In recent decades, beam welding processes have been set up as a key technology for joining applications in automotive engineering and particularly in gearbox manufacturing. Due to their high beam quality, energy efficiency, reliability as well as flexible beam guidance, modern solid-state lasers offer numerous advantages, but also pose increased requirements on the production and positional accuracy of the components for the joining process. In particular, small-focus diameters present a challenge for components with process-induced tolerances, i.e., disc carriers in automatic transitions. Furthermore, welding processes utilizing solid-state lasers show an increased spatter formation during welding at high welding speeds. Accordingly, the primary objective of the presented work consists in extending the current areas of application for solid-state laser beam welding in gearbox manufacturing through an improved process reliability regarding tolerance compensation and spatter formation. Therefore, this experimental study aimed to describe the effects of a dynamic beam oscillation in combination with a reduced ambient pressure in the process environment on both gap bridging ability and spatter formation during the laser beam welding of case hardening steel. For basic process evaluations, laser beam welding at reduced ambient pressure and laser beam welding with dynamic beam oscillation were initially studied separately. Following a basic process evaluation, samples for 2 mm full-penetration-welds with varying gap sizes were analyzed in terms of weld seam geometry and weld spatter formation.


ABSTRACT The latex of four plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae viz. Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbia royleana, Euphorbia antisyphlitica and Euphorbia lactea cristata caused significant reductions in the acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in nervous tissue of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. The reduction in the activity of both the phosphatases was time and dose dependent; the order of effectiveness was as follows: Euphorbia lactea cristata > Euphorbia antisyphlitica > Euphorbia royleana > Jatropha gossypifolia. It has been suggested that the inhibition of these enzymes might be through activation of Protein Kinase C.


Yoko Ono's relationship and partnership with John Lennon have given her access and opportunities she might never have achieved on her own, but her status as pop icon has largely obscured her own achievements as an artist. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the area of film-making. Between 1966 and 1971, Ono made substantial contributions to avant-garde cinema, most of which are now a vague memory, even for those generally cognizant of developments in this field. With a few exceptions, her films have been out of circulation for years, but fortunately this situation seems to be changing: in the spring of 1989 the Whitney Museum of American Arts presented a film retrospective (curated by John G. Hanhardt, assisted by Lucinda Furlong and Matthew Yokobosky) along with a small show of objects-1980s versions of conceptual objects Ono had exhibited in 1966 and 1967-and the American Federation of Arts plans to re-release Ono's films in the spring of 1990.1 Except as a film-goer, Ono was not involved with film until the 1960s, though by the time she began to make her own films, she was an established artist. At the end of the 1950s, after studying poetry and music at Sarah Lawrence College, she became part of a circle of avant-garde musicians (including John Cage and Merce Cunningham): in fact the "Chambers Street Series," a seminal concert series organized by LaMonte Young, was held at Ono's loft at 112 Chambers.2 Ono's activities in music led to her first public concert, A Grapefruit in the World of Park (at the Vil-


'Wake-up call' was developed as a training DVD for staff that work with people with disabilities (known as 'consumers') and addresses the way that consumers want staff to speak, work, relate, and interact with them. It's all about attitude and respect. It is the result of a year-long project that began when Consumer Self-Advocacy groups at four UCP/NYC Day Habilitation programs around the city met in November 2006 to discuss the expectations of people with disabilities. The resulting 12-minute edited film will be used for training new UCP/NYC staff and will be available for distribution around the country and Canada. 'Wake-up call' features Geri Jewell (HBO's Deadwood), who narrates and performs, and Commissioner Matthew Sapolin of the Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities in New York City. Sapolin, who is blind, contributed his own thoughts, including his reluctance to be considered an 'inspiration' or 'hero'. As Jewell comments on screen, 'everyone in this video has one thing in common – they are people like me and you'. Wake-up call also features the song 'I Need To Wake UP' by award-winning singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge. The film was co-produced by UCP/NYC staff Scott Feldman, Director of Waterside residences, and Lois Silver Fiala, Media Manager. Silver Fiala, who has won several awards for previous films, found the non-scripted format to be extremely enlightening. 'After working with consumers for over 20 years, it was fascinating for me to gain even further insight into what they have to say'.


Innovative fieldwork research in cultural tourism is presented which is based around a detective novel set in a seaside town in France. The participants completed autoethnographic writing to provide insight into the active processes of value creation, experience creation, place-making and identity formation. The original research proposes a theory for the way that the literary language in the cultural artefact, in this case the realist novel, activates the tourist's cultural capital and thus affects behaviours. A new theoretical term is proposed, the toureme. The theory has applicability the other towns where novels are set and hence is useful for place-making. Further, the research aims to provide re-usable tools for cultural development particularly in the emerging field of archaeological topophonics currently being piloted by the author.


The partial efficacy of BCG vaccine has led to a search for more effective vaccines. The immuno-dominant antigen-85B (Ag85B) from BCG vaccine is processed in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) dependent upon the phagosomal pH and lysosomal delivery. However, BCG avoids lysosomal localization and its phagosomes are near neutral. We found that induction of autophagy enhanced the lysosomal delivery of BCG vaccine in DCs. This in turn increased the MHC-II dependent presentation of Ag85B which was detected using an Ag85B-specific T cell hybridoma. DCs also showed an enhanced presentation of Ag85B when infected with BCG that was engineered to over-express Ag85B. We found that over expressed (OE)-Ag85B triggered autophagy. Furthermore, Ag85B is secreted from BCG vaccine into the cytosol of DCs although BCG is inefficient in inducing CD8 T cells against Ag85B in mice. Since OE-Ag85B enhanced the MHC-II dependent presentation, we examined whether OE-Ag85B could also be routed through the proteasomal pathway. DCs were infected with BCG-OEAg85B and Ag85B presentation monitored with or without the blockade of proteasomes through lactacystin. Lactacystin enhanced the MHC-II dependent presentation of Ag85B suggesting that OE-Ag85B goes through the proteasome as well as lysosome during autophagy. Mice were then immunized with BCG-OEAg85B and the spleens were found to contain an increased number of CD8 T cells specific for an epitope of Ag85B detected using a pentamer-conjugate. We propose therefore that genetic manipulation of BCG may be used to alter the levels of CD4 and CD8 epitope presentation by DCs and alter vaccine efficacy.


ABSTRACT We establish a class of nonparametric Shewhart-type control charts based on a reference sample drawn from the process. The proposed nonparametric control chart takes advantage of the location of two different order statistics of the reference and test sample respectively. The decision rule of the new monitoring scheme is filled out by the number of test observations that are located between the control limits. The general setup of the new class of control charts is presented in detail, while the operating characteristic function is studied for both in- and out-of-control processes. Closed formulae for the evaluation of the alarm rate and the average run length are concluded for plausible shift in the underlying distribution to Lehmann alternatives. Several numerical results, displayed for the new family of nonparametric control charts, depict that the proposed control scheme attains competitive performance.


From morphological and biological aspects, the strain, -used in this experiments, belongss to Penicillium purpurogenum. This strain grew well in the glucose-CZAPEK's medium in surface and submerged cultures, and produced white crystals accompanied with red pigments. This white crystals were precipitated from culture filtrate by acidifying with mineral acid. The crude precipitate was extracted with acetone and from this solution white crystals of needle-like prism were obtained. The melting point of the crystal recrystallized from chloroform and aqueous acetic acid was 200.5_??_201.5° (obsd.). From the data of elementary analysis and molecular weight measurement the molecular formula must be C18H20O7. The physical and chemical characters of the white crystal and the melting point of its acetylated compound showed the same experimental results as those characters of glauconic acid. When this white crystal was mixed with glauconic acid there was no change in melting point, and the infra-red absorption spectrums showed complete identity. From these experimental results we concluded that this white crystal is identical with glauconic acid of WIJKMANN et al., originally found in cultures of a Penicillium glaucum. The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Dr. K. SAKAGUCHI for his guidance and Dr. Herrman SUTTER for his kind offer of the sample of glauconic acid for identification.


By a decision made on 18 June 2013 the Italian Competition Authority (ICA) has opened a monitoring proceedings under Article 19 of the Competition Act n. 287/1990 against CIN and Moby to verify…


Although preterm delivery and low birth weight (LBW) have been Background: studied in India, findings may not be generalisable to rural areas such as the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. There is limited information available on maternal and child health indicators from this region. We aimed to present some local estimates of preterm delivery and LBW in the Osmanabad district of Marathwada and assess available maternal risk factors. : The study used routinely collected data on all in-hospital births in the Methods maternity department of Halo Medical Foundation's hospital from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014. Multivariable logistic regression analysis provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for preterm delivery and LBW according to each maternal risk factor. : We analysed 655 live births, of which 6.1% were preterm deliveries. Results Of the full term births (N=615), 13.8% were LBW (<2.5 kilograms at birth). The odds of preterm delivery were three times higher (OR=3.23, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.65) and the odds of LBW were double (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.60) among women <22 years of age compared with older women. The odds of both preterm delivery and LBW were reduced in multigravida compared with primigravida women regardless of age. Anaemia (Hb<11g/dl), which was prevalent in 91% of women tested, was not significantly related to these birth outcomes. : The odds of preterm delivery and LBW were much higher in Conclusions mothers under 22 years of age in this rural Indian population. Future studies should explore other related risk factors and the reasons for poor birth outcomes in younger mothers in The term 'Low risk pregnancies' is to be used carefully as it is not clear from the study that the information about absence of systemic disease is based on interpretation of tests conducted during study or history of absence of disease. If based on history then quality of data collected will be poor. Sahlis method for hemoglobin estimation is a less reliable method for assessment of anemia. To classify the birth as preterm, how were challenges to assess LMP addressed? explanation regarding 'Low Risk Pregnancies', Data in our study: Systematic diseases includes hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) were evaluated using investigations in the hospital by a gynaecologist. Serum glucose level was assessed during routine antenatal care, and blood pressure was measured at the same time. The absence of systematic disease was confirmed prior to the delivery at the hospital. Data from Mumbare et al paper (ref 6): As explained in our paper, the research findings of Mumbare et al (6) used data from a district hospital (tertiary/advance healthcare facility), where high risk pregnancies were predominantly referred. However our data comes from a rural hospital where advance health services were not available thus only low risk pregnancies (with no systematic complications) were conducted at HMF's hospital. I hope that readers will find this additional explanation useful. Thank


ABSTRACT Moaciria chondropythonis sp. n., from cysts in the wall of the oesophageal/stomach junction of Chondropython viridis originally from New Guinea but kept in captivity at the Zoological Society of London for three months is described and figured. It is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae and by its larger size.


Delafloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic available in intravenous and oral formulations for the treatment of serious skin and skin structure infections in patients requiring initial intravenous therapy. It is effective for infections caused by MRSA or P. aeruginosa, in addition to other common causative pathogens, but has not been shown to be more effective than existing antibiotic regimens.


The present invention is generally a method for preparing extruded foam products and, more particularly, to a method of preparing such a product on a blowing agent comprising 134a and alcohol.


: The personnel criticality dosimeter in use at the Rocky Flats Plant is an integral part of the film badge and the thermal luminescent dosimetry (TLD) badge. The sy~tem consists of a copper foil, cadmium. shielded indium foil, unshielded indium foil, and a sulfur tablet. The ·nuclear reactions in use are: llSmindium, 63 C opper (n' y) 64 C opper and 32 Sulfur (n, p) 32 Phosphorus These reactions cover the energy ranges: 0 to 1.4 electron volts; 2 electron volts to l million electron volts; l million electron volts. to.2.9; and above 2.9 million electron volts. Fluence and dose calculations and.the counting equipment are described. Complementary ·information regarding and blood sodium


Electron-spin magnetic moments, in the form of g-shifts, have been computed at the ROHF level for the X 2 Z + states of LiH +, Bell 2+, L iH, Bell and BH +. A perturbative approach, complete to second-order in appropriate Breit-Pauli operators, has been used. Retention of two-centre integrals has proven vital. First-order terms are important, especially in describing the negative gII shifts observed experimentally in 2S+ molecules. The relativistic mass correction dominates in first-order, except for L iHwhere the two-electron spin-Zeeman gauge correction supersedes. Second-order terms contribute negatively, and only to the A g i component. Along the isoelectronic series L iH~ Bell --* BH +, the magnitude of Agz increases due to the dependence of spin-orbit coupling on nuclear charge. The relation of g-shifts to electronic structure and bonding is explored. PACS: 33.45.B; 31.10; 31.20.E


Due to the decrease of oil reserve it has been searched a new category of energy, obtained from renewable sources. Biodiesel is an attractive replacement for depleting energy sources since it is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats, it is non-toxic and is a renewable resource. To obtain biodiesel is necessary to heat a triglyceride with an alcohol (usually methanol or ethanol). For heating the mixture it is used electricity obtained from fossil resources. In this study is proposed to use the solar energy for heating the mixture using a parabolic reflector. By this method, the emission of carbon dioxide during the biodiesel fabrication process is reduced.


This computer program is designed to accept field data from a Schlumberger resistivity array and invert it in terms of a one-dimensional layered geoelectrical model. Because the inverse problem is non-linear, an initial guess model is required. This input model can be obtained by traditional curve matching, or by repeated use of a forward algorithm. This program was written in FORTRAN V and developed on a UNIVAC 1108 computer.


portant difference reflects basic assumptions about what students are like and what they need from their teachers. Students are seen as generally willing and potentially cooperative rather than alienated or predisposed to misbehavior. Thus, classroom management is seen as primarily a matter of telling and showing willing but ignorant students what to do, rather than enforcing compliance from students who know what to do but tend not to do it on their


Abstract Containerized seedlings of Helleborus foetidus L. (stinking hellebore), H. niger L. (Christmas rose), and H. ×hybridus L. (Lenten rose) were grown under long-day conditions in controlled-environment chambers for 95 days with 9-hr days of 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30C (57, 64, 72, 79, or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights of 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26C (50, 57, 64, 72, or 79F). Long-day conditions were provided by a 3-hr night interruption. Growth of each species responded differently to day and night temperatures. Calculated maximum root, top, and total dry weight, and leaf area of H. foetidus occurred with days/nights of 20/15, 18/13, 19/14, and 18/15C (68/59, 65/55, 66/57, and 65/59F), respectively. While night temperature (NT) had no effect on root:top ratio [RTR (root dry weight ÷ top dry weight)], RTR was greatest (0.65) with days of 22C (72F). Helleborus niger had calculated maximum root dry weight and total dry weight with days of 14C (57F) and nights of 16 and 13C (60 and 55F), respectiv...


Abstract This contribution refers essentially to some trends in the design and development of hybrid organic/inorganic solid materials based principally on results from our laboratory. Two kinds of these systems are here considered; i) grafting materials, where the organic groups are covalently bonded to the inorganic substrate modifying its external surface (interface composites), and ii) intercalation compounds, where organic guest species (ions of molecules) are reversibily and topotactically inserted into the interlayer space of certain layered solids (host). Layered hybrid materials with covalent bonds between the organic guest and the inorganic host are also considered. The understanding of the basic principles controlling the interaction mechanism open way to design hybrid solids with desirable properties.


The idea of applying isoperimetric functions to group theory is due to M. Gromov [8]. We introduce the concept of a "bicombing of narrow shape" which generalizes the usual notion of bicombing as defined for example in [5], [2], and [10]. Our bicombing is related to but different from the combings defined by M. Bridson [4]. If they Cayley graph of a group with respect to a given set of generators admits a bicombing of narrow shape then the group is finitely presented and satisfies a sub-exponential isoperimetric inequality, as well as a polynomial isodiametric inequality. We give an infinite class of examples which are not bicombable in the usual sense but admit bicombings of narrow shape.


Industrial development strategy and space layout are very important to the healthy development of industrialization and urbanization, and also bring striking impact on the county-level cities of fast-urbanization regions. So, how to optimize industrial space layout has become an important problem which is urgent to be solved. This paper first judges the industrial development stages of the fast-urbanization regions,and analyzes the problems in urban planning and construction. Next, it puts forward some industrial development strategies and principles of space layout.


Abstract This report is based on work with three primary school headteachers on task appraisal. The process is described and the issues for task appraisal for headteachers are discussed.


Teacher development program (TDP) will only be effective when it answers the teacher's need. This study aims to find out how important the training content that has been delivered in the TDP. The training contents listed in this study drawn from the Teacher Working Group, the School of Master Teacher program organized by Sekolah Guru Indonesia Dompet Dhuafa and teacher development at Sukma Bangsa School. A total of 327 primary school teachers have participated in the study which was designed based on survey model. The study was limited to primary school teachers due to different teacher needs of other school levels may be occurred. The data of this study were obtained by using a questionnaire comprised of 13 close-ended items in the form of the rating scale. Descriptive statistics include the percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation for data analysis. According to the study results, 84,1% of respondents chosen classroom management as the most important training content to learn. Another indication of the result is that the teachers also need to learn teaching and learning models, developmental psychology, teaching motivation, teaching and learning evaluation, teaching and learning media, technology-based learning, lesson plan, 2013 curriculum, classroom display, public speaking and literacy-based learning that more than 50% teachers defined them as very important to learn. However, only 47% of respondents mentioned Classroom Action Research is very important to learn. Based on the results of this study, the designer of TDP suggested considering classroom management as the first priority to deliver in the TDP followed by teaching and learning models, developmental psychology, teaching motivation, teaching and learning evaluation, teaching and learning media, technology-based learning, lesson plan, 2013 curriculum, classroom display, public speaking and literacy-based learning. In addition, it has to pay more attention to the teacher's need level of Classroom Action Research that is still very low due to improving their motivation to do research.


PURPOSE:To improve steering stability and durability in high-speed traveling, so as to maintain riding comfortableness by forming a bead apex by a soft apex which is a rubber composition of specific hardness and having the specific height, and a hard apex extended thereto, and having the specific hardness. CONSTITUTION:A bead apex 9 of a tire 1, wherein the tread width Tw is the tire maximum width and the tread surface in tire meridian section is formed into an approximately circular arc shape is composed of a soft apex SA and a hard apex HA. This soft apex SA is a rubber composition wherein the upper surface of a bead core 5 is taken as the bottom surface, and the height h1 on the outer edge P1 is 0.20 to 0.40 times of the height h0 on the tread edge, and the JISA hardness is set to 50 deg. to 60 deg.. Moreover, the hard apex HA is extended in the radial direction outward from the soft apex SA, and wherein the height h2 on the outer end P2 is 0.5 to 1.25 times of the height h0, and the JISA hardness is set to 70 deg. to 95 deg.. Accordingly, steering stability can be improved without deteriorating riding comfort, moreover durability can be maintained.


