Abstract A manual site-directed survey of yield, cob dimensions and plant densities is undertaken across three sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) production fields in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia, to assess if the spatial variation in production is sufficient to warrant further investment in site-specific studies. The 113 data points are assessed using non-spatial and spatial analysis and the data interpolated and mapped. Non-spatial analysis shows a large magnitude in all variables, particularly yield, which ranges from 6 to 30 Mg ha−1. Spatial analysis shows that all variables have moderate to strong spatial response and the resultant maps show strong spatial patterns that may be conducive to differential management strategies. The observed variation is similar to the variation reported in maize (Zea mays) where site-specific management has been successfully adopted.


As extreme and unpredicted weather events are increasing, considering climatic effect on civil engineering structures is becoming a primary concern. The transportation system is one of the most important Civil Engineering Infrastructures. Pavement is a fundamental element in the transportation system. Most of the models used in evaluating pavement designs are based on the applied traffic load repetitions. However, there are other factors affecting the service life of asphalt pavements, such as environment and climate conditions. Previous studies showed that the response of a pavement system is highly dependent on its temperature. Temperature of pavement surfaces can be affected by numerous factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, and speed of wind as well as solar radiations. Temperature data is important to determine the amount of stress acting on a pavement surface. Thus, the deflection of pavements is highly influenced by its temperature. Temperature is also a main contributor to multiple types of pavement distresses, resulting in a significant impact on the service life of the pavement.

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of temperature variations on the performance of asphalt pavements. Four different climate factors will be considered. In part one, the behavior of asphalt mixtures in resisting low temperature cracking is evaluated. The study is done by comparing the low temperature properties of two types of asphalt binders: styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt binder and conventional asphalt binder, through laboratory tests and numerical analysis. In part two, the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on asphalt mixtures is studied, by conducting numerical simulations and finite element analysis. In part three, the impact of extreme high temperatures on the behavior of asphalt mixtures is studied, through laboratory tests and numerical analysis. In part four, the influence of solar radiations on the performance of asphalt concrete pavements is investigated, through the performance of computer software analysis and solar radiation modeling. Based on the outcomes of the different case studies, conclusions and recommendations are presented for future research needs on evaluating the climate effect on the behavior of asphalt mixtures.


In the Internet era emoji are being used more and more frequently, this study focuses on how the use of emoji in product advertising slogans affects consumers' purchase intentions. We conducted 2 experiments to explore this issue. Experiment 1 found that adding emoji to product advertisements would increase consumers' willingness to buy products, and the effect was mediated by psychological simulation. Based on this, Experiment 2 further found that the position of the emoji in the tagline would have a moderating effect, i.e., the emoji would increase purchase intention only when the emoji was in the middle of the tagline, while the emoji's effect on purchase intention disappeared when the emoji was on both sides (left or right). This study makes some theoretical contributions and practical contributions to how emoji can be used in the consumer market.


The method of microwave heating was used to determine the permanganate index of different water sample.The microwave power,microwave time,acidity on the analyse results were discussed.The optimal experimental conditions of permanganate index with microwave heating were determined,and the power anti Cl-,precision and accuracy of the method were tested.The results provided statistical proof for the use of microwave heating method.


The problem of two dimensional nonlinear self coupled harmonics in multiplicative noise and additive noise is analyzed by two dimensional cyclic statistics. Two dimensional time average polyspectra and two dimensional scaled polyperiodograms are introduced to analyze kth order self coupled harmonics. Through the simulation examples of extracting the self coupling harmonics of quadratic and cubic self coupled harmonics, it shows that this algorithm is efficient in extracting self coupling harmonics of self coupled harmonics.


The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of energy crisis which is considerably serious issue in today's period. It is becoming essential to increase use of renewable sources of energy namely solar energy as compared to conventional sources for energy generation. A technology namely automatic smart sun tracking and cleaning system for solar panel using motor mechanism and arduino controller introduced to improve efficiency of solar cells by tracking and cleaning system sun's energy. It uses arduino microcontroller and stepper motor to move solar panel according to position of sun. Photo resistors are also used to detect light intensity.


New measurement techniques and methods for characterizing the quality of optical fibers are presented. The fibers are to be used in a single-fiber-fed heterodyne laser interferometer with nanometer uncertainty. The polarization-mixing properties of several different polarization-maintaining fiber types, as well as the effects of fiber lengths on high-precision length measurements, is investigated for the first time. Mixing ratio and polarization orthogonality were measured using three different methods. The measured mixing ratios varied between 1:100 and 1:1650 (intensity). Also the influence of the fiber assembly on the polarization-mixing properties is shown.


Within the last decade, advances and availability in radiological imaging have led to an increase in the detection of incidental liver lesions (ILLs) in the asymptomatic patient population. This poses a diagnostic conundrum. This study was undertaken to review the outcome of liver lesions labelled as 'indeterminate' in asymptomatic patients without a biopsy‐proven concomitant primary tumour. The secondary aim was to assess the impact on healthcare resources and cost‐effectiveness with regards to the frequency and modality of radiological scans, multidisciplinary team discussions and clinic reviews.


Seeing from the source structure of China's anti-poverty funds, government anti-poverty funds definitely constitutes majority parts. This paper based on the regression analyses of the government's anti- poverty funds including it's concrete trend and agricultural gross output, net income of peasants, rural population below the poverty line and it's proportion, then observes the performance of China's government's anti-poverty funds and presents some countermeasures.


Background and Objectives Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to stroke risk. We sought to identify novel metabolites associated with incident stroke in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort and determine whether they reflected genetic or environmental variation. Methods This was a stroke case–cohort observational study nested in REGARDS. Cases were defined as incident stroke and metabolomic profiles were compared to a randomly selected control cohort. In baseline plasma samples, 162 metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and age by race in the base model. Fully adjusted models included traditional stroke risk factors. Mediation analyses conducted for these stroke risk factors used the metabolite as mediator. Genome-wide associations with the leading candidate metabolites were calculated using array data. Replication analyses in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) were conducted using random effects meta-analysis. Results There were 2,043 participants who were followed over an average period of 7.1 years, including 1,075 stroke cases and 968 random controls. Nine metabolites were associated with stroke in the base model, 8 of which were measured and remained significant in meta-analysis with JHS. In the fully adjusted model in REGARDS, guanosine (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.53; p = 7.26 × 10−6) and pseudouridine (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.13–1.45; p = 1.03 × 10−4) were associated with incident ischemic stroke following Bonferroni adjustment. Guanosine also partially mediated the relationship between hypertension and stroke (17.6%) and pseudouridine did not mediate any risk factor. Genome-wide association analysis identified loci rs34631560 and rs34631560 associated with pseudouridine, but these did not explain the association of pseudouridine with stroke. Discussion Guanosine and pseudouridine are nucleosides associated with incident ischemic stroke independently of other risk factors. Genetic and mediation analyses suggest that environmental exposures rather than genetic variation link nucleoside levels to stroke risk. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that guanosine and pseudouridine are associated with incident stroke.


As students enter college, their ability levels vary widely from one student to another. For a large segment of these students, visualization of 3D objects is, at best, difficult. This difficulty poses a serious obstacle to the students grasping the concepts on engineering graphics. Both orthographic projections and pictorials, not to mention sections, are difficult to comprehend if one has no true concept of the object to be drawn. One method to aid these students is to construct physical models of objects, thus allowing the visual learners to see, feel, and touch the models of the objects they are trying to draw. While this is a wonderful aid to learning, it is not feasible to construct models of each and every object which would be used in a freshman level introductory graphics class. This would necessitate about 50 models being created, just to have one copy of each object depicted in the class. If the plans were to have each student (or maybe each group of 4 students) have a copy of the model then the numbers grow rapidly. As an alternative to this approach, it is possible to create virtual models of the basic objects using computer models and exporting these as VRML files. This allows the students to see the objects and move about them to get the concepts of the actual 3D parts. These models can also be animated to allow the various parts to move with respect to one another, thus allowing the students to get a better mental image of the objects they are to be drawing. This paper will discuss the basic creation techniques used at Texas A&M to make virtual models of the objects used in ENGR 111 and ENGR 112 (Foundations of Engineering 1 and 2) and how they were utilized in the classroom. Use of Physical Models To assist the visual learners, physical examples should be used whenever possible. For the engineering graphics this would involve the creation of actual models of the examples used. This would allow the visual learner to actually see the object and the tactile learner to hold and feel it. Using these models will maximize the chance for people with these learning styles to retain and learn the subject matter. From an academic point of view this is an excellent method to use, there are problems implementing it. These center around the time required to manufacture sufficient models to equip an entire program, the cost of such an undertaking, and the difficult of storing the models. At Texas A&M we have about 2000 freshmen engineering students divided into classes of roughly 100 students each. There are potentially three of these classes (ENGR 111 and 112) running concurrently thereby requiring sufficient models for 300 students. Even if we provide P ge 505.1 only 1 model per 4 students (the classes are divided into four-person teams) this would still require 75 copies of each model. An alternative to using physical models is to use virtual models to allow the students to view and manipulate the models electronically. This provides many of the benefits of physical models as well as some additional ones. Students can now be given access to the models 24 hours a day by using the world wide web. Construction of Virtual Models VRML models were created of the objects used for the students semester drawing projects. For the first semester class this was a swivel base (see figure 2) and for the second semester a shroud end fitting was used (see figure 1). These were chosen because they are very similar, thus allowing the students to be more comfortable during the second semester when they were expected to use AutoCAD to produce the drawings, while during the first semester the execise is performed by sketching. The VRML's of the objects were created by exporting the AutoCAD Drawings (.dwg) into 3D Studio Max. Next, materials were applied, lights adjusted or added and cameras set up to control the view. The assembled shroud and swivel base were animated at the pivot pin. The swivel base is also given a Y-axis rotation to demonstrate multiple animation schemes. It was required to create a camera for each drawing and use this as the VRML output. This was necessary to bring the scale of the image down to a reasonable size for viewing. The images were given a final adjustment by using a VRML editor. Utilization of the models in the classroom Each of our classrooms are equipped with 50 computers (that is one per two students) and all course materials are prepared using powerpoint and exported to HTML files for the students to access via the world wide web on these computers. These materials can be examined on the Texas A&M freshman engineering home page at http://engr111.tamu.edu. Figure 1 Figure 2 P ge 505.2 During the Fall 1999 semester the only models which were made available to the students were the drawings used in the semester drawing project. In both classes (ENGR 111 and 112) the objects were included in both the assembled and unassembled views. The assembled versions were animated to demonstrate the degree of motion and the actual working of the design. The illustrations of the assembled versions are shown in figures 1 and 2 and the exploded versions in figures 3 and 4. By referencing these models the students can better understand the objects they are trying to document, either in orthographic projection or by creating solid models of the parts.


