From the reaction of titanium(III), vanadium(III), and chromium(III) chloride with molten diethylammonium chloride the complex anions TiCl63–, Ti2Cl93–, V2Cl93–, and Cr2Cl93– were isolated. The electronic absorption spectra and temperature-range magnetic properties of these complexes have been measured and these data are compared with results of earlier studies on alkali-metal salts of the M2Cl93– anions. In particular, the effect of varying the cation upon any antiferromagnetic interaction within the binuclear M2Cl93– anions is investigated. The far-i.r. (500–200 cm.–1) and Raman spectra of the TiCl63– anion are also reported and the ν1, ν2, ν3, and ν5 fundamentals assigned. The electron-transfer spectrum of this same anion is also assigned and the optical electronegativity parameter χopt for TiIII calculated to be 1·85. The titanium(III) complex [C5H6N]3TiCl6 is formed when titanium(II) chloride reacts with molten pyridinium hydrochloride.


The volume forges a new look at the 'native speaker' by situating him/her in wider sociopolitical contexts. Using anthropological and educational frameworks and ethnographic data from around the world, the book addresses the questions of who qualifies as a 'native speaker' and his/her social relations in the regime of standardization in multilingual situations.


The collected papers from the symposium are published in this special symposium issue of The Colunbia Journal of European Law. INTRODUCTION No other issue is of greater importance to the European Union today than whether and how Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) will be attained. If EMU can be successfully achieved, not only will it produce substantial economic and monetary benefits, but its success will have great political and psychological significance. A strong EMU is apt to promote further efforts toward a federal union. Conversely, if EMU fails or if there are protracted delays in its attainment, if too many Member States remain permanently outside the monetary union, or if some states suffer serious economic and social disruption as a consequence of joining the monetary union, then such shortfalls will adversely affect the present level of political integration in the European Union. The title of this article represents a pun, but a pun with a point that responds to the tensions between these dreams of EMU's success and fears of its failure. The emu is a large Australian bird, but, like the better-known ostrich, the emu does not fly. However, it can run very fast. The point is, that during the early stages of planning for the EMU there were some very high-flying aspirations for what it might attain, and what its attainment might mean for the political future of the European Union. Since then, these aspirations have been considerably chilled by political and economic realities. Still, one can reasonably hope that when the EMU structure is in place, it, like the Australian emu, will run very fast-that, while it may not achieve the highest goals imagined by some proponents, the EMU will function well at a more modest but realistic level. The goal of an Economic and Monetary Union, sometimes also called the European Monetary Union, has been a central preoccupation of the European Community for many years. In fact, the idea of substantial economic and monetary coordination dates to the origin of the Community, and a proposal for a monetary union was advanced as early as 1971. In its description of the current monetary union plan and progress toward its attainment, this Article will deal initially in Part I with the goals which have inspired the current efforts to attain EMU, namely the perceived benefits of an integrated Community monetary system regulated by a central bank system, together …


The Browne Review's proposals,30 if implemented, would alter fundamentally the pattern of checks and balances in higher education in England. They would be likely to give rise to entirely new requirements in student complaint-handling and to reconfigure the way institutions view the design and implementation of the "systems" that make up their infrastructure. It is far from clear after some weeks of debate, and indications in the press that ministers wish to distance themselves from some parts of what is proposed, that the whole package is likely to be accepted. But recent history suggests that once a higher education policy suggestion has been floated it tends to drift back in on the tide. There is much to be said for taking stock of the Browne ideas so as to assess their possible effects. One of the most important changes required would be the repeal, at least in so far as it affects the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), of the parts of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 that set up the Higher Education Funding Councils.31 In its place, a new Higher Education Council (HEC) would, Browne proposes, amalgamate the functions of HEFCE, the Office of the Independent Adjudicator (OIA), the Office for Fair Access (OFFA) and the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA).32 The HEFCE and the QAA moved smartly in their formal responses to the publication of the Review to indicate a willingness to assist the Government to think things through and the OIA spoke strongly of the need for a continuing independent body for students to turn to when internal procedures were exhausted. This reaction seems to have prompted some pause for thought. The Browne Review includes among the responsibilities of the new HEC the duty to "adjudicate on disputes between students and institutions" (Browne, 6.6). What is intended and how would it work? The proposals are as follows:


The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of BPR in Surabaya in the periodDecember 2010 and December 2011 was assessed through financial ratios represented bythe Reserve Requirement (RR), ROA, and DER. RR which in general has increased, as seenfrom the Rural "A" is an increase of 0.9%, "B" 0.06%, "C" 0.16%, "E" of 0.25%, "H" 9.33%,return on assets ratio has increased BPR in Surabaya from December 2010 to December2011. The increase in ROA is represented BPR BPR "A" of 2.38%, "B" 0.32%, "C" 0.05%,"G" 0.28%, "H" 1.76%. The increase in the value of ROA shows that BPR had improvedperformance compared to the past. In general assessment of the ratio of DER in December2011 has increased compared to December 2010 the percentage value that can be seen fromRural "A" 23.78%, "B" 54.71%, "E" 277.43% "H" of 56, 17%. Rural health in general inSurabaya is in good healthy condition in December 2010 or December 2011Keywords: BPR, Financial Ratios, Camel


This study estimates the effects of human capital underutilization on economic growth and productivity. This paper investigated the relationship between underutilization of human capital and economic growth using a variety of econometric tests like the Augmented Dickey Fuller test, the Johansen Integration test, and the ARDL model. The results indicate that, there is a negative relationship between human capital underutilization and economic growth. The results indicate that underutilization of human capital has a greater long-term impact on economic growth than it does in the short run. Reforms to education and training systems are required in order to maximise human capital utilisation and thus increase productivity and economic growth.


2 7 2 C L I N I C A L . D I A B E T E S J O U R N A L S . O R G mation rarely influences a physician's practice. Clinicians don't know if their patients are being adherent to the medications they prescribe. We have shown that at least some of the time, flying blind likely confuses physicians into thinking that poor adherence represents a lack of medication efficacy. And this leads doctors to move on to the next, and often more expensive, option."


Introduction: The promotion of physical activity in school is characterized by improvements in the quality of life forstudents. In this context, the physical education teacher's has a fundamental role in school, and it is essential to act in thesecases. Training during the graduation course in physical education on how to act in emergency situations lead to act in differentsituations. Methodology: Bibliographic review by subject. Original and review articles were used between 2010-2018 obtainedfrom researches conducted in electronic databases and free-access scientific sites: (Scielo-Scientific Electronic Library Online,Periodicals Capes and PubMed), where the terms "Physical Education", "First Aid", "Injuries", "School", "Emergency", "Teacher",and "Knowledge" were used. Objective: To carry out a bibliographical review on the preparation of physical education teachers inthe school environment related to first aid. Conclusion: The school physical education teacher is not prepared to perform thenecessary first aid procedures. This unpreparedness results from the absence of continuing education on the subject aftergraduation that is pointed out as a means of keeping teachers up to date and prepared. Physical education teachers hasobligation to remain updating in first aid knowledge (e.g. training courses, congresses, lectures, among others). Furthermore, theinclusion of the content "Basic Notions of First Aid" in physical education classes is an interesting pedagogical tool.


(1997) Pediatrics 99, 825. Blass EM. . Milk-induced hypoalgesia in human newborns. . Jun; . : . –9. .

[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

To determine the effectiveness of milk and its components for reducing crying in newborns during and after a blood collection procedure.

Randomised, double blind, controlled trial.

A community hospital in New York, USA.

72 vaginally delivered infants (42% boys, 85% white) with Apgar scores ≥ 8 at 1 minute and ≥ 9 at 5 minutes. 81% of the infants were breast fed.

Infants were assigned to 1 of 9 treatment groups (8 infants per group): sucrose 12%; Ross Special Formula (a solution approximating human milk containing 7.5 ml protein, 3.24 g lactose, 1.85 ml fat, and water to make 50 ml); Similac, a commercially available milk; lactose 7%; fat/lactose (3.5 g lactose, 1.85 ml fat, and water to make 50 ml of solution); fat (1.85 ml of a coconut and soy oil blend and 48.15 ml water); protein (7.5 ml provimin and 35 ml water); concentrated fat …

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Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/ibe It is well established that people today are spending more time indoors than ever before [1] with some spending more than 80% of their lifetime indoors [2]. If this is combined with what is referred to as the built environment, then many of us may be living nearly 100% of our time in city and suburban areas. The indoor and built environment has become the most important part of our physical surroundings. This has lead to dramatic differences in exposure between indoor and outdoor air toxicants involving types of contaminants, concentration of pollutants, and their sources [2–4]. Although a key factor, pollutant exposure constitutes only one characteristic of the modern indoor environment. Other emerging factors that are just as important [5, 6] include life-style changes from inactivity and modern non-physical indoor activities such as watching television. With current trends of increased obesity, diabetes, asthma and other chronic diseases associated with westernised society, it would appear that a blending of these health concerns with pollutant exposure and the physical environment is occurring. These life-style type diseases appear, in part, to be a result of different working environments, together with changes in habits, activities and way of living. The interactions between changes of life-style, pollutant exposure combinations associated with the indoor and built environment and the physical characteristics of living environments have not been readily addressed as a combination, if even currently recognised. Consideration of these three scenarios or characteristics makes it likely they will be acting in some combinatorial manner which may be synergistic and result in the generation of future effects. Inactivity and sedentary life-styles lead to obesity which with exposure to indoor toxicants such as formaldehyde and other elements of the physical environment will surely have some effect. However, the possibility of such associations may have only recently been recognised. Historically, exposure to toxicants was evaluated in combination only with the physical environment (e.g. building structure and its mechanics) [3, 7]. Today, the need exists for more detailed examination of the environment with inclusion of these modern disease events associated with changes in life-style. Many researchers have examined living in the built environment in association with exposure to toxicants, but have not readily included life-style or associated resultant outcomes which, for example, might include type II diabetes [7–9]. Extending this argument: it could be that those with type II diabetes are spending more time indoors than outdoors resulting in modification, most likely an exacerbation, of the diabetic condition. How any such interrelationship between diabetes and exposure related to additional time spent indoors can be correlated or, indeed, related to future disease outcome is at present unknown. We have to accept that little is known about the


3538 Background: E3200 demonstrated improved survival (OS) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received second-line therapy with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) in combination with FOLFOX4. Dose reductions of bevacizumab to 5 mg/kg were allowed for: hypertension, bleeding and thrombosis of ≤ grade 2; proteinuria of > 2 grams/24 that resolved to <0.5 grams/24hrs; liver function abnormalities ≥ grade 3 that resolved to ≤ grade 1.