A dimming device by liquid crystal elements which does not require a polarizer and an alignment film, is compact and high in contrast ratio, can be driven at a low application voltage, and can deliver a stable performance despite a change in environmental temperature, and a driving method therefore, and an imaging device using the dimming device. A mixture of a liquid crystal, a polymer precursor, and a polymerization initiator is poured into an empty cell formed by pasting together, with a space of 4-11 mum therebetween, two transparent substrates (8) having transparent electrodes (9) at the opposing surfaces thereof, and then the polymer precursor is polymerized to form a random 3-D network-shaped polymer (3) in the continuous layers of the liquid crystal (2), thereby producing a liquid crystal cell (1). The liquid crystal cell (1) is driven by applying a voltage to it according to an environmental temperature. With a drive voltage off, liquid crystal molecules (2) are arranged against the wall of the polymer (3) to allow the polymer (3) to form a light scattering interface surface, and, with a drive voltage on, liquid molecules are oriented in a constant direction with respect to an electric field, whereby a refractive index in a light advancing direction is kept constant to allow an incident light (5) to transmit without being scattered.


The fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) provides advanced features which were not witnessed ever before. Its data rates, end to end latency, and several other performance parameters are absolutely exemplary. Extremely high data rates and low latency are very much suitable for applications related to multimedia communication. In fact, multimedia streaming is a priority area for 5G. The main requirements of multimedia streaming are fulfilled by 5G technologies. In this article, we analyze 5G features for high-speed streaming. Real-time streaming was not a popular application over mobile platforms in the previous mobile generations. However, these streaming related issues will be resolved in 5G. We go through the modern day streaming requirements and their infrastructure. The high bandwidths required in the core network of the 5G will be provided by the fast networking facilities of optical networks. In the access part MIMO and large constellation for modulation will serve the high speed streaming requirements. In this article, we logically correlate the advanced 5G features with high-speed streaming requirements.


This paper discusses the cultural practices of prostitution as an occupation among the Bedia community. They involved in institutional prostitution from long ago. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to examine the source of authority and power to continue such deviant practices as an occupation. We also enlighten some factors behind the women's support to the system or justification of their natives to prostitution as a usual occupation. The analysis of data reveals that respondents consider their long history and experiences of prostitution as an ordinary occupation. They were forced to live like a nomadic group due to the relegation of the king from the kingdom. In colonial duration, British Government formatted law against them, and after the independent government still did not do something for them. Their traditional occupation has played a primary role in their survival, so Bedia managed a system to continue the tradition.


Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of nozzle momentum flux distribution on the flow field characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The nozzle configuration consists of a central nozzle surrounded by four nozzles. All nozzles have the same diameter and constant separation between nozzles. OpenFOAM® is used for simulating the jet flow. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved iteratively with a first-order closure for turbulence. Pitot-static tube with differential pressure transducer is used for mean velocity measurements. The comparison of computed results with experimental data shows similar trend and acceptable validation.

Findings

According to the results, the momentum flux distribution significantly alters the near field of multiple turbulent round jets. Highly non-linear decay region in the near field is found for the cases having higher momentum in the outer jets. As a result of merging, increased positive pressure is found in the mixing region. Higher secondary flows and wider mixing region are reported as a result of momentum transfer from axial to lateral directions by Reynolds stresses.

Research limitations/implications

The present study is limited to isothermal flow of air jet in air medium.

Social implications

Optimum momentum flux distribution in multijet injector of a combustor can reap better mixing leading to better efficiency and lesser environmental pollution.

Originality/value

As summary, the contributions of this paper in the field of turbulent jets are following: simulations for various momentum distribution cases have been performed. In all the cases, the flow at the nozzle exit is subsonic along with constant velocity profile. To simulate proper flow field, a large cylinder-type domain with structured grid is used with refinements toward the nozzle exit and jet axis. The results show that the non-linearity increases with increase in momentum of outer jets. Longer merging zones are reported for cases with higher momentum in outer nozzles using area-averaged turbulent kinetic energy. Similarly, wider mixing regions are reported using secondary flow parameter and visualizations.


Objective To optimize theβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD) complex preparation technology of icriin by ortthogonal design.Methods The icariin was extracted by the ethanol reflux,the quantity and concentration of ethanol extracting preparation technology of β-CD were investigated with the content of the icariin as an indicator.Results The optimum conditions of β-CD complex preparation were as follows: taking 40 g of the extraction,which was 30 g of β-CD,distilled water 400 ml,inclusion temperature 35℃,mixing time 1 h,drying temperature of the β-CD complex 60-80℃.Conclusion Given the above conditions is the best preparation techniques.


Signals of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are delayed when propagating through the Earth's electrically neutral atmosphere. The neutrospheric delay (approx. 2.4 m in zenithal direction) can be subdivided into a dry and a complementary wet component. Under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium the dry delay term, amounting to approx. 90% of the total neutrospheric delay, can be accurately calculated using ground pressure measurements. In contrast, the wet component, showing strong temporal and spatial variability, is very difficult to determine based on meteorological surface data. A reliable modelling of the wet component within GNSS data processing is fundamental for high-resolution reconstruction of atmospheric water vapour fields. Each improvement in temporal and spatial resolution of atmospheric water vapour determination is a further step towards a better understanding of the Earth's climate system.


. With the outbreak of the European War in 2022, Francis Fukuyama provided a remarkable prophecy: the defeat of Russia will make a new birth of freedom possible, and the spirit of 1989 will live on thanks to the Ukrainians. Our view does not deny the historical optimism and rise of Ukraine, but warns against euphoria: it analyses the causes of the war and draws attention to the state of Western politics. From the analysis and foresight of the horizon for 2030, there is a 'homework' for the final victory over the Russian world. to learn a historical lesson. West ministers mistakes systemic question current mesh-democracy model. The network overcomes the irresponsibility of politicians by direct current expression of will: 'everyday plebiscite' according to Ernest Renan. Personal


After having launched Java back in 1995, Sun keeps up the hype by presenting Jini, a Java based middleware solution, a couple of months ago. Since then a lot of theoretical work has been published, which describes scenarios where Jini enabled devices provide virtually miraculous self-connguration abilities. This paper goes one step further by showing how a real Jini application cannot only be thought of, but also be designed and implemented. Since Jini is intended to be used in portable and household devices, it seems natural to combine its power with a eldbus system for home automation. This paper presents how Jini and a home and building network can be linked together to beneet from each other.


Stock return is an advantage obtained by investors in stock investment. One sector whose stock returns fluctuate and has a high inventory turnover is the consumer goods industry. The existence of stock return fluctuations is the background of this study which aims to determine the effect of leverage, profitability, firm size and liquidity on stock returns on the consumer goods industry sector companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2016 period. The sample used in this study amounted to 33 companies. The method of determining the sample used in this study was purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear analysis. The results of this study are leverage variables proxied by DER which have a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Profitability proxied by ROE has a positive and insignificant effect on stock returns. Firm size has a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Liquidity which is proxied by QR has a negative and insignificant effect on stock returns.
Keywords: debt to equity ratio, return on equity, firm size, quick ratio, stock return


In the high-speed innovation of agricultural machinery, the main means of competition among different brands has shifted from product function to good user experience. Modular silage machinery has gradually become the development trend of agricultural machinery industry. In order to reduce the purchase cost of large silage machinery, improve installation efficiency and operational comfort, the silage machinery is divided into modules based on the functional flow model. Taking silage mechanical coating module installation as an example, analyzing the installation difficulties from the perspective of ergonomics, the module division and installation process design of the lifting device, the design of the coating module armrest and the connection mode between the lifting device and the coating module are obtained. The installation plan of the silage mechanical coating module. It relieves the pressure on the lumbar spine of the operator during the installation process and provides a design basis for the installation of other modules.


The noetic Anthropos represents a significant conceptual leap from anthropomorphic terminologies. In the Alexandrian intellectual environment of the second century bce, Aristobulus takes over and even makes some editorial adjustments to a pseudo-Orphic hymn which states that God is unseen by mortal eyes, but that a certain Chaldean wise man, skilled in astronomy, discerned God with his mind. The doctrine of a noetic form of God finds one of its clearest illustrations in Clement of Alexandria. The incarnation, for Hippolytus of Rome, is a mystery of economy, a mystery about the Logos and his manifestation in history. In order to defend the corporeal condition of the incarnate Christ, Tertullian assumed that even Christ's pre-incarnate status involves body and form. Commonly dated around 300-320ce, the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies is another pre-Nicene source including a Christology envisioning the Son endowed with a body of glory and a form (morphe).Keywords: Christ's pre-incarnate status; Hippolytus of Rome; noetic Anthropos; pseudo-Orphic hymn


TRIBUTES TO MELVILLE B. NIMMER For Mel Nimmer Kenneth L. Karst* It would be unthinkable for this inaugural issue of the UCLA Entertainment Law Review to be dedicated to anyone other than Melville B. Nimmer. The law school course called Entertainment Law was his invention, and it evolved naturally from his own life in the law. Before he became a scholar-practitioner, he was a practitioner- scholar. He represented screenwriters and others in the entertainment industry, and while he was carrying on this demanding practice he wrote and published Nimmer on Copyright, a four-volume treatise on copyright law. Not just a treatise, but the treatise on that subject. At times Mel had mixed feelings about the treatise's standing as the nation's leading authority on the subject. Long after he had joined the UCLA law faculty, he was engaged as counsel in a major copyright case that required him to argue a position contrary to the position he had taken in his treatise. In one sense, it was an issue on which Mel couldn't lose-but, of course, neither could he win. If I remember correctly, the judge followed Nimmer the authority, ruling against Nimmer the advocate. Even the title Mr. Entertainment Law is inadequate to define Mel Nimmer's place in the legal world. He became a leading scholar on the First Amendment, and his treatise, Nimmer on the First Amend- ment, joined Nimmer on Copyright on library shelves throughout the nation. In this field, too, he put his learning and his practical skills to Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law.