This short article describes the method of digital cytopathology using Z-stack scanning with or without extended focusing. This technology is suitable to observe such thick clusters as adenocarcinoma on cytologic specimens. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to histological images, but its application on cytologic images is still limited. This article describes our attempt to apply AI technology to cytologic digital images. For molecular analysis, cytologic materials, such as smear, LBC, and cell blocks, have been successfully used for targeted single gene detection and multiplex gene analysis with next-generation sequencing. As a future perspective, the system can be connected to full automation by combining digital cytopathology with AI application to detect target cancer cells and to perform molecular analysis. The literature review is updated according to the subjects.


The article gives the analysis of the main contradictions of the educational activities of the course «Technology» in the context of problems of the professional activities of the teacher. There are offered methodologically important ways of structured area of the professional activities of the teacher which promote the optimization of the process of education virtualization.


Using an earlier developed ac calorimetric technique, we measure the heat capacity of the two-dimensional electron system (2D ES) in GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As multiple-quantum-well structures with relatively low density and high mobility (${\mathit{n}}_{2\mathrm{D}}$\ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s). Sweeping the magnetic field B up to \ensuremath{\sim}10 T below 1 K, we have observed the heat capacity, and thereby the equilibrium density of states (DOS) of a 2D ES in the spin-split lowest Landau levels. Analyzing the 2D ES DOS derived from our data, we find that many-body interactions within the 2D ES must be considered in order to explain the B dependence of both the spin splitting and broadening of the Landau levels. In optimal fits to our data, the g factor of Landau-level spin splitting is enhanced more than 10 times over the value at B=0, in agreement with results from analyses of the 2D ES transport. The Landau-level broadening oscillates versus 1/B, consistent with earlier results for the heat capacity of higher-density 2D ES samples.


Energy efficiency is one of the biggest challenges in modern computer architecture. Increased performance and improved energy efficiency is always in demand whether it is for battery longevity in m ...


In the 1990s, based on the results of studies using β2M, CD4 or CD8 knockout mice, several groups reported that the main effector cells responsible for skin or organ allograft rejection were non‐T, non‐NK cells. Similarly, we demonstrated that in an animal model of transplantation of BALB/c (H‐2d) skin onto or Meth A (H‐2d) tumor cells into C57BL/6 (H‐2b) mice, AIM, which expressed iNOS, IL‐12, and IL‐18, were the main effector cells and also that they were cytotoxic against syngeneic tumor cells. Here, we examined whether the same population of macrophages could react with two distinct types of target cell. When BALB/c skin or Meth A tumor cells were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, cytotoxic activity against the allograft was induced in the transplantation site on days 5–14 and was recovered in non‐adherent cells after a 20‐min incubation in a serum‐coated dish, suggesting the induction of a type of AIM (AIM‐1) in the transplantation site. The AIM‐1‐expressing receptors for H‐2DdKd antigens had no cytotoxic activity against syngeneic tumor cells. In contrast, AIM‐2, which were recovered in the fraction adherent to the serum‐coated dish, exhibited cytotoxic activities against various types of tumor cells, whereas they were inactive toward BALB/c skin. AIM expressed iNOS (AIM‐1 < AIM‐2), IL‐12 (AIM‐1 > AIM‐2), and IL‐18 (AIM‐2 alone) mRNAs. These results indicate that after allografting, two distinct types of cytotoxic AIM were induced in the transplantation site, one against the allografted skin or tumor (AIM‐1) and the other against allogeneic or syngeneic tumor cells (AIM‐2).


Copper-catalyzed 1,3-aminoazidation of arylcyclopropanes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) and trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) has been developed, providing various 1,3-diamine derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.


to another issue of (IN)SECURE filled with a variety of hot topics. It!s been a busy summer and we have a lot on the table for you. I had the pleasure to visit Greece earlier this month for the 1st NIS Summer School. From what I!ve seen, information and network security in Europe are in good hands. More about this fine event at page 13. In other news, Jo Stewart-Rattray, who was one of the authors featured in the November 2007 issue of (IN)SECURE, wanted to apologize for omitting proper attribution in her article-"Information Security, the Nuts and Bolts". The attribution that should have been included is " Information Security Governance: Guidance for Boards of Directors and Executive Management, 2nd Edition " , IT Governance Institute, 2006. The article has been removed from our archives as soon as questions have been raised and we are satisfied with her prompt response. Mirko Zorz Chief Editor Visit the magazine website at www.insecuremag.com Distribution (IN)SECURE Magazine can be freely distributed in the form of the original, non modified PDF document. Distribution of modified versions of (IN)SECURE Magazine content is prohibited without the explicit permission from the editor. ArcSight announced a new release of ArcSight Logger that provides "forensics on the fly." This capability, now available across the entire ArcSight SIEM platform, enables IT and forensics teams to quickly conduct informative top-down investigations. These teams can immediately drill down into source events from dashboards, reports , searches, and alerts both in real-time and in support of after-the-fact compliance audits. Kaspersky Lab announced the North American release of Kaspersky Internet Security 2009 and Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2009. Kaspersky has entirely rebuilt its award-winning anti-malware security engine. Kaspersky Internet Security 2009 and Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2009 are engineered for speed and are packed with a first-of-its-kind arsenal of tools to help to protect computer users from the rapid growth of malicious cybercrime at-Trusted Computer Solutions announced new compliance features for both the standalone and enterprise versions of Security Blanket. Security Blanket is a system lock-down and security management solution that enables system administrators to automatically configure and enhance the security levels of Linux systems. The new features of Security Blanket provide compliance guidelines for organizations with industrial control systems (ICS), companies that process credit card transactions , and government agencies accessing classified data. IdentiPHI announced its flagship enterprise security software product , SAFsolution 5, has been verified as …


all great dramatic characters of the nineteenth century, Ibsen's have undoubtedly remained most controversial. Equally impressive arguments have been brought forth either to demonstrate that they truly reveal or to suggest that they are but puppets fabricated by a gloomy master. Among his early admirers were those who did not hesitate to subscribe to the playwright's notion of a divine call he must obey, such as he defined it in a letter to the king in 1866: "I am not fighting for a sinecure but for the life task which, so I believe, God has imposed upon me; a mission which, it seems to me, is the most important and the most needed one for Norway: to arouse our people and to teach them a generous, heroic, and noble concept of life."1 In this camp, idolatry could produce a book entitled Christ or Ibsen in which the dramatist is hailed and haloed as the founder of a new religion. In a similar spirit, Heilborn, e.g., offered tribute to the master's genius when comparing his dramatic figures with the heroes of Dostoyevsky's novels ". . . whose mystery increases as you slowly seem to come closer to them, but when you leave an Ibsen character, you have entered into his most secret thoughts and motivations so that he has become all clear." [sic]2 More soberly but persuasively James Joyce voiced the feelings of many Ibsen followers at the turn of the century: "Through the perplexities of diverse criticism the great genius of the man is day by day coming out as a hero comes out amidst the earthly trials. The dissonant cries are fainter and more distant, the random


S equences have been fascinating topic for mathematicians for centuries. The Fibonacci sequences are a source of many nice and interesting identities. Coupled Fibonacci sequences of integers in which the elements of one sequence are part of the generalization of the other and vice versa. K.T.Atanassov was first introduced coupled Fibonacci sequences of second order in additive from. In this paper, we present some properties of multiplicative coupled Fibonacci sequences of fourth order under specific scheme.


