Type IIn supernovae occur when stellar explosions are surrounded by dense hydrogen-rich circumstellar matter. The dense circumstellar matter is likely formed by extreme mass loss from their progenitors shortly before they explode. The nature of Type IIn supernova progenitors and the mass-loss mechanism forming the dense circumstellar matter are still unknown. In this work, we investigate if there are any correlations between Type IIn supernova properties and their local environments. We use Type IIn supernovae with well-observed light-curves and host-galaxy integral field spectroscopic data so that we can estimate both supernova and environmental properties. We find that Type IIn supernovae with a higher peak luminosity tend to occur in environments with lower metallicity and/or younger stellar populations. The circumstellar matter density around Type IIn supernovae is not significantly correlated with metallicity, so the mass-loss mechanism forming the dense circumstellar matter around Type IIn supernovae might be insensitive to metallicity.


I n an earlier paper (2), the authors have given two nomographs for the prediction of minimum and maximum semifluidization velocities. While it is necessary to know the velocity at which semi-fluidization begins (the first particle of the bed touches the top retraint) and also the velocity at which all the particles are transferred to the packed bed below the top screen, it is also necessary to know the variation of the height of the top packed bed with the change in velocity of the fluid, the two limits of the velocity being the onset of semi-fluidization velocity and the maximum semi-fluidization velocity. The values of fluid velocity in between the two extreme limits (the onset and the maximum) are termed as semi-fluidization velocities which, along with other system variables, also depend on the particle oncentrations in the two sections of the bed. A glance into literature reveals scanty informations in this aspect. Based on their experimental data, Roy and Sarma have given the following correlation for the prediction of semi-fluidization velocity of irregular particles in liquidsolid systems from a knowledge of the properties of the system and the solid and fluid properties (3). The proposed correlation is


The third-order analytical solution for orbital motion around the non-collinear equilibrium points (EPs) of a contact binary asteroid is constructed in this paper. A contact binary asteroid is an asteroid consisting of two lobes that are in physical contact. It is represented by the combination of an ellipsoid and a sphere. The gravity field of the ellipsoid is approximated by a spherical harmonic expansion with terms and , and the sphere by a straightforward point mass model. The non-collinear EPs are linearly stable for the asteroids with slow rotation rates, and become unstable as the rotation rates goes up. To study the motion around the stable EPs, a third-order analytical solution is constructed, by the Lindstedt-Poincare (LP) method. A good agreement is found between this analytical solution and numerical integrations for the motion in the vicinity of the stable EPs. Its accuracy decreases when the orbit goes further away from the EPs and the asteroid rotates faster.


Introduction: Glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone whose receptor expression (GcgR) has been detected in the lungs, but little is known about the effects of this hormone on this organ. In this work, we investigated the effect of glucagon on smooth muscle contraction and airway inflammation in murine models of ALI/ARDS and asthma. Methods: The effect of glucagon (0.1 or 1 \03BCM) on the contraction of trachea induced by carbachol was measured in an isolated organ system. Some tracheas received glucagon receptor antagonist (des-His1- [Glu9] -glucagon-amide, 1 \03BCM) or adenylate cyclase (AC) (SQ 22,536; 5 \03BCM), NOS (L-NAME, 100 \03BCM), COX-1 (SC-560; 1\03BCM) or COX-2 (NS-398; 0.03\03BCM) inhibitors or had their epithelium removed before exposure to glucagon in vitro. The effect of glucagon (0.1 - 10 \03BCg/kg, i.n.) on bronchoconstriction provoked by methacholine in mice was tested using invasive plethysmography. In some experiments was administered L-NAME (20 mg / Kg) or SC-560 (5 mg/kg) i.p. before glucagon. The expression of CREB, pCREB, NOS-3, pNOS-3, COX-1 and TCR\03B1\03B2 was evaluated by Western blot and the GcgR was analyzed by flow cytometry. PGE2 was quantified by EIA. The action of glucagon (1-10 \03BCg / Kg, in) on airway hyperreactivity and inflammation induced by LPS or ovalbumin, both 25 \03BCg/25 \03BCL i.n., was tested by invasive plethysmography, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and ELISA. In the ovalbumin model, histological analyzes evaluated leukocyte infiltrate and extracellular matrix deposition in the lungs and flow cytometry quantified TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes in BAL and mediastinal lymph nodes The effect of glucagon (0.03 - 3 \03BCM) on human polymorphonuclear chemotaxis induced by IL-8 in vitro was investigated in a spectrophotometer. The action of glucagon (0.03 - 30 \03BCM) on the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in vitro was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: Glucagon prevented tracheal contraction induced by carbachol in vitro. This effect of glucagon was abolished by epithelial removal and GcgR, AC, NOS, or COX-1 blockade. Glucagon prevented the bronchoconstriction provoked by methacholine in a mechanism sensitive to L-NAME and SC-560. Glucagon increased the phosphorylation of CREB and NOS-3 and PGE2 levels in the lungs without altering COX-1 expression. Glucagon prevented hyperreactivity and inflammation of airways induced by LPS or ovalbumin. Glucagon prevented the increase in TCR\03B1\03B2 expression, number of eosinophils, deposition of extracellular matrix in the lungs and number of TCD4+ and TCD8+ promoted by ovalbumin. Polymorphonuclear cells expressed GcgR and glucagon prevented the chemotaxis of these cells in vitro. Glucagon reduced the activation and proliferation of T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 or ovalbumin in vitro. Conclusion: These results show an anti-spasmodic activity of glucagon in the airways which is mediated by the increase in activation of NOS-3 and COX-1 with consequent release of NO and PGE2 by the epithelium. In addition, they show an anti-inflammatory effect of glucagon in ALI/ARDS and asthma models, which is possibly related to the modulation of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, respectively


Tire manufacturers are trying to reduce the tire rolling resistance for decreasing vehicle fuel consumption. Tire rolling resistance is caused by hysteretic losses of various tire components. This paper represents a prediction system that can forecast the tire rolling resistance in advance before making tire. The neural network algorithm of data-mining was applied for this estimation program. This program will indicate tire design guide line to tire engineer correctively and quickly. The achievement of this paper will be applied to automotive and tire industry to reduce energy consumption.


Introduction or Background: Asthma is a major respiratory diseases of childhood, with great social and economic impact in every community around the world. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical activity in asthma individually and when combined with other factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, population based located in an extremely arid area in the Brazilian Northeast, with representative probability sample of scholars from public schools, of both sexes and of 12 and 13 years. To identify asthma was used to question the ISAAC, wheezing in the last 12 months considering current asthma. The level of physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ questionnaire. The other variables tested with asthma were gender, family income, mother9s schooling, tobacco use, history of asthma in parents, have allergic rhinitis and eczema. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the association between asthma and the explanatory variables. Results: 1591 students participated in this study 49.7% (791) men and 50.3% (800) women. had wheezing in the last 12 months 222 (14%) individuals. There was an association between asthma and family income, history of asthma in parents, have allergic rhinitis and physical activity level in the univariate model (p Conclusions: We found no association between asthma and the level of physical activity. There was a larger influence between asthma and a history of asthma in parents and have allergic rhinitis.


Growth is a complex process dependent upon the interaction of many factors. Deficiencies in some of these result in obvious clinical syndromes such as juvenile myxoedema or hypopituitarism. In many other clinical states, for instance primordial dwarfism, we are still far removed from the full explanation and the solution is likely to come from detailed biochemical study of the mechanisms of action of growth hormone and related factors in health and disease.


Earthquake activities involve coseismic and postseismic deformations, and these seismic deformations can be computed using corresponding dislocation theories. However, conventional dislocation theories are usually given using numerical dislocation Love numbers and numerical Green's functions. In this study, we present explicit expressions of the time‐dependent dislocation Love numbers for a point source in a homogeneous viscoelastic (Maxwell rheology) spherical Earth model and the displacement Green's functions. Other surface variables, such as tilt and strain, can be obtained in a similar manner. The analytical Green's functions are derived from the degenerate deformation system without considering self‐gravitation. The Green's functions can be applied to efficiently compute viscoelastic seismic and volcanic deformations in an approximate manner.


Acknowledgments Foreword Introduction Part I: Chapter 1: The Definition of Citizenship Chapter 2: Citizenship and International Law Part II: Chapter 3: The Horizontal Aspect of Citizenship-Theory and State Practice Chapter 4: Loyalty to the State Chapter 5: Multiple Citizenship Chapter 6: Recent Political Changes and Citizenship Epilogue Appendix Index


ackground: The pioneers of thyroid surgery, Theodor Kocher and Theodor Billroth, developed an acceptable technique of standardized thyroid surgery in the nineteenth century. It includes three basic principles: identification and ligation of the feeding vessels, identification and preservation of the laryngeal nerves and identification and preservation of the parathyroid glands. The basic surgical instruments have not significantly changed, the main innovations are new methods of coagulation and vascular section. Aim: to compare the outcomes of total thyroidectomy and lobectomy, utilizing the conventional hemostatic technique (CH) and harmonic scalpel technique (HS). Patients and Methods: This study was carried at Al-Hussein medical city. In one group the tie and ligature technique was applied and the new harmonic scalpel technique was applied to the other group. The study variables are: operative time, post-operative drainage volume, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) status and total serum calcium level in total thyroidectomy group. Student's t test was used to compare quantitative variables, chi square test was to compare qualitative variables. Results: Seventy patients were included in this study, 40 patients had total thyroidectomy, and 30 patients underwent lobectomy. The mean operative time, in the total thyroidectomy group, was 83.4±13.2 minutes versus 60.3±5.3 minutes in the CH and HS respectively. And it was statistically significant. In the lobectomy group, the mean operative Time was 47.8±7.3 minute versus 38.8±6.8 minute in the CH and HS respectively. It was statistically significant. Post-operative drainage, in the total thyroidectomy group, was 128.6 ± 11.1 ml versus 98.1± 10.3 ml in the CH and HS group respectively. In the lobectomy group, it was 116.4±21.1 ml versus 62.8±8.6 ml in the CH and HS group respectively. And both are highly significant. Regarding RLN palsy, in the total thyroidectomy group, 2 patients out of 20 with CH versus 3 out of 20 with HS, sustained RLN palsy but statistically was non-significant. In the lobectomy group, 2 patients out of 14 with CH versus zero out of 16 patients with HS sustained RLN palsy also was non-significant. Regarding hypocalcaemia, in the total thyroidectomy group, 4 patients out of 20 with CH versus 3 patients out of 20 in the HS group developed post-operative hypocalcaemia and was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Harmonic scalpel is a relatively safe, effective hemostatic tool in thyroid surgery. Complications are no more than that of conventional hemostatic technique.


