Background Interleukin-4 (IL-4), as the most prominent anti-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in modulating microglial activation and inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic inflammatory disorder. Objectives The current study aimed to develop a new recombinant Adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector that delivers IL-4 and then assess the counterbalancing effect of the new construct along with recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4) protein in in-vitro models of AD. Materials and Methods The rAAV-IL4 was originally prepared and then employed along with rIL-4 protein to counter Amyloid β (1-42)-induced proinflammatory cytokines in a primary microglia cell culture and the B92 rat microglia continuous cell line, using relative Real-Time PCR assay. Results Aβ (1-42) stimulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and IL18 in both the primary microglia cell culture and the B92 cell line. Both the rAAV-IL4 construct and the rIL-4 protein were found to inhibit production of the most important Aβ (1-42)-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs in the two types of cells with different patterns. Conclusions It seems that the new construct can serve as an appropriate option in the modulation of Aβ-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and microglia activation in patients affected by AD.


time, an alternative to the existing method of salary determination such as a contract system may lead to better industrial relations . . ." (p. 43); "It is suggested, however, that more study is required of the educational value of compulsory attendance" (p. 54); "There is a question as to whether parents are appropriately or adequately involved in the provision of education" (p. 59). Inevitably there is overlap in the contents of these two books, but it is surprising how much material is peculiar to only one or the other, e.g. the cases on the constitutional powers of the States which are emphasized in Birch alone. This and the different approaches and purposes of the books make them mutually complementary. Both are well worth reading.


The start of Die In Debt and the mounting of the show that got us going was a remarkable time in my development as an artist and has changed how I see myself and the world that surrounds me. I write about it because I know that it happened and because I long for the freedom I remember feeling at the outset of it all. The freedom to choose based on my understanding of the universe as opposed to any dominating one. It was a time when I discovered my own sense of entitlement, gave myself permission to create, to speak. Permission is very rarely granted. The notion is that it is, is a lie. It must be taken.


Extensive exploitation of technology is strategically planned so far only in very few research institutions and companies. Thereby a great technological as well as economic potential remains untapped. A major reason for the neglect of the exploitation potential is that a situational assessment of exploitation opportunities throughout the entire technology life cycle has not yet been systematically explored. Although individual aspects of the problem were treated, a comprehensive model considering all relevant variables, such as the technology to be exploited, the specific objectives of the research and development project and the relevant factors of the environment of the exploitation situation, has not yet been developed. In addition, the change of these factors should be taken into account throughout the technology life cycle. In order to achieve this goal all relevant variables for the exploitation decision have to be described in sub-models and later combined in a multiattribute decision model. Based on a first framework presented prior by the authors, the intended contribution of the present paper is to develop a deeper understanding of the interdependencies between the key influential factors of the exploitation situation as well as the considered sub-models. Thereby the expected developments of the sub-models for the used System Dynamics model can be modeled.


Background: CART-BCMA is an autologous T cell product engineered by lentiviral transduction to express a fully human BCMA-specific CAR with CD3ζ and 4-1BB signaling domains and expanded ex vivo using anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads. We reported early safety and clinical activity of CART-BCMA without lymphodepleting chemotherapy in highly refractory MM patients (pts) (Cohen et al, ASH 2016, #1147). Here we report extended results from this initial cohort, as well as initial safety and efficacy in additional cohorts at 2 dose levels in conjunction with cyclophosphamide (Cy). Methods: Three cohorts are being enrolled: 1) 1-5 x 108 CART cells alone; 2) Cy 1.5 g/m2 + 1-5 x 107 CART cells; and 3) Cy 1.5 g/m2 + 1-5 x 108 CART cells. CART-BCMA cells are given as split-dose infusions (10% on day 0, 30% on day 1, and 60% on day 2), with Cy given on day -3. Pts need serum creatinine (Cr) Disclosures Cohen: Bristol Meyers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Lacey: Novartis: Research Funding; Genentech: Honoraria. Lancaster: Amgen: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Vogl: Karyopharm: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Teva: Consultancy; Calithera: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Constellation: Research Funding. Weiss: Prothena: Research Funding; Alnylam: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Janssen: Research Funding; Prothena: Honoraria. Chen: Novartis: Research Funding. Young: Novartis: Research Funding. Richardson: Novartis: Employment. Isaacs: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Melenhorst: Novartis: Research Funding. Levine: GE Healthcare: Consultancy; Tmunity Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Research Funding; Brammer Bio: Consultancy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. June: Novartis: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Immune Design: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Tmunity Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Research Funding; WIRB/Copernicus Group: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celldex: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Milone: Novartis: Patents & Royalties.


Background:   Isoniazid (INH), first line drug for antitubercular treatment, induces hepatic necrosis in some of human beings in normal doses and in experimental animals in toxic doses. Reactive toxic metabolites of INH are released which disrupt hepatocellular membrane and cause necrosis. So there is a need to find some hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent. Hepamerz is prescribed for liver disease acute hepatitis i.e. viral, non-viral, drug induced, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver with hyperammonaemia, hepatic encephalopathy. Objective:   Purpose of this research was an attempt to observe protective effects of hepamerz on liver and kidney against isoniazid induced toxicity in rabbits. Methods:   Study was conducted on oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits (1-1.5 kg) of either sex for the period of 11 days. Rabbits were divided in five groups at random with 6 animals in each group. In group I normal liver and renal function tests were recorded without any drug. In group II effects of hepamerz (1.5cc/kg/i.p.) were observed.  In Group III isoniazid (50 mg/kg/ day i.p.) was administered. In group IV (a+b) combined effects of isoniazid (50mg/kg /day i.p) and hepamerz (1.5 cc/kg) intraperitoneally and orally were observed respectively. Liver function tests (bilirubin, ALT and AST) and renal function tests (BUN and creatinine) were performed. Rabbits were sacrificed on 12 th day for observing histopathological changes in liver and kidney. Results:   In biochemical analysis, hepamerz (group II) showed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. Liver and kidney architecture remained almost intact in group II. In group III, bilirubin level increased (P < 0.05). Histological picture of liver revealed ballooning degeneration, portal inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes which are signs of acute inflam-mation. 50% necrosis was observed in kidney. In group IV (a+b) there was decrease (P<0.05) in ALT level, liver archi-tecture manifested increased inflammatory changes as well as apoptosis, rise (P < 0.05) in BUN and creatinine levels show-ing nephrotoxicity. In this group rabbits also manifested central neurological effects (tonic clonic convulsions), peripheral neurological effects (paraplegia). There was no mortality in group I and II while in group III, IVa and IVb there was 33%, 83% and 66% mortality respectively. It can be concluded that INH induced biochemical an d histopathological changes are not antagonized by concurrent administration of hepamerz for 11days . Additionally nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects were observed by this combination therapy. Key Words:   Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, INH-induced hepatotoxicity, Hepamerz, Liver Function Tests , Renal Function Tests.


ABSTRACT Regional and national level data on bullying victimisation and its associated factors among deaf adolescents are still lacking, particularly, in Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional self-report anonymous survey involving a nationally representative random sample of 450 school-going deaf adolescents in Ghana. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of the data showed the overall 12-month prevalence estimate of bullying victimisation to be 55 · 1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50% – 60%), but the estimates were comparable between females (52 · 0%) and males (57 · 0%). Whereas deaf adolescents with schoolwork problems were likely to report bullying victimisation, most of the key factors associated with bullying victimisation were adverse social events – break-up, conflict with friends, and parental divorce. These findings underscore the need for further studies, and school-based intervention and prevention efforts.


Aim: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an important disease that may cause serious morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the employability of the mechanical thrombectomy and combination of it with catheter-directed thrombolysis in selected patients with acute and/or subacute DVT.
Material and Methods: We applied mechanical thrombectomy and catheter-directed thrombolysis in the patients who admitted with an index diagnosis of lower extremity acute and/or subacute DVT. The thrombus in the femoral vein and iliac vein was intervened by intervention from the popliteal vein. Afterwards, mechanical thrombectomy and catheter-directed tPA infusion for 24 hours were applied. In follow-up, patients were evaluated through physical examination and Doppler ultrasonography on the 1st_, 6th_, 12th_, and 18th_month follow up, and scored with Villalta.
Results: The mean age was 59.9 years. Twenty-six and 21 of the 47 patients were male and female, respectively. In the 1st-month follow-up visit, there was ≥50% patency in 43 patients, and ≥90% patency in 30 patients. During the 18-month follow-up period, while three patients had recurrent DVT, one patient had a new DVT episode in the contralateral extremity. According to Villalta score, three patients were found to have post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) at the end of 18 months.
Conclusion: We think that; pulmonary embolism (PE) and PTS rates would decrease with the concomitant application of percutaneous interventions to medical treatment in patients with index DVT diagnosis. Additionally, although the cost of percutaneous interventions seems to be high, it would be much more cost effective in the long-term when the complications related to DVT are taken into account. We also think that lowering the burden of thrombus in the acute period would preclude development of long-term complications.


The study of the average of Schur polynomials over a Stieltjes–Wigert ensemble has been carried out by Dolivet and Tierz [J. Math. Phys. 48, 023507 (2007); e-print arXiv:hep-th/0609167], where it was shown that it is equal to quantum dimensions. Using the same approach, we extend the result to the biorthogonal case. We also study, using the Littlewood–Richardson rule, some particular cases of the quantum dimension result. Finally, we show that the notion of Giambelli compatibility of Schur averages, introduced by Borodin et al. [Adv. Appl. Math. 37, 209 (2006); e-print arXiv:math-ph/0505021], also holds in the biorthogonal setting.