Since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) incident in 2011, diverse and long-term social influences on the local community and the public have been reported. In particular, discrimination and prejudice associated with radiation exposure have had crucial social impacts. To avoid their prolonged effect, it is important to offer knowledge and fact-based information about radiation to the public. Although there has been varied information encouraging the discrimination and prejudice, which has caused social problems, little is known about the specific impacts and causes. On 27 January 2022, five former prime ministers in Japan sent a letter to the President of the European Union Commission, Mr von der Leyen, to oppose the consideration of nuclear power as a renewable energy [1]. The letter said, 'Many children in Fukushima are suffering from thyroid cancer.' Many criticised this claim for its lack of scientific basis and of consideration for the affected residents, and as an expression that encouraged discrimination and prejudice among children in Fukushima. For example, on 1 February, Minister Yamaguchi of the Ministry of the Environment, and on 2 February, current Prime Minister Kishida and Governor Uchibori of Fukushima Prefecture issued a series of statements protesting this expression lacking consideration, which had promoted discrimination. This became a major social issue, covered by the mainstream Japanese media every day. In response, on 4 February, the Radiation Medical Science Center (RMSC) for the Fukushima Health Management of Fukushima Medical University issued a statement to the affected residents saying, 'We recognize that dispelling the discriminations and prejudices associated with the FDNPP incident is one of the most important issues. No relationship between thyroid cancer and radiation exposure has been reported, and an increase in cancer rates, including thyroid cancer, and genetic effects in the future are not expected [2].' Furthermore, a resolution criticising this incident was approved in the Liberal Democratic Party on 7 February [3]. In fact, it has been reported that thyroid cancer is estimated not to increase because of radiation exposure related to the FDNPP incident. In March 2021, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation (UNSCEAR) reported that the absorbed dose of thyroid in Fukushima was significantly lower than that of the Chernobyl accident [4], and the possibility of a large number of radiation-induced thyroid cancers occurring in Fukushima Prefecture is very low, as in the case of the Chernobyl accident. The Fukushima Health Management Survey's Oversight Committee has not identified relationships between radiation exposure from the nuclear accident and subsequent detection of thyroid cancer, based on data through July 2019. This case implies that the long-term discrimination and prejudice related to the FDNPP incident are encouraged by political issues and are easily exploited for political purposes, for example, all of a sudden being associated with a big social event, such as the Olympics. In the past bid for the 2013 Olympics in Buenos Aires, news of the FDNPP incident was broadcasted repeatedly in the rooms where the IOC members stayed. The Tokyo Olympics was called 'the Olympics for Reconstruction for the FDNPP incident,' and former Prime Minister Abe's statement that 'the message from Futaba Town in Fukushima will be a symbol of reconstruction' was criticised with a great deal of anger from the residents living in temporary housing. In addition, a few foreign government officials have associated the Tokyo Olympics with radioactive contamination [5]. On 5 August 2019, the result of a South Korean public opinion survey showed that 68.9%


We derive the fading number of a general (not necessarily Gaussian) single-input multiple-output (SIMO) fading channel with memory, where the transmitter and receiver—while fully cognizant of the probability law governing the fading process—have no access to the fading realization. It is demonstrated that the fading number is achieved by IID circularly-symmetric inputs of log squared-magnitude that is uniformly distributed over a signal-to-noise (SNR) dependent interval. The upper limit of the interval is the logarithm of the allowed transmit power, and the lower limit tends to infinity sub-logarithmically in the SNR. Among the new ingredients in the proof is a new theorem regarding input distributions that escape to infinity. Upper and lower bounds on the fading number for SIMO Gaussian fading are also presented. Those are computed explicitly for stationary m-th order autoregressive AR(m) Gaussian fading processes.


The performance of information retrieval is dependent upon how effectively the documents can be ranked according to numeric similarity measure between the query and the document. The cosine and Jaccard are commonly used similarity measures. The authors have presented new similarity measure by combining Cosine and Jaccard similarity measures using fuzzy logic. The experiments are performed on CACM data collection. The proposed hybrid similarity measure gives better results than other two similarity measures.


There is a need for Congress to have a continuing evaluation of the nation's mineral and fuel position, as described in the Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970. Steps are being taken by the Department of the Interior and the Bureau of Mines to provide this evaluation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 643------------


This chapter provides an overview of secondary general music (SGM), including background, variations of courses, and curricular considerations. The chapter details goals for SGM courses and provides an overview of common characteristics among adolescents who are SGM students, preservice music teachers, and in-service teachers. It emphasizes the value of learner autonomy and ownership through frameworks of community music and informal learning and recommends a balance of pedagogical and andragogical teaching approaches. The chapter describes ways in which SGM teachers and teacher educators might conceptualize roles and challenges of teaching general music for middle and high school students, including topics such as music technology and popular music, considerations for special learners, and methods course fieldwork.


This article considers the importance of the German Enigma and Lorenz codes cracking by the allies through the analitical work developed by many mathematicians, which had vital consequences for the nazi defeat in the 2nd World War, shortening it by around two years.


ABSTRACT:Key stresses in some rural areas of the more-developed world reflect the tensions between local resource conditions, broader political control, conflicting perceptions of threats, and related management options. For Willapa Bay and its surroundings, historical changes, relevant science, state regulatory actions, and viewpoints expressed in the media illuminate circumstances in a distinctive rural area. An important concern is on management of invasive aquatic species and the status of the oyster industry. Origins of species, pressures, changes, and impacts vary. Both local and nonlocal policy and management decisions affect conditions in this social-ecological system. Control of ghost shrimp and cordgrass to maintain oyster farming has depended on the use of pesticides, but perceptions of the safety and need for pesticide use vary, especially between shellfish producers and urban dwellers.


Cement the main binding ingredient in concrete is becoming expensive and its production contributing to environmental pollution by emitting CO2 gases that are the main cause of global warming so efforts are being taken to utilize local natural or solid waste resources as a supplementary cementing material.RHA is a by-product of paddy industry, highly reactive pozzolana which is produced by burning rice husk at controlled temperatures. FA is collected from the combustion air-stream exiting the power plant. Fly ash is pozzolanic, which means it's a siliceous or siliceous-and-aluminous material that reacts with calcium hydroxide to form a cement. WGP Glass is amorphous and contains a large amount of silicon and calcium. Thus it can be claimed that it is pozzolanic or even cementitious in nature even when it is finely ground, waste glass powder is formed from grinding industry by grinding waste glass obtained from lights bulbs, bottles and so on. The details of experimental investigations are done to study the effect of replacing a portion of cement with rice husk ash, fly ash and waste glass powder is reported in this paper. The main aim of this work is to determine the optimum percentage of RHA, FA, and WGP as a partial replacement of cement for the conventional grade of concrete and to study the strength variation in its percentage replacement with RHA, WGP, and FA. The studies conducted on cement concrete reveal that 10% RHA,5 and 5% WGP give optimum results for cement replacement in concrete.


The purpose of this article is to briefly expose the influence of the thought of some Hispanic Jewish in Spinoza's ethics, especially in Gabirol with his books The Improvement of the Moral Qualities , Fons Vitae and Selection of Pearls ; and in Ibn Paquda and his book The Duties of the Heart , besides other Hispanic Jewish philosophers, such as Yehudah ha-Levi, as well as Muslims such as Ibn Bâyya and Ibn Hazm. The points of comparison are (and almost many of these parallelisms are never exposed): first, the value of reason in the construction of an ethical system, including geometrical exposure; second, the concept of religion; third, some stoical aspects; fourth, the conception of death; fifth, and finally, the causes of the divine election of the Hebrews as special people among other nations of Earth.


Use of mobile devices for supporting our everyday communication has become part of our daily routine. Recent statistics illustrate that the penetration of mobile devices in everyday use has reached (and in some cases even surpassed) the penetration of fixed communication devices (ITU, 2004). As a consequence, use of mobile devices for accessing data information also increases, assisted by the rapid development of new technologies especially designed to support multimedia communication. Within the next years, thirdgeneration (3G) wireless services will proliferate, offering multimedia capabilities such as streaming video (BERGINSIGHT, 2005; Raghu, Ramesh, & Whinston, 2002; UMTS forum, 2005). All of these, combined with the establishment of Internet and portal technology as the standard way for information exchange, entertainment, and communication, have created a new scenery that is characterized by access to data "anywhere," "anytime," and by "anyone" (or "any means"). Design issues concerning the particularities of access devices, communication technologies, and volume of information exchanged are very important in the provision of mobile portal services (Microsoft, 2006). In this article, we address the issue of providing portal services to users with portable devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or smartphones. We propose a reference architecture for providing mobile portal services, based on the distribution of information between the portal servers and the user devices.


To facilitate the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources, understanding and evaluating system strength becomes one of the central questions for the resilient operation of power systems. However, this is a very challenging and nuanced task, currently without a clear consensus in the industry and academia. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the proposed notion for system strength, followed by a consequent introduction of a novel classification. Furthermore, an exhaustive examination of present system strength evaluation methods is performed. Finally, a critical outlook on remaining and emerging challenges of system strength evaluation is presented, with several key recommendations for future research directions.


