ABSTRACTCorruption in the country continues to be a problem tearing into the fabric of governance. As the nation grows, the corrupt invent new methods of cheating the Government and public. This study reveals a negative correlation between the corruption and the economic and financial development of the country, thereby worsening the economy. According to World Bank estimates, 0.5% of India's gross domestic product (GDP) is lost due to corruption every year. The study focuses on how the convoluted procedure and the system lead to induction of inefficiencies which in turn could be larger than direct cost of corruption itself. This paper attempts to highlight the effect of corruption on government provision on goods and services, firms, individuals, economic inefficiencies due to distortions, price effects, governments ability to correct an externality and thereby reducing the marginal cost are some of the issues. It is obtained that corruption affects public sector debt and financial sector risk, increases public expenditures and cost of the projects, reduces FDI(foreign direct investment),it affects productivity, competititiveness in export and growth, lowers tax revenues thereby reducing the net income available for decreasing poverty, corrupt data matters for a fiscal crisis, the underground economy affects the fiscal balance. Unless corrective action is taken to curb the acute problem, the development of the country will continue to exacerbate. Thus the study concludes with a focus on the economic reforms necessary to implement and its effect on economic growth, the role of transparency and simplicity in the system in eradicating the corrupt practices and suggestions for designing of effective anti corruption policy.Key words: Economy, inefficiencies, economic growth, development, revenues.INTRODUCTIONCorruption is, "efforts to secure wealth or power through illegal means for private gain at public expense; or a misuse of public power for personal well being". Corruption is running into the blood of people of our country and instead of opposing it people have learnt to accept it and take it as a part and parcel of the life. It remains as one of the problems in many of the world's developing economies with devastating consequences. Even after several efforts made by government to combat corruption by introducing anti corruption policies such as Indian Penal Code, 1860,Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, Right to Information Act, 2005,Central Vigilance Commission Act, Lok Ayukta Acts of States it still exists in our society. India is ranked 96 out of 177 countries with a score of 36 in corruption perception index 2012 and 2013.Police services has its highest share in corruption followed by Land Records/ Registration, Housing, Water Supply Service, NREGS (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme), Forest, Electricity, Health, PDS (Public Distribution System),Banking and School Education (up to class XII). The total bribe amount involved in a year availing the eleven services is estimated at Rs. 883 million. The potential losses suffered by the Indian economy (according to reported corruption cases in the media from October 2011 to September 2012 stands at INR364 billion. This excludes some large scams such as 2G, the Commonwealth Games and mining .This suggests that the measures that are taken to curb the corruption are still unfruitful in India. Corruption still remains the root problem in our society, exacerbating the pace of development in our country.IMPACTSCorruption has vast influence on economic and financial development of our country. The general public suffers the most, with or without the involvement of government in corruption. It obstructs the ability of government to provide its citizen with even the basic human rights. The people of the country remain illiterate due to improper education and the health services too suffer. This leads to the deterioration of whatever public infrastructure has been put in place. …


. We study how fads emerge from social learning in a changing environment. We consider a sequential learning model in which rational agents arrive in order, each acting only once, and the underlying unknown state is constantly evolving. Each agent receives a private signal, observes all past actions of others, and chooses an action to match the current state. Since the state changes over time, cascades cannot last forever, and actions fluctuate too. We show that in the long run, actions change more often than the state. This describes many real-life faddish behaviors in which people often change their actions more frequently than what is necessary.


The availability of nitrogen (N) strongly determines crop yield under normal water conditions. The combination of N fertilisation and breeding of cultivars with a strong response to fertilisation has proved to be a powerful tool to increase grain yield in cereals. However, the risk of environmental pollution and the costs of N fertilizer require an optimisation of N fertilisation. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of a crop plant can be defined as grain yield per unit N fertilizer applied. A low NUE may indicate the inability of the plant to transport, store, and process N in an efficient way. Crops with high NUE can thus be expected to attain higher yields under conditions of N-limitation. NUE is a complex, genotype-specific trait, in which the interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment play a significant role. The representation of leaf and shoot dynamics as well as of tillering is a central component of a realistic cereal FSPM. There is generally agreement that temperature and day length are the main factors influencing the rate of leaf appearance (RLA: Kirby 1995). Nutrient budget also has an influence on RLA, yet to a lesser extent that the named two environmental factors. Effects of N deficiency on RLA are diverse, depending on the experiment: For instance, it reduced RLA in barley plants grown in nutrient solutions (Dale and Wilson 1978). N deficiency delayed leaf and tiller appearance in barley grown in pots with sand, yet RLA was less sensitive to nutrient deficiency than tillering rate (Prystupa et al. 2003).


Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the serum galectin-3 level and its potential association with disease activity and severity indexes in patients with rheumatic diseases.Methods: Eighty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 49 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 30 healthy controls. Galectin-3 concentration in serum was measured using immunochemical method. Results: The galectin-3 concentration were significantly elevated in the RA, SSc and SLE in comparison to the control group (P=0.000, P=0.000, P<0.001; respectively). But there were no significant differences in the serum galectin-3 levels between rheumatic diseases (H=0.395, P=0.821). In RA and SSc patients, galectin-3 positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R=0.332, P=0.004; R=0.384, P=0.009; respectively). The diagnostic accuracy (ACC) of galectin-3 was high in all rheumatic diseases (87.5% for RA, 83.1% for SSc, 81.1% for SLE). ROC analysis revealed that galectin-3 had an excellent diagnostic power in RA (AUC=0.911) and SSc (AUC=0.903) and very good for SLE (AUC=0.859).Conclusions: We concluded that serum galectin-3 due to the high diagnostic power can be a very good laboratory marker in RA and SSc patients and a useful tool in the diagnosis of SLE.


Cooperative group treatment for aphasia based on cooperative learning principles is designed to improve communication skills during small, two-member group interactions. The treatment involves teamwork incorporating positive interdependence, face-to-face promotive interaction, individual accountability, and group processing. Group size, treatment rationales, partner and clinician roles, arrangement of groups, and outcome measures are described. Examples of cooperative learning activities suitable for adapting to group treatment are provided.


The high growth of human activity potentially increases the number of vehicles and the use of fossil fuels that contribute the increase of CO2 emissions in atmosphere. Controlling CO2 emission that causes greenhouse effect becomes the main agenda of Indonesian Government. The first step control CO2 emissions is by measuring the level of CO2 emissions, especially CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector. This research aims to assess the level of CO2 emissions from transportation sector on the main roads in the city centre of Pemalang both in weekdays and weekend days. The methods applied to calculate CO2 emissions using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 method. For this, a survey on the number of vehicles passing through the main roads using hand tally counter is firstly done. The results, CO2 emissions in working day, i.e. 49,006.95 tons/year compared to weekend i.e. 38,865.50 tons/year.


Effect of varying FRP thickness (number of layers) through its bond to RC beam on bond characteristics is investigated in this paper. The paper benefits from finite element solutions introducing equivalent strut model for adhesive layer. Shear and normal stresses of adhesive layer and interaction of these stresses are involved in this model. Nonlinear behavior of materials including crack/crush in concrete and softening in adhesive is considered. The present model is verified against an empirical model and good consistency is observed between two models. Consequently, interfacial stress distribution toward the bond and softening initiation and deboning initiation and failure loads are evaluated. Also, beam deflection and debonding energy dissipation are monitored as well. Following, effect of decreasing FRP thickness at two ends of interface on beam load capacity and deformability prior to failure is studied. It is concluded that appropriate configuration for trim points of FRP layers can improve abovementioned properties of beams. The results of the paper provide practical guides to use FRP laminates with varying thicknesses to strengthen RC beams.


Typical economic theory suggests that price volatility especially the upswings in food price in the commodity market is driven by market fundamentals, i.e., the demand and supply for the commodity. The recent behavior of the world food commodity prices has experienced several large spikes with the 2007-2008 episodes as the most dramatic. The prolonged rise of global commodity prices which peaked in mid-2008, had been seen to fall sharply and bottomed out in early 2009. This price increase which strongly deviated from its intrinsic value was characterized as explosive which indicates price bubble. The study investigated the existence of a price bubble in selected key ASEAN exports i.e. rice, rubber and palm oil. Using the generalized supremum augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF), results reveal multiple bubbles from 1980-2015. Furthermore, through descriptive correlation, these price bubbles had observed to form with some important local and international economic and political scenarios at the backdrop. With these findings, it is recommended that key exporting countries cooperate in creating an international supply management system to ensure the sufficiency and sustainability of the supply of the key agricultural products. Furthermore, it is recommended to improve current market information systems to reduce price volatility. ASEAN countries can reduce the price transmission from international markets through the use of trade controls and buffer stocks. In the longer run, exporting countries need to invest more in their agricultural sector, making it more productive and efficient, thus will make food more affordable for the poor and reduce price volatility.