In wireless sensor networks(WSNs),energy hole problem is a key factor for affecting the lifetime of networks.In a circular multi-hop sensor network(modeled as concentric coronas),the optimal transmission ranges of all coronas can effectively improve system lifetime.For the WSN with non-uniform data generating rate,an energy-efficient algorithm for non-uniform data generating rate(EANR) can search approximate optimal transmission ranges of all coronas in order to prolong network lifetime by constructing coronas relationship table.EANR can reduce the searching complexity and get results approximated to the optimal solution.The simulation results indicate that the lifetime got from EANR approximates to the lifetime from the optimal list.Compared with the algorithms in other literatures,EANR can prolong the network lifetime.


Recent implementations of design review meetings in engineering design courses encourage student peers to providefeedback, in addition to the course instructor and industry client. The purpose of this investigation was to comparefeedback provided by students and course instructors and to determine how student peers' feedback related to their ownperformance in the design course. We collected verbal feedback comments provided by the instructor and student peers intwelve design review meetings of a management engineering capstone design course. A total of 553 comments were codedalong two dimensions: topic (design, project management, or communication) and function (comprehension, evaluation,or recommendation). Comments falling in the comprehension function were also further coded using an existing question-type typology. A comparison of instructor and student feedback revealed that the instructor provided not only morefeedback than individual students, but also distributed it better across the different topics and functions. Specifically, theinstructor provides more feedback in the topics of design, communication and project management and is more likely toprovide direct assessments and recommendations to student teams. Stronger student teams (i.e., those with better designoutcomes) generally provide more feedback to their peers. Findings can help instructors promote better feedback-givingfor themselves and students alike.


Can one be both Catholic and feminist? Many of us these days are asking the question, sometimes with considerable anguish. The real question, however, is why is this a question at all. Why do so many of us see the relations between Catholicism and feminism as problematic? Until we can answer this, we will find it difficult to think constructively about the prior question of whether it is possible simultaneously to be both Catholic and feminist. Many of us, I suspect, think the answer to this question should be "yes," if only because we believe ourselves to be both. But knowing that others perceive irreconcilable conflicts between Catholicism and feminism, even the most optimistic of us is likely to pause. For we do know that even if we hope to reconcile the claims of Catholicism and feminism within our own beliefs and lives, most Catholics and most feminists would insist that such reconciliation is difficult if not


8 Paolo Livi nanowires for high-temporal-resolution experiments and parallel sensor experiments (results from pH and KCl concentration sweeps are presented); (2) high speed measurements showing how the CMOS chip can enhance the performance of the nanowire sensor by compensating its limitations as a consequence of hysteresis. In order to obtain a more compact system, different methods of monolithically integrating NW sensor arrays on a CMOS chip were investigated. This approach also eliminates the noise introduced by the interconnections in comparison to the use of two separate chips (the NW array and the CMOS readout). The successful integration of a gold NW array, as well as of a SiNW array on the CMOS chip was demonstrated. Both systems have been tested electrically. Moreover, a PDMS-based packaging system including a microfluidic channel was built, which enabled sensing experiments in the liquid phase on top of the CMOS chip: KCl adsorption on gold NWs and pH measurements with the SiNWs were performed. Furthermore, the capability of the SiNWs to detect proteins at low concentrations was demonstrated by measuring the human cardiac marker troponin T (cTnT) down to 1nM. The use of double-gate (DG) FinFETs as biosensing devices has been investigated. Specifically, the work in this thesis aimed at demonstrating how FinFETs can be used to build simple circuits that allow for an enhancement of the sensing event readout. Examples of so-called sensing circuits based on FinFETs and incorporating both the sensor and the readout have been proposed and successfully validated with simulations.


This chapter discusses digital equity through the lens of the digital divide. While the digital divide is as old as information communication technology itself (ICT), the COVID-19 health crisis renewed a strident interest in exposing the significant gap that still exists after close to 30 years. The digital divide then is first contextualized within the coronavirus pandemic to illustrate how inequities came further to the forefront of people's agenda. It then moves to discuss the digital divide defining the complex term and offering critical data to illustrate the areas of the world most impacted by this unfortunate reality. Different organizations and groups have made significant moves to narrow the digital gap. These strategies are discussed next. None of these groups will be fully successful if, as will be argued, they are not concerned with digital equity. Finally, the chapter makes some critical observations on future challenges facing ICT vis-à-vis the digital divide.


Many patients with subnormal vision who have been relegated to a nonvisual life can be rehabilitated with proper magnifying devices. While most of these devices are applicable to near-vision problems only, some are useful for distance functions. There is nothing new or mysterious about the principles and application of magnification in the problem of low vision. Nevertheless, this has been one of the most neglected fields in ophthalmology. The ophthalmological literature of the past years is comparatively devoid of articles relating to the application of magnifiers in the field of visual rehabilitation. MAGNIFICATION Anyone who does not have sufficient vision to perform efficiently his daily home or work tasks with ordinary spectacle-glass correction may be considered a candidate for low-vision aids. It is not within the province of this paper to discuss the pathology responsible for low vision. While we are accustomed to thinking of legal blindness in terms of


Background: New characteristics have created significant challenges in non-drug regulation on the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak while there are few related research articles in recent months. In view of these recent developments, a more comprehensive analysis on the role of non-drug control measures (NDC) will provide a further guide for the work on disease prevention faced with a range of changes.

Methods: This paper measures and divides the intensity of the NDC into eleven tiers according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese emergency classification criteria. The paper then proposes a new model for control-measures-susceptible-exposed-infected-removed-dead (CM-SEIRD), based upon the standard susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model, which parameterizing the new characteristics of COVID-19 infection and NDC. The start time and intensity of implementation of the NDC were taken as variables to obtain the special impact of NDC on the COVID-19 epidemic. The theoretical study on variable discretization and continuity was carried out for the Wuhan model system.

Findings: NDC can efficiently minimize deaths, minimize infection risk, and delay the outbreak peak for 1-2 months. The highest outbreak time discussed in this study was around 16-23 days. If NDC can be carried out within the time threshold and intensity level, more than 10% of the total death toll will be reduced, more than 8% of the peak infected number will be reduced, and more than 90% of the population will be able to prevent infection. In contrast to the NDC starting time, the intensity of NDC impacts the outbreak more directly and has a good impact on the overall number of people exposed, sick and dead from the beginning to the end. This study also found that it would take 23 days to clear new cases in the blocked areas based on the strength of Chinese control measures.

Interpretation: Despite great pressure due to the new characteristics and situation of the COVID-19 outbreak, at this point, NDC is still the most effective prevention and control step. Different countries and regions need to implement strict NDCs as quickly as possible to contain the outbreak and to promote development and economic growth as soon as possible.

Funding Statement: Guangxi University.

Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests.


This paper aims to present a detailed analysis on the impact that demand side bidding (DSB) has on microgrids operation, taking into account variations in market prices, RES production, and seasonal demand for a typical LV network. Additionally, the economic impact of applying adequacy constraints, i.e. request specific part of the microgrid demand to be supplied by local power production, in case of intentional islanding, is estimated. This is essential to achieve seamless transition from interconnected to autonomous operation of microgrids. Two cases are examined: adequacy constraint applied to the whole microgrid demand and only to the critical loads. Moreover, the magnitude and frequency of interruption of critical and noncritical loads, in case of an upstream network fault is calculated. The potential of DSB to reduce operating costs improving at the same time the quality of service to the loads of higher priority is shown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


1. 'The most terrible of all the ministers of death' 2. From myths to mummies 3. Coming into focus: 0 - 1500 AD 4. Smallpox in the age of discoveries: 1500 AD to 1700 AD 5. News from the east 6. Kicking against the pricks 7. The heyday of inoculation 8. From cuckoos to cowpox 9. The world-wide spread 10. Confusion and compulsion 11. A hundred years on 12. 'Bring hither the fatted calf' 13. Sorting out the viruses 14. Eradication: the beginning of the end 15. 'Annihilation of the smallpox' 16. 'And out of good still to find means of evil'.


Abstract Beams of ionizing particles may be detected by means of the temperature change induced in a cholesteric liquid crystal. Our estimates indicate also that it may be possible to detect an individual heavy ion with a charge perhaps as low as 6 at all speeds and a singly-charged particle near the end of its range.