Magnetic skyrmions are topologically stable spin swirling particle like entities which are appealing for next generation spintronic devices. The expected low critical current density for the motion of skyrmions makes them potential candidates for future energy efficient electronic devices. Several heavy metal/ferromagnetic (HM/FM) systems have been explored in the past decade to achieve faster skyrmion velocity at low current densities. In this context, we have studied Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures in which skyrmions have been stabilized at room temperature (RT). It has been observed that the shape of the skyrmions are perturbed even by the small stray field arising from low moment magnetic tips while performing the magnetic force microscopy (MFM), indicating presence of low pinning landscape in the samples. This hypothesis is indeed confirmed by the low threshold current density to drive the skyrmions in our sample, at velocities of few ∼10 m s−1.


Based on the phenomena of laser supported combustion or detonation wave induced by the interaction between the high-intensity laser and material,a new method is present for diagnosing the ignition threshold of laser supported detonation wave by measuring the jump of the sound peak pressure of laser-target plasma.The ignition threshold can be obtained by analyzing the jump stage between laser power density and the sound peak pressure of laser-target plasma,which generates on the surface of target due to interaction between Nd∶YAG laser whose wavelength is 1064nm and aluminum target.The test results are largely in accord with those form other methods.The experiment result is helpful to understand the mechanism and process of the interaction between the laser and the matter.


In [lJ, the interaction between forced and parametric oscillations in a quasi-linear oscillating system with two degrees' of freedom has been_studied: both mentioned oscillations occur in the mode (y); the forced one results from an external excitation in the fundamental resonance, directly acting on (y); the parametric oscillation (by means of nonlinearities) is indirectly excited by the forced non-resonant oscillation of the mode (x). It has been shown that if the indirectly excited parametric oscillation is very intense, the resonance curve consists of three branches the left and right of "hyperbolic" form and the middle of "parabolic" form.


In order to provide Industrial Intelligent Instrument with low-cost interface of the standard current signal,a standard PWM voltage signal was generated by the microprocessor,the low pass filter was used for producing a voltage signal which was proportion to PWM's duty rate from PWM.This voltage signal generated a steady standard current signal via V/I convert circuit.Self-calibration function was achieved through software,single power supply and signal isolation technologies were used also.By this means,the system with the low price and the simple structure isn't sensitivity to the component's parameter and measure range can be adjusted conveniently,and the standard current signal circuit was used widely in design of electric linear valve actuator controller.


Young Hak Park, MD, PhD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel +82-2-3779-1054 Fax +82-2-786-1149 E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com Background and Objectives Radiesse is a widely used calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) injection material used for vocal fold injection. Recently, a new CaHA injection material (Facetem) which complements the structural disadvantages of Radiesse has been developed and released in the market. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and short-term voice outcome of these two CaHA materials. Subjects and Method A retrospective analysis was performed for 70 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis who underwent vocal fold injection using CaHA materials. Acoustic voice analysis, maximal phonation time (MPT), voice handicap index (VHI), and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS) scale were evaluated between Radiesse and Facetem injection group. Results Both groups showed a signifcant improvement of MPT, VHI, and G, B, A scale after injection. The Facetem group showed similar voice improvement as the Radiesse group, where preand postoperatively objective and subjective voice evaluation results were compared. Conclusion Our study reveals that there is no significant difference in efficacy and nor any short-term vocal improvement between Radiesse and Facetem. Therefore, the use of Facetem as CaHA injection material could be considered as an alternative material for patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2019;62(10):575-82


Photo by Mika Baumeister on Unsplash
INTORDUCTION
In March of 2022, New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy announced that the state would no longer mandate face masks for students, staff, and visitors at schools and childcare centers. Two-thirds of New Jersey residents already supported this decision.[1] Soon after, Princeton University led the way in learning to live with the virus by making the use of masks optional in most situations. At a time when vaccination rates were already high and Omicron hospitalization rates were falling, the decision to relax mask mandates was the right call.
Yet, Rutgers University has extended its mask mandate for the rest of the academic year, with no stated endpoint. In a university-wide email, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Antonio Calcado announced:

The university has been clear that the science and data would guide our path forward with respect to the health and safety of our community… Use of appropriate face coverings will still be required in all teaching spaces (classrooms, lecture halls, seminar rooms, etc.), teaching labs, computer labs, buses, libraries, and clinical facilities.[2]

Despite the university's purported commitment to follow "the science and data," there has been a noticeable lack of transparency regarding the scientific rationale and official endpoint for this extension of the mask mandate.
Given the same set of scientific data available, these neighboring universities came to opposite conclusions on the need for continued mask mandates. Notably, the Rutgers mask mandate continues to require students to mask in libraries but not in crowded cafeterias. These discrepancies have led to understandable frustration among members of the Rutgers community. In response, the Rutgers student newspaper objects to "the sense of optics" and "the lack of clear communication," resulting in "confusion," arguing that the university administration "needs to be more transparent" and "must communicate and explain the policy changes more effectively."[3] At a time when trust in public health institutions is at an all-time low, Ava Kamb warns that a lack of transparent messaging can reduce public trust even further.[4] Instead, Kamb argues that public health mandates should use the least restrictive means necessary in order to promote health and civil liberties at the same time.
The ethical question is whether university mask mandates should be relaxed. I argue that the use of face masks by healthy individuals has uncertain benefits, which potential harms may outweigh, and should therefore be voluntary.
ANALYSIS
Rutgers intends "the science and data" to guide its path forward. As such, it is worth revisiting the controversial science behind mask mandates. From 2019 to 2020, systematic reviews by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections concluded that the use of face masks by healthy individuals in the community lacks effectiveness in reducing viral transmission based on moderate-quality evidence.[5] Neither study concerned COVID-19 specifically. Since then, the only two randomized controlled trials of face masks published during the pandemic found little to no benefit.[6] Yet, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cite many observational and modeling studies (based on empirical assumptions) which suggest that community masking is beneficial.[7] These studies support a larger benefit associated with masking, but they use less reliable research methods. Based on these non-randomized data and mechanistic plausibility, WHO's current position is also supportive of community masking recommendations. But without high-quality evidence, it is difficult to justify a requirement rather than a recommendation.
It may be useful to draw an ethical distinction between a recommendation and a mandate in public health. A public health recommendation does not generally undermine individual autonomy because individuals have the choice to follow the recommendation. I argue that recommendations may be justified by a lower standard of proof or a lesser expected benefit precisely because they do not violate individual autonomy. On the other hand, a public health mandate demands compliance using the threat of penalty. To ethically justify an infringement of autonomy, strong evidence that demonstrates a significant health benefit should support a public health mandate. While the recommendation to use masks in accordance with personal preference may be a reasonable precaution—particularly for vulnerable individuals—the higher standards of evidence and benefit that would ethically justify mask mandates have not been met.
Notwithstanding, one might argue the precautionary principle justifies mask mandates. For example, Chinese CDC Director-General George Gao, medical researcher Trisha Greenhalgh, and others espouse such a view.[8] The precautionary principle holds that it is better to be safe than sorry. In the context of COVID-19, the principle has been used to advocate for public health measures which lack high-quality evidence. Accordingly, it might be thought that it is safer to implement potentially ineffective mask mandates than to risk forgoing a lifesaving benefit. Yet, the precautionary principle is an ill-defined concept that is philosophically problematic. Health economist Jay Bhattacharya and epidemiologist Sunetra Gupta argue that the precautionary principle cuts both ways because a public health mandate without high-quality evidence has both potential benefits and potential harms.[9] If the precautionary principle can justify implementing mask mandates due to the risk of forgoing possible benefit, then it might also be able to justify not implementing mask mandates due to the risk of potential harm caused by the intervention.
It is commonly thought that there is little to lose from the use of face masks, but this is not necessarily true. According to WHO, CDC, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the harms of face masks may include headaches, difficulty breathing, skin lesions, difficulty communicating, a false sense of security, environmental pollution, impaired learning, delayed psychosocial development, and disadvantages for individuals with cognitive or mental disorders.[10] These include both potential and observed harms drawn from the scientific literature. Yet, the negative side effects of masks remain significantly under-investigated. For example, there is emerging mechanistic evidence that prolonged mask use or reuse increases both inhaled and environmental microplastics, the long-term effects of which are unknown.[11] The harms related to communication, learning, and psychosocial development are particularly problematic for educational institutions, whose mission is to promote these very things. It is, therefore, possible that masks have done more harm than good.
While many observational studies and models support the potential benefits of masks, some interpret these studies to mean that masks clearly work. However, the limited body of randomized data paints a less optimistic picture and cannot be used to rule out an increase in infection from masks.[12] Other types of studies, less reliable research methods, do rule this out and support masking. Bhattacharya and Gupta would argue that it is safer to encourage voluntary, evidence-based interventions than to foist these potential harms upon individuals for the sake of uncertain benefits.
It remains unclear whether and to what extent the use of face masks by healthy individuals in the community influenced COVID-19 mortality. However, it is clear to me that community masking does not meet the higher standard of evidence necessary to justify a mandate and that mask use is associated with potential harm. The already tenuous case for masks continues to weaken with a mixed body of evidence, the availability of effective pharmaceuticals, and widespread natural immunity to COVID-19. If public health should aim for the least restrictive means necessary to promote health while respecting civil liberties, then the extension of burdensome mask mandates which lack high-quality evidence is ethically problematic.
CONCLUSION
Given the current state of COVID-19, a university mask mandate for a low-risk population with high levels of immunity is not justified. In times of fear and uncertainty, higher education institutions ought to make reasoned policy decisions guided by "the science and data." It would seem that, of the universities that mandated masks, Princeton has emerged as a national leader in mask policy while Rutgers lags behind. Schools across the nation should take note.
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[1] Rutgers University Eagleton Institute of Politics. Two-thirds of New Jerseyans agree with lifting school mask mandate, most comfortable returning to normal; half think NJ has done "just right" on pandemic. Accessed May 14, 2022. https://eagletonpoll.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Rutgers-Eagleton-Poll-COVID-March-7-2022.pdf
[2] Calcado AM. Return to Campus Update – January 31, 2022. Accessed May 14, 2022. https://coronavirus.rutgers.edu/changes-related-to-covid-19-protocols
[3] The Daily Targum. Rutgers' new mask policies are more than confusing. Accessed May 14, 2022. https://dailytargum.com/article/2022/04/editorial-rutgers-new-mask-policies-are-more-than-confusing
[4] Kamb A. The false choice between public health and civil liberties. Voices in Bioethics 2020;6. doi:10.7916/vib.v6i.6297.
[5] World Health Organization Global Influenza Programme. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures for mitigating the risk and impact of epidemic and pandemic influenza. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019; Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020;11(CD006207). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub5.
[6] Abaluck J, Kwong LH, Styczynski A, et al. Im


