Behind the problems faced in the implementation of teaching English in schools, on the contrary, learning activities in Kampung Inggris Pare are reported as having exciting and enjoyable in terms of topics and exercises they do in the classroom. The teaching methods are varied, broad, and challenging. The variation of the topics avoids boredom in the learning. Therefore, this study investigated the teaching methods conducted in this immersive environment. This qualitative study was conducted in Peace, Kampung Inggris Pare, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Six participants participated in this study. The data were collected through observations, interviews, documents, and visual photos. The data shows that, in teaching speaking, tutors in English Village Pare utilize a variety of media and integrated language skills, for example, by using visual media in the form of images. Five phases will be trained to achieve communicative goals in language learning, namely: pay attention to the pictures to store the concept in mind, construct the ideas about the photos (perception), regulate the way to express the ideas (mind mapping), speak up (describing the picture or anything to talk), communicative comprehension (speaking and listening session as a speaker or listener), and after review and practice the phases or activities many times, the students finally will reach the speaking fluency (ignoring filler and stuck), respect to the time, and communicative skills. This method can lead students to become successful language learners


The so-called reflex mode of Electron String Ion Source (ESIS) operation has been under intense study, both experimental and theoretical at JINR during the last decade. The idea of using a tubular electron string ion source (TESIS) has been put forward recently to obtain 12 orders of magnitude increase in the ion output as compared with ESIS. The project is aimed at creating TESIS and studying an electron string in the tubular geometry. The new tubular source with a superconducting solenoid up to 5 T should be constructed in 2010. The method of the off–axis TESIS ion extraction will be used to get TESIS beam emittance comparable with ESIS emittance. It is expected that this new TESIS (Krion T1) will meet all rigid conceptual and technological requirements and should provide an ion output approaching 10 mA of Ar ions in the pulse mode and about 10 μA of Ar ions in the average current mode. Analytical, numerical study of the tubular electron strings and the design of the TESIS construction are given in this report. The experiments with quasi tubular electron beams performed on the modified ESIS Krion 2 are also discussed there. TUBULAR ELECTRON STRING ION SOURCE The Electron String Ion Source is based on a specially designed electron gun and an electron reflector that allows multiple uses of beam electrons [1-3]. At some conditions the electron string is formed with about few hundreds reflections for each electron. The electron string can be used for production of highly charged ions similarly to beam electrons. The interest in the ESIS mode was motivated by the attractive possibility of decreasing the electron beam power by a factor of 100 preserving simultaneously the same ion yield. The Krion2 ESIS has been used successfully at the injection complex of JINR synchrotron Nuclotron for production of highly charged ion beams: Ar 200 μA, Fe 150 μA in 8μs pulses (see Table 1) [3]. The idea of using TESIS was proposed in [4] to obtain a considerable increase of ion outputs (Table 1) in comparison with the ESIS and simultaneously a small ion beam emittance, usually provided by ESIS. The method of the off–axis TESIS ion extraction was proposed in [45] to get beam emittance comparable with ESIS one. In fact, the number of produced ions is proportional to the number of the stored electrons and for a given source length it is proportional to the beam cross-section area. The ratio of the stored electrons/ions in the tubular source NTESIS and in the solid cylindrical beam NESIS of the same length is NTESIS/NESIS≈4r/a≈25÷50, where a is the radial electron beam thickness and r is the main radius for the tubular electron beam. Second crucial point is that the use of tubular geometry of drift tube structure allows avoiding the virtual cathode formation for the corresponding amount of accumulated electrons in comparison to the cylindrical drift tube structure. It was found experimentally [1-3] that the maximum number of electrons Ne accumulated in a linear string was proportional to a confined magnetic field B to the third power:


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of MicroRNA (miRNA)-130a on cardiac function and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats with heart failure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The rat heart failure model (n = 30) were established, then divided into miRNA-130a group, phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) group, rAAV9 group, and sham group (n = 10 in each group). Four weeks after the operation, the cardiac ultrasound and hemodynamic determination were performed. Blood endothelin-1 (ET-1) content was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of myocardium. The expression levels of miRNA-130a and TNF-α were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction) (qRT-PCR). And the expression of TNF-α protein was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.

RESULTS
The rat heart failure model was successfully constructed. The miRNA-130a expression was decreased in rats with heart failure, and miRNA-130a transfection was successful. miRNA-130a improved left ventricular ejection fraction in the rat with heart failure. The blood ET-1 in miRNA-130a group was significantly lower than that of PBS group and rAAV9 group (p < 0.05). RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that compared with the sham group, the expression of TNF-α in the model group was increased. And the expression of TNF-α in miRNA-130a group was significantly lower than that of PBS and rAAV9 group.

CONCLUSIONS
miRNA-130a could improve cardiac function of heart failure rat by down-regulating TNF-α.


Optimizing compilers for higher-order languages need not be terribly complex. The problems created by non-local, non-global variables can be eliminated by allocating all such variables in the heap. Lambda lifting makes this practical by eliminating all non-local variables except for those that would have to be allocated in the heap anyway. The eliminated non-local variables become local variables that can be allocated in registers. Since calls to known procedures are just gotos that pass arguments, lifted lambda expressions are just assembly language labels that have been augmented by a list of symbolic names for the registers that are live at that label.


Antimetabolites of purine metabolism have found a use as anti-leukaemic, antiprotozoal and antiviral drugs, in immunosuppression and transplantation, and in gout and hyperuricemia. Their mechanisms of action are reviewed.


In Ayurveda, ahara (food), swapna (sleep) and brahmacharya (celibacy) are considered as tryo-upasthambhas or subsupporting pillars of life. Food is critical for the sustenance of life; it is the first of the three, followed by sleep and brahmacharya. Foods are any substances containing nutrients, such as carbohydrate, proteins and fats that can be ingested by a living organism and metabolized into energy and bodily tissues. Digestion is the process of breakdown of complex form of food into simplest monomers through enzymatic process in gastrointestinal tract. In Ayurveda, conversion of hetrogenous panchbhautic ahara (complex food) into its basic homogenous panchmahabhuta (simplest monomers) is directed by the synchronization of three sets of agni; jathragni, dhatwagni and bhutagni. The process of digestion, metabolism and assimilation is mainly accomplished by agni. The site of jathragni is grahani or pakvamashaya better known as pittadhara kala. Samana vayu, Pachaka pitta and kledaka kapha helps in digestion. Samana vayu which is present near the vicinity of agni stimulate the pachakagni for the digestion and separation of food. Kledaka kapha is present in the stomach which softens the food materials. Ayurvedic classics explains the whole process of digestion that starts with the intake of food, takes place in three stages called as Avastha paka, these are Madhur avastha paka, Amla avastha paka and katu avastha paka. Few works have been mentioned on conceptual features of avastha paka in relation to modern physiology. In this article correlation of the physiological concept of avastha paka with modern medical science has been stated. For this study, the basic materials have been collected from the Ayurvedic classics with the available commentaries, as well as Text books of modern medical science better understanding of the concept and its comparison with contemporary science.


We investigated the effect of substrate misfit strain on the current-induced magnetization switching in magnetic tunnel junctions by combining micromagnetic simulation with phase-field microelasticity theory. Our results indicate that the positive substrate misfit strain can decrease the critical current density of magnetization switching by pushing the magnetization from out-of-plane to in-plane directions, while the negative strain pushes the magnetization back to the out-of-plane directions. The magnetic domain evolution is obtained to demonstrate the strain-assisted current-induced magnetization switching.


Slip gradients near the tips of earthquake ruptures and faults are typically linear. For non‐interacting faults or earthquake ruptures, tip tapers are scale invariant, and about 1–2 orders of magnitude larger for faults than for earthquakes. For fault tips interacting with other faults, the taper can be as much as a factor of 10 greater than for non‐interacting faults. For earthquake ruptures, taper is also greater by as much as a factor of 10 for tips of rupture segments in the interior of the main rupture, tips in which the earthquake has propagated to the end of the fault, and tips which interact with the stress‐drop of a previous earthquake on the same fault. Tip taper for faults increases with the strength of the wall rock. These observations are consistent with fracture mechanics models in which inelastic deformation occurs in a volume surrounding the crack tip.


Foreword Ratan N Tata Preface Introduction Private Wealth for Public Good PART ONE: BUSINESS AND COMMUNITY: YESTERDAY (1850-1990) Merchants to Multinationals: Growth of Indian Business Merchant Charity (1850-1941) Corporate Philanthropy (1941-1960) Towards Corporate Social Responsibility (1960-1990) PART TWO: BUSINESS AND COMMUNITY: GLOBALIZATION AND BEYOND (1990-2012) Winds of Change CSR in Action The Challenges PART THREE: BUSINESS AND COMMUNITY: TOMORROW CSR as Trusteeship Appendices Select Bibliography Index


Objective: Observe the curative effect of acute intensive alcohol poisoning by using naloxone hydrochloride. Method: First to observe the wake-up time of the patients in the two groups:45 cases of naloxone hydrochloride therapy group,42 cases of regular therapy group, and then to compare the different treatment therapies. Result: The average wake-up time of the patients in the naloxone hydrochloride group is much shorter than that in the regular group. Conclusion: The therapy effect is obvious by using naloxone hydrochloride especially for patients with intensive alcohol poisoning. So in my opinion, this therapy method is worth widely applied.


