In the present study the genetic defects of CVM (Complex Vertebral Malformations) in Holstein cow populations of Tehran and Alborz provinces has been studied. In this disease, the dead calve is born earlier with some disorders like a short neck, badly shaped legs, vertebral malformations, attached ribs and sometimes with cardiac abnormalities. Determination of genetic deficiency of CVM was performed by studying blood and sperm (semen) samples by now. This is the first time that this subject has been performed through milk somatic cells. In this research, milk samples of 120 cow populations, each of which was the agent of 100-400 milking cows, was evaluated in three stages separately. The samples, after collecting from the milk tank were transported to the research laboratory of agriculture college and sample DNAs were extracted. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using specific primer couples to reproduce the 233bp from the chromosome of 3 axons from 4 SLC35A3 genes. Enzymatic digestion was performed on SLC35A3 genes of polymerase chain reaction production using Eco T22 I enzyme to determine the genetic deficiency carriers of CVM and was electrophoresis on Agarose 1.5%. The results showed that there is a mutation of G to T in 599 genes of SLC35A3 in 26 cows of studied Holstein cows in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Then two herds containing 110 and 130 milking cows were randomly selected. Then after molecular test 8 cows were identified as carrier. In these two herds, a total of AA, AB genotypes were identified in 232, 8 cows in mentioned herd, which equals about 97% and 3% but due to abortion of recessive homozygote in the early growth stages, unavailability of mutant dead calves and lack of using sperms carrying the mutant gene, BB genotypes number were observed and recorded as 0%.


Title アマモ場に生息する細菌による麻痺性貝毒渦鞭毛藻 Alexandrium tamarense の防除に関する生理生態学的研究 [論文内容及び審査の要旨] Author(s) 大西, 由花 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(水産科学) 甲第11321号 Issue Date 2014-03-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/55356 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Yuka_Onishi_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


Education is considered as a great equalizer and an important vehicle for the upliftment of human beings without any discrimination. Due to the enormous benefits of education on the overall development of human beings, it has been considered as a fundamental human right and all the national governments along with the help of international organizations are working towards the realization of education as basic human right. India, immediately after its independence, starts working towards the universalization of elementary education in the country. However, even today, the gender and social disparities in the access to education is a serious concern for the policy planners of the country. The latest development regarding the school education in India is Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan and one of the major objectives of the scheme is to bridge the social and gender gaps in school education.


We present a density‐functional study on the mobility of cadmium (Cd) and tellurium (Te) adsorbate atoms on the reconstructed Te‐terminated (001) CdTe (2 × 1) surface. Two‐dimensional potential energy surfaces as a function of the position of the adsorbate atom on the surface were calculated. For Cd as well as Te adsorption, two potential minima were found. The binding energies amount to −2. and −0.71 eV for Cd (−2.8 and −1.4 eV for Te). At any position of the surface, Te adsorption is found to be stronger than that of Cd. Our results indicate that an adsorption of a Te atom at the reconstructed Te‐terminated (001) CdTe (2 × 1) surface leads to adsorbates which may move along the surface due to their thermal energy. In the opposite, Cd adsorbate atoms are essentially trapped in the global minimum and desorption is expected to be much more likely than motion along the surface.


A TRIGA Mark II reactor, designated as FiR 1'' and designed by the General Atomics Corp. was dedicated on March 31, 1962, at Otaniemi-(Finland). The reactor went critical for the first time on March 27, 1952, at 4:10 p.m. The effective power of the reactor is 100 kw(t); it uses 2.28 kg of 20% enriched U/ sup 235/ as fuel and has an average core flux level of about 1.6. 10/sup 12/ n/ cm/sup 2/ sec. The Institute of Technology of Helsinki operates the reactor on behalf of the Finnish Government. Five other TRIGA reactors are at present in operation or under construction in Europe, - at Rome, Vienna, Geneva, Mainz, and Otaniemi. The small subcritical assembly at Otaniemi will continue to be used for teaching and training purposes. (TTT)


Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the canine brain were acquired during investigation of dogs with neurologic disease. A paramagnetic contrast medium was used for enhancement. MR provided images with excellent contrast between grey and white matter, as well as brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Good resolution and anatomic detail of the canine brain were obtained. A series of images was compiled and labelled as a reference for MR anatomy of the canine brain.


Phenolic compound contents and scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals in twelve fern species were studied by analysing ultrasonification extraction of dried aerial parts and rhizomes using methanol solvent. Total polyphenol content ranged from 2.97 to 140.1 mg per 1 g dried sample and 0.80 to fresh sample. Highest polyphenol content was obtained with aerial part of Davallia mariesii and Polystichum lepidocaulon. Total flavonoid content of dried sample was and fresh sample . Higher flavonoids were obtained with dried aerial part of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, but with fresh aerial part of P. lepidocaulon. In general, total polyphenol content was higher in rhizomes, except in case of total flavonoid. Scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radicals was higher with rhizome extracts compared to aerial parts. The rhizome of Polystichum polyblepharum showed highest effects on both radicals. However, the amount of fresh sample for with consideration of water content and extraction yield. P. lepidocaulon aerial part was more advantageous than P. polyblepharum rhizome. All the fern extracts except for the Coniogramme japonica extract demonstrated superior scavenging effects on ABTS radicals, being similar activity of ascorbic acid and BHT.