Reproductive isolation is essential to the formation and maintenance of new species. Understanding the mechanism of reproductive isolation is fundamental in biological science. Reproductive isolation occurred between the indica and japonica subspecies in rice. However, mechanisms of prezygotic reproductive isolation in rice are poorly understood, which require further investigation. In this study, we have investigated the adherence and germination of the pollens using 17 crosses from a total of 12 varieties representative of indica , japonica , and wide-compatibility varieties. Prezygotic reproductive isolation was observed between the indica and japonica subspecies, which showed that the average pollen adhered was less than 5 per stigma in 2/3 inter-subspecific crosses. However, the average number of adherent pollen was more than 5 per stigma in 3/4 intra-subspecific crosses and all the crosses with the wide-compatibility varieties. Various abnormalities of pollen tube growth were observed in inter-subspecific crosses, but not in intra-subspecific crosses and crosses with the wide-compatibility varieties. The amount of the pollen adhered was irrelevant to the fertility in F1 hybrids, indicating that prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation occurred independently. The reduced affinity between the pollens and stigma in indica and japonica subspecies prevents the formation of hybrid zygotes, which contributes to prezygotic reproductive isolation in rice. Our findings provide valuable insight in understanding the mechanism of reproductive isolation and have implications for utilization of heterosis.


Triple therapy, combining a proton pump inhibitor with clarithromycin (C) and either amoxycillin (A) or a nitro‐imidazole (I) is the standard in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Recently, triple therapies based on ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) have emerged as an alternative. This review examines the current literature for studies directly comparing proton pump inhibitor‐ with RBC‐based triple therapies. Seventeen studies were identified, of which three have been published as a full paper.


The recent publication of a large selection of Diane Arbus's private papers, contact sheets and prints presents an opportunity to re-examine existing interpretations of her photography. More than merely overcoming the Sontag-based critical tradition of evaluating Arbus on moral and psychological terms, this article is concerned with widening the scope of inquiry. Areas explored include Arbus's conceptual approach to the magazine photo-essay, her ongoing failure after 1961 to publish her essays as she had conceived them, her formal and technical experimentation in pursuit of originality and snapshot-like authenticity, and the connections between her pursuit of 'insideness' and the New Journalism movement of the 1960s.


Over the past decades, there has been a rapid expansion in the number of Food Policy Groups (FPG) (including food policy councils, strategies, networks, and informal alliances) operating at municipal and regional levels across North America. FPGs are typically established with the intent of bringing together food systems stakeholders across private (e.g., small businesses, industry associations), public (e.g., government, public health, postsecondary institutions), and community (e.g., non-profits and charitable organizations) sectors to develop participatory governance mechanisms. Recognizing that food systems challenges are too often addressed in isolation, FPGs aim to instill integrated approaches to food related policy, programs, and planning. Despite growing interest, there is little quantitative or mixed methods research about the relationships that constitute FPGs or the degree to which they achieve cross-sectoral integration. Turning to Social Network Analysis (SNA) as an approach for understanding networked organizational relationships, we explore how SNA might contribute to a better understanding of FPGs. This paper presents results from a study of the Thunder Bay and Area Food Strategy (TBAFS), a FPG established in 2007 when an informal network of diverse organizations came together around shared goals of ensuring that municipal policy and governance supported healthy, equitable and sustainable food systems in the Thunder Bay region in Ontario, Canada. Drawing on data from a survey of TBAFS organizational members, we suggest that SNA can improve our understanding of the networks formed by FPGs and enhance their goals of cross-sectoral integration.


Electric and magnetic dipole moments dominate the scattering properties of small nanoparticles in optics. Ordinarily, electric dipole moments are excited by the local electric field, and magnetic dipole moments by the magnetic field. Bi-anisotropy, or magneto-electric coupling, largely enriches the electromagnetic response of materials. Similarly, in acoustics the dominant scattering contributions from objects smaller than the wavelength, monopole and dipole moments, are commonly excited by pressure and velocity, respectively. The recent interest in Willis acoustic materials, for which these responses are coupled, leads us to analyze the opportunities offered by the analogues of bi-anisotropic nanoparticles in acoustics and their relevance in practical applications to tailor sound. We also present an extraction procedure to determine the acoustic polarizability tensor of an arbitrary object and relate its bi-anisotropic response to its geometry and material properties.


Abstract During our approach to the total synthesis of pinguisone,1 we required a convenient method for preparing 2,3,4-cyclopent-2-enone (I), to be tested as a dienophile in a Diels Alder reaction. Known methods2 are not fully satisfactory either for their poor yields or because the precursors are not easily available.


The properties of UDPG → fructose transglucosylase, partially purified from immature soybeans or broad beans, were investigated. Magnesium ions had a stimulating effect on this enzyme. Evidence was presented to show that UDPG, the glucosyl group donor for sucrose synthesis, was regenerated from UDP and G-1-P in the presence of ATP.


Ion uptake by dry bean root systems was examined during a three day treatment period. Three aeration treatments were applied to split root systems where both halves were aerated, both halves were nonaerated and one half aerated and the remaining half nonaerated (localized anoxia). Ion absorption was similar for the aerated control and localized anoxia treatments. The nonaerated control absorbed 2, 40, and 60 percent of the aerated control for K + , Ca § +, and NO~-, respectively. Ion absorption by stressed plants appeared to increase directly with root growth in the aerated portions of the localized anoxia treatments. Localized anoxia resulted in greater potassium ion uptake per unit root weight and in greater root respiration rates of the aerated half of the Pinto III cultivar root system. Transpiration rates of Seafarer subjected to localized anoxia were 135% of the aerated control. The additional water use may have contributed to greater ion uptake, by mass flow, in the nonaerated portion of the localized anoxia treatment. Nutrient solutions of the nonaerated controls became more alkaline during stress than did the nonaerated portions of the localized anoxia treatments, indicating a possible direct or indirect effect of the aerated portions of the localized anoxia treatments on the corresponding nonaerated half. Compensation in ion uptake by dry bean roots subjected to localized anoxia appeared to be the result of increased root growth, greater respiration rates, greater transpiration rates and, for Pinto III, an increase in the ion uptake rate per unit root weight. This compensatory uptake of water and nutrients by the root system may be one mechanism by which roots overcome localized stress within a soil profile.


Soil, as one of the most important natural resources, is affected by several soil tillage practices, which are often applied in rates following certain soil parameters. However, where soils are heterogeneous in space and time soil information data sampled at densities that reflect the scale of spatial variability is required for the development of soil maps and decision support strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the representativeness of some sampling strategies, based on statistical analyses for the different sampling methods and supporting technologies; in particular, to evaluate three alternative sampling strategies, (A) classic average samples, (B) grid based random point samples, and (C) method based on hyperspectral remotely sensed data classification at dedicated wavelength, to find the lowest variance of the estimates associated with an optimal number of sampling points, based on soil chemical and physical properties, such as plasticity index according to Arany, capillary rise ability test and pH.


During the past few years a shortage of rotenone has resulted ia considerable effort being made to develop supplies of this material in the Americas. Plantings of Lonchocarpus have been vastly increased in South America, and many plants have been investigated in the search for new sources. In 1937, Moore (12) ^ reported, on the basis of positive Durham tests, that rotenone was present in the roots, stems, bark, and seeds of cat \^illow (indigobush) plants from Nebraska. Since this plant is abundant throughout the Mississippi Valley, iFeatherly * in 1942 suggested that it might be a worth-while source of rotenone during the war emergency. Investigation of this possibility was undertaken by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. ^ Biological analyses of samples of the fruit from numbered planta growing in the horticultural nursery, with larvae of the yellow-fever mosquito {Àedes aegypti (L.)) as the test insect, were made to determine the variation in toxic content. Methods for extracting the toxic agent and using it experimentally were also studied. Twenty-nine species of insects were tested in the laboratory to determine the insecticidal value of Amorpha Jruticosa, Some experiments were alsp conducted on its repellent characteristics.