Effects of carbon black powders,solid loading,milling time,contents of dispersant and pH value on rheological properties of NiO/YSZ ceramic slurry were investigated by rheograms in detail.Results show that shear thinning behaviour and pseudoplasticity of aqueous slurries can be found.The pH value is optimized to 9.Contents of dispersant are equal to 2%(volume fraction).It is suitable to fabrication of Ni/YSZ anode material after NiO/YSZ aqueous slurries were milled 4h. Ultimately volume fractions of NiO/YSZ aqueous slurries reach 50%.


Gutzmann lays cliief weight on the systematic utilisation of optical and e impressions. Many cases of aphasia recover spontaneously, while even those chronic cases which have persisted for months may recover uer appropriate treatment. Kussmaul held that age was the chief ac or in the prognosis, hut the author thinks that the chief element is e individual sharpness in picking up impressions. Motor aphasia has a w?rse prognosis than sensory aphasia, or paraphrasia with confusion, T]le author commences his treatment by teaching the individual ers and then simple sounds. He commences with the vowels, as they . y require the lips and teeth in their formation. The a sound in teas the best one to commence with, as it can be pronounced without ovmg the lips, if the lower jaw be depressed. In pronouncing o the psi are used and the mouth opening is narrowed, while u requires still


Objective: Anatomic segmentectomy is advocated as a curative procedure in select patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. We investigated the feasibility and suitability of robotic thoracic segmentectomy with complete mediastinal exenteration (CME) as a less invasive alternative to open thoracotomy. This technique was performed in patients with impaired lung function, small peripherally located tumors, and advanced age. Methods: We included patients who underwent robotic thoracic segmentectomy over 9 years, then analyzed those with early stage lung cancer. Robotic dissection of the pulmonary artery, vein, and bronchus was followed by division of segmental structures and CME. Inclusion criteria were pre-operative clinical T1 disease in patientswith impaired pulmonary function (FEV1 G 800 or DLCO G 50) and advanced age. Specimens were confirmed to be complete segments by pathology. Results: 80 patients underwent robotic segmentectomy. Of these, 60 were for early stage lung cancer. There were 31 men, 29 women, mean age 73T9 years. All patients underwent R0 resection. Operating time was 132T30 minutes. Median hospital stay was 6 days. Pathologic upstaging occurred in 10% of patients. Histology was squamous cell in 17 patients, adenocarcinoma 28, adenosquamous 7, basaloid 1, giant cell 1, bronchoalveolar 3, and spindle cell carcinoma 1. Tumor size was 2 cm or less in 19 patients and 9 2 cm in 17 patients. Complications were seen in 16/60 (27%) of patients including AFib 9/60 (15%), reintubation 2/60 (3%), c-diff 2/60 (3%), pneumonia 1/60 (2%), UTI 1/60 (2%), and pericardial effusion 1/60 (2%) patients. There were no mortalities. Conclusions: Robotic segmentectomy with CME is a safe procedure which may represent a less invasive oncologic procedure to patients with small lung cancers and limited cardiopulmonary reserve.


The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) won a major victory last week when a splintered D.C. Circuit overturned the district court's denial of its request for a preliminary injunction against the…


There are embodiments of a method, a device and a system for implementing multi-stage memory disclosed with direct access. In one embodiment the method includes associating an amount of a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) in a computer system that is used as a work area as an alternative to a dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The method continues with assigning a second amount of NVRAM, which is used as a data storage alternative to a mass data storage device. Then the method assigns during operation of the computer system back to at least a first portion of the first amount of NVRAM from the alternative memory allocation for alternative data storage allocation. Finally, the method allocates, during operation of the computer system back to at least a first portion of the second amount of NVRAM from alternative data memory allocation for alternative memory allocation.


The importance of data regarding the effect of short signal durations on detection for gated‐ versus continuous‐noise maskers and the theoretical implications of this data have been presented in recent papers by Jeffress, Tucker, and Williams. Masked thresholds for a 1000‐Hz signal of 40‐, 80, 160‐, and 400‐msec duration were determined in the presence of a narrow‐band masking noise that was either continuously on or gated only during the two possible signal intervals, with the masker presented over a 90‐dB range of levels. At the 400‐msec duration, the continuous masker led to thresholds that were about 2 dB lower than did the gated masker at all but the lowest masker levels. At shorter durations, consistent continuous‐gated differences in threshold were not found, indicating that, in addition to the experience of the listeners (as suggested by Tucker, Williams, and Jeffress), the level of the masker may also be a factor in the difference between continuous and gated masked thresholds or signal detectabi...


We use differential spectroscopy with tunable psec pulses to temporally and spectrally resolve the formation and decay of optical nonlinearities and space-charge fields in a hetero n-i-p-i that contains quantum wells in the intrinsic region composed of all-binary InAs/GaAs short-period strained layer superlattices. The evolution of the resulting nonlinearity is determined by a delicate competition between excitonic bleaching and the excitonic shift caused by a screening of the builtin field. The relative contributions of the two nonlinearities are complicated functions of fluence, time and wavelength, with the detailed dynamics determined by thermionic emission from the wells, psec charge transport over nm dimensions, screening, and carrier recombinations. The distinctive spectral signatures for excitonic bleaching and shifting allow us to distinguish the two contributions to the nonlinear dynamics and to follow the charge transport and space-charge formation. At the lower fluences, the initial excitonic bleaching gives way to a blue shift of the exciton as the carriers escape the wells in ~3 psec and drift to screen the built-in field in <10 psec. This blue shift persists until the spatially separated carriers recombine nonexponentially on microsecond time scales. At higher fluences, excitonic bleaching and the blue shift are observed simultaneously, since only a fraction of the carriers are required to screen the field and the wells remain partially occupied. On the time scale of ~10 nsec, the bleaching contribution disappears as the carriers within the wells recombine, leaving only the persistent blue shift.


Bisphenol-A is produced commercially by the acid catalyzed condensation of phenol and acetone under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. This review evaluates the use of a cation exchange resin condensation catalyst according to Union Carbide technology. The process avoids the handling of highly corrosive streams usual in traditional HCl catalyeed processes and appears to be capable of producing very high purity polycarbonate grade bisphenol-A simply. Compared with the HCl catalyzed process, the resin catalyzed process has a 2-3c/lb lower net production cost for polycarbonate grade product. Production costs for epoxy gr-ade product are the same for both processes. The resin catalyzed process shows a higher return on investment for both polycarbonate and epoxy grade products. extensive use of exotic materials in contact with process streams. The bisphenol-A was purified by recrystallization from benzene. Product purity as 99.5%. An alternative catalyst system now widely employed is based on the use of a cation exchange resin as the condensation catalyst. Such processes are believed to have been developed by Bayer, Dow, Rhone-Progil, Shell, and Union Carbide. These processes have the distinct advantage that the catalyst is noncorrosive. In this review, Union Carbide's resin catalyzed process technology is evaluated both to elucidate the characteristics of this catalyst system and to update bisphenol-A production economics on the basis of modern technology. Some information on reaction chemistry is included in this review; Report 81 contains a more detailed discussion.


Introduction: The excess stroke mortality among African Americans and Southerners is well known. Because a higher proportion of the population living in the 'Stroke Belt' is African American, then a portion of the estimated excess risk of stroke death traditionally associated with African-American race may be attributable to geography (i.e., race and geography are 'confounded'). In this paper we estimate the proportion of the excess stroke mortality among African Americans that is attributable to geography. Methods: The numbers of stroke deaths at the county level are available from the vital statistics system of the US. A total of 1,143 counties with a population of at least 500 whites and 500 African Americans were selected for these analyses. The black-to-white stroke mortality ratio was estimated with and without adjustment for county of residence for those aged 45–64 and for those aged 65 and over. The difference in the stroke mortality ratio before versus after adjustment for county provides an estimate of the proportion of the excess stroke mortality inappropriately attributed to race (that is in fact attributable to geographic region). Results: For ages 45–64, the black-to-white stroke mortality ratio was reduced from 3.41 to 3.04 for men, and from 2.82 to 2.60 for women, suggesting that between 10 and 15% of the excess mortality traditionally attributed to race is rather due to geography. Over the age of 65, the black-to-white stroke mortality ratio was reduced from 1.31 to 1.27 for men, and from 1.097 to 1.095 for women, suggesting that between 2 and 13% of the excess mortality attributed to black race is actually attributable to geography. The reductions of all the four age strata gender groups were highly significant. Discussion: These results suggest that a significant, although relatively small, proportion of the excess mortality traditionally attributed to race is rather a factor of geography.


The First Sorted List of Homophones fails to cover homophone var iants with similar sounds. This is a subtle problem without systematic research in pr evious publications. Linguistic facts bear the evidence of the existence of such words in Putonghua. Their similarity in pronunciation results from assimilation of sounds. In fact they share the same origin of sounds as found in the transfo rmation of speech sounds in colloquialism, archaism, accents of dialects and for eign words. The study of this special case must be carried out on the basis of l inguistic facts. As long as they can be traced to the same sound origin, they mu st be classified in the family of homophones.


Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)has been established as an effective treatment of knee osteoarthritis[1-5].The average age of patients undergoing TKA is 67 years, with majority of patients being between 55 to 75 years of age[6].With prolongation of life expectancy, more and more patients will require TKA[711]. When TKA is offered to octogenarian patients, they have doubts whether the surgery will benefit them as much as it benefits their younger counterparts.Ahigher incidence of comorbiditiesand increased possibility of cardiac or thromboembolic complications is another concern[12].Due to these apprehensions, theycontinue to deny themselves the benefits of surgery. However, by this stage the deformity can become so severe, that performing TKA can become more challenging. We performed this study in Indian Introduction: With the success of total knee arthroplasty in treating arthritis,many patients with advancing age areconsidering surgical over medical management. However,at their age, there are valid concerns regarding the safety profile of the surgery. Our aim was to study the safety and outcome of total knee arthroplasty in Indian octogenarians. Materials and methods: This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive 71 octogenarians,who underwent total knee arthroplasty, by a single surgeon between2005-2012.A detailed pre-operative checkup and standardized peri-operative rehabilitation protocol was followed. All patients were evaluated at 3 months, 1 year and midterm follow-up at an average of 46.9(18-109)months. Clinical data, Knee Society Score, radiological features and occurrence of complications wererecorded at follow up visits. Results: All 71 patients tolerated the procedure well with no mortality intra-operatively or up to one year post-operatively. Three(4.2%) patients developedsurgery-related post-operative complications that were successfully managed conservatively. Averagepre-operative Knee Society Scores (80.2) improved significantly at 3 months follow up (156)andone year follow up (165.9)in all patients.Of the 50 patients,available for mid-term follow up, all maintained high Function Score except 5 patients, whose scores were affected by comorbidities. All 50 of these patients showed further improvement of Knee Score at midtermfollow up as compared to their one-year score.All the patients were satisfied with their outcome andwere happy to recommend surgery to fellow octogenarians. Conclusion: Total knee arthroplasty is safe and effectivein Indian octogenarians, resulting in excellent pain relief and functional outcome. At midterm follow up, patients were happy that they opted for the surgery as they continued to enjoy improved function.


The actual emission rates of gaseous N compounds, such as NH3, N2O and NOX are a serious constraint to sustainable development. Qualitatively, our knowledge on the most important sources and controlling factors influencing the emission of these gases is quite high. Quantitatively, however, still a lot of research needs to be done. The uncertainty of emission estimates is the result of a very important variability in time and space. Co-operation between reputed research groups is important to further upgrade our knowledge. In addition, lack of precise information and absence of palpable effects makes the society not very enthusiastic about efforts to reduce gaseous N emission from soil. Therefore, an independent, integrated assessment of reduction strategies by politicians, scientists and society should be established to assure its implementation.


Of a sudden, the Factories burst upon him, or their windows did,--hundreds of bright windows, illuminated every night in honor of Toil,--and which neither the darkness of night, nor the wilderness of the storm, could obscure, and which never bent or blinked before the rage and violence around. The Factories, and factory life,--how it glowed at that moment to his eye! And even his own ideal notions thereof were more than transfigured before him, and he envied the girls, some of whom he knew, who, through that troubled winter night, were tending their looms as in the warmth, beauty, and quietness of a summer-day. --Sylvester Judd, Richard Edney and the Governor's Family (1850) "Why is it, sir," the narrator of Melville's 1855 Harper' Monthly piece "The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids" asks the owner of the paper mill he is touring, "that in most factories, female operatives, of whatever age, are indiscriminately called girls, never women?" (1) The proprietor's answer, that the operatives are all unmarried, "all maids," has informed a tradition of critical commentary that reads Melville's story in terms of the desexualizing effects of industrial labor. Marvin Fisher, for example, finds that "the world of the paper factory is the antithesis of sex," and Michael Rogin glosses the story's dominant image as "white-faced humans reduced to sterility." (2) According to such views, the desexing of the adult factory women into "factory girls" represents Melville's critique of the dehumanizing power of industrial modernization and his concern that, as Fisher puts it, "machine production is not reconcilable with human production." The images of female sterility in "The Tartarus of Maids" would, then, seem to contrast unfavorably with the riotous fecundity of the men represented in its companion piece, "The Paradise of Bachelors." Sex appears to stand for a kind of fertile personhood, the ability to produce oneself in "health and beauty" through acts of "free will," as Fisher would have it. (3) In this dichotomous scheme, the bachelors possess such power, while the "factory girls" do not. But the loss or rejection of a particular form of sexuality--and, by implication, humanity--need not imply the loss of all. What Fisher and Rogin perceive as desexing may, in fact, be read as resexing--the reconfiguration of sexuality, and hence personhood, into forms consonant with the modern social, economic, and technological environment represented by the conditions of labor and production in the factory. Tartarus' many images of fertility--from the tour guide named "Cupid" to the menstrual "Blood River" that runs through the mill--undermine the notion of a clean dichotomy between sexless maids and over-sexed bachelors, and point instead toward a more uncertain and fluid relationship between different versions of sexuality. (4) And if sex really does stand, synecdochically, for personhood, then this uncertainty about sex must imply a deeper ambiguity about just what sort of persons these mill workers might be. The "factory girls" represent experimental sketches of modern personhood, efforts to imagine what a human being might look like if established notions of "health and beauty," or even "free will," were to be abandoned or lose their currency. As such, they embody the "pattern of contradiction" that Leo Marx identifies in Melville's response to modernization. (5) If, as Marx argues, Americans at midcentury felt conscious of "two kingdoms of force," technology and nature, then Melville's factory girls incorporate both America's celebration of technological progress and its deeply felt attachment to an anti-technological pastoral ideal into their own inscrutable bodies. The story's full interest as an exploration of America's conflicted attitude toward modern forms of production has largely been missed in the existing scholarship because of an unacknowledged assumption that journalistic and other nonfictional accounts of factory labor constitute its only possible literary context. …


Most prisoners want to better themselves so that they never have to return to prison furthermore many studies have shown that the best way to reform and improve behaviour is through education however students studying in prison face numerous challenges in their endeavour to ameliorate themselves. In other words, schooling has become a painful experience for many of them and their feelings of shame and anger at becoming unsuccessful in a world where academic achievement is highly valued, run deep. Public perception is that prisoners should be denied access to educational opportunities and be punished for the crimes committed. Using qualitative phenomenological design, the article explores in detail the learning experiences of a group of inmates who are studying at undergraduate level, via distance learning. This article specifically focuses on the experiences and challenges encountered by these students. Data was collected from the five participants using semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis. All the participants were provided with informed consent and they demonstrated their willingness to participate in the research. Based on the data collected, we conclude that although the student inmates find the prison environment to impact negatively on their studies, they (students) also attach great value to their studies and hope to use it to secure employment once released from prison.


Background: Green gram is grown in many parts of India as a source of dietary protein (21-25%). It is an important nitrogen fixing crop which fixes atmospheric nitrogen (119-140 kg/ha) to soil and enhance the soil productivity. In the present investigation, efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Vigna radiata L. (Wilczek) has been achieved with VrTIP1 gene for abiotic stress resistance i.e. moisture and salinity stress.
Methods: Four days old shoot tip and cotyledonary node were used for in vitro regeneration with MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.0 mg/l, kinetin 0.5 mg/l and 50 mg/l kanamycin for co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA 4404. The modified binary vector pCXSN, EHA105 containing hygromycin phosphotransferase II (hpt II) marker genes and a synthetic TIP1 gene under a constitutive CaMV35S promoter were used for transformation of Vigna radiata L. cotyledonary node explants. Putative transformants selected from hygromycin resistant shoots were subsequently rooted on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA and later transferred to sterile vermiculite followed by transfer to the transgenic green house.
Result: The T1 plants were produced from PCR positive T0 plants and analysed for presence and integration of transgenes in putative T1 plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 752 bp of hpt II fragment. This protocol can be effectively used for transferring new traits in greengram and other legumes for their quantitative and qualitative improvements.


Due to increasing atmospheric concentrations of participates, five of Allegheny County's seven monitoring areas were placed on first stage air pollution alert by November 18,1975. The Liberty Borough area reached second stage alert, and then emergency stage the morning of November 19. An investigation was mounted to determine whether these emergency levels of par-ticulates had an effect upon the pulmonary function of school children sufficiently severe that it would require several days for pulmonary function to return to normal. Beginning November 20 in two schools and November 21 in four additional schools, the three-quarter second forced expiratory volume (FEV.75) and the forced vital capacity (FVC) of approximately 270 parochial school children in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades were tested daily through November 26. Two schools, approximately 80 children, were in control areas; the remaining children were exposed to high or very high levels of particulate air pollution with significant levels of sulf...


This publication (of 64 pages) represents the proceedings of a roundtable on general cartel bans and the criteria for exempting small and medium-sized enterprises. This roundtable was held at the OECD in April 1996. The proceedings include a background note from the German delegation and submissions from 4 other OECD countries describing the issues arising in exempting small and medium sized enterprises from general bans on cartels.


Parkinsonism is the most frequent neurological complication of carbon monoxide intoxication. Its prognosis is severe and Dopa is ineffective. We treated 9 patients (mean age 60.89 +/- 6.10 years) with bromocriptine (5 à 30 mg daily). Webster's scores were improved under treatment. Our study suggests that early administration of bromocriptine might be an effective therapy of carbon monoxide induced parkinsonism.


This paper presents a novel design of carrier interferometry (CI) spreading codes by using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) instead of linear transformation. Pulse shaping method in frequency domain is used to generate different carrier interferometry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CI/OFDM) signals. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and BER performance have been compared between OFDM and our proposal. Simulation results show that our proposal possess good PAPR and BER performance. Additionally, it could simplify the CI/OFDM system implementation significantly.