METHODS
Data on dose modifications of bevacizumab were obtained from a post-study survey of participating institutions for all participants. Median OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined based upon a dose reduction any time during treatment. Hazard ratios (HR) for OS and PFS were stratified by number of cycles (1-5, 6-10, 11+) to adjust for the time-varying nature of dose reductions.

RESULTS
Surveys were received on 84% of E3200 patients treated with bevacizumab. Dose reductions of bevacizumab were performed in 134 of 240 (55.8%) patients treated with FOLFOX + bevacizumab (Arm A) and 77 of 205 (37.6%) patients treated with bevacizumab alone (Arm C). The average number of cycles of bevacizumab administered at a dose reduction for Arm A is 42% and for Arm C is 52%.

CONCLUSIONS
OS and PFS on E3200 were not compromised for patients who underwent dose reductions of bevacizumab. [Table: see text] [Table: see text].


Technological progress is currently running so rapidly, its development has been felt by all levels of society. For example, current technological developments have actually made it easier for us to learn to read and write Al-Quran. Proven applications have emerged such as digital Al-Quran, then applications to learn to recognize and write hijayah letters. In the conventional learning method, almost all teachers teach writing Al-Quran sentence with conventional instructional media by using a white board. We proposed a mobile application that can help students to learn how to write Al-Quran sentence in attractive way by using their finger. Since this application still in prototype stage, further study and analysis of the usability of this application are necessary to validate the feasibility in real implementation. Usability testing using USE questionnaire had been conducted to find out if application can be accepted by users. We give 30 questions about usability to 5 respondents that are familiar with android application. The result show that, the proposed application is acceptable to users in term of Usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning and satisfaction with the score of percentage is 95.36%.


Technological advances enable sellers to price discriminate based upon a customer's revealed purchasing intentions. E‐tailers can track items in " shopping carts " and RFID tags enable retailers to do the same in bricks and mortar stores. In order to leverage this information, it is important to understand how this new visibility impacts pricing and market outcomes. We propose a model in which a seller sets prices for Goods A and B, allowing for the possibility of sequentially revising the price for good B if the buyer reveals a preference for Good A by making an initial purchase decision. We derive comparative statics results for the prices of products that have super‐additive or sub‐additive values, and also for the associated profits. We also run simulations for a range of distributions of buyer values, to compare sequential pricing with mixed bundling. The results indicate that IT enabled sequential pricing can increase profits relative to mixed bundling or pure components pricing for substitute goods due to a reduction of intra‐seller competition. We also consider the case of goods with positively or negatively correlated values and find that when sellers can condition the second good's price on the buyer's decision to purchase the first good, sequential pricing increases profits when customer's values for the goods are highly positively correlated.


Building on the mapping relations between analytic functions and periodic functions using the abstract operators $\cos(h\partial_x)$ and $\sin(h\partial_x)$, and by defining the Zeta and related functions including the Hurwitz Zeta function and the Dirichlet L-function in the form of abstract operators, we have obtained many new series expansions associated with these functions on the whole complex plane, and investigate the number theoretical properties of them, including some new rapidly converging series for $\eta(2n+1)$ and $\zeta(2n+1)$. For $n\in\mathbb{N}$, each of these series representing $\zeta(2n+1)$ converges remarkably rapidly with its general term having the order estimate: \[O(m^{-2k}\cdot k^{-2n+1})\qquad(k\rightarrow\infty;\quad m=3,4,6).\]


The following papers were presented at the conference: Social Science Methods in Forecasting (Heidemann,C): Transport in Society (Pahl,R and Vickerman,RW): Learning from Institutions to Improve Transport Planning (Gakenheimer,R): Social Structure, Employment and Everyday Mobility (Haumont,A): Transport Sociology (De Boer,E): Social Research in Transport -The French Experience as seen from the UK (Benwell,M): The Contribution of Social Sciences to Transport Research in Germany (Paradeise,C and Offner,JM): Contribution of the Social Sciences to Transport Research in Britain (Agnew, M); Social Problems and Transport Solutions (Garden,J): Travel Behaviour in a Societal Framework (Lenntorp,B): Transport Problems and Social Structure (Town,SR): Mobility and Social Groups (Matalon, B): Cooperation with Citizens in Operation Planning and Trial Operation of New Transportation Systems (Krampe, G): Development of Monitoring Methods in Some French Cities (Offner, JM, Bieber, A and Tarrius, A): Methodology to Take Account of Social Change in Forecasting (Hollings, D): Cooperation Between Empirical Research on Transport Behaviour and Transport Policy Making (Broeg,W): Passenger Transport in Rural Areas. On Some Beliefs, Findings and Fears in West Germany (Heinze, GW). For an Abstract of the paper by Town, SW, see TRIS abstract no. 361660. (TRRL)


Electrophilic aromatic substitution apparently takes place by the formation of an intermediate pentadienate cation, +ArG, where Ar is an aromatic molecule and G is a portion of the reagent.


Na2ZrO3 was tested as bifunctional catalyst sorbent using cellulose as model biomass under pyrolytic conditions. Thermogravimetric analyzer connected to a mass spectrometer (TG-MS) was used to study the influence of Na2ZrO3 on the gas evolution from cellulose pyrolysis. The weight loss data and gas evolution was analyzed over a temperature range of 200–800 °C. Na2ZrO3 showed a clear catalytic influence during cellulose pyrolysis, and it was actively catalyzing tar cracking and reforming reactions at elevated temperatures. A comparison with CaO was conducted under identical conditions and results showed that Na2ZrO3 mixed samples were able to produce higher yield of hydrogen from cellulose, mainly due to participating in tar-cracking and reforming reactions at lower temperatures than CaO (500 °C for Na2ZrO3, compared to 600 °C for CaO). The study showed that Na2ZrO3 can act as catalyst for pyrolysis reactions of cracking and reforming, and subsequently remove CO2 produced in situ. The results suggest that ...


The most useful knowledge when attempting to prevent a chronic disease is that of the factors influencing its attack rate. A knowledge of the factors relating to mortality rates and prevalence rates is less valuable for this purpose, as both are secondary indices, mortality varying directly with attack rate and case fatality rate, and prevalence varying directly with the attack rate and indirectly with the case fatality rate. It is therefore regrettable that the attack rate of tuberculosis has been so little studied in comparison with the vast literature on mortality. Such studies as have been published have been summarized in the Prophit Report (Daniels, Ridehalgh, Springett, and Hall, 1948). This work consisted mainly of follow-up studies on medical students and nurses, and the results of studies on such selected material are unlikely to be generally applicable. The only study of the attack rate of tuberculosis in the general population is that of Springett (1951) which, in spite of its general excellence, can be criticized on the grounds that the population on which the attack rate was studied was somewhat ill defined. It therefore seemed of value to see what information could be obtained on this point from the material obtained from the two Rhondda Fach surveys (Cochrane, Cox, and Jarman, 1952, 1955).


The influence of outside heat preservation of exterior walls to the architectural paint industry is introduced.The problems ought to be focused on during the development of exterior wall coatings in circumstances of building energy conservation are discussed.


Objective: To investigate the patients' attitude towards disposable dental instruments boxes and autoclaving ones. Methods: Totally 942 outpatients from January to February in 2008 were investigated. Results: 568 patients (60.3%) preferred autoclaving trays, while 374 patients (39.7%) preferred disposable dental instruments boxes. There was significant difference between the attitude of patients with different education levels (P 0.01). Conclusion: Patients prefer autoclaving dental instruments boxes, if they are strictly sterilized.


In calamondin, which is self-compatible, ribonuclease (RNase) activity was found in the stigmatic diffusate. Tissue print experiments using calamondin styles demonstrated that most of the RNase is localized in the stigma. Stigmatic RNase activity was monitored at different developmental stages of the flower and was found to peak at anthesis. An SDS-PAGE-zymogram indicated the molecular mass of this RNase to be 24 kDa. In vitro germination of calamondin pollen showed a higher percentage of germination in the presence of diffusate from one stigma than in the control. However, diffusates from 3, 5 and 7 stigmata per 100 μl aliquots of growth medium, exhibiting 15, 25 and 35 units ml -1 RNase activity, respectively, had successively stronger inhibition effects on the percentage of germination. Diffusate from 7 stigmata inhibited pollen tube elongation, as well as pollen germination. Both the 24-kDa stigmatic RNase and RNase Tl significantly inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. In pollen tubes treated with either the 24-kDa stigmatic RNase or RNase T1, considerable deposition of callose was observed, as compared to the control which had only a thin callosic cell wall.