Online stores offer various conveniences such as allowing people to shop from the comfort of their homes, using a multitude of devices such as mobile phones. People living with disabilities should also be able to enjoy the conveniences that come with online stores. The purpose of this study was to determine whether web accessibility guidelines, that allow people living with disabilities to navigate easier on websites, have been implemented on Namibian online stores. Another objective of the study was to determine whether the owners of the online stores are familiar with web accessibility and assistive technologies. A case study was undertaken, using 7 online stores as cases. The cases were purposively selected. Three of the 7 online stores participated in a qualitative interview. It was found that the online stores had some features that provided for accessibility and that were compatible with assistive technologies but there were also some features lacking that would make the stores more accessible. The site owners additionally showed a low-level understanding of what web accessibility and assistive technologies are. The study calls for the inclusivity of people living with disabilities in using and navigating Namibian online stores.


The paper presents a technique for compression of motion data using an inverse kinematics algorithm. In a motion chain, the movement of each joint is represented by a series of vector signals in 3D space. In general, specific types of joints, such as end effectors, often require higher precision than other general types of joints in, for example, CG animation and robot manipulation. When compressing these motion data, the distortion of a parent joint due to quantization in turn affects its child joint and is accumulated to the end effector. To address this problem and control the movement of the whole body, we propose a prediction method based on inverse kinematics. Our method achieves efficient compression with a high compression rate and high quality of the motion data. By comparing with a conventional prediction, we demonstrate the advantage of ours with some examples.


The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problem of trust in Russian society — interpersonal, generalized, institutional. In the course of mass polls during April-May 2020, we recorded a low and declining level of trust in official information about the coronavirus, a low level of trust in social institutions — the state, the media, healthcare and science. Conspiracy theories about the origin of the virus and the belief that the threat is being exaggerated have become widespread. The purpose of the article is to consider, on the basis of a series of empirical studies, socio-psychological factors influencing trust/distrust in social institutions during a pandemic, the main types of attitudes towards a pandemic, as well as the influence of the level of trust on the readiness to comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements. Data: a mass surveys of the population based on an opt-in panel of respondents (N = 1000), an online survey using socio-psychological scales (N = 668), in-depth interviews (N = 60 interviews). Our research shows that the decline in trust in the media and the authorities was caused by contradictions in official information and inconsistency in the actions of government officials, a lack of empathy and two-way communication, a sense of injustice and disappointment with broken promises. In a pandemic, the level of trust is associated with belief in the justice of the world, the search for social support, the moral foundations of loyalty and care, and an orientation towards taking into account long-term consequences. At the same time, the trust-related issues have a pragmatic aspect in a pandemic situation: the level of social trust affects the willingness to follow the recommendations of experts and to be vaccinated, optimism about the future, the level of anxiety and coping strategies, and belief in conspiracy theories. Prospective directions of research of social trust and its socio-psychological functions in conditions of global risks are outlined.
Acknowledgments. The study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 18-18-00439 "Psychology of human beings in conditions of global risks").


Face detection is the very well-known problem in Computer Vision applied in any detection and recognition frameworks. With the rapid change in Machine Learning and Deep Learning, this line of research has achieved many profound success that solves the original problem and associated aspects. In this paper, authors revisit the problem in a new approach that enhances the performance and accuracy of the state-of-the-art algorithm developed by Paul Viola and Michael J. Jones. Fuzzy membership functions are utilized in the classification process which helps reduce the amount of calculations as well as the training and classification time. By well conducting experiments, the authors have clearly and convincingly proved the advance of this research compared to the original work. Besides, the performance of each Fuzzy membership function is carefully analyzed to give the insight of the proposed method. In addition, Haar-like patterns in-herited from Viola-Jones systems are also extracted in the better way resulting in more informative features. Furthermore, from experiments, authors proved that a small fraction of the whole feature set is far sufficient to build a strong classifier. It leads to the decrease in training time and memory storage is not compulsory as in the previous work. In summary, the proposed method has improved the original solution of Viola and Jones in both accuracy and robustness and also in the training process.


Probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) of nuclear power plants proceed by modeling potential accident sequences at the plant of interest. These hypothesized accident sequences begin with initiating events. A very important initiating event phenomenon is the loss of off†site power (LOSP). This is the interruption of the preferred power supply to the essential and nonessential switchgear buses resulting in the use of emergency power supplies. If off†site power is not restored in a reasonable period of time, emergency backup sources of AC and DC power may subsequently fail, resulting in a possible core meltdown. Industry data show 63 LOSP incidents in the operating history of nuclear plants in the United States. Two Bayesian models for the frequency of incidents of LOSP are presented. One model assumes that all nuclear power generating stations share a common incidence rate for LOSP, and a posterior distribution is found for the mean incidence rate for all plants. The second model assumes that the incidence rates for individual plants belong to a superpopulation of incidence rates. Under this model the incidence rate for each plant is unique, but related to the incident rate of all other plants through the superpopulation. These models provide a vehicle for incorporating initiating event uncertainty into PRAs.


Purpose - to compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in inpatients during the third wave of the disease with previous outbreaks, to study the course of COVID-19 in children depending on the predicted variant of the virus and timely prevention of possible disease. Materials and methods. 861 case histories of children who were hospitalized at the Kyiv City Children's Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) were analyzed for coronavirus disease during three outbreaks of the disease. During the observation of the pandemic, the following periods were identified: 1st wave - from June to November 2020 (340 cases); 2nd wave - from February to May 2021 (190 cases); 3d - August - December 2021 (331 cases) and divided children by age into five categories: from birth to 1 month, 1-12 months, 1-5 years, 6-10 years and over 10 years. For calculations and statistical analysis, a statistical package was used using descriptive statistics methods, namely: logistic regression models were built, with the definition of Chi-square criterion, odds ratio (OR), probable interval (95% CI) and ROC-curve multifactor model with the definition of the area under the curve (AUC). The median (M), interquartile interval (IQR, 1st-3rd quartile) was also determined in the work. Fisher's test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Results. In the analysis of the observation of the dependence of coronavirus infection in children on the period of morbidity, using the method of logistic regression models, interrelated factors were identified: D-dimer (decreased (p=0.05) indicator for 3 waves, OR=7.47 (95% CI: 0,56-1)); radiological changes (decreased risk (p=0.005) during 3 waves, OR=1.66 (95% CI: 0.0009-2.86)) and procalcitonin (increased risk of elevated procalcitonin levels (p=0.07) during 3 waves, OR=4.27 (95% CI: 0.41-4.5)). Conclusions. The third wave of COVID-19 was characterized by a more severe course and a higher incidence of complicated cases (p<0.001). Among hospitalized pediatric patients, the proportion of patients with concomitant pathology progressively increased (p=0.0005). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institutions. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, children, incidence wave, complications.


The registration of products and services through the Community trade mark give them an extended protection, acceptable throughout the European Union (EU). By means of a single registration, protection is obtained in all the 27 Member States and the previously recorded Community trademarks or those presented for registration automatically extend their effects in the countries that will join the European Union. The advantage of registering a Community trade mark is highlighted by minimal registration costs, extended protection across the EU and a minimal time to become legal, for the benefit of exporters and of those providing services, in order to avoid divergence (payment of damages) and conflicts with the companies and businesses in this area.


The research deals with a phenomenon repeated in the Holy Quran. It came in many of its verses. It is a phenomenon that some of Verses of Quran change the topic out of their context unexpectedly, in a way that attracts the attention and arouse in the soul an inquiry about this sudden change and its aim. It calls for contemplation, speculation and careful examination to recognize its truth and reveal its signification. Such a change is what we call withdrawal. The research has established the origin of the tern (withdrawal in the context) after it examined each of the two terms alone, explaining their linguistic dimensions and technical signification. It concluded that withdrawal is an unexpected change that renew semantic impetus when moving in the discourse from one origin to other, or it is an appearance of an unexpected element from phrases and sentences within linguistic, rhetorical, and psychological network in one specific text frame.


Text of speech delivered by Barbara Jordan at the annual meeting of the Houston Planned Parenthood Association. She talks about the necessity of family planning and related upcoming legislation.


1World Health Organiza%on Europe. WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Ini%a%veImplementa%on of round 1 (2007/2008) and round 2 (2009/2010). Trudy Wijnhoven, Joop van Raiij, João Breda. WHO (Eds). WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2014. Available at h`p://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/258781/COSI-report-round-1-and-2_final-for-web.pdf INTRODUCTION WHO/Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Ini%a%ve (COSI)1 is an ongoing, systema%c process of collec%on, analysis, interpreta%on and dissemina%on of descrip%ve informa%on for monitoring excess body weight in the WHO European Region. The system aims to measure trends in overweight and obesity in children aged 6-8 year-olds, every three years. Among 36 par%cipa%ng european countries, Portugal has been collec%ng data since 2008 (1st round). Here it is presented the nutri%onal status of Portuguese children of the COSI study, and explored changes in overweight and obesity between 2008 and 2013.


This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in internal medicine. Does treating type 2 diabetes with medications to lower the blood sugar reduce diabetes-related complications more than dietary therapy alone? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study overview, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.