We consider testing the covariance structure in statistical models. We focus on developing such tests when the random vectors of interest are not directly observable and have to be derived via estimated models. Additionally, the covariance specification may involve extra nuisance parameters which also need to be estimated. In a generic additive model setting, we develop and investigate test statistics based on the maximum discrepancy measure calculated from the residuals. To approximate the distributions of the test statistics under the null hypothesis, new multiplier bootstrap procedures with dedicated adjustments that incorporate the model and nuisance parameter estimation errors are proposed. Our theoretical development elucidates the impact due to the estimation errors with high-dimensional data and demonstrates the validity of our tests. Simulations and real data examples confirm our theory and demonstrate the performance of the proposed tests.


Background:It has been demonstrated that thalidomide and its analogs possess immunomodulatory,anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects.Some of the immunomodulatory activities,together with the anti-angiogenic,anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties,are believed to mediate anti-tumor responses as observed in multiple myeloma and some solid tumors.Aims:To investigate the effect of thalidomide on cytodynamics and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of human pancreatic cancer cells,and to assess the possibility of thalidomide in clinical adjuvant therapy of pancreatic cancer.Methods:After intervention of thalidomide for 48 hours,human pancreatic cancer cell line Patu-8988 was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry for cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis.Expression of VEGF mRNA in Patu-8988 cells was determined by RT-PCR.Results:Compared with Patu-8988 cells treated with DMSO,the growth inhibition rate,percentage of G0/G1 phase cells,and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased in Patu-8988 cells treated with different concentrations of thalidomide(P0.05);mRNA expressions of two VEGF isoforms,VEGF121 and VEGF165,were significandy decreased in thalidomide-treated Patu-8988 cells than in DMSO-treated ones(P 0.05). Conclusions:Thalidomide may exert anti-pancreatic cancer effect in multiple aspects,including inhibition of proliferation, induction of G0/G1 phase arrest and early apoptosis,as well as suppression of tumor angiogenesis by VEGF transcription inhibition in cancer cells.


Gas turbines are high value industrial assets with significant roles in various kinds of industrial processes, health management systems are therefore important for helping maintaining gas turbines' stability in long-term operations. With more and more performance data able to be collected by sensors and the new machine learning methods developed, researchers are able to build more powerful digital models to monitor the gas turbine.
 This paper introduces a performance parameters alarm scheme for gas turbine using an adaptive state following model. The proposed scheme consist of 3 parts: Part 1, a dynamically adaptive multi-part neural network trained using performance data that can simulate different parts of gas turbine and output "normal" sensor data to make comparison with the actual data collected; Part 2, a group of thresholds set according to system noise that flags sudden failures by sensing performance parameter outliers, this also decides which data should be used to update the neural network; Part 3, a recorder for "reference point" outputs that can reflect change of the gas turbine's status and detect long-term degradation.
 Unlike traditional approaches, the proposed adaptive states following model separates long term degradation and short term sudden failure, therefore both faults can be detected more accurately. The core of the proposed method is that physical properties are embedded into the neural network as constraints to regulate training and make the model more interpretable. In our scheme, a gas turbine is divided into 4 parts referencing the equipment's physical mechanism, they are simulated digitally by 4 sub corresponding networks, which are then combined into the proposed integrated network. The proposed scheme achieves an overall pleasing result and shows potential in gas turbine fault analysis.


This paper explores the perceptions of school learning mentors with respect to their professional development and emerging professional identity. Although tentative, the emergence of two distinct professional identities is reported in this study: first, an instrumental technical identity characterized by compliance; and second, a creative professional identity characterized by an active involvement in the creation of one's own professionality. Emerging differences in identity appear to be influenced by feelings of security in school learning mentors' role definition and sense of purpose and by the power differential they perceive between themselves and qualified teaching staff. The findings have implications for the present workforce remodelling agenda in England and Wales, intended, in part, to facilitate the work of teachers via greater professionalization of learning support assistants. It is suggested that the leadership and management of schools hosting learning mentors and other learning support assistants should further consider their approach to the professionality of this important group of workers if frustrated identity claims, dissatisfaction, poor morale and their exit from the education service is to be avoided.


That, which has taken up our attention, and astonish'd us most, is the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. As it was surprising prodigy of nature, I shall, for your amusement, fill up the reminder of this paper with what I remark'd, and was informed of relative to it.


To the Editors:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a dreadful, chronic and irreversibly progressive fibrosing disease lacking any effective treatment and leading to death in all affected patients [1, 2]. The scientific community is becoming aware that corticosteroids and immunosuppressors have failed to prove any efficacy concerning both mortality and the prevention of devastating complications, such as IPF acute exacerbations [1, 3]. Not only has this approach proven ineffective, but also harmful. Recently, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Bethesda, MD, USA) aborted the continuation of treatment of combined prednisone, azathioprine and N -acetylcysteine (one arm of the three-arm multicentre PANTHER-IPF clinical trial) due to safety concerns [4]. The results of the interim analyses revealed that patients with IPF receiving the conventionally used triple-drug therapy consisting of prednisone, azathioprine and N -acetylcysteine had worse outcomes than those who received matched placebos. Thus, the need for an effective and safe treatment for IPF is still being pursued in several clinical trials.

Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-[1H]-pyridone), a novel compound with anti-inflammatory, antifibrogenic and antioxidant properties, appears promising in IPF patients [1, 2 …


WRAPPED FOOD The exposure on slabs and counters of foods to be consumed uncooked and their handling by ungloved assistants is a constant and disturbing reminder of how readily disease can be transferred by way of the things we eat. One solution to this problem is the efficient wrapping of food, so that it may be handled freely before it is taken home to be unpacked and consumed. But as soon as standards are raised to the point where shoppers recognize the undoubted benefits of having food wrapped, so then are new voices quite reasonably raised to question the possible dangers that such a technological advance might bring in its train. Old threats to health from bacteria are apt to be forgotten in this sudden crusade for protection from chemical contamination. It is not now a question of whether that sliced meat contained a few salmonellae from the fingers of the shop assistant suffering from some intestinal upset, but do those nicely wrapped slices now contain a few milligrammes of a chemical that can be shown in the laboratory to poison animals? Under the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, " a food is deemed to be adulterated if its container is composed in whole or part of any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render the contents injurious to health."' The law is not so clearly defined in this country, but obviously it is important to ensure that wrapping food does not protect it from one hazard only to incur another. The danger from a food wrapping can only arise if the wrapping itself contains a toxic ingredient which migrates into wrapped food. This problem has recently been faced by the British Plastics Federation, which has issued a report of the toxicity subcommittee of its technical committee.2 The first part of this report suggests methods of assessing the migration of any ingredient of a plastic from the wrapping or container into the food or drink contained within it. No reasonable criticism can be levelled against the conditions suggested for the test, though analytical chemists may well feel some doubt about their ability to measure the migration of many of the plasticizers and stabilizers listed in the appendix into such media as olive oil. To assess any hazard to the consumer the amounts of a substance that can migrate must be considered in relation to the toxicity of that substance. The report does its best to face up to the fact that "toxicity" is not a property that can be measured simply in the way that " melting point," "solubility," or other physical property can be deter-


This paper describes an efficient and robust algorithm for computing a common refinement of two meshes modeling a common surface of arbitrary shape by overlaying them on top of each other. A common refinement is an important data structure for transferring data between meshes that have different topological structures. Our algorithm is optimal in time and space, with linear complexity. Special treatments are introduced to handle discretization and rounding errors and to ensure robustness with imprecise computations. It also addresses the additional complexities caused by degeneracies, sharp edges, sharp corners, and nonmatching boundaries. The algorithm has been implemented and demonstrated to be robust for complex geometries from real-world applications.


We study the error threshold of topological color codes on Union Jack lattices that allow for the full implementation of the whole Clifford group of quantum gates. After mapping the error-correction process onto a statistical mechanical random three-body Ising model on a Union Jack lattice, we compute its phase diagram in the temperature-disorder plane using Monte Carlo simulations. Surprisingly, topological color codes on Union Jack lattices have a similar error stability to color codes on triangular lattices, as well as to the Kitaev toric code. The enhanced computational capabilities of the topological color codes on Union Jack lattices with respect to triangular lattices and the toric code combined with the inherent robustness of this implementation show good prospects for future stable quantum computer implementations.


We carried out some examination about enriched rice sold in city. The contents of VB1 of the rice mixed with enriched one, and loss of the vitamin when cooked and stored were inspected.We concluded that suggestion and advice must be given to rice dealers as well as enriched rice producers about how to treat and way of producing the enriched one.


The mortality cases caused by influenza virus are offen associated with the secondary bacterial infection, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in particularly. The mechanisms underlying the interaction between the virus and the bacteria are unclear at present. The damage of normal protective epithelial layer and changes in airway function caused by influenza virus provides increased numbers of attachment sites and culture spaces for the bacteria. The effect of influenza on immune system is a further opportunity for subsequent bacterial infection. The synergistic effect between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae might not be unidirectional. The bacteria caused the secondary infection could enhance the pathogenicity of the virus. The bacterium-derived proteases could cleave hemagglutinin to its active components that are required for infectivity of the virus. The effect of the bacteria on the virus could enhance the lethality of the primary viral disease, which can explain why antibiotic therapy was less successful to treat the influenza patient with subsequent bacteria infection. Effective strategies to prevent and treat the severe diseases could be suggested based on the knowledge of interaction between virus and bacteria.

Key words:
Influenza virus;  Streptococcus pneumoniae;  Interaction


In this work, inhibition efficiency of two sets of tested inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors was investigated using PM6 semiempirical and B3LYP/6-31G* levels. The experimental inhibition of both sets were investigated qualitatively to seek a correlation with computed quantum mechanical descriptors including energy of frontier orbitals (HOMO, LUMO), surface potential maxima and minima (Vmax, Vmin), positive area, and minimum local ionization potential (Imin). In most of the cases in the two sets of inhibitors, corrosion inhibition efficiency was qualitatively correlated with the computed Imin which are significantly larger than their HOMO counterparts. These important findings can be further employed to seek any common features that govern the inhibition activity and mechanism of action for both inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors.


Chemical modification of BiVO4 nanoparticles (Scheelite, EG = 2.62 eV) with chemically deposited Co3O4 nanoparticles improves the photocatalytic water oxidation activity by a factor of 17 to 11 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light (AQE 10% at 435 nm) and to 1.24 mmol g−1 h−1 under sunlight from aqueous 0.02 M NaIO4. This activity ranks among the highest among known visible light driven water oxidation photocatalysts. Based on systematic electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and surface photovoltage measurements, the high photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the electrocatalytic properties of the Co3O4 cocatalyst and to the formation of a heterojunction at the BiVO4–Co3O4 interface.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and awareness in managing hepatitis B patients among dental students. It is a cross sectional study. Around 150 subjects were selected for the study. The subjects were asked to answer 25 multiple choice questions. Comparative graphs are made based upon the results obtained. These groups helps in evaluating the knowledge in managing hepatitis B patients. This study shows a overall level of knowledge is fairly good. This study also reflects the need of advising screening and diagnostic tests for dental students and HBV.