Knee osteoarthritis (OA) represents one of the most frequently treated pathology within the rehabilitation departments all over the world; it involves people over 40, mostly overweight subjects. Our present study, performed on 65 patients diagnosed with knee OA, treated with physiotherapy, hydrotherapy and peloidotherapy in the Balneal Sanatorium of Techirghiol, Romania, tries to demonstrate the importance of the natural biotherapeutic factors on the pain and knee functioning in this pathologic condition. All the patients were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Functional Independence Measures (FIM), prior and after the treatment. Exclusion criteria were the major pathologic conditions that represent contraindications for physical therapies, and associated neurologic and post-traumatic conditions, also. The results demonstrate the reduction, with almost 50%, of the initial pain intensity score and the improvement of general functioning with almost 35%. So, we conclude that natural therapeutic factors can represent a safe nonpharmacological therapeutic way for improving the functionality of these patients, directly related with pain intensity, with low cost and high accessibility.


The results of calculating the distribution function of the ion-microscopic field at the neutral point of ultracold plasma by the method of molecular dynamics are presented. The calculations are carried out for the model of two-component fully ionized ultracold plasma in a wide range of the Coulomb coupling parameter values. To evaluate the accuracy of the calculations, the distribution function of the ion microscopic field of randomly distributed charged particles was calculated and compared with the exact Holtsmark function. Results obtained for our model can be used for any equilibrium or non-equilibrium strongly coupled plasmas, in which quantum effects are negligible. Comparison with results of other authors is made.


In the Doplicher, Haag, and Roberts theory of superselection sectors, one usually considers states which are local excitations of some vacuum state. Here, we extend this analysis to local excitations of a class of "infravacuum" states appearing in models with massless particles. We show that the corresponding superselection structure, the statistics of superselection sectors and the energy-momentum spectrum are the same as with respect to the vacuum state. (The latter result is obtained with a novel method of expressing the shape of the spectrum in terms of properties of local charge transfer cocycles.) These findings provide evidence to the effect that infravacua are a natural starting point for the analysis of the superselection structure in theories with long-range forces.


For construction of TF coil, a "Fabrication and Installation" standard FM-4000, accompanying a mandatory Appendix 41 "Welded Joint" and a "Nondestructive Examination" standard FM-5000 accompanying a mandatory Appendix 51 for "Ultrasonic Examination Method" and a "Pressure and Leak Testing" standard FM-6000 have been developed, based on other JSME standards for nuclear power plant (JSME S NB1) and also ASME Sec. III ND, NF or Sec. VIII-div.2 Since TF coil structure does not include radioactive materials but is operated under high stress produced by high magnetic field, it is not safety-relevant-barrier. The requirements to construction should be relaxed in comparison with a fission reactor. The TF coil structure is mainly classified into two divisions; (1) Jacket and helium cooling pipe that is required for leak tightness, and (2) The general structure which is stressed only by the electromagnetic force. For the welded joint in the structure part (1), more severe requirements for nondestructive examination are prescribed in addition to the requirement for pressure and leak testing, based on JSME S NB1 and ASME Sec. III ND, NF or Sec. VIII-div.2. All of weld joints are classified into 6 categories depending on strength and direction of the stress induced by the magnetic field. Approved weld joint configuration and welding processes, nondestructive examinations, pressure and leak testing required and also acceptance criteria of discontinuity are defined in each category. Qualification of welding personnel and inspector are also defined, but its final responsibility is to the owner of TF coil.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


8500 Background: The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of childhood are heterogeneous. Large cell lymphomas (LCL) are relatively rare in children and sub-divided among diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), peripheral T (PT) and other rare subtypes.

METHODS
We conducted a trial (POG 9219) for stage I and II NHL which accrued 396 children between 1992 and 1999. One hundred fifty-six (40%) had large cell lymphoma. All patients received nine weeks of chemotherapy including vincristine 1.5mg/m2 weekly for seven doses; doxorubicin 40mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 on days 1, 22 and 43; and prednisone 40mg/m2 daily for 28 days during the first 4 weeks and on days 43-47. None received radiotherapy.

RESULTS
Material for further study was available from 111 patients with LCL. Forty-six (42%) had DLBCL, 58 (52%) had ALCL, and 7 (6%) had PT. Among children with DLBCL, primary sites included lymph nodes (13), GI tract (8), bone (8), tonsil (8), testis (3), and other (6). Among children with ALCL, primary sites included lymph node (36), skin (11), bone (6), and other (5). Only one patient with DLBCL developed recurrent disease and died. The remaining 45 patients are all event free survivors. At 5 years, the projected event-free survival (EFS) is 98 % (SE 3%), and the overall survival (OS), 98 % (SE 3%). Thirty-five children with ALCL (60%) had T cell markers, and the remainder had null cell markers. Nine patients with ALCL (T=5; null=4) failed treatment: three failed induction, and six relapsed from complete remission, but were effectively salvaged. No patient with ALCL died. The projected 5 year EFS for early stage ALCL is 84 % (SE 7%) (DLBCL versus ALCL, p-value 0.02); the OS, 100%. Among seven patients with PT, two failed to achieve complete remission, one of whom has died. The remaining five are event-free survivors.

CONCLUSIONS
Nine weeks of modest intensity chemotherapy are sufficient for children with early stage DLBCL. The outcome for ALCL and PT is less favorable than DLBCL, but most such children become long-term survivors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


This experience report paper reports on case studies of final exams that used creative problem solving to assess students' ability to apply the material, and divergent thinking to ensure that each student's exam was unique. We report on two senior-level software engineering courses, taught a total of six times across three semesters. The paper gives enough information for readers to adapt this method in their own courses. Our exams include built-in divergence properties, which are elements or decisions that lead students to more than one good answer. Based on our experience, divergent thinking, creative problem solving exams not only provide excellent assessments of student knowledge, but ensure the integrity of the exam process, even when students work without supervision. We developed this strategy during the pandemic when all courses were online, but find them to be better than our traditional exams and are now using this strategy for in-person courses.


Background: A 70-year-old man presented with complaints of a vague daily abdominal pain lasting for more than one year. The pain was predominantly epigastric, sore of nature and diffusely irradiating to the rest of the abdomen. The patient also mentioned a change in stool habits. In his medical history the clinician retained a Spigelian hernia of the left abdominal wall for which he had been operated on several times. Clinical examination was normal, except for the abdominal wall, a recurrence of the Spigelian hernia being suspected.


Our purpose is to develop a learning environment that helps housewives improve their computer skills and thus become more comfortable with using them. We interviewed 30 housewives, asked how they used computers, and how they felt about computers. We found that some excessively relied on their husbands, and could not use the computers by themselves. We also discovered that many were burdened by feelings of computer anxiety in daily use.


This chapter briefly summaries research over the past four decades (and prior) associated with black men and mental health in the UK. The chapter also examines some responses to the research. This is because we unfortunately remain in a situation where black men in Britain are 17 times more likely than white counterparts to be diagnosed with a psychotic illness. Research into the mental health needs of black men has been conducted repeatedly in the UK, with each new generation hopeful for change. By briefly exploring some policies that have emerged to address this inequality, this chapter highlights the barriers to change.


Absorption technique limitations:  The sample to be measured must completely cover instruments aperture, with no holes.  Samples must be thin enough to allow transmission of the measuring wavelengths of light.  Surfaces must be relatively flat and uniform.  Variable fluorescence (the Kautsky induction effect) caused by the red wavelength of absorption instruments, limits the repeatability of measurements at the same location.  Selection of the measuring area, on smaller leaves, can cause measurement variations due to internal leaf structure variation. Veins and midribs can cause significant variation on samples.  Wavelengths used in absorption methods, typically limit linear correlation with chemical chlorophyll content methods to concentration levels below 300 mg m. (Gitelson 1999)


Within the framework of the linked ordering schemes theory of vibration-rotational interactions in molecules the introduction of Herman-Wallis factors into intensities of multiquantum vibrational transitions has been presented in effective dipole moment operator by sequences of types Meff equals Mn1 + Mn2 + Mn3 + ..., where n equals 1, 2, 3, ... . The results of group-theoretical analysis of tensorial parameters in M1n (n equals 1 divided by 3) for symmetric top molecules have been presented. Generalization of these results for multiquantum vibrational transitions is analyzed. The another goal of the contribution was the analysis of the ways of the construction of nonpolynomial models for Herman-Wallis factors on the base of the representation of Meff in forms of infinite sequences on angular momentum operators. Some simple models for HW factors in Pade-approximant form are considered. On the base of developed and presented theory of vibration rotation line intensities in molecular spectra the conception of fitting molecular dipole moment transition of quasirigid molecules is discussed for the first time.


The invention discloses a display, which comprises a display panel and a polarization liquid crystal unit, wherein the display panel is used for displaying data to be displayed; the polarization liquid crystal unit is positioned in front of the display panel and used for making incident light generate phase deflection so as to realize directional propagation of light rays. When the display panel displays first data to be displayed, the polarization liquid crystal unit executes a first deflection mode, and when the display panel displays second data to be displayed, the polarization liquid crystal unit executes a second deflection mode.


References: (1) Schmalenbach, I., Mehrtens, F., Janke, M., Buchholz, F. (2011). A mark-recapture study of hatchery-reared juvenile European lobsters, Homarus gammarus, released at the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea) from 2000 to 2009. Fisheries Research 108, 22-30, see doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.727206 for supplementary data. (2) Schmalenbach, I. (2011). Landings of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and edible crab (Cancer pagurus) in 2010, Helgoland, North Sea. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Biological Institute Helgoland, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.755534. Pictures: T. Meyer, U. Nettelmann, B. Rauch, I. Schmalenbach, C. Wanke Acknowledgments: The study was supported by the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. We would like to thank the captain H.-C. Lührs and the crew of the research vessel FK Uthörn for their support in the field. Helgoland


Based on analyzing natural environments and butterfly resources in Yanquan Nature Reserve,the development,utility and conservation of butterfly resources were discussed in this study,which provide references for this area economic development.