Objective To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in nasopharygeal Carcinoma and its relationship with infiltration and metastasis of tumor.Methods Protein expression of iNOS was examined immunohistochemically in tissue sections of 77 nasopharyngeal specimens and the relationship between expression of iNOS and infiltration or metastasis of tumor was analysised.Results iNOS was detected in 33.77% (26/77) of the nasopharygeal tissue. The expression of iNOS was significantly correlated with T/N stages (P0.05).Conclusion The expression of iNOS in nasopharygeal carcinoma may contribute to infiltration and metastasis of tumor.


The Anthropocene is characterized by rapid global change, necessitating adaptive governance. But how can such adaptive governance be operationalized? The article offers a three-point argument to approach this question. First, people and environment need to be considered together, as social (human) and ecological (biophysical) subsystems are linked by mutual feedbacks, and are interdependent and co-evolutionary. These integrated systems of humans and environment (social-ecological systems) provide an appropriate unit of analysis. Second, the resilience approach deals with change in multilevel complex systems, and has stimulated much of the adaptive governance literature by addressing uncertainty and adaptation to unforeseen future changes. Third, there is a need to foster collaborative approaches to improve social and institutional learning, as for example in adaptive management, collaborative learning networks, and knowledge co-production. Collaborative learning is perhaps where further research, experimentation, and application might make a difference for operationalizing adaptive governance, with a focus on institutions, at all levels from local to international.


Pregnant Targhee-cross ewe lambs (n = 36; 53.8 + 1.3 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to examine effects of nutrient restriction and dietary Se on maternal and fetal serum IGF-1, T3, and T4 concentrations. Treatments were nutrition (maintenance (M) vs. 60% maintenance (R)) and dietary Se (7.4 µg/kg BW (NSe); no added Se vs. 81.5 µ g/kg BW (HSe); Se enriched yeast). Selenium treatments were initiated 21 d before breeding and restriction treatments on d 64 of gestation. All diets were similar in CP (16.0%) and energy (2.12 Mcal/kg) density. Serum was collected via vena puncture on days 62, 76, 90, 104, 118, 132, and 135 of gestation. Fetal serum was collected at slaughter, on d 135. Nutrition x Se interactions were not significant for ewe or fetal hormones. Nutrient restriction reduced (P < 0.03) maternal serum IGF-1, T3, and T4 concentrations (ng/mL) on d 118, 132, and 135 of gestation. Maternal serum T3 and T4 were also reduced (P < 0.07) at d 90 and tended (P < 0.13) to be lower at d 104. Nutrient restriction tended (P = 0.12) to reduce maternal IGF-1 on d 104 of gestation. On d 135, IGF-1 concentrations were 142.8 vs. 77.4 + 12.5 ng/mL, T3 concentrations were 0.78 vs. 0.58 + 0.04 ng/mL, and T4 concentrations were 44.5 vs. 38.1 + 2.0 ng/mL for M vs. R fed ewes, respectively. Maternal serum levels of T4 were lower (P < 0.03) on d 132 and 135 (d 135 = 37.6 vs. 45.0 ± 1.9 ng/mL for HSe and NSe, respectively). Fetal IGF-1 concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in R compared with M fed ewes (61.9 vs. 77.4 ± 4.1 ng/mL). There was no effect of dietary Se on fetal IGF-1, T3, or T4. These data indicate that maternal nutrition impacts both maternal and fetal IGF-1, T3, and T4 serum concentrations.


Closing a gap in the literature on the subject, the local solutions of 2D-gravity with torsion are given for Euclidian signature. For the topology of a cylinder the system is quantized.


any scientists and patient advocates cheered earlier this summer when the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released new guidelines for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. The guidelines came after President Obama's March 2009 executive order lifting the restrictions on federal support for research using embryonic stem cells. Obama's directive revoked the Bush administration's restrictions and funding ban on hESC research, which had limited scientists to using only 21 approved cell lines out of about 700 in existence. The directive also ordered the NIH to issue new guidelines for hESC research, which were released in July 2009. These new guidelines specify that NIH funding can be provided for research on hESCs derived from human embryos "that were created using in vitro fertilization for reproductive purposes [but] were no longer needed for this purpose," and were donated by individuals who were fully informed about embryo treatment and gave their voluntary, written consent to use the embryos for research. The guidelines also stipulate that there can be no financial inducements for embryo donations, and that NIH-funded research must remain separate from privately funded research. Additionally, the NIH will establish a working group of scientists and ethicists to review existing cell lines, determine their eligibility for federal funding, and post those hESCs eligible for federal funds in an online registry. The presidential directive greatly expands the research potential in this field, but Obama noted in his remarks about the order that the "full promise of stem cell research remains unknown, and it should not be overstated." Many advocates of stem cell research agree: Much more stem cell research will take place, yet much more policy work still awaits action. The spotlight is currently on the NIH working group. This is because until the NIH determines which cell lines are eligible for federal funding, hESC research remains on hold and, as of early September 2009, the NIH registry was still empty. Alan Smith, senior research scientist at Stemina Biomarker Discovery (a metabolomics company in Madison, Wisconsin), says that this void in the registry is a major concern for industry because it is slowing efforts to build new collaborations with other companies that are using yet-to-beapproved cell lines and to spur innovations in stem cell research. It is unclear when new stem cell lines will be entered into the registry—no timeline has been announced—but some researchers are concerned that the addition of the new lines may take years. Other pressing policy issues remain. Some analysts have suggested that the government focus on developing a coalition among all the entities that work on stem cells, perhaps by supporting the formation of geographic innovation hubs. Such a large-scale collaboration between universities and industries could be transformative for the field of regenerative medicine. Other experts, such as Jonathan Moreno, a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, believe that the next grand policy challenge will be to develop guidelines for


This paper studies the problem of aggregation of preferences, preserving the multicriteria nature of the individual decision process. The resulting group decision problem is in effect a twice multicriteria optimum problem. We give a structural theory for the efficient set of this optimum problem. Moreover, on the basis of this theory we study the relationships between optimality, consensus and evaluation. We confirm the pathological nature of aggregation of preferences, but in a new setting and with a different meaning.


Dr. Ryoichi Takahashi collected mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore in 1943–1944, and mounted them in 39 permanent slide mounts using Canada balsam. The slides are deposited in the Department of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The objective of this research was to update the identification of Takahashi's specimens using recent taxonomic keys. Some preparations  on  cavity  slides  were  re-mounted  to  facilitate identification. The re-mounted specimens, and those on the original slides, were re-examined and 12 species were identified. The Takahashi samples of Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) and Rastrococcus mangiferae (Green) are the earliest records of these species from Peninsular Malaysia.


A superscalar pipeline applied Tomasulo's algorithm is presented in this paper. The design begins with a dual-issue superscalar processor based on LEON2. Tomasulo's algorithm is adopted to implement out-of-order execution. Instructions are separated into three different parts and executed by three different function units so as to reduce area and promote execution speed. Results wrote back into registers are still in program order, for the aim of ensure the function veracity. Mechanisms of the reservation station, common data bus, and reorder buffer are presented in detail. The structure can sends and executes three instructions at most at a time. Branch prediction can also be realized by reorder buffer. Performance of the scalar pipeline applied Tomasulo's algorithm is promoted by 41.31% compared to singleissue pipeline..


Abstract Analytical functions approximating the burn rate in internal combustion engines are useful and cost-effective tools for engine cycle simulations. Most functions proposed to date are based on the law of normal distribution of a continuous random variable. The best known of these is the Wiebe function, which is used to predict the burn fraction and burn rate in internal combustion engines operating with different combustion systems and fuels. These include direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) diesel engines, classical spark ignition (SI) engines and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, engines with homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). This paper is a tribute to the lasting legacy of the Wiebe function and to the man behind it, Ivan Ivanovitch Wiebe. It includes a historical background to the development of the function in the mid 1950s in the Soviet Union, the controversy that surrounded its introduction, a description of the method used to arrive at the final formulation, and an overview of the many applications as prescriptive or predictive single-, double- and multi-function combustion models in engine research.


Solid waste management is a major challenge at local, regional and global level. Jorhat, a major urban agglomeration in Assam, India, produces approx. 35 Tons per day (TPD) of municipal waste which is expected to increase up to 39 TPD and 58 TPD by 2025 and 2035 respectively. With such increased future waste production projection, without any focus on waste management, the city will face acute problems leading to health and sanitary issues. There is a single open disposal site in Jorhat without any facility for recycling or infrastructure for a scientific sanitary landfill at the site. Since 2019, the waste collection facility has improved significantly with daily collection of household from majority of wards across the city. However, the question remains regarding the management of the wastes produced. So, a comprehensive plan for solid waste management as well as its execution should start at the earliest hour with focus on transitioning the economy from linear to circular one thus closing the material loop.


The objective of this program is to understand and quantify the role of radicals in the hydrogenation and/or liquefaction of coal. To accomplish this goal, coal is treated with H/sub 2/ in the presence or absence of donor solvent at 400 to 450/sup 0/C within an EPR cavity. The time dependence of the composition, g-factors and linewidths of the radicals generated during conversion are monitored. The rapid heater unit was improved for reasons discussed in the text. A new Bruker 22OD EPR spectrometer (Corporate Funding) was received.


Healthcare leaders should inventory and quantify the capital initiatives deemed critical for success under changing business models. Key considerations in planning such initiatives are opportunity costs and potential impact on productivity. Senior leaders also should create rolling five-year estimates of expenditures in addition to a one-year budget. Approaches to paying for such initiatives include borrowing from cash reserves, partnering to share cash and other resources, and developing new revenue sources derived from the initiatives themselves.


