[1] In their comment, Barry et al. [2002] state that Serrano's [1998] solution is ''. . .based on odd grounds'' when I restate the fundamental fact that Richard's equation (1) is not valid when the water content, q, reaches the saturated water content, qs. Barry et al. do not give any proof or demonstration in support of their personal opinion. The unsaturated flow equation is strictly applicable to the unsaturated zone region of the soil. This is not my ''assumption'' as Barry et al. imply but the mathematical and physical limits restricting (1) and (2) [Hillel, 1980] given by Serrano [1998]: q < qs, 0 x < 1, 0 < t. To ignore such restrictions would leave (1) and (2) of Serrano [1998] as an improperly posed boundary value problem. It is easy to see that the soil water diffusivity, D(q), becomes unbounded as the water content approaches saturation: as q > qs, D > 1 [Serrano, 1998 Figure 1]. Mathematically, by reason of instability of the differential equation this would imply that in that region of the soil q > 1. However, it is physically impossible for the volumetric water content to reach a value greater than that at saturation, qs, because q qs. Therefore the unsaturated flow equation collapses as q > qs. This mathematical fact, corroborated by the physics, is what I have used in (1) and (2) [Serrano, 1998]. [2] Barry et al. seem surprised that the flow equation (1) and its solution (11) given by Serrano [1998] collapse at saturation. They mention the presence of an exponential integral in (11) as evidence of a contradiction: ''. . .which diverges as its argument approaches 0, for example, as x 'approaches' 0 for fixed t > 0 (where q approaches qs. . .).'' In fact, the true arguments of the exponential integral in (11) of Serrano [1998] Ei (x /2 Dst) are x, Ds, and t not q or qs. As x > 0, t > 0, and (2) and its solution (11) are, once again, invalid, which is in perfect agreement with the fundamental restrictions on (2) given by Serrano[1998]. If one wishes to extrapolate (11) to the saturated zone, we would obtain unbounded unrealistic values of q, but again the unsaturated flow equation collapses at saturation. Thus (11) given by Serrano [1998] does not exhibit any contradiction but rather a perfectly logical agreement with the fundamental domain restrictions of the original boundary value problem. Barry et al. suggest that the water content-based Richard's equation is valid in the saturated zone. This is completely incorrect. In the saturated zone the processes of suction on which the unsaturated continuity equation is based are practically nonexistent, except for nominal air entrapment. On the contrary, the processes of elevation head and positive pressure head overtake any nominal suction by orders of magnitude [Freeze and Cherry, 1979]. [3] If the highly nonlinear unsaturated flow equation is invalid at saturation, how does one represent the water content at the interface? Barry et al. object to my treatment of this condition as a linear diffusion equation (3) with a diffusivity equal to that at saturation. They state this is a ''nonphysical feature'' of the model. On the contrary, this is a strictly physical assumption: Near saturation, the water content versus pressure head relationship becomes almost horizontal, which means that the specific moisture capacity C(q) = dq/dy, where y is the pressure head, becomes very small and constant. Similarly, the hydraulic conductivity versus pressure head relationship becomes almost flat and equal to a constant at saturation. The pressure head-based equation of horizontal unsaturated flow equation is given by


OBJECTIVE: To extract and isolate the active components from bitter hyacinth and to determine their hypoglycemic activities. METHODS: The active components were isolated from bitter hyacinth with organic solvents in accordance with the method related to Chinese herbal medicine decoctions and chemistry of natural drugs. The impact degree for each of the extracted component on blood sugar level in tetraoxypyrimidine-duplicated diabetes model mice was observed and taken as index for the screening of active components to determine the hypoglycemic components. RESULTS: The active hypoglycemic components were obtained after extraction with water and ethanol as solvent and sedimentation with acetone, with component C showing extremely significant hypoglycemic activity. CONCLUSION: Bitter hyacinth contains natural hypoglycemic active components.


Considerable research suggests social support is one of the most important provisions of the marital relationship and an important determinant of marital satisfaction. To date, however, research exploring linkages between spousal support and marital satisfaction has not systematically examined whether some types of spousal support (e.g., emotional, informational, tangible) are especially strong correlates of marital satisfaction. In addition, it is not currently known whether the magnitude of the association between different types of spousal support and marital satisfaction varies as a function of factors such as spouses' sex and ethnic cultures. Thus, this study seeks to determine which types of spousal support are most strongly associated with marital satisfaction and whether these associations vary with spouses' sex and ethnic cultures. Participants (100 recently-married Americans and 102 recently-married Chinese) completed instruments providing assessments of marital quality, dyadic adjustment, and five types of experienced spousal support (emotional, esteem, informational, network, tangible). Despite certain measurement problems, results indicated that spousal emotional support was the strongest correlate of marital satisfaction and the magnitude of this association did not vary as a function of spouses' sex or ethnic cultures. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.


The OMCVD method has been used to deposit highly pure metal particles on porous divided substrates in order to prepare metal supported catalysts. A fluidized bed reactor has been especially designed and the requirements of CVD and fluidization have been taken into account to select convenient experimental conditions. Three organometallic compounds of rhodium have been selected and their thermal decomposition under He and He/H2 mixtures studied by infrared spectroscopy and on-line mass spectrometry analyses. The deposition are carried out at a total pressure of 100 Torr and substrate temperatures as low as 100°C. The solid deposits have been characterized by XPS, the size and dispersion of the particules have been determined by chemisorption methods or measured by TEM. These catalysts can be used without further treatment and their performances have been compared to those of conventionally prepared ones.


ABSTRACT:Menard Germplasm purple threeawn (Aristida purpurea Nutt. [Poaceae]) is a Selected Class Germplasm release developed by Texas Native Seeds (TNS), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) James E "Bud" Smith Plant Materials Center, Borderlands Research Institute at Sul Ross State University, Texas AgriLife Research, and Tarleton State University. Purple threeawn is a perennial caespitose bunchgrass widespread across western North America. This species is a common vegetative component of well-drained, low nutrient soils and is recommended for use in upland wildlife plantings, critical site revegetation, rights-of-way plantings, and inclusion in native range seeding mixes on sand to gravelly ecological sites. Menard Germplasm was selected for release because of excellent comparative growth among other naturally occurring and commercially produced populations of purple threeawn, region-wide adaptation, and to provide vegetative cover on sites with poor soil conditions. This release is justified because no tested or selected seed sources of purple threeawn are adapted for use in south, central, and west Texas.


A vast body of evidence has shown that concrete nouns are processed faster and more accurately than abstract nouns in a variety of cognitive tasks. This phenomenon is widely known as the concreteness effect and explanations for its occurrence seem to reflect differences in processing and organization between both type of concepts. While there is considerable evidence to support this concrete effect, the nature of these differences is still controversial. In developing this explanation, we have proposed a relatively different approach from a false memory perspective using the DRM paradigm. Three different experiments were created to address the importance of association in creating concrete and abstract false memories. Results showed that false recognition rates differed significantly between concrete and abstract critical words when they were associated strongly with their respective lists, which led to a higher proportion of abstract false alarms both in behavioral and electrophysiological experiments. The principal outcomes were discussed in terms of theories of associative activation and qualitatively different representation.


At present, there have been few extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging observations of spatial variations of the density perturbations due to the slow magnetoacoustic waves (SMWs) propagating along the solar coronal magnetic fields. In this paper, we present such observations taken from the polar region of the corona with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and investigate the amplitude of quasi-periodic propagating disturbances that increase with height in the lower corona (0–9 Mm over the solar limb). We statistically determined the following parameters associated with the disturbances: pressure scale height, period, and wavelength in AIA 171 Å, 193 Å, and 211 Å channels. The scale height and wavelength are dependent of temperature, while the period is independent of temperature. The acoustic velocities inferred from the scale height highly correlate with the ratios of wavelength to period, i.e., phase speeds. They provide evidence that the propagating disturbances in the lower corona are likely SMWs and the spatial variations in EUV intensity in the polar region likely reflects the density compressional effect by the propagating SMWs.


Naturally occurring Aspergillus flavus strains can be either toxigenic or atoxigenic, indicating their ability to produce aflatoxin or not, under specific conditions. Corn contaminated with toxigenic strains of A. flavus can result in great losses to the agricultural industry and pose threats to public health. Past research showed that fluorescence hyperspectral imaging could be a potential tool for rapid and non-invasive detection of aflatoxin contaminated corn. The objective of the current study was to assess, with the use of a hyperspectral sensor, the difference in fluorescence emission between corn kernels inoculated with toxigenic and atoxigenic inoculums of A. flavus. Corn ears were inoculated with AF13, a toxigenic strain of A. flavus, and AF38, an atoxigenic strain of A. flavus, at dough stage of development and harvested 8 weeks after inoculation. After harvest, single corn kernels were divided into three groups prior to imaging: control, adjacent, and glowing. Both sides of the kernel, germplasm and endosperm, were imaged separately using a fluorescence hyperspectral imaging system. It was found that the classification accuracies of the three manually designated groups were not promising. However, the separation of corn kernels based on different fungal inoculums yielded better results. The best result was achieved with the germplasm side of the corn kernels. Results are expected to enhance the potential of fluorescence hyperspectral imaging for the detection of aflatoxin contaminated corn.