Pain intensity is subjective, individual, and difficult to quantify. The visual analog scale (VAS) has proved superior to categorical systems for


Limits on the physical properties of the scattering haze near the top of Titan's atmosphere are derived from data obtained from seven high-phase-angle images from Voyager 1 and 2. From the ratio of the intensities observed at two different high phase angles, an estimate can be made of the forward scattering lobe of the single-scattering phase function. Comparing the forward scattering estimate with diffraction lobes from particles of different radii, we conclude that the average radius of the particles found in the upper few tenths of an optical depth exceeds 0.19 μm. Judging from data observed at four different phase angles, the haze particles probably have a refractive index near 1.6 and a mean size of ∼0.5 μm, if the widths of their diffraction peaks are close to those for equal volume spheres. However, the highly polarizing nature of the particles over a broad wavelength band pass [Tomasko and Smith, 1982; West et al. this issue] combined with their forward scattering behavior makes it very unlikely that the particles are spherical. The nonsphericity contributes to the uncertainty about the radii of the particles, but it is thought that the average radius is several tenths of a micron.


Soil erosion monitoring is a pivotal exercise at macro through micro landscape levels, which directly informs environmental management at diverse spatial and temporal scales. The monitoring of soil erosion can be an arduous task when completed through ground-based surveys and there are uncertainties associated with the use of large-scale medium resolution image-based digital elevation models for estimating erosion rates. LiDAR derived elevation models have proven effective in modeling erosion, but such data proves costly to obtain, process, and analyze. The proliferation of images and other geospatial datasets generated by unmanned aerial systems (UAS) is increasingly able to reveal additional nuances that traditional geospatial datasets were not able to obtain due to the former's higher spatial resolution. This study evaluated the efficacy of a UAS derived digital terrain model (DTM) to estimate surface flow and sediment loading in a fluvial aggregate excavation operation in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. A nested scale distributed hydrologic flow and sediment loading model was constructed for the UAS point cloud derived DTM. To evaluate the effectiveness of flow and sediment loading generated by the UAS point cloud derived DTM, a LiDAR derived DTM was used for comparison in consonance with several statistical measures of model efficiency. Results demonstrate that the UAS derived DTM can be used in modeling flow and sediment erosion estimation across space in the absence of a LiDAR-based derived DTM.


Network-based recommendation algorithm presents a good recommended result in many aspects. The algorithm is also facing the problem of cold-start. This paper proposes a solution for cold-start problem which makes use of an algorithm based on items similarity to calculate the similarity between the new item and other items in the system, and then link the new item to the user-item matrix. Finally the new items can be recommended to users by the network-based recommendation algorithm what the traditional network-based recommendation algorithm can't do. Therefore, the problem is solved on certain degree.


Abstract A methodology for determination of lower bound solutions for multi-stage production scheduling problems is treated here. The startup delays are expressed as analytical functions of demand, production rate, and cycle times for the appropriate stages. A theorem is proved which states that the lower bound solution is achievable if and only if adjacent stage cycle times differ by proportionality constants which are positive integers, or the reciprocal of positive integers. Computer algorithms for the solution of the lower bound problem are discussed.


Complex digital filter techniques are briefly discussed. Three designs of a special class of complex filters called orthogonal filters are presented: the orthogonal direct form, minimum norm, and optimal state-space filters. The direct-form structure has previously been used in the design of transmultiplexers, whereas the minimum-norm and optimal state-space structures are new. The noise and stability performance of each structure are discussed and compared. >


Through dedication to Quanzhen training regimens, one could actualize latent spiritual capacities and become an alchemically-transformed being. Such transformative techniques required and embodied alternative views of self, of human psychosomatic possibility. The early Quanzhen religious community adopted an understanding of the human body that parallels classical Chinese medicine, as documented in such texts as the Huangdi neijing suwen. Traditional Chinese understanding of self is part of the religio-cultural milieu of early Quanzhen. According to early Quanzhen Daoism, the human body is inhabited by malevolent entities and spiritual forces that seek to bring about disease and premature death. Members of the early Quanzhen movement also perceived and interacted with the body as an alchemical crucible. The early Quanzhen adherents and religious community had a unique conception of self, which simultaneously incorporated earlier Chinese medical views, Buddhist conceptions, and contemporaneous neidan understandings.Keywords: alchemical crucible; alchemically-transformed being; Buddhist conceptions; Chinese medicine; human being; Quanzhen training regimens; spiritual forces


The invention provides a surface processing method of low temperature plasma of a granular material. The method comprises the steps of placing the granular material into a rotary drum; performing surface treatment on the granular material; vacuumizing the rotary drum and introducing a reaction gas quantitively; and generating glow discharge plasma by applying an electric field in the rotary drum. A surface treatment device of the low temperature plasma of the granular material comprises a rotary drum, an electrode, a gas feed inlet, a baffle, a granular material, a plasma generating power supply and an extraction opening. According to the method, raw materials are not easy to accumulate and cover, and the surfaces exposed in the plasma atmosphere are better processed, and the processing uniformity is good, the processing efficiency is high, and the processing effect is ideal.


I read with great interest the article published in a recent issue of Critical Care Medicine by Pirrone et al (1) evaluating the best approach to improving lung volumes, respiratory system elastance, and oxygenation using recruitment maneuvers (RMs) followed by a decremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trial. The authors showed that obese patients require higher levels of PEEP after RMs than those routinely used. With obese patients in the supine position, application of a decremental PEEP trial after RMs significantly reduced lung and respiratory system elastance and significantly increased transpulmonary pressure and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), compared to baseline. Elevating the head of the bed to 30° further increased transpulmonary pressure and EELV, but it also increased lung and respiratory system elastance toward baseline values. Interestingly, chest wall elastance was unchanged in both positions. The additional increase in EELV observed with head-of-bed elevation may be attributed more to overdistension of already aerated lung tissue than to recruitment of previously collapsed alveoli or improved distribution of lung aeration (1). It is quite possible that further improvement in lung volumes, respiratory system elastance, chest wall compliance, and oxygenation can be achieved by placing obese patients in the beach chair position or reverse-Trendelenburg position (RTP) before RMs followed by a decremental PEEP trial. Valenza et al (2) found that when obese patients receiving 10 cm H 2 O PEEP were placed in the beach chair position, the EELV (p = 0.0014), respiratory system elastance (p < 0.001), and chest wall elastance (from 6.53 ± 1.92 to 5.70 ± 2.11 cm H 2 O/L) improved, compared to the supine position values. This was achieved without significant changes in mean arterial pressure or heart rate (2). These beneficial effects may be due to caudal displacement of the diaphragm causing reduced abdominal compression of the inferior lung fields, resulting in recruitment of dependent lung alveoli (2, 3). Increased lung volume and improved oxygenation were likewise observed by Richard et al (3) in selected patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome placed in the RTP, which was achieved by combining 45° head and upper body elevation with 45° lower limbs downward displacement. These authors found that lung volume at 20 cm H 2 O on the pressure-volume curve from PEEP and Pao 2 were significantly higher in the RTP than in the supine position (3). Perilli et al (4) also reported benefits with the RTP. They noted that when obese patients were placed in this position, oxygenation improved significantly, with an increase in Pao 2 and a decrease in alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Total respiratory system compliance also significantly increased, but changes in arterial blood pressure were minimal (4). I congratulate the authors on their study, and I am grateful for their suggestions. Based on the evidence discussed above, it is reasonable to assume that, whenever possible, using the beach chair position or RTP may further improve lung volumes, respiratory system elastance, and oxygenation in critically ill, mechanically ventilated morbidly obese patients undergoing RMs followed by a decremental PEEP trial, as suggested by the authors. The author has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest.


The effect of line losses on crosstalk and radiation in a multiconductor microstrip transmission line system, has been investigated using the modal theory in the frequency domain. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been employed to determine the time domain response of the lines to signals from high speed switching circuits. The crosstalk reducing effect of a lossy shield line has also been studied using this technique. The frequency domain expression for the line currents has been used along with the asymptotic form of dyadic Green's function for a grounded dielectric slab, to determine the frequency spectrum and the waveform of the radiated field.


A communication system includes determining whether first integrity information of a first encryption key is true or false, performing communication by using a first secret key corresponding to the first encryption key when the first integrity information is true, displaying second integrity information of a second encryption key, determining whether the second integrity information is true or false, and performing communication by using a second secret key corresponding to the second encryption key when the second integrity information is true.


Rhinosporidiosis is a fairly common problem for the Otolaryngologist in many parts of the world, because of its prompt recurrence after surgical excision. Though not a fatal disease, it inflicts various kinds of social and economic strain on the patients and their families.


Simple Summary Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has been developed to avoid the transmission of a critical hereditary disease, by selecting embryos for uterine transfer using a genetic analysis. BRCA mutated patients can undergo PGT and also be offered fertility preservation (FP) when diagnosed, with cancer or even preventively before a malignancy occurs. However, PGT but also FP success rates are closely related to ovarian reserve parameters, which are known to be potentially lower for BRCA pathogenic variant carriers. To this day, although BRCA pathogenic variants are related to reproductive issues, there are no international guidelines for the application of PGT and FP in this subgroup of patients. The aim of this article is to review the published real-life data regarding BRCA carriers' ovarian reserve and PGT success rates in oncologic and non-oncologic contexts, to determine the actual indication of PGT and further to improve patients' care pathway. Abstract Over the past years, BRCA genes pathogenic variants have been associated to reproductive issues. Indeed, evidence indicate that BRCA-mutated patients are not only at higher risk of developing malignancies, but may also present a reduction of the follicular stockpile. Given these characteristics, BRCA patients may be candidates to fertility preservation (FP) techniques or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to avoid the transmission of this inherited situation. Since the success rates of both procedures are highly related to the number of oocytes that could be recovered after ovarian stimulation, predicted by ovarian reserve tests, they are ideally performed before the diagnosis of cancer and its treatment. Despite the specific reproductive challenges related to BRCA status, no international guidelines for the application of PGT and FP in this subgroup of patients is currently available. The present article aims to review the available data regarding BRCA carriers' ovarian reserve and PGT success rates in oncologic and non-oncologic contexts, to determine the actual indication of PGT and further to improve patients' care pathway.