Health is a basic prerequisite for the existence and operation of values. Health care enables people to protect or restore health throughout their lives, from birth to death, in accordance with applicable legislation. This paper aims to identify the importance of assessing a locus of control over health using the scale measuring tool, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHCL). In total, 100 respondents participated in the survey, with an average age of 42 years. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica, version 2007, with significance level of 0.05.  Correlations of MHLC and attitudes toward preventive actions showed statistically significant results with readiness to quit smoking. People with high IHLC scores were more willing to stop smoking, change their diet, and reduce body weight. Our assumption in this research was that individuals who believed in internal control of health had a more positive effect regarding preventive actions.


The effects and interactions of emulsion components namely refined soybean oil content (1.87 to 4.12%, w/w), polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) content (0.89 to 1.93%, w/w) and mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) content (0.00 to 0.24%, w/w) on wateroilwater (W/O/W) emulsion characteristics were studied using response surface methodology. The emulsion properties studied as response variables were droplet size distribution, centrifugation stability, apparent viscosity and encapsulation
efficiency. Results indicate that the response surface models were significantly (p<0.05) fitted for stability and viscosity. The effects of PGPR and MSKE were significant (p<0.05) variables affecting all responses, hence the concentration of PGPR and MSKE should be considered as critical variables for the formulation of W/O/W emulsions in terms of the emulsion characteristics
studied. The overall optimum region resulting in a desirable double emulsion was predicted to be obtained at 2.33% (w/w) refined soybean oil, 1.68% (w/w) PGPR and 0.16% (w/w) MSKE. No significant (p>0.05) difference was however found between the experimental and predicted values, thus ensuring the adequacy of the response surface models employed for describing the changes in physicochemical properties as a function of the main emulsion components.


Herniae through defects of mesocolon, mesentery of small intestine, intra-abdominal ligaments and omentum are uncommon and of these transomental are probably the rarest. In 1907 Prumtz enumerated possible origins of transmesenteric herniae : ( 1) congenital, (2) spontaneous, (3) following trauma, (4) following surgery, (5) following inflammation. This classification has been applied to the transomental type. It is generally accepted that most of the above types of herniae are spontaneous and it has been shown that when two epithelial layers are opposed with a deficient intervening connective tissue stroma, coalescence inevitably takes place with formation of a hole or defect. However, cases have been described in the foetus and following trauma or operation. In 1930 Martzloff, reviewing the literature back to 1840, found 15 reported cases of transomental herniae, recognised on account of obstruction or strangulation. In 1950 Gubler and Yedinak quoted 5 more cases and reported one of their own. Davies ( 1954) reported 2 cases. Mock and Mock (1958) recorded a further case and found 0 ther cases previously reported but not included by the above authors, thus bringing the total to 33 transomental herniae.


This paper describes digital transformation in Finland from the perspective of a mid-sized university of applied sciences in western Finland, outside the capital city area. Higher education institutions (HEIs) compete amongst themselves, both locally and globally, in terms of student and staff recruitment, government funding, and research funding. In addition, networking with companies and other organizations is a key part of HEIs' strategies and actions. We consider the steps that HEIs have taken toward digital transformation, the drivers behind digital transformation, and the factors that affect HEIs' management strategies. Although the digital transformation process started over 30 years ago, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major driver of digital transformation in Finnish HEIs. The results of our case study show that an HEI's funding is of critical importance and provides the ground for setting the performance indicators in HEI management. Finally, climate change and sustainability are factors that will further affect the higher education system. © Proceedings of the International Conference on E-Learning 2022, EL 2022 - Part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2022, MCCSIS 2022. All rights reserved.


Counterexamples to pair correlation monotonicity inequalities, analogous to Griffiths' second inequality for the Ising model, are presented for the finite spin Heisenberg model, the spin−(1/2) X–Y model, the anisotropic planar classical Heinsberg model, and the spherical model.


It is well established that healthy nutrition and physical activity (PA) are key lifestyle factors that modulate lifelong health through their ability to improve body composition, musculoskeletal health, and physical and cognitive performance, as well as to prevent metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease across the lifespan [...].


The aim of this study is to determine the antiradical activity (DPPH decolouration test) and cytotoxicity (Artemia salina lethality test) of aqueous extracts (AE) and essential oils (EO) of Origanum sp. Origanum x applii EO was the most active and exhibits only 12% of the antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid in equal initial concentrations (100 ppm). Under these conditions, ascorbic acid exhibited decolouration of 97%, and 96% for 50 ppm. AE of O. x majoricum, O. compactum and O. x applii showed decolouration of 82%, 90% and 89% respectively for 30ppm, when tested immediately after preparation. Kept at 4 ° C, and after 24 hours, a decrease of 90% in the antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid and only 2% in the aqueous extracts was observed. EO had low LD50 values (10-29 ppm) indicating cytotoxic activity. AE of O. x majoricum showed LD50 of 5546ppm and O. x applii yielded LD50 values comparable to water (negative control). EO from Origanum sp show low antioxidant activity but high toxicity against Artemia salina. Therefore EO should be tested for other biological activities. On the other hand AE show low toxicity and high antioxidant capacity which encourages further studies to detect compounds responsible for antiradical activity.


Ground water demand is increasing in many African nations due to a number of factors. The growth of population, climate change, increase pollution of rivers, and insufficient number of purifying stations and waste water treatment (or almost nonexistent) have pushed to the water authorities for exploitation of underground water. These underground /groundwater have a relationship with surface water. Then what can be the effects of polluted River to its riverside groundwater? To explore the answer of this question and for the prevention sustainable and a better integrated management of water resources, we will do in-depth study on "the relationship between river water and riverside ground". In Koulikoro region the results of this research show that Surface waters have poor bacteriological quality, the amount of total coliforms is very high, and accordingly Niger River's waters are not allowed for consumption without treatment. However the river water can be safely used for laundry, bath, sports and recreation. Generally the Groundwater quality is good despite increased salinity has been observed sporadically. We found also that for the entire region of Koulikoro the average infiltration rate is less than 19.8% of the gross rainfall.


The title compound, C13H13NO3, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The values of the relevant C—C, C=C and C—N bond lengths indicate that the molecules exist in the enamine tautomeric form. In each molecule, the cyclohexene ring adopts a slightly distorted envelope conformation. Molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and C=O groups. There is also an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond in each molecule.


Fever producing microbes have varied clinical presentations with variable positive lab investigations which serve as an eye opener to the clinician as well as to the clinical lab managers. Case report: 30 year old male with irregular fever of 1 year duration was investigated and treated outside but not relieved of the symptom. The next year he visited our hospital with the same symptom of fever and was investigated. The investigation revealed a totally different arena and helped the patient to get cured of the illness.


The full-digitized control system of inverter-controlled arc welding power supply with pulsed variable polarity output based on dual DSPs (digital signal processor) is developed by using DSP56F805. To overcome the influence of the pulse width holding and delaying existed in digital PWM (pulse width modulation) control pulse on the output performance, such as the dynamic response and static precision of power supply output, the current pre-estimating algorithm is proposed based on the LR (inductance and resistance) model of power supply output, and then the straightforward digital PID (proportional integral differential) control algorithm is modified. Meanwhile, the anti-disturbance characteristics of digital control system is improved effectively by pre-treating on the detecting signals of current and voltage, A/D sampling in phase with PWM control pulse, digital filtering, etc. The correctness and effectiveness of digital PID control algorithm based on current pre-estimation is validated by the control experimentations on the pulse variable polarity output of power supply.


Currently, genetic diseases contribute to 15–30% of causes of male infertility.1 Nevertheless, male factor infertility is responsible for more than 50% of cases of infertility2 and more than 50% of these cases are of unknown origin.3–5 Genetics may partly or entirely conduce to the problem of infertility in such men. Exploring the exact hereditary background of male infertility may lead to development of the therapeutic intervention which can modify the genetic error and prevent transmission of such error to the offspring. With the advent of assisted reproductive techniques and particularly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as a therapeutic option in severe male factor infertility, even sperm with genetic insufficiencies can successfully bypass the genetic barriers that select the healthiest sperm and fertilize the egg. Eventually, embryogenesis and successful pregnancy outcome will depend on the integrity of the genetic information. Genetic abnormalities may explain the 50–60% failure rate of ART in the best centers. Notwithstanding, the final outcome will not end at this part since the male progeny may harbor the same genetic defect that rendered their fathers infertile and that will ultimately lead the sons to be infertile as well.


In this paper we formalize the concept of square tiles with colored corners, a new kind of tiles closely related to Wang tiles. We construct aperiodic sets of square tiles with colored corners and several new aperiodic sets of Wang tiles using isomorphisms between tilings. The smallest aperiodic set of square tiles with colored corners we have created consists of 44 tiles over 6 colors.


The purpose of this study to describe 1) The structure of the novel builders of the Dome by Ahmad Tohari 2) The social values of the Dome of the novel by Ahmad Tohari, 3) Implementation of the Dome of the novel by Ahmad Tohari to study of literature in SMA N 1 Jatinom. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Source data from the Dome of the novel. Data in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs. Data collection techniques using literature techniques, see and record. Mechanical validity of the data using triangulation data. Data were analyzed using the methods of dialectics. The analysis showed that the structure of the novel builders of the Dome consists of themes good activity in life. Chronology of the groove mix. Figures that Karman, Marni, Tini, Haji Bakir, Triman, Margo, and Gigi Baja. Viewpoint that people use all three main actors. Message contained in the novel should be able to understand and give forgiveness to someone who has realized kesalahanya and those who have realized kesalahnya must be able to prove that he has changed, go back to the beaten path. The social value of the novel consists of Love (affection) composed of devotion, mutual help, family, loyalty, and caring. Responsibility (responsibility) consists of the value of a sense of belonging, discipline and empathy. Life Harmony (harmony of life) consists of the values of justice, tolerance, cooperation, and democracy.