This paper summarizes the toxicity of Leigongteng from toxin,clinical manifestation,poisoning reason and poisoning prevention.We draw the conclusion that the poisoning reason is relating to overuse,different part of drugs,inappropriate methods of decoction and taking medicine,and improper way of refining Leigognteng.The effect of toxicity mainly damages circulatory system,immune system,digestive system,nervous system and urogenital system.The urgent renal failure,the urgent hepatic necrosis,the injury of bone marrow and the cardiac muscle damage are the cause of death.We should pay many attentions to the poisoning prevention on dosage,administration,refining herbs and individual diversity.


Abstract This review essay summarizes recent research on the topics of gender inequalities, family obligations, and intergenerational support in East Asia. We introduce four papers featured in a special issue published in 2021 and 2022 in this journal. We conclude by highlighting the continual importance of intergenerational support and family obligations in East Asian societies. We foresee that families and gender relations in East Asia will continue to evolve with characteristics of both modern gender egalitarian values and traditional family responsibilities. We call for more research on the topics and recommend that future research should investigate the intersection of gender and other dimensions of social inequality, employ advanced research methods, and examine the impacts of recent policies on gender and family.


International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are standards and framework adopted globally to harmonize divergent national standards and improve financial reporting quality. This study empirically investigated the effect of IFRS adoption on the performance of listed firms in Nigeria using data from all the 21 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December 2016. Using two robust performance measures – profitability and growth, a multiple regression model was used to test the hypothesis of this study. The research also carried out a pre and post study to investigate if there is any significant difference in the growth of listed banks in Nigeria following the adoption of IFRS. The study reveals that the adoption of IFRS has no significant effect on performance vis – a – vis the profitability and growth of listed banks in Nigeria. Findings from this study also reveals that IFRS adoption has no significant effect on the Pre and Post growth of listed banks in Nigeria.


The reservoir conditions in the northern Germany oilfield of Ploen-Ost on which RWE DEA is the operator are well-suited for the application of water control polymer technology in production wells. Polymers are expected to improve reservoir conformance around the wellbore and thus to stimulate oil production from the lowest permeability layers while reducing water influx from the highest permeability ones. The high temperature (95°C) and salinity (130 giL TDS) of the reservoir led us to test two new polymers, namely HST and Polysaccharide G, which have a better stability than polyacrylamides. Both polymers can selectively reduce the relative permeability to water of Ploen sandstone cores, with little effect on the relative permeability to oil and can thus be considered as valuablewatercontrol agents. Because of its higher shear resistance and its stronger shear-thinning behavior, Polysaccharide Gis expected to be easier to handle than HST.


The increasing demand of biodiesel for blending with fossil-derived diesel leads to a great production of residues and co-products. Adding value to these byproducts is of great economical and environmental importance. The residues generated in the vegetable oil production are mainly used in animal feeding, manure production and thermal energy generation. On the other hand, the focus on glycerin, the main co-product of biodiesel production, is the chemical transformation into products that can be used in the production of plastics and as fuel additives.


The relevance of this article is related to the Kyrgyz people's skills in
using natural wool for the treatment of various diseases in nomadic life. As a
source of natural resources, sheep and goat wool with mineral substances were
used. Sheep's wool is the main source of wool in the Kyrgyz people's nomadic
life. Sheep wool is also widely used in traditional Kyrgyz medicine. The Kyrgyz
people knew from their nomadic experience, and scientists determined that the
physical properties and chemical composition of wool had a very positive effect
on human health. Theoretical methods were based
on the scholarly and scientific article's analysis in historical aspect.
Empirical method is a popular and important research method in ethnology, which
was implemented through surveys, participation in the process, observations and
interviews of informants who are familiar with traditional medicine and wool
products' health effects. Research results were obtained using the
comparative-historical method through a scientific cycle and a hypothesis. The
article describes how the Kyrgyz people were able to work in a variety of ways
in nomadic life, as well as promoting good health.


Keeping watch on living is seldom applied to in the current lawsuit practice; even it is applied to, often operated into disguised custody or even looser than being bailed out. In order to improve such suitable current situation , the place of residence , target , restriction on human rights of the person monitored should be understand correctly, the idea should be upgraded, then proper way should be adopted, carried out and replaced accord with the law in time.


The sleep state is essentially composed of two parts-the first, the vegetative state or the nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) stage; and the second, the activated sleep state or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Each stage of sleep has a definite electroencephalographic pattern. This makes it possible to study physiologic changes which occur in each stage, to observe the behavioral and emotional results of sleep deprivation in each stage, and to identify the effect of specific factors, such as drugs, on each stage. Preliminary results of current research indicate a relationship between various diseases and sleep that is manifested in both physiologic and psychologic disorders. If these findings are confirmed, the next step will be to identify the cause-effect nature of the relationship which could have implications for the treatment of these disorders. An EEG is the summation of the electrical discharges of the brain neurons as recorded from the surface of the skull. High frequency. low voltage EEG waves result from many neurons discharging asynchronously. This pattern is seen in Stage I non-REM. Stage I-REM and Stage II sleep. Low frequency, high voltage EEG waves occur when a large number of neurons discharge synchronously. This pattern characterizes Stage III and Stage IV sleep.


Peak particle velocity parameter is very useful in assessing underground mine working stability. Its application is widespread and requires additional analysis of the dominant frequency of the seismic signal. In order to properly analyze the velocity amplitudes of strong ground motions generated from seismic sources, time-frequency properties of near-source seismic signals in underground mines should be quantified. Using numerical calculations, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of the recorded near-source seismic signals in three perpendicular directions was obtained to characterize its time-frequency properties. The properties of recorded strong ground motion velocity seismograms for two high energy seismic events and two blasts from two underground coal mines in Poland have been extracted with the use of continuous wavelet transform spectrograms showing the duration time of each frequency group. Assuming a constant peak particle velocity amplitude on the analyzed seismograms, the duration time of each frequency group starts to play a key role. The longer the duration time of the lower frequency group is on the CWT spectrogram, the more the damaging effect on underground mining excavations can be observed. Varying bandwidths of dominant frequencies in separate time intervals for the analyzed seismic signals have had significantly different influence on the potentially damaging effect on underground mining excavations.


In the design of a windmill using a sail type rotor, there arose a need to protect the structure against damage due to overloading in excessive winds. This need was satisfied by using a novel form of load limiter in the support system of sails of the windmill. This note will analyze the load capacity wires so that one can design wires for any specified limit load.


This article describes a portal-type explosive detection unit that is designed to scan a passenger's entire body at the rate of 7 passengers per minute in order to provide a more comprehensive detection process at airports. Another technology described is a millimeter wave machine that would utilize the appropriate sensor array to capture these waves. Although previously cost has been prohibitive to produce such technologies, recent advances have made it more feasible. This type of detection is advantageous as it is safe (unlike irradiation techniques) and is capable of determining various material types.


The purpose of this article is to compare two different meteorological nowcasting products AROME-NWC and PIAF in South-eastern France. The study is conducted both from a meteorological point of view (comparison of cumulated rainfall on the whole domain) and from a hydrological point of view (comparison of cumulated rainfall at the catchment scale and corresponding discharges simulated with the hydrological model


It has been claimed that the Libby Zion case "changed residency training forever."1Whether or not that is true, the incident has been the subject of longer and more intense discussion, both public and professional, than any in recent memory. As almost everyone knows, Libby Zion was an 18-year-old college freshman who was admitted to New York Hospital on May 4, 1984, with fever and agitation. Nine hours later she was dead. To this day no one knows why. In a balanced account that is at once dispassionate and provocative, Natalie Robins painstakingly attempts to reconstruct the facts of the case and the surrounding circumstances. Her writing is clear, objective, and evenhanded, neither polemical nor defensive. Acknowledging that each party had a different version of the events, she nonetheless manages to achieve a coherent synthesis of information gleaned from more than 100 interviews and review of public hearings, trial


Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is an effective method of the discourse analysis. It is aimed at analyzing the special relationship between power and the traditional ideology in implied discourse. Traditional discourse analysis always analyzes the structure and composition of discourse in terms of linguistic features, CDA makes language analysis more creative. It deeply explores the inherent potential of language and systematically interprets the deep meaning of discourse. This paper will take the specific corpus, namely Trump's TV speech, as the language material, Halliday's systematic functional grammar as the theoretical basis, and physicality, modality and personal pronoun as the framework. This paper studies how speakers in political speech use language to shorten the distance between people and win people's affirmation and support from the aspects of transitivity analysis, modality analysis and personal pronoun.


The relationship between religion and the Internet has been attracting more attention by researchers in recent years. Magic, however, is still relatively overlooked in this area, and has not given rise to influential studies in the field. Based on investigations on the Internet, other new information and communication technologies, and a survey of the scientific literature, this article intends to lay the groundwork for a consideration of magic and new information technology, and to highlight the specificity of a perspective in terms of digital magic, distinct from that of one exclusively focused on digital religion.


Marine biodiversity is increasingly under threat particularly through fisheries. The conservation of marine biodiversity requires the development of methods for monitoring and assessing marine ecosystem structure and ecological processes. In this paper we attempted to evaluate the performance of 55 countries, jointly accounting for over 95 % of the world's fisheries catches, on conservation and management efforts of seabird populations that breed within their Exclusive Economic Zone. We considered: (a) conventions and agreements relevant to each country, as an indicator of the country's intention to engage in conservation actions; and (b) trends of breeding seabird populations for each country. We calculated a mean index of performance for each country, also taking into account the quality of the seabird population data that influence trends through time. Scores, which potentially ranged from 0 (no protection for seabirds) to 10 (effective protection), ranged from 1.59 for Taiwan, to 5.94 for France. More than 72 % of the countries evaluated scored from 1 to 4.