Preparing students for the interdisciplinary nature of modern biology will require changes in curriculum, instruction, assessments, and teacher professional development in order to support teaching for conceptual understanding and for making cross-disciplinary connections.


An experimental apparatus was employed to measure the effects of macropore flow on solute transport during repetitive rainfall-infiltration events. The effects of macropore flow were classified into three categories depending on rainfall amount relative to evaporation and storage change during a period of interest. Macropores were found to contribute to faster infiltration under heavy rainfalls, while they contribute to larger vertical dispersion in all rainfalls including light rains which do not initiate macropore flow. Rainfall intensity has an influence on the onset of the macropore flow. Macropore flow in high antecedent soil water content conditions causes greater vertical spreading of the solute due to little lateral infiltration from macropores into matrix.


Path planning is one of the highly studied problems in the field of robotics. The problem has been solved using numerous statistical, soft computing and other approaches. In this paper, we evolve the robotic path using genetic algorithms (GA). The GA generates solutions for the static map which disobeys the non-holonomic constraints. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) works on the generated path and extends the problem for dynamic environment. The results of GA serve as a guide for FIS planner. The FIS system was initially generated using rules from common sense. Once this model was ready, the fuzzy parameters were optimised by another GA. The GA tried to optimise the distance from the closest obstacle, total path length and the sharpest turn at any time in the journey of the robot. The resulting FIS was easily able to execute the plan of the robot in a dynamic environment. We tested the algorithm on various complex and simple paths. All paths generated were optimal in terms of path length and smoothness. Hence, using a combination of GA along with FIS, we were able to solve the problem of robotic path planning.


One of the goals in education is to develop students critical thinking. The study attempted to investigate the activities conducted by the teacher in activating schema to promote students' critical thinking. The study also investigate the challenges faced by the teacher in activating schema and students' response in schema activation to promote critical thinking. The qualitative descriptive design was taken in SMP Ma'arif Hasanuddin, the participants were grade 7th students. The data is collected through observation checklist, interview guidelines and questionnaire. The study captured activities of teacher in activating schema, divided into pre reading, while reading, and after reading, schema activation successfully promote students critical thinking in reading comprehension. The students interested in teaching process, pay attention, explore many vocabularies, reflect critically on learning process. However, there are number of challenges for English teacher in activating schema such as varieties of students, less vocabularies, less participation, the material on the students worksheet (LKS) is not suitable with Indonesian learner, and unsupported condition. The solutions to overcome these challenges were also suggested in this study. The respond of students in teacher schema activation needed to know point of view from students, data showed 69,2 % students agree that schema activation can promote their critical thinking in English reading comprehension. So, the teacher can use schema activation to promote students' critical thinking in English reading comprehension.


Different aspects of the symbolic algebra computations for generating elementary reactions of complex systems are reviewed. Such calculations are the heart of each automated mechanism generator system and are employed extensively in different stages of mechanism generation. The range of symbolic calculation topics and basic ideas of these implementations, together with some specific examples, are given. Particular attention is devoted to the transition between the symbolic calculation and the real complex chemistry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006


The UIE hold a large scale international academical congress at intervals of four years.This congress held at Krakow in Poland on May 19-21,2008.There are 123 papers on the congress to publish.If contents of these papers are differentiated from electrothermal equipment,there are following four large catalogues,i.e.induction heating devices;EAF equipments;electric resistance furnaces;other furnace type.New light points of international electrothermal technologies at this congress are promising high efficiency DC induction heating devices,it is too the application of superconductor to induction heating devices.Additional,there are that the application of intelligence tech-nologies based on neural net to EAF etc.


Sir, Clinical experience has shown that oropharyngeal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be difficult to eradicate. 1 Oral carriage of MRSA may serve as a reservoir for colonization of other body sites, or cross-infection to other patients or healthcare workers. 2 Eradication of throat carriage of MRSA has been achieved using topical chlorhexidine (0.2%), in addition to normal control measures of patient isolation, nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body washes. 3 The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the bactericidal activity of some oral antiseptic agents against various strains of methicillin-susceptible and methicillinresistant S. aureus. The antiseptic solutions chosen for testing were commercially available over-the-counter preparations of the following oral hygiene products: Corsodyl mouthwash (chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% w/v, 7% ethanol, sorbitol, polyoxyl 60, hydrogenated castor oil, flavour E1640 1 N1, purified water), Listerine mouthwash (aqua, 27% alcohol, sorbitol, poloxamer 407, benzoic acid, eucalyptol, menthol, thymol, methyl salicylate, aroma, sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate, CL 42053), Plax mouthwash (aqua, sorbitol, 25% alcohol, glycerine, aroma, menthol, disodium phosphate, PVM/MA copolymer, sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium saccharin, 0.03% triclosan, CL 16035), Oral B mouthwash (aqua, glycerine, polysorbate 20, aroma, methylparaben, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium fluoride, sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate, propylparaben, CL 42051), Fluorigard mouthwash [0.05% w/w sodium fluoride BP (equivalent to 0.225 mg fluoride ion per mL), alcohol 4.96%, pluronic F-108, glycerol Ph Eur, saccharin sodium Ph Eur, sodium benzoate BP, benzoic acid BP. E131, flavour, purified water Ph Eur] and Colgate Total toothpaste (sodium fluoride 0.24%, triclosan 0.3%, glycerine, sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphate, cellulose gum, sodium saccharin, carrageenan, titanium dioxide, hydrated silica, water). The antiseptic mouthwashes were tested at a concentration of 80%. The toothpaste was diluted according to the method of previous workers. 4 This involved mixing 10 g of the toothpaste with 10 mL of sterile distilled water on a rotary mixer. The resulting slurry was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 min and the supernatant used in the bac


O ver the last four decades steady improvements have been made in search engines, including those that use Boolean search interfaces as well as those that rely on other ways of matching query terms to words in the documents searched. In this paper we consider the further gains that can be achieved with a technique called semantic search. Wikipedia defines semantics as the study of meaning [1]. The word semantics itself denotes a range of ideas, from the popular to the highly technical. It is often used in ordinary language to denote a problem of understanding that comes down to word selection or connotation. Semantic search is a process used to improve online searching by using data from semantic networks [2] to disambiguate queries and web text in order to generate more relevant results. For example, Collexis [3] utilizes semantic technology to create their proprietary Fingerprints. A Fingerprint represents a visualization of the aggregation of the key concepts of the aggregated dataset – presented in a bar chart of relevant weighted concepts. For example, if a researcher has found an article about diabetes in the New York Times and wants to know if there is any research in PubMed [4] that matches this article, she can paste the article into the Collexis engine, and it will create a Fingerprint of the article. Further it will return a result set of articles from the PubMed database that can match any portion of the article. In addition to creating Fingerprints and providing matching articles based on a comparison of the relevant concepts, this semantic technology also allows the researcher to profile experts, determine the research trend of key concepts and conduct hypothesis generation. Further, she is able to build on her search by adding or deleting concepts based on the direction of her research. Semantic search as described above has many benefits over traditional search. It allows searchers the following capabilities: I To refine their search by adjusting the settings of the Fingerprint I To combine or remove a concept(s) I To create dashboards based on the key relevant concepts Imagine a search in Google about juvenile diabetes. The result set will contain thousands of items. In order to know the content of all retrieved resources the researcher would have to read them. With the Collexis technology the result set is presented in an aggregated Fingerprint that consists of the weighted bar …


The invention relates to a through-flow parameter optimization effect improvement and peak regulation system for a main compound steam turbine of a front machine. A front two-cylinder steam turbine, an electric generator of the front two-cylinder steam turbine, a heater 0, pipelines and accessories of the pipelines are additionally arranged and form the system together with a main steam turbine. A method that the front steam turbine is used for increasing circulation initial parameters is fully used, pressure level group parameters of the main steam turbine are optimized, the peak regulation performance of a thermal power generating unit is improved, and the circulation thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant and the relative inner efficiency of the steam turbines are improved. For the active-duty unit, the system can increase capacity, improve efficiency improvement and reduce the station service power consumption rate, so that the purpose that the ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature heat supply steam extraction function is provided by a condensing steam turbine is achieved. In the aspect of optimized design of a thermodynamic system of the new-built thermal power generating unit, a technological path that thermalized steam flow can be fully used and the unit is suitable for wide-load peak regulation operation is provided. By the application of the through-flow parameter optimization effect improvement and peak regulation system, remarkable energy-saving emission reducing economic benefits and social benefits can be generated.


In an earlier paper we provided an alternative to the standard gauge concept for deriving the classical electromagnetic wave equations. This alternative involves recognition of two previously overlooked basic equations and represents a simplification of the formalism and a clarification of some basic physics that is obscured in the standard method. It also removes inconsistencies inherent in the gauge approach. The present paper relates to the Coulomb gauge and addresses another example of a major inconsistency that derives directly from the gauge concept


This paper, by combining engineering examples, elaborates the establishment and application of energy-saving design concept. The energy-efficient air conditioning water system has been exemplified to make a qualitative analysis and exploration of the adopted application theory and energy-saving effect of the energy-saving measures. The author suggests that comprehensive hydraulic balancing measures, large temperature difference in cold water and cold water pump inverter technology used in combination can optimize the running energy-saving efficiency of the water system to improve the energy-saving effect. This paper points out that the scientific and rational self-control programs and technical means to meet the requirements of the design conditions.