A primary challenge for the safe integration of small UAS operations into the National Airspace System (NAS) is traffic deconfliction, both from manned and unmanned aircraft. The UAS Traffic Management (UTM) project being conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) considers a layered approach to separation provision, ranging from segregation of operations through airspace volumes (geofences) to autonomous sense and avoid (SAA) technologies for higher risk, densely occupied airspace. Cooperative SAA systems, such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and/or vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems provide significant additional risk mitigation but they fail to adequately mitigate collision risks for non-cooperative (non-transponder equipped) airborne aircraft. The RAAVIN (Radar on Autonomous Aircraft to Verify ICAROUS Navigation) flight test being conducted by NASA and the Mid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership (MAAP) was designed to investigate the applicability and performance of a prototype, commercially available sUAS radar to detect and track non-cooperative airborne traffic, both manned and unmanned. The radar selected for this research was a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar with 120 degree azimuth and 80 degree elevation field of view operating at 24.55GHz center frequency with a 200 MHz bandwidth. The radar transmits 2 watts of power thru a Metamaterial Electronically Scanning Array antenna in horizontal polarization. When the radar is transmitting, personnel must be at least 1 meter away from the active array to limit nonionizing radiation exposure. The radar physical dimensions are 18.7cm by 12.1cm by 4.1cm and it weighs less than 820 grams making it well suited for installation on small UASs. The onboard, SAA capability, known as ICAROUS, (Independent Configurable Architecture for Reliable Operations of Unmanned Systems), developed by NASA to support sUAS operations, will provide autonomous guidance using the traffic radar tracks from the onboard radar. The RAAVIN set of studies will be conducted in three phases. The first phase included outdoor, ground-based radar evaluations performed at the Virginia Tech's Kentland Farm testing range in Blacksburg, VA. The test was designed to measure how well the radar could detect and track a small UAS flying in the radar's field of view. The radar was used to monitor 5 test flights consisting of outbound, inbound and crossing routes at different ranges and altitudes. The UAS flown during the ground test was the Inspire 2, a quad copter weighing less than 4250 grams (10 pounds) at maximum payload. The radar was set up to scan and track targets over its full azimuthal field of view from 0 to 40 degrees in elevation. The radar was configured to eliminate tracks generated from any targets located beyond 2000 meters from the radar and moving at velocities under 1.45 meters per second. For subsequent phases of the study the radar will be integrated with a sUAS platform to evaluate its performance in flight for SAA applications ranging from sUAS to manned GA aircraft detections and tracking. Preliminary data analysis from the first outdoor ground tests showed the radar performed well at tracking the vehicle as it flew outbound and repeatedly maintained a track out to 1000 meters (maximum 1387 meters) until the vehicle slowed to a stop to reverse direction to fly inbound. As the Inspire flew inbound tracks from beyond 800 meters, a reacquisition time delay was consistently observed between when the Inspire exceeds a speed of 1.45 meters per second and when the radar indicated an inbound target was present and maintained its track. The time delay varied between 6 seconds to over 37 seconds for the inbound flights examined, and typically resulted in about a 200 meter closure distance before the Inspire track was maintained. The radar performed well at both acquiring and tracking the vehicle as it flew crossing routes out past 400 meters across the azimuthal field of view. The radar and ICAROUS software will be integrated and flown on a BFD-1400-SE8-E UAS during the next phase of the RAAVIN project. The main goal at the conclusion of this effort is to determine if this radar technology can reliably support minimum requirements for SAA applications of sUAS. In particular, the study will measure the range of vehicle detections, lateral and vertical angular errors, false and missed/late detections, and estimated distance at closest point of approach after an avoidance maneuver is executed. This last metric is directly impacted by sensor performance and indicates its suitability for the task.


A distributed home network system supporting a ubiquitous environment is provided to allow a user to input a target value of energy and later receive a warning notification when an excess of the usage amount of energy is expected. A distributed control module is installed in devices(100) such as a home appliance, an OA(Office Automation) device, an electric device, a communication device, a lighting device, an energy monitoring device, and a home security unit, and groups the devices as members of a home network. When each device is given the authority according to an internal setting, it serves as a home server for managing the home network, however, if each device is not given the authority, it serves as a client. Each device performs autonomous distributed control in the home network centering on a device set as a server. When the device set as the server has a problem, one of the other normal client devices is set as a server to manage the home network. When the arbitrary client device breaks down, it is excluded from the network and the normal remaining devices form the home network. The device set as the server has the authority to control the respective clients from within or outside the home network.


We describe a functional framework suitable to the analysis of the Cahn–Hilliard equation on an evolving surface whose evolution is assumed to be given a priori. The model is derived from balance laws for an order parameter with an associated Cahn–Hilliard energy functional and we establish well-posedness for general regular potentials, satisfying some prescribed growth conditions, and for two singular non-linearities – the thermodynamically relevant logarithmic potential and a double-obstacle potential. We identify, for the singular potentials, necessary conditions on the initial data and the evolution of the surfaces for global-in-time existence of solutions, which arise from the fact that integrals of solutions are preserved over time, and prove well-posedness for initial data on a suitable set of admissible initial conditions. We then briefly describe an alternative derivation leading to a model that instead preserves a weighted integral of the solution and explain how our arguments can be adapted in order to obtain global-in-time existence without restrictions on the initial conditions. Some illustrative examples and further research directions are given in the final sections.


The algorithm of automatic speech quality analysis is considered and experimentally studied on the basis of the maximum rate criterion of information production at the speaker vocal tract output. A new algorithm for automatic speech quality analysis is synthesized and experimentally tested using cepstral transformation for signal parameterization.


A review of the studies on caste and class in contemporary India could be undertaken in terms of available replies to a set of questions, such as : what is the nature and reality of caste and class in Indian society today ? In what ways are changes at the level of these two categories interlinked, or generate processes significant to the transformation of the system of social stratification ? And, what bearing have these processes upon the modernisation of Indian society ? The following pages are devoted to a treatment of these questions in the light of some recent studies on caste and class.


Teachers' emotions and well-being are critical not only for their personal and professional development but also for facilitating holistic development of students. With increasing risks and uncertainties from sociopolitical changes and the global pandemic, teachers are facing tremendous stress which has affected their self-efficacy. This cross-sectional study of 1614 teachers from 50 primary schools in Hong Kong investigates how teachers' perception of emotional competences and their emotional labour strategies relate to their self-efficacy in moral and character education via confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The results reveal that both teachers' emotional competences and teachers' emotional labour strategies are positively associated with teachers' self-efficacy in moral and character education. Understanding the relationships among emotional competences, emotional labour strategies and teachers' self-efficacy may be the first step in intervention implementation and effective policy development that could improve teachers' self-efficacy in their provision of moral and character education.


Methodology Subjects Sixty-eight subjects (18–70 years) with chronic (>6 months) non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy (clinical and ultrasound diagnosis). Experimental procedure Following assessment, subjects were randomly assigned to two treatment groups for 12 weeks: (1) eccentric training alone (ECC=34, 59% female, increasing to 3 sets of 15 loads, 2/day, 7 days/week), and (2) an eccentric training and low-intensity shock wave treatment group (ECC+SW=34, eccentric training and three-weekly sessions of shock wave treatment, 2000 pulses at three bar, the VISA score, Likert scale (1–6), loadinduced pain (0–10) and side effects were recorded at baseline and at 4 months follow-up. Measures of outcome Pain and function (VISA), general assessment (Likert), load-induced pain.


The first time, in 1901, the Physics Nobel Prize was awarded to Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, the discoverer of the X-rays. At that time neither the nominees nor the nominators were well-informed about the processes. Equally, it was a challenge for the Nobel Committee and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, to find out "the physicist", out of many nominated persons, who deserves the award. The nomination letters, the report of the Nobel Committee and other documents dealing with W.C. Roentgen, were obtained from the Academy. The analysis of their results is given in the present communication.


Crystal engineering is based on the understanding of intermolecular interactions in a crystal packing and using of this understanding in design of new solids that involved in several subjects such as polymorphism. Polymorphism in crystals has been explained by McCrone as the ability of a substance to exist in at least two or more crystalline phases that they are different with each other in many aspects such as morphologies, melting point, IR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, and etc. In this study, design and synthesis of N-(1,3-thiazole-2-yl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide compound (L) was accomplished and the product was initially characterized by CHNS microanalysis, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopies and DSC analysis. While effort to obtain the suitable single crystal of titled compound, three polymorphic structures with variety of morphologies were discovered that the structures have been crystallographically determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SCXRD). In the following, the crystal structures of polymorphs were investigated from crystal engineering viewpoint. The polymorphs are designed as polymorph LI, polymorph LII, polymorph LIII. The polymorph LI crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group, Pbca, whereas the polymorphs LII and LIII were crystallized in the monoclinic space groups P21 and P21/c, respectively. Investigations showed that the asymmetric unit of three polymorphs contains two independent molecules which have different orientations and interactions with each other. Flexible amide connection between pyrazine and thiazole rings results in the various conformations and different intermolecular interactions. So that the differences of structures arise from the orientation of the pyrazine and thiazole rings. The polymorphic structures have well arranged by donor and acceptor groups for effective supramolecular synthons. In order to indicate the percent and the important role of the interactions in LI-III crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, finger print plot and theoretical studies on dimer and tetramer moieties have been investigated. Exploring the stability energies related to the species being theoretically studied, emphasized to the role of hydrogen bonding interactions in the stability of polymorphic structures. It is interesting to notice that polymorphs LII and LIII contain very similar intermolecular interactions and the arrangement of synthons, whereas they have different orientations and crystal packing with each other. The results of theoretical studies confirmed the important role of hydrogen bonding and weak π-based interactions in the LI-III crystal structures.