A 43 year old male presented with progressive difficulty in walking, slowness of speech, dizziness with tendency for frequent falls of 2 year duration. The patient was on syndopa and t r ihexyphenidyl wi th in i t ia l improvement for the first 6 months followed by a rapid deterioration. Later he developed urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence associated w i t h c o n s t i p a t i o n a n d p o s t u r a l giddiness. On examination, the patient had mask like facies, low volume of speech, bradykinesia, slow saccades, broken pursuits, cog wheel rigidity, symmetrical tremors, festinant gait with a tendency to fall associated with gait ataxia. His blood pressure was 140/90 mm in the lying down position which reduced to 110/74mm after 3 minutes of standing. Heart rate variability showed orthostatic hypotension due to deficient baroreflex regulation of sympathetic c i r cu i t . Det russor hyperre f l ex ia , ure thra l sphincter weakness and detrusor muscle weakness contributes to urinary symptoms in the form of f requency , urgency , noc tur ia , incomplete bladder emptying and incontinence.MRI abnormalities are typical of MSA. The Hot cross bun appearance in MSA is due to loss of pontine neurons and myelinated transverse pontocerebellar fibres with preservation of the corticospinal fibres which run craniocaudally2. It is seen in MSAC while the putaminal slit sign is seen in MSA-P.


Materials & Methods: This was a retrospective analytic study. All airway assessment data from medical records of patients aged more than 18 years old underwent general anesthesia in Srinagarind hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were assessed for univariate and multivariate odds ratios using binary logistic regression. The developed prognostic model was then transformed into a simple scoring model named MMM-BI score.


The composition of state psychology regulatory boards was examined for type of degree, primary type of work, sex, diplomate status, and divisional membership. The number of clinical psychologists on such boards has increased from 35% in 1962 to 57% in 1977. Women are represented on these boards in approximately the same percentage as they are members of the APA.


Efficiency of team knowledge management in outsourcing plays a vital role in competitive advantage building. Knowledge collaboration (KC) is a strategy method of knowledge management, which pay more attention not only on efficiency of knowledge cooperation, but also on value added of intellectual capital and social capital. In this paper, the nature of KC and its relations with intellectual capital and social capital has been discussed firstly, then a KC performance evaluation system has been proposed, which combined two aspects, collaboration effect measurement through value added count and cooperation efficiency measurement through accuracy and timeliness calculation. This evaluation system is very benefit for KC research and practicing. Key Word: Knowledge collaboration, Intellectual capital, Social capital, value added view, evaluation system


The active oxygen radicals of cultured bezoar have been studied by chemiluminescence.The results show that the cultured bezoar has a lot of the active oxygen radicals.luminous instensity relates to changes of cultured bezoar′s concentration.It provides an important and valuable information for eliminatinging active oxygen radicals by cultured bezoar.


Loading rate sensitivity effects at high temperatures are brought about by a viscous metallic Si phase within an SiC mircostructure. The cross-head speeds were 0.024 and 1260 mm/min. At 0.024 mm/min and 1200°C, KIC increases up to ∼12 MN/m3/2, whereas at 1260 mm/min, KIC remains nearly unaffected, comparable with the room temperature value of ∼4 MN/m3/2. The effect contradicts the normal behavior where KIC increases with increasing cross-head speed. Fracture toughness data should therefore be determined as a Junction of loading rate, to account for viscous reactions at certain temperatures.


Powerful emerging technologies, data systems, and communications have converged to change how we play, work, communicate, learn, and even what we think. It is fundamentally changing our institutions and support systems, especially our schools and their classrooms. Thus, the teachers that use these classrooms need to also change. If schools and classroom designed for a 20th century industrial age are to survive, then how do they need to be transformed to respond to the rapidly changing needs of today's 21st century students? There is currently much "hype" on what technology can do for students and their classrooms. This chapter explores what the research says works regarding the integration of digital technologies for schools, teachers, and most importantly the 21st century students that today's classrooms are intended to serve. However, with most emerging technologies, the research has not kept pace with the ever increasing advance, so this chapter also highlights some of the promising new technology devices, programs, and educational practices in need of quality evaluative research. By exploring how today's students and their learning needs are being changed by current and emerging promising digital technologies, a personal vision for the reader should begin to emerge on how schools might transform their 20th century teachers and classrooms into spaces, including virtual spaces, that better serve today's 21st century students. Robert J. Leneway Western Michigan University, USA


This paper presents a coupled, joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm for multi-target tracking using a modified version of the standard measurement-to-track assignment model. The mutually exclusive nature of standard JPDA association events precludes any measurement being associated with more than one target in a given event. This constraint is relaxed here to allow a measurement to be assigned to multiple targets. All other JPDA assumptions are retained (i.e., no measurement can be simultaneously associated with target and clutter, and each track can claim at most one measurement). The computational requirements of the resulting algorithm grow linearly with the number of tracks. The recursive estimators for the coupled track means and covariance are derived and presented


In this paper, we consider numerical indices associated to spaces with free $C_p$-action. We prove that the Stiefel manifolds provide an example of non-tidy spaces for $p=2$, which are those whose co-index and index disagree. In the case of odd primes, we construct examples of co-index $3$ whose index may be arbitrarily large.


The invention relates to confectionery of long shelf-life in the form of a soft, creamy, foamed mass of stable form, comprising milk components, edible fats, sugar and/or artificial sweeteners and water, whereby at least part of the edible fat is in crystalline form at room temperature. The confectionery contains no lactose crystals which may be detected by the consumer, the milk protein content is 6 to 20 wt. %, the fat-free milk dry mass is in the range of 16 to 55 wt. % and the denaturation level of the milk protein is </= 20 %.


In attenuating media, pulse characteristics evolve with propagation distance and saturation or pressure‐dependent changes in rock properties. This nonstationarity of the waveform complicates determination of meaningful traveltimes. As a result, depending on the time‐picking criteria used, substantially different values of interval velocity can be obtained. This problem is particularly severe in high‐frequency laboratory time‐of‐flight measurements on porous rock. A potentially less ambiguous measure of wave speed is the signal velocity that is calculated using the pulse onset time. Here, a semiautomated method is developed to determine this onset time in high‐fidelity, pressure‐dependent core measurements. The greatest value of Pearson's correlation coefficient between segments of observed waveforms near the pulse onset and at an appropriate reference serves as the time determination criterion. Tests of the method on artificial data suggest the signal velocity may be determined to better than 0.3% for −60...


By using It formula in generalized Wiener process,this paper presents the pricing formulas and four corollaries of the European call buy-options under the function Vasicek interest rate model by means of the equivalent measure transformation and martingale method.


The invention relates to a hydraulic mechanical type multi-clutch transmission which comprises a main input shaft, a main output shaft, a hydraulic torque converter, a plurality of clutches and a double-planetary-rank confluence mechanism. A torque converter input end of the hydraulic torque converter is connected with the main input shaft in a transmitting mode. The clutches comprise a clutch input end, at least three coaxial clutch output shafts and a clutch mechanism. A first planetary rank of the double-planetary-rank confluence mechanism comprises a first sun gear input shaft and a first planetary support input shaft, and a second planetary rank comprises a second gear ring input shaft. A second planetary support is coaxially connected with a first gear ring in a transmitting mode, a second sun gear is coaxially connected with the main output shaft in a transmitting mode, changing gear sets are respectively arranged between the first sun gear input shaft and a corresponding clutch output shaft, between the first planetary support input shaft and a corresponding clutch output shaft and between the second gear ring and a corresponding output shaft, and brakes are arranged respectively and correspondingly. The hydraulic mechanical type multi-clutch transmission is compact in structure and has a plurality of gears.


Background: Joint hyper mobility (JH) defines as ligamentous laxity, it is due to a primary genetic disorder of connective tissue matrix proteins, Moreover, it is highly associations with the risk of soft tissue injury, chronic widespread pain, while 56% of children according to Brighton criteria moreover, 45% of mother notice the BJHS while 9% of mother consider about the symptoms. Conclusion: Hyper mobility syndromes are common in Sudanese children while the poor knowledge about this condition might lead to delay in diagnosis and application of treatment.


