SiNx:H films have been widely used for anti-reflection coatings and passivation for crystalline silicon solar cells. In this study, SiNx:H films were deposited using high frequency (13.56 MHz) direct plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and the optical and passivation properties were investigated. The radio frequency power, the spacing between the showerhead and wafer, the ratio, the total gas flow, and the gas flow were changed over certain ranges for the film deposition. The thickness uniformity, the refractive index, and the minority carrier lifetime were then measured in order to study the properties of the film. The optimal deposition conditions for application to crystalline Si solar cells are determined from the results of this study.


The management style of an organisation can influence the relative effectiveness of alternative approaches to conferencing and reporting. Implications of autocratic, supportive, custodial and collegial management styles are described. Generally, Theory X environments should be addressed with more formal reports and detailed implementation plans, Theory Y environments call for greater interaction and explicit commentary by auditees, and Theory Z environments warrant a joint approach from the initial conference to the final report. The applicability of quality circles to the communication channels between auditor and auditee is explained, with a suggestion that auditees be educated as to the advantages of the audit and internal controls.


In the present work, highly effective, accessible nanostructured complex sorbents (NSCS) possessing microporosity, high dispersity and high sorption ability and a low-waste method for their production using bentonite clay of Taganskoye deposit and wastes of mineral wool production are proposed. It has been experimentally established that mechanoactivation makes it possible to obtain a complex sorbent with nanoscale particles and a highly developed surface. At the same time, favorable conditions for mechanical dispersion are created in the presence of water and milling intensifier waste products of mineral wool. Based on the results of a study of the sorption of chromium (VI) ions from model solutions (C (Cr (VI)) = 0.5-1.5 mg/dm3), the NSCC provides a high degree of purification from chromium (VI) ions. Already in the first 30 minutes, sorption under static conditions proceeds at a high rate. The equilibrium value of the sorption for chromium (VI) ions on the complex sorbent averages 96-99 % of its limiting value for ~ 0.5 h. From the sorption isotherm characterizing the dependence of the sorption capacity on the concentration of the sorbed component at a constant temperature for the liquid phase, Basic information is obtained on the sorption properties of NSCC based on bentonite clay and wastes of mineral wool production and on the character of the adsorption of chromium (VI) ions on it. Nanostructured complex sorbent can be used to solve the problem of wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises from chromium (VI) ions.