Two cases of chronic foreign body aspiration were treated in our hospital. Management of the foreign body aspiration was challenging in them as the symptoms were discrete and persisted for as long as 20 years and in one of the cases there was failure of retrieving the foreign body elsewhere. We share our experience in using flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope for removal of retained foreign body. This further emphasizes that flexible bronchoscopy is a successful therapeutic option if carried out using appropriate instruments by extremely skilled personnel in an adequate hospital setup and in selected cases.


Computer architects are constantly faced with the need to improve performance and increase the efficiency of computation in their designs. To this end, it is increasingly common to see acyclic com-putation accelerators appear in embedded processor designs. One major problem with adding accelerators to a design is that it is difficult to generate high-quality code utilizing them. Hand-written assembly code is typical, and if compiler support does exist, it is implemented using only greedy algorithms. In this work, we investigate more thorough techniques for compiling to processors with acyclic accelerators. Where as greedy solutions only explore one possible solution, the techniques presented in this paper explore the entire design space, when possible. Intelligent pruning methods are employed to ensure compilation is both tractable and scalable. Overall, our new compilation algorithms produce code that performs on average 10%, and up to 32% better than standard greedy methods. These algorithms also run in less than one second for more than 98% of basic blocks tested.


The invention relates to a simplified process for the extraction of heparin from animal mucosa tissue procedure. The procedure consists of an enzymatic hydrolysis step of the raw material at room temperature, followed by hydrolysis lasting up to 6 hours at a temperature between 50 and 75 {sup, 0} C. The temperature increase is obtained easily. The digestion mixture can be further incubated while cooling to room temperature. Heparin is recovered from anion exchanger present in one hydrolyzate of proteins.


Objective: The study aims to assess Pu'er rural drinking water quality and to investigate the reasons why microbial indexes exceed the national rural drinking water standard. Methods: The study uses existing data obtained from Pu'er rural drinking water monitoring Network. Simultaneously, a series of semi-constructed in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants. Results: The water samples taken from Pu'er which met the national rural drinking water standard only accounted for 17.5%, while 82.5% of samples did not meet this standard. The P-value of x2 test of total colony and total coliform number with chemical and physical treatment was .195 and .000, treated water and tap water was .175 and .340, dry season and rainy season was .003 and .000. Discussion: The results present that the percentage of water in Pu'er Municipality which meets the national rural drinking water standard is very low.


In order to study a new type of pipeline inspection robot, the overall structure of the pipeline climbing robot is designed for the actual environmental conditions and testing requirements. 3D modeling of the robot was carried out using Pro / E's 3D solid modeling function. This model is introduced into ADAMS, and its climbing process is simulated and analyzed. The speed of robot climbing and the output torque of each joint motor are determined when the motion is stable and reliable. The results show that the minimum turning torque required to ensure the stability of robot motion is400 N · mm. The minimum friction is 5N. Therefore, when the robot does not deviate from the direction, the trajectory of the robot is stable and reliable.


This prospective study was carried out in the department of Radio-diagnosis, in a tertiary care hospital from a period of April 2018 to September 2018 to evaluate the efficiency of high resolution USG in first hand detection of adhesive capsulitis (AC). Total of 50 patients (25 male and 25 female) with prcvisional clinical diagnosis of AC were evaluated by USG using 7.5 to 12 MHz linear array transducer with color and power doppler modes and 3.5 to 5 MHz convex transducer for anterior labrum and glenoid rim and employing proper patient positioning optimum techniques and using standardized diagnostics criteria. In all cases proper history taking, clinical examination and supportive investigation were performed. Patients were followed up according to clinical problems and its magnitude, consent of the patient and clinical course and treatment plan. cases were planned for other imaging modalities like CT scan and MR. Cases were planned for conservative management and evaluation of the course of the disease clinically and sonographically to establish a final diagnosis. Dynamic sonography was highly sensitive 100% and specific 100% for AC but most importantly excluded other rotator cuff and traumatic pathologies like occult fracture of humeral head, supraspinatus tendon tear, long head of biceps tear, impingement syndrome which simulated AC. Color doppler and power Doppler was used to evaluate hypervascularity around the affected shoulder joint in infective and inflammatory conditions.


To develop small town is one of the priorities of the national strategy for urbanization since 2000. This paper points out that it neglects the fact that the supporting base for this strategy, the rural industrialization, is at a stage of stagnation and declining lately, which has brought about even more problems in practice. This paper suggests establishing a city or town system at county level and a system to name administrative region and settlement scientifically. The author believes that a comprehensive urbanization strategy should be in place instead of putting priority to any specific type of settlement. On the other hand, priority should be on the quality of urbanization.


Organic evaluation of travertines from Imouzzer (Marocco). Paleobotanical methodology and teachings. The palynological as well as microorganic study of any kind of travertinous deposits provides a complete organic evaluation allowing the reconstitution of the former vegetation and the climate at the time of the sediment. An exemple of this is given by those from Imouzzer where we have been able to follow up variations in the seasonal climates through thousands of years.


The holographic principle is reinvestigated based on the Wigner distribution function (WDF). We apply the WDF to the analysis of generic optical setups which are used to record and reconstruct image plane holograms, Fourier holograms, and Fresnel holograms. We use the graphical representation of the Wigner chart to derive various important properties, including the required space bandwidth product of the hologram. This allows us to provide an intuitive analysis of the trade-off between the recording schemes.


This study has been undertaken to determine the socio-demographic related covariates affecting blood glucose level of the diabetic patients as well as to identify the extent of influences of the variables by the implied factors on blood glucose level. Data have been collected from two diabetic diagnostic centers in Rajshahi City. The result implies that insulin intake, blood pressure, tablet intake and mental suppression of the diabetic patients have the intense influence on blood glucose level. The proportion of variance explained (adjusted) by the respective variables are 2 = 0.422, 0.122 and 0.120 respectively. So, the diabetic patients are supposed to maintain their medication, control their blood pressure, become free from mental suppression, overall, giving up the sedentary life style. They should maintain a regulatory life to keep themselves away from having high blood glucose level.


BACKGROUND
The development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is one of the commonest complications of modern cataract surgery. The various designs of intraocular lenses (IOL) seem to exert a barrier effect on the proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells and the following development of PCO.

METHODS
We set up a cell culture model (advanced 3D capsular bag model) and investigated six differently designed IOL made of different materials as to their effect on cell proliferation. Proliferation and migration of the cells were analysed and documented over a period of 28 days. A cell viability test using the LIVE/DEAD kit (Molecular Probes) was carried out at the end of the investigation.

RESULTS
In all tests, lens epithelial cells adhered to and migrated onto the capsular bag. During the culture period, lens epithelial cells migrated only to the optical rim of two of the implanted IOL. On the other four, lens epithelial cells migrated further and covered the whole optical area of the IOL.

CONCLUSIONS
Certain lens designs seem to have a reducing effect on the development of PCO. Our advanced in vitro capsular bag model is a suitable cell culture model for the investigation of the reducing effect of various IOL on the development of PCO.


Spring-back of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at large strains, various embossing temperatures, and release temperatures below glass transition is quantified through modified unconfined recovery tests. Cooling, as well as large strains, is shown to reduce the amount of spring-back. Despite reducing the amount of spring-back, these experiments show that there is still a substantial amount present that needs to be accounted for in hot embossing processes. Spring-back is predicted using finite element simulations utilizing a constitutive model for the large strain stress relaxation behavior of PMMA. The model's temperature dependence is modified to account for cooling and focuses on the glass transition temperature region. Spring-back is predicted with this model, capturing the temperature and held strain dependence. Temperature assignment of the sample is found to have the largest effect on simulation accuracy. Interestingly, despite large thermal gradients in the PMMA, a uniform temperature approximation still yields reasonably accurate spring-back predictions. These experiments and simulations fill a substantial gap in knowledge of large strain recovery of PMMA under conditions normally found in hot embossing.


Finding the trajectory with shortest time (Ancient Greek: brákhistos khrónos) for a body moving from one point to another under a given force dates back to the year 1696, when Johan Bernoulli posed his famous Brachistochrone problem. His Brother, Jakob Bernoulli, Isaac Newton, Gottfried Leibniz, Guillaume de l'Hôpital, and other great minds of this time were attracted by this problem and proposed solutions that lead to the development of calculus of variations and optimal control. Sailboats can go in any direction except directly upwind. Their velocity depends on the angle to the wind. Given a spatially heterogeneous wind field, the starting, and the end point, I want to present, how the sailboat's Brachistochrone, i.e. the fastest course, can be computed numerically with the help of a typical on-board low-performance computer. The method uses multi-splines as a discretization of space which translates the task into a graph search problem. With the aid of parallelization and mesh refinement techniques, a fast and reliable algorithm is obtained. Die Disputation besteht aus dem o. g. Vortrag, danach der Vorstellung der Dissertation einschließlich jeweils anschließenden Aussprachen. Interessierte werden hiermit herzlich eingeladen Der Vorsitzende der Promotionskommission Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Klein


Dialogue with Europe, dialogue with the past opens by making the arresting point that although indigenous elites have been omnipresent in the recent literature on colonial Latin America, they have ...