This paper examines activist literacy through the lens of Jurgen Habermas's theory of communicative action. It proposes that Habermas's criteria used to evaluate validity claims in communicative action can be appropriated to supplement what is lacking in activist literacy. An analysis of both a written text and an oral text is presented to show how validity claims are identified and evaluated in relation to activist literacy. This paper ends with a discussion of the implications of Habermas's theory of communicative action for activist literacy.


The problem conventionally referred to as "the plan and the market" has been a constant topic of discussion for many years. The crux of the problem is not altered whether it is considered globally or whether individual aspects of the problem—the balance of demand and supply, price formation, etc.—are considered.


On illuminating a supersaturated vapor containing a low concentration of o‐tolualdehyde with ultraviolet light, nucleation occurs. This paper presents values for the diffusivity of the photonucleator and measurements of the quenching effects of NO on the rate of nucleation. These diffusivities lead to lower limits for the radius of the photonucleators of 4.5 to 8.7 A, depending on which supersaturated vapor is used. A numerical simulation of the quenching effects of NO, assuming photoinduced nucleation occurs via a radical mechanism, was also made. The measured quenching effect agree qualitatively with those predicted by the simulation. We conclude that the photonucleators are photoproducts resulting from the reaction of photoexcited o‐tolualdehyde with other vapor phase molecules. The reaction mechanism depends on the wavelength of the ultraviolet excitation light and the chemical reactivity of the supersaturated vapor, and may be a radical reaction mechanism. In the presence of NO, the reaction mechanis...


The hollow glass microsphere (HGM)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/epoxy composite foam are fabricated by solution casting of functionalized CNT and functionalized HGM-epoxy dispersion. Five weight ratio configurations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) of functionalized–HGMs were considered and compared with 0.1 wt% CNT/epoxy to investigate the effects of hollow micro sphere enrichment. This study investigate the effect of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) on the compressive strength and storage modulus of CNT modified epoxy resin. The results revealed that the incorporation of HGM improved the damping performance evidently and broadened damping temperature range. TEM image of the composite show a better dispersion of CNTs in epoxy matrix. SEM micrographs of composite foams are investigated to determine structure development and CNTs, HGM dispersion, with regard to experimental results, especially compression test.


The current study shows that there are two types of Intermediate Phrase (ip) boundary tones, distinctively used for focus marking and syntactic phrasing in spoken Korean. Jun (2011) argued that focused ip (ipF) are characterized by raised initial high ( + H) tone and dephrasing of subsequent materials and syntactic ip(ipS) by a phrasal juncture (larger than AP but small than IP) on the phrase-final boundary and partial dephrasing of the following phrase. To empirically test the claim, an experiment was conducted where participants were given an ambiguous sentence to compose a story with. The ambiguous construction was made up of an overt NP, a VP and a covert NP. The ambiguity depended on where the covert NP goes. If the word order is a. "overt NP + covert NP + VP," the syntactic juncture between the overt NP and the VP is larger than when the covert NP is placed before the overt NP (b. covert NP + overt NP + VP). In stories where the syntax of the sentence was a, the likelihood of ipS was significantly l...


This paper introduces the human capital investment returns,human capital investment risks and human capital investment risk prevention control of the relevant research results,carding and related research achievements are reviewed.The study of human capital investment risk for prevention and control of research and practice and provide basis and reference.


A rigorous placement exam introduced into a Developmental Mathematics program increased course success rates, retention, and enrollment rates in math courses but reduced completion rates in Developmental Math and standard math courses required for a degree. There may be an inverse relationship between course success rates and total program throughput.


Wellbeing is now firmly on the agendas of many governments around the world, but this is of little use unless research on wellbeing is actually used to inform policy and practice. In this concluding chapter to the volume, three issues to help foster use in policy making are considered. First, challenges in the measurement of wellbeing. Measures will need to have broad acceptance by policy makers and the public if they are to be sustained. Next, the chapter looks at how information about wellbeing, including its economic impact, can be used to inform policy. It then focuses in more detail on challenges in getting messages across to policy makers, highlighting barriers around the way in which information is packaged and presented. Another barrier is a divided policy-making landscape, where many different actors in different sectors need to be persuaded of the merits of investing in the promotion of wellbeing. Mechanisms to address these barriers are then presented.


The project introduced here describes the geometric inspection of an innovative robot-based production process for spatially curved extruded profiles. The aim was to prove that the trajectories fulfil a given spatiotemporal tolerance level with respect to repeatability and absolute accuracy using an independent, i.e. geodetic, measurement method. In order to inspect this motion regarding spatiotemporal tolerance, it is necessary to synchronize a laser tracker with the control system of the robot with an order of magnitude of micro seconds. This resolution has been achieved by triggered measurements with a Leica LTD500. Very specific and for the production process decisive deviations of the robot trajectory have been detected as well as an extraordinarily high kinematic repeatability of the robot.


For the past 5 years Jaffe Holden Acoustics has been consulting with Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines on the design of their theaters on board their latest three classes of cruise ships; Voyager Class (currently the worlds largest class of cruise ship), Millennium Class, and Radiance Class. Designing performance audio systems for cruise ships presents a variety of design and installation challenges. Some of the challenges we will discuss include: space restrictions, cabling practices, mounting methods, power requirements and restrictions, trade coordination, client politics, and budget. Given this multitude of challenges, we will discuss the success of these designs. We will present case studies for a few ships, some commissioned and some still under construction.


Abstract A quantitative sediment sampler to be used when standing on the bottom and optional associated equipment are described. The sampler takes cores out of the bottom with the original stratification preserved. The sampler is simple and cheap to construct.


In many cyber-physical systems, imaging can be an important but expensive or 'difficult to deploy' sensing modality. One such example is detecting combustion instability using flame images, where deep learning frameworks have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance. The proposed frameworks are also shown to be quite trustworthy such that domain experts can have sufficient confidence to use these models in real systems to prevent unwanted incidents. However, flame imaging is not a common sensing modality in engine combustors today. Therefore, the current roadblock exists on the hardware side regarding the acquisition and processing of high-volume flame images. On the other hand, the acoustic pressure time series is a more feasible modality for data collection in real combustors. To utilize acoustic time series as a sensing modality, we propose a novel cross-modal encoder-decoder architecture that can reconstruct cross-modal visual features from acoustic pressure time series in combustion systems. With the"distillation"of cross-modal features, the results demonstrate that the detection accuracy can be enhanced using the virtual visual sensing modality. By providing the benefit of cross-modal reconstruction, our framework can prove to be useful in different domains well beyond the power generation and transportation industries.


There is enormous amount of multilingual documents from various sources and possibly from different countries describing a single event or a set of related events. It is desirable to construct text mining methods that can compare and highlight similarities and differences of those multilingual documents. We discuss our ongoing research that seeks to model a pair of multilingual documents as a weighted bipartite graph with the edge weights computed by means of machine translation. We use spectral method to identify dense subgraphs of the weighted bipartite graph which can be considered as corresponding to sentences that correlate well in textual contents. We illustrate our approach using English and German texts.


The non-rewarding flowers of the South African orchid Disa pulchra are remarkably similar in morphology and spectral reflectance to the flowers of a sympatric nectar-producing iris, Watsonia lepida. Field observations indicated that both D. pulchra and W. lepida are pollinated by the long-tongued fly, Philoliche aethiopica (Tabanidae). The hypothesis that D. pulchra is a floral mimic of W. lepida was supported by choice experiments, which showed that, in terms of visits to inflorescences, flies do not discriminate between the two species. However, flies probed fewer flowers and spent less time on D. pulchra inflorescences than on Watsonia inflorescences. Thus the absence of nectar in the flowers of D. pulchra may reduce the risk of geitonogamy and pollen discounting. A breeding system experiment showed that fruits of D. pulchra that arise from self-pollination contain relatively few viable seeds compared with outcrossed fruits. These findings support the hypothesis that deception in orchids evolved under selection for more efficient mating systems.


the publication of the first edition of Leaves of Grass in 1855, he proclaimed in the now well-known preface that the "rhyme and uniformity of perfect poems show a free growth of metrical laws and bud from them as unerringly and loosely as lilacs or roses on a bush" (1973 [1855]: 716). The poetry of the 1855 and successive editions drew its sound structure primarily from the metrical laws of the language system instead of from literary tradition. The poetry was rooted in language itself, as spoken in America, and not in the literary tradition that had been developed and defined in Great Britain (Gates 1985; Hollis 1983). One of the difficulties in studying free verse has been seeing the identity of its varied types. Recent research has established a prosodic identity of free verse in the structuralization of verse from the linguistic system. Differences within the free verse tradition can now be determined as variations on the ways the structuring takes place to produce meanings and effects. Walt Whitman's poetry has been shown to be highly wrought from the shaping of sound units stylized from speech and writing (Gates 1985); and William Carlos Williams's prosody has been demonstrated to be an intricate working of these stylized units in lines and across lines in such a way that the sound and meaning systems of language are exploited for polysemy and heightened emotion (Gates 1987).