This paper presents the past, present, and our view on future user requirements and tool functionalities supporting Globally Distributed Software Teams and highlights the changing emphasis in these user requirements.


Thus any (standard) regenerative event can be represented by a Markov process on a continuous state space. It follows, for example, that the fact that poo(t) is almost everywhere differentiate is a consequence of the regenerative property of the state 0, but the deeper result that poo(t) is everywhere differentiate requires also the discrete nature of the state space. It is possible to extend the whole theory to take in properties of several states simultaneously, by considering systems of regenerative events. In particular, we can examine the transition probabilities pij(t) (i^j) of a Markov chain. The theory may also be applied to certain Markov processes with continuous state space, and so, via the method of supplementary variables, to some non-Markovian processes. It is hoped to publish elsewhere a detailed account of the theory summarised here, and of its various applications. I am deeply grateful to Professor D. G. Kendall for much helpful discussion, and also to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for financial support.


Aim of the Study: To investigate the long-term (24 months FU) results of continuous intrathecal morphine infusion on functional abilities and quality of life in patients suffering from chronic low back and leg non-cancer pain. Materials and Methods: 44 patients, at with chronic non-cancer pain, unresponsive to multimodal analgesic therapy, were selected after a three week trial period with epidural infusion of morphine*. The sample size as been defined by ethics committee because of a prospectical and observational study. After informed consent and positive trial period, patients underwent to implantation of an intrathecal morphine infusion programmable pump. Pain intensity (VAS: 0-100), functional abilities (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), and quality of life (Short Form 36 Health Survey, SF-36) were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 months after the implantation. Adverse side effects and complications were also recorded in order to investigate the safety of the therapy. Results: 43 patients reached the 12 months follow up (FU) and 39 of them reached the 24 months FU. Back and leg pain significantly decreased from baseline to 12 months FU visits (p<0.001). Performance Functional Status, evaluated with ODI, significantly improved from baseline to each FU visit (p<0.001). For what concerns Quality of Life analysed with SF-36 questionnaire, at 12 months a significant improvement was obtained in Physical Component and Mental Component Scores (p<0.001), we had significant scores also at 24 months (p<0.001). Conclusions: continuous intrathecal morphine infusion, using implantable programmable pumps, is helpful for pain control, and shows functional activity, patients' health status and quality of life could also be improved.


over a million dollars; and almost all of it was spent on services to members-conferences, projects, seminars, symposiums, publications, and programs of committees. A little over one-fourth of the income was expended for staff salaries and general travel for committees and staff. Although the annual audit of finances is often less than exciting, may I call attention to the statement of the financial condition of NASSP, which is appended to my report. [See pages 101-103.] It is a challenge to our ingenuity and imagination to develop and finance plans for the kinds of projects and professional services that promise to be of greatest benefit to secondary education. In this way, the members of the Association and the schools they represent are expected to benefit.


Four cultivars(lines) of brown cotton and five cultivars of white cotton were selected as parents,and 20 obverse crosses and 20 inverse crosses were obtained with the design of incomplete diallel cross.The photosynthetic parameters,including net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO2 concentration,chlorophyll content and so on,were determined to analyze photosynthetic characters of the parents and their reciprocal crosses in boll opening stage.The heterosis produced by the reciprocal cross F1 was investigated and the correlation coefficients were estimated among the photosynthetic parameters.The results showed that there were no obvious positive effects on the mid-parent heterosis and the heterosis over the better parent of F1 in the photosynthetic parameters.As to the cytoplasm effect,except for intercellular CO2 concentration,there was no significant difference in other parameters between obverse cross and inverse cross,which suggested that intercellular CO2 concentration was affected by cytoplasm.Moreover,intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly positive correlation with chlorophyll content in the obverse cross,and with photosynthetic rate in the inverse cross,respectively.


Recent development of high power femtosecond pulse modelocked VECSEL with gigahertz pulse repetition rates sparked an increased interest from the scientific community due to the broad field of applications for such sources, such as frequency metrology, high-speed optical communication systems or high-resolution optical sampling. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time a colliding pulse modelocked VECSEL, where the VECSEL gain medium and a semiconductor saturable absorber (SESAM) are placed inside a ring cavity. This cavity geometry provides both a practical and an efficient way to get optimum performance from a modelocked laser system. The two counter propagating pulses in our ring cavity synchronize in the SESAM because the minimum energy is lost when they saturate the absorber together. This stronger saturation of the absorber increases the stability of the modelocking and reduces the overall losses of the laser for a given intra-cavity fluence, leading to a lower modelocking threshold. This also allows the generation of fundamental modelocking at a relatively low repetition rate (<GHz) with a higher output power compared to conventional VECSEL cavity. We obtained a total output power of 2.2W with an excellent beam quality, a pulse repetition rate of 1GHz and a pulse duration ranging from 1ps to 3ps. The emitted spectrum was centered at 1007nm with a FWHM of 3.1nm, suggesting that shorter pulses can be obtained with adequate dispersion compensation. The laser characteristics such as the pulse duration and stability are studied in detail.