perspective for political and social action is demonstrated by G. Trotzig and M. Biornstad, as is the need for international leadership and professionalism (K. Kristiansen). The second section is devoted to "Regional and Country Studies," consisting of 13 papers that expose a forest of legislative and governmental issues. The conflict between an imperial global perspective and an autochthonous one is perhaps most clearly expressed in J. Flood's paper on Australia, while the balancing of economic and social concerns is addressed by several authors. The third section consists of six "Case Studies." Two of the cases are noteworthy because of the conflicting approaches they contain. J. Czaplicki's Arizona comparison of Bureau of Reclamation and Bureau of Land Management projects includes comments by agency archaeologists. Two papers deal with Stonehenge (F. Golding and P. Addyman), using it as a foil to discuss changing British values and assumptions and the conflicting purposes to which interpretive facilities may be subject. The final section has five papers devoted to the "Training and Qualification of Archaeologists for Heritage Management." Common to these suggestions is the fundamental need to sensitize archaeologists to heritage issues and to build on their disciplinary training the skills and knowledge necessary to provide professional management in a complex public and political context (H. Davis, J. Alexander, B. Thapar, and N. P. Stanley Price). The need to develop an infrastructure of professional institutions and organizations is expressed clearly (P. Addyman). While this volume depicts the heritage of the archaeological heritage-management movement, it does so within the coherent disciplinary frame of archaeology. We may argue about purposes, we may legislate for procedures, and we may adjudicate for power, but the fiercest struggles are the archaeological issues—significance, sampling, representativeness, professionalism, contracting, and accountability. Archaeological heritage management is a negotiated process, context specific and politically constrained. At all scales—from landscapes to monuments to icons; from countries to provinces to private plots—the negotiated balance can be achieved by consensus, by compromise, and by litigation. Cleere has gathered papers that deal with all of these issues—a rich potpourri. His editorial hand was light but deft, so the diversity of approaches is expressed clearly and well produced. This book will be a landmark in cultural-resource management and can serve as a valuable reference book for all archaeologists or an advanced textbook for archaeological heritage management.


The effective identification of associated relations between enterprises is one of the vital methods for credit risk management. It is a common phenomenon that the failure to identify the relations between the customer groups results in the increasing of credit risks of financial institutions, including granting multi-end or excessive credit or inappropriately distributes the amount of credit line to customer group. The existing technologies for mining associated relations of credit customers are relatively lagging behind, most rely on open business information without timely update, and the risk management of financial institutions faces enormous challenges. This paper proposed a model named Enterprise Relation Extraction based GRU (ERE-GRU) to auto-extract the relations between enterprises from unstructured text data, which used Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to build the neural network, and extracts the lexical features such as word embedding and syntactic features such as dependency to explore the relation between entities. The experimental results show that the effectiveness of the ERE-GRU model in enterprise relation extraction, and the F1-score reached 0.71.


Model calculations were made on the hydrated electron by using the ab initio MO method combined with the MR-SD-Cl method and the coupled cluster theory. The models used in the calculations were water clusters denoted by [e−(H2O)n(H2O)m], where n = 2,3,4, and 6 for the first solvation shell and m = 0–28 for the second and third solvation shells. In these model calculations, the interactions between the excess electron and the water molecules in the first solvation shell are explicitly calculated by ab initio MO methods and the water molecules in the second and third solvation shells were represented by the fractional charges obtained at the MP2/D95V** level. The stabilization energies and the solvation radius r(e−–O), in terms of the distance between the center of the cavity and an oxygen atom of the surrounding water molecules, increased monotonically with the number of water molecules in the first solvation shell. On the other hand, the first excitation energy was not dependent on the number of water mol...


Early repolarization (ER) is a sign of abnormal cardiac repolarization, previously is regarded as a benign electrocardiogram finding. However, in recent years, many studies have proved that ER is closely related to some malignant arrhythmias. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the occurrence and characteristics of ER, identify high-risk groups as early as possible, and take effective treatment measures to improve the prognosis of ER patients. This paper summarizes the research results of early repolarization and the latest research progress.

Key words:
Early repolarization; Malignant arrhythmias; Ventricular fibrillation


Worldwide use of pesticide has increased dramatically during the last two decades. As a consequence, pesticide residues and their transformation products are frequently found in groundwater and agricultural soils. This review aims to elaborate the potential applications of biological agents in decontamination of agricultural soils and groundwater, which have been polluted with continuous and higher doses of pesticides through process of biodegradation. Among biological agents, enzymes have a great potentiality to effectively transform and detoxify polluting substances present in soil and water because they have been recognized to be able to transform pollutants at a detectable rate and are potentially suitable to restore polluted environments. This brief review will examine some classes of pesticide pollutants in soil and water and enzymes capable of transforming them effectively into innocuous products. Particular attention will be devoted to pollutants with a high polluting potential of pesticides such as DTT, organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamide pesticides. The enzymatic processes developed and implemented in some of these detoxification treatments will be examined in details.


Shimmy is an engineering example of self-excited vibration. Much research on shimmy has considered the tyre as the positive feedback or negative damping to create instability of the entire system. In this context, we focus on the relation between the energy balance, tyre motion and shimmy stability. The energy flow method is applied to the Von Schlippe tyre model to illustrate the energy transfer through tyre during periodic excitations. It evaluates the tyre performance with a prescribed sinusoidal motion and provides a novel approach in evaluating tyre models. A trailing wheel system is used to study the tyre motion at the boundary of shimmy stability. The tyre motion at these boundaries has to satisfy the condition that zero energy is transferred from the forward motion to the lateral/yaw motion.


Abstract : A proposed U.S. Navy ship to ship, line of sight, high data rate communication system is analyzed. Because of the limited bandwidth available in the UHF band, it is desired to reuse a frequency channel at the shortest possible range. By limiting the radiated power to the minimum required to establish a desired quality of service, the channel can be reused at considerably shorter ranges than when the transmitter output power is fixed to the maximum available. Frequency reuse, however, introduces the problem of co-channel interference which degrades system performance. A computer simulation was developed to determine the bit error rate (BER) of a QPSK system in a Ricean fading channel with one co-channel interferer. The simulation generates plots of energy per bit to one sided noise power spectral density ratio (Eb/N0) versus BER. Simulation results are used to compute the minimum range (R) at which the channel can be reused while maintaining an average BER of 10 to the 6th power. The results show that even when no power control is used the channel can be reused at a range, R, of approximately 45 kilometers. This range can be reduced to less than 20 kilometers if an interfering ship can reduce its output power by 30 dB.


Taking one double arch bridge as example,it describes typical diseases,causes of the double arch bridge,as well as its influences on structure,points out that causes of double arch bridge disease is more complex,it should get correct adjustment in reinforcement and transformation of the double arch bridge,adopts corresponding technology measures,so as to reach aim of improving bearing force of the double arch bridge.


In this paper narrow slit length effect on the shielding effectiveness of the metallic housing in microwaves is investigated. Found that slit in real box can shift the resonance frequency more than 3% when compare with ideal shield as a resonator. The direction and shift properties of the resonance frequency depend on the slit length. Shielding effectiveness minima of the housing is observed when the slit length equals to the resonance wavelength of ideal shield.


Introduction: Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is an uncommon but, potentially curable cause of refractory hypertension and allograft dysfunction. Percutaneous endovascular interventions are currently the favored method of managing this complication. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement as the primary treatment of TRAS. Methods: In our transplant center out of 1730 renal transplants performed between 1981 and 2009, 17 patients were diagnosed to have TRAS. TRAS was suspected on basis of difficult to control hypertension (11 patients) and unexplained allograft dysfunction (6 patients). Significant TRAS was diagnosed if > 60% stenosis was detected on arteriography. The effect of PTA and stent placement on blood pressure control and allograft dysfunction was analyzed. Results: PTA and PTA with stenting were performed successfully in 6 and 9 patients respectively. One patient had graft artery thrombosis and one patient with tight stenosis could not be dilated. Median follow up was 18 months (Range 12 156 months). There was a significant in systolic blood pressure (164+ 20 to 138+23 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (100+13 to 86+ mm Hg). There was a significant reduction in the need for antihypertensive medication (3.1 to 2.43 pill/day). The renal function stabilized but no improvement was noted. Conclusion: TRAS can be successfully managed by minimally invasive technique like PTA and PTA with stenting.


Purpose: Evaluate the association between genu valgum with adiposity and physical fitness in a longitudinal approach. Methods: A sample of 129 schoolchildren of both sexes met the following inclusion criteria: a)age between 6-18 years; b) two complete fitness evaluations including measuring the intermalleolar distance (DIM) within an interval of three years; c) be registered in public school system; d) being apparently healthy; e) have no physical handicaps. The intermalleolar distance was measured with a ruler in centimeters. The students were divided into three groups: mild, moderate and severe. Anthropometric variables were measured: body weight, height, body mass index and adiposity, while the neuromotor variables were: agility, speed and long jump. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate for associations between genu valgum with adiposity and physical fitness variables. Results: Among 129 adolescents, 62,8% were mild genu valgum, 21,7% were moderate genu valgum and 15,5% were severe genu valgum. After adjust by confoundings, an association between genu valgum and body mass (β 11,7; IC 95% 5,8 – 17,7), BMI (β 3,7; IC 95% 1,9 – 5,5), and adiposity (β 7,4; IC 95% 4,3 – 10,5) was found. There were no significant association between genu valgum and neuromotor variables. Conclusion: Adolescentes that present higher levels of genu valgum increase the probability to have higher adiposity in the future. KeywoRds Obesity; Adiposity; Adolescent; Genu Valgum; Physical Fitness. Geno Valgo, Obesidade e Aptidao Fisica 47