We study the Abelian Higgs model in 1 + 1 dimensions with the addition of a fermion of arbitrary charge g to understand the effect of instantons on the gauge and chiral structure of the model. Semiclassical approximations are used assuming a small instanton density. Without fermions, the global gauge symmetry is found to be restored, resulting in a linearly rising potential between static charges ( +- Q) and a complete screening of integral charges (Q/e = integer with e the scalar charge). This gauge structure persists with the addition of a massive fermion. The spectrum of fermion bound states and the stability of the theta vacuums are discussed. For a massless fermion, the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken. We explicitly show that the chiral symmetry is also spontaneously broken, but that the Nambu-Goldstone pole decouples from the gauge-invariant sector of the theory.


Lee, Seungkyu. PhD, Purdue University, December 2015. Application of Microperforated Elements in Axial Fan Noise Control and Silencer Design. Major Professor: J. Stuart Bolton, School of Mechanical Engineering. The microperforated panel (MPP) is considered to be an alternative sound absorbing material, which could replace the traditional glass fibers and other porous materials because of its sound absorbing characteristics in a wide frequency range. The MPP is also very useful in various human involved environments because it is less harmful to human respiratory system than traditional sound absorbing materials, meaning more hygienic. Therefore in this study, microperforated panels were used in fan noise control and in acoustic silencers, where both of the devices are easily accessible by humans. Axial fans are widely used to cool electronic devices, and the fans typically generate noticable amounts of noise during their operation. Among the various sources responsible for fan noise, tip clearance noise is one of the more critical components. It has been demonstrated, in gas turbine applications, that tip clearance noise can be reduced by installing a finite flow resistance, circumferential strip in the housing of the fan immediately adjacent to the turbine blade tips. It is possible, for example, that the finite level of flow resistance created by the slightly permeable housing may reduce turbulence levels in the tip region, thus decreasing the noise generation. In the present work, a similar approach was taken to the control of noise generated by a 120 mm axial fan. In this case, a microperforated film material was used as the finite flow resistance strip built into the scroll housing of the fan, spanning the axial region through which the blade tips sweep. Measurements of both sound radiation and of flow performance of a number of prototype fans having microperforated strips of varying flow resistances were conducted using an ISO plenum. A hemispherical


Abstract Zeolites from abundant natural deposits were investigated by the Bureau of Mines for efficiently cleaning up mining industry wastewaters. Twenty-four zeolite samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma. These included clinoptilolite, mordenite, chabazite, erionite, and phillipsite. Bulk densities of a sized fraction (-40, +65 mesh) varied from 0.48 to 0.93 g/mL. Attrition losses ranged from 1 to 18% during an hour-long shake test. The 24 zeolites and an ion-exchange resin were tested for the uptake of Cd, Cu, and Zn. Of the natural zeolites, phillipsite proved to be the most efficient, while the mordenites had the lowest uptakes. Sodium was the most effective exchangeable ion for exchange of heavy metals. Wastewater from an abandoned copper mine in Nevada was used to test the effectiveness of clinoptilolite for treating a multi-ion wastewater. The metal ions Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ in the copper mine wastewater were removed to below drinking water standards, but Mn2+ an...


The political violence seems only to get worse and worse in Aleppo, where Russian bombers target hospitals and employ deep striking missiles against the apartments of ordinary citizens. State reasons or merely shortsighted cruelty? Those who theorize zero sum games with entities like state interests and geopolitical perspective should understand that it is merely a manner of speaking. The principle of methodological individualism entails that only human beings can be actors as well as that they orientate in terms of what Max Weber called "Sinn" or more complex "sinnzusammenhaenge". This is intentional analysis that focuses upon the mindset of the participants in violent games. It is definitely not in the interests of neither the Syrian people nor the Russian people what Assad-Putin is performing in Aleppo.


Brassinosteroids are essential regulators of plant growth and development. While BRI1 signaling regulates cellular growth in the majority of plant tissues, our study uncovers the composition of the BRL3 receptor complex in Arabidopsis and addresses cell type–specific roles for BRL3 signaling in root development. Brassinosteroid (BR) hormones are primarily perceived at the cell surface by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1). In Arabidopsis thaliana, BRI1 has two close homologs, BRI1-LIKE1 (BRL1) and BRL3, respectively, which are expressed in the vascular tissues and regulate shoot vascular development. Here, we identify novel components of the BRL3 receptor complex in planta by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Whereas BRI1 ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) and several other known BRI1 interactors coimmunoprecipitated with BRL3, no evidence was found of a direct interaction between BRI1 and BRL3. In addition, we confirmed that BAK1 interacts with the BRL1 receptor by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy analysis. Importantly, genetic analysis of brl1 brl3 bak1-3 triple mutants revealed that BAK1, BRL1, and BRL3 signaling modulate root growth and development by contributing to the cellular activities of provascular and quiescent center cells. This provides functional relevance to the observed protein–protein interactions of the BRL3 signalosome. Overall, our study demonstrates that cell-specific BR receptor complexes can be assembled to perform different cellular activities during plant root growth, while highlighting that immunoprecipitation of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases in plants is a powerful approach for unveiling signaling mechanisms with cellular resolution in plant development.


Fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE) can result when harvest imposes artificial selection on variation in heritable phenotypic traits. While there is evidence for FIE, it remains difficult to disentangle the contributions of within‐generation demographic adjustment, phenotypic plasticity, and genetic adaption to observed changes in life history traits. We present evidence for FIE using dozens of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations in which males adopt one of two age‐invariant, heritable life history tactics: most mature as large three‐year‐old "hooknose" and typically fight for spawning opportunities, while some mature as small two‐year‐old "jacks" and fertilize eggs through sneaking. The closure of a fishery targeting three‐year‐old fish provided an experimental test of the prediction that fishery‐imposed selection against hooknose males drives an evolutionary increase in the proportion of males adopting the jack tactic. The data support the prediction: 43 of 46 populations had higher jack proportions during than after the fishery. The data further suggest that changes in jack proportion were not solely the result of demographic adjustments to harvest. We suggest that systems where fisheries differentially exploit phenotypically discrete, age‐invariant life histories provide excellent opportunities for detecting FIE.


Robust data communication is a prime need in the age of Internet-of-things (IoT), where multiple connected devices actively exchange information. To permit robustness of this information exchange, error resilient secure communication is necessary. Security, error detection as well as correction are fundamentally based on Galois Field (GF) arithmetic. In this work, we present a novel method for performing GF arithmetic on a state-of-the art ReRAM-based in-memory computing platform. ReRAM devices offer low leakage power, high endurance and non-volatile storage capabilities, coupled with stateful logic operations. The proposed lightweight library presents the mapping of GF element generation, addition and multiplication. We have experimentally verified the results. For GF(24), 3.8 nJ, 0.1 nJ and 3.1 nJ energy are required for element generation, addition and multiplication operations respectively, which demonstrates the efficacy of the mapping.


Photoluminescence spectra were studied for Zn-doped CuGaS2 crystals prepared by the iodine transport method from sources satisfying the (CuGaS2)1-x–(2ZnS)x (x=0.00025, 0.0005) relation. These crystals showed three donor-acceptor pair emissions. Analyses of the time-resolved spectra during decays of these emissions indicated the existence of several isolated levels, i.e., a common shallower level of ∼70 meV and three deeper levels of ∼120, ∼155 and ∼204 meV. Considering the possible defect formations in the crystals under the present preparation condition, the origin assignments of these levels were made as follows. The level of ∼70 meV and that of ∼120 meV are due to ZnCu donors and ZnGa acceptors, respectively. One of the levels of ∼155 and ∼204 meV is due to ZnCu–VGa acceptors and the other is due to VGa acceptors.


Several new mobile video games have recently hit the market which allow players to wager real-world money on their in-game performance. For example, players of Strike! eSports Bowling can bet up to $60 before playing each game of ten-pin bowling, in the hopes of winning up to $100 in cash should they beat their opponent. Similarly, players of Block Blitz can place real money wagers on the outcomes of the Tetris-style puzzle games that they play. In the same vein, players of Pro Pool can stake real money on the chance of beating their opponent in a simulated game of 8 ball pool, in the hopes of winning a large cash prize. Real money stakes on this game range from $0.60 to $30.A significant amount of recent research has dealt with the emergence of links between gambling and video games. This attention has focused on topics as diverse as loot boxes, skin gambling, and esports betting. However, real-money mobile gaming has received little scrutiny.


: In this study, a series of Bi 2 O 3 -containing Bi 2 WO 6 catalysts were prepared by a simple mixing method. We used the oxidation of phenol in water under UV light as a model reaction, and found that as the amount of Bi 2 O 3 in the mixture increased, its photocatalytic activity increased, and then started to decrease. A maximum activity was observed with the catalyst containing 12.5% (mass fraction, w ) of Bi 2 O 3 , about 4 times that of Bi 2 WO 6 . Solid characterization revealed that the composite was a mixture of β -Bi 2 O 3 and Bi 2 WO 6 . The water oxidation photocurrent over the β -Bi 2 O 3 /Bi 2 WO 6 thin film electrode was much larger than the sum of the photocurrents of the β -Bi 2 O 3 and Bi 2 WO 6 thin film electrodes. It is proposed that there is a valence hole transfer from Bi 2 WO 6 to β -Bi 2 O 3 , which improves the charge separation efficiency, and consequently increases the rate of phenol degradation.


In this short article, I discuss some of the political economy aspects of the ongoing pension reform in Armenia. The focus is on two opposing forces—taxpayers' quite significant resistance to the reform vis-a-vis gov ernment's imperative to reform due to fiscal constraints—that are likely to shape the outcome of the reform. The discussion is centered around a fiscal contract where the government is forced to make democratic con cessions in return for the taxpayers' commitment to comply with its new institutions. I argue that this conflict may push Armenia into a virtuous circle of development.