By using the method of questionnaire investigation , documentary and mathematical statistics, this article makes an investigation on women's physical activity condition. The result shows that the motivation of par ticipating in sports activity for women is multiple. The events of selection, fo rm, place have obvious age characteristics. The main factor that affects them to participate in physical activity is heavy housework, busy work, having no time and no interest.


: Detecting presence of an object in digital holograms is an important consideration in many applications. We propose a novel method that works directly in the hologram plane to determine the presence or absence of an object.


In the present study, five various treatment doses of Bacillus subtilis ( BS ) were examined associated with the growth rate, some tissues and genes for the Litopenaeus vannamei ( L. vannamei ). BS was


This paper understands mental attitudes such as emotions and desires to be dispositions to behavior. It also acknowledges that people are often ambivalent, i.e., that they may hold opposed attitudes towards something or someone. Yet the first position seems to entail that ambivalence is either tantamount to paralysis or a contradictory notion. I identify the problem as based on a reductive interpretation of the dispositional character of attitudes and of ambivalence. The paper instead defends a post-Davidsonian view of the basic rationality of human life. By focussing on desire and emotion we can see that the mutually exclusive ways of life involved in ambivalence are manifested in the person's conduct. PETER LONGS TO SEE HIS EX-GIRLFRIEND Sandra, even while he is also scared of such a meeting and repelled by the prospect. Sandra's friend has won a professional position for which Sandra had also applied. She is both happy and unhappy that he has got the position.


Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to uncover the process by which nursing faculty make reasonable academic accommodations in the clinical environment for nursing students with orthopedic impairments. Background: Accommodating students with disabilities is necessary in nursing education. Unfortunately, policies, procedures, and practices for accommodation in nursing education are lacking. Nursing faculty lack resources for accommodation implementation for students with disabilities. Method: Constructivist grounded theory methods according to Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed. ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage guided data collection and analysis. Results: Two defined processes were uncovered. "Faculty Perceptions of Their Experience Navigating the Clinical Accommodation Process" discusses external factors that affected implementation. "Reaching the Bottom Line" describes the essential elements of the implementation process. Conclusion: Seven steps of the accommodation process were identified. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of each step and explore possible ways to mitigate numerous barriers to the accommodation process which participants also described.


Medical personnel and researchers have called for more information on how to treat depression related to Parkinson's disease. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been identified as the National Health Service treatment of choice for a range of psychological disorders and is increasingly applied to depression associated with chronic medical conditions. The present paper will review the relevant literature on CBT treatment effectiveness and the nature of depression in Parkinson's disease before suggesting how CBT might be adapted to assist this client group. Parkinson's disease, depression, CBT. 2 The Feasibility of Using Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depression associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Literature Review. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) by reviewing the relevant literature. CBT has been successful in reducing symptoms of depression in people with diverse chronic and neurological conditions (Price & Cooper, 1999; Moorey & Greer, 1989; Morley, Eccleston & Williams, 1999), and medical specialists have suggested CBT might also be appropriate to use with depression associated with Parkinson's disease (Meara & Koller, 2000; Playfer & Hindle, 2001). However as there have been few studies endorsing the effectiveness of psychological therapies for PD depression, there is a need to examine research in related fields to see if the CBT treatment option for PD depression is likely to be effective. There are sound clinical reasons for considering the merits of using CBT for depression associated with PD including; a) depression affects a substantial proportion of people with PD, b) PD depression is often not treated, and c) pharmacological treatment approaches do not always seem to work. Findings supporting each of these statements will be briefly reviewed before presenting an overview of the principle cognitive model of depression and compatible health psychology models. Secondly, the extent to which CBT has been helpful with client groups who share some features with people with PD will be outlined. Finally, literature on the nature of depression in PD will be covered along with the implications for using a cognitive intervention. Parkinson's disease, depression, CBT. 3 Brief Overview of Depression in Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative illness (Mastermann & Cummings, 1998). It is an age related disorder, and although some people can develop symptoms in the third decade, the average age of onset is reported to be seventy (Mutch & Lien, 2001). Characteristic symptoms include akinesia (difficulties with movement), rigidity and tremor. These cardinal features would appear to be related to the degeneration of doparninergic cells within the substantia nigra, one of three brain nuclei comprising the basal ganglia, located in the subcortical region of the brain (Bergaman & Deuschl, 2002). In addition to disorders of movement, people can experience a range of neuropsychiatric complaints, the most common of which is depression (Aarsland et al., 1999). Prevalence. Providing a reliable estimate of how many people with PD also have depression has proved difficult because studies have employed different assessment methods. However two meta analyses have noted prevalence rates of over 40 per cent for minor depression and 11 per cent for major depression (Cummings, 1992; Miyawaki, Meah, Kormos & Tarsy, 1996). These figures may underestimate the true extent of PD depression as symptoms of low mood such as psychornotor etardation and flat affect can be masked by those of PD, which implies a potential for missed diagnosis. Whatever the current scale of the problem, it would be fair to say that increases in the life expectancy of the general population will result in a rise in PD and associated problems such as depression. Parkinson's disease, depression, CBT. 4 There are data to suggest that people with PD are more likely to experience depressive symptoms than people with other chronic medical conditions. A study of over 200,000 patient records demonstrated that people with PD have a greater risk for developing depression than patients with arthritis or diabetes (Nilsson, Lars, Sorensen, Andersen & Bolwig, 2002). The severity of depression in PD has been found to be equal to or greater than that found in other neurodegenerative conditions (Levy et al., 1998; Gilley, 1990). Treatment availabili1y. Given the extent and potential consequences of living with depression, it is surprising to find that symptoms of low mood are rarely treated. Studies suggest between 50-93% of people with depression associated with PD do not receive any treatment, with pharmacotherapy being the only option offered to a minority of patients (Richard & Kulan, 1997; Cantello, Riccio, Scarzella, Leotta & Bergamasco, 1984; Lapane, Fernadez & Friedman 1999; Meara, Mitchelmore & Hobson, 1999). There are mixed opinions regarding the use of drugs to treat depression in PD with most reviews highlighting the lack of outcome data and the potential toxic effects of antidepressant medication as reasons to be cautious (Klaasen et al., 1995; 'Cummings & Mastennan, 1999; NINDS, 2001; Bum, 2002). In short, there are substantial disease specific reasons why it would be useful to consider the role of psychological therapies for