The N-Version Programming (NVP) approach applies the idea of design diversity to obtain fault-tolerant software units, called N-Version Software (NVS) units. The effectiveness of this approach is examined by the software diversity achieved in the member versions of an NVS unit. We define and formalize the concept of design diversity and software diversity in this paper. Design diversity is a property naturally applicable to the NVP process to increase its fault-tolerance attributes. The baseline design diversity is characterized by the employment of independent programming teams in the NVP. More design diversity investigations could be enforced in the NVP design process, including different languages, different tools, different algorithms, and different methodologies. Software diversity is the resulting dissimilarities appearing in the NVS member versions. We characterize it from four different points of view that are designated as: structural diversity, fault diversity, tough-spot diversity, and failure diversity. Our goals are to find a way to quantify software diversity and to investigate the measurements which can be applied during the life cycle of NVS to gain confidence that operation will be dependable when NVS is actually employed. The versions from a six-language N-Version Programming project for fault-tolerant flight control software were used in the software diversity measurement.


In view of the lack of effective technical means to exchange data between the business systems of the current grid,provincial,and regional grid dispatching centers,a trans-regional collaborative work system of vertical,horizontal system service center is proposed.The new system has solved the current redundancy between the levels of dispatching business and work flow integration,and strengthened the reuse of the various system foundations,public announcement and advantage service.Thus the integration of the electric power dispatching information management system is formed to improve the management level of dispatching organization.The service center has already passed the verification of engineering application and is in operation.


Abstract Income tax art. 21 is one of withholding tax. Doctor is a profession whose income becomes a subject to income tax art.21. Doctor usuallly has two kind of income consist of basic salary and fee for services (fee for medical services). This two kind of income has a different tax treatment. The differences in tax treatment confuses the employer on how to calculate doctor's income tax. This study aims to explain how to determine the doctor's income which become base of subject of income tax art.21 and how to compute the income tax art.21 of fee from services. This research uses descriptive method. This study concluded that the base of subject of income tax art.21 in doctor's income is all the income before deducted by fees, charges, and profit sharing with hospital. Furthermore, this research also showed that the tax treatment in counting the income tax art. 21 is by using art.17 par.1 letter a of income tax law from cummulative taxable income. Keywords : Income tax art. 21, fee for medical services, doctor


This work looks at the application of chromeless phase-shift masks to sub-100 nm gatelength SOI transistor fabrication. The double-exposure technique of Numerical Technologies is extended to the chromeless-edge case. Two masks are used in this method. The first is a darkfield mask with chromeless edges defining the minimum geometry gates and the second is a binary blockout mask which also patterns the larger gate features. This approach provides considerably enhanced resolution performance compared with alternating aperture while still preserving good process latitudes. The chromeless mask fabrication approach is discussed. A simple, single step dry etch is used with no minimum geometry features, thus simplifying mask fabrication. We employed an 0.6 NA, DUV tool for this work together with commercially available resist and anti-reflection layers. Lithography results for k1 factors down to 0.10 and 0.3 are presented. This corresponds to CDs of 40 nm and 125 nm on our Canon EX-4, 248nm stepper. Excellent pattern transfer into polysilicon was achieved using a high density plasma etch process producing gate features down to 25 nm linewidths. We discuss the application of this method to the fabrication of sub-100 nm gate-length fully-depleted SOI CMOS transistors. We have fabricated SOI CMOS transistors with excellent short channel behavior down to 50 nm physical gate lengths. This method enables the development of deep sub-100 nm gate length CMOS technologies using standard 248- nm exposure sources.


The scorch time t s and dynamic curing index Δ t during mixing in a wider range of temperatures (110~160 ℃) and rotor speeds (40~100 r·min -1 ) on Brabender torque rheometer and the Mooney scorch safety ( t 5 and Δ t 30 ) were measured by using CR mix prepared on an open mill.It was found that the scorch safety of CR mix during the real mixing process could not be well reflected by Mooney scorch safety.A relationship curve and a relationship model for the scorch safety of CR during mixing to the mixing temperature and the rotor speed were fitted based on the experimental data.The affecting tendency of the mixing temperature and the rotor speed on the scorch safety of CR mix was explained in view of mechanical chemical reaction in rubber and accordingly the model was verified.The results of the square error and regression analyses showed that the model could be used to characterize the dependence of the scorch safety for CR during mixing on the mixing temperature and the rotor speed correctly;and the scorch safety of CR during mixing depended on the rotor speed more strongly than on the mixing temperature,and there was an interaction between them.


This review aims to highlight the importance of peri‐operative and longer‐term postoperative cognitive changes and to put them in the context of other cognitive disorders. Cognitive decline is common among the elderly and is impacted by many factors, both known and unknown. Individuals aged 65 years and above comprise the most frequent users of the healthcare system; thus this group is at risk of both cognitive decline associated with ageing, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive disorders associated with surgery and anaesthesia, including delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.


Language and literature works as a bridge in achieving certain goals by affecting the human being socially as well as psychologically. The current study aims at exploring socio-psychological disposition of the characters in Usman Ali"s play The Prisoners. In order to unmask the external and internal trauma of contemporary society, socio-psychological approach is used in the current study. For this purpose, the researcher highlights socio-psychological disposition of the characters in the play by drawing attention to the trauma of characters, the prevailed corruption and systematic nepotism in the society. In the play, Rustam and Sohrab who love each other and want to spend their life together whereas the society is not willing to give them space and the crowd puts them into the prison and wants to kill them. Moreover, the whole play curbs by the revenge of the leader who indulges in property issue with Rustam to take vengeance and he drags him in prison. The findings of this research shed light on The Prisoners as a socio-psychological study of contemporary era as it throws light on the prevailing evils in the society leading to multiple psychological traumas.


Block allografts traditionally have been used for massive bone deficiencies, but their complication rates are high, and the destructive effects of allograft rejection can limit their long-term success. Large segments of allograft also heal slowly, are never replaced by new bone, and weaken as the ossification and vascularisation front proceeds. In contrast, morselised allograft has proven structurally reliable for both small and large defects while supporting new bone formation. Morsels that are 1 cm in diameter maintain their integrity long enough to act as a substrate for new bone formation. Morsels less than 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter tend to be resorbed while those larger than 1 cm incorporate slowly, if ever, and tend to collapse. Rejection can be a major problem with allograft because marrow is immunogenic. However, marrow elements can be thoroughly removed from morselised allograft to prevent the inflammatory response and loss of graft and to capitalise on the osteoconductive potential of the demineralised bone and autologous marrow. The allograft acts as scaffolding for new bone growth, and although it is not osteoinductive, demineralised bone (mildly osteoinductive) and bone marrow aspirate (highly osteoinductive) can be added to the allograft to enhance bone formation. The surrounding bone structure supplies most of the osteoinductive activity because metaphyseal bone has a rich blood supply and maintains the capacity to heal even after repeated failed arthroplasty. Grafting preparation and placement: Fresh-frozen cancellous allograft in morsels measuring 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter is soaked for five to ten minutes in normal saline solution that contains polymyxin 500,000 units, bacitracin 50,000 units, and cephazolin 1 g/l. The fluid is removed and 10 cm3 of powdered demineralised cancellous bone is added to each 30 cm3 of the cancellous morsels. Bone fragments and diaphyseal reamings are added to improve the osteoinductive potential. This mixture is packed into the bone defects, then the implants are impacted so as to seat on the remnant of viable bone while compacting the morselised bone graft.


The equipment of hydropower plant is widely distributed underground, and it is difficult to achieve full-time and full-cycle coverage only by manual inspection. With the continuous development of intelligent and intelligent technology, unattended power plants have become possible. The pressurized gas tank in the production area of the power plant has a relatively complex distribution of working conditions: normal operation, normal deflation, and normal shutdown. Due to the similarity in the sound scale between the leakage fault of the pressurized gas tank and the normal gas leakage, this paper proposes a long short-term memory-convolution sound recognition network based on stacked autoencoder features. First, the distribution characteristics of the sound of the pressurized gas tank are analyzed. Secondly, the pre-processed voice is subdivided and encoded by the stack autoencoder. Finally, a long short-term memory(LSTM)-convolution parallel network is constructed to identify the air leakage sound. The test results show the high accuracy and effectiveness of the method.