Fifteen years ago, I was an aspiring undergraduate athletic therapy student in Canada. One of the fi rst injuries I ever evaluated was a concussion. I was fascinated that the approach to evaluating and managing the injury differed considerably from the other sports medicine injuries I had learned about in the classroom and laboratory settings. The sheer lack of rehabilitation for this injury was unsettling. It provoked a keen interest, which led me to earn my credentials as an athletic trainer in the United States to facilitate my pursuit of graduate and doctoral studies in the area of sportrelated concussion. Collectively, public health and medical researchers have done great things to advance the public's knowledge about concussion. The popular media seems to consistently sensationalize head trauma in sports—often hinging on studies lacking prospective cause-andeffect fi ndings—and this has had


W ith only s ix days re m a in  in g u n t i l th e e le c t io n , the Ind iana C ongressional ca nd i dates fro m the 2nd d is t r ic t , C h r is C h o c o la and Joe D o n n e lly , a re re m a in in g s te a d fa s t in th e ir cam pa ign tactics and hopefu l th e ir cam  pus v is its made a d iffe ren ce am ong the N o tre Dame and Saint M a ry 's com m unity. R e p re s e n ta t iv e s fo r b o th men, who have made v is its to Notre Dame and Saint M a ry 's, said there w ould be no m ajor changes in s tra te g y d u r in g the fin a l weekend o f the race. " We' re ju s t s tick ing to w hat has been w o rk in g w e ll so fa r , " sa id D o n n e lly 's p ress secretary, Jonathan D iffley. F o r th e D e m o c ra tic c h a l le n g e r th a t m eans an e ffo r t la r g e ly w aged on fo o t . D o n n e lly and h is c a m p a ig n te a m h ave s p e n t w e e ks knock ing on doors in c r it ic a l ne ighborhoods u rg in g people to reg is te r to vote. The chore in the f in a l few days is to get those people to show up at the polls. " We a re ju s t w o r k in g on g e t t in g o u t o u r v o te , " Donnelly said. And fo r some, i t is w ork ing . Saint M a ry 's ju n io r and 2nd c o n g re s s io n a l d is t r ic t r e s i den t Shelby B aughm an sa id the cam pus v is its re m in d e d her o f the im portance o f vo t ing. " Both po litic ians have made cons ide rab le e ffo rts to come to our campuses, encouraging us to vo te in the u p c o m in g e le c tio n ," Baughman said. " I th in k th a t th e ir appearances w i l l in c re a s e th e n e w e s t v o te r 's tu r n o u t com e n e x t Tuesday." Democrats w ill extend every resource on Nov. 2 to get peo p le to v o te , m a k in g p ho ne


A polyethylene comprises ethylene homopolymers and/or copolymers of ethylene with 1-alkenes and has a molar mass distribution width of 5-30, a density of 0.92-0.955 g/cm3>, a weight average molar mass of 50000-500000 g/mol and has 0.01-20 branches/1000 carbon and a z-average molecular weight of less than 1 Mio.g/mol. An independent claim is included for a catalyst compostion comprising at least two different polymerization catalysts of which (A) is at least one polymerization catalyst based on hafnocene (A) and (B) is at least one polymerization catalyst based on an iron component having a tridentate ligand each bearing a halogen or tert, alkyl substituent in the ortho position (B).


Illicit web contents such as pornography, violence, and gambling have greatly polluted the mind of web users especially children and teenagers. Due to the ineffectiveness of some popular web filtering techniques like Uniform Resource Locator (URL) blocking and Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) checking against today's dynamic web contents, content based analysis techniques with effective model are highly desired. In this paper, we have proposed a textual content analysis model using entropy term weighting scheme to classify pornography and sex education web pages. We have examined the entropy scheme with two other common term weighting schemes that are TFIDF and Glasgow. Those techniques have been tested with artificial neural network using small class dataset. In this study, we found that our proposed model has achieved better performance in terms accuracy, convergence speed, and stability compared to the other techniques.


In this paper, we report the effect of annealing temperature of target on the texture of thin films coated by electron beam physical vapor deposition method. Nanocrystalline cerium oxide (CeO2) and 20 mol% samarium doped cerium oxide (SDC) powders, compacted into pellets, were used as targets after annealing at 300, 500 and 800 °C. Grain size analysis of the target by X-ray diffraction showed a size range of 12–52 nm and 9–22 nm for CeO2 and SDC, respectively. Texture coefficient calculation from glancing incident X-ray diffraction showed a preferential orientation of (111) in CeO2 films. However SDC films exhibited (200) orientation grown at the expense of (111) which resulted in higher residual strain with annealing temperature. The pole figure analysis elucidated smaller in-plane misorientation in CeO2 than in SDC films. Under similar deposition conditions, difference in textured growth between CeO2 and SDC is primarily induced by vapor pressure modifications associated with the annealing temperature of the target. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the films indicate the presence of higher oxygen vacancy concentration in SDC as well as a decrease in Ce3+ concentration with target annealing temperature.


The aim of this article is to introduce the notion of J-EP matrices as a generalization of EP matrices, in the setting of indefinite inner product spaces with respect to the indefinite matrix product. Connections between J-EP matrices and EP matrices, an interesting characterization of J-EP matrices similar to EP matrices and the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse with respect to the indefinite matrix product (including the triple product) are brought out. A generalization of a result on polynomials in two variables satisfied by two related matrices is also presented in the setting of indefinite inner product spaces with respect to the indefinite matrix product.


We propose the following problem. A graph G is to be properly edge coloured such that any two adjacent vertices share at most k colours. We call this the k-intersection colouring. The minimum number of colours required for such a colouring is the kintersection chromatic index and is denoted χk. Let f be defined by fk(∆) = max G:∆(G)=∆ {χk(G)} We show that fk(∆) = Θ( 2 k ). We also discuss some open problems.


This paper describes the development and uses of a new software program called cMap that calculates and visualizes thermal comfort parameters throughout a space and over time. While some existing tools provide comfort calculations either over space or throughout time, cMap provides both calculations, providing a more complete picture of our thermal environment. Since the program works as a companion to EnergyPlus, a cMap analysis can be performed quickly, fitting into existing analysis workflows. Such a tool can be used to predict areas and periods of thermal discomfort, provide additional support for the use of energyefficiency measures, and promote the use of thermal diversity in the built environment.


In this paper, we present, for the first time, the magnetic properties of Cd1-yMnyS nanocrystals of average size (4 nm) at various compositions, y. We demonstrate that the Mn−Mn interactions are markedly enhanced compared to the bulk material. As in the bulk phase, the photoluminescence and the EPR hyperfine structure, both attributed to isolated Mn2+ ions in a tetrahedral coordination, behave similarly with increasing composition. At the opposite of the bulk phase, isolated Mn2+ ions are observed for a rather large composition (y = 0.08) in nanocrystals. We attempt to relate the change of the band gap with composition with the various manganese interactions.


this book deals with the experience economy, which is a name for a scientific and management approach that deals with business and economic activities related to peoples' experiences. no authorized definition of the experience economy exists, but in this handbook we emphasize that the experience economy concerns activities carried out in the public and private sectors that focus on fulfilling peoples' need for experiences. it also focuses on how the users or receivers react to, and use, experiential elements. the experience economy encompasses more than the creative industries and cultural economy (cf. caves, 2000; du Gay and pryke, 2002); it also includes the way in which the use and consumption of goods and services can be experiential. the experience economy is a topic that has attracted increased attention in the last decade, particularly in northern europe, but also to some degree in the USa and canada, asia, australia and South america. an increasing number of books and articles have been published on the subject (for example, pine and Gilmore, 1999, 2011; department for culture, media and Sport, 2001; mossberg, 2003, 2007; o'dell and billing, 2005; bærenholdt and Sundbo, 2007; boswijk et al., 2007; caru and cova, 2007; Sundbo and darmer, 2008; Horn and Jensen, 2011; Lorentzen and Hansen, 2012). the topic has been a basis for business development in firms, for industrial policy (department for culture, media and Sport, 2001; kk Stiftelsen, 2003; erhvervsog byggestyrelsen and center for kulturog oplevelsesøkonomi, 2011) and for national, regional and local development initiatives (Sørensen et al., 2010; erhvervsog byggestyrelsen and center for kulturog oplevelsesøkonomi, 2011; FreireGibb, 2011; Lorentzen and Hansen, 2012). certain theoretical assumptions, research questions and analytical traditions have emerged and point to the experience economy being a scientific paradigm with its own discussion and explanatory agenda. one may generally term this emerging scientific paradigm 'experience economy studies'. this handbook collects together most of these issues to present a stateoftheart of experience economy studies and new findings and theoretical contributions. the handbook thus presents how far the scientific field of experience economy studies has come. it presents general knowledge – something in between textbooks and scientific articles. the chapters are research based; however, they present a general perspective. Some are more empirical, but presented in a generalized and theoretical perspective, others are more theoretical. the perspective of the book is on business and economic (including planning and innovation) processes. However, other aspects are also included. psychological and sociological aspects are treated because these are necessary for explaining how and why people as customers or citizens actually experience. However, it is not a handbook on psychology just as it is not a handbook on leisure, aesthetics or content analysis


This study was necessitated by the rising wave of insecurity in the posh places of Nairobi County including in the gated areas that this study presupposed was linked to information shared in social networking user sites. The study was guided by three objectives; to identify the features of online interaction in social networking user sites and their implication on personal security of Dagoretti North Constituency residents in Nairobi County, to identify personal security risks associated with interaction on social networking user sites; and to establish the risk mitigation measures that cushion social networking users in Dagoretti North Constituency in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 378 members of public while Key Informants (K.I) guide were used to collect qualitative data from 10 K.I who comprised of; police officers in crime branch sections of Kilimani and Kawangware police stations. Stratified random sampling technique was used to pick the main respondents. Data was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results presented using descriptive statistics. Qualitative responses were presented in verbatim quotes and selected comments. According to this study, Instagram (61.9%), Facebook (48.7%), Google+ (42.1%) and Twitter (31.5%) were the most frequently used sites, used every day. The study concluded that; social media sites expose user's geographical coordinates, allow the use of pseudo names and credentials that disguise the criminals making them difficult to apprehend, made it easy to find victims with just a few keystrokes, allows replication of information and conceal originality, and hence predisposes user's credentials to theft. The different features of social media networking sites exposed users to major personal security risks such as abductions, rape, robberies, break-ins, murders and burglaries. In order to address the personal security risks brought about by disclosure of personal identifiable information on social networking sites on the users, the study recommended policy formulation through the ICT ministry to create mechanisms for reaching out to SNS users for purposes of user education on safe usage of SNS. Further, as a matter of policy, the government should benchmark with developed countries for advanced preventive regulations measures against social networking vulnerability hence cushion and protect SNS users.