A two-part study was done to assess medical students' attitudes to ethical issues related, to death, fear of death, and religious beliefs. Part I assessed differences between medical and other students, and Part 2 examined changes in attitudes during medical school. It was found, that medical students start out with a number of differences in their ethical attitudes, and with greater conscious fear of death, and that these attitudes and feelings remain essentially unchanged despite exposure to medical education. It is thus suggested, that attention needs to be given both to the selection of students and to the input they receive in terms of ethical issues and, death.


At the heart of the moving puzzle the world faces over the next quarter century are the diverse Muslim populations, collectively known as the "Global Muslim Community." Spanning the globe and speaking nearly every language, they are united by one faith Islam. Collectively, they make up one-fifth of the world's population and sit on 75 percent of its oil wealth. Understanding the emerging trends of these societies is perhaps the world's leading strategic imperative. But who will speak for Islam in the future on democracy, the role of women, or violence? Over six years ending in 2007, the Gallup organization undertook more than 50,000 interviews (representative of the 1.3 billion Muslims who reside in more than 35 nations with majority or significant Muslim populations) in an effort to explore current trends and examine the future. The results, reflective of more than 90 percent of the world's Muslim community, are the end product of the most comprehensive survey of its kind ever conducted; they defy conventional wisdom and the inevitability of a global conflict even as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan continue. Dealing a blow to the foundations of the "clash of civilizations" theory, our data shows a strong Muslim affinity for democratic values. Far from hating Americans for their freedom, Muslims around the world describe and admire the Western tradition of democratic governance, while seeing their faith as a source of progress and balance. Allowed the political space, leaders drawing both on democracy and Islam's rich tradition will overshadow secular liberals and conservative theocrats as the leaders of tomorrow. These Muslim democrats will appeal to Islam's self-image of justice to argue for minority rights, gender justice, and the rule of law. The focus will be heavily on economic development and job creation through free trade and entrepreneurship. This evolving future will find women at the forefront. Women comprise the majority of university students in several countries, and the percentage of women in Iran, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates (uae), and Egypt that attends university is on a par with that of Western Europe and South Korea. These women tell us that they expect their full rights and see their religion as essential to progress. Instead of a misogynistic corpus of ossified medieval edicts, Muslim women see their sacred law as a vibrant work in progress. They associate shariah compliance with "justice for women,"


The phase-scanning method for manufacturing the varied-line space (VLS) gratings is suggested first time. The control system of the VLS gratings ruling engine is given also and a ruling experiment of the VLS gratings is made to examine the novel method.


In the article the most important conflictogenic factors influencing communication nature between a teacher and a student is analyzed, some ways of minimizing conflict situations in pedagogical communication are described.


The gradual decline in juvenile hormone (JH) titer followed by its complete clearance early in the last larval instar is required for the onset of the metamorphosis of lepidopterous larvae. JH titer is regulated by both biosynthesis and degradation. Two major pathways for JH metabolism, ester hydrolysis and epoxide hydration, are due to JH esterase (JHE) and JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), respectively. In vitro experiments designed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of JH metabolism are described.

First, microsomal JHEH in Manduca sexta eggs was identified by using photoaffinity analogs of JH, and purified to homogeneity with ion exchange and hydroxylapatite columns. Purified JHEH from M. sexta eggs was kinetically characterized. The effects of pH and various reagents imply that JHEH in M. sexta eggs and mammalian microsomal EH strongly resemble each other. JH binding protein (JHBP) appears to protect JH from JHEH; however, the hydration of JH-acid is not affected by JHBP because JH-acid is not bound by JHBP, but is a good substrate for JHEH. Thus, the major function of JHEH in M. sexta eggs, which has a cytosolic JHBP, is likely to act as the ultimate scavenger for JH by hydrating JH-acid. Second, although virtually all JH exists as the JHBP·JH complex in hemolymph, JHE nonetheless effectively hydrolyzes JH in a JHBP·JH complex. Circular dichroism experiments suggest the possibility of a direct interaction between JHBP and JHE. These experimental approaches using reconstituted in vitro model systems may elucidate some of the complex interactions in the JH signaling and metabolic pathways. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Our aim in this paper is to prove the existence of solutions for a model for the proliferative-to-invasive transition of hypoxic glioma cells. The equations consist of the coupling of a reaction-diffusion equation for the tumor density and of a Cahn–Hilliard type equation for the oxygen concentration. The main difficulty is to prove the existence of a biologically relevant solution. This is achieved by considering a modified equation and taking a logarithmic nonlinear term in the Cahn–Hilliard equation.


Basing on the selection of modern approaches to the strategic innovative potential definition, found in the economic literature, this article offers the author's definition of the term. The complex scientifically-methodical approach to the formation of the trade enterprise's internal strategic potential is also offered.


Winding insulation failures within a synchronous generator cause extensive damage and are expensive to repair. The understanding of the machine behavior during internal failures is very important for the full protection of the machine. Within the literature, little is written relating to modeling, analysis, and experimental testing of synchronous generators during internal fault conditions. This paper provides a summary of an experimental approach taken to capture this phenomenon. These results discuss real-time measurements taken during controlled internal faults on a laboratory scale generator. This data were also compared to data recorded by protective relays during an evolving internal insulation failure of a 145 MVA utility generator


Abstract Duncan Purves and Nicolas Delon have argued that one's life will be meaningful to the extent that one contributes to valuable states of affairs and this contribution is a result of one's intentional actions. They then argue, contrary to some theorists' intuitions, that non-human animals are capable of fulfilling these requirements, and that this finding might entail important things for the animal ethics movement. In this paper, I also argue that things besides human beings can have meaningful existences, but I disagree with Purves and Delon's theory of meaning, and some of the practical implications they suggest arise from their conclusion. Specifically, I argue that Purves and Delon are wrong to suggest that intentional agency is necessary for one's life to be meaningful; contributing to valuable states of affairs can be sufficient by itself. Purves and Delon's objection to such a claim is that it would allow even inanimate objects' existences to count as meaningful. However, while I accept this consequence, I argue that it only seems counterintuitive because of two false beliefs they appear to hold: that some X cannot have a meaningful existence without that meaning (a) making X better off or (b) giving X reasons for pride.


The goal of treating ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is to eliminate all neoplastic squamous epithelium and prevent recurrence without causing complications or side effects. There are several recognized pathways of trying to achieve this goal but no universally accepted gold standard of treatment. Surgical excision with adjunctive cryotherapy or topical chemotherapy has been used for years with good success. Surgical excision removes the clinically macroscopic disease and confirms the histological degree of neoplasia. Adjunctive cryotherapy and chemotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate compared with surgery alone. Large tumours, however, are best not treated with surgery because of the side effects induced by large areas of limbal and conjunctival epithelial removal. Surgery and cryotherapy also fail to address clinically undetectable and sometimes widespread microscopic disease. More recently, there has been a paradigm shift to the use of topical chemotherapy as adjuncts to surgery or as primary therapy alone. The rationale for topical chemotherapy as primary treatment is that the entire ocular surface is treated, and surgical complications are prevented. The costbenefit ratio may also favour topical treatment. Mitomycin C (MMC), Interferon alpha-2b (IFN) and 5-Flurouracil (5FU) have all been reported as successful, and can be used alone or in combination depending on individual patient response and side effect profiles. Retinoic acid has also been reported to work synergistically with IFN. The concentration, dose and treatment cycles of these agents differ between studies, together with a mixed range of follow-up. As a consequence, the reported rates of success and recurrence vary widely. Recurrence of OSSN is a surrogate measure of treatment success. It is a result of inadequate elimination of primary disease or could be the growth of new disease interpreted as a recurrence. This may occur within weeks or as long as 12 years after treatment. Recurrence rates are likely to be dependent on length of follow-up, adjunctive therapy and tumour-related characteristics such as size, location, phenotype and histopathological grade. It has recently been reported that recurrence is equally as likely to occur after surgical or topical IFN treatment. In this issue, Bahrami et al. present their data on the outcome of treatment of 153 eyes of 150 patients with non-invasive OSSN. The cases are limited to lesions that are considered by the authors to be surgically excisable as this is their preferred method of treatment. Large lesions (more than five clock hours in limbal extent), invasive squamous cell carcinoma and lesions treated with chemotherapy alone are excluded. Cryotherapy was used as an adjunct to surgery except in 12 early cases. After epithelial healing, eyes were treated over non-overlapping time periods with either topical MMC 0.04% or 5FU 1% as adjunctive chemotherapy. The median follow-up was just short of 3 and 5 years for the 5FU and MMC treated eyes, respectively. The primary outcome measure was clinical recurrence and was low in both cohorts by comparison to other studies. The side effect rates were high, but not vision threatening. These results are commendable and replicate what others have shown if surgery is used as the primary therapy. Galor et al reported a large series that confirmed adjuvant cryotherapy significantly decreases the risk of recurrence, and also showed that postoperative adjuvant IFN in patients with positive histopathological margins reduced the recurrence to that of patients with negative excision margins. So what is the best treatment protocol? Unfortunately making comparisons between studies is confounded by selection and treatment bias along with variable follow-up. Most treatment protocols eventually achieve high tumour clearance rates, and recurrence is a risk regardless of the initial treatment or pathology. If toxicity is a common issue with chemotherapy, then perhaps clinical studies should explore doses and concentrations that avoid toxic side effects yet still achieve the same outcomes. Lower concentrations and shorter durations of exposure to topical


Multiple coverings of the farthest-off points ($(R,\mu)$-MCF codes) and the corresponding $(\rho,\mu)$-saturating sets in projective spaces $PG(N,q)$ are considered. We propose and develop some methods which allow us to obtain new small $(1,\mu)$-saturating sets and short $(2,\mu)$-MCF codes with $\mu$-density either equal to 1 (optimal saturating sets and almost perfect MCF-codes) or close to 1 (roughly $1+1/cq$, $c\ge1$). In particular, we provide new algebraic constructions and some bounds. Also, we classify minimal and optimal $(1,\mu)$-saturating sets in $PG(2,q)$, $q$ small.