Marshall McLuhan's famous aphorism, the medium is the message, serves as the title of the first chapter of his most influential work, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (2003), originally published in 1964. Its significance extends far beyond that starting point, as this single sentence sums up in pithy and poetic fashion the entirety of McLuhan's approach to the study of media. It would be tempting to designate this statement as the first axiom of McLuhan's media ecology, except for the fact that it is not a logical postulate, but rather is born out of McLuhan's literary sensibilities. As such, it is metaphoric, message being the metaphor for medium, leading us to ask, regarding each and every particular medium, what is the message that it conveys, and what is the effect that it produces? It is also oxymoronic, medium and message typically being considered two quite different elements of the communication process, and in some sense antonymic (paralleling the polarities of sender and receiver). Through this juxtaposition, McLuhan asks us to reconsider their opposition, asks us to consider whether they really are separate, distinct, and independent phenomena, or whether there is an erroneous elementalism at work resulting in a false division, in the same way that we may mistakenly divide mind from body, or the rational from the emotional. As an oxymetaphor, as Ray Gozzi (1999) puts it, the medium is the message serves as an invitation to contemplation, and as a poetic formulation, it invites participation through its ambiguity and openness, functioning as a cool medium, to draw on McLuhan's own taxonomy of media. But most importantly, as the first aphorism of McLuhan's media ecology, the medium is the message contains a multitude of meanings packed tightly together into one memorable package. The challenge, then, is to unpack McLuhan's saying, isolate and identify its many meanings, and express them in the form of coherent statements, thereby moving beyond an intuitive and aesthetic appreciation for McLuhan's thought, and into the developing field of inquiry known as media ecology (Nystrom, 1973; Postman, 1970; Lum, 2005; Strate, 2006, 2011). The first thing to be said about the medium is the message is that it is a warning and a wake-up call. It is a plea to pay attention, for as McLuhan insists in The Medium is the Massage, "there is absolutely no inevitability as long as there is a willingness to RAZON Y PALABRA Primera Revista Electronica en America Latina Especializada en Comunicacion www.razonypalabra.org.mx


Main disadvantages of the Barany's rotation test are the non-physiologic stimulus and the discomfort felt by the subject as an inevitably accompanying phenomenon. The author's objective was to reduce the discomfort on the part of the subject by using horizontal pendular rotation instead of the strong continuous rotation in the same direction. Unlike the ordinary rotation tests as represented by Barany test, the pendular rotation test reflects the labyrinthine function faithfully with minimal autonomic reactions.


As described in Section 1.5.4, there are two operating modes for dispersionelement-based hyperspectral imagers: whisk-broom and push-broom. A pushbroom hyperspectral imager is a desirable form for Earth observations from space because it can achieve a higher SNR than its whisk-broom counterpart. This is because a push-broom hyperspectral imager does not need to scan ground samples individually in a cross-track line, and thus it has longer integration time to sense each ground sample and collect more photons. However, it carries the penalty of increased correction (another calibration task) difficulty. In a whisk-broom hyperspectral imager, all ground samples have their spectra recorded by a single linear detector array, one after another, whereas a push-broom hyperspectral imager, with a typical 1000 ground samples in a cross-track line, effectively has 1000 different linear arrays or spectrometers in need of calibration.


Security policy is the base of system security management.It is difficult to eliminate policy conflict in the distribution system because of its complexity.Therefore,conflict detection and elimination of policy is the key to realize policy-based system defense.This paper proposed a general formal description of policy,defined the logic relationship among the policy's elements,and classified the conflicts of policy,then discussed some conflict detection and elimination methods corresponding to the conflicts.


Poverty reduction has been one of the most important goals of economic and social development in various policies of government. Although some dimension of poverty such as education, health care, gender quality have been proved remarkably in Iran but poverty reduction has a most goal of government been yet. In Iran poverty still exists and seems difficult to be eradicated although the Iranian government has improved it's trying to solve the problem. Therefore in this study attempts to find the relationship between government spending and poverty rate in Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran by examining effects of the budget expenditure in 1978 to 2008 years on poverty reduction. Furthermore this study has investigated income distribution of 420 household in Sistan and Baluchestan region in 2010 and estimated government expenditure impacts on poverty reduction by using of Autoregressive Distributeded Lag (ARDL) technique. As shown in the results, constructive expenditures have positive effect on poverty reduction.


Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L. Roxb.), belongs to cucurbitaceous family, popularly known as "Kalitori" and in kannada it is called Heere kayi and also called as angled gourd, angled loofah, Chinese okra, silky gourd and ribbed gourd. The production of ridge gourd is influenced by several abiotic and biotic factors like diseases and insect pests. Many insects viz., red pumpkin beetles, epilachna beetle, leaf miner and melon fruit fly are the major constraints in the successful production of ridge gourd, especially the leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is the major limiting factor in obtaining high yield1. L. trifolii (Burgess) is pre dominant and geographically distributed in all the ridge gourd growing locations of Karnataka. L. trifolii (Burgess) is one of the 12 species under Agromyzidae, truely polyphagous, whose larvae feed on economically important crops and destructive to ridge gourd, tomato, melon, cucumber, lettuce etc. The adult female cause damage by repeated insertion of sclerotized ovipositor and young larvae feed on leaves by making mines like serpentine. The extended of losses varies between 30 to 100 percent depending on the cucurbit species and season2. The genotypes of ridge gourds also vary in defence strategy against leaf miner infestation. Although this insect has assumed pest status, so far proper work has not been carried out in India except3 who reported its biology, host plants and effect of SCREENING OF RIDGE GOURD GENOTYPES AGAINST THE SERPENTINE LEAF MINER, LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYGIDAE) Sanjiv Duradundi*, J. Jayappa, Siddartha, D. and Chetan Nandi *Dept. of Entomology, College of Horticulture, Udyanagiri, UHS, Bagalkot 587 104 (Karnataka), India. [Corresponding author* email: email@example.com ]


An experimental study was carried out in order to investigate the contribution of basal and nonbasal dislocations (forest dislocations) to the early stage of the basal slip in 99.999% pure zinc single crystals compressed at room temperature. The relation between the basal shear stress and the shear strain was plotted and the increase in dislocation density during deformation was observed by means of the etch pit technique. The initial dislocation etch pit densities of the specimens used were


Jackie Kay's work has always exhibited a sensitivity to rhythm, choral repetition and incantation which she herself has linked to Scottish ballads, folk-songs and the traditions of publicly recited verse, and to the African American jazz and blues. Her unique position in relation to a debate about the use of Scots language and idiom in poetry, and a black Atlantic performative tradition raises some important and pressing issues about canonization and language, particularly as they relate to gender and cultural identity. In this Kay's writing may be thought of a `literature for our times'. This paper will explore the rhetorical and antiphonal aspects of Kay's writing by linking them to the debates about the use of Scots language, with reference to notable practioners from Robert Burns to Tom Leonard. The paper will ask, with an ear and eye for her transatlantic black Atlantic links, how is place connected writing in Kay's poetic output? How do we teach her work? What are the terms of her inclusion within a Scots canon of literature, and, given her ambivalences about cultural identity, what is the effect of her inclusion within the hitherto narrow parameters on which such a canon – or cultural identity - has been previously constructed.


Most scholars believe that the China's reportages began in the New Culture Movement,although starting later than in the West,there was domestic emergence of a number of excellent works of reportage on Chinese New Democratic Revolution,such as Zhou Enlai's Communications in Europe and Qu Qiubai's Red Capital,Starving Country and Records,which are the pioneer works of China's reportage history;and the vivid reproductions of the Red Army—Fan Changjiang's China's Northwest Corner and Frontier Line;a true record of anti-Japanese war—Xie Bingying's War Diary and so on.Either foreign or domestic situation as a theme writing,and the reason why these outstanding works of reportage popular,widely circulated is that they were from the reporter's hands.Reporters in the war of the smoke dept into the realities and recorded the real life,so the works are more directly to the people of the effect which are with the soul and given the most real emotions.


This article introduces Professor Zhao Heping's clinical experience in the differentiation and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.It is argued that ankylosing spondylitis is of deficiency in root and excess in branch,specifically deficiency in kidney and governor vessel,excess in exogenous wind,cold,dampness and heat,endogenous phlegm and blood-stasis;in acute stage,its treatment aims to dispel wind and cold,clear heat and disinhibit dampness,resolve phlegm and blood-stasis;in remission stage,its treatment aims to invigorate kidney and governor vessel;three common patterns are presented for clinical application.One proven case is presented.


In this paper,the mathematical models under starting up with blend driving modes of the Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles(PHEV) power split unit are constructed.A further HEV model on the basis of Matlab/Simulink is used to simulate the speed,power assign and torque output characteristic curve for various situation.The simulation results indicate that this device can achieve the objectives of low oil consumption,low exhaustion and energy saving,whereby providing the references for studying the optimization of PHEV power match and whole vehicle control.


In this paper we study the elasticity problem of a cylindrically- anisotropic, elastic medium bounded by two axisymmetric cylindrical surfaces subjected to normal pressures (plane-strain). The material of the structure is ortbotropic with cylindrical anisotropy and, in addition, is continuously inhomogeneous with mechanical properties varying along the radius. General solutions in terms of Whittaker functions are presented. The results obtained by St. Venant for a homogeneous cylindrically-anisotropic medium can be deduced from the general solutions. Problems of the type covered in this paper are encountered in nuclear reactor design.


Dye mixtures containing at least one compound of formula (I) (see formula) as free acid or in salt form and at least one compound according to formula (II) and / or formula (III) and / or formula (IV) and / or formula (V) wherein the compounds of formulas (II) mean (see formula) wherein R7 and R?7 signify independently from each other H or halogen, R 8 - OH or NR16R17, wherein R16 signifies H; C1 - 4 unsubstituted; C1 - 4 alkyl; phenyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, R17 means C1 - 4 unsubstituted; C1 - 4 alkyl; phenyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, R9 is O or NR17, where R17 has the same meaning as defined above, R10 and R?10 means independently of each other H; halogen; C1 - 2 unsubstituted and -NO2, R11 signifies -SO3H or -COOH, R12 signifies H or halogen, R13 signifies H; -SO3H or halogen R14 signifies H or halogen, R15 signifies H or halogen, wherein the compounds of formulas (III) mean (See formula)


Abstract In the present paper, a class of Schrödinger equations is investigated, which can be stated as −Δu+V(x)u=f(u),    x∈ℝN. - \Delta u + V(x)u = f(u),\;\;\;\;x \in {{\rm{\mathbb R}}^N}. If the external potential V is radial and coercive, then we give the local Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz super-linear condition on the nonlinearity term f ∈ C(ℝ, ℝ) which assures the problem has not only infinitely many radial sign-changing solutions, but also infinitely many non-radial sign-changing solutions.