A steady increase in groundwater use in the Chateauguay River watershed has led to potential conflicts between various groundwater users. This study summarizes the quantity and sustainability estimations of the groundwater resources within this basin. Regional sustainability is defined with simulated drawdowns from uniform withdrawal scenarios compared to water levels obtained without any withdrawal. Three sustainable conditions are defined: sustainable withdrawal, withdrawal with increased drawdown, and unsustainable withdrawal. The current withdrawal rate of 34 Mm3/yr results in a median drawdown of 1.5 m, compared to pre-development conditions. This drawdown is well within the range considered sustainable, an indication that regional aquifers are not currently overexploited. A hypothetical pumping rate of 48 Mm3/yr, resulting in an average drawdown of 2.2 m, is the estimated sustainable limit. Increasing exploitation from 48 to 122 Mm3/yr would need tight control and planning. Withdrawal rates beyond 122 Mm3/yr are judged not sustainable as the regional median drawdown would exceed 8 m. The water levels in recharge areas are the most sensitive to groundwater extraction. The combination of aquifer sensitivity to recharge variations, simulated drawdown maps, and aquifer vulnerability to surface contamination reveals the most sensitive areas of the regional aquifers, areas that would need particular attention and protection by groundwater managers.


> " … The first essential step in the direction of learning any subject is to find principles of numerical reckoning and practicable methods for measuring some quality connected with it. I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind ."
>
> —Baron William Thomson Kelvin1
There was a time in the not too distant past when the value of a scientific observation was determined simply by peer response to its communication. Through local lectures, presentations at national and international scientific meetings, and, ultimately, publication, the scientific community became aware of a new finding and assessed its potential importance and impact. Put another way, the quality of a scientific observation was determined by the extent of acclamation of the community within which it took root: Good scientists knew good science when they saw it. Full stop.

Article see p 1038

With the advent of the digital revolution, the development of international databases of published articles, and the ready ability to analyze these data sets, things changed. Beginning in the 1950s,1 and cooperatively exploiting their natural tendency to measure phenomena in the world around them, members of the scientific and information communities began to conceive of bibliometric indices that might be used to define the impact of a scientific publication and the journal in which it was published. An initial impetus for developing the first of these parameters, the science citation index,3 was to assist librarians in managing bibliographic control and costs effectively. The citation index quantifies the number of citations a particular publication receives, and this information is used, in turn, to calculate a journal-specific parameter, the journal …


Seedlings emerging from soil, duff and litter samples from four microsites (duff, transition, interspace, shrub) and four successional stages (grass-forb, shrub-tree, tree-shrub, tree) were recorded for 6 weeks. Seed reserves in soils decreased in number and species diversity from early to late successional stages. Of seedlings emerging, 890% were annuals. The shrub microsite from the shrub-tree stage had the highest total and perennial seed reserves. As shrub cover decreased, the transition microsite between the duff and interspace became the most important source of total seed reserves, and the duff microsite became the most important source of perennial seed reserves. INTRODUCTION The temporal and spatial variation in seed reserves in soils is an important component in modeling succession (Major and Pyott, 1966; Livingston and Allessio, 1968; Kellman, 1970). Previous studies found that seed reserves decline from early to late stages of succession (Oosting and Humphreys, 1940; Olmsted and Curtis, 1947; Quick, 1956; Livingston and Allessio, 1968). In southwestern shruband grasslands, seed reserves are concentrated under or around shrubs and grasses, with few seeds in the barren area in between (Knipe and Springfield, 1972; Nelson and Chew, 1977). Seed reserves also vary with soil depth, with most of the reserves concentrated in the top 2-3 cm of soil (Floyd, 1966; Wesson and Wareing, 1969; Childs and Goodall, 1973; Strickler and Edgerton, 1976). The objective of this study was to determine variation in amounts and species of seed reserves in the soils from various stages of pinyon woodland succession. The most commonly identified stages of pinyon-juniper succession are: (1) annual grass-annual forb stage; (2) perennial grass-perennial forb stage; (3) shrub-perennial grass-perennial forb stage; (4) shrub-perennial grass-perennial forb-young tree stage; (5) mature treeshrub stage, and (6) climax tree stage (Arnold et al., 1964; Erdman, 1970; Barney and Frischknecht, 1974; Stager, 1977; Tausch and Tueller, 1977). In addition, distribution of seed reserves among seedbed components of the woodlands was examined. This seedbed consists of a mosaic of shrub litter, pinyon duff, bare ground (interspace) and transition microsites. SITE DESCRIPTION The study was conducted in April 1979 on the N-facing foothill slopes of the Sweetwater Mountains, 0.5 km SE of Walker, California (T. 8 N., R. 23 E., Sec. 27). The study area has a slope of 15 % and an elevation of approximately 1890 m. Average annual precipitation is 250 mm and mean annual temperature is 9.8 C. The soils are well-drained typic torripsamments of granitic parent material. The area is characterized by variations in understory and pinyon (Pinus monophylla) cover resulting from a combination of past use of wood products, livestock grazing, wildfires and disease or insect attacks. Within a recent burn and adjacent woodland area, four sites in different successional stages were identified as grass-forb, shrub-tree, tree-shrub and tree. The grassforb site is located on the 1973 Rock Creek burn. The burn was aerial-seeded in the 1Stationed at the Renewable Resources Center, University of Nevada, Reno 89512.