Objective To investigate the expression of tumor stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase -1 (ALDH-1)in primary tumor and lymph node metastases of lymph node-positive invasive micropapillary carcinoma ( IMPC) of breast and its clinical significance .Methods The expression , location and distribution of ALDH-1 were examined by immunohistochemical staining in 103 cases with lymph node metastasis of IMPC and 110 cases with lymph node metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified ( IDC-NOS) without preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy , and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic sig-nificance was analyzed .Results ( 1 ) The positive expression rate of ALDH-1 was significantly higher in IMPC group of primary tumor and lymph node metastases (37.9% in primary tumor, 39/103 cases;47.6% in lymph node metastases, 49/103 cases)than in IDC-NOS group(21.8% in primary tumor, 24/110 cases; 23.6% in lymph node metastases, 26/110 cases)(P<0.05).(2)Expression of ALDH-1 had a significantly positive corre-lation with tumor size , histological grade , lymph node metastasis , ER-negative status , PR-negative status , and HER2 overexpression in primary tumor and lymph node metastases of IMPC (P<0.05).(3)The disease-free sur-vival of IMPC group patients was significantly shorter than that of IDC-NOS group patients(P=0.003).In IPMC patients with lymphode metastases , the disease-free survival of patients with ALDH-1 positive in primary tumor and lymph node was significantly lower than patients with ALDH-1 negative expression (P<0.05).In multivari-ate analysis, positive expression of ALDH-1 in metastatic lesions was associated with worse prognosis ( P =0.005).Conclusion ALDH-1 can be used as an independent factor for predicting prognosis of patients with lymph node-positive breast IMPC and the existence of stem cells in IMPC tumor cells may represent high IMPC lymphatic invasion , lymph node metastasis and high resistance .

Key words:
Breast invasive micro papillary carcinoma; Stem cells; Primary foci; Lymph node metastases


Evaluation of the content of free texts is a challenging task for humans. Automation of this process is largely useful in order to reduce human related errors. We consider one instance of the "free texts" assessment problems; automatic essay grading where the task is to grade student written essays automatically given course materials and a set of human-graded essays as training data. We use a Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)-based methodology to accomplish this task. We experiment on a dataset obtained from an occupational therapy course and report the results. We also discuss our findings, analyze different problem areas and explain the potential


The present invention discloses a medical tube of an optical assembly and a control unit and method of use. The medical tube of the optical imaging device comprises a steering mechanism and, when the optical medical tube was placed in the patient, the image forming apparatus to provide visual aid to the user. The medical tube is connected to the optical connector adapter, the optical image forming apparatus such that the medical tube of the steering mechanism and the quick and easy connection to the control unit, so that a single control unit may be used to place a feeding tube or a plurality of acknowledgment feeding tube remains in its proper position in process without lengthy disinfection procedures.


Objective To explore the influence of cerebral hemorrhage stress on endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) proliferation and senescence. Methods Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH group) and patients with the same underling diseases (control group) as the front were isolated and induced to EPCs. Proliferation, numbers of colonies and cells, senescence of EPCs were checked and compared between the two groups. Results Compared with control group, proliferation (0.270 ± 0. 074 vs 0. 185 ±0.050, t=3.802) ,numbers of colonies( (5. l0 ±0.79) cell/HPF vs ( 1.90 ±0.41 ) cell/HPF, t= 14.407) and cells( (75.15 ± 10.48) cell/HPF vs(57.10 ± 9.28 ) cell/HPF, t = 5. 157 ) of EPCs in CH group on the stress of cerebral hemorrhage were increased significantly (P < 0.01 ), but senescence of EPCs ( (45.54 ± 5.74 ) cells/100 cells vs ( 46.86 ± 5.06 ) cells/100 cells, t = 0. 686 ) in two groups were not different (P > 0.05 ). Conclusion Cerebral hemorrhage stress can increase proliferation of EPCs,but can not change the senescence destiny of EPCs.

Key words:
Cerebral hemorrhage; Endothelial progenitor cells; Stress; Proliferation; Senescence


The interest in developing efficient nano and pico-satellites has grown in the last 20 years. Secondary propulsion systems capable of serving specific maneuvers are an essential part of these small satellites. In particular, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Vaporizing Liquid Microthrusters (VLM), using water as a propellant, represent today a smart choice in terms of simplicity and cost. In this paper, we first propose a review of the international literature focused on MEMS VLM development, reviewing the different geometries and heating solutions proposed in the literature. Then, we focus on a critical aspect of these micro thrusters: the presence of unstable phenomena. In particular, the boiling instabilities and reverse channel flow substantially impact the MEMS VLMs' performance and limit their applicability. Finally, we review the research focused on the passive and active control of the boiling instabilities, based on VLM geometry optimization and active heating strategies, respectively. Today, these ones represent the two principal research axes followed by the scientific community to mitigate the drawbacks linked to the use of MEMS VLMs.


Abstract:In this article, I situate Tunisian filmmaker Kaouther Ben Hania as part of a new generation of women documentarists who have seized newfound cinematic liberties in post-revolution Tunisia. In what could be considered her first feature documentary, Le Challat de Tunis (2013), as well as in her award-winning first fiction feature film, La Belle et la meute (), Ben Hania focuses on gender violence against women in Tunisia. I examine, on the one hand, Ben Hania's unique and compelling use of the documentary form in Le Challat de Tunis; on the other hand, I ask how this highly localized film can be seen at once as national and transnational in design, intention, and appeal.Abstract:Dans cet article, je positionne la cinéaste tunisienne Kaouther Ben Hania au sein d'une nouvelle génération de cinéastes documentaristes qui prennent possession de nouvelles libertés cinématographiques et d'une nouvelle liberté d'expression dans la Tunisie post-révolutionnaire. Dans ce qui pourrait être vu comme son premier documentaire, Le Challat de Tunis (2013), ainsi que dans son premier long métrage, La Belle et la meute (), Ben Hania s'attaque aux violences sexuelles contre les femmes tunisiennes. En analysant Le Challat de Tunis, je m'intéressse, d'un côté, à comment Ben Hania mène un travail singulier sur la forme documentaire, et, de l'autre, j'examine comment ce film ayant un contexte local et national peut fonctionner à la fois sur les plans national et transnational dans sa construction, son intention et son intérêt.


The presence of heavy metals in aquatic environments poses a serious environmental risk. The usage of heavy metal-tolerant bacteria may serve as a cost -effective tool for bioremediation of polluted water bodies. Thus, the present study aims at the isolation and characterization of heavy metal tolerant gramnegative bacteria collected from the polluted water of the river Yamuna, Delhi, India. The water samples were collected from the downstream river and enriched separately in the nutrient broth. Appropriate dilutions were then plated in eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar supplemented with cadmium (10 to 4000 μg/ml) and nickel (10 to 3000 μg/ml). The colonies having different morphologies that were formed in the EMB agar were selected, and their metal tolerance concentration (MTC) was determined. Based on their MTC values, two isolates were identified by using morphological, biochemical, and molecular (16S rRNA gene sequencing) methods. Besides, their growth kinetics, co-metal tolerance, and antibiotic resistance were also determined. The identified isolates 2 and 8 were tolerant to cadmium (3000 μg/ml) and nickle (2000 μg/ml), respectively. The isolates were found to be closely related to Pantoea agglomerans JCM 1236 (sample 2) and Enterobacter asburiae JCM 6051 (sample 8). They were not only co-tolerant to cadmium (3000 μg/ml) and nickle (2000 μg/ml) but also showed resistance to various antibiotics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed changes in surface morphology of nickle and cadmium-treated samples 2 and 8, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies revealed the presence of cadmium and nickel in both the isolates after metal treatment. The results conclude that the identified heavy metal tolerant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of contaminated wastewater and industrial effluents.


This work is devoted to a new, fast and efficient method of evaluating the number of marginal cells in a non-volatile electrical memory array. This extraction from experimental data is fundamentally an inverse problem. The method proposed here is based on simple cross-correlation functions and de-convoluting operations. With the microelectronics device dimension downscaling, the reliability of non-volatile electrical memory has become crucial and any marginal cell can compromise the functioning of the whole array (containing hundreds of thousands of elementary cells). A specific array called Cell Array Structure Test (CAST) has been developed as a useful characterization tool to statistically study retention and endurance performance with few experimental operations. However, this device cannot easily count the low number of failed cells among hundreds of thousands. That is why we had to develop a mathematical method to extract this major quantity from measurements. This method has been validated on an EEPROM CAST – 0.13 µm technology node, but it is extendable to all memory devices integrated in parallel array and more generally to any electrical measurement done in a similar configuration.