Because of the extreme expense involved in developing and flight testing meteorological instruments, an extensive series of numerical modeling experiments to simulate the performance of meteorological observing systems were performed on CYBER 205. The studies compare the relative importance of different global measurements of individual and composite systems of the meteorological variables needed to determine the state of the atmosphere. The assessments are made in terms of the systems ability to improve 12 hour global forecasts. Each experiment involves the daily assimilation of simulated data that is obtained from a data set called nature. This data is obtained from two sources: first, a long two-month general circulation integration with the GLAS 4th Order Forecast Model and second, global analysis prepared by the National Meteorological Center, NOAA, from the current observing systems twice daily.


Numerous photographs are shared on public channels due to the quick development of multimedia technology. As a result, there has been a lot of interest in offering secure image transmission across open channels. Multimedia data is frequently secured using encryption methods. The main motive of this study is to deliver a complete description of various steganography approaches & performance in terms of capacity, security, and robustness. The review includes a classification of the different steganography methods, including spatial domain, frequency domain, and transform domain techniques. Each method studied providing ability to go through any image processing operations, security, robustness, and ability to detect the hidden information. To assess the benefits and drawbacks of the various image steganography methods now in use, extensive comparisons have been made between them. For improved stego-medium, blockchain-based steganography approaches are also reviewed because now we are moving towards this field. In future it can be used to better understand the various techniques available and to make choices about which methods are best suited for their specific needs.


Practical needs in the realm of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have driven the efforts to investigate formal and sound methods to describe spatial relations. After an introduction of the basic ideas and notions of topology, a novel theory of topological spatial relations between sets is developed in which the relations are defined in terms of the intersections of the boundaries and interiors of two sets. By considering and as the values of the intersections, a total of sixteen topological spatial relations are described, each of which can be realized in IR . This set is reduced to nine relations if the sets are restricted to spatial regions, a fairly broad class of subsets of a connected topological space having application to GIS. It is shown that these relations correspond to some of the standard set-theoretic and topological spatial relations between sets such as equality, disjointness, and containment in the interior.


This essay aims at presenting a reading of Aristotle's criticisms of Parmenides at Physics. The author suggests that some important issues that Aristotle takes into account when determining the basic principles of the science of nature arise from those criticisms. Boeri argues that, in spite of the strong disagreement declared by Aristotle at Physics I 2-3 with regard to the Eleatic positions in general and to Parmenides' position in particular, Aristotle takes advantage of his discussion with Parmenides in a constructive manner in favor of his own theory of change and, in general terms, of the indispensable conditions for the constitution of a science of nature. According to the author, one of the central points of Aristotle's disagreement with Parmenides (the theory of being) is at once one of the most fertile issues from the standpoint of Aristotle's use of such disagreement in order to establish the foundations of his physics.


Aiming at the long design circular period and complex question of multipole magnetized design of NdFeB magnetic ring,the finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to simulate the electromagnetic field when magnetized.The simulated electromagnetic field was analyzed in order to confirm the three parameters by means of adjusting the initial setting parameters of the wire diameter,the coil number and the magnetizing voltage of magnetizing coil.Finally the magnetizing coil was manufactured and magnetized based on these three parameters.And the correctness of the simulation was verified through the test.The research results show that using the software ANSYS can shorten the circular period of multipole magnetized design,and the design results are very intuitionist and exact.


Perhaps one of the most often criticized parts of the audiolingual method is the dialogue. It is widely claimed that students are able to recite dialogues fluently, with excellent pronunciation (fr...


Combined with safety production control index in tunnel construction process,this thesis specifically describes the tunnel excavation work safety measures including cave safety measures,advanced geological forecast,blasting and drilling and other matters needing attention,and proposes specific emergent plan for possible collapse in tunnel,so as to ensure the construction safety.


SUMMARY: ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC ANDEPIPHIYTIC BACTERIA IN SUGARCANE IN AREAS WITH ANDWITHOUT TERMITICIDE The exploration and knowledge of bacteria-plant interaction mechanisms may be used fora more sustainable production of several crops, e.g., of sugarcane. The objective of this paper wasto isolate bacteria associated with sugarcane with the ability to fix nitrogen and solubilizeinorganic phosphate in areas with and without the application of termiticide. Endophytic bacteriawere isolated from leaves and roots and from the rhizoplane, four months after planting of threecommercial sugarcane varieties (RB 92579, RB 867515 and RB 863129), in the Northeast ofBrazil. Altogether, 272 isolates were obtained and selected for their capacity to solubilize inorganicphosphate and fix nitrogen. Termiticide application induced no changes in the endophytic microbialcommunities of leaf and root and the epiphytic bacteria of the rhizoplane. A bacterial communityassociated with the studied sugarcane varieties was identified, which could be applied for plantgrowth promotion, since it can fix N


Objective To evaluate the immunologic reaction of vitrified arterial allografts in rabbits.Methods The femoral arteries preserved by vitrification for 14 days were subjected to allotransplantation.Some rabbits were sacrificed in 4 weeks and grafts were harvested to observe the morphological changes;The blood of the other rabbits was collected on 0,2nd,4th,6th,8th,12th,16th,and 24th week,and the titer of antibody in the serum and its harmful effect on cells were measured.The comparison was performed between vitrified arterial allografts and fresh arterial allografts or frozen arterial allografts in vivo.Results There was the immunologic reaction in the local and total body after transplantation of arterial allografts in rabbits.At the 4th postoperative week,the titer peak of antibody in the serum of vitrified arterial allografts appeared,which was lower than fresh arterial allografts (0.198± 0.006, P 0.01),but no different from frozen arterial allografts (0.130± 0.006, P 0.05).Conclusion These results provided the evidence that the immunogenicity of arterial allografts was lowered because of cryopreservation.


Novel regimes of spatio-temporal modulation instability for a single-cycle pulse in a negative refractive index material are predicted. The dependence of their domains of existence and properties on various parameters is analyzed.


The yield strength of stirrups is limited to 420MPa and 600MPa in the ACI 318-14 standard and EC202 respectively. In this study, four beams were tested to investigate the influence of high strength stirrups on the shear behavior of PSC beams. For extension of this study, simulations to obtain the shear behavior of prestressed concrete beams with various yield strength of stirrups was conducted using a finite element analytical program (RCAHEST). The experimental and analytical results indicated that the limitation on the yield strength of shear reinforcement for prestressed concrete beams in the ACI 318-14 design code was too conservative. The simulation result also indicated that it could be possible to increase the yield strength of shear reinforcement in the ACI 318-14 design code up to 610MPa. The shear strength of prestressed concrete beams with high strength stirrups did not proportionally increase with the increase of yield strength of stirrups.


PURPOSE: A microcapsule absorbent of core-shell structure cement paste and a manufacturing method are provided to increase concrete strength and to remove excessive mixed water of concrete. CONSTITUTION: A microcapsule absorbent of core-shell structure cement paste is formed by polymerizing toluene, hydrophilic core monomer, cross-linking agent, hydrophobicity initiator and shell monomers. The toluene is consecutively used, and the core monomer is functioned as an absorbing agent. The cross-linking agent forms a network structure, and the initiator is dissolved in toluene. The shell monomer is dissolvable after being hydrolyzed in the alkali water solution. The core monomer is one of acryl amide, alkyl acrylic acid and styrene-mbBenzoyl peroxide(BPO), and cumene hydroperoxide(CHPO). The shell monomer is styrene-maleic anhydride.


This paper employs multiattribute value assessment and risk analysis to evaluate the benefits of four alternatives to improve electrical system reliability in British Columbia. A multiattribute value model is constructed as a cost-equivalent function, based on value judgments provided by a group of senior system planners and two senior vice presidents from BC Hydro. Using data drawn from the utility's service records and probabilities elicited from the utility's technical specialists, a risk analysis is developed to estimate the magnitude and duration of outages associated with the various alternatives. The value model and probabilities are combined to estimate the expected equivalent costs of outages over time, for the four alternatives. The influence of this analysis on BC Hydro's transmission system planning is also discussed.


Subtitle: Coscon managing director Dr Sun Jia Kang spoke to Martin Osborne recently about developments in China's shipping regulations, trade performance and infrastructure.


An alternative route for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is needed whenever transfemoral vascular access is not feasible. The choice of alternative access differs between centers and depends mainly on the operators' preferences and site‐specific expertise of the "heart team." In a multi‐center Italian Registry, the alternative access site (transapical vs. trans‐subclavian) was not an independent predictor of short‐ or long‐term mortality.


2. Brian Boman, associate professor, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Chris Wilson, assistant professor, Soil and Water Science Department; respectively, Indian River REC-Ft. Pierce; Vernon Vandiver, Jr., associate professor, Agronomy Department, Ft. Lauderdale REC; and Jack Hebb, multi-county citrus agent, St. Lucie County Extension Office. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611.