Non-ischaemic, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure and heart transplantation, with a prevalence of 36.5 per 100 000 in the USA.1 Depending on the histological or immunohistological criteria employed, myocarditis is present in ∼10–50% of heart biopsy samples taken from patients with acute non-ischaemic DCM.2 When T cell and macrophage number are quantified by immunohistological methods or the definition of myocarditis is broadened to include expression of class II major histocompatability complex antigens and adhesion molecules, myocarditis is present in 40–50% of patients with chronic DCM.3 Of the many known causes of myocarditis, viral infection is perhaps the most important. From 25 to 40% of myocardial samples from patients with chronic, unexplained DCM contain viral genomes.4 Although a host of viruses have been implicated in myocarditis and DCM, viral infection is not always accompanied by inflammation.

Experimental studies in inbred rodents suggest a model of pathogenesis of viral and post-viral myocarditis that helps to explain these clinical observations ( Figure 1 ).5 Viruses cause initial myocyte damage and elicit a robust innate immune response that includes Toll-like receptor activation, cytokines, nitric oxide expression, and the recruitment of natural killer T cells. In the days following an initial injury, antigen-specific T cells and antibodies develop as the immune reaction adapts to the specific pathogen. In many cases, the viral infection is cleared and the immune reaction downregulates with little or no lasting cardiac damage. In a minority of cases, either the virus or the inflammatory reaction persists and contributes to cardiomyopathy. However, a replication-deficient enterovirus may cause cardiomyopathy by cleavage of host cytoskeletal proteins without eliciting an immune response.6 Through molecular mimicry, a chronic immune reaction may be stimulated by host antigens such as cardiac myosin or laminin, which resemble pathogen proteins, …

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 507 284 3680, Fax: +507 266 0228, Email: cooper.leslie{at}mayo.edu


Temperatures selected and avoided by 13 fish species, evaluated at decreasing increments of 3 C from 30 to 6 C, declined as the acclimation temperature decreased from summer to winter. As acclimation levels declined the difference between acclimation and selected temperatures increased for centrarchids and cyprinids, whereas the difference between these two temperatures increased for trout above and below the 18 C level of acclimation. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and spotted bass (Micropterus punctulatus) selected the highest temperatures at all acclimation levels, followed by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterus), and other cyprinids. Rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout selected the lowest temperatures. A linear regression of the selection vs. the acclimation temperatures was plotted for cyprinids, centrarchids, and salmonids.As the acclimation temperature wa...


The thermal-mechanical fatigue resistance of a Cr-Mo-V steel and a 316L steel under combined complex mechanical strain and temperature cycling has been evaluated. The applicability to thermal-mechanical lifetime prediction of several isothermal fatigue damage concepts is investigated. From a designer viewpoint, some predictions are well acceptable, in particular with the Degallaix thermal activation model for which a recent development is reported.


With the pace of urbanization,the number of land-lost farmers is on the increase.Accordingly,the issue of unemployment is becoming increasingly prominent,which seriously affects social stability and economic development.What counts most concerning unemployment is to supply them with professional education and skill training opportunities,so that land-lost farmers can be equipped with competitive skills required.Based on a questionnaire survey on Xuzhou high-tech industrial development zone's employment training,this study found that land-lost farmers' employment training situation is not optimistic.There exist such some problems as training content,training methods,training degree and training evaluation.In view of the above questions,this paper offers some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.


A total of 90 random sample of fresh and cooked meat (boiled) (45 of each) were collected from university student hostel, and examined bacteriologically to detect its safety. Aerobic plate count (APC), Staphylococcal counts and Coliforms count were examined, Isolation and identification to E.coli. The obtained results in this study indicated that the mean value of APC was 6.32×10± 1.17×10 cfu/g for fresh meat and 1.08×10± 0.24×10 cfu/g for cooked meat; furthermore APC was detected in 75.5% in fresh meat according to EOS (2008) and 86.7% in cooked meat according to Center for Food Safety 2014. The obtained results indicated that the mean values of Staphylococcal count and coliforms in examined samples were 1.10×10± 0.21×10 and 9.95×10± 2.03×10 (cfu/g) for fresh meat and 7.78×10± 1.64×10 and 2.14×10± 0.51×10 (cfu/g) for cooked meat. Incidence of E.coli from fresh meat was 28.9% and 24.4% from cooked meat. These results indicate that fresh meat had higher significant results than cooked meat due to cooked meat were subjected to heat treatment that lead to killing of microorganisms, moreover, presence of E.coli in cooked meat indicated post heat treatment infection.


conflict between rhetoric and philosophy, and of the amorality of rhetorical theory. In his summary (604-5) he introduces the idea of 'philosophic rhetoric' (without alluding to its Isocratean origins), but concludes that attempts to impose on writers of eulogy, in the Second Sophistic as before, the restrictions of morality, and in particular those of veracity, were not merely impossibly idealistic and impractical, but actually wrong, because encomium served 'higher values' than that of simple truth. P. examines these higher values in the next chapter (II) under the heading of' Missions de l'orateur epidictique': they are political, social and religious values. Regarding the latter, he shows how they assumed greater importance, especially in Aristides, than they had had in the Classical Period. This had its literary side, as epideictic orators became the main claimants to succeed the poets as sources of divinely-inspired utterance. Ch. Ill, 'Les Fonctions de l'eloge', returns to technicalities (674ff.) and, once more, to topics and types of argument, leading to some unease about the overall arrangement of the book, as this chapter is also wide-ranging, dealing historically with the educative and protreptic purposes of epideictic oratory. Its wider influence is considered in the next chapter (IV: 'Lecons de l'eloquence epidictique'), where topics once more make an appearance. This chapter sets the oratory of the Second Sophistic in its literary context, both classical and contemporary. Orators and critics agreed that there were three periods of history on which to draw for material: mythical times, Greek history down to the Battle of Chaeronea, and the age of Roman domination. P. shows full awareness of the scholarly attention that this subject in general, and in particular the study of Greek opinions on Rome and the Pax Romana, has received. In the concluding section he underlines more firmly than before the relationship of eulogy to its social and political and religious milieu, and its significance as contemporary historical material. He also surveys its Nachleben briefly but interestingly.


General topics in anesthesiology of neurosurgery include three aspects: anesthesiology for brain tumor patients, anesthesiology for cerebral vascular surgery and anesthesiology for traumatic brain injury. This review summarized literatures published in 2018 pertaining to the perioperative care of neurosurgical patients and patients with neurological diseases according to the three categories mentioned above. The topics include management of related disease in perioperative period, drugs used in perioperative period, methods of anesthesia and monitoring of perioperative period.

Key words:
Neurosurgery; Anesthesia; Brain tumor; Cerebral vascular surgery; Traumatic brain injury


In this papor,the foreign blogs and tourism blog are analyzed,they show that overseas research is during the period of development,which has gained a certain amount of research achievement.The research contents mainly contain six respects,which are tourism blog marketing,tourism blog use,tourism blog content,tourism destination image,tourism information acquisition,tourist satisfaction and pleasant.As to the research method,it gives priority to qualitative research,quantitative research as supplementary.What's more,it combines the theory of related discipline.With the help of internet and multimedia technology,the credibility and scientificalness of the results is enhanced.Finally,On the basis of a brief review,the future research trend is proposed.


The main purpose of the study is to compare grade five student's academic performance with their physical fitness. The grade five scholarship examinations has become a highly competitive examination in Sri Lanka. Due to the higher level of competition many parents push their children to attend to tuition classes. All extracurricular and leisure activities are on hold and the child is forced to do studies for long hours. Data was collected from 40 students (24 males and 16 females) during the 2014 school year to compare the relationship between their academic performances and the physical fitness. Physical fitness was measured by using the "President's challenge physical fitness test" (PCPFT) and three model papers on grade five scholarship examination were used to evaluate the academic performance. It was found that there is a significant positive correlation between physical fitness levels except for one test in PCPFT: curl ups test and scores of model papers. Among the five physical fitness tests in the PCPFT, the highest positive correlation with the scores obtained for academic papers was obtained in the shuttle run. Overall results concludes the alternative hypothesis of a "significant relationship between physical fitness scores based on PCPFT and academic performance based on scores of model papers on grade five scholarship examination for fifth graders at the participation school" is true. Key words: Physical fitness, Academic performance


In this paper an analytical method is presented which allows the exact calculation of the RMS value of the state space variables of a switching power converter, whose starting point is the unified state-space representation of the switched networks and the end result is a complete form of equations that include both the DC and RMS values. The method proposed in this paper bridges the gap which exists between the state-space technique and the small signal approximation that departs from the steady state. Ripple values are negligible, compared to the steady state values themselves. A new extended circuit model is proposed whose fixed topology contains all the elements of any DC-to-DC converter, regardless of its detailed configuration, and by which different converters can be characterized in the form of a table conveniently stored in a computer data bank to provide a useful tool for computer aided design and optimization. Finally, examples are given for buck, boost, and buck-boost regulator topologies.


Objective: Describe the possible adverse effects on population health and environment due to pesticide use in agricultural zones in Colombia, and implement the best agricultural practices (BAP) in tomato production. Materials and methods: A descript intoxicative study was carried out in the municipality of Merced-Caldas, consisting in three phases: a diagnostic phase, in which environmental and biological samples were collected, using a sample of 132 agricultural workers. In a second phase, BAP were implemented, and in the third phase, the results were evaluated. A univariate analysis was completed and posible associations were explored. Results: Average length of exposure to pesticides was 9 years. The central nervous system was the most affected (95.5%), followed by sensory organs (46.2%), the digestive system (33.3%), skin (21.2%) and others (19.7%). Organoclorides were found in 97.0% (128), inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme was found in 43.1% (45); no metabolite ethylenethiourea was found. In the environmental samples, presence of organophosphates was found in tomatoes and soil. In water and mud samples, organochlorides were found. There was a statistically significant difference between BPA farms and traditional farms. (p=0,020). Conclusions: Risks due to pesticide use were demonstrated, and the need to strengthen vigilance on the potential effects of pesticide use.