This work aims to identify the discursive frameworks involved in the construction of health promotion and to explore their relationships with communications media, taking as a reference point the journalistic discourse found in a representative sample of Rio de Janeiro's newspaper publications. The work is exploratory and descriptive in kind, making use of discourse analysis techniques in order to define its methodological references.
The column 'The Best of Life – Health' was chosen as an object of study after identifying the regular health-related columns published in four journals circulating in Rio de Janeiro City. This column is a prime example of the expression of health promotional discourse in the newspaper media.Analysis of this case revealed a close association between health and bodily aesthetics in the construction of discourses on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The healthy body is portrayed as an aesthetically perfect body, archetypically young and beautiful, which demands the modification of consumption habits in order to achieve the ideal form.


This essay returns to some fundamental notions in computing history to argue for a creative and dynamic form of scholarly editing in the digital space as a form of creative-critical practice. Constituted as a complementary method to the tradition of critical editing, which attempts to provide the most correct description and single representation of the text, the editor attuned to creative-critical methods seeks to brings readers of the edition closer to the energies of writing – composition, revision, text-making, and the context of texts and their relational contexts. These ideas are demonstrated by three examples from the Melville Electronic Library's work on Moby-Dick, Billy Budd, Sailor, and the forthcoming digital edition of Hawthorne and His Mosses.


An employee's personal relationships sometimes appear to create a serious conflict of interest. A conflict of interest emerges when an employee's personal interests interfere with, or appear to interfere with, the impartial discharge of his or her professional duties. These issues can arise from personal relationships with both colleagues and competitors. Relationships between colleagues may engender discontent and perceptions of favouritism. Intimate involvement with someone working for a competitor may appear to risk the divulging of commercially sensitive information.


We prove a version of Carleson's Theorem in the Walsh model for vector-valued functions: For $1<p< \infty$, and a UMD space $Y$, the Walsh-Fourier series of $f \in L ^{p}(0,1;Y)$ converges pointwise, provided that $Y$ is a complex interpolation space $Y=[X,H]_\theta$ between another UMD space $X$ and a Hilbert space $H$, for some $\theta\in(0,1)$. Apparently, all known examples of UMD spaces satisfy this condition.


During the process of Portland cement hydration, a large amount of heat would be released. It was the main source for concrete, especially the massive concrete cracking, which was caused by the thermal stress introduced by heat of hydration. A theoretical formula of heat of hydration of cement was summed. The effects of hydration heat in cement were discussed comprehensively. The research and progression on the establishment of mathematical model for cement hydration heat in worldwide, and the work of reducing the heat of hydration in cement production were also introduced.


Heart disease is currently the world9s leading cause of death. Many heart conditions can only be treated through surgery, during which cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) is often used. During CPB the heart is stopped and the blood supply diverted from the heart and lungs to allow the operation to proceed in a largely blood-free environment. CPB is still associated with severe systemic inflammation and tissue damage and post-operative lung dysfunction of various degrees occurs in 30% of patients. In order to ascertain the mechanisms of lung injury we carried out non-biased transcriptomic (microarray) and proteomic analysis (Tandem Mass Tagging) on lung tissue from 36 patient both pre-surgery and post-CPB, immediately before reperfusion. 52 genes were significantly induced following CPB, including genes linked to inflammation: CCL2 9 (5x induction, p=5e-20), IL6 (4.6x, p=1.5e-14) and stress: EGR1 (4.6x p6.8e-17) and IER3 (4.1x, p=3.2e-17). Pathway analysis showed significant induction of the response to stress, immune system process and cellular process pathways. Proteomic analysis identified 95 proteins with greater than 50% change post-CPB, including inflammation (eosinophil peroxidase and Mucin-5B), metabolic changes (NADH dehydrogenase and TBC1 domain family), signalling molecules (calcium channels and lipid binding) and haemoglobin. Analysis of biological process identified changes including blood circulation, biogenesis and morphogenesis. Therefore, there is increased stress and inflammation in the lungs of patients undergoing CPB. Understanding the relationship between the cellular signalling pathways and the stress and inflammatory response in the lung may help us to reduce the damage to the lungs that occurs during CPB.


A large numbers of metrics have been proposed for measuring properties of object-oriented software such as size, inheritance, cohesion and coupling. The coupling metrics presented in this paper exploring the difference between inheritance and interface programming. This paper presents a measurement to measure coupling between object (CBO), number of associations between classes (NASSocC), number of dependencies in metric (NDepIN) and number of dependenciesout metric (NDepOut) in object oriented programming for both static and dynamic analysis. Java programs is used for implementation.In this paper we want to show which concept is good to use and beneficial for software developer.


Summary This paper is one of a series that have been prepared to summarise the evolution of silvicultural practices in the native forests of Australia. It describes changes in silvicultural practices in the context of ecological characteristics of the species and changing perceptions of forest values and land use. This paper focuses on the semi-arid eucalypt woodlands, and the dry and wet sclerophyll forests of Western Australia. Data are presented which illustrate the impact of these practices on the forest in terms of intensity of disturbance.


The objective of this study was to examine the
relationship between private dentists' attitudes toward Medicaid and Med icaid
patients and their extent of Medicaid participation . Methods: A survey was
mailed to all Medicaid dentists in Alabama in 2003 (N=578). Descriptive
statistics were calculated, and multiple regression models were tested. The
"dentists' extent of participation " was a measure of the percentage of
Medicaid patients seen in one month . Independent variables included
dentists' personal and practice characteristics; market area characteristics;
and dentists' attitudes toward Medicaid and Medic aid patients. Results: A
total of 277 ( 54%) surveys was returned. Non-Caucasian dentists in group
practice had a higher mean of extent of Medicaid participation than Caucasian
dentists in solo practice . Moreover, compared to privately insured families,
dentists had significantly higher mean of extent of Medicaid participation if
they perceived Medicaid reimbursement as generous ; payments being
processed faster; and families as not acceptable to non -Medicaid families in
the practice. Conclusions: Dentists' perceptions of Medicaid policies , such
as generosity of payment and speed of processing payment are important to
ensure continued provider participation in Medicai d. Strategies to improve
dentists' participation in Medicaid must be multifaceted to increase access to
dental services for Medicaid children. (Pediatr Dent 2007;29:293-302)
1 Dr. AIAgili is assistant professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Dr. Pass is professor, Maternal and Child Health, and 3Dr. Bronstein is professor, Health Care
Organization" and Policy, both at the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala;
4Dr. Lockwood is State Dental Director, Alabama Department of Public Health, Montgomery, Ala.


Let K be a finite extension of Qp endowed with the p-adic valuation and let R be its ring of integers. In this paper we give a complete classification of R-Hopf algebra orders in the group ring KCp3 . For an arbitrary Hopf order H, we show that either the group scheme SpH or the group scheme SpH , with H the linear dual, can be viewed as the middle term of the Baer product of a distinguished extension with a generically trivial extension. Using this characterization we then compute algebra generators for either H or H.


We describe the capture, fusion, fission and evaporation residue formation cross sections of superheavy nuclei within the proposed earlier two stages dynamical model. The approaching of the projectile nucleus to the target nucleus is described in the first stage of the model. On the second stage, the evolution of the system formed after the touching of the projectile and target nuclei is considered. The evolution of the system on both stages is described by Langevin equations. The transport coefficients of these equations are calculated within the microscopic linear response theory. The mutual orientation of the colliding ions, the tunneling through the Coulomb barrier in the entrance channel and the shell effects in the potential energy on both stages of the calculations are taking into account. The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data and other theoretical predictions.


Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in Peninsular Malaysia is still widely distributed in the interior of the country in the following states: Pahang, Perak, Johor, Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, and Negeri Sembilan, which probably Pahang has the largest population (Choudhury et al., 2008). Animals in captivity including Asian elephant prone to problems that include poor health


With startup of the latest French N4 reactors and progress with development of the EPWR, the potential for nuclear power is brighter now than for many years.