Why is space 3-dimensional? The first answer to this question, entirely based on Physics, was given by Ehrenfest, in 1917, who showed that the stability requirement for n-dimensional two-body planetary system very strongly constrains space dimensionality, favoring 3-d. This kind of approach will be generically called "stability postulate" throughout this paper and was shown by Tangherlini, in 1963, to be still valid in the framework of general relativity as well as for quantum mechanical hydrogen atom, giving the same constraint for spacedimensionality. In the present work, before criticizing this methodology, a brief discussion has been introduced, aimed at stressing and clarifying some general physical aspects of the problem of how to determine the number of space dimensions. Then, the epistemological consequences of Ehrenfest's methodology are critically reviewed. An alternative procedure to get at the proper number of dimensions, in which the stability postulate (and the implicit singularities in three-dimensional physics) are not an essential part of the argument, is proposed. In this way, the main epistemological problems contained in Ehrenfest's original idea are avoided. The alternative methodology proposed in this paper is realized by obtaining and discussing the n-dimensional quantum theory as expressed in Planck's law, de Broglie relation and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. As a consequence, it is possible to propose an experiment, based on thermal neutron diffraction by crystals, to directly measure space dimensionality. Finally the distinguished role of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in the determination of space dimensionality is stressed.


He continued, "Following the spin out, Manhattan Scientifics has sufficient working capital to run its operations going forward and plans to advance its nano-structuring metals technology unit, Metallicum, Inc. To date, Metallicum has generated $14 million in cash for MHTX. Presently, Metallicum has entered into agreements with a fortune 100 pharma company, with one of the world's largest dental implant manufactures and with General Cable Inc. (NYSE: BGC)."


BACKGROUND
The context in which school-based health-promoting interventions are implemented is key for the delivery and success of these interventions. However, little is known about whether school culture differs by school deprivation.

METHODS
Using data from PromeSS, a cross-sectional study of 161 elementary schools in Québec, Canada, we drew from the Health Promoting Schools theoretical framework to develop four measures of health-promoting school culture (i.e., school physical environment, school/teacher commitment to student health, parent/community engagement with the school, ease of principal leadership) using exploratory factor analysis. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey-Kramer analyses was used to examine associations between each measure and social and material deprivation in the school neighborhood.

RESULTS
Factor loadings supported the content of the school culture measures and Cronbach's alpha indicated good reliability (range: 0.68-0.77). As social deprivation in the school neighborhood increased, scores for both school/teacher commitment to student health and parent/community engagement with the school decreased.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY
Implementation of health-promoting interventions in schools located in socially deprived neighborhoods may require adapted strategies to address challenges related to staff commitment and parental and community involvement.

CONCLUSION
The measures developed herein can be used to investigate school culture and interventions for health equity.


The global properties of an SEIRS model with saturating contact rate are investigated systematically. We have proved that when the basic reproduction number is less than unity, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Further, a unique endemic equilibrium exists for some conditions. Using a Krasnoselskii sub-linearity trick, it is shown that the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable for a special case. Finally, a non-linear Lyapunov function is used to show the globally asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium. Numerical simulations illustrate the main results in the paper.


Article history : Received : February 2020 Accepted : April 2020 Generating unemployment is something that is not desired by every university. The history of the economy in Indonesia proves that entrepreneurship has a positive impact on the resilience and economic growth of the nation, therefore most universities require their students to take entrepreneurship courses. University academic support in terms of entrepreneurship education is expected to be able to foster students entrepreneurial intentions, so that the target of increasing the number of entrepreneurs can be realized. Entrepreneurial intention is also influenced by individual students attitudes factors. This research was conducted by surveying 155 students at two universities in Surabaya, to answer the purpose of this study we use the analysis of independent sample test and multiple regression. This study found evidence that the type of education (vocational and non-vocational), and the background of parents' work (entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial professions) did not have a significant difference affecting students entrepreneurial intentions. This study also found evidence that factors of students individual attitudes and entrepreneurship education programs had a positive and significant effect on growing students entrepreneurial intentions.


We study the conditions for coherent radiation of a group of electrons driven by a strong pulsed electromagnetic plane wave. The required conditions are first analyzed for a couple of neighboring electrons having the same velocities, then generalized to their macroscopic number and the range of parameters is identified to optimize the effect. We show that for a solid density plasma coherence affects the frequencies up to hundreds of keV, and the low-frequency part of the spectrum can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude. Our analytical findings are tested with 3D particle-in-cell simulations of a dense electron bunch passing through a laser pulse, clearly demonstrating how the coherence can essentially modify the observed radiation spectrum.


A polymer-based multimode interference optical splitter chip has been designed and fabricated. Fiber-waveguide coupling loss as well as the structure of the multimode waveguide are optimized in the design to achieve higher performance. A simple UV-based soft nanoimprint lithography (Soft UV-NIL) technique is adopted in the fabrication. Fluorinated acrylate resins, LFR, with different refractive indices are used in this work. Both the residual layer and waveguide deformation are improved by controlling the fabrication processes. An average of 12.98 dB insertion loss is obtained from 1×4 splitters with 1.08 dB uniformity and 0.05 dB polarization-dependent loss. The validity of the polymer optical splitters fabricated through Soft UV-NIL technique is demonstrated by software simulation as well as experimental works.


Each participant then controlled the other's fate in qualifying for a draw for US$50. They could make them perform tasks ranging from the benign ("jump up and down 10 times on one leg") to the belittling ("say 'I am filthy' five times") in order to qualify. One group was told their partner had to do whatever they told them if they wanted to qualify for the money, thus giving them high power. The other group could also make their colleague jump through the hoops, but their partner could remove their name from the raffle if they disliked the tasks.


Introduction: Computer tomographic angiography (CTA) is the gold standard for visualizing the arteries in patients with severe peripheral artery disease (PAD) that require revascularization. However, x-ray dye used in CTA should be avoided in patients with kidney diseases or severe diabetes, which is equally the case for gadolinium contrast agents. Further, CTA exposes patients to ionizing radiation and significantly increases lifetime risk for cancer, thus it is not suited for serial studies in response to a therapy. For these reasons there is a strong demand for non-contrast enhanced (NCE) MRA. In this work we describe a new flow-independent subtractive NCE-MRA based on the SSFP-echo signal, which can be made either flow sensitive (signal suppressed from moving spins) or flow insensitive. The subtraction between the two data sets will only yield signal from blood and the contrast between the venous and arterial blood is achieved by appropriate T2-weighting. Methods: In the proposed NCE-MRA, two 3D SSFP-echo data sets are acquired. The flow-sensitive SSFP-echo signal is acquired with the pulse sequence shown in Fig 1. The gradient pulse along the slab-select direction (blood flow direction), which follows immediately after the RF excitation, eliminates the FID and enhances flow sensitivity, which arises from the fact that the phase of the transverse magnetization of the moving spins increases quadratically from one pulse cycle to next due to displacement. On the other hand, flow-insensitive 3D SSFP-echo data is obtained by performing 1D Fourier transformation of multiple phase-cycled bSSFP data with various linear phase increments. In brief, as the phase-cycling mimics the phase precession per TR interval of the transverse magnetization, the phase-cycling allows one to "sample" the bSSFP spectral signal with different phase precession rates (frequency from 0 to 1/TR) whose Fourier conjugate is time. Thus, the 1D FT of the phase-cycled data sets will resolve the modes of the SSFP that are normally coalesced in a bSSFP pulse sequence, including the desired -1 mode, i.e. the flow-insensitive SSFP-echo. The other modes (e.g. n=1, n=-2, etc.) inherently have much lower signal and are unusable, thereby allowing acquisition of only a few different phase cycles (6~8) to resolve the SSFP-echo mode without interferences from aliased higher modes. The sequence parameters of bSSFP and SSFP are identical: TE/TR=3.7/7.4 ms, flip angle=30, FOV = 352 ×128 × 360 mm, matrix size=352×20×120, zero padded to 352×40×240 and the total acquisition time is 2 mins 20 s. After image reconstruction the flow-sensitive SSFP-echo data was subtracted from the flow-insensitive SSFP-echo and maximum intensity projection (MIP) was taken along the anterior-posterior direction, where the subjects were scanned in feet-first supine position. A single-station (pelvis and upper thigh) MRA was acquired from three healthy subjects (26, 27 and 30 yrs). Results: In the grayscale-inverted MIP images (Fig 2) muscle tissue and fat are well suppressed by the subtraction. Even the synovial fluid, which has much longer T2 (>700 ms) than arterial blood, are also removed. Signal from the venous blood is still visible but the major arteries can readily be identified.


Co4N/Co-NC was synthesized through pyrolysis of ZIF-67 and modified with Ru nanoparticles to form Ru-Co4N/Co-NC. The resulting Ru-Co4N/Co-NC is used as a cathode for a Li-O2 battery, which shows good electrochemical performances.


The authors have studied the reactions of salicylaldehyde (I) with simple hydrophosphoryl compounds and of these in conjunction of diethylamine. The homogeneity of the products was shown by means of /sup 31/P NMR and TLC. Their structure was proved by spectral methods and confirmed by elemental analysis. The /sup 31/P NMR spectra are singlets with chemical shifts in the region of 20 ppm, which corresponds to a (hydroxyalkyl) phosphate structure. The PMR spectra contain signals of all the protons and indicate the presence of only one alkoxy group on the phosphorus atom. It should be noted that in the investigation of the PMR spectra in the region in which methylidyne protons are found a distinct splitting of the signal of the methylidyne proton as a result of spin-spin interaction with the hydroxyl proton and the phosphorus atom was obtained only when carefully purified DMSO was used as solvent. /sup 13/C NMR-spectral data also correspond to the proposed structure.