Solomon is not merely a prefiguration of Jesus, nor simply an ideal king. He is also a king judged by his own misconduct, for his sins against God; and in both Jewish and Christian tradition, his biblical biography occupies a central place in the debate on the nature of crime and punishment, repentance and forgiveness. Nonetheless, Christian literature accorded far more attention to this aspect of Solomon's biography than did Jewish writers. The correspondence that existed here was not one in which each side responded to the claims of the other, but rather a seemingly shared interest in, or need to address, the biblical account of Solomon's life. In this chapter, I will present only a few of the many treatments of this subject by Jewish and Christian writers in an attempt to understand the roots of their intensive occupation with the idea of Solomon as a sinner—an occupation that clearly reflects Christianity's attempt to grapple with the Bible and to do so through exegetical methods. More than one biblical king, after all, was held to account for his sins.


Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the association of mRNA expressions of ERCC1(excision repair cross-complementing group 1) and BRCA1(breast cancer 1) with chemosensitivity to cisplatin in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions.Methods:Malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions were collected from 46 patients diagnosed with stage Ⅳ malignant tumor,prospectively.The tumor cells were isolated and the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin was detected by adenosine triphosphate-bioluminescence assay(ATP-TCA).Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expressions of ERCC1 and BRCA1.Results:The expression level of ERCC1 mRNA was negatively correlated with sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) to cisplatin(P= 0.001,r=0.685).BRCA1 mRNA expression level had negative correlation with sensitivity to cisplatin in both NSCLC(P=0.014,r=0.541) and gastric cancer(P=0.002,r=0.625).A significant interaction was found between the effects of ERCC1 and BRCA1 mRNA expressions on sensitivity to cisplatin(P=0.010 for all patients;P=0.027 for gastric cancer patients).Conclusion:ERCC1 and BRCA1 mRNA expression levels correlated with ex vivo chemosensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions.Detection of both ERCC1 and BRCA1 may have a higher reliability in predicting the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin than detection of single ERCC1 or BRCA1 expression.


For the characteristic of friction welding machine which include much specifications,variety but the similarity and small production.This paper researched and projected the parts coding system for friction welding machine based on Group Technology.The coding system for friction welding machine is added welding specification coding based on JLBM-1,and streamline some coding used in or not when the parts of friction welding machines is classified,so as to get a new coding system for parts production of friction welding machine.With the rule,not only the parts can be coded,but provide a quickest way for its production and process design.What's more,it fills the blank of GT used in friction welding machine,as well as raise productivity of parts production.All of that can lay a foundation for industrial production.


A 47-year-old man with seronegative spondyloarthritis presented with low back and chest pain with tenderness over the sacroiliac joints and the left ischial tuberosity. A bone scan revealed multiple areas of increased uptake suggestive of metastatic disease. However, the clinical impression corresponded with an inflammatory cause, and this was verified by findings of no increased uptake in all lesions on Tc-99m MIBI. A bone scan repeated after treatment with the immunomodulating agent, Infliximab, showed remarkable improvement The value of Tc-99m MDP in the assessment of disease-modifying treatment and the negative predictive value of Tc-99m MIBI in excluding skeletal malignancy are well established in this case.


The heredity breeding theory of "Darwinism" gained widespread applications in China during 1949—1956.The asexual hybridization or graft hybridization was wildly used in new species breeding.However around 1956,the sexual hybridization,especially the distant hybridization,was in common use.Afterwards,some farmers took part in the work of heredity breeding.This article focuses on the period from 1949 to 1965 and on our understanding of the "Darwinism",and its relation to "Michurinism",as well as its principle and application.Generally speaking,the heredity breeding theory of "Darwinism" had big influence to China's heredity breeding work in that time.


Arterial stiffness and QRS-T angle (the spatial angle between the vectors of the T-wave and QRS loops on typical electrocardiogram) are essential biomarkers for estimating the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Turmeric or Curcuma longa L., which belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, is reported to have antihypertensive activity. However, its effect on these biomarkers is unknown. This research investigates the antihypertensive effect of turmeric extract on arterial stiffness and frontal plane QRS-T angle in hypertensive animal models. High blood pressure was induced by a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 28 days in male Wistar rats. A daily dose of turmeric extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) or captopril was administered to hypertensive animals for 14 days. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, heart rate (HR), QRS-T angle, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated. An HFHF diet triggers a decrease in NO serum levels resulting in significantly increased arterial stiffness, which correlates with increased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure due to ventricular dysfunction supported by the wide QRS-T angle, and also increased HR. Turmeric extract significantly enhances the bioavailability of NO vasodilators, effectively reversing all the hypertensive-induced changes studied. This extract is helpful as a vasodilator that lowers blood pressure by repairing arterial stiffness and preventing ventricular dysfunction of the heart.


CONTENTS Introduction 1 State of Play 2 Key Issues and Options for Adaptation 4 Addressing Loss and Damage .....9 Cross-Cutting Issues 10 Further Considerations Linkages with External Institutions and Mainstreaming 14 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Glossary 18


Today's complex systems are modeled on a high level of abstraction. In this context, C/C++-based description languages, like SystemC, become very important. The modeling features of SystemC enable adequate levels of abstraction, hardware/software integration and fast executable specifications. Using the SystemC design methodology, a system is partitioned into hardware and software. Then the modules are refined down to the implementation. Besides efficient modeling, the correct functional behavior is very important. Already today up to 80% of the overall design costs are due to verification. As the complete system cannot be formally verified, checking of the functional behavior during operation has to be considered. In this paper an approach is presented that allows to check temporal properties for a SystemC design not only during simulation, but also after fabrication inform of an on-line test. The method translates the properties into synthesizable SystemC instructions. By this, the properties can be checked like HDL assertions during simulation and after production since they can be synthesized together with the system. The proposed approach enables a concise circuit and system verification methodology.


Establishing women's rights became part of the moral justification given for waging `war on terror' by ensuring regime change in Afghanistan. Yet by December 2002, Human Rights Watch was reporting ongoing violations of women's rights. Western presumptions that women's lives would be transformed simply by removing the Taliban were false. This `interchange' explains this gap between expectation and reality by examining the contentious history of Afghan gender politics and the current political and economic situation. Acknowledging such factors reveals that Western intervention will not easily subvert the existing gender order. Rather, any real change will result, not from prescribing Western models, but by enabling Afghan women to be autonomous agents with the right to determine their own life plans.


A hydraulic-stepped spillway was designed using an aeration basin to provide the aerated flow to the stepped spillway utilizing a hydraulic jump. However, the flow through the entrance of the stepped spillway might separate from the first step top and impact the downstream steps at a large unit discharge, causing a so-called jet flow. A new experimental study was conducted to better understand the jet flow in the hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway with comparisons to coventional stepped spillways. The results showed that the critical condition required for the formation of the jet flow was close to the geometric parameters of the upstream aeration basin. Among these parameters, the height of the reverse step had a more significant effect on the local flow pattern, thus lowering the risk of jet flow. The relationships between the critical condition and the geometry of the aeration basin suggested that the Froude number at the entrance of the stepped spillway was the key parameter forming the jet flow. Compared with the conventional stepped spillways, the hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway could effectively extend the practical application for large unit discharges by providing a better understanding of jet flow conditions.


Introduction Internationally, an increasing number of occupational therapists are making the transition from clinical practice to academia. Many make this transition with strong practitioner identities, limited academic skills, and inadequate preparation for a competitive academic environment. A group of 13 Australian occupational therapy academics participated in blogs as part of a 12-month action research project, with the aim of being and becoming more scholarly academics. Method Throughout an action research project titled Growing Scholarship, co-participants/researchers participated in a closed blog for sharing experiences of being and becoming more scholarly academics. In the present study, qualitative data from the blogs were analysed through an iterative and inductive process and themes generated by the research team. Findings Constructing and reconstructing identity emerged as a key theme during analysis of the blogs, with the sub-themes striving to reach one's potential and growing through collaboration and support emphasising the significance of individual and macro factors in shaping academic identity formation. Conclusion This study demonstrated how the occupation of blogging can be used to support the scholarly identity and practice of occupational therapy academics. Other professionals facing change and uncertainty in the workplace could consider a similar approach to support the process of identity reconstruction.


A compact formulation of the set of tours neither in a graph nor its complement is presented and illustrates a general methodology proposed for constructing polyhedral models of decision problems based upon permutations, projection and lifting techniques. Directed Hamilton tours on n vertex graphs are interpreted as (n-1)- permutations. Sets of extrema of Birkhoff polyhedra are mapped to tours neither in a graph nor its complement and these sets are embedded into disjoint orthogonal spaces as the solution set of a compact formulation. An orthogonal projection of its solution set into the subspace spanned by the Birkhoff polytope is the convex hull of all tours neither in a graph nor its complement. It's suggested that these techniques might be adaptable for application to linear programming models of network and path problems.