Studies on Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman, which have largely been literary, reveal that the play is deeply steeped in oral tradition and the culture of the Yoruba race. Of course, this is in line with the authorial note that the play is based on events which took place in Oyo Empire in 1946. The events, as dramatized in the play, resulted in a crisis situation between the people's culture and the Western perception of it. The intervention of the District Officer to save Elesin's life became an unwanted interruption of the cosmic order of Yoruba cosmology, which inevitably plunged the people into crisis. The deployment of proverbs to perform pragmatic acts within crisis situations in the play has largely remained unexplored. Therefore, this study examines pragmatic acts of proverbs within the contexts of crisis in the play. Data for the study are samples of proverbs that are used within crisis situations in the play, that is, those deployed in situations where there were confrontations and disagreement between the traditional order and the new western order in the play. These were sampled purposively, that is, selectively based on the judgment of the researcher and analysed drawing insights from Mey's (2001) theory of pragmatic acts. Drawing insights from contextual resources such as shared situational knowledge, shared cultural knowledge, inference, etc. pragmatic acts of counselling, cautioning, challenging, accusing, unveiling, etc. were performed with crisis-motivated proverbs in the play by characters to strengthen the force of dramatic action. Keywords : Pragmatic acts, crisis-motivated proverbs, challenging, cautioning, accusing


Abstract Protection against ice scouring is one of the design considerations for Arctic offshore pipelines. In order to avoid the damaging effects of ice scouring, submarine pipelines are buried in the seabed. Optimum burial depths for offshore pipelines have been the subject of both experimental and numerical studies. In the present investigation, a numerical analysis is conducted to simulate the interaction between a model scale ice feature and a buried pipe. The effects of ice scouring on soil deformations, displacements and rotations of the pipe, stress states in the soil mass, and soil pressure acting on the pipe are determined. The experimental data from centrifuge tests reported in the literature and the numerical results obtained in the present study are compared.


Demographic change and behavioral shifts in employment and household arrangements have caused scholars and social critics to question the nature of individuals' involvement with work and family. Interpreting the cultural meaning of those behavioral changes requires the study of individual commitment per se. This chapter reviews research on commitment to work and family by examining issues of definition, measurement, and specification of the concept of commitment, by assessing theoretical developments in the study of linkages between work and family, and by reviewing research that examines the relationship of work and family to gender, the life course, social origin, and race. The interrelationship between work and family commitment is examined, and issues to be resolved in future research are discussed.


We address the following question: Given five points in R 3 , determine a right circular cylinder containing those points. We obtain algebraic equations for the axial line and radius parameters and show that these give six solutions in the generic case. An even number (0, 2, 4, or 6) will be real valued and hence correspond to actual cylinders in R 3 . We will investigate computational and theoretical matters related to this problem. In particular we will show how exact and numeric Gr¨ obner bases, equation solving, and related symbolic-numeric methods may be used to advantage. We will also discuss some applications. obner bases, nonlinear systems, symbolic-numeric computation 1. Outline of the Problem and Related Work Given five points in R 3 , we are to determine all right circular cylinders containing those points. We do this by solving equations for the axial line and radius parameters. We will show that generically one obtains six solutions to these equations. Of these an even number are real valued, as the complex valued ones appear in conjugate pairs (an immediate consequence is that there is no "unique" real cylinder through five given points unless it a solution with multiplicity). Moreover there are open regions in the real configuration space that give each of these possibilities so none are disallowed. The basic problem of determining cylinders from five points may be recast in a computational geometry setting: Given five points in R 3 , find the smallest positive r and orientation parameters such that the cylinder of radius 2r with those parameters encloses tangentially the balls of radius r centered at the points. Here are some questions we will consider. The first three are classical; we address them here to illustrate the utility of symbolic computation in such investigations. The last ones are related to more recent work in computational and integral geometry.


With its abundant bird resources, China is becoming one of the most important destinations for bird watching. Sichuan province accounts for 50% of China's total national bird species and attracts domestic and international researchers and tourists. However, the development of birding tourism in Sichuan and relevant research are still at an early stage. This paper presents an investigation of birding tourism in Sichuan based on a literature survey, field work and interviews with experts. The paper examines birding resources, site characteristics, economic feasibility and the key factors affecting the tourism industry in this region. Current problems relating to Sichuan's birding tourism are discussed in conjunction with its prospects.


Recently, the score function difierence (SFD) has been applied to develop ICA algorithms. But such algorithms are not suitable for high- dimensional data because the SFD estimation in a high-dimensional space is problematic. In this paper, by investigating the relationship between mutual independence and pairwise independence, we develop an approach for ICA with linear instantaneous mixtures and convolutive mixtures based on pairwise independence. This approach only involves the computation of the 2-dimensional SFD and can be directly applied to high-dimensional data. The experimental result illustrates the usefulness of this approach.


Crustacean fish parasites can be used as bio-indicators of pollution. This study examined the crustacean parasites of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and red seabream (Pagrus major) landed at a fishing port in Hiroshima Bay. Specimens were collected from November 2015 to August 2016. Three species of parasitic crustaceans were identified. Caligus sp. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) was collected from the gills of a male flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus. The genus Caligus is the largest among the parasitic copepods, containing more than 250 species worldwide, and a total of 20 species have been found from marine fishes in Japan. Lernanthropus atrox Heller, 1865 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) was collected from the gills of a female red seabream Pagrus. Copepods of the genus Lernanthropus are found attached to the gill filaments of marine fishes in the world. This species is known to occur in both Australian and Japanese waters; in Japan, it has been recorded from Tokyo Bay and the Seto Inland Sea. The cymothoid copepod Ceratothoa verrucosa (Schioedte and Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) was found in the buccal cavity of a red seabream Pagrus major. Cymothoid isopods, including Ceratothoa verrucosa, are found in the buccal and gill cavities as well as on the body surface of fish hosts. This species is only known to occur in Japanese waters.


(i) Whatever principles would be chosen from an appropriate set of rival principles of justice under fair conditions of choice, are necessarily the most acceptable principles of justice. (ii) Rawls' 'original position', in which parties deliberate and choose a conception' of justice to regulate their social institutions, embodies fair conditions of choice. (iii) The objects of choice in the original position (let us call the set of these objects S) form an appropriate (but not exhaustive) set of rival principles of justice. (iv) The D.P. would be chosen by the parties in the original position. Therefore: (v) The D.P. is a member of the most acceptable set of principles of justice.


The purpose of this study was to explore how servant leadership influences followers' work-related needs satisfaction within the sport for development and peace field. We examined whether leaders used and followers perceived aspects of servant leadership, and if so, did servant leadership work to satisfy the basic psychological needs of followers (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness). Based on an online survey (n = 76) with followers (employees) and qualitative interviews (n = 14) with both leaders (executive directors and founders) and followers (employees), our results revealed that followers perceived and leaders used aspects of servant leadership in sport for development and peace organizations. Leaders used servant leadership behaviors to set the vision for the organization. In addition, followers' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness were met through servant leadership. This study supports use of servant leadership behaviors to satisfy the needs of followers in sport for development a...


The EURAMET.M.FF-K6 comparison was organized for the purpose of determination of the degree of equivalence of the primary (national) standards for low-pressure gas flow measurement over the range (2 to 100) m3/h and was performed simultaneously with CCM.FF-K6.2011 with the same transfer standard. A rotary gas meter G65 was used as a transfer standard. The measurements were provided by prescribed reference conditions. Fifteen laboratories from EURAMET participated in this key comparison - SMU, Slovakia; PTB, Germany; CEM, Spain; LNE-LADG, France; VSL, Netherlands; CMI, Czech Republic; BEV, Austria; MKEH, Hungary; GUM Poland; SP, Sweden; METAS, Switzerland; DMDM, Serbia; TUBITAK-UME, Turkey; EIM, Greece; IMBiH, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The EURAMET.M.FF-K6 is linked to the CCM.FF-K6.2011 by correcting the results of three linking laboratories (Slovakia SMU, Germany PTB and France LNE LADG). This correction provides an estimate of what would have been the result from the EURAMET.M-FF-K6 participants, if they had actually participated in CCM.FF-K6.2011. According to the evaluation 93.7 % of the results were consistent with KCRV, 3.4 % of the results were in the warning level and 2.9 % of the results were inconsistent. The results of this comparison can be used for review of the CMC tables. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


Computation tasks in Computer Vision research are data-intensive. Such tasks usually involve performing repeated single operations, such as image resizing and feature extraction, on thousands of images. They also require training iterative algorithms, such as K-means clustering or logistic regressions, on thousands of image feature vectors. To support the computation of such tasks, the CSAIL Computer Vision Group has been using 36 high-performance in-house computation servers1. However, currently there is no efficient way to distribute the processing of large data sets across these servers. Each user can only connect to one single server using Secure Shell (SSH) and perform computation task (under Matlab, Python, or C++) with data and intermediate results stored in the NFS space maintained by CSAIL TIG. The use of centralized NFS space as data storage has caused I/O to be the bottleneck for large scale data processing tasks. Thus, a distributed computation platform with distributed file system would highly improve the performance of computations in computer vision research.


The monosubstituted acetylenes 1-ethynyl-4-biphenyl, 1-ethynyl-4-phenoxybenzene and 1-ethynyl-4-pentylbenzene were polymerized to the corresponding polyacetylenes with bulky side substituents: PEBIP, PEPHENO and PEPB, respectively, using a Rh(I) complex as polymerization catalyst. The FT-IR and UV-VIS spectra of PEBIP, PEPHENO and PEPB were studied using the corresponding spectra of polyphenylacetylene (PPA), polytolylacetylene (PETOL) and poly(1-ethynyl-naphthalene) PEN as reference. Based on the spectral analysis, high cis-trasoid structures were assigned to PEBIP, PEPHENO and PEPB. The specific optical rotation of PEBIP, PEPHENO and PEPB was measured in the chiral solvent α (-)pinene and, only for PEPB, also in α (+)pinene. It was found that even at low concentration PEBIP, PEPHENO and PEPB cause changes in the specific optical rotation of the chiral medium where they have been dissolved. This phenomenon has not been observed when toluene or atactic polystyrene are dissolved in the same chiral solvent in similar concentration. This suggests that the polyacetylenes with bulky side groups are able to rearrange in a helical configuration (prevalently right-handed or vice-versa, depending on the type of chiral medium used) once hosted in a chiral medium giving a contribution to the chirality of the solvent where they have been dissolved. The thermal stability of PEBIP, PEPHENO and PEPB was studied under N2 flow by thermal analysis (TGA, DTG and DTA) in comparison to reference monosubstituted polyacetylenes PPA, PETOL and PEN. The results show that the thermal stability of monosubstituted polyacetylenes is greatly improved by the presence of bulky substitutents as theoretically expected, and similarly, also the char-forming tendency increases with the bulkiness of the side groups.