ISLA--the International Stratospheric Laboratory for Astrophysics--is proposed as the consequential evolution from present ground- and space-based astronomical observatories. ISLA operates remotely controlled at approximately 15 km altitude. Its diffraction limited 4 m telescopes permit imaging with 30 milli-arcsec resolution, while the interferometric combination of its telescopes reaches milli-arcsec resolution. The extremely low residual water vapor allows nearly unhindered observations from the infrared to the sub-mm spectral range. The efficiency of imaging and spectroscopy increases by about 103, due to the improved light concentration, and interferometric observations will even be facilitated by factors of 104 to 105 compared to ground-based observations. ISLA combines the advantages of modern pressurized balloons with those of rigid airships. Several diffraction limited, extremely light telescopes of 2 to 4 m diameter are stationed on ISLA, together with the optics necessary for interferometry. The size and numbers of telescopes on ISLA will surpass any present and realistic future space telescope projects. The advantages of easy maintenance and exchange of instrumentation assure that the ISLA observatory will permanently be at the state of art. Scientific challenges to be tackled with ISLA are the search for extra-solar planets, details of star forming regions, surfaces of giant stars, nuclei of galaxies, gravitational lenses and the evolution of novae and supernovae etc. Many more presently unasked important scientific questions will arise than can be answered, but most likely there will be fascinating totally unexpected discoveries from ISLA.


Two-dimensional device simulations of 4H-SiC DMOSFET were performed in this study. Two types of P-Well doping profiles are compared. The retrograde profile can have higher breakdown voltage as compared to the box profiles. The P-well concentration is also examined and optimized. The DMOS device can have a better avalanche behavior once the P-Well concentration is higher than 2E18 cm-3. In addition, the interfacial oxide effect on the channel mobility has also been studied. The interfacial charge density should be controlled to lower than 2E11 cm-2 so as to have a higher mobility and lower on-state resistance.


Introduction: A reduced range of movement and associated pain due to impingement following hip resurfacing is a side effect leading to significant morbidity in the affected patient. We have found it may possible to identify those patients most at risk of impingement from plain radiograph analysis. Methods: Using Corin Cormet TM resurfacing templates angles of impingement of different size femoral heads were measured and compared by using a theoretical head neck ratio of one. Following this a single femoral head size of 56mm was taken and the impingement angle was measured with altering neck sizes. Femoral head: femoral neck ratios were then measured on a series of 43 plain AP pelvic radiographs using calibrated digital calipers. The range of values was compared to a normal distribution curve. Inter and intra observer variation was calculated. Results: Varying the template femoral head size with the corresponding acetabular component will give the same impingement angle. With a single femoral head size and altering femoral neck sizes the angle of impingement in the AP view decreases with an increasing head neck ratio. Analysis of 43 pelvic radiographs revealed a range of head neck ratios from 0.64 to 0.80 with a mean of 0.71 and standard deviation of 0.038. This data compares with a normal distribution. Conclusion: The risk of impingement in hip resurfacing is not related to femoral head size alone, but also to the head neck ratio. Furthermore it is evident that range of movement is a function of the head neck ratio and not the femoral head size alone. Those ratios which fall within the upper standard deviation may require further consideration as to the suitability of a planned resurfacing procedure. This study also highlights the need for surgeons to become experienced in the technique of osteochondroplasty to minimise the head neck ratio.


Purpose: Propose a modeling and analysis methodology based on the combination of Bayesian networks and Petri networks of the reverse logistics integrated the direct supply chain. Design/methodology/approach : Network modeling by combining Petri and Bayesian network. Findings: Modeling with Bayesian network complimented with Petri network to break the cycle problem in the Bayesian network. Research limitations/implications: Demands are independent from returns. Practical implications: Model can only be used on nonperishable products. Social implications: Legislation aspects: Recycling laws; Protection of environment; Client satisfaction via after sale service. Originality/value: Bayesian network with a cycle combined with the Petri Network.


According to the RD process of calibrating apparatus for four-wheel aligners,design route of part modeling,virtual assembly and interference inspection with Solidworks platform were presented.Compiling and rendering of assembly simulation animation were realized by Photoworks and Animator.A powerful and convenient integrative tool is provided for virtual design and simulation interface of industrial products.


Objective To investigate the effect of combined laparoscopy and mifepristone in treatment of patients with pelvic endometriosis.Methods One hundred and six patients with endometriosis were treated in this hospital from March,2005 to August,2006,all these patients were randomly divided into simple operation group and combined therapy group containing 54 and 52 patients respectively.In the second group,mifepristone was administered in a dosage of 12.5 mg/d continuously for 3 months in each patient.All patients had been followed up for 3 to 12 months.Results The follow-up rate was 97.17%(103/106).The effective rate of single operation group was 37.04%(20/54),while it was 59.62%(31/52)in combined therapy group.It was much higher in second group than that of first group(P0.05).Elevation of serum level of transaminase was seen in 2 cases in combined therapy group.Conclusion The result of treatment for pelvic endometriosis in combined therapy group is superior to that of simple operation group with less side reactions.It is valuable to be recommended for clinical application.


The present invention relates to a sealing device for a high-pressure chamber (11), a limiting element (12) and the closure member (13). Said restriction member (12) having an outer sealing surface (14) and said closure member (13) having an inner sealing surface (15). Thus the outer sealing face is arranged (15) and an inner sealing surface (14) so as to seal the high pressure chamber (11) is achieved by contacting the two sealing surfaces (14, 15). According to the present invention thus constructed of the restriction element (12), so that the pressure of the high pressure chamber (11) so that force can be toward the inner sealing surface (15) acting on the outer sealing surface (14). Thus, even when the closure member (13) due to the high-pressure chamber (11) is also deformed to achieve a sealing function. The sealing device according to the present invention can be particularly advantageously used in the pump.


The invention relates to a sintering waste heat generating system, comprising a waste heat boiler, a steam superheater, a steam turbine and a generator; wherein the outlet of a first economizer is communicated with steam packet, the evaporating heating surface A in the waste heat boiler is communicated with the steam packet; saturate steam outlet of the waste heat boiler steam packet is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam superheater; the superheated steam output terminal of the steam superheater is connected to the steam input terminal of the steam turbine; and the spindle of the steam turbine is jointed with the rotating axis of the generator. The invention can be sintering waste heat generating system of a single pressure steam and water system, double pressure steam and water system or compound flash steam and water system. The invention improves the steam turbine inlet steam parameters and makes the best of coal gas produced by steel works self and sintered ring cold engine waste gas waste heat to be transformed into electrical energy to the utmost extent, and waste heat generating capacity is improved by more than 30% compared with the existing sintering superheated steam waste heat generating technology.


The invention discloses a Bluetooth slave device function implementation system and a Bluetooth slave device function implementation method of an embedded operating system. The system comprises a mobile terminal in which the embedded operating system is installed; a Bluetooth module, which at least can work in a Bluetooth slave device mode; and an interface module through which the Bluetooth module is connected with the mobile terminal, wherein the mobile terminal drives the Bluetooth module via the interface module to work. According to the system and method, the support function of adding the Bluetooth salve device for the operating system on the basis of not changing the source code of the existing embedded operating system is achieved, thus the expansion of the Bluetooth protocol stack is no longer affected by the interface and service of the operating system, and thereby the expandability and flexibility of the whole system are improved.


This study aimed to develop a model of learning tools to make the learning activities became more optimal than before. This research used the ADDIE model development method, which had five development phases, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The learning model used in this research was the tactical approach model, and the learning tools being developed were syllabus, lesson plan, Students Worksheet, Hand out, and instructional implementation guide. The research instrument used interviews, observation, validation questionnaire, and practice test to measure the students' learning outcomes necessary motion of Pencak silat. Data analysis used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. This study produced learning tools (syllabus, lesson plan, Students Worksheet, Hand out, and instructional implementation guides) that had been tested for its validity, practicality, and effectiveness to be used in learning necessary motion of Pencak silat. Keywords— Basic motion learning, Pencak silat, tactical


We have being studying the zonal and vertical E region electric field components inferred from the Doppler shifts of type 2 echoes (gradient drift irregularities) detected with the 50 MHz backscatter coherent radar set at São Luis, Brazil (SLZ, 2.3°S, 44.2°W) during the solar cycle 24. In this report we present the dependence of the vertical and zonal components of this electric field with the solar activity, based on the solar flux F10.7. For this study we consider the geomagnetically quiet days only (Kp ≤ 3+). A magnetic field‐aligned‐integrated conductivity model was developed for proving the conductivities, using the IRI‐2007, the MISIS‐2000, and the IGRF‐11 models as input parameters for ionosphere, neutral atmosphere, and Earth magnetic field, respectively. The ion‐neutron collision frequencies of all the species are combined through the momentum transfer collision frequency equation. The mean zonal component of the electric field, which normally ranged from 0.19 to 0.35 mV/m between the 8 and 18 h (LT) in the Brazilian sector, show a small dependency with the solar activity. Whereas the mean vertical component of the electric field, which normally ranges from 4.65 to 10.12 mV/m, highlights the more pronounced dependency of the solar flux.