The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engineering research is becoming closer to the mass consumer. Leading global geneticists predict that in the coming years, a boom will occur in the genetic engineering market, comparable to the massive spread of personal computers in the 1980s. Thus genetically modified biomaterials with upgraded biological properties, expanding towards mass-scale industrial production, and the considerable consumption in regular universal activities. The techniques used to develop new materials and to modify the properties of existing materials, are subjected to different industries and fields of scientific researches. CRISPR is an authoritative research tool that facilitates scientists to deal with the expression of a gene. It has shown tremendous potential in genome research due to its ability to delete unwanted traits, and possibly even replace them with desirable traits. It is agile, worthwhile, and more authentic than any preceding gene-editing techniques. Genetically engineered biomaterials have been an enormous field of research over the last fifteen years and CRISPR has already initiated performing a significant aspect in boosting biomaterial research. Abstract Introduction: Cancer is the second most common cause of death. In the context of mortality in ageing populations, breast cancer receives attention as it affects women over 50 years old. Objective: Here, we use hospital cancer records to evaluate the epidemiological and demographic profile of women with breast cancer attempted at Cancer Hospital of Muriaé. Methods: Based on medical records, we compared the city and/or microregion of the patient with breast cancer at the Cancer Hospital of Muriaé of the Cristiano Varella Foundation, in Muriaé, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. Results: The 1536 patients with breast cancer exhibited a median age of 54 years old. The majority of the patients more than 90% - come from the state of Minas Gerais, with others coming from southeastern states. Of the 10 most prevalent cities (140 cities were sampled), Muriaé is the first, and most of them have as main GDP (Gross Dosmetic Product) source industrial activity and other services (tertiary sector). The higher the municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M), the higher was the number of breast cancer cases (positive and significant correlation). Conclusion: Thus, breast cancer does not have a single preventive action, and preventive policies need to be imple-mented in order to be more effective in the most prevalent areas. ABSTRACT The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engineering research is becoming closer to the mass consumer. Leading global geneticists predict that in the coming years, a boom will occur in the genetic engineering market, comparable to the massive spread of personal computers in the 1980s. Thus genetically modified biomaterials with upgraded biological properties, expanding towards mass-scale industrial production, and the considerable consumption in regular universal activities. The techniques used to develop new materials and to modify the properties of existing materials, are subjected to different industries and fields of scientific researches. CRISPR is an authoritative research tool that facilitates scientists to deal with the expression of a gene. It has shown tremendous potential in genome research due to its ability to delete unwanted traits, and possibly even replace them with desirable traits. It is agile, worthwhile, and more authentic than any preceding gene-editing techniques. Genetically engineered biomaterials have been an enormous field of research over the last fifteen years and CRISPR has already initiated performing a significant aspect in boosting biomaterial research. ABSTRACT The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engineering research is becoming closer to the mass consumer. Leading global geneticists predict that in the coming years, a boom will occur in the genetic engineering market, comparable to the massive spread of personal computers in the 1980s. Thus genetically modified biomaterials with upgraded biological properties, expanding towards mass-scale industrial production, and the considerable consumption in regular universal activities. The techniques used to develop new materials and to modify the properties of existing materials, are subjected to different industries and fields of scientific researches. CRISPR is an authoritative research tool that facilitates scientists to deal with the expression of a gene. It has shown tremendous potential in genome research due to its ability to delete unwanted traits, and possibly even replace them with desirable traits. It is agile, worthwhile, and more authentic than any preceding gene-editing techniques. Genetically engineered biomaterials have been an enormous field of research over the last fifteen years and CRISPR has already initiated performing a significant aspect in boosting biomaterial research. ABSTRACT The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engineering research is becoming closer to the mass consumer. Leading global geneticists predict that in the coming years, a boom will occur in the genetic engineering market, comparable to the massive spread of personal computers in the 1980s. Thus genetically modified biomaterials with upgraded biological properties, expanding towards mass-scale industrial production, and the considerable consumption in regular universal activities. The techniques used to develop new materials and to modify the properties of existing materials, are subjected to different industries and fields of scientific researches. CRISPR is an authoritative research tool that facilitates scientists to deal with the expression of a gene. It has shown tremendous potential in genome research due to its ability to delete unwanted traits, and possibly even replace them with desirable traits. It is agile, worthwhile, and more authentic than any preceding gene-editing techniques. Genetically engineered biomaterials have been an enormous field of research over the last fifteen years and CRISPR has already initiated performing a significant aspect in boosting biomaterial research. ABSTRACT The involvement of genetic engineering techniques in the development of novel biomaterials has a huge impact on a vast range of applications. The capability of new genetically engineered material has achieved various innovative scopes in the biomedical industry. Such materials are usually designed via chemical and physical methods of genetic engineering. According to the genetic basis of sequence, molecular weight, folded structure, and stereochemistry, protein polymers thus suggest a generous view for the architecture of protein-based genetically engineered biomaterials. The scopes of developing genetically engineered biomaterials are leading to improve biological features of materials which can enhance the applicability and properties of materials. In the last five years, Genetic engi


The aim of the study is to describe factors influencing the feeling of safety which significantly influences also the subjective well-being and life satisfaction among Czech seniors. The sample consisted of seniors in the age 55 and above, the total number of respondents was 3,071. In the beginning of presented study two crucial questions were asked. Do the Czech seniors feel safe? What are they mostly afraid of? The reported feeling of safety was higher in seniors who perceived their health as good or very good, almost 90% of these seniors reported they felt safe. The survey results showed that the seniors' sense of safety was also influenced by the fact whether they lived with someone or alone where the living alone decreased the feeling of safety significantly. Hypothesis testing revealed that also gender affects the reasons why seniors do not feel safe, as well as household's members and by the place of residence. The survey results have brought an intriguing finding that more than one fourth of Czech seniors reported that one of the reasons why they feel insecure is their fear of migrants. A detailed analysis of the primary data set is focused on factors determining Czech seniors' feeling of safety and identification of possible specific features of the senior group with concerns about migrants.


The lifting scheme allows to construct biorthogonal wavelet filters with perfect reconstruction. The resulting filters are guaranteed to be biorthogonal, but associated wavelets do not always form a Riesz basis. While the lifting construction provides to control the number of vanishing moments of wavelets, the regularity and stability of bases are not guaranteed. This article attempts to describe a method to construct biorthogonal wavelets by the lifting scheme, and shows bottlenecks in this lifting-based construction. Applications to the field of signal processing are also discussed. 1. はじめに リフティング(lifting)[20, 21]とは完全再構成フィルタ(perfect reconstruction filter), あるいは双直交ウェーブレットとスケーリング関数を双直交性を保ったまま修正するこ とである.任意の双直交フィルタによる離散ウェーブレット変換はリフティングの繰り 返しにより実装することができるため,Mallat 変換 [16] の高速実装を与えることから JPEG2000の符号化方式に採用されている [1].このリフティング構成(lifting scheme)の 特徴は,フィルタやウェーブレットの設計において従来では不可欠なフーリエ変換を用い る必要がない点である.このため,第二世代ウェーブレット(例えば [6, 22])と呼ばれる 有界領域,不規則標本化領域,サーフェイス等の多様体など,フーリエ変換の定義が困難 な一般領域におけるのウェーブレットの構成と多重解像度解析の形成を可能とする [25]. しかしながら,リフティングの本質を理解するためにはフーリエ領域での考察が必要と ∗ Proceedings of the OKU & ISM 2014 Workshop on Wavelet Theory and its Applications to Engineering, Revised Nov. 9, 2014


The oxidation states of chromium in GSJ JSO‐2 (artificially contaminated soil) and three other geochemical reference materials (GSJ JSO‐1, JLS‐1 and JMS‐1) were observed using X‐ray near edge structure (XANES). For comparison, other artificially contaminated soil materials (mimic‐JSO‐2) were prepared by adding Cr(VI) into JSO‐1. Their oxidation states of chromium were determined using XANES. The chromium contents were 1118 μg g‐1 for JSO‐2, 1352 μg g‐1 for mimic‐JSO‐2 and 69‐113 μg g‐1 for the other reference materials. Most chromium was present as hexavalent in mimic‐JSO‐2. No hexavalent species were detected in other samples. These results for chromium oxidation state in JSO‐2 and mimic‐JSO‐2 obtained with XANES resembled those obtained from a chemical extraction method. The present JSO‐2 has no trace of Cr(VI), although Cr(VI) was added as a major species during preparation. On the other hand, the content of Cr(VI) obtained in mimic‐JSO‐2 agreed with the original Cr(VI) content. A time‐elapse study showed that Cr(VI) contents in mimic‐JSO‐2 decreased gradually to 70% of the original abundance during 240‐day preservation in dry conditions. Moreover, the abundance of Cr(VI) decreased markedly to 15% after 240 days in the wet mimic‐JSO‐2 containing 20% m/m of water. These experiments suggested that soil humidity enhanced the reduction of Cr(VI) and that Cr(VI) was reduced even in dry conditions. Consequently, it is reasonable to infer that Cr(VI) doped into JSO‐2 was completely reduced to Cr(III) during the preservation period of 5 years. The certification of the long‐term stability of the chemical form in reference materials will be much more important in future.


The stress and strain of the slipper of 35 MPa high pressure axial piston pump are analyzed by the finite element analysis method, and the following facts are revealed: in spite of the fact that the slipper can satisfy the use requirement in the aspect of stress, whereas, in the aspect of strain, the deformation of the bottom of the slipper increases with the pressure increase, and the deformation of the slipper has reached the order of magnitude of the oil film thickness under 35 MPa working pressure. Therefore, when the slipper pair of 35 MPa high pressure axial piston pump is designed and its oil film performances are studied, the influence of deformation of the slipper on the oil film structure must be considered comprehensively. The results of this study can provide some guides for developing 35 MPa high pressure axial piston pump.


The nonlinearity in the consumption does not maintain steady voltage or frequency; therefore, in this article, a circular limited cycle oscillator frequency locked loop with prefilter (CLO-FLL-WPF) based control for voltage source converter control is used to achieve voltage and frequency regulation in an islanded microgrid (MG). This control is implemented to compensate local load reactive power, harmonic currents, and load unbalance. Besides, the active power of local loads is shared among the multiple energy sources. The CLO-FLL-WPF control technique performance is validated experimentally and through simulations by comparing it with the existing control algorithm in a MG. This MG is a combination of the solar photovoltaic array, pico-hydro turbine-driven synchronous reluctance generator, permanent magnet brushless dc generator based wind energy conversion, and battery storage. In traditional battery control, a proportional-integral control approach is used, which can cause a stability problem. Thereby, in this article, the bidirectional dc–dc converter control method is used, which provides improved stability and makes the controller design straightforward. Test results validate the effectiveness of the control algorithm under different dynamic and steady-state conditions.