F the intracapsular frac. ture of the hip joint was considered a hopeless injury. Sir Astley Cooper, in 1820, stated that non-union of this fractme was inevitable because the blood supply to the proximal fragment was destroyed; death of the patient usually resulted from complications incident to prolonged bed rest. This pessimistic view was challenged by Langenbeck in 1850, who fixed the fracture with screws through the neck of the femur, and by John B. Murphy, in 1909, who nailed it. To date, the problems of this fracture are still not completely solved. Progress has concerned itself mainly with attempts to solve two main problems which we shall call Mechanical and Circulatory.


The objective of this study is to study the response of various chinese broccoli varieties to ratio of ammonium and nitrate and to determine the characters that have high heritability values. This research was conducted at the Screen House at the University of Hasanuddin Lecturer Residences, Tamalanrea Sub-district, Makassar from August to October 2019. This study was arranged by using nested design and randomized complete block design as its environmental design. Replication was set in nesting to each ratio of ammonium and nitrate. The main factor was 7 varities of chinese broccoli, namely Full White, New Veg Gin, Winsan, Yama F1, Sakura F1, Nemo, and Nova, while ratio of the ammonium and nitrate consisted of 4 levels, namely AB Mix, ammonium: nitrate (1: 4), ammonium : nitrate (1: 8) and ammonium: nitrate (1: 12). The results showed that the ratio of ammonium and nitrate which gave the high growth and production responses to chinese broccoli was ammonium: nitrate ratio of 1: 12 (171.38 g). Varieties that have high growth and production response to the amomonium and nitrate ratio was the chinese broccoli New Veg Gin (214.04 g). Characters that have high heritability are leaf numbers, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and total weight.


Compression of data in traditional relational database management systems significantly improves the system performance by decreasing the size of the data that results in less data transfer time within the communication environment and higher efficiency in I/O operations. The column-oriented database management systems should perform even better since each attribute is stored in a separate column, so that its sequential values are stored and accessed sequentially on the disk. That further increases the compression efficiency as the entire column is compressed/decompressed at once. The aim of this research is to determine if data compression could improve the performance of HBase, running on a small-sized Hadoop cluster, consisted of one name node and nine data nodes. Test scenario includes performing Insert and Select queries on multiple records with and without data compression. Four data compression algorithms are tested since they are natively supported by HBase SNAPPY, LZO, LZ4 and GZ. Results show that data compression in HBase highly improves system performance in terms of storage saving. It shrinks data 5 to 10 times (depending on the algorithm) without any noticeable additional CPU load. That allows smaller but significantly faster SSD disks to be used as cluster's primary data storage. Furthermore, the substantial decrease in the network traffic is an additional benefit with major impact on big data processing. Keywords—Column-oriented data stores; data compression; distributed non-relational databases; benchmarking columnoriented databases


The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of modifying model BisGMA/TEGDMA dental composite by substituting 10 wt. % of conventional glass fillers with bioactive fillers based on calcinated nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Mg doped hydroxyapatite (Mg-HAp). HAp and Mg-HAp powders were synthesized hydrothermally. Mechanical properties: hardness by Vickers (HV) and flexural strength (Fs) were tested initially and after being stored for 28 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). The experimental composites with HAp and Mg-HAp particles showed no statistically significant difference in HV compared to the control (p>0.05) either initially or after storage. Although mean Fs values of modified composites tested initially were lower (62 MPa) than those of the control (72 MPa), after 28 days of storage in SBF Fs values were greater for modified composites (42 MPa control sample, 48 MPa HAp and Mg-HAp samples). In vitro bioactivity of BisGMA/TEGDMA composites with HAp and Mg-HAp particles after 28 days in SBF was not detected.
Keywords: hydroxyapatite; magnesium; dental composite; mechanical properties;


While a number of efficient statistical techniques exist for analysis of data recorded in time, this is to a lesser degree the case for spatial data such as seismological array data, magnetic data, or gravity data. In this paper we will be concerned with a new type of analysis for spatial variables. We will study autoregressive series F(x1, x2) in the plane defined by a unilateral expansion in the lower left-hand quadrant determined by the point (x1, x2). Using artificial data, we consider the problems of identification, fitting, and estimation for such series. Furthermore, we will indicate how one-quadrant autoregressive models may be used for approximating more general types of spatial data. In this connection we discuss the problem of stability and two criteria for determining the order (p1, p2) of the approximating model. Special consideration is given to the use of autoregressive approximations in spatial spectral density estimation and illustrations are given both for autoregressive series in the plane and for harmonic series. Based on our results we tentatively conclude that, as in the time series case, there are situations for data in the plane where autoregressive procedures are superior to the conventional spectral analysis methods.


The paper is to verify MuMi′s academic propsitions(WuMi:an outstarding figure in Chinese and western culture)through the narration of the history of Chinese characters and his unique point of view on Chinese characters as well,and to remarken his inheriting and researching into traditional Chinese culture.In view of what is mentioned,the paper also probes into what attitude should be adopted towards academic controversies and how we advance academic researches under the present historic circumstances.


Hello my fellow Academy members and annual assembly guests. One year ago, when my term as AAPM&R President began on a different virtual platform, I could not have imagined that we would find ourselves meeting, yet again, in the digital space, influenced by a pathogen that continues to challenge our resilience. I was so certain that I would be speaking to you from a stage, in the convention center, in Nashville, Tennessee. But certain as I was, here we are again. Regardless of our physical location, I have been looking forward to this week. The culmination of my year as president of your Academy. I have also been looking forward to giving this address, in which I will share with you my thoughts on the subject of uncertainty, in terms far removed from our frustrations and disappointments about not being in person at the Annual Assembly. Rather, I am going to discuss a concept that is captured in a simple phrase, three words, that I have long believed represents the essence of physiatry and physiatrists: Tolerance for Uncertainty. I will ask you to indulge a short story about my personal journey that started my physiatric career. I grew up and was educated in New York City through medical school and matched a residency position at the University of Washington in Seattle, a renowned program then (and now). But I quickly became disillusioned and uncertain about my future in PM&R. As I remember it now, there were way too many "chronic" conditions for my liking, far afield from my goal of being a nonsurgical orthopedist, as was the nomenclature back then. The year was 1984 and the scientific bar in PM&R was understanding the physics of diathermy. I desired more, shall we say, cutting-edge science and believed that I would be better fulfilled as a forensic pathologist, following in the footsteps of a then TV character, Quincy, a Los Angeles medical examiner with a detective's demeanor and a bit of an attitude. So I decided to leave PM&R and I was accepted into a pathology program in Boston. I very clearly remember my level of anxiety when informing then chair, Dr Justus Lehmann, of my decision. Now let me help you understand the context. I am a 28-year-old kid from New York City telling a physiatric icon with a dominating German persona who by the way really wore button-down white shirts when hiking that I was disenchanted with physiatry and was leaving his program. At the time, I felt very certain about my decision to leave. Or was I? Before accepting that pathology residency position, I was introduced to a young physiatrist and another future and now current icon in the field, Dr Stanley Herring. Stan helped me to realize that there was a path for me in PM&R and obviously, I did not become a forensic pathologist. Dr Lehmann graciously allowed me to stay and I finished my residency in Seattle. Unfortunately, there were no sports or spine fellowship opportunities in 1986. So my first job was in an inpatient rehabilitation facility and in an outpatient pain management center. In retrospect, that job was a great decision. I figured that if one can appreciate the biopsychosocial complexities of chronic pain and disability, one should be able to handle the complexities of injured athletes. But my path was still nonlinear with selfimposed side trips such as committing great personal energy and time resources to other organizations like the American College of Sports Medicine and the North American Spine Society, all the while remaining uncertain if I would find a secure home in PM&R. Throughout my 34 years as a physiatrist, I have often reflected on the topic of uncertainty and whether that is my personal shortcoming. Now, I do not intend to go all quantum on you, but I attended an engineering university and have strangely fond memories of quantum physics classes. One of my favorite mental puzzles is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (ΔxΔp = h/4π). At its very core, this principle states that if you can measure the position of a quantum particle, let's say an electron, you have now introduced a variable, so that once you find it, it is no longer there. Now, I am going to take some physics license here because the uncertainty principle does not have a frame of reference in the macro world, but imagine I am an electron. Early in my career, every time I thought I found myself, my reality was that I did not know where I was going to be. Early in my career, uncertainty gave rise to negative constructs such as doubt, misgivings, and skepticism. But on a grander scale, uncertainty also prompted curiosity and a quest for knowledge, and in my opinion, the humbling nature of not having all the answers helps us become more equal with our patients and therefore truer health care partners. Uncertainty exists throughout physiatry. I have grown to accept uncertainty as the nature of our specialty, not a shortcoming of training or a sign of personal weakness. Received: 9 December 2021 Accepted: 9 December 2021