The purpose of this study is to deduce improvement plan through analysis of the type and characteristics of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers, and to establish the traffic safety policies for the elderly drivers. The analyzed result of road traffic accident situation are as follows. Firstly, Traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers were frequent on local roads of poor traffic safety facilities such as lighting. Secondly, The most frequent time zone of Traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers was 18:00 to 20:00, this time zone was mainly darkened. Thirdly, Traffic accidents are often caused by lack of attention occurred by no implementation of safe driving. Institutional Improvement of cosideration for elderly drivers and Traffic Safety Facilities maintenance considering regional particularities is needed for reducing traffic accidents and the safety of our society. Their driving skills of elderly drivers should test themselves constantly, and elderly drivers must hold down driving yourself using the alternative transportation.


BGM (background music) of a video plays an important role for making a video impressive. Although a large number of royalty-free music clips are available on the web, it is still difficult for amateur video creators to select appropriate music clips for their videos. In this paper, we propose a computational method for estimating the impression of a video from auditory and visual features of a video. The impression of a video is modeled as the valence and arousal values. Based on the method, we propose a BGM recommendation system for supporting video creators. Experimental results have shown the effective of the impression estimation of a video based on the valence and arousal model.


A court order prevented 9,000 Californian nurses from striking last week - but staff left their posts anyway during early morning shifts and lunchtime to protest.


In vertebrates, there are different adenylate kinases in the compartments cytosol, mitochondrial intermembrane space, and mitochondrial matrix. Here, we report the spatial structure of the intermembrane species established in two crystal forms by X‐ray diffraction analyses at 1.92 and 2.1 Å resolution. In both structures, the enzyme is unligated, and thus in an "open" conformation. The enzyme was prepared from bovine liver, containing at least five variants arisen from posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. It could only be crystallized after removing some of these variants. A comparison with the known structures of the adenylate kinases from cytosol and mitochondrial matrix reveals structural differences that should play a role in protein targeting because none of these enzymes contains a cleavable signal peptide. A further comparison with adenylate kinases from Gram‐positive bacteria showed that the structural Zn2+ ion of these species is replaced by a strictly conserved assembly of hydrogen bonded residues.


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present and support the idea that the anthropology and value order of Aristotelian and Thomistic virtue ethics provide the necessary prerequisites for furthering a sustainable and human-centred economic order. On this basis a macro- and micro level economic model called "The Three Dimensional Economy" is worked out that is in close relationship with Alford – Naughton's [2001] Common Good Model, since the latter model is focused on the organizational level. Together these two models offer an alternative to current mainstream economic models. Approach: The paper describes the characteristics of virtue ethics from humanistic and economic points of view and proceeds from the hypothesis that "different human value structures will involve different economic orders". In the course of the exposition, the paper makes comparisons between issues seen from the point of view of mainstream economics and from that of virtue ethics, with the latter offered as an alternative paradigm to the mainstream one. The paper first introduces anthropological and then economic phenomena, illustrating that the economic order is built on a human base. Findings: On the basis of the reasoning presented here, and according to the findings of a substantial body of academic literature, we come to the conclusion that Aristotelianism and Thomism can offer an anthropology that fits into the requirements of a sustainable economic and worldly order. A second finding of the paper is that an anthropology and an economic order consistent with the virtue ethics fulfils the requirements of sustainability considerably better than those arising from the mainstream paradigm.


The invention discloses an integrated type temperature control system used for a high-voltage battery. The device comprises a shell used for containing the high-voltage battery, a condenser contained in the shell and located at the bottom of the shell, an evaporator contained in the shell, located above the condenser and communicating with the condenser through a first refrigerant pipeline and a second refrigerant pipeline, an electric compressor connected with the evaporator and the condenser through the first refrigerant pipeline and used for compressing a refrigerant, and an expansion control valve connected with the condenser and the evaporator through the second refrigerant pipeline and used for controlling the flow of the refrigerant in the second refrigerant pipeline, wherein the upper surface of the evaporator is configured to be suitable for containing the high-voltage battery.


Tough Korean architecture and urban environment has been developed for almost 100 years, it still remains various kinds of problems. Many attempts was carried out by every new plan to reduce the problems, it result in requiring more investment than before. It means all the investment for the development has been inefficient and immature to protect economic problems compared with the developed country. For the reason of economic problems it must be studied in historical cases which influenced the economic impacts, before the proposal of index with the economic theory. Searching typical architecture or urban development that brought about economic impacts can be classified into 3 cases. First case is the impact that caused the economic growth, increase, boom like the Westminster & others and the american architectures after the economic crisis. Second case is the impacts that was the origin of decline, shrink in economic as the Palace of Versailles, the skyscrape buildings in america before the economic crisis. Third case is the impact that was the both role of increase and decline in economic as the modern architecture in industrial revolution which led to the national economic growth and the gap between the rich and the poor, and as the american architecture that was the root of crisis and the revival in economic. From the case study, it is clear that architecture has relation with economics in various factors as mass production, labour, and another industries all over the history & the world. Now, architecture strongly needed not only to raise functional, cultural effect and value, but to predict and control the economic impacts with theory from further research of historical cases to policy and practise.


Nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Korea are required to be maintained using a defense in-depth approach to prevent leakage of radioactive substances outside the plant and allow safe shutdown in the event of a fire. Periodic testing must be conducted to ensure that the fire protection facilities perform as required by the laws for various nuclear reactor types. In June 2017, for the first time in Korea, a nuclear plant, Kori Unit 1, was permanently shut down. It was prepared for decommissioning in accordance with the fire protection regulations imposed by the regulatory body. However, a standard protocol is necessary for systematically establishing the fire protection program for decommissioning of NPPs in the future. Therefore, the nuclear legal systems of countries with many operating nuclear power plants, such as the United States, Japan, Canada, and various European countries, were reviewed and guidelines for establishing a fire protection program for decommissioning NPPs was suggested; the fire protection requirements stated by Reg Guide 1.191 (Decommissioning fire protection program for NPPs during decommissioning and permanent shutdown) were used as a model. Suggestions for establishing legal regulations to optimize fire protection programs and secure basic technology for decommissioning NPPs were also made.


With the mutual communication and penetration of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine is common in clinical practice.However, since wes-tern-style doctor is usually lack of traditional Chinese medicine theory knowledge, many problems exist in the combination of Chinese and western medicine.The problem that Chinese medicine containing ephedra alkaloids in combination with western medicine in pediatric medicine is especially serious.Because of the complexity of the children′s drugs, improper use of the ephedra alkaloids is prone to adverse reactions.A comprehensive analysis of drugs containing ephedra alkaloids existing in the pediatric clinical application is performed, and in order to provide guidance for clinical rational drug use.

Key words:
Ephedra alkaloids; Cough and cold medicines; Combination Chinese and western medicine; Reasonable use; Child


Computation performance of in-materio reservoir device was evaluated by varying intensity of noise injection. Materials for the reservoir device was synthesized using a α-Fe2O3/titanium bismuth oxide composite by using the sol–gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by conducting X-ray diffractmetry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to confirm presence of α-Fe2O3, TiO2, and Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles. The I–V and V–t curves show nonlinearity, and phase differences between input and output signals, and the fast Fourier transform of the V–t curve showed high harmonics at the input sine wave with 11 Hz of frequency. In the waveform prediction task, the prediction accuracy was improved only when a small intensity of white noise voltage was superimposed to the input information signal.


An abundance of a certain factor may shape technology adoption. Traditional approaches have used proxies of local technology adoption in combination with immigrant-driven exogenous changes in the factor mix to document this relationship. In this paper, I back-out implied technology adoption from long-run internal migration patterns in Miami relative to a number of controls groups following the Mariel Boatlift. The identifying assumption is that technology adoption explains the part of the wage recovery that cannot be explained by internal migration. Model-based estimates suggest that local technology adoption explains 60 percent of the relative wage recovery in Miami.


Development of E. European nations is a challenge that only few think about it. The Globalization process that helps larger and richer nations hampers the growth of those nations, by increasing free import and destroying local industries. The following seven steps are proposed for assisting small countries to develop themselves: a. Maintaining a stable regime, b. Encouraging individuals creativity and entrepreneurship atmosphere, c. Developing a sense of social solidarity, d. Supporting cooperation and Public Private Partnership, e. Developing and protecting indigenous industries, f. Maintaining an independent banking system, and g. Establishing a compulsive military or a national service. Moving along these lines could accelerate the development of many countries.


The detectability of deep cracks in metal materials is an important performance index of eddy current probes. However, because of the limitations of the skin effect of eddy currents, it is difficult to obtain deep crack information in materials using an ordinary probe. This paper proposes
 a new probe with deep penetrating field trajectories for the inspection of deep cracks. To optimise its performance, contributions of the coil radius, the pick-up position and the excitation frequency to penetration depth of eddy currents are studied. The results show that the capability of
 the new probe in the inspection of deep cracks is greatly improved when compared to traditional pancake probes.


The adsorption of nitric (HNO3) and formic (HCOOH) acids on silica particle surfaces and the effect of adsorbed water have been investigated at 296 K using transmission FTIR spectroscopy. Under dry conditions, both nitric and formic acids adsorb reversibly on silica. Additionally, the FTIR spectra show that both of these molecules remain in the protonated form. At elevated relative humidities (RH), adsorbed water competes both for surface adsorption sites with these acids as well as promotes their dissociation to hydronium ions and the corresponding anions. Compared to HNO3, the extent of dissociation is much smaller for HCOOH, very likely because it is a weaker acid. This study provides valuable insights into the interaction of HNO3 and HCOOH with silica surface on the molecular level and further reveals the complex roles of surface-adsorbed water in atmospheric heterogeneous chemistry of mineral dust particles-many of these containing silica.