Abstract Climate change presents one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity. Opportunities for inter-sectoral collaboration to drive climate solutions are beginning to emerge and mature with the higher education sector taking an active role in forging new partnerships. This article explores how climate resilience is a topic that can create innovative, bidirectional campus and community relationships and programs. The Presidents' Climate Leadership Commitments, the Kresge-funded Climate Resilience in Urban Campuses and Communities (CRUX) project, and two campus case studies are cited as examples of how climate programs with a direct connection to surrounding communities—urban communities in particular—can open new pathways for engagement and accelerate climate solutions. A number of lessons drawn from these examples can help with new program design in the future. The lens of climate adaptation and resilience allows for the complementary strengths of higher education and surrounding communities to ...


Whenever I drive bike for more than two hours or 40 km/day , Immediately I felt back pain because of lower capacity to absorb the shock of my bike so it pass the shocks from road Surface to me and I Feel the shocks. We have not all roads are well finished .Recently used shock absorbers are not comfortable for every condition. There is one approach to increase shocks absorbing capacity of suspension by utilizing E glass Epoxy material instead of spring steel material in helical compression spring of hero Honda passion bike shock absorber .In my Earlier research paper analysis of shock absorber done by applying Force and measured displacement and stress and strain level produced in both the conventional and modified shock absorber. In this research paper Shock absorber FEM analyses is done by applying predefine displacement and measured transmitted force in both the analytical model .E glass Epoxy material shock absorber which produce or transmit less force at other end are comfortable shock absorber .Shock absorber major affect for those which perform their Business or Duties for more than two hours driving on bike may felt Pain at the end of day. Keywords— Shock absorber , FEM , CREO, Stress, E Glass Epoxy , Composite, Helical compression Spring Introduction INTRODUCTION: Global requirement of damper is above 1 billion per annum .european country required five million shock absorber annually for new one and one million for replacement. Shock absorbers are most comfortable when they not noticed. They require trouble free. For bad road driving smoothly is only possible with effective suspension. The shock absorber is drafted by using the modeling creo software. In modeling the time is spent in drawing the all component and assemble the all the parts modeling is imported to ansys for the fem analysis work. The ansys software is used for analyzing the shock absorber by varying the displacement applied on it and the results are observed. Generally displacement is provided because in road when vehicle pass on the bump. Bump will provide positive displacement to the vehicle and pot hole which provide . LITERATURE REVIEW: The shockabsorber is one of the main component whih provide the comfort level by absorbing the road shock and prevent it passing the occupant .this will provide supreme comfort level . in the shock absorber spring and damper play major important role , spring is absorb the shock and damper damp the spring vibration .hence the spring is very important in the shock absorber . The introduction of composite materil is made possible to increase comfort level and reduce the weight without reducing load carrying capacity. several papers devoted to the application of the composite material for the shockabsorber helical compression spring. Marnish Modi [1] Stress developed in the modified E glass Epoxy design are comparatively lower than spring steel conventional model and all the stress developed are lower than yield strength . E glass Epoxy composite spring absorbs more shock so it will provide more comfort to the vehicle ride than conventional shock absorber. it will reduce the acceleration which is essential for improve drive comfort. Claude Bathias[2] in the Gigacycle Fatigue in Mechanical Practice, published the property of spring steel . Spring Steel is the best material for helical compression spring . its revolutionary material invented by Japanese Researchers, Spring steel having Excellent Property to with stand the Fatigue load. Spring steel having very high ultimate tensile strength . Table 1 Property of spring steel material


Background and Objective: The prevalence of aspirin resistance amongst patients with cardiovascular disease and in the healthy population has been reported to range from 5% to 45%. Lately, rapid platelet function analyzer (RPFA) a point-of-care determination of platelet aggregability has been introduced for rapid determination of aspirin resistant patients. The purpose of this paper is to report the prevalence of aspirin resistance among patients with recurrent non cardioembolic ischemic stroke as detected by RPFA (Ultegra ® ). Methods: Seventy-seven patients with mean age of 61.2 + 10.4 (range 33-87 years) who developed recurrent non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke were consecutively included in the study. Fifty-seven (74%) were males. Aspirin resistance was determined using the RPFA (Ultegra ® ) machine. Patients with an aspirin reaction unit (ARU) value above 550 were identified as aspirin resistant. Results: Following this method, the prevalence of aspirin resistance was determined to be 10.4% (95% CI: 1% to17%). Comparison of baseline characteristics between aspirin resistant and aspirin responsive patients did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: The prevalence of aspirin resistance in this study was 10.4% amongst patients with recurrent non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. The study has shown the feasibility of utilizing RPFA (Ultegra ® ) machine in detecting aspirin resistance.


Ole Bjerg, Poker: The Parody of Capitalism, Ann Arbour, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2011, 274 pp. $35.00 (ISBN 978-0-472-05163-2, pbk.) Poker begins with the issue of the contemporary popularity of poker and makes the case that the game should be treated much like other cultural phenomena, such as art and literature. While the discourse around poker manifested in law, morality, and politics--is it a game of chance or skill?--has contributed to cultural ambivalence, poker deserves to be treated as richly culturally expressive. Following on Roger Caillois' insights into the relationship between games, cultures, and social structures, Bjerg's analysis of poker contributes to the sociology of games. Further, and as the title makes clear, poker is the parody of capitalism. The book provides a sophisticated, philosophically informed, and enjoyable analysis of poker, its "cultural resonance," and parodic relationship to contemporary, postindustrial capitalism. It draws on a variety of philosophical positions to illuminate the game: from probability theory and game theory to early and late Wittgensteinian arguments about language. Most important, and central to Bjerg's approach, is the work of cultural analyst Slavoj Zizek and the deployment of the Lacanian-derived concepts of the real, symbolic, and imaginary. These concepts are laid out in the first chapter of the book, "The Ontology of Poker," where they are applied comparatively to chess, roulette, and rock-paper-scissors. Where chess, for example, is a game that grounds itself in the symbolic order --since there are always optimal moves that can be mapped out (think chess computer Deep Blue), poker is unique among games in that it invokes all three ontological orders, and where awareness of the imaginary dimension separates the good players from weaker ones. The book is divided into four parts with two or three chapters in each: Part One explores "The Philosophy of Poker." Part Two focuses on "The Poker Economy." Part Three develops the typology, "Suckers, Grinders, and Players," and Part Four discusses "Poker and Capitalism." As the book includes some descriptive analysis of the movement of money in the online poker economy in Part Two, and for the sake of length, the review will focus on Parts One, Three, and Four. In Part One, "Anatomy of a Poker Hand," and "All you ever wanted to know about Texas Hold 'Em," Bjerg analyzes strategy and illuminates the game with the philosophical sources mentioned. Poker players will appreciate the analysis of a hand by poker professional Gus Hansen in "Anatomy ... ", while in the latter chapter, Bjerg provides a critique of the application of game theory to poker: it is too caught up in the symbolic to grasp the game's imaginary dimension. In these chapters, Bjerg demonstrates a deep appreciation for, and theoretically sophisticated analysis of the game. The parodic relationship with capitalism is developed in the later chapters. In Part Three (after analyzing playing styles in the final chapter of Part Two), Bjerg develops his tripartite typology of poker players/strategies. Each type corresponds with one of the ontological orders. "Suckers" are luck players who desire action and play loosely. Their orientation to chance and to action sees them as representatives of the real: they orient to the lucky chance of hitting their card--the unpredictable manifestation of the real, but this approach is a losing strategy. "Grinders" are the mathematically oriented calculators, "tight" players who do not veer from the optimal mathematical strategy and are guided by long run probabilities. Their probabilistic orientation places them in the realm of the symbolic. The final category, "Players," are the adepts of the poker imaginary, knowing how to bluff and dissemble and thus superior to the other types. While they too know the mathematical odds and how to value their own and their opponents' hands, they know the importance of reading the other players. …


Women's lack of participation in science and technology careers is foreshadowed by their low participation in these undergraduate majors. Kanter's theory of tokenism suggests that the effects of being in the numerical minority are responsible for women's absence from the science and technology pipeline. This article uses data from a sample of undergraduate women at a large state university to consider the effects of gender-disproportionate enrollment on women's persistence in majors. Many of the male-dominated majors were in science and technology fields. The authors tested Kanter's theory of tokenism, including the effects of sex ratio in the major, performance pressure, and role entrapment on undergraduate women's likelihood of persistence. In support of Kanter's model, the authors found that performance pressure has a significant, negative effect on likelihood of persistence. However, contrary to Kanter's argument, women in more gender-balanced majors were most likely to be contemplating a change in major.


With the rapid development of the information age, all kinds of teaching information software improved a lot, there has been a lot of limitations Chinese traditional teaching mode which can not meet the needs of modern teaching mode and students' learning. In order to find a more effective learning method, the corpus appears to make up for such a vacancy. As a new term, corpus is a very important part in the process of learning knowledge. Its unique value is reflected in the development of English teaching.