INTRODUCTION:
Extubation is often associated with varying degrees of problems. The appropriate time to remove an endotracheal tube is part of the art of anaesthesia that develops with
experience. Both intubation and extubation are associated with rise in heart rate and blood pressure, yet often there has been less emphasis on avoiding hemodynamic changes
at extubation. These cardiovascular changes occur due to release of catecholamines at extubation, in addition to pain from the surgical site and irritation of the tracheal mucosa
by the endotracheal tube.
Coughing is another very common problem encountered at extubation. The mechanism of cough is presumed to be irritant or stretch stimuli in the trachea caused by the endotracheal tube and its cuff. Coughing and the hemodynamic response at extubation can result in potentially dangerous patient movements, hypertension, tachycardia, or other arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, surgical bleeding, bronchospasm and increase in intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure. In patients coming for neurosurgical procedures, it is important to avoid factors such as coughing and hypertension at emergence, which are likely to cause raised intracranial pressure and intracranial bleeding. Any increase in intracranial pressure can adversely affect the postoperative outcome.
Awakening and extubation after anaesthesia are associated with hemodynamic arousal lasting 10 to 25 minutes, partially mediated by elevations in catecholamine levels and partially by nociceptive stimuli. Thus both anti-sympathetic (betablockers) and antinociceptive (narcotics, lignocaine) treatment strategies are appropriate to decrease extubation response. Lignocaine has long been used to modulate the unwanted airway and circulatory reflexes seen in response to emergence and extubation. The administration of lignocaine has been through several routes such as intravenous (IV) injection, endotracheal cuff, or intratracheal (IT) instillation. In this study we have compared the efficacy of lignocaine administered via the endotracheal tube to lignocaine administered intravenously , and to placebo, in suppressing the extubation response. As a smooth extubation at the end of surgery is vital for a good outcome in neurosurgery, we have done this study in patients undergoing craniotomies.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine whether intratracheal instillation of lignocaine is effective in attenuating airway & circulatory response to extubation.
2. To determine if the effect of intratracheal route is by absorption from the mucosa or if it has any local mucosal anaesthetizing effect.
3. To determine if awakening from anaesthesia is delayed with the use of lignocaine and to compare the time taken for extubation between the groups where lignocaine is used.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, this study was carried out on 114 neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomies.
Inclusion criteria:
1. Patients undergoing elective craniotomies in the supine and lateral position with GCS 15/15.
2. Age 18 -65 years inclusive.
3. ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologist) class 1 & 2.
Exclusion criteria:
Patients with
1. Sore throat or active URI.
2. History of laryngeal or tracheal pathology/surgery.
3. History of asthma or COPD.
4. Requirement for postoperative ventilation.
Study Design: Prospective Randomized Double Blinded Clinical Trial.
Location: The study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesia in Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore.
Sample size determination:
The sample size was based on the study done by Daelim Jee and SoYoung Park where 3 groups of patients were assessed similarly. The means and standard deviation of number of coughs in the three groups were 10.2 +/-6.0, 4.5 +/-3.7, 7.8+/-4.6. With an alpha error of 5% and power of 80%, the sample size for each group was calculated to be 38. Therefore the total sample size would be 114. Sample size was determined, assuming that the anticipated analysis will be done using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Patient allocation:
The patients were randomly allocated into one of the 3 groups by block randomization using computer assignment. The study drug was allocated to patients by the pharmacy according to the block randomization done and the nature of the drug was concealed by the pharmacy.
Patients in group 1 received intratracheal lignocaine and intravenous placebo.
Patients in group 2 received intravenous lignocaine and intratracheal placebo.
Patients in group 3 received intravenous and intratracheal placebo (control group).
CONCLUSIONS:
1. Lignocaine in the dose of 1 mg/kg given intratracheally does not prevent cough or hemodynamic response at emergence if given 20-30 min prior to extubation. Lignocaine
in this dose provides poor local anaesthetic effect after tracheal instillation.
2. There was no increase in sedation with the use of lignocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg when administered 20-30 min before extubation.
3. When volatile agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane are continued till pin removal with an adequate dose of fentanyl, cough and haemodynamic response to extubation can be suppressed but with higher sedation in neurosurgical patients.
4. Plasma level of 0.8 μgm/ml was not sufficient to suppress cough at extubation.


: This research aims to analyze the problem of social condition of French society before the revolution portrait in A Tale of Two Cities novel written by Charles Dickens. The linkage of literary works as a portrayal of a social life proves that a literary work always has partiality. Therefore, it can be said that literary work is a tendentious work which means having certain purposes behind its creation. This research uses the qualitative and sociology of literature approach. The result of the research that the social condition of French society during revolution where the people live in poverty where the poor people exploited by the noble, famine struck in every corner of the city, rigid of law during the monarchy system, and power abuse by the nobles to the poor people, which lead this into revolution lead by the poor people. The Researcher concluded that social conditions of the society before the revolution are poverty, famine, rigid law, and power abuse.


During the past decades, the Danish building regulations have amended from prescriptive building regulations towards performance-based regulations. The performance-based regulations describe the functional attributes that e.g. building components must fulfill. These requirements can be achieved with several designs; i.e. the regulations do not any more describe how to build but rather what performance the finished buildings shall have. In Denmark there is no common approach for documenting the durability of building envelope structures. Therefore, this paper presents a number of methods that might be applicable to document the services life as required in the Danish Building regulations related to moisture problems. Furthermore, the paper will discuss if hygrothermal simulations are needed for evaluating the durability of the design of structures. Using an exterior wooden-stud wall as example, the paper discusses how the risk of moisture problems can be assessed applying different methodologies. Furthermore, calculations/simulations are compared to measurements conducted in the stud wall, to illustrate how the documentation of the expected performance can be conducted. Finally, two examples are presented on failure mechanisms, where unsuited materials or design is used for a given outdoor climate.


The ac drives which operate at a poor power factor decreases motor speed and injected large harmonic current and subra-harmonics into the supply network. The effects of harmonic and subra-harmonic that are injected into the network include overheating of transformers and motor and other instrumentation that were not designed with an insensitivity to harmonic in the supply. Thus, some form of harmonic and subra-harmonic mitigation is required. The PQube3 compact instrument is simply the best power monitor and real-time sensor and it records harmonic and supra-harmonics of AC drive for dry-milling system. To reduce the harmonic current and subra-harmonic injected in the network. The Hybrid Power Filter System(HPFs) are chosen because they can solve this problem with the least cost and the same effect as active filter. The results show that the association of HPFs is a very good solution for harmonic and subra-harmonic problems.


Abstract The Çanakkale-Balıkesir Coastline Palaeolithic Survey Project covers the Çanakkale and Balıkesir coastlines of the Aegean. It aims to reveal Palaeolithic assemblages and their connection to the surrounding islands—primarily Lesbos. In 2021, four important findspots were detected on the Çanakkale coastline, and more than 500 lithics were uncovered, exhibiting the characteristics of large cutting tools, as well as pebble and prepared core technologies. These tools attest to the presence of hominins along the Çanakkale coastline during the Lower Palaeolithic.


Contemporary international economic competition and social, scientific and technological developments have significantly changed ways of living all over the world. In the countries aiming at constructing powerful generations, it has been understood that science education plays a prominent role in flourishing scientific thinking and research, in learning how to study scientifically and in structuring attitudes towards natural sciences (AAAS, 1989; European Commission. 2004; NRC, 1996; Bybee, 1997). Today, the nature of science education, scientific literacy, scientific process skills, scientific, technological, social and environmental understandings, science history and philosophy, socio-scientific and cognitive constructivist learning perspectives have all been considered as an important educational objective (Anderson, 2002; AtkinB AAAS, 1993; Bell& Lederman, 2003; Akinoglu & Tandogan, 2007). Science education is of great importance in raising individuals who search, discuss, experience, observe, learn and develop scientific attitudes constantly. Fundamental objective of science education in primary schools is to enable students to observe their natural environment and to develop skills required to understand and explain both themselves and their environment. In science and technology education, the success of inquiry-based active learning depends on whether the required materials, environment, socio-psychological support and teaching guidance are offered (Bellipanni & Lilly, 1999; Brickhouse, 1990; Bybee, 2000; Chinn& Malhotra, 2002; Cothron, Giese& Rezba, 1996; DeBoer, 1991). One of the most spectacular and effective educational activities allowing learning by doing and inquiry-based active learning in science education is project activities. Projects play a prominent role in enabling students to understand the nature of science and in making students enjoy science classes. The use of project activities in science education is relied on Dewey's new school life and on that students learn how to solve problems by themselves here (Dewey, 1916; Dewey, 1938). Projects include the searching of a problem through cognitive processes. In science education, project works could be distributed in a teaching year or they could be undertaken in science fairs or project contests at the end of teaching years. During the project preparation process, teacher gives referential books, various materials and equipments to students. S/he shows various measures which should be taken to avoid several problems during the project work. Students solve various problems by undertaking projects and thus, they process information and develop their skills of studying and thinking by themselves or in small groups. In project activities, students' active participation and works are of major importance (Driver, Newton& Osborne, 2000; Ediger, 2005; Howe, 1997; Lederman, 2004; Minstrell, 2000; NRC, 2000). Project works are relied on planned research, examination and observation. Projects also pave the way for the attainment of report preparation and presentation skills. During project activities, students choose which project will be undertaken, prepare plans to solve project questions, implement these plans and discuss and assess the project process and results. During the project implementation process, students are expected to develop their skills of thinking, problem solving, creativity, access to information, information processing, questioning, making conclusions, presentation and negotiation (Rutherford& Ahlgren, 1989; Schneider& Lumpe, 1996; Wells, 1994; Wilson, 2004; Yager, 2000). In the process, teacher acts as a facilitator and offers guidance to students. Here, students act autonomously and conceive the whole process. At the end of each project, a concrete output should be produced by students. Project development is basically a long, complex and demanding process. It requires students' high level thinking skills, such as creativity, inquiry, communication and scientific process skills. …


Selecting suitable materials used for the preparation of separation layer and the support of the composite membrane separately is one of the important means for the preparation of pervaporation membranes with excellent permselectivity. Using the casting method, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which has good hydrophilicity and high separation factor was casted on the surface of polyamide (PA) which has high water-permeability when used for reverse osmosis (RO), and then via heat treatment the PVA/PA composite membrane used for separation organic mixture by pervaporation (PV) was prepared. The prepared PVA/PA composite membranes were characterized by sweep electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and infrared spectrum (IR). The results show that the structure of the PVA/PA layers is compacted, the surface of the composite membrane is smooth and dense, and comparing with the PA membrane without casted with PVA, the height of the modules on the separation layer of the composite membrane decreases to about 4 nm. The effects of the concentration of PVA and the crosslinking agent in the casting solution and the condition of heat treatment on the separation performance of the prepared composite membrane were discussed. Using the novel PVA/PA composite membrane prepared to separate the isopropanol alcohol (IPA)/water mixture at ambient temperature, the permeating flux (J) can be close to 100 g·m-2·h-1, while the water content in the permeation (Cp-H2O) is more than 99.5%. It may conclude that the good transport behavior of the prepared PVA/PA composite membrane originates in its nice microstructure including the chemical crosslinking of the PVA and the morphology of the membrane.