The invention provides a circuit carrier (11) in the form of a plate having a mounting side, are provided on the components (16). According to the invention it is provided that the mounting side of the circuit carrier (11) is provided with a preferably frame-like mount (12), thereby forming a recess, in particular fixed to the load terminals, and the electrical supply lines may be enabled; Incidentally, the enclosure forms a boundary for an insulating material, in particular a thermally conductive, liquid insulating material. In this way the components (16) and their contact to be protected on the circuit carrier (11) inexpensive and reliable. In addition, the encapsulation advantageously a flat surface (18) available to form electrical connections (19) to contact elements (20).


NASA has selected a new mission that will help scientists understand and, ultimately, forecast the vast space weather system around our planet.


Proteomics which is the new and leading discipline with rapid development in life science,provides the basis in theory and technique for drug filtration,new drug exploitation,clinical diagnosis and metabolism pathway.The present paper has summarized the progress and application studying on Proteomics in aspect of fundamental biology,drug exploitation,medicine and agriculture areas.


This study determined the effectiveness of Montessori Method of Teaching, MMT on Junior Students' achievement in measuration. The study was carried out in Education Zone B of Benue State, Nigeria using a sample size of 224 junior secondary 1(JSS1) students. It was a non equivalent quasi-experimental study which was guided by two research questions and three hypotheses. The instrument Measuration Achievement Test (MAT) constructed by the researchers with a reliability coefficient of 0.76 was used as pre and post tests though reshuffled each time. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at P<.05 using a 2-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results from the analysis revealed that students exposed to MMT were superior in achievement than those taught with Conventional Method. Thus there was significant difference between the mean scores of students taught measuration with MMT and those taught with the Conventional in achievement (F1, 223=113.376, p=0.000). Gender was also found statistically significant (F1,223=9.129.003). The study therefore recommended training of mathematics teachers on the use of Montessori Method in their daily lesson especially in measuration with a view to making learning of mathematics meaningful, relevant and interesting.


12CO and 13CO J = 6-5 observations of IRC +10 216 with the JCMT are presented. A spherically symmetric radiative transfer code is used to model these and other CO observations of the carbon star IRC~+10~216/CW Leo. Compared to previously published model calculations a much larger set of observational data is used as constraints.
A grid of models is calculated with the following parameters: luminosity, mass loss rate, dust-to-gas ratio, dust opacity and CO abundance. A comparison with CO J = 1-0 data obtained from the literature points towards a preferred luminosity of 10000-15000 \lsol. Notwithstanding the overall good agreement, there remain discrepancies.
The best fitting models (for each of the considered luminosities) cannot accommodate the more extended emission seen in the mapping data. To fit the data for radial offsets >50\arcsec the mass loss rate must be a factor of 5 higher in the outer envelope.
A comparison is made between the mass loss rates and dust-to-gas ratios derived from the CO modelling and those derived from our previous dust modelling. The best agreement is obtained for the model with 15000 \lsol.
We conclude that the likely luminosity of IRC +10 216 is between 10000 and 15000 \lsol and that its distance is between 110 and 135 pc. The present-day mass loss rate is (1.5 $\pm$ 0.3) $\times 10^{-5}$ \msolyr and the gas-to-dust ratio is a 700 $\pm$ 100. The dust opacity at 60 $\mu$m is found to be of order of 250 cm$^2$gr$^{-1}$. The CO abundance is 1.1 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ relative to H$_2$.


This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital teaching materials oriented to multicultural education in improving students' pluralist attitudes. The type of research method used is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest design with a control group design. The sample used was 108 grade V elementary school students in Setiabudi sub-district who were selected by the probability sampling technique. The results of this study prove that the use of digital teaching materials oriented to multicultural education has a significant value so that it is effectively used in improving students' pluralistic attitudes. This digital teaching material allows students to analyze moral values conveyed through story content. The results of this study can provide contributions and solutions for education practitioners in order to instill multicultural education since elementary school age so as to create a pluralist generation of youth with diversity.


There have been leaps and bounds in the context of teaching and learning of languages around the world. However, with the booming of the 4.0 revolution, education must obey to the new rules. Among all educational tools, Podcast (pre-recorded audio file) is a prominent one. This technology tool in teaching and learning languages should be the future of education for its convenience and foreseeable benefits. The concept of learning languages can be changed completely with this tool as the duration of mastering a language will be shortened to a third of the traditional way. Thanks to this tool, thousands of learners have been able to successfully learned their preferred languages only by using this tool. Hence, to really prove the productivity of this tool to Vietnamese learners in particular, this paper digs into the insights of Podcast in the English language education.


ABSTRACT This article describes how Finnish health education teachers reflect on their views of multiliteracy and the instructional practices they used to implement it. Narrative interviews were conducted among eight junior high school and high school teachers. Nexus analysis was used to guide the analysis on the teachers' views and practices. The results indicate that the study participants considered the promotion of multiliteracy to be part of their work as a health education teacher and they implemented multiliteracy instruction in diverse ways, such as assigning information-seeking and production tasks, or by creating role-playing games. However, the study revealed tensions between need-based literacy teaching and curriculum-steered multiliteracy promotion as well as common and novel teaching practices. At its best, reflecting on these tensions can serve as a steppingstone toward professional change and development.


A pilot scheme is described under which weekly reports of the number of patients seen by general practitioners for the first time with certain specified diseases (six communicable and eight non‐communicable) were received, together with additional information. One doctor reported from each of 12 towns in New South Wales, 10 in the central part of the State. The scheme was supported by a limited virological diagnostic service. A consolidation of the reports was sent weekly to all doctors and local government authorities in the areas where the information originated; the bulletin Included short informative items.


This is a report on the avalanche hazard area of Rebun-island, northern Hokkaido, researched on March and August in 1966.1. There are slopes of marine terraces along the coast, on which snow-cornice and -drift are usually formed by heavy wind in winter. They often developed to snow avalanches and caused large damages.2. From late February to early March in 1966, air temperature became very high and many ground avalanches broke out. The layer of depth hoar or of wet granular appeared to play an important part in these avalanches formation and release. Potential Magnitude (P.M.) of these avalanches were generally 3.0-4.0 and maximum 5.1.3. The earth wind-baffle on the terrace is successful. On the longer slope, however, it is necessary to make both, the wind-baffle on the terrace and the defence structure in the sliding zone.


This article analyzes an actual case that strategic planning service for a target customer, arranges the demand of scientific and technology intelligence in the stage of strategic planning, constructs the analysis framework about the purpose and significance, support object, support content, and support means or methods of science and technology policy. This article also proposes the scientific and technology intelligence methods and paths to meet the needs of customer, provides a reference for the policy makers themselves or to seek experts.


We report the structural and longitudinal piezoelectric responses (d33) of epitaxial Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) films on (001) SrTiO3 and Si substrates in the thickness range of 40nm–4μm. With increasing film thickness the tetragonality of PZT was reduced. The increase in d33 value with increasing film thicknesses was attributed to the reduction of substrate constraints and softening of PZT due to reduced tetragonality. The d33 values of PZT films on Si substrates (∼330pm∕V) are higher than those on SrTiO3 substrates (∼200pm∕V). The epitaxial PZT films on silicon will lead to the fabrication of high performance piezoelectric microelectromechanical devices.