THERE HAS been much talk and media coverage recently about the Nippers Nutrition report by East Sussex council, which found that food analysed from the participating nurseries was 'too healthy', with an over-emphasis on fruit and vegetables, and low levels of healthy fats


The Ghanaian banking industry has experienced a heightened level of competition in recent times due to the recent banking sector clean-up by the Bank of Ghana (BOG) which has resulted in a number of mergers, acquisitions and bank closures. As a result of this development, banks in Ghana have adopted relationship marketing (RM) as a strategy to attract new customers and for customer retention purposes. This research seeks to investigate the impact of relationship marketing (RM) on customer retention in the Ghanaian banking industry. It also examined the impact of relationship marketing (RM) on customer satisfaction as well as the impact of customer satisfaction on customer retention in the Ghanaian banking industry. A survey of customers from twenty banks was conducted using a questionnaire. The results revealed that relationship marketing account for a significant variation in the extent of customer retention in the Ghanaian banking industry. The study further revealed that customer satisfaction also accounts for the level of customer retention in the Ghanaian banking sector. The study also discovered that banks in Ghana are able to retain their customers even without employing non-financial benefits, which is considered as very essential in the implementation of RM practices. This indicates that banks in Ghana which employ non-financial benefits in addition to financial benefits could have a competitive urge over other competitors in the Ghanaian banking industry. As a consequence, there is a call on Ghanaian banks to implement effective relationship marketing strategies in order to ensure the retention of their customers. Furthermore, banks should employ strategies that will ensure that their customers are satisfied in order to guarantee higher level of retention of their customers banks that have the objective of retaining their loyal customers need to ensure that they implement customer satisfaction measures, since customer satisfaction results in retention. The study also revealed that banks in Ghana are able to retain their customers even without employing non-financial benefits, which is considered as very essential in the implementation of RM practices. This indicates that banks in Ghana which employ non-financial benefits in addition to financial benefits could have a competitive urge over other competitors in the Ghanaian banking industry.


Thachampa village was founded in 1988 in Xaythany District, Vientiane Capital Province Lao PDR with 482 people. Most people migrated from many areas of the Lao PDR. In period of 1989-1993, villagers were in trouble situation, since agricultural lands were flooding in rainy seasons, insufficiencies of water in dry seasons, products of agriculture were damaged. Dug canal for paddy field from Ngum River was planned and constructed by farmers. Water was pumped by diesel machine. An irrigation canal project of plain along Ngum River was planned and constructed in 1998. After that rice and some vegetable cultivations are improved and livelihoods of farmers became better. The culture and tradition of Thachampa village were changed due to development in social economic areas likely in other parts of the Lao PDR. The change was a signal of lost in local culture and tradition. Therefore, orientation meeting workshop was held in June 2009 at the Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, then the School activities in tradition-cultural conservation was conducted. A local cultural museum was constructed in 2010 which became a cultural center of the village.


Software Phase-Locked-Loop (SPLL) is a kind of servo mechanism to adjust system's output synchronized with one reference signal. The polluted grid voltage is not only unbalanced, but also contains large quantities of low order harmonics. In this case, SPLL still can obtain fundamental positive sequence component (FPSC) effectively and realize synchronization with grid rapidly and accurately, that is one of the key factors for distributed power generation systems. Multiresonant Second-Order Generalized Integrators (MSOGI) and Multiple Complex Coefficient Filter (MCCF) are two kinds of synchronization technologies under polluted grid environment. However, it will largely need to design either SOGIs or CCFs corresponding to each order harmonic when considering some more harmonics, thus resulting in more complicated structure. This paper proposes a novel hybrid SPLL structure, named HDMCS-SPLL (Hybrid DSC, MCCF and SOGI): its pre-stage input after delayed processing can be divided into two large clusters. As only one contains FPSC, it just needs to design targeted CCFs to damp harmonic components in this cluster. Thereby reducing unnecessary design complexity and mitigating coupled interference between each harmonics. Meanwhile, existing DC bias could be suppressed by its SOGI module. Finally, simulation results show that proposed SPLL structure can extract FPSC fleetly from high polluted grid voltage, and it also performs better steady and dynamic performance than PLLs based on MSOGI or MCCF structure. Proposed structure is more applicable to polluted grid environment.


Based on the theoretical basis of heterosis,this article reviewed the research progress of forecasting animal heterosis from genetic distance,mixed experiment of mitochondrion,protein polymorphisms,ratio of between-group variance to inter-group variance and molecular genetic marker,then analysed the merits and demerits of these methods.


The moves that mathematicians use to generate new questions can also be used by teachers and students to tie content together and spur exploration.


The footprint and topography of New York City has changed dramatically over the last three centuries. The shorelines, particularly of the Manhattan Island, have expanded well beyond their original locations into the adjacent rivers and bays. As the city continues to expand, marginal filled-in land with difficult subsurface conditions is being developed. This paper discusses some of the design challenges and associated engineering analyses performed for a large waterfront development project that includes seventeen high-rise residential towers and a large multi-level riverfront park. An emphasis is placed on the numerical evaluations that were performed during design. The project area is a former railroad yard with hydraulic fill placed over compressible river bottom deposits. The presence of loose fills and compressible deposits presented numerous design challenges. The development required raising existing grades by placing over 10 meters (32 feet) of new fill to extend the existing street grid onto the site and to create the new park space. Measures had to be taken to limit the settlement induced by the new fill and to reduce the impact of the development on adjacent structures, including an elevated highway along one side and active passenger railroad tracks at grade along the other side of the project site. Those measures included construction of pile-supported relieving platforms, improvement of compressible soils by pre-loading with surcharge fill, and use of lightweight fill. Extensive engineering evaluations, including both analytical and numerical analyses have been performed to provide efficient designs.


This paper is devoted to the analysis of immersion in virtual worlds of modern computer games, which represents a number of specific features of visionary experience such as the effect of totality; enhanced synesthesia (by means of the newest sensor technologies and special controllers); internal temporality and causality; transformation of linear time and space; perception of the flow of dynamically changing visual images; transpersonal experience (a player creates his "avatar"); the experience of death and rebirth (save/load option); dialectics of beatific and infernal experience; appeal of the virtual worlds (addiction); communication with the artistic culture ("digital romanticism" of fantasy games) and traditional arts. It allows us to talk about the appearance of a new digital modification of visionary, which is caused by the development of information technologies. Key words: computer games, visionary, visionary experience, art, digital media, virtual reality, technology, role-playing game, strategy, game studies.


Non-equilibrium solution of Al in cementite is observed in the course of rapid solidification of spray formed of Al-containing ultrahigh-carbon steel(Al-UHCS).The morphology of Al-containing cementite,owing to its instability,changes rapidly from grain-boundary-network or pearlite lamella to fine dispersed particles during heating afterwards,giving excellent high temperature plasticity and hot-workability to the steel.For Al-UHCS with 1.8% of carbon,the yield strength of 1088 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 1419 MPa were obtained with fairly good tensile elongation after one-pass hot-rolling of 70% reduction,due to densified,refined and uniformized structure without grain boundary carbide network.


Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, navigation activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90s in the last century due to its advantage in providing all weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields. The paper also gives an account of the authors' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.


Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels are adsorbable to the surface of polystyrene (PS) microspheres in the experimental temperature range (25–40 °C) and can induce aggregation of microspheres through the bridging mechanism. The bridging mechanism proceeds in two elementary steps: the first is an adsorption (negligible desorption relatively) of free microgel to one microsphere surface, and the next is a reversible connection of the adsorbed microgel to another microsphere surface. The surface coverage is found as an important factor in triggering the stabilization, aggregation, and gelation of the mixtures. And most importantly, the nonnegligible dynamic disconnection of a bridge is the essential prerequisite for structure or state transition. For mixtures with the same concentration of microsphere, depending on the concentration of microgel, various transitions can be induced by changing temperature, including the transition from a weaker gel to a stronger gel, from a fluid to a bridging gel and...


Computed tomography (CT) is a relevant nondestructive inspection method for composite material. However, X-ray attenuation contrast difference between fibers and matrix can be low, which makes identification of defects difficult. Optimization of the tomographic process has then to be considered, such as studying the acquisition parameters and phenomena that decrease the contrast. Simulation of the CT method is considered in order to optimize contrast between fibers and matrix. Simulation allows to study phenomena independently to the others. Phantom was built in order to check the accuracy of the computation. Even though results show discrepancies between computation and experimental measurements, these discrepancies have been found to be due to an experimental artefact. When corrected, simulation fits very well with experimental results and this procedure allows to seek an optimal setup for composite material inspection.


The relationship between environmental regulation and competitiveness in the global market is an important research issue. The article analyzes selected approaches to measuring this relationship, offered by re-searchers in various periods. It is shown that the relationship has been measured on the basis of the two hypotheses: "pollution haven hypothesis" and "factor endowments hypothesis". Detailed analysis of the first hypothesis is made by use of results from earlier empirical studies.


The invention relates to a drawing and inserting type collector of a nano fiber electrostatic spinning flat plate. The drawing and inserting type collector is characterized by comprising an insulation box body, wherein two sides of the bottom of the insulation box body are provided with one pair of guide slots for installing a drawing and inserting frame body of the flat plate, two sides of the drawing and inserting frame body of the flat plate are respectively provided with a wedge slot which is internally provided with a wedge pressing strip for pressing nano fiber to be attached to two sides of a base fabric in an electrostatic spinning manner, and an electrode plate is arranged in the insulation box body above the base fabric. The drawing and inserting type collector has the advantages of reasonable design, convenience for use, simple structure, lower cost and strong practicability.


Online Social networks are becoming an important part of research in every field. Crawling such networks and extracting data from them is a very difficult task. Till date, many crawling techniques have been designed for this purpose. The properties of complex networks have been reviewed in this paper. This paper has focused on mutual friend crawling and applied it on a dataset. The proposed technique makes the use of fuzzy logic and a comparison has been made between the existing and proposed technique. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated using different parameters. This paper also includes a survey of the existing methodologies designed and implemented by different authors. It also provides future directions in this area of research.