Gravitational instabilities in a magnetized Friedman–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe, in which the magnetic field was assumed to be too weak to destroy the isotropy of the model, are known and have been studied in the past. Accordingly, it became evident that the external magnetic field disfavors the perturbations' growth, suppressing the corresponding rate by an amount proportional to its strength. However, the spatial isotropy of the FRW universe is not compatible with the presence of large-scale magnetic fields. Therefore, in this paper we use the general-relativistic version of the (linearized) perturbed magnetohydrodynamic equations with and without resistivity, to discuss a generalized Jeans criterion and the potential formation of density condensations within a class of homogeneous and anisotropically expanding, self-gravitating, magnetized fluids in curved space–time. We find that, for a wide variety of anisotropic cosmological models, gravitomagnetic instabilities can lead to subhorizontal, magnetized condensations. In the nonresistive case, the power spectrum of the unstable cosmological perturbations suggests that most of the power is concentrated on large scales (small k), very close to the horizon. On the other hand, in a resistive medium, the critical wave-numbers so obtained, exhibit a delicate dependence on resistivity, resulting in the reduction of the corresponding Jeans lengths to smaller scales (well bellow the horizon) than the nonresistive ones, while increasing the range of cosmological models which admit such an instability.


Using a low-k porous organosilisesqueoxane film, ALCAP/sup TM/-S with k=2.1, dual hard mask (DHM) process is proposed for Cu dual damascene interconnect (DDI) formation. The porous organosilica film has very high etching rate relative to those of the hard mask (HM) and/or etch-stop materials. SiO/sub 2//SiC is one of the best combinations for the DHM, in which the lower hard mask of SiC remained after metal CMP and protects the porous film from the via-etching damage in misalignnent region between the via-hole and the buried Cu-line. Applying in-situ resist-ashing with N/sub 2//H/sub 2/ gas, 0.4 /spl mu/m-pitched dual damascene structure is successfully fabricated. Increment of the dielectric constant is suppressed within 5% (k=2.2) after the Cu-interconnect fabrication, confirming that the DHM low-damage process is applicable for the Cu DDI fabrication in ultra low-k, porous organosilica systems.


Despite the insurance contract is the typical standard form of contract,but it can greatly promote the efficiency of the business.But the contracting ability of the insured is not considered by the insurance law in our coutry,and there is not any terms about whether they should reading clauses.The author thought that insured as one party of insurance contract,should read clauses and it is their obligation,but the standard should be different between genera insured and professional insured.


Streets were once the foundation for urban life and provided intimacy for the community. The birth of the automobile and the age of motorization has drastically changed the outlook on urban development while it has also created public health problems. This topic involves everything from people's personal choices to city and federal government. In this paper, I will explore the history of motorization in New York City and critique it from an environmental and health perspective as well as provide answers to the problem of public health through design. I will look at present day projects that are incorporating smart growth design principles and land use strategies in New York City. I. The Pedestrianization of New York City In a time of over population and limited space, cities are facing new issues of space, land use distribution, and public health issues. From these issues arises the question of where humans fit in all of this? What should our function be in city living? What techniques should planners use to make city living efficient, economical and healthy? The birth of the automobile drastically changed the outlook of the design of cities while it also changed the lifestyle of Americans. Before the birth of the automobile there were still city streets. Streets that functioned for the sole purpose of human interaction and commerce. Streets were the foundation for urban life and provided intimacy for the traditional city. Since the birth of the automobile, streets function mainly to pave a way for cars to travel. This function does not only neglect pedestrians almost entirely, but it changes the entire rhythm of the urban landscape. The age of motorization sparked the modernist movement in city planning, leading to the size of cities increasing drastically in order to accommodate automobiles. New public health issues also started to arise when the automobile became a commodity. Car accidents, pollution, and other environment hazards were born into urban environments. Like many other American cities, New York transformed during the age of motorization. It's city-planning initiatives transformed from dealing with public health issues to tending to the automobile and new infrastructure, making the city essentially endless. But in recent years, New York City has realized that there are many negative affects that come with the modern city. With a hope to revive the city's economical and social needs, New York has been at the forefront of many sustainability initiatives. The city is taking large steps to integrate new strategies into city planning that promotes human scale development that promotes pedestrian use. Mayor Bloomberg's PlaNYC, the High Line, Citi Bike, and the rezoning of midtown are just to name a few. The era of the automobile is coming to an end and New York City is at the forefront of its death. Statement of Internship to Be Used as a Case Study: My internship at the Department of City Planning NYC has involved working on a Brownfield Opportunity Area project conducted by the Housing, Economic and Infrastructure Planning Division. The BOA projects are a part of the larger North Shore 2030: Improving and Reconnecting the North Shore's Unique and Historic Assets plan that was released by the Department of City Planning in 2011. This report reached out to residents, local and state agencies, and stakeholders and compiled a new vision for the North Shore. I am working on two of the smaller BOA sites within in the North Shore study, one in the neighborhood of Port Richmond and the other in West Brighton. The HEIP division is conducting research on these neighborhoods to produce an evaluation and proposal for each site's needs. They plan on applying for further funding to conduct more research on the area. Community outreach has been the foundation of the study and has allowed us to connect with the public and gather their feedback on what the neighborhoods want and need.


BACKGROUND
Fragile X syndrome is gonosomal recessive mental retardation with the frequency 1:1000 in male population. Fragile X syndrome is caused by amplification of CGG repeat in 1. exon of FMT-1 gene. The aim of this study was to set up and validate a rapid and efficient PCR diagnosis to select FRAXA negative patients in population of mental retarded patients.

METHODS AND RESULTS
In the set up phase of the method, 196 patients were diagnosed. We were using modified radioactive PCR of CGG. Obtained PCR fragments were separated on 6% denaturing PAGE. Results were correlated with Southern blot analysis using pE5.1 probe. STR-PCR was verified on a large set of patients and shows validity and efficiency of results in the case of pre- and full mutations in male hemizygous patients too. For estimation of carriers with pre- and full mutation by females modified diagnostic approach was developed. There was no difference found between results from PCR and Southern blot analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
The PCR method is convenient not only for selection of FRAXA negative patients, but for diagnosis of full mutation and premutation of affected probands.


We introduce our survey of galaxy groups at 0.85 15 members. The dynamical mass estimates are in good agreement with the masses estimated from the X-ray luminosity, with most of the groups having 13 1010.1 M⊙. A few group galaxies inhabit the 'blue cloud' that dominates the surrounding field; instead, we find a large and possibly distinct population of galaxies with intermediate colours. The 'green valley' that exists at low redshift is instead well populated in these groups, containing ∼30 per cent of the galaxies. These do not appear to be exceptionally dusty galaxies, and about half show prominent Balmer absorption lines. Furthermore, their Hubble Space Telescope morphologies appear to be intermediate between those of red-sequence and blue-cloud galaxies of the same stellar mass. Unlike red-sequence galaxies, most of the green galaxies have a disc component, but one that is smaller and less structured than discs found in the blue cloud. We postulate that these are a transient population, migrating from the blue cloud to the red sequence, with a star formation rate that declines with an exponential time-scale 0.6 < τ < 2 Gyr. Such galaxies may not be exclusive to the group environment, as we find examples also amongst the non-members. However, their prominence among the group galaxy population, and the marked lack of blue, star-forming galaxies, provides evidence that the group environment either directly reduces star formation in member galaxies or at least prevents its rejuvenation during the normal cycle of galaxy evolution.


After his studies with Messiaen recompensed with a first prize in Harmony, the young Pierre Boulez joined Simone Ple-Caussade's conservative fugue class and produced an exercise in the style of the Music for strings, percussion and celesta. At that time, he received as comments a brief warning: "Yes, Bartok is a nice boy, but the light comes from the ancient masters". Boulez kept only few memories from this course but never stopped to defend Bartok's scores, including them in the program of Domaine musical before recording them with the BBC, New York and Chicago orchestras. More than just an admiration, his music demonstrates more or less influences from the Sonata for two pianos and percussion, of which he finally did appreciated its exceptional rhythmic freedom (1948). A rhythmic originality analyzed by Karlheinz Stockhausen some years later (1951). About Le Marteau sans maitre, he has not hidden to be indebted to some resonant arrangements from Music for strings, percussion and celesta. An admiration s...


The P–T evolution of a mafic eclogite sample from the Haut-Allier was studied in order to constrain the dynamic of the Variscan subduction in the eastern French Massif Central. Three successive metamorphic stages M1, M2 and M3, are characterized by assemblages comprising garnet1-omphacite-kyanite, garnet2-plagioclase, and amphibole-plagioclase, respectively, and define a clockwise P–T path. These events occurred at the conditions of eclogite (M1; ∼ 20 kbar, 650 °C to ∼ 22.5 kbar, 850 °C), high-pressure granulite (M2; 19.5 kbar and 875 °C) and high-temperature amphibolite facies (M3; < 9 kbar, 750–850 °C), respectively. Pseudosection modelling of garnet growth zoning and mineralogy of the inclusions reveal a prograde M1 stage, first dominated by burial and then by near isobaric heating. Subsequent garnet1 resorption, prior to a renewed growth of garnet2 is interpreted in terms of a decompression during M2. High-pressure partial melting is predicted for both the M1 temperature peak and M2. M3 testifies to further strong decompression associated with limited cooling. The preservation of garnet growth zoning indicates the short-lived character of the temperature increase, decompression and cooling cycle. We argue that such P–T evolution is compatible with the juxtaposition of the asthenosphere against the subducted crust prior to exhumation driven by slab rollback.


Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of bronchoscopy (FOB) with BAL under the aid of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with high-risk hypoxemia.Methods 19 patients with severe hypoxemia underwent bronchoscopy.Inclusioncriteria included PaO 2 fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO 2) of 100 or less; pH of 7.35 or more;and transcutaneous oxygen saturation(SpO 2) raised to ≥90% during NPPV before initiating FOB.NPPV was applied by BiPAP (repironics) or Servo 900C( Solna, Sweden).SpO 2,heart rate and respiratory rate were monitored during the performance.Results SpO 2 was maintained 90% or more and FOB was finished through one procedure in 14 patients;FOB was stopped in 3 patients with COPD when SpO 2was dropped below 85%,SpO 2was significantly improved when NPPV plus jet ventilation were applied during the next procedure.Conclusions NPPV could improve the safety during bronchoscopy with BAL in patients with severe hypoxemia.=


ABSTRACT The spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g-factors g//, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A//, A⊥) of the square-planar CuS6 −4 clusters in Cu(II)–bis [4-ethoxphenyl-O-alkyl]-dithiophosphonate complexes are computed with the high-order perturbation formulas based on the two-mechanism model. The model includes the contributions to spin-Hamiltonian parameters from the vastly-utilised crystal-field (CF) mechanism concerning the CF excited states and the generally-omitted charge-transfer (CT) mechanism due to CT excited states. The energy levels of CF and CT excited states needed in the calculation are obtained from the observed optical spectra. The calculated results are in rational accordance with the experimental values. The signs of constants A// and A⊥ are suggested and the reasons of the very small g-shifts |∆gi| (= | gi − ge |, where ge ≈ 2.0023 and i = // or ⊥) are discussed.


THE repair of Stonehenge by the Office of Works has given occasion for the renewal of the excavations which were begun some twenty years ago by the Society of Antiquaries. The event is of good omen, not only because of the co-operation of a learned society with a Government Department, but also because the new evidence obtained by a season's work will emphasise the necessity of field-work in archaeology. Much has been written about Stonehenge and our prehistoric monuments generally, but the past year has contributed more to our actual knowledge than all the theorists. The examination of the so-called Aubrey holes has demonstrated the former existence of a megafithic monument older than the Stonehenge of to-day. It consisted of a circle of standing stones, enclosed by a bank and a ditch, and seems to have been robbed of its stones, presumably for use in the present Stonehenge, during the period of the Bronze age in this country. Not long after the removal of the stones cremated human remains were placed in nearly all the holes in the chalk where the stones had stood. Similar deposits have been found in the ditch and elsewhere, and it will be well to suspend judgment on their meaning until the whole area has been thoroughly explored.


The main purpose of this project has been to examine the accessibility of refereed conference articles and the OA-and publishing policies of conferences in order to in this way elucidate different ...


The toughening of epoxy resin was made by means of simultaneous curing of bisphenol-F-epoxy resin (EP) with bisphenol-A-vinyl ester resin (VER). The curing behavior of the blend systems was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning elecron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the mechanical properties and heat resistance to characterize the microstructures of the samples. The results showed that when m(VER)∶m(EP)=90∶10, the glass transition temperature came up to 207.3 ℃, 25℃ and 75℃ higher than those of EP and VER respectively. When m(VER)∶m(EP)=50∶50, the impact strength of the blend system came up to 8.08 kJ/m 2, the blend system had the best overall mechanical properties and better heat resistance.


In the present day knowledge based society, Science transforms the Culture. This can be witnessed through the contemporary rationalized society that aroused with the advancement of science. Such revolutionised change leading to very fast modern-day walks of life can essentially be credited to the progression in light based technologies. However, in order to meet the continuously mounting
demand for energy in this developed world, one has to look for the renewable energy resources and among all such resources most abundant one is the sunlight. In this context, an attempt has been made here to report a brief review on the development of solar cell, the simplest device that converts sunlight to electricity. Further, this article also presents the contributions of CSIR-CGCRI
in this field.


Soil nematode densities and family-level faunal compositions were investigated for five months after chloropicrin fumigation in soybean fields in Japan. Our objective was to examine whether diversity measurements and ecological indices can describe appropriately structural changes in nematode communities after chemical disturbance. The total nematode density in the fumigated plots drastically decreased just after chloropicrin treatment, but gradually recovered. After the chemical treatment, the dominant nematode taxon changed from Rhabditidae to Cephalobidae; the fungivorous nematode guild and guilds with cp value 3-5 (CP35, K-strategists) were hardly detected. In the non-fumigated control plots Rhabditidae still predominated, and the fungivorous guild and CP35 guilds increased. Among the diversity indices and the ecological indices examined, ShannonWiener's H', Maturity Index (MI), Maturity Index without opportunistic bacterivorous guilds (MI(2-5)), Enrichment Index (EI) and Structure Index (SI) described these structural changes in the nematode communities. The Channel Index failed to detect significant effect of fumigation on decomposition pathways because both the fungivorous nematode guild and Rhabditidae were reduced in the fumigated plots. Replacement of Rhabditidae with Cephalobidae in the plots required careful interpretation of MI and EI behaviors. Even under such a replacement, MI(2-5) and SI were still useful in evaluating appropriately the ecological status of nematode communities after chemical disturbances. Jpn. J. Nematol. 34(2), 89-98 (2004).


Objective
To investigate the application of MRI targeting contrast agent (P-Gd-Probe) for P selectin in evaluating the severity grades of acute pancreatitis(AP).

Methods
L-arginine solution (100mg/100kg) were intraperitoneally injected for 3 times once an hour to establish AP model in SD rats. Control group was injected with normal saline in a equal volume. All rats were divided into acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) group (6 h and 12 h after model establishment)and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group (24 h and 48 h after model establishment) based on the pathology. The rats were examined by T1WI plain and enhanced scanning at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after injection, and P-Gd-probe was as the enhanced contrast agent. The signal noise ratio (SNR) of the pancreas were measured before and after enhancement. Then the pancreas tissues were harvested for pathological examination and P selectin expression in pancreatic tissue was detected using immunohistochemical analysis.

Results
Inflammation was observed in pancreatic tissue at 6h after establishment, and became more serious as the modeling time extended. P selectin expression was increased as pancreatitis inflammation became more serious. The SNR of control group was stable before and after enhancement. The SNR before and after enhancement was 17.22±1.35 and 37.38±1.66 in AEP group, and 16.29±1.39 and 58.18±1.03 in ANP group. The SNR after enhancement was higher than that before enhancement, and the differences were significantly different (t=-49.59 and -86.09, P<0.001).

Conclusions
Monoclonal antibody MRI contrast agent targeting P selectin is helpful in evaluating the severity of AP.

Key words:
Pancreatitis, acute necrotizing; P-selection; Targeted contrast agent; Magnetic resonance imaging


GIS data plays a vital role in the major teaching and research. Considering the problem of GIS spatial data's lack in the relevant experiments during current teaching and research of GIS major,this paper constructs an oriented GIS professional data sharing platform system which provides the substantial data for GIS undergraduate teaching and professional studying on relevant courses. What's more,the system can provide the data support in the opened experiment system and STITP innovation project for the freshmen or sophomores,and provide more choices in the setting of projects for the senior undergraduate students and graduate students,which greatly promote the implementation of the opened experiment,STITP innovation project,teaching experiment and scientific research project.


ABSTRACT This article addresses the political nature of history and the historical aspects of politics in the work of the German conservative theorist Hans Freyer. Freyer's view of history is inseparable from his political theory because both were metaphorically conditioned. Suggesting the relevance of political metaphors as argumentation rather than mere rhetoric or cognitive basis, this article engages critically with Freyer's metaphors of history as flow upon and within political grounds, occasionally altered by volcanic revolutionary outbursts that redirected, accelerated, or restrained the flow. By this metaphorical structure, Freyer was able to merge both conservative and radical elements in his political and historical theory, to retain the political nature of history without assuming supra-historical goals, and, finally, to readjust, rather than discard, the geological and aquatic metaphors in his eventual transition from radical to moderate conservatism. With the case of Freyer, the article exemplifies how the functional analysis of political metaphors discloses otherwise inaccessible information regarding the aims, argumentative structures, and strong or weak points in the work of individual political theorists or groups and thus serves exegetical ends in political theory and intellectual history.


Sorption studies were conducted at several different temperatures for a group of compounds having or behaving as weak organic acids using nylon 610 as the substrate. Six compounds were included in the investigation—benzoic acid, o -hydroxybenzoic acid, m -hydroxybenzoic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl p -hydroxybenzoate, and propyl p -hydroxybenzoate. The collected data permitted the evaluation for each compound of ( a ) the saturation value of solute in the nylon, ( b ) the affinity of the solute toward the plastic, ( c ) the standard heat of sorption, ( d ) the apparent diffusion coefficient and ( e ) the activation energy of diffusion. With the Rotinyan and Drozdov equation, it was possible to confirm that the diffusion of the solute in the plastic was the rate-determining step in the sorption process.