A lead organization on the national level should be designated to establish concepts, locations, and the number of shock trauma air medical services. Medical specialists desire a vehicle which incorporates advances in medical technology trends in health care. Key technology needs for the emergency medical services helicopter of the future include the riding quality of fixed wing aircraft (reduced noise and vibration), no tail rotor, small rotor, small rotor diameter, improved visibility, crashworthy vehicle, IFR capability, more affordability high reliability, fuel efficient, and specialized cabins to hold medical/diagnostic and communications equipment. Approaches to a national emergency medical service are discussed.


A family of non-parametric Yang–Baxter (YB) maps is constructed by re-factorization of 2 × 2 matrix polynomials of first degree. These maps are Poisson with respect to the Sklyanin bracket. For each Casimir function a parametric Poisson YB map is generated by reduction on the corresponding level set. By considering a complete set of Casimir functions symplectic multi-parametric YB maps are derived. These maps are quadrirational with explicit formulae in terms of matrix operations. Their Lax matrices are, by construction, 2 × 2 first-degree-polynomial in the spectral parameter and are classified by THE Jordan normal form of the leading term. Degenerate parametric YB maps constructed as limits of the non-degenerate ones are connected to known integrable systems on quadgraphs.


This work presents a three phase grid tied solar energy conversion system (SECS), which is interfacing a photovoltaic array to the grid. The first stage of SECS comprises of a boost converter, which performs the role of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), and a voltage source converter (VSC) forms the second stage, which injects power into the grid. The boost converter duty ratio is obtained via an incremental conductance (INC) technique. The VSC switching is controlled using an amplitude adaptive filter (AAF) technique. From the distorted load currents, the AAF extracts fundamental weights. In addition, the SECS also undertakes the operations of load balancing, compensation of reactive power, and harmonics current reduction to within the IEEE 519 standard. The control algorithm performance is evaluated via intermediate signals, by subjecting the SECS to various abnormal conditions on an experimental prototype developed in the laboratory.


I discuss the role that disc fragmentation plays in the formation of gas giant and terrestrial planets, and how this relates to the formation of brown dwarfs and low-mass stars, and ultimately to the process of star formation. Protostellar discs may fragment, if they are massive enough and can cool fast enough, but most of the objects that form by fragmentation are brown dwarfs. It may be possible that planets also form, if the mass growth of a proto-fragment is stopped (e.g. if this fragment is ejected from the disc), or suppressed and even reversed (e.g by tidal stripping). I will discuss if it is possible to distinguish whether a planet has formed by disc fragmentation or core accretion, and mention of a few examples of observed exoplanets that are suggestive of formation by disc fragmentation .


Similarity is a central construct in perceptual and cognitive science, with implications for everything from basic color and pattern perception, to object and phoneme recognition, memory retrieval, analogical reasoning and problem solving. Previous studies have examined people's overt similarity judgments to understand the roles of similarity in cognition, and several model have been proposed to account for the data. This paper presents our simulations of these data with a model originally designed to simulate analogical reasoning (Hummel & Holyoak's 1997, 2003a, LISA model), not similarity judgments. We show that the same mechanisms that LISA uses to simulate analogy also provide a natural account of disparate data on similarity judgments. These successes speak to the utility of LISA's symbolic-connectionist knowledge representations as an account of human mental representations. Similarity in Perception and Cognition The concept of "similarity" plays a central role in perception and cognition, and numerous models have been proposed to account for it. Most of these efforts have met with mixed success. Shepard's (1962) Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) account of similarity and Tversky's (1977) feature-based contrast model capture many "featural" aspects of similarity, but fail to capture structural aspects (e.g., Gentner & Markman, 1997; Goldstone, 1994; Goldstone, Medin & Gentner, 1991). Gentner and colleagues have modeled "structural" aspects of similarity with the SME model of analogy (e.g., Gentner, Ratterman, & Forbus, 1993; Markman & Gentner, 1993), but their approach does not capture basic "featural" aspects of similarity (e.g., Goldstone's "Matches Out of Place", or MOPs; Larkey and Markman, 2005). These complementary successes and failures suggest that what is needed is an account of mental representation that captures both the semantic/featural content of percepts and concepts (like MDS or the contrast model, but unlike SME) and also captures their relational/propositional organization (like SME, but unlike MDS and the contrast model). Hummel and Holyoak (1997, 2003) have made similar observations about the complementary featural/structural requirements on mental representation, not in the context of similarity judgment, but in the context of relational reasoning, especially reasoning based on analogies, schemas and rules. Their LISA model incorporates both featural and structural knowledge and has accounted for numerous results in analogical reasoning, including analogical reminding and mapping (Hummel & Holyoak, 1997), analogical inference and schema induction (Hummel & Holyoak, 2003a), the development of these abilities (Morrison, Doumas, & Richland, 2006) and their decline in normal aging as a result of varieties of fronto-temporal dementia (Morrison, et al., 2004; Viskontas et al., 2004), among other phenomena (see Hummel & Holyoak, 2003b, for a review). We hypothesize that overt similarity judgments rely on the same representations that coordinate such high-level cognitive functioning. If this is the case, then LISA may provide a powerful platform for simulating such judgments. Moreover, its ability or inability to do so stands as an important test of its account of knowledge representation. Knowledge Representation in LISA LISA's knowledge representations ("LISAese") are connectionist representations made explicitly relational (i.e., symbolic) by virtue of their ability to dynamically bind relational roles to their fillers. LISA represents propositions such as "the machine repairs the car", or repair (machine, car), using a hierarchy of distributed and progressively more localist codes (Figure 1). At the bottom of the hierarchy, "semantic units" represent objects (e.g., machine and car) and relational roles (e.g., the repairer and repairee roles of repair (x, y)) in a distributed fashion. For example, "car" might be represented in terms of features such as "artifact", "mechanical", "transport", etc., and "machine" as "artifact", "mechanical", "labor", etc. These distributed semantic representations serve to make explicit what objects (and roles) have in common and how they differ. At the next level of the hierarchy, object and role units (large circles and triangles, in Figure 1) represent objects and relational roles in a localist fashion, sharing bidirectional excitatory connections with the corresponding semantic units. For storage in LTM (and predication in working memory [WM]; see Hummel and Holyoak, 2003a), objects are bound to relational roles (e.g., "machine" to repairer and "car" to repairee) by means of localist subproposition units (SPs; rectangles in Figure 1). Collections of role-filler bindings are bound into complete propositions by means of localist proposition (P) units (ovals in Figure 1). Figure 1. LISAese representation of repair (machine, car). The labels r1, r2, m and c refer to repairer, repairee, machine and car, respectively. When a proposition enters WM, roles fire in synchrony with the fillers to which they are bound and out of synchrony with other role-filler bindings, resulting in a systematic pattern of firing on the semantic, object, role and SP units. For example, to represent repair (machine, car), the units representing car would fire in synchrony with those representing repairee, those representing machine would fire in synchrony with repairer, and the car+repairee units would fire out of synchrony with the machine+repairer units. The resulting representations are simultaneously symbolic, by virtue of dynamically binding roles to their fillers, and distributed, by virtue of the semantic units. As such, they suggest a potential basis for simultaneously capturing both the featural/semantic aspects and the structural aspects of similarity. Computing Similarity Judgments with LISA Although LISA was not designed to simulate explicit similarity judgments, it is nonetheless possible to extract similarity judgments from the model by exploiting two functions the model currently uses for analogical inference (Hummel & Holyoak, 2003a) and relational match-tosample (Kroger, Holyoak & Hummel, 2004). People use the quality of the mapping between a target analog and a potential source to decide whether to make inferences from the source to the target (Lassaline, 1996). LISA implements this constraint by computing how well a target analog, T, maps to a potential source, S (Hummel & Holyoak, 2003, Eq. A15): q(T ,S) = it[m(t, smax ) ! m(t, smax 2 )


This paper investigates the movement of manufacturing inventories and production over the business cycle to arrive at an asymmetric structural equilibrium-correction model. Initially cross-correlation coefficients and deepness and steepness tests for skewness are utilized to present descriptive statistics of the time series. Cointegration analysis is performed on each disaggregate inventory by stage of production (finished goods, work in progress and raw materials) with a set of explantory variables. Restricted cointegration vectors are added to the symmetric and non-symmetric specifications of the structural equilibrium-correction model. These are compared by parameter constancy tests and one-step ahead forecasts.