In this work, measured energy use of the building space heating, ventilation supply air heating, appliances and lighting is compared against simulated energy use modelled in IDA ICE. As built energy need and detailed measured input data is applied in building model calibration procedure. Calibrated building model energy performance is studied in both measured and test reference year climate conditions. Previously modelled as built plant automation and implemented control logics are compared against measured. Geothermal plant in this study consists of heat pump, solar collectors, boreholes and energy piles. Heat pump SCOP estimated by post processing according to heat pump manufacturer's performance map is compared against measured SCOP on the monthly basis. Opinion on actual plant operation is given and energy performance improvement potential is quantified. Important parameters for successful building model calibration are presented. Building compliance with Finland NZEB requirements are assessed. The results show good match with measured energy use after the model calibration.


The crystal structure of `bis(glycine) squaric acid' [Tyagi et al. (2016). RSC Adv. 6, 24565–24576], is revised. Re-refinement of the structure against the original X-ray intensity data after correct placement of the donor H atoms proves that the compound is in fact the previously reported diglycinium squarate [systematic name: bis(carboxymethanaminium) 3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1,2-diolate; Anioła et al. (2014). New J. Chem.
 38, 3556–3568]. The findings are consistent with the pKa
 rule.


The theoretical opportunities are discussed in this study to draw up tables for mortality of children below the age of 1 year according to the available statistical information in Bulgaria. Two approaches are suggested: on a monthly basis and a combined one at different age intervals – days (0,1,2,...,8), seven days' intervals (9-15; 16-22; 23-29) and finally – by months (1,2,...,11). The methodological problems have been settled by means of combined application of age intervals of various range. The provided theoretical formulations and solutions are backed up in practice with the established tables for child mortality in Bulgaria for the year 2008.


We have read with interest recent articles about microsatellite instability (MSI) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although MSI is rare in PDAC, occurring in only 1%–2% of patients, it is of key importance to recognise in view of a likely better prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy. In addition, identifying MSI in a tumour may represent the initial step in the recognition of a hereditary form of cancer (Lynch syndrome (LS)), facilitating family screening and surveillance. Considering the rarity of MSI in PDAC, the question is how to select patients for MSI testing. Previously, it has been advised to routinely examine specific histological PDAC subtypes (ie, mucinous/colloid and medullary type) for MSI status. With this letter, we underscore the importance of cancer history as another indicator for MSI testing in PDAC. A 76yearold patient was diagnosed with PDAC by fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytology (figure 1A). A history of cervical cancer at the age of 48 years was mentioned in the medical record, but the pathology records, in contrast, reported an endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA) at that time. Since EA is strongly associated with LS, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was applied on the pancreatic FNA cytology specimen. This revealed loss of MSH6 in tumour cells and retained MSH6 expression in surrounding normal cells (figure 1B) and retained expression of the other MMR proteins (MLH1, PMS2 and MSH2). Of note, loss of MMR protein expression is a reliable surrogate of genetic loss of one of the MMR genes and, therefore, MSI. Moreover, isolated loss of MSH6 in a tumour is highly suggestive of a germline MSH6 mutation (ie, LS). In PDAC, MMR deficiency is highly concordant with underlying hereditary MMR gene defects, and observed in 76% of PDACs in patients with LS. Subsequently, MMR IHC was performed on the patient's previous EA which also revealed loss of MSH6 expression (figure 1C,D), further suggesting LS. In the final conclusion of the pancreatic FNA cytology, it was noted that this is most likely a microsatellite instable PDAC, potentially occurring in the context of LS, and consultation of a clinical geneticist was advised. Subsequent germline sequencing identified a pathogenic germline MSH6 variant confirming the diagnosis of LS in this patient. Unlike most hereditary cancers, PDAC usually manifests later in life both in familial and sporadic settings (mean age at diagnosis 65 vs 70 years, respectively). Lateonset nature of PDAC indicates that agebased preselection of candidates for MSI/MMR testing would have limitations in identifying hereditary PDAC, and that more specific hallmarks are needed. Indeed, the patient reported here had PDAC at 76 years, and, without considering personal history, would likely be treated as a sporadic case, not considered for MSI/MMR screening. Recognising personal history suggestive of LS based on less common LSassociated malignancies is particularly relevant for carriers of pathogenic variants in MSH6 and PMS2 genes that are less penetrant for colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common LSassociated cancer type. Female MSH6 mutation carriers are at increased risk of EA, whereas risk of CRC in both genders is only slightly increased, and lower than in MLH1 and MSH2 variant carriers. Thus, in addition to histological subtype, adequate patient history is a very important indicator to identify patients with MSI and a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, it shows that screening for MSI and LS is feasible even on lowcellular pancreatic FNA cytology specimens. We propose that MMR IHC or MSI testing should be performed with a low threshold in all patients with an increased chance of microsatellite instable PDAC, regardless of age. Both specific histological subtypes (ie, mucinous/colloid and medullary type) as well as a personal or family history of LSassociated malignancies must be taken into account.


Abstract : The following is a report on the findings of a study conducted by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to assess the needs and the means for improving the conventional intermediate winches used in the oceanographic community to lower profiling instruments (CTD for example). Eight major U.S. oceanographic centers were visited to confirm community needs and common problem areas, and to survey existing lowering equipment and techniques. This information was used to develop a set of general requirements for an improved lowering system. Recommended improvements included: compensation of wave induced motion, automation of casts, and capability for automatic tracking of oceanographic parameters. A review is presented of additions or modifications which could meet these requirements. These options are compared and the system which offers the best potential for scientific usefulness, ease of fleet implementation and/or retrofitting of existing equipment is described at the conceptual and general specifications level. A plan for the design procurement, test and demonstrations of a working prototype concludes the study. Keywords include: Servocontrolled and motion compensation.


This study aims to assess the strength of evidence PPAT deed, and reviewing the basic consideration of the judge in making a decision on the grant deed invalid. PPAT deed in its implementation problems often occur, Diman there are those who feel themselves disadvantaged. The PPAT deed can be optentik deed and deed under the hand. Authentic act not only prove that the parties had to explain something that was written, but also something that explained earlier is correct. The method used by the normtif juridical nature descriptive analytical research. The method used literature to read, study and record the data obtained from books, legislation, and documents relating to the problems examined. Data analysis techniques are qualitative data analysis. Results of research and analysis of data by civil perkata in Klaten Court Case No. 8 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Klt can be concluded that the evidence PPAT deed has the strength of evidence is perfect, which means true unless proven otherwise. In this case, the land grant implemented by Ny. HSD to the defendant is materially contrary to the rules and laws, so that the grant deed otherwise have no legal force. Defendant was the adopted son of Ny. HSD. According to the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Indonesia, Decision No. 82 K / sin / 1957 adopted child is only eligible to receive one third of the estate of adoptive parents, but by the judges is unfair for the Defendant receives 1/3 again considering the Defendant still taking care of their husbands and parents Ny. HSD until now. Judge basic considerations in making decisions in the event of unauthorized Act grants is based on the evidence at the trial in the form of letters and witnesses that grants implemented by Ny. HSD to LSW on August 30, 2009 is contrary to customary law. The disputed land is the ancestral land of the grandfather Ny. HSD is where there are the rights of the plaintiffs. These amendments detrimental to the plaintiff with implementation of the entire land of the ancestral heritage. Then the deed of grant No. 387 / DLG / 23/2009 and No. 388 / DLG / 23/2009 declared void, so the rice land disputes should be returned to boedel and should be considered and declared the inheritance of the deceased intact has never been divided inheritance. Thus the deed is not valid. The judge in his ruling that the lawsuit plaintiffs are acceptable.


Digital platforms, including social media, are not just reforming the economy, but their extreme sociopolitical upheavals, ex. Cambridge Analytica and similar cases, highlight a seriously transformative phenomenon which needs to be confronted. As an obvious manifestation of AI technology in business, these platforms are widely extracting value based on the monopolization of main fields of the digital economy such as: search and e-commerce services. The very nature of this disruptive technology is a challenging research object simply because digital platforms already know our preferences and innermost secrets better than we do, and can easily direct us to behave in desired ways. They seem even more powerful than any national or territorial authorities as to the distributed structure of these platforms so far has employed to disrupt local markets, as well as to trigger a social movement or to contribute toward a given election campaign. The research assembles a unique set of empirical evidence from Iran, China, and the European Union. These are about the political strategy adopted to take control of those platforms and to ensure the governance maintenance of the status quo. Through a case study, this research deals with the question "How different governance regimes take a stance on digital platforms?" Research findings distinguish three main ingredients of virtual nationalism as an initiative over world-wide digital platforms: 1-empowering the state ability to safeguard its citizens' rights over their data like the GDPR in EU, 2- increasing the accessibility of data produced inside a nation for a better governance of the different entities inside the state and 3- developing fair, transparent and efficient domestic platforms to extract and share the national data exclusively with home-made insider businesses.


Image enhancement is one of the main issues in digital image processing. Image enhancement is done to obtain a high quality image. This makes output image better than original image. Images that are obtained from medical imaging systems are of low quality. This may happen because available range of possible gray levels may not be utilized properly. Therefore images may suffer from underexposure and overexposure problems. A new algorithm has been proposed in this paper to enhance such medical images. A comparison of existing image enhancement techniques with the proposed technique based on different performance parameters is presented. Experimental results show that proposed technique is better than various existing techniques. General Terms Image Enhancement


Wikis provide a new way of collaboration and knowledge sharing. Wikis are software that allows users to work collectively on a web-based knowledge base. Wikis are characterised by a sense of anarchism, collaboration, connectivity, organic development and self-healing, and they rely on trust. We list several concerns about applying wikis in professional organisation. After these concerns are met, wikis can provide a progessive, new knowledge sharing and collaboration tool.