This chapter presents excavation data from two archaeological sites, El Palacio and Paredones, located in the Department of Cajamarca in the northern sierra of Peru, a geographic area of social dynamism during the Middle Horizon. The presence of the large-scale site of El Palacio — a Wari administrative center — would suggest that the valley came under direct Wari imperial control in a manner similar to that known under the Inca during the Late Horizon. Yet at the same time, there are chullpas at the contemporary site of Paredones that are associated with ceramics related to the Tiwanaku style. This complex situation during the Middle Horizon, on the one hand, presupposes the existence of multiple cultural groups living in the Cajamarca region. On the other hand, the Cajamarca culture has local roots that are demonstrated in the production of its kaolin ceramics that are found throughout a wide area of the Wari realm. For these reasons, the cultural changes during the Middle Horizon do not necessarily correspond to political domination. One explanation for this variable situation could be that the Cajamarca society was not centralized, and therefore had the social flexibility to coexist within an imperial society.


I offer a critical view of the social capital thesis, which frequently argues that more is better (and less is worse), by examining the ethics of social capital, using Pierre Bourdieu's understanding of networks as defined by their limits. I argue that social capital only assumes conceptual coherence when distinguished from its complementary opposite. I illustrate these theoretical points with a discussion of political reform in Thailand and the 2001 general election. The election exemplifies the benefits of the circulation of social capital: voter turnout and party membership were up, and civil society was active. Yet democratic achievements in Thailand were intimately tied to political corruption. In Thailand, democracy and vote buying are intimately related as examples of the productive dynamic of social capital and corruption; the civil and the uncivil often produce each other. This essay thus expands social capital theory's focus on the relations of people by examining the relationality of concepts. One has to examine the quality of social capital and the ethics of each network's inside/outside distinction. Thus rather than being a political solution, social capital is a theoretical problem, warranting further comparative research that examines how civil social capital interacts with the uncivil social capital of corruption, ethnocentrism, and sectarianism.William A. Callahan is a professor of international politics at the University of Manchester, England. He worked in Thailand for five years as a journalist and a lecturer at Rangsit University (Bangkok). His most recent book is Contingent States: Greater China and Transnational Relations. For sharing information and commenting on this essay, the author thanks Gothom Arya, Michael Kelly Connors, Kevin Hewison, Laddawan Tantiwittayaphitak, Naruemon Thabchumpon, Duncan McCargo, Sukanya Bumroongsook, Sumalee Bumroongsook, Somchai Phatharathananunth, Frederic Schaffer, Teera Vorrakitpokatorn, Thavesilp Subwattana, Viengrat Netipho, and Stephen E. Welch. Special thanks to Jennifer L. Hochschild, the Perspectives reviewers, Frederic Schaffer, and Andreas Schedler for encouraging me to think about corruption and social capital in a new way.


Five new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized, and their crystal structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The influence of substituents on molecular geometry and the three-dimensional arrangement of molecules has been studied by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV–vis spectroscopy, and computational methods. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives occur in two possible conformations in their crystal lattices: with the ortho-hydroxyl group of the resorcyl ring pointing toward the S or the N atoms from the 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring. In the latter conformation, an intramolecular hydrogen bond is created which is energetically favorable for the isolated molecule as confirmed by theoretical calculations. However, for the molecules in the crystal structures in the former conformation, some intermolecular interactions between the neighboring molecules are strong enough to overrule the intramolecular OH···N hydrogen bond. In the case of one of the 1,3,4-th...


[1] The magnetic local time and latitude dependence of amplitude of the main impulse (MI) of geomagnetic sudden commencements (SCs) and its seasonal variation have been investigated using high time resolution (1–3 sec) geomagnetic data in the latitudinal range 27–70 degrees for the period 1996–2010. The daytime distribution of the SC-MI amplitude in the sub-auroral and middle latitudes (35–60 degrees) is similar to the DP-2 type geomagnetic variation which shows negative and positive changes in the morning and afternoon, respectively. The magnetic field variation is reversed around the magnetic latitude of 63–65 degrees. This suggests that a pair of field-aligned currents (FACs), resembling the region-1 (R-1) FACs, is located near the magnetic latitude of 63–65 degrees. The nighttime SC amplitude is enhanced significantly in the low and middle latitudes (27–60 degrees). The enhancement is due to the magnetic effect produced by the SC-MI FACs. In the nighttime auroral latitude (63–65 degrees), the SC amplitude decreases steeply due to the enhanced westward auroral electrojet associated with the compression of the magnetosphere. The size of the diurnal variation tends to increase significantly during the summer, compared with that during the winter. This seasonal variation suggests that the DP-2 type ionospheric currents (ICs) and FACs generated during the SC-MI phase are intensified by increased ionospheric conductivities during the summer. It can be concluded that the large-scale MI current system in the ionosphere and magnetosphere is voltage generator.