[Objective] To understand the characteristics of AIDS epidemic and provide effective evidence for HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies.[Methods]The reported HIV/AIDS cases from 2005 to 2008 were collected and sorted and the data were analyzed statistically.[Results]A total of 434 HIV/AIDS cases were reported from 2005 to 2008.Of the 434 cases,219 were AIDS patients and 45 died with an average annual incidence rate of 1.73/100 000,106,101,99 and 128 cases were reported in individual year.The average annual incidence rate(/l00 000),for male and female were 2.08,1.36(P0.01);for the people aged from 0-14,5-24,25-34,35-44,45-54 and over 55 years old was 0.13,1.16,3.44,2.70,1.81 and 0.99 respectively(P0.01);for urban,mountain districts,coastal areas was 3.08,0.52 and 1.32 respectively(P0.01).Of the 434 cases,the people detected from the hospitals accounted for 42.40%,from voluntary counseling and testing accounted for 22.35%,detention medical examination accounted for 9.91% and from the other ways accounted for 25.34%;heterosexual sexually transmitted accounted for 61.75%;intravenous drug use accounted for 9.45%;homosexual transmission accounted for 3.00%;mother to child transmission accounted for 0.92%;unknown route of transmission accounted for 24.89%.[Conclusion]The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Fuzhou was lower from 2005 to 2008,heterosexual contact is the main transmission routes,the majority of cases were detected from the hospital medical testing and voluntary counseling testing.


A novel insulating-pillar superjunction with vertical insulators (VI-I-SJ) is proposed and investigated both in theoretical calculation and TCAD simulation. Due to interrupted field line (EFL) paths, the insertion of a single vertical insulator contributes to an overall declined and uniform impact ionization integral (In) distribution. The specific ON-resistance (Ron,sp) of the single VI-I-SJ structure can be reduced by 22%, 23.1% and 18.6% for aspect ratio (AR) equals to 10, 20 and 30 at BV = 650V, respectively. The simulated Ron,sp for double VI-I-SJ structure indicates a reduction of 31.5% compared with the conventional I-SJ structure at BV = 650V. Moreover, the Ron,sp of single VI-I-SJ structure can be 14.1% lower than that of I-SJ structure while maintaining the same BV window. The agreements between simulation and calculation for both In and Ron,sp verify the validity of the theoretical model.


In this article, a compact flower-shaped CPW-fed antenna is designed for a multiband application. The proposed antenna is created by adding circular fractal elements to edges of the octagon and a slot is created with a similar structure of smaller dimension which is responsible for multiband resonance. The antenna has a compact size of 25 mm × 25 mm, and it exhibits four resonance frequency bands at 2.82 to 6.43 GHz, 7.36 to 8.52 GHz, 11.21 to 12.2 GHz, and 14.05 to 15.83 GHz, respectively. Various antenna characteristics parameters like return loss, VSWR, impedance, radiation pattern, current distribution, substrate material properties are discussed. Antenna design can be used for different applications such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), WLAN (IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a/g), INSAT, fixed satellite, ITU band, X-band satellite communication, TV broadcasting, BSS, FSS, and Ku-band.


: The ecological impacts of large dams on stream fish communities have been largely documented, but there is less research on the impacts of small hydropower plants (hereafter called weirs). Most of the studies that evaluate the impact of weirs have been focused on taxonomical approaches such as species richness or diversity. Size-based indicators can be used as alternative tools to evaluate the effects of several environmental changes and anthropogenic perturbations on riverine ecosystems because of the key role of body size in fish physiological rates (i.e., growth, reproduction, respiration). This work investigated the impact of 16 weirs of the upper Ter River basin (NE Iberian Peninsula) on fish community body size structure, comparing control reaches (distant from a weir) with reaches impacted by weirs (immediately downstream). We also controlled for the influence of environmental factors including altitudinal gradients, spatial connectivity, and stream depth. Additionally, we tested the usage of multiple size-based approaches under different sampling intensities from one pass to four passes with an electrofishing sampling design. The results revealed strong evidence that weirs have a negative effect on basic size metrics such as average length and median length: fish communities located in impacted sites showed smaller average and median body sizes than fish communities distant from weirs. In contrast, the size spectrum parameters and functional size diversity metrics showed weak responses to the impact of weirs. The results also showed that all size-based metrics exhibited consistent results under different sampling efforts, suggesting that one sampling pass provided a good representation of the community size structure. The results suggested that only basic size metrics such as average and median length could be useful indicators for the bioassessment of river flow alterations. Finally, size-based metrics can provide an alternative approach to characterize community fish structures by reducing the costs of fish surveys in management plans.


A discussion is given of the Raman spectra of single crystals of yttrium gallium garnet (YGaG), of ytterbrium gallium garnet (YbGaG), and of Yb:YGaG. From a comparison of the spectra it has been possible to separate the phonon spectra of the host lattices from that of an electronic Raman effect which occurs between the crystal field levels of the 2 F7/2 manifold of Yb3+ in the garnet crystals. Information with respect to the selection rules governing both types of spectra is given.


The present invention relates to a method and an organic material processing device in reusable materials by segmentation into a tank (4) having a molten salt bath (5), wherein said organic materials are incorporated directly into the volume (6) of said molten salt bath (5) by a conveying means (7) arranged to introduce force.


A set of programs was developed for analyzing transition of EEG(Electro-encephalo-gram) active sources during visual stimulus-finger reaction process. First, positions of the active sources were estimated by applying the Least Square Method to each mapping data of 16 channels EEG. Transitions of the sources (chains) were discriminated according to a criterion of norm between pairs of sources in sequent EEG maps. Important chains (longer than 100 ms) were displayed as an animation, while features of these chains were coded as EEG chart compactly in one or two sheet of papers. This chart was useful to express the transition of EEG activity in usual language.


Elastic-plastic stress states on three-point bending fracture toughness specimens are analyzed by the three-dimensional finite element method. Effect of side grooves on the stress state around the crack tip is discussed on specimens about 30 % side-grooved in U, V, and slit types comparing with a regular flat specimen. Side grooves restrict the plane stress type deformation, which is commonly observed near the side face of a flat specimen. Consequently, over 80-90 % of the thickness of the side-grooved specimens, practically even distributions of the stress intensity factors, plastic zone geometries, crack tip dilatant stresses, and three-dimensional J integrals are achieved.


Condensation of 2-amino esters with carbonyl compounds leads to simple generation of ester-stabilized azomethine ylides which are trapped by olefinic dipolarophiles as cycloadducts. Anti ylides are exclusively involved in the cycloadditions when N-substituted 2-amino esters are employed for the ylide generation, while syn ylides from N-unsubstituted 2-amino esters. Relative stability among all possible ylide isomers has been inspected and the selective involvement of particular ylidic forms has been explained on the ground of 1,5-dipole interaction or hydrogen bonding stabilization. Endo- and exo-selectivity of the cycloadditions is also discussed.


The present invention relates to compounds of formula wherein R1 is hydrogen or halogen; R2 is lower alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl,-(CH2)n-cycloalkyl,-(CH 2)n-phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, or is lower alkyl substituted by halogen, or is-(CH2)n-heterocyclyl,-(CH2)nN-di-lower alkyl,-(CH 2)nNHC(O)-lower alkyl, adamantly or-(CH2) n-O-lower alkyl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and tautomers thereof. It has been found that the compounds of formula I have a good activity on the 5-HT 5A receptor. Therefore, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of diseases, related to this 15 receptor.


Abstract Previous studies have shown that meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream (EAJS) dominates interannual variability of the EAJS in the summer months. This study investigates the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with meridional displacement of the monthly EAJS during the summer. The meridional displacement of the EAJS in June is significantly associated with the tropical central Pacific SST anomaly in the winter of previous years, while displacements in July and August are related to tropical eastern Pacific SST anomalies in the late spring and concurrent summer. The EAJS tends to shift southward in the following June (July and August) corresponding to a warm SST anomaly in the central (eastern) Pacific in the winter (late spring-summer). The westerly anomaly south of the Asian jet stream is a result of tropical central Pacific warm SST anomaly-related warming in the tropical troposphere, which is proposed as a possible reason for southward displacement of the EAJS in June. The late spring-summer warm SST anomaly in the tropical eastern Pacific, however, may be linked to southward displacement of the EAJS in July and August through a meridional teleconnection over the western North Pacific (WNP) and East Asia.


In this paper we give, as far as we know,
the first method to detect non-algebraic invariant curves for
polynomial planar vector fields. This approach is based on the
existence of a generalized cofactor for such curves. As an
application of this algorithmic method we give some Lotka-Volterra
systems with non-algebraic invariant curves.


This paper presents a cost-efficient and reliable supply chain network design model for biomass to be delivered to biofuel plants. Biomass is bulky, so transportation modes such as rail and barge can be used to deliver this product. For this reason, this study focuses on multimodal supply chain designs for biofuel. Biomass supply is highly seasonal, but the high production seasons for biomass in the Southeast United States often coincide with or are followed by hurricanes, and drought seasons, both of which impact transportation. The dynamic multimodel transportation network design model this paper presents enables this supply chain to cope with biomass supply fluctuations and to hedge against natural disasters. The mixed-integer nonlinear programming model proposed is an 𝒩𝒫-hard problem, and we develop an accelerated Benders decomposition algorithm and a hybrid rolling horizon algorithm to solve this problem. We tested the performance of the algorithm on a case study using data from the Southeast United ...