Changing circumstances force planning to re-define its role as a driving function shaping our cities today. One of the significant challenges to the century-old tradition of planning comes from the ageing population. The demand to age in place and its associated conditions particularly require renewed attention. This is, however, not an isolated and partisan topic, but speaks to the changing circumstances and highlights the dramatic shortcoming of a performance-oriented and segregationof-function-driven approach; one that is remnant of the early days of the planning discipline, but is still very much alive today. What has the discussion around ageing and the city brought up, and where are we headed? Two significant aspects are the body and moving away from a performance-oriented interpretation thereof, as well as a rethinking of participation not just as an information exercise, but as a co-design practice.


The study was focused toward synthesis, characterization and quantification of Pyridine derivative by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. The synthesis of novel pyridine derivative was carried out by condensation reaction in presence of inert catalyst K2CO3 and THF solvent. Characterization was done by I.R, 1H-NMR,and HPLC. Based on the spectral data, the structure of novel pyridine derivative was characterized as 5 - (4 - Substituted amino) - 3- Nitrobenzene - 1 - Sulfonyl) - 4, 5, 6, 7 –Tetrahydrothieno[3, 2 - C] Pyridine The method validation including precision, accuracy, LOD, robustness, Linearity, and range was developed as per ICH guideline through an efficient isocratic RP-HPLC.It was determined that the above procedure is specified, accurate, precise, robust, and sturdy.


Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are mixtures of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD) with a melting point much lower than that of either of its components. They have been the focus of interest in past years due to their unique properties, low cost, and wide range of applications. Despite the attention given to DES and their claimed benignity when compared with ionic liquids, their environmental impact is poorly characterized and understood. In this work, the toxicity of some DES prepared with cholinium chloride ([Chol]Cl) as HBA and organic acids, namely acetic, citric, lactic, and glycolic acids, as HBD was measured with the Microtox toxicity test. These DES showed an intermediate toxicity when compared with the respective starting materials and can be considered as "moderately toxic," their toxicity being clearly dominated by the concentration of the acid. They are also shown to be more toxic than their corresponding ionic liquids, namely cholinium glycolate, cholinium acetate, chol...


Acoustic emissions (AE) were monitored from a pressurized borehole in rock salt. The borehole, one of a series for in situ tests for compressed air energy storage, was located in the Cote Blanche salt mine in south Louisiana. Acoustic emissions signals received demonstrated a pronounced increase in activity at the crossing of a distinct pressure theshold. Some correlation of increased AE to salt movement was detected.


In this paper, we investigate the performance gains that are achievable when jointly controlling (i) in which Small-cell Base Stations (SBSs) mobile users are associated to, (ii) which content items are stored at SBS co-located caches and (iii) which content items are recommended to the mobile users who are associated to different SBSs. We first establish a framework for the joint user association, content caching and recommendations problem, by specifying a set of necessary conditions for all three component functions of the system. Then, we provide a concrete formulation of the joint problem when the objective is to maximize the total hit ratio over all caches. We analyze the problems that emerge as special cases of the joint problem, when one of the three functions is carried out independently, and use them to characterize its complexity. Finally, we propose a heuristic that tackles the joint problem. Proof-of-concept simulations demonstrate that even this simple heuristic outperforms an optimal algorithm that takes only caching and recommendation decisions into account and provide evidence of the achievable performance gains when decisions over all three functions are jointly optimized.


This paper characterizes the optimal first-price auction (FPA) and second-price auction (SPA) for selling rights, contracts, or licenses that involve ensuing payoff uncertainty for the winning bidder. The distribution of the random payoff is common knowledge, except that bidders have private degrees of aversion to downside-risk. In this model, the optimal FPA entails a lower reserve price, a higher expected revenue, and higher expected utilities for at least some or all bidders than the optimal SPA does, which suggests that FPA dominates SPA in terms of both allocative and Pareto efficiency. Increasing risk or risk aversion generally leads to lower equilibrium bids.


Introduction
Hospitalized patients are susceptible to medication errors, which represent between the fourth and the sixth cause of death. The department of intra-hospital pharmacovigilance intervenes in the entire process of medication with the purpose to prevent, repair and assess damages.

Objective
To analyze medication errors reported by Mexican Fundación Clínica Médica Sur pharmacovigilance system and their impact on patients.

Method
Prospective study carried out from 2012 to 2015, where medication prescriptions given to patients were recorded. Owing to heterogeneity, data were described as absolute numbers in a logarithmic scale.

Results
292 932 prescriptions of 56 368 patients were analyzed, and 8.9% of medication errors were identified. The treating physician was responsible of 83.32% of medication errors, residents of 6.71% and interns of 0.09%. No error caused permanent damage or death.

Conclusion
This is the pharmacovigilance study with the largest sample size reported.


DNA profiling was performed on bloodstains and saliva on various supports after treatment with commonly used reagents for developing latent fingerprints. The results showed no effect of investigated dactyloscopic methods on DNA typing compared with untreated samples.


This paper is focused on Yu Man-ju(兪晩柱)'s perception and study on Confucian classics through the analysis of Heumyeong(『欽英』). The distinct features of Yu Man-ju"s understanding of Confucian classics found out in this paper are as follows. First, Yu Man-ju perceived Five classics as the historiography about ancient China and the ideal types of historical description. So he thought that the one who want to be a good historian must study Five classics. Meanwhile Yu Man-ju considered Four books as the basic of the study of Confucian classics. Second, Yu Man-ju"s perception of Confucian classics was systematized by the compilation of reading books for Confucian classics named Heumyeongdokbon(『欽英讀本』). His compliation of Heumyeongdokbon was influenced by the form of the Five classics and Four books(四書五經) and Sipsamkyeongjuso(『十三經注疏』). Third, Yu Man-ju suggested two principles of the study of Confucian classics. One was studying mainly with the body of Confucian classics and the other was using the method of Dok(讀). Dok(讀) is a kind of reading form having the thorough knowledge of Confucian classics through intensive reading and memorization. And actually Yu Man-ju made an effort for practicing his principles when he studied Confucian classics.


It is indicated in the empirical study of the relationship between real estate market and stock market in China by use of Unit Root Test,Co-integration Test,Granger Causality Test and impulse response analysis and variance decomposition method that there exists a positive relationship of mutual influence and mutual promotion between.


Chromatic dispersion fluctuation and optical parametric amplification performance in a tellurite hybrid microstructured optical fiber with buffer layer are studied when the fiber transverse geometry variation is taken into account to improve its practical meaning and performance.


FIELD: packing industry. SUBSTANCE: this invention relates to a cigarette-packing machine for production of rigid packs with a hinged cover. The objective of the invention is to create a cigarette-packing machine suitable for production of a new type of cigarette packs, which is simple and relatively cheap to make. The cigarette-packing machine for production of rigid packs with a hinged cover comprises the first packing unit, which folds the first stock around a group of cigarettes for formation of the outer body with a hinged cover. And the second packing unit, which folds the second stock around the outer body to form a tubular shifted jacket, which surrounds the outer body for axial shift relative to the outer body. The tubular shifted jacket comprises a transfer element, in its turn having the first end, integral with the cover, the second end opposite to the first end and integral with the shifted body. The tubular shifted jacket also comprises a deformable intermediate section with a U-shaped bend between the outer body and the shifted jacket. The cigarette-packing machine also comprises at least the first seat, the first supply unit, which supplies the second stock to the first seat, the first transfer station, which sends the outer body to the first seat. The bending device of the cigarette-packing machine bends the second stock around the outer body. The second station of transfer of the cigarette-packing machine transfers the outer body together with the second stock from the first seat. The objects of the invention are also a method of manufacturing of a rigid pack with a hinged cover and a method of production of a rigid pack with a hinged cover. EFFECT: creation of a cigarette-packing machine suitable for production of a new type of cigarette packs, which is simple and relatively cheap to make. 20 cl, 16 dwg


Preliminary results from the 1990 census of China are presented for the country as a whole and for provinces. Information is included on population size and growth, migration, households, sex distribution, nationality, educational level, birth and death rates, proportion of the population living in urban areas, population density, and natural increase. Policy implications are briefly discussed.