In this paper, variety means a class of similar algebras—i.e., models of one firstorder language without relation symbols—which is defined by the satisfaction of some fixed set of equations. A variety is locally finite if all of its finitely generated members are finite. Following J. Berman and P. Idziak [2], the G-spectrum, or generative complexity, of a locally finite variety C, is the function GC defined on positive integers so that GC(k) is the number of non-isomorphic (at most) k-generated members of C. The G-spectrum of C is a non-decreasing function from and to positive integers. The interest in this function as an invariant of a locally finite variety is tied to the fact, exhaustively demonstrated in J. Berman and P. Idziak [2], that the rate of growth of GV is closely related to numerous structural and algebraic properties of the members of V. Among other results, [2] contains a characterization of the finitely generated varieties V which omit type 1 and possess a G-spectrum GV(k) bounded by a singly exponential function 2 for some polynomial p(k). In this paper, we characterize the locally finite varieties which possess a Gspectrum bounded by a polynomial function. The literature contains two other papers dealing with these varieties. M. Bilski [4], characterizes the finitely generated varieties of semigroups with polynomially bounded G-spectrum. P. Idziak and R. McKenzie [6] prove that if a locally finite variety V omits type 1 then GV(k) ≤ k for some C > 0 and for all integers k > 1 iff V is polynomially equivalent to the variety of all unitary left R-modules for some finite ring R of finite representation type.


PURPOSE
Past reports indicate that alpha hemolytic streptococcal (AHS) organisms are a common cause of infection among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. This study was intended to ascertain the population incidence and rate (infections per 100 patient-days of treatment) of AHS and to identify associated risk factors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients (n = 874 with 151,350 days of risk) enrolled on the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) protocol for newly diagnosed AML, CCG-2891, which randomly assigned intensity of induction and intensification, were prospectively evaluated for infectious complications.

RESULTS
AHS occurred in 21% of patients, was primarily blood borne (86%), made up 21% of bacteremic infections, and had a recurrent incidence of 31% during subsequent therapy. AHS was more often life-threatening (59%) than other infections (41%) (P = .001). AHS rates increased with age less than 10 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; P = .007), intensively timed induction (OR, 1.8 to 1.9; P = .02), and high-dose cytarabine intensification (OR, 3.7; P<.0001). Among all courses, the greatest incidence (19%) and rate (0.41) were associated with the use of high-dose cytarabine. Gastrointestinal toxicity correlated significantly with AHS bacteremia (P<.01). Infection with AHS resulted in increased hospital days (P =.0001). Only among bone marrow transplant patients were overall survival (OR, 2.8; P = .0001) and disease-free survival (OR, 2.1; P = .008) decreased after AHS bacteremia.

CONCLUSION
This study, the first to prospectively examine AHS incidence among uniformly treated patients in multiple institutions, established that as the intensity of AML therapy has increased, so has the rate of AHS. Young children, those with previous AHS bacteremias, and those receiving high-dose cytarabine are at particularly high risk of AHS bacteremia.


The article discusses the features of hemocyte energy reactions in some representatives of Mollusca type in response to incubation in solutions with different osmolarity. The study was conducted with the use of a confocal laser scanning microscope, with hemocytes coloring by rhodamine B. The study proves that large amoebocytes have the highest energy consumption.


As far as higher vocational colleges are concerned, strengthening the party history education research work in the party building work of higher vocational colleges can make the ideological and political education work of higher vocational colleges comprehensively innovate and optimize, and truly integrate the party history education The ideological and political education of higher vocational colleges provides theoretical research basis. In view of this, in the entire party building work of higher vocational colleges, it is necessary to always adhere to the idea of morality and cultivating people during the organization and personnel and party building research work, and focus on innovating the educational philosophy of faculty and staff to study party history. It is also necessary to innovate the communication channels of party history education in higher vocational colleges, focusing on building a good party history education environment for teachers in colleges and universities, so as to make the party building work of higher vocational colleges stable and far-reaching.


Background: Employing different procedures with the aim of treating obesity may improve the adverse consequences of obesity, especially disabilities secondary to pain or musculoskeletal deficits. The present study aimed to assess the long-term beneficial effects of weight reduction following obesity treatment by surgical interventions on musculoskeletal pain and body posture in obese patients. Methods: 60 morbidly obese patients aged higher than 30 years and having a body mass index of at least 40 kg/m2 who were candidates for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for obesity treatment took part in the present prospective interventional case series study. The data related to spinal pain were collected using the standardized neck disability index (NDI) and Roland-Morris questionnaires immediately before and 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the surgery. The postural status was assessed using a plumb line. Results: The mean weight and body mass index, as well as the mean NDI score and Roland-Morris score, considerably reduced during 12 months after the surgical intervention as compared to before the surgery. Of all the measured postural parameters, foot pronation significantly improved. In addition, anteroposterior pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, elevated and dropped shoulder and head lateral tilt significantly reduced within 12 months after the surgery. The downward trends of the changes in weight, body mass index, NDI score, and Roland-Morris score were all significant after the surgery. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of obesity can effectively reduce disability resulting from spinal pain and can correct postural deviations.


Pharmacodynamics experiment of ammonium chloride was conducted by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and visual colorimetry.These two methods were compared.The results show that the two methods have no significant differences,but the former has higher accuracy,is more simple and rapid than the latter.


Currently, clinicians often delay initiation of tacrolimus after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) to help mitigate nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to determine if there is an association between the time‐to‐therapeutic range (TTT) of tacrolimus, early renal dysfunction, and acute cellular rejection (ACR) after OHT.


The significant meaning of automated management of journals exists in the work of journals.It depicts the content of automated management of journals,work flow and scientific management of journals.


The studies in post-mortem changes of animal tissues belong to an important field of medico-legal studies. These kinds of studies have been done histologically, chemico-physically and chemically. In 1926, Shiraki microscopically observed that coffin-form crystal appeared in corrupt tissues and reported that it took 2 days after death for the crystal to appear at 26°C, 3 days at 24°C and 4 days at 21°C and that the crystal gained in quantity as putrefaction advanced but It vanished 20 to 30 days after death. Shiraki, however, did not refer to the substance of this crystal. In this editorial we have tried to investigate the chemical nature of the crystal and to survey the mechanism of the formation of this crystal.


List of Contents.- Complex Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tumor Progression.- Membrane Type-Matrix Metalloproteinase and Tumor Invasion.- Plasminogen Activators and Angiogenesis.- Maspin: A Tumor Supressing Serpin.- Different Roles for Plasminogen Activators and Metalloproteinases in Melanoma Metastasis.- SPARC and the Extracellular Matrix: Implications for Cancer and Wound Repair.- MUC18: A Cell Adhesion Molecule with a Potential Role in Tumor Growth and Tumor Cell Dissemination.- Lu-ECAM-1 and DPP IV in Lung Metastasis.- The E-cadherin/Catenin Complex in Invasion and Metastasis.- Biological Characteristics of Micrometastatic Carcinoma Cells in Bone Marrow.- Model Systems of Carcinoma Cell Dispersion.- Involvement of ?6 and ?v Integrins in Metastasis.- The 67-kDa Laminin Receptor and Tumor Progression.- Joint Features of Metastasis Formation and Lymphocyte Maturation and Activation.- The CD44 Proteins in Embryonic Development and in Cancer.- CD44 in Malignant Disorders.


Six young participants drove on a set of four simulated straight sections of rural highway, which were each approximately six miles in length. Participants drove on one side of a four lane roadway while they passed clusters of vehicles in the right lane. A CAS was included in a heads-up display and was used as an aid in merging maneuvers (Figs. 1 & 2). Participants were tested on their ability to select when it was safe to merge in either lane.


Process metrics provide a clear, quantitative and objective measure to assess process performance and progress towards a specific process goal. SoC functional verification involves integrating multiple IP blocks. So understanding how to define, measure, correlate, and analyze appropriate IP and system-level metrics is fundamental to improving performance and achieving quality goals. Yet, many of today's SoC project members' understanding of metrics is often limited to simple coverage measurements. In this paper, we take a broader view of metrics—beyond traditional coverage measurements—and identify a range of metrics across multiple aspects of today's SoC functional verification process. We then discuss other important considerations when integrating metrics into a project flow, such as metric categorization, run-time control, data management, and reporting and analysis. Keywords-functional verification; coverage; metrics; SoC; IP


This study examines the effect of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coatings of Inconel, aluminum, and Colmonoy on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel substrates. The coated samples were characterized using SEM, XRD, and EDS techniques. Impedance and Tafel tests were used to investigate the coatings corrosion responses at 40, 50, and 60 °C. Inconel-coated specimens showed superior corrosion behavior thanks to the Cr2O3 layers formed between the lamella structures of the coating, preventing chloride ions from diffusing across the coating. Although the Nyquist curve indicated oxide layer formation for the Al-coated sample, the Tafel test results showed severe corrosion.


Electron microscopy was used to study the formation of ultrafine structure in chromium subjected to intense plastic deformation. Mechanical tests revealed that chromium after such deformation is characterized by high microhardness and enhanced stability of structure and strength at elevated temperatures. The plasticity of ultrafine-grained chromium was found to be higher than that of the coarse-grained one. The properties of strongly deformed chromium are determined by the formation of submicron cellular structure and the nonequilibrium state of the material.