Objective To determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in cerebral fractalkine-induced hyperalgesia in mice.Methods Two hundred and twenty-five male Kunming mice weighing 30-40 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:group control ( group C,n =55 ) ;group fractalkine (group F,n =60); group anti-CX3CR1 + fractalkine (group CF,n =55) and group SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) + fractalkine (group SF,n =55).Fractalkine 100 ng was injected into cerebral lateral ventricle (i.c.v.) in groups F,CF and SF.Anti-CX3CR1 1 μg and SB203580 1 μg were injected i.c.v.at 1 h before fractalkine injection in groups CF and SF respectively.Paw withdrawal latency to a thermal nociceptive stimulus (PWL) was measured at 30 min before the drugs were injected into cerebral lateral ventricle and 30,60,120 and 240 min after fractalkine injection.Five animals were sacrificed after PWL measurement at each time point and their brains were removed for determination of phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression (by Western blot analysis).Five animals were sacrificed at 30 min before the drugs were injected into cerebral lateral ventricle and 6,12 and 24 h after fractalkine injection for determination of IL-1β and TNF-α contents in the brain (by ELISA) in all the 4 groups.In group F 5 animals were sacrificed at 4 h after fractalkine injection for determination of action of fractalkine on microglia or astrocyte (by immunofluorescence).Results Fractalkine i.c.v.injection significantly reduced PWL and increased phosphorylated 38MAPK,IL-1β and TNF-α levels in group F as compared with group C.Pretreatment with anti-CX3CR1 or SB203580 significantly decreased fractalkine-induced hyperalgesia and phosphorylated-p38MAPK,IL-1β and TNF-α levels in groups CF and SF as compared with group F.Fractalkine was localized at microglia.Conclusion p38MAPK signal transduction pathway is involved in cerebral fractalkine-induced hyperalgesia in mice.

Key words:
Mitogen-activated protein kinases;  Brain;  Chemokines, CX3C ;  Hyperalgesia


In recent decades, the unbalanced development of Iranian cities and the advent of many problems in various social, cultural, economic, physical and environmental dimensions have resulted inevitably in the need to use urban development plans to advance the spatio-physical condition of cities. In this regard, about five decades have passed since the start of the preparation of urban development plans in Iran; but despite gaining a lot of experience by producers and executors of urban affairs, in practice, urban projects have not been able to take a positive step in the direction of programmed development. Therefore, by detecting the causes of unachievability and failure of these plans, it is possible to prepare realistic and executive plans. Hence, this study seeks to investigate the shortcomings of the master plan approved in 2016 in Tabriz and identify the factors affecting its unrealizability by using the qualitative methods (Delphi and case study methods). Among the most significant reasons for the impracticability of this plan, the following should be mentioned: (1) the inadequacy of the design model (positivism, belief system, obligation, inductive reasoning, centrism and being government-centered); (2) inadequacy in the content of the plan (being governmental and non-participatory, inadequate subjectology and collection of irrelevant data, lack of segregation of interventions in different contexts, lack of an organized monitoring system, mere physical emphases, lack of definition of executive financial possibilities, perfectionism, lack of attention to relativism and inflexibility and lack of connection between the elements and components of the plan); and (3) inadequacy of the plan proposals and strategies (emphasis on quantity, incomplete inference, inefficiency and not including all levels and strata).


paper by Swaen and Meijers (1989; 46:826-30),' in mortality from leukaemia after occupational exposure to benzene. Subsequent correspondence2 noted that excess mortality had not been identified among byproduct workers exposed to benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in the North American coke oven industry.3 A further publication4 reported no indication of an increased risk of leukaemia in a group of former benzene plant workers. Preliminary results from analyses in progress on the mortality of two cohorts of coke oven workers in Britain may, therefore, be of interest.


Abstract : A Wake Vortex Avoidance System (WVAS) may provide increased airport capacity by allowing for reduced aircraft separation standards on final approach under certain meteorological conditions. Three sets of reduced separation standards have been hypothesized in order to describe the operational characteristics of potential WVAS systems. Analyses develop several operational schemes which allow aircraft to transition to reduced separation standards when under WVAS coverage, while maintaining larger terminal area standards prior to intercepting that coverage. Specific applications of these schemes to Atlanta Hartsfield and Chicago O'Hare International Airports are also described. Other analyses investigate procedures for and dynamics of transitioning between different sets of separation standards. Capacity benefits corresponding to the utilization of the different sets of separation standards, under various operational procedures, are estimated for Chicago and Atlanta. (Author)


The article discussed about the dissemination of hoax news that contain hate speech. The method used in this article is library research because the case is actual cases. Hate speech based on information dan electronic transactions law is prohibibted and given a strict punishment for the perpetrators. The MUI has also forbid hate speech. Keywords: Hate Speech, UU ITE, MUI Pendahuluan


Agile methodologies become more popular. Companies increasingly look to involve at least some agile elements to their development processes that help to improve their "traditional" process and if properly applied, can provide faster delivery and better final product. This bachelor ́s study deals with software testing particularly in the context of agile methodologies. As all agile methodologies built on the same foundation called Manifesto for Agile Software Development there are initially defined agile principles described in this Manifesto. The next part is dedicated to the agile testing in particular the role of agile tester and various testing techniques that are used in agile projects. Finally, the study analyses the main differences between agile and traditional (rigorous) methodologies. The practical part deals with the selection of the appropriate software development methodology using a system METES. It is extended to a significant criteria covering the entire testing process, which could influence the choice of methodology development. The aim of this study is to show agile testing and activities with which agile testers deal in their projects. Another aim is to compare the agile methodologies with traditional methodologies. This work may be used as a guide for future agile testers who would like more familiar with agile principles and future content of their work.


The plant communities of the Magada forest were described based on floristic composition and vegetation community analysis of the data collected between February 2013 and October 2013. Releves of 30 m x 30 m were taken for the woody species and 1 m x 1 m for field layers. A total of 66 releves were analyzed at altitude between 1750 and 2100 m a.s.l. Data on the species list and cover abundance were collected. A total of 197 species of vascular plants belonging to 64 families were identified. Out of these 53.8 % are woody species and 46.2 % are field layers. 84.3 % of the families are dicots while 12.5 % are monocots and gymnosperms and pteridophytes comprise 1.6 % each. Asteraceae is found to the largest family with 18 species followed by Acanthaceae with 16 species. The species and releves were classified using FORTRAN computer program TWINSPAN and seven major plant communities were described. Most of the sampled plots revealed more evidence of past exploitation (e.g. stumps and pit sawing). The vegetation of the Magada forest is disturbed through grazing and browsing by domestic livestock, cultivation and other human uses. This further retard regeneration processes of the trees and shrubs. Pressure on the resources from human population could intensify and impose more rapid and more degenerative changes. Recognizing these issues as possible future scenario underlines the need for management intervention to increase quality of regeneration being recruited and accelerate the growth of the young plants already present.


It is my pleasure and honor to welcome you to the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017 in Berlin, Germany, July 15-19, on behalf of the entire organization committee. GECCO is the main conference of the Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (SIGEVO) of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). GECCO prides itself in being the top quality conference in the area of genetic and evolutionary computation. This quality is ensured by having a selective and thorough reviewing process. Decisions on the acceptance of papers are made by expert track chairs with strong reputations, covering all the key areas in our field.


by BRIANA L. ROOT The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of ongoing feelings of anger experienced by bereaved individuals toward their deceased family members, all of whom had received hospice care. Following the death of a close other, bereaved individuals may be left dealing with ―unfinished business‖ in their relationship with the deceased, including lingering negative emotions toward the deceased. It was hypothesized that ongoing feelings of anger toward the deceased would be linked with poorer adjustment outcomes for the bereaved individual. Furthermore, it was proposed that this association would be partially mediated by the nature and quality of the bereaved individual's continuing relationship with the deceased. The study included development of a scale to measure different facets of anger toward the deceased that may be experienced by bereaved individuals. The study had a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, with the data collected during the initial qualitative phase used to inform and enhance the proposed anger scale included in the subsequent quantitative phase. The cross-sectional sample was comprised of recently bereaved family members of hospice patients, 6-15 months post-loss. Eight purposively sampled participants completed an exploratory qualitative interview, followed by 130 participants completing a quantitative mail questionnaire. Despite some issues with skew, the newly developed anger scale demonstrated good internal consistency and initial construct validity. Three


Nodes deployed spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. Most applications involve assignment of sensor devices at extraordinary environmental locations for monitoring environmental parameters and are controlled centrally at a distant site. It is necessary that the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) be able to periodically self-organize and reconfigure itself where manual interventions nor configuration is not feasible. A novel "Critical Event Detection CED_Protocol" is proposed. Simulation results of CED_Protocol shows promising gains on reduced latency and high packet delivery rate compared to other existing methods.


The utility model provides a rigid double interface of a transfusion bag, which is used for being arranged on a medicine bag. A transfusion bag interface comprises a medicine dispensation interface, a transfusion interface and a connecting seat, wherein a medicine dispensation passage communicated with the medicine containing bag is arranged in the medicine dispensation interface, a transfusion passage communicated with the medicine containing bag is arranged in the transfusion interface, and the connecting seat connects the medicine dispensation interface and the transfusion interface into a whole body and separates the medicine dispensation passage away from the transfusion passage. The utility model adopts the transfusion interface and the medicine dispensation interface, the medicine dispensation interface is in the arrangement separated from the transfusion interface, the medicine dispensation interface and the transfusion interface are connected into the whole body through the connecting seat, the transfusion and the medicine dispensation respectively adopt the respective interfaces, a needle head of a transfusion device does uses the special transfusion interface instead of the original medicine dispensation interface during transfusion, the defect that the needle head of the transfusion device can easily bring harmful bacteria attached to a rubber plug of a combined cover into the medicine liquor to easily cause the transfusion safety accident is overcome, and the sanitation and the safety effects can be further reached.