(57) Abstract: Comprehensive event generation monitoring system can generate high-level events by combining low-level events. Event specification tool makes it possible to rapidly deploy a comprehensive event processor that a combination of user behavior to generate a high-level event. By using in combination with the inference system, event system can monitor the number of events for a variety of purposes reasoning. The various types of events, the current context, the main data structure of the program state, a series of inputs including an operation made by the user with the mouse control cursor in the middle of performing a dialogue with the graphical user interface, for assistance free word that has been written in the text questions, users of visual information, such as gaze and gesture information, include the voice information. Also, user behavior, building an intelligent user interface system by making an inference model by analyzing the program state, information such as word intention of another user, we calculate the probability for another goal or another information needs, it is to provide a method. Intelligent user interface system monitors the user interaction with the software application, the possibility of the user in performing an in use or a specific task a specific function by applying probabilistic reasoning need assistance To detect. Moreover The intelligent user interface is supplied with the free-text query from the user for assistance, combining inference analysis of inference analysis of the free-text query for user actions and program state. The inference system accesses the updatable rich user profile system always tested for their ability to change the support content provided in response to the user's ability.


Medical students who trained in the 80s often tell of being discouraged by older professors from entering the infectious diseases (ID) field. ID was an ancient specialty, they said, that would soon become extinct: once antibiotics had taken care of infections, there would soon be no further need for the ID specialist. This positivistic and illuminist way of looking at scientific progress as an unstoppable trajectory generating an endless flow of solutions to our problems, was shattered by the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1–4), even if residues of positivistic expectations of medicine still believed that the HIV pandemic would very rapidly be stopped by vaccines. We are still waiting for an HIV vaccine, but thanks to scientific progress, a score of antiretroviral molecules have been created, allowing HIV infection to become a chronic, manageable disease (5). This success inspired a stream of reviews from public health experts suggesting that the health systems of developed nations could be profoundly modified: acute, emergency medicine should be greatly reduced to focus on chronic conditions and rehabilitation (6, 7). Then SARS-CoV-2 arrived in the winter of 2019 (8), took the world by storm, and once again showed us that pathogens, in particular viruses, and the infectious diseases they provoke are far from being defeated. Pathogens, in our case viruses, infect hosts. Infections are faced, fought, and if everything goes well, defeated to restore health by the immune system. Viruses appeared on earth more than 3 billion years ago along with the first cells; they survived by constantly mutating and adapting to plants, insects, animals and humans. Viruses are transmitted through an immense variety of vectors, from mosquitoes to primates, and are responsible for an only partially understood panoply of diseases: from acute and short-lasting systemic infections to tumors. Viruses and the immune response are engaged in a constant arm-to-arm race. Viruses employ an extended array of mechanisms and mutate to escape immune recognition and/or develop mechanisms that will allow them to establish more successful, more diffuse infections. Molecules, proteins and cells that are part of the immune system constantly hone their ability to recognize pathogens, diminishing their ability to penetrate into cells and replicate within the host (9, 10). We currently understand a minuscule portion of this race; to abuse an overused metaphor, we have barely explored the tip of the iceberg, but, as COVID has shown us, knowledge needs to be accumulated to allow the rapid development of novel therapeutic and vaccinal approaches.


. Thanks to the deductive verifier KeY, the formal verification of Java programs has a long-standing tradition at Karlsruhe. The design of KeY implies some properties that can restrict its use in real-world application cases: (1) Verifying long, code-intensive methods with many instructions or bit-wise operations is difficult even if their behaviour is not overly complex, and (2) tracking formal guarantees through unverified code is difficult if not impossible using KeY. To mitigate these weak spots, we introduce the Karlsruhe Java Verification Suite , a collection of formal Java verification tools that work with the Java Modeling Language (JML). Complementing KeY, the suite comprises JJBMC , a bounded model checker for Java and JML and the Property Checker , a type checker for user-defined property types. In this paper, we first discuss formally how tools sharing a common specification language can share distributed obligations in a general setting, and then specialise this to the case of Java and our tool suite. In a case study, we show that the Karlsruhe Java Verification Suite can verify a program that none of the three components could have proved alone.


Issue number 1 of Iowa Ornithologists Union newsletter titled "The bulletin". Volume number is not available on the publication. The bulletin was published quarterly and title eventually changed to "Iowa bird life".


This investigation was undertaken at the suggestion of Professor Horsley, in order to determine the seat of origin of the fits in absinthe epilepsy and to find out what share the motor cortex or other portion of the cerebral hemisphere, the basal ganglia, cerebellum, or the centres in the medulla and spinal cord, might take in the production of the fit. For this purpose numerous lesions were made both in the brain and spinal cord of the cat, and absinthe administered immediately after, or after the lapse of days or weeks. The results of the absinthe stimulation were recorded by the graphic method.


The idea that power relations have systemic consequences for behavior in organizations is too abstract to be meaningful to many students. This article focuses on a simulation of a hierarchical manufacturing firm designed to promote an experiential understanding of how behavior is shaped by the distribution of power in organizations. The exercise may also generate learning on topics such as attributions, motivation, communication, and conflict. The author discusses how and why she developed the simulation, its strengths and drawbacks, and student reactions. The appendix provides detailed instructions for conducting the exercise.


This paper contains two main sections. In the first one, we illustrate the technological interest of crystals of the sillenite family and we present our powerful methods of investigation in some details. These are essentially optical absorption and magnetic circular dichroism at liquid helium temperatures, down to 4000 cm-1. The latter is also used to detect electron paramagnetic resonance optically and to tag a given absorption component to a specific paramagnetic, intrinsic or extrinsic, defect. In the second part, we present a variety of experimental results and interpretations dealing with undoped crystals and with samples doped with transition ions of the iron (Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu) group. Emphasis is put on the assignment of ligand field bands in the near infrared, since these are used to monitor the site, charge state, and amount of the dopants in a thermally bleached state or after various illuminations.


The relationship between autism spectrum disorders and deafness continues to be one that is relatively unexplored. When autism and deafness occur together, a diagnosis of either condition may be missed or diagnosed late. For example, a deaf child may be diagnosed severely autistic only because it seems that comprehension and receptive abilities are lacking and a hearing test is simply not administered. Conversly, an individual may be diagnosed as deaf because a physician explains away atypical behavior as characteristic of being deaf, failing to consider autism. Truth is, however, it is highly probable that the two occur together, more so than previously thought (Garreau, Barthelemy, & Sauvage, 1984 as cited in Roper et al., 2003). In this survey study, this relationship is explored further, surveying the administrators of schools for the deaf around the nation. In doing so, those with first-hand experience describe: the areas in which deaf children with autism struggle the most, methods that best help this population of students learn, and which approaches to communication work best.


The mathematical concept of minimal atomicity is extended to fractal minimal atomicity, based on the nondifferentiability of the motion curves of physical system entities on a fractal manifold. For this purpose, firstly, different results concerning minimal atomicity from the mathematical procedure of the Quantum Measure Theory and also several physical implications are obtained. Further, an inverse method with respect to the common developments concerning the minimal atomicity concept has been used, showing that Quantum Mechanics is identified as a particular case of Fractal Mechanics at a given scale resolution. More precisely, for fractality through Markov type stochastic processes, i.e., fractalization through stochasticization, the standard Schrödinger equation is identified with the geodesics of a fractal space for motions of the physical system entities on nondifferentiable curves on fractal dimension two at Compton scale resolution. In the one-dimensional stationary case of the fractal Schrödinger type geodesics, a special symmetry induced by the homographic group in Barbilian's form "makes possible the synchronicity" of all entities of a given physical system. The integral and differential properties of this group under the restriction of defining a parallelism of directions in Levi-Civita's sense impose correspondences with the "dynamics" of the hyperbolic plane so that harmonic mappings between the ordinary flat space and the hyperbolic one generate (by means of a variational principle) a priori probabilities in Jaynes' sense. The explicitation of such situation specifies the fact that the hydrodynamical variant of a Fractal Mechanics is more easily approached and, from this, the fact that Quantum Measure Theory can be a particular case of a possible Fractal Measure Theory.


Objective Prepare the acelluar small intestinal submucosa(SIS) to heal the rat skin wounds to supply the evidence for the construction of the skin tissue engineering.Methods Prepare SIS,the full skin losing model of Wistar rats were established.All Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: group A,skin wounds were bound up with SIS;group B,bound up with iodoform Vaseline gauza;group C,served as blank control.specimens were collected from the wounds at several stages,the healing process in 3 groups was observed grossly and histologically.Results The SIS adhered to the wound did not cause immune reaction and infection,as for the speed of healing,wound under SIS was the fastest,then under the iodoform Vaseline gauze,blank control came to the last.scar wre not found around the wounds bound with SIS and the skin accessories also grow well;while the wounds in rest two groups were healed with scars and the skin accessories only grew on the margin of wounds.Conclusion The SIS is suitable to be used as cell scaffold for the skin tissue engineering.


We investigated collaborative problem solving in a teaching experiment organized for 32 university sophomores in a computing environment. The participating teacher was trained by us and students were supplied with kits, interfaces and computers equipped with programming tools for a 8051 micro-chip. Student activities were video-recorded and the analysis proceeded through writing video-protocols, editing into episodes and then classification into categories. The data show that typical learning processes were collaborative (51% of all episodes). Students worked quite independently of the teacher, as they learned to use the programming tool autonomously in their projects. It appears, however, that more teacher support, such as introducing handbooks, planning tools and advanced programming skills, would have been an advantage, and non-group interactions would provide more help in the problem-solving process. Some ideas for the further development of study procedures in modern learning environments are discussed.