A new analytical method is developed for transient solutions for bars in longitudinal vibration, shafts in torsional vibration and strings in transverse vibration. These vibrating continua have nonuniform distributions of geometric and material properties, and are governed by second-order partial differential equations (wave equations). Based on a transfer function formulation and a residue formula, the proposed method delivers exact solutions for several types of nonuniform systems subject to external, boundary and initial disturbances. The proposed method does not need system eigenfunctions, and is numerically efficient as it only involves simple operations of two-by-two matrices.


The Zn and B adsorption data clearly shows that the soils not only vary in their capacity to retain Zn and B but also in the energy with which they adsorb it. These two factors affect the ability of a soil to release Zn and B and to maintain supply in the soil solution. The rate of adsorption Zn and B study indicate that the equilibrium period of 24 h was sufficient to study the Zn and B adsorption characteristics of soils. The Elovichian model best described the kinetics of Zn and B adsorption by these soils. Though adsorption of Zn and B confirmed to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, the fit was excellent with Langmuir adsorption isotherm for Zn and Freundlich adsorption isotherm for B. Clay, OM, CEC of the soils were significantly correlated with K values of Freundlich equation for B adsorption, b values of Langmuir equation for Zn adsorption. Removal of either OM or CaCO, reduced the adsorption capacity of B in the soils of Tamil Nadu. The study on the adsorption of Zn indicates that removal of OM, addition of P reduced the adsorption capacity as well as energy of its adsorption. P fertilization reduced the Zn requirement for optimum plant growth in soils of Tamil Nadu.


It is a top priority for technical and vocational education to develop the sustainable development potentials of application-oriented professionals.Five aspects should be dealt with in this endeavor: stressing the importance of life en. lightenments in technical and vocational education,optimizing and integrating specialties setup;making great efforts in strengthening the core competence for career development;forming complete cultivation system for application-oriented pro. fessionals;creating a favorable environment for technical and vocational education.


Abstract : This report documents the studies, testing, analyses, and development of mechanical properties of high temperature polymers for use in the design of laminated windshields and canopies for supersonic aircraft. Testing and data reduction were directed toward establishment of design allowables for polymers similar to MIL-HDBK-5B values for metals. Tests were conducted and design mechanical properties determined for static and bird impact loading conditions at the operating temperature extremes of a supersonic aircraft.


With the development of the molecular biology people research the pathogenesis of chronic functional constipation from different aspects,including enteric nervous system(ENS),neurotransmitter,interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC),aquaporins,gastrointestinal hormone and free radical. So constipation animal model is very necessary in the experimental research of chronic functional constipation. This article sums up the animal model establishment of constipation and research of the pathogenesis and then points out the problems and the developmental trend in future.


Aim To study which weight estimate calculation used in paediatric resuscitation results in optimal drug dosing, the calculations comprising of the three new Advanced Paediatric and Life Support (APLS) age based formulae or the UK Resuscitation Council age based formula. Method Commonly used drugs used in paediatric resuscitation were selected and a literature search conducted for each drug's pharmacokinetic properties, concentrating on the volume of distribution derived from its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and their relationship to body composition. Estimates of Actual Body Weight (ABW) to Ideal Body Weight (IBW) compared and, ABW estimates were calculated using both UK Resuscitation Council and APLS formulae. Hydrophobic drugs have a higher volume of distribution than hydrophilic drugs as they distribute preferentially to Fat Mass (FM). The larger the volume of distribution, the higher the initial dose required to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations. ABW estimates are a good indicator of volume of distribution for hydrophobic drugs as it correlates well with FM. IBW estimates may be a better indicator of volume of distribution than ABW for hydrophilic drugs, as it correlates better with Lean Body Mass. This highlights potential variation between ABW and IBW which may result in toxic or sub-therapeutic dosing. Abstract G303(P) Table 1 Hydrophilic Amphiphilic Hydrophobic Adrenaline Amiodarone Atropine Sodium Bicarbonate Verapamil Calcium Gluconate Lidocaine Isoprenaline Diazepam Flecanide Midazolam Adenosine Lorazepam Salbutamol Phenytoin Magnesium Sulphate Thiopentone Aminophylline Benzyl penicillin Ceftriaxone Paracetamol Sodium Nitroprusside Prednisolone Morphine Hydrocortisone Suxamethonium Dexamethasone Chlorpheniramine Ketamine Mannitol Furosemide Labetalol Epoprostenol Digoxin Results The new APLS formulae, gives higher estimates of expected weight for a wider age range. This may be a more accurate reflection of ABW, than the UK Resuscitation Council, due to an increasing prevalence of obesity in children. The UK Resuscitation Council's formula appears to result in a lower estimate of weight, which may relate more closely to IBW than ABW. Abstract G303(P) Figure 1 Abstract G303(P) Table 2 Age UK Resuscitation CouncilWeight (kg) = 2 × (age in years + 4)(For ages 1 year-10 years) APLS formulae1-12 months Weight (kg) = (0.5 × age in months) + 41-5 years Weight (kg) = (2 × age in years) + 86-12 years Weight (kg) = (3 × age in years) + 7(For ages 1 month-12 year) 1 months - 4.5 6 months - 7 11 months - 9.5 1 year 10 10 2 years 12 12 3 years 14 14 4 years 16 16 5 years 18 18 6 years 20 25 7 years 22 28 8 years 24 31 9 years 26 34 10 years 28 37 11 years - 40 12 years - 43 Conclusion The main drugs used in paediatric resuscitation are hydrophilic, thus the APLS formulae may result in too much being given. Therefore the UK Resuscitation Council's single formula may be preferred. In addition the single formula is simple and easy to remember so may minimise error in the context of a child of unknown weight that requires administration of emergency resuscitation drugs.


We consider blowups at a general point of weighted projective planes and, more generally, of toric surfaces with Picard number 1. We give a unifying construction of negative curves on these blowups such that all previously known families appear as boundary cases of this. The classification consists of two classes of said curves, each depending on two parameters. Every curve in these two classes is algebraically related to other curves in both classes; this allows us to find their defining equations inductively. For each curve in our classification, we consider a family of blowups in which the curve defines an extremal class in the effective cone. We give a complete classification of these blowups into Mori Dream Spaces (MDS) and non‐MDS. Our approach greatly simplifies previous proofs, avoiding positive characteristic methods and higher cohomology.


Since December 31 2019, the disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since the first cases of the virus were reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, the Georgian government has taken steps to prevent the spread of the virus and to meet high standards of economic security, while reducing the negative impact of the virus and supporting the private sector and citizens. The current situation has affected both a large part of the country's citizens and companies.
A balance needs to be struck between ensuring people's lives and health and reducing the negative impact on the economy. It is noteworthy that the state has taken and continues to take measures to alleviate the negative processes caused by the pandemic, even in the face of constraints. It is especially important to cover as many people and businesses as possible with the limited resources.
The issue of introduction of electronic technologies in public administration has become particularly relevant. "E-Government" allows citizens to receive a variety of services they need without leaving home (for example, the activities of the Service Agency in the field of public service delivery). It should be noted that the rapid development of information technology in public administration is an important factor in our time, especially under the influence of the coronavirus.
The first twenty years of the XXI century are a period of radical transformation in the world, and the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has further accelerated change in many directions. Traditional views on economic, political and cultural values have changed. The rapid development of information technologies in connection with the globalization of the world economy has become a kind of catalyst for these changes.
Currently, a new "e-government", "electronic technologies" is being laid in the world. The development of information technology has made possible the fundamental changes in the technology of production of commercial operations established over the centuries. In this regard, the "e-government" is noteworthy, which leads to changes in the development of the country's social Field. This involves a number of measures. Its main goals are to create technological guidelines for the formation of civil society, as well as to introduce and disseminate information technologies to increase the efficiency of public administration.
The crisis caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) since 2020 has posed new challenges to Georgia as well as the rest of the world. The pandemic has affected all areas of public life. Therefore, the main goal for the construction of a developed European state at this stage was to overcome the pandemic crisis, rapid economic recovery and development, to create a stable and secure environment for every citizen.
Public confidence in the political system increases the legitimacy of government
when governance, in particular the delivery of public services, is effective, public figures are accessible to citizens, and government agencies and departments work together in a coordinated and consistent manner.
As we have mentioned, the coronavirus pandemic has posed new problems to almost every country in the world, including Georgia and its economy. However, the pandemic has created new opportunities and prospects for development.. The economic policy of the country in the coming years should be based on the principles of the free market.
Today, one of the priorities of the government in Georgia should be the development of E-Government, which also includes increasing access to E-Services. It is important, on the one hand, to digitize internal processes in public agencies for greater efficiency and to further refine and expand remote services to increase accessibility and efficiency, and, on the other hand, to provide simplified, customer-oriented and quality E-Government services for citizens and businesses.
When we talk about the challenges of public administration in terms of the spread of the coronavirus, we think, it should be noted:
In order to develop remote services, it needs to be developed Electronic archive service of the National Archives and new catalogs.
Issues related to the establishment and activities of legal entities under public law should be regulated by law and in order to categorize existing legal entities under public law, their functional analysis should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the legislation.
Improve the system of distribution and management of public finances in order to strengthen accountability and responsibility; Also set standards for reporting on the implementation of programs and projects implemented during the year, as well as their publication and presentation to the public at both central and local levels.
The present article discusses the current issues of public administration challenges in the context of the spread of coronavirus.