Thrombin cleaves and activates PAR1, but not PAR2. However, cleavage of the PAR1 N‐terminus by thrombin exposes a tethered ligand domain that can transactivate PAR2. Here, we show that PAR1 and PAR2 form a stable heterodimer, which co‐internalizes after thrombin stimulation. Thrombin activation of PAR1 also induces β‐arrestin recruitment and co‐internalization that requires co‐expression of PAR2. Cleavage of a signaling‐deficient PAR1 L258P mutant by thrombin is also sufficient for PAR2‐dependent β‐arrestin recruitment, suggesting that the tethered ligand domain of PAR1 activates PAR2. However, direct activation of PKC induces PAR2 internalization but not β‐arrestin recruitment. β‐arrestins can function as scaffolds and promote activation of ERK1,2 signaling. To assess the function of PAR1‐PAR2 recruitment of β‐arrestins we examined its capacity to promote ERK1,2 signaling. In cells expressing the PAR1‐PAR2 heterodimer, thrombin induced ERK1,2 signaling was markedly enhanced and prolonged compared to control cells not expressing β‐arrestins or cells expressing PAR1 alone. Thus, thrombinstimulated cellular signaling is modulated by PAR1 dimerization with PAR2. The mechanisms responsible for PAR1‐PAR2 dimer formation are under investigation. Supported by NIH R01 GM090689.


ing considerable obstruction to the breathing. Painting with astringents or iodine does but little good, and the following radical method has been proposed and practised by Mr. Reeves with success. Place the child under chloroform, keep the mouth open with a gag, draw the tongue forward and scrape the granular pharynx with a sharp spoon; then apply nitrate of silver. Early Scirrhus of the Breast in a woman aged 56.-She had had eight children. During the last month she had felt a little aching pain in the breast. On examination, there was slight puckering of the skin near the nipple, but not involving it. Both breasts were carefully examined, the hand being laid flat over the gland. The mass was movable and not larger than a hazel-nut, but the axillary glands were already affected. Her general health was good. The patient was advised to submit to removal of the tumour and glands without delay. Lumbar Colotomy for slowly growing cancer of the rectum had been performed by Mr. Reeves in a woman two years ago. At that time she was su%.ering from hectic fever resulting from chronic suppurating sinuses about the anus. Though the local disease has progressed, she has been in comparative comfort, the sinuses having healed after the operation. inherited Syphilis in a child, indicated by interstitial keratitis and other signs.-The child complained of pain and tenderness over the shins and patella, apparently due to subacute periostitis. The pain was worse at night, not necessarily indicating, however, a syphilitic origin. The common "growing pains" of young people are worse when warm in bed, probably owing to increased congestion due to dilatation of the vessels by warmth. Sarcoma of Breast and Glands of Neck (in-patient).-This woman, aged 5i, has had somewhat failing health during the last seven years. Eighteen months ago, the glands in the right side of the neck began to enlarge, with pain and constitutional failure. Seven months ago, a tumour developed in the left breast; this enlarged much more quickly than the glandular tumour. Both masses enlarged; the skin gave way, and the breast tumour sloughed out completely; there is now only a small granulating surface left. The glandular tumour in the neck has grown to the size of a foetal head at term, and is covered with a granulating surface. It is remarkable that the secondary tumour in the breast spontaneously sloughed out, the primary glandular tumour increasing the while, though very slowly. The extreme rapidity of its early growth and the soft consistence of the tumour did not permit the hope of a result so unexpectedly favourable thus far. The treatment was general and expectant.


Abstract Typhlodromus bambusae Ehara is a dominant predator species associated with the spider mite Schizotetrany-chus nanjingensis Ma & Yuan on the giant bamboo (Phyllostachys pubscens) in Fujian, China. In the field, increased densities of T. bambusae were associated with reduced densities of S. nanjingensis on bamboo leaves. Laboratory studies at 22–30°C on a diet of S. nanjingensis showed that females of T. bambusae completed a full egg-egg cycle in 7.5 days and mated females laid an average of 3.2 eggs per female per day. The number of female prey consumed by predator females increased with prey density very fast initially at prey densities of ≤5 but levelled off as prey density was further increased. Prey handling time was over 40% shorter and the rate of successful attack was twice higher at 28–30°C than at 22–24°C. When fed the pollen of Luffa cylindrica or eggs and larvae of Tyrophagus putrescentiae, T. bambusae females could not survive to layeggs.However,predator females readily attacked females of T. kanzawai and were able to reproduce normally on this diet. T. bambusae could complete development on T. kanzawaias fast as on S. nanjingensis. The potential of T. bambusae as a biocontrol agent in integrated control of S. nanjingensis is discussed.


Abstract College student excessive alcohol use is a pressing public health concern, and many of the negative events associated with heavy drinking occur during leisure or free time. Positive use of leisure can lead to coping skills, stress reduction, and healthy development. Negative use of leisure, including heavy alcohol use, is associated with physical inactivity, stress, and short- and long-term health concerns. The authors contend that using the classroom context to help college students understand why it is beneficial to engage in positive leisure pursuits and how that engagement will promote personal growth is of critical importance to healthy development.


Establishing a prediction model is a key step for the implementation of prognostic and health management. The prediction model can be used to forecast the change trend of the characteristics of the vibration signal and analyze the potential failure in the future. Taking the vibration of power plant steam turbine as an example, the full vector fusion and fault prediction were studied. Due to the fact that the evaluation of the machine fault with only one transducer may result in a fault judgement with partiality, an information fusion method based on the theory of full vector spectrum was adopted to extract the vibration feature. An autoregressive prediction model was established. The collected vibration signals with pairing channels were fused. The time sequence of the fused vectors and spectrums were used to build the prediction model. The amplitude of main vector of rotating frequency and spectrum order structure were analyzed and predicted. The uncertainty of the spectrum structure can be eliminated by the information fusion. The reliability of the fault prediction was improved. The study on vibration prediction model system laid a technical foundation for the fault prognostic research.


The system that is composed of pipe and air chamber is able to induce resonance, which will prompt the efficiency of pulsed jet. Many factors that influence hydraulic resonance such as length of pipe, inner diameter of pipe, inner diameter of outlet nozzle, modulate frequency and preliminary volume of air chamber etc. Use computer to simulate and analyze how these factors influence hydraulic resonance. Acquire the influence trend figures of these factors on amplitude of end - point pressure of pipe, and these figures will provide the guidance for experimentation.


This thesis deals with folk fairy tales and their uses for children from the age of three to six, who attend preschool or leisure time clubs at family centres. The introduction describes the folk fairy tales´ influence on small children and their benefits to them. It also specifies the possibilities of the use of this kind of fairy tales for the pre-school children and it gives examples of the possible work with them by means of drama methods. The thesis contains particular subject-matters of particular lessons and projects that have been carried out with the children of this age. The core of this work is the description of the creation of three productions for pre-school children with the students at ZUS. There were three fairy tales processed to become an introductory parts of the preschool preventive programme. The described processes and difficulties that rose up during the formation of this project are supplemented by the scripts of two realized performances.


The paper makes an analysis of two speed regulators for an uniform response in the case of some mechanisms with periodic motion. For the first mechanism with one degree of freedom, the conditions for the uniform motion are computed, in the case where the vibrating mass is a rigid coupling with the elastic and damping forces. For the second mechanism with two degree of freedom we have applied the average method and the Van der Pol method. The stability of the solutions in the phases space and the limit cycles for an uniform response of the system.


Carbon and N parameters were compared for nondeveloped and developed soils (predominantly mixed mesic, Typic Ustipsamments, and sandy, mixed mesic Entic Haplustolls). Soil samples were collected from four developed center pivot irrigation sites and from the nondeveloped corners at depth increments of 0- to 75-, 75- to 150-, and 150- to 300-mm. Total C, total Kjeldahl N (TKN), hydrolyzable N, and mineralizable N by autoclave and by a 112-d incubation study were determined. Changes in TKN were not significant in the 0- to 75-mm depth, but in the second depth increment, TKN increased with development (507 to 569 kg ha). Total C also increased at this depth (5650 to 6400 kg ha). The C/N ratio increased with development in the surface 75 mm (11.5 to 12.2). Inorganic N increased in the top 300 mm due to development. Mineralizable N by both techniques increased in the 75- to 150- and 150- to 300-mm depth increments. Steady state values for ln TKN were calculated to be 6.6, 6.4, and 6.8 kg ha for soil depth increments of 0- to 75-, 75- to 150-, and 150- to 300-mm, respectively. The ln total C steady-state values were 9.1, 8.8, and 9.1 kg ha. In some cases, undeveloped soil contained more N and C than these steady-state values, suggesting that development tended to decrease the soil test values. If the undeveloped soil was lower in N or C than the steady-state value, development tended to increase the test value. Total C, TKN, hydrolyzable N, mineralizable N (both techniques), and inorganic soil N were all highly correlated. Changes in TKN and total C were not correlated to landscape position or time since development.


Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) alludes to the theory of having a large number of transmitter chains at the base station, which in turn provides the higher spectral and energy efficiency with reduced radiated power and greater simplicity in the signal processing. In this paper, we have improved the energy efficiency of Massive MIMO by considering the effects of nonlinear amplifiers in each transmitter branch. We have designed the system by calculating the optimal number of transmitters and receivers with the optimal transmitted power and their corresponding spectral efficiency in terms of energy efficient prospective of Massive MIMO under both the perfect and imperfect channel conditions at different power consumption and area of coverage. We have evaluated the impacts of nonlinear amplifiers by calculating the energy efficiency at different efficiencies and distortion losses of nonlinear power amplifiers. In order to solve the optimization problem of energy efficiency, we have proposed an alternative optimization method which converges quickly and provides the optimal parameters under both the perfect and imperfect channel conditions.


Today's software is getting more and more complex and harder to understand. Models help to organize knowledge and emphasize the structure of a software at a higher abstraction level. While the usage of model-driven techniques is widely adopted during software construction, it is still an open research topic if models can also be used to make runtime phenomena more comprehensible as well. It is not obvious which models are suitable for manual analysis and which model elements can be related to what type of runtime events. This paper proposes a collection of runtime event types that can be reused for various systems and meta-models. Based on these event types, information can be derived which help human observers to assess the current system state. Our approach is applied in a case study and evaluated regarding generalisability and completeness by relating it to two different meta-models.