What influences the thinking and decision processes of donors when they engage in philanthropy? This study employed developmental psychology to explore this question. Developmental theorists agree that an adult develops in sequential stages over the course of a lifetime, gradually adopting an increasingly complex mental map. An individual's developmental stage at any point in time, theorists argue, is made manifest as a type of "action logic" through which the individual interprets his/her external world and internal experience. One's action logic is subtle and, for most of one's life, operates outside of conscious awareness. It becomes evident, however, through attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors. In recent years, some theorists have developed techniques to measure an individual's developmental level. Stage theories of development have been used successfully for a variety of purposes in a number of fields. To date, however, neither the theory nor the associated measurement techniques have been employed to study philanthropic giving. This study, which represents the first step in a long-term research agenda, explored how the action logics of a sample of donors affect philanthropic giving. The purpose was to (1) identify donors' action logics, (2) explore what types of influences a donor's action logic may have on a donor's philanthropic decisions; and (3) determine how, if at all, a donor seeks feedback from others or engages in self-reflection regarding his/her philanthropic agenda. The study, which included 11 participants, employed a four-phase mixed-methods design. First, qualitative interviews were conducted and data generated were developed into cases studies using a process characterized as narrative analysis. Second, developmental theory was used to code the data and hypothesize about each participant's developmental level(s). Third, three formal tests of trustworthiness were implemented to test the qualitative analysis: member checking of the narrative analysis, triangulation with the results of the Global Leadership Profile instrument, and a formal research audit of three cases. Finally, a cross-case analysis highlighted key themes from the qualitative data. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I wish to acknowledge the eleven individuals who bravely participated in this study. I am deeply humbled by and indebted to each and every one of you. You know who you are. Thank you. This research would not have been possible without the thoughtful guidance of my committee: Robert Donmoyer, Ph.D., Fred Galloway, Ed.D., and Zachary Green, Ph.D. Individually and collectively you have improved both the robustness of this study and my skills as a researcher. I hope to one day mentor others as you have each mentored me. Thank you. I am also grateful for the individuals who served as research auditors or as practitioner reviewers for this study. Research auditors include Elizabeth Castillo, Sean Horrigan, and Jessica Williams. Practitioner reviewers include David Daniel, Joan Michaud, and Shannon Stubblefield. I appreciate your time, your insights, and your willingness to explore this work with me. There are a number of other individuals who provided feedback on different aspects of this work. These individuals include attendees at the University of San Diego's 2015 Board Governance conference, members of the University of San Diego's 2014 Adult Development class, and my students in National University's Worldview and Adult Development course. Sharing this research in these venues has offered invaluable opportunities to reflect upon and improve this work. I am also indebted to my experiences at the Institute for Nonprofit Education and Research and to the Caster Family Center for Nonprofit and Philanthropic Research. Specifically, I am grateful for the mentorship of Pat Libby, Laura Deitrick, Ph.D., and


Self-assembled organic monolayers serve for modifying the work function of inorganic substrates. We examine the role of the molecular backbone in determining monolayer-adsorbed work function, by considering the adsorption of dithiols with either a partially conjugated or a saturated backbone on the GaAs(001) surface. Using a combination of chemically resolved electrical measurements based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact potential difference, together with first principles electronic structure calculations, we are able to distinguish quantitatively between the contributions of the band bending and surface dipole components. We find that the substrates coated by partially conjugated layers possess a larger band-bending, relative to that of the substrates coated by saturated layers. This is associated with an increased density of surface states, likely related to the presence of oxygen. At the same time, the samples coated by partially conjugated layers also possess a larger bond-dipole, with...


In the present study, viscous fingering phenomenon, which occurs when a less viscous fluid (e.g. supercritical carbon dioxide) is injected into simplified porous media to displace a more viscous fluid (e.g. crude oil), is investigated by a mesoscopic approach-the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Due to its convenience in dealing with complex fluids of different viscosities, the pseudo-potential model is employed to study the effects of the capillary number, Bond number and viscosity ratio between the displaced fluids and displacing fluid; as such effects reflect the competition of viscous force and surface tension and gravity forces during viscous fingering. The numerical procedure is validated against a series of droplet tests, in which surface tension can be determined. By changing the injecting velocity of the displacing fluid and gravitational acceleration, the displacement processes under conditions of different capillary number and Bond number are investigated. The finger pattern is presented in this paper. The effects of capillary number, Bond number and viscosity ratio are discussed in detail. The ability and suitability of the lattice Boltzmann method for simulating multi-component fluids displacement in porous media are proved in our work.


Memories of specific life episodes, termed personal event memories, have only recently become a focus of systematic research. In this article, memories of momentous events are analyzed from a functional perspective. First, personal event memory is defined. Second, research on the temporal organization of specific memories across the life span is described. Third, psychological functions served by remembering momentous events are illustrated. Fourth, variations in the structure and content of autobiographical memory are identified. Finally, potential connections to clinical and educational practice are discussed.


Outlook is the email client in the Microsoft office package, which has become one of the most widely applied email processing systems in the personal and commercial office environment. This paper studies the password recovery for various accounts in Outlook and we find the method of online recovery by exploiting the Windows cryptographic interface DPAPI for sensitive data. This recovery method enables one to retrieve his password very conveniently. Furthermore, we investigate the inner workings of encryption and decryption functions in DPAPI and present a detailed analysis on the encrypted data type, storage structure, cryptographic algorithm and key generation. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time we give the way of offline password recovery which could be remarkably helpful in the computer forensics.


Revenue Management (RM) is a subfield of operations research that aims at maximizing revenues acquired by selling perishable products/services in a specified period. Due to the substantial growth in air cargo industry over the past few years, some techniques are needed to maximize revenue. In this paper, space allocation problem in two cases including overbooking possibility and impossibility are studied. Since the proposed dynamic programming needs much memory for obtaining exact solution, three heuristics including deterministic integer linear programming (DILP), bid price (BP) and dynamic programming decomposition (DPD) are proposed. Results show that BP and DILP performance is better than other approaches. In addition, results show that when overbooking is possible, it leads to revenue increment by more than 10 percent.


In the mid of the world bustle, civilization and technology development, many Christian are ignoring the Biblical holiness standards. Apparently, enthusiasm in discussing, learning and understanding about holiness values and standards is very less. Some people think that it is too hard to be achieved and experienced. God calls His people to be a holy and pleasing in His sight. In New Testament Understanding when God calls His people, He will not let them walk alone. The works of God through the Holy Spirit will help and equip believers to live their life. Through the gift of the Holy Spirit, believers equipped and given a new "position" that might believers grow in it and please God through their new identity.


The managerial change in museums is unprecedented. Their management is entrusted to professionals whose aesthetic skills play a peripheral role in relation to recreational, educational and social functions. How is the identity of conservatives being built today ? From interviews (2018), a reflexive approach makes it possible to highlight that museum institutional membership presupposes a strong transversality of professional activity.


Abstract This review examines three sources of evidence about the effects of school instructional uses of computers on student achievement: national surveys of utilization practices, research reviews of the effectiveness of computer‐assisted instruction (CAI), and recent experimental studies of CAI. The review concludes that existing evidence of computer effectiveness is scanty, and existing studies provide little guidance for schools to decide how to use computers for instruction. A new research initiative is described that combines the benefits of survey research and field experimental research to produce more conclusive findings.


This article outlines an experiential project to be used in an undergraduate consumer behavior course that encourages students to focus on the integration of course concepts into a coherent framework. The project not only illustrates how marketing strategy depends on market behavior, but also facilitates students' ability to synthesize and apply information.


Using the recently proposed concept of dynamic nuclear polarization, which enables metabolic imaging, efficient acquisition have to be applied.
Here, sequences for preclinical cardiac imaging of the metabolic substrates acetate and pyruvate were developed, and subsequently applied for the investigation of metabolic changes under pharmacological induced stress and an animal model for diabetes mellitus.


Objective It is to approach the role of IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. Methods The concentrations of IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in pleural fluid (PF) and serum were measured by sandwich ABC-ELISA and sandwich double antibody ELISA Kits in 49 patients with tuberculosis pleural effusion, and correlative factor analysis was performed. Results The concentrations of IL-10, IL-12 and TGF-β1 in PF were far higher than that in serum; but the level of TGF-β in serum was higher than that in PF (P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference between the levels of IL-18 in serum and PF. Conclusion IL-18 may be used as an adjuvant agent to enhance the efficacy of vaccine. The role of a certain cytokine isn't utility in all patients, it is related with the balance of cytokine network.


A non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes a battery device in which a positive electrode is faced to negative electrode through a separator; a non-aqueous electrolyte; a laminate film which is formed by laminating a metal layer, an outside resin layer formed in outer face of the metal layer, and an inside resin layer formed in the metal layer, and in which the battery device and the non-aqueous electrolyte is packaged by heat welding and housed; a positive electrode lead which is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and drawn from portion heat-welded of the laminate film to an exterior thereof; a negative electrode lead which is electrically connected to the negative electrode, and drawn from portion heat-welded of the laminate film to an exterior thereof; and a porous polymer layer containing, as a component, vinylidene fluoride formed between the laminate film and the battery device.


Abstract: Business in the field of public transport, especially those communities needed to help with daily activities. With a lot of public transportation offered more diverse in the city of Surabaya so that make transportation services company compete with each other. Gojek is public transportation technology based applications that provide services such as go-riding, go-cars, go-send, go-mart, go-box,and more. In the services provided gojek there are complaints from customers therefore the author makes this article to determine the effect of the quality of services provided gojek in Surabaya on customer satisfaction. Dimensions of the independent variables of research that is tangible, assurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, and the dependent variable of customer satisfaction research.Based on the results showed that the quality of service (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) has positive influence on customer satisfaction by 42.4%, while 57.6% is influenced by othervariables not examined by the researcher.


A method and apparatus for multicast communications in a multi-hop relay network are described including sending an extended request message, wherein the request message includes a multicast connection identification, multicast distribution tree information and a path identification and receiving an extended response message. Correspondingly, a method and apparatus for multicast communications in a multi-hop relay network are described including receiving an extended request message, wherein said request message includes a multicast connection identification, multicast distribution tree information and a path identification and sending an extended response message.