The lack of homogeneity in description elements and description method leads to video information sharing and management in the relative video application and management system for more management departments at all levels hampered. Based on the relevant metadata standards and the metadata technique, we put forward the railway video metadata specification, which consisted of mandatory elements, optional elements and extension elements, and the feasible method of key-frame and time- point. Then we apply the metadata specification in video monitoring system for Qinghai-Tibet railway. In this system, combined and matched the real-time video capture with the existing cataloging video, the video information is described accurately and displayed immediately. These works lay the foundation for building a normative video information management system and establish norms of video metadata cataloging to meet individual application requirements, improving the resource efficiency of the national railway video.


Monographic essay on the artist Said Adrus for an exhibition marking the centenary of World War One, and specifically a video 'Lost Pavillion' (2006) deploying found archival footage of Indian soldiers convalescing in Brighton Pavillion during the War. The text sets out a contextual analysis of the forgotten contribution of Indian soldiers to the British army in the battlefields of France, and the consequences for mourning this forgotten loss, specifically the burial grounds of Muslim soldiers in Britain photographed by Adrus and his own family's historic contributions to this war, as an Indian African in Kenya. The text draws out the entangled nature of Indian Africans and their absence from key exhibitions such as Okwui Enwezor's 'The Short Century'.


The gradual reintroduction of translation into the foreign language classroom in the last few decades has generated considerable interest among teachers and scholars. A renewed focus on translation...


The provincial architect Emilio M.a Rodriguez designed a considerable number of public works and civil architectural projects in villages situated at the province of Caceres (Spain) in the last decades of the 19th century and the first one of the 20th century. These projects were designed according to modern standards of transport infraestructures, hygiene and architecture.


The invention relates to the field of trade, namely to the vending machines. Vending machine magazine and book products comprises a housing, an aluminum composite outside wheel, the front panel which are secured cabinet, the outer door and the tray for dispensing the product. Showcase made of bulletproof glass, inserted into an aluminum profile. In the window are shelves for placement of samples sold magazines and books, sealed inside plastic covers. On the outside of the door, made of aluminum composite, there are: the selection item buttons, bill validator, coin acceptor, with the display line information and the tray for dispensing change. Inside the case includes: a vertical row for product placement, divided into cells restrictive strips, the guide box and controls. Each cell is provided within the ejector mechanism. Ejecting mechanism of each cell consists of a fixed metal platform, on the sides of which there is a chain transmission, in which, across the width of the platform is secured a pusher designed as a metal plate, and a motor designed for a signal from the control elements drive the plunger movement via chain transmission. The platform is designed to accommodate a stack of directly selling journal-book products. The guide box is necessary for the object movement, coming from the platform in the tray for dispensing the product. The control elements comprise a controller having a capability of modem connection to the data center of the serving station to transmit a request for the timely replenishment magazines and report faults occurring in the machine. The technical result - reliable and secure delivery of magazine and book production. 7 NRM f ly-4-yl.


The lifetime of PV modules is reduced due to a variety of degradation modes. Failure modes that contribute significantly to PV module output power losses include snail trails, hotspots, micro cracks, bubbles or delamination, and dust accumulation. The correlations between these phenomena, like those between corrosive environment and potential-induced breakdown, are not well understood. As a result, in this review, we will try to explain the relationship between snail trails, hotspots, microcracks, bubbles or delamination, and dust accumulation on photovoltaic module components in order to ensure the PV modules' reliability. This paper in the Photovoltaic literature gives an overview of several Maximum Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been recently designed, simulated and/or experimentally validated. The main objective of every MPPT technology is to maximize the output of a photovoltaic array with shade or unshade conditions. The characteristics presented in this paper are unique, and they provide researchers with a starting point for choosing and implementing an appropriate MPPT technique.


The efforts of cadre forming of Muhammadiyah are conducted through three paths, they are: 1) the path of Muhammadiyah education that is through special schools of cadre such as Muallimin, Muallimat, and public Muhammadiyah schools which are alternative education, and pondok pesantren (Islamic boarding school) education which is limited, 2) the informal path in family, where the family of Muhammadiyah educate their children as future cadres of Muhammadiyah, and 3) special progran of MPK along with autonomous organizations of Muhammadiyah which last for long time according to the existence of its institution.
This research aims at knowing: 1) the system of cadre schools in Pondok Shabran and PUTM in 2016 as a part of System of Muhammadiyah cadre forming, 2) the system components of cadre forming within Pondok Shabran and PUTM, 3) the similarities and the differences of system of cadre schools in Pondok Shabran dan PUTM.
Viewed from the location aspect, this research is a field research. Viewed from the perspective and the level of problem discussion, this research is a descriptive research. Viewed from the type, this research is called a Comparative Study. The techniques of data collection used in this research are interview and document collection.
Analysis conducted in the qualitative research is more descriptive-analytical that means that the interpretation on the content is made and arranged comprehensively and systematically. The data analysis was conducted inductively.
The results of the research have revealed that: 1) Pondok Shabran and PUTM are A Functional Cadre Forming of Muhammadiyah in the part of Cadre School in the level of Muhammadiyah university that have special criteria and purposes as well as being programmed officially as the place of cadre education as conveyed on the book "Sistem Perkaderan Muhammadiyah". 2) The System Components of Cadre School of Pondok Shabran and PUTM consist of: vision, mission, and objectives, new students enrollment, educational program and curriculum, Pondok coaching, infraction and sanction, students, lecturers, facilities, and evaluation. 3) Pondok Shabran and PTUM are similar as Pondok of cadre in creating cadres of tarjih and tablig in Muhammadiyah, nevertheless, there are so many significant differences either in the concept or in the implementation.
PUTM will give birth to scholars who are competent in the field of Tablig and particularly Tarjih in Muhammadiyah, as well as with Pondok Shabran which will give birth to the majority of scholars who are competent in the field of Tarjih and Tablig in Muhammadiyah and has other skills that they get in the organization and other activities outside campus.

Keywords: System of Muhammadiyah Cadre Forming, Cadre School, Pondok Shabran, PUTM


Allenes bearing a nucleophile are fruitful building blocks for heterocyclization reactions, providing a wide number of differently substituted heterocyclic structures. In particular, domino processes involving interor intra-intramolecular sequences are good tools to access substitutedor bicyclic heterocycles in a single step. Among the methods of the activation of the allenic moiety, palladium catalysis typically occupies a pivotal role. Progress in the field of carbopalladation/cyclization reactions by C-N, C-O or C-C bond formation to allenes under palladium catalysis is focused in this review.


Fabric utility parameters most often depend on its mechanical properties. The most important strength parameters include unidirectional tensile strength, tear strength and elasticity properties. In this work we describe in detail the problem of tear strength, appropriate measurement methods and the correlation relationships between the results obtained by different tear methods. The measurements of tear strength were carried out for a chosen group of protective textiles. In addition, the unidirectional tensile strength was measured for the group of textiles mentioned above, and the correlation coefficients between the tensile strength and tear strength were calculated by different methods.


Abstract Post-colonial interactions between indigenous groups in Amazonia have intrigued observers since contact was established between non-indigenous Brazilians and first-nation peoples. Exchanges between different ethnic groups were largely referred to en passant or in an anecdotal manner. Yet an expanding literature dealing with the dynamics of interethnic contact can now help assess the historical precedents and sociolinguistic features between different indigenous communities. In this article we explore the contact history of the Awá-Guajá of eastern Amazonia, and the sociolinguistic variation that developed between their different communities and neighboring indigenous groups. The Awá-Guajá came into permanent contact with Brazilian mainstream society in 1973 and were settled into four communities by Brazil's Indian Service. They are Tupí-Guaraní speakers and can converse with other members of this language family, namely, the Ka'apor and Tenetehara. This interaction reveals linguistic affinities and a distinct historical engagement between these groups. Loan words and dialects developed from these relationships, and each group was also influenced by the enveloping machinations of mainstream society. The Awá-Guajá defer to the Ka'apor and Tenetehara yet keep a guarded distance from them, exposing an interesting dynamic that remits us to power relations, historical ecology, and the looming influence of the Brazilian state.


The view of Professor T. Inglis Moore that Shaw Neilson is a true Celt is seen in his book 'Six Australian Poets' is discussed, with references to Neilson's poetry.


Most elementary school arithmetic curricula introduce children to the language of number sentences and to the solution of open sentences early in their study of mathematics. Number sentences represent a major component of the language of mathematics, and some command of addition and subtraction sentences serves a useful purpose even at the first-grade level. True comprehension of these sentences, such as is shown in the ability to solve open sentences, is essential to an understanding of the basic operations of addition and subtraction. Consider, for example, addition sentences having a missing addend. Learning to work with such sentences can be an important means of helping pupils attain an understanding of subtraction and of making them aware of the inverse relationship between the two operations. Various types of open sentences are useful also for modelling and solving many story problems. In addition, it may be said that pupils do not have a true understanding of the equals sign and of equations until they have shown some mastery of open sentences. In view of the importance of this general topic and of the difficulties that many pupils have in solving open sentences, it would appear to be essential that teachers have as much information as possible concerning pupils' difficulties and the factors that might help to explain them.


This study aims to determine and analyze the factors that affect the absorption of labor in Central Java. The type of data in this study uses time series and secondary data with the study period from 1997 to 2021. The estimation method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) which is able to show long-term and short-term effects. The results show that in the long term the variables of the provincial minimum wage, domestic investment, and foreign investment together have a significant and significant effect on employment. Meanwhile, in the short term, only domestic investment variables are influential and significant with a probability value of 0.0418 with a confidence level of 0.05. This situation indicates that in the short term changes in the value of domestic investment will have a positive effect on employment.


strgroup matches similar strings together. This can be useful when merging data that contain typos. For example, "widgets" will not merge with "widgetts" because the strings are not identical. strgroup provides a way to match strings in an objective and automated manner.


We present in this work a universal, character-based method for representing sentences so that one can thereby calculate the distance between any two sentence pair. With a small alphabet, it can function as a proxy of phonemes, and as one of its main uses, we carry out dialect clustering: cluster a dialect/sub-language mixed corpus into sub-groups and see if they coincide with the conventional boundaries of dialects and sub-languages. By using data with multiple Japanese dialects and multiple Slavic languages, we report how well each group clusters, in a manner to partially respond to the question of what separates languages from dialects.


Using the two-dimensional computer code NERAT-2D, a computational analysis of experimental data on the ignition of a hydrogen jet in a concurrent flow of moist air has been performed. For a numerical study, experimental data were selected [Burrows M.C., Kurkov A.P.] An analytical and experimental study of supersonic combustion of hydrogen in the vitiated air stream. AIAA J. 1973. No.11. Pp. 1217–1218], which have been used for several decades to validate computer codes and physicochemical models of hydrogen combustion in air. Used computer code NERAT-2D implements the numerical integration of two-dimensional Na-vier − Stokes equations on structured multi-block grids. The problem is solved on a sequence of calculation grids without and using Reynolds averaging. The 8-reaction kinetic Evans − Schexnayder model of combustion of molecular hydrogen in hot humid air was used. It is shown that on relatively coarse computational grids, the calculated limit of ignition of a hydrogen jet in an airflow significantly exceeds that measured in the experiment. On detailed computational grids, an unsteady motion of an ignitable hydrogen jet is observed, and the ignition boundary corresponds with good accuracy to the experimental one. As an appendix to the article, a number of animation files are presented that illustrate the unsteady combustion of a hydrogen jet in a co-currents flow of moist air.


Ab st ract . Aesthetic experience and mystical experience are similar in three stages of development. The first is to focus attention on detail. The artist does this in relation to the used element of the surrounding reality by bringing out something special in it, while the mystic seeks God's footprints in the natural world. In the second stage, the artist pushes away what distracts him, and he also frees himself from artistic conventions to create his intended work in an original way. In turn, the mystic cleanses himself of his weaknesses and attachment to the world. In the third stage, the artist can contemplate his work, and the mystic is able to experience the presence of God. The artist's temporary satisfaction passes. And in its place there is a sense of inadequacy between the intended idea and its inefficient implementation in a limited form. On the other hand, the mystic, after a moment's experience of God's presence, is aware that the object of his desire exceeds the limits of all possibilities of knowledge. Beauty and God ap-pear as the two names of the One.


This study carried out in 2002, aimed at identifying the socio-economic factors influencing the harvesting of Eembe (Berchemia discolor) wild fruits by communal households in the Ohangwena region, in Namibia. Data for this study was generated from a sample survey of 83 communal households from the Oipya, Onengali and Eengava communities in the western part of the Ohangwena Region. Based on the results of the survey, it is estimated that Eembe and its related by-products contributed 7.29% to household income. Using logistic regression analysis, it was found that Eembe wild fruit harvesting was negatively associated with higher levels of offfarm income. This suggests that Eembe wild fruit harvesting is likely to be more common among households with low off-farm income than those with higher off-farm income. This implies that households with lower off-farm income and potentially food insecure are more likely to participate in wild fruit harvesting for survival reasons, such as to get food supplements and for income generation. The results confirm findings from similar studies conducted elsewhere that rural households engage in harvesting wild fruits and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a survival mechanism. However, this study revealed that the income earned from Eembe and its related activities was meagre. The policy implications are that strategies aimed at improving rural livelihoods should consider introducing high income generating activities as alternatives to harvesting low value veld products like Eembe wild fruits in the study region.


The conversion of a tol III Escherichia coli mutant, tolerant to colicins E2, E3, la and K, into protoplast‐like stable L‐form makes it sensitive to colicins E2, la and K. Its original sensitivity to colicin El and tolerance to E3 are preserved in this cell form. Thus, rods of this mutant are not truly tolerant to colicins E2, la and K, but "pseudotolerant": their wall receptors have been turned out to "nonlethal" ones by the mutation in question.


The paper proposed a new coordinated control framework and algorithm used for relieving traffic congestion in the scope of exit-ramp of the expressway and its downstream intersection. The queue of auxiliary convergence road is selected as monitoring variable in the coordinated control algorithm, and downstream intersection cycle, split and auxiliary road green time are calculated. The control variables small-step adjustment algorithm is presented. The throughput flow duration of exit-ramp by the coordinated control strategy decreases at least 10% than by the fixed control algorithm. Combined with road network delay data, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the coordinated control algorithm.


For some companies, investment activity is an important element of the company's operations and the assessment of the company's performance may be largely, or entirely dependent on the results reported in this section. The purpose of the study was to determine and analyze the effect of investment opportunity sets (IOS) and Corporate Governance mechanisms on the value of property companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the 2018-2020 period. This study used 24 property sector companies for the period 2018 and 2020. The results showed that the Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) had no effect on the value of the company. This is evidenced by a significance value of .032 and a calculated t value of 1.001. Meanwhile, the significance level is smaller than the established significance level of 0.319 0.05. Therefore, the second hypothesis is not accepted because there is no positive effect of the Investment Opportunity Set on the value of the company. The Corporate Governance mechanism has no effect on the value of the company. This is evidenced by a significance value of 0.012 and a calculated t value of 0.712. Meanwhile, the significance level is smaller than the established significance level of 0.478 0.05.  Therefore, the second hypothesis is not accepted because there is no potitive influence of institutional ownership on the value of the company.


Ultraviolet got features of high frequency, high single photon energy and particle character. These features limited its application in many fields. On the other hand, it got some characters which visible light and infrared do not have. As the greatest military power of the world, United States have put much effort in the research of application of ultraviolet in military engineering. This paper gave a summary of some 100 papers published in US and introduced the research made by US in the field of ultraviolet technology.


Purpose – To analyze the role of construction site supervisors, including foremen and general foremen, as front‐line managers. The role is treated as a critical labor function and a source of value‐added for construction management.Design/methodology/approach – An original model based on the labor competency management framework is proposed for training, developing and certifying construction supervisors in Chile and other developing countries. This model was developed from the findings of a case study in which the competency framework was applied to a specific construction company.Findings – This case study has demonstrated the significant potential of the competency framework for the Chilean construction sector, with its underdeveloped human resources management methods. In particular, this framework can be an effective approach to achieving the competencies required by construction site supervisors who must deal with inadequately trained workers, as is the case in many developing countries. The structu...


Significance Inflammation and immunosuppression are dominant features of cancer progression. In the tumor microenvironment, macrophages produce interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which subsequently recruits myeloid cells from the bone marrow. In mice deficient in IL-1β or in wild-type mice treated with anti–IL-1β Abs, implanted breast cancer tumors regress. Regression is due to decreased tumor-related immunosuppression, meditated mainly by macrophages, and increased antitumor immunity, mediated by elevated dendritic cell function and activated cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes. Although anti–PD-1 reduces tumor growth, the combination of anti–IL-1β plus anti–PD-1 abrogated the tumors completely. These observations support clinical trials of blocking IL-1β in cancer and that anti–IL-1β is a checkpoint inhibitor. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, where this cytokine can promote tumor growth, but also antitumor activities. We studied IL-1β during early tumor progression using a model of orthotopically introduced 4T1 breast cancer cells. Whereas there is tumor progression and spontaneous metastasis in wild-type (WT) mice, in IL-1β–deficient mice, tumors begin to grow but subsequently regress. This change is due to recruitment and differentiation of inflammatory monocytes in the tumor microenvironment. In WT mice, macrophages heavily infiltrate tumors, but in IL-1β–deficient mice, low levels of the chemokine CCL2 hamper recruitment of monocytes and, together with low levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), inhibit their differentiation into macrophages. The low levels of macrophages in IL-1β–deficient mice result in a relatively high percentage of CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumors. In WT mice, IL-10 secretion from macrophages is dominant and induces immunosuppression and tumor progression; in contrast, in IL-1β–deficient mice, IL-12 secretion by CD11b+ DCs prevails and supports antitumor immunity. The antitumor immunity in IL-1β–deficient mice includes activated CD8+ lymphocytes expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B; these cells infiltrate tumors and induce regression. WT mice with 4T1 tumors were treated with either anti–IL-1β or anti–PD-1 Abs, each of which resulted in partial growth inhibition. However, treating mice first with anti–IL-1β Abs followed by anti–PD-1 Abs completely abrogated tumor progression. These data define microenvironmental IL-1β as a master cytokine in tumor progression. In addition to reducing tumor progression, blocking IL-1β facilitates checkpoint inhibition.


The results of experimental investigation of tuning of magnetostatic film resonator Q-factor in composite planar ferrite/ piezoelectric structure with applied voltage are presented. On the basis of both static (transition to saturation state field) and dynamic (magnetostatic resonance frequency) properties of ferrite component, a mechanism of this effect, that qualitatively explains obtained results, was suggested.