ABSTRACT: 51chromium‐labeled syncytiotrophoblasts purified from human placentae were lysed by allogenic leukocytes in vitro. The extent of syncytiotrophoblast lysis was dependent upon the dose of the leukocytes, occurred after a lag period of 42 h, and was inhibited by excess of unlabeled syncytiotrophoblasts. Autologous leukocytes failed to lyse syncytiotrophoblasts. Neuraminidase pretreatment of the syncytiotrophoblasts significantly enhanced their lysis by leukocytes. HCG failed to influence the extent of lysis of untreated syncytiotrophoblasts but significantly reduced the lysis of neuraminidase‐treated targets. The significance of these observations in relation to the "immunologic privilege" of the tropho‐blast in vivo is discussed.


Using monthly return data from May , 1991 to November, 2010 for Taiwan , Hong kong, and SH Weighted index, this paper explores correlations among them. We employ Granger Causality Test and Vector Autoregressive( VAR ) model. Empirical results show that Hong kong stock market's influence on the Taiwan does exist. At last, Taiwans stock market is not affected by SH.


During his 35 years (1952-86) in the Indian Foreign Service, Ambassador Eric Gonsalves served as Ambassador of India to Japan, to Belgium, to the EEC and Luxembourg, and in senior positions at the Headquarters of the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi.During June 1978 to July 1982, he served, first as Additional Secretary (Asia), and, then as Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs, which included China amongst his areas of responsibility.During those four years, he was personally involved in various efforts towards improving India-China relations - including the visit of the then Foreign Minister, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee, to China in February 1979, the visit of the Chinese Foreign Minister to New Delhi in June 1981, and the following two rounds of bilateral talks with China in 1981 and 1982.In this conversation with the Journal1, Ambassador Gonsalves recounts some of the discussions/negotiations, that perhaps sowed, after a few hiccups, the seeds of 'peace and tranquillity' on the border, which were to be achieved after many more rounds of visits and negotiations.In his own words "The border dialogue has meandered on for decades, but tranquillity has been maintained, and even been codified".Indian Foreign Affairs Journal (IFAJ): Your over four years stay in Delhi from June 1978 to July 1982, first as Additional Secretary, responsible for 'Asia' and then as Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs, saw some definite movement in India-China relations. During the second half of the Janata Government (from March 1977 to January 1980), we did see these relations inching forward - though arrested by a small hic-up - during the February 1979 visit of the then Foreign Minister Vajpayee. After Indira Gandhi's return to power in January 1980, there was a definite upswing in the interactions. You were a witness to these changes.Let us begin with the Vajpayee visit. How did the visit come about?The Vajpayee Visit: February 1979Eric Gonsalves (EG): When I returned to the Ministry from Tokyo in June 1978, I took charge of a new post - Additional Secretary (Asia), which included the East Asia Division. A visit by the Foreign Minister to China, the first bilateral high level visit after 1962, was already under preparation. The Foreign Secretary, Jagat Mehta, was in overall charge, and I slowly became more involved.A little background may be in order. India and China had normalised relations, in mid-1976, restoring relations at the Ambassadorial level - after a 15 years gap. It was expected that this would give the necessary impetus for improvement in relations. However, the political scenario in India changed. Mrs. Gandhi lost the elections in 1977 and she was succeeded by the Janata Party Government. Wang Bingnan, Head of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign countries, visited India in March 1978 and met our new leaders. Foreign Minister Vajpayee met with the Chinese Foreign Minister Huang Hua at the United Nations in September 1978, and a visit by the Indian Foreign Minister to China was being mooted to revive formal highlevel contacts.Even in China, major changes had taken place. After the passing away of both Premier Chou Enlai and Chairman Mao in 1976, a group of leaders (to be later denounced as the Gang of 4) had come to power. Deng Xiaoping, purged in October 1976, had been rehabilitated in July 1977 (though the 'Gang of 4' was still in power.)In the preparations for the visit, a recurring problem arose. The diplomatic establishment clearly saw that we had to make up for lost time in the India-China relationship; but in the political set up there was a wide range of opinion - including within the Janata party itself - regarding the extent to which, or whether we should at all, be improving or restoring relations with China. This divide also pervaded other circles such as the security establishment, academia, the media, and most intellectual groups in India. …


Civil society organizations (CSOs) have become complementary, supporting, and alternative actors in areas where public institutions and private sector organizations are insufficient or reluctant to produce social goods and services. Therefore, differentiation and failure in the organizational performance of the CSOs negatively influence sustainability, efficiency, and accessibility of goods and services that these CSOs provide. In many studies, significant relations were found between the organizational performance and the capacity of the CSOs. In parallel, the unique influence of human resources as one of the significant components of the organizational capacity on organizational performance is evaluated through the sample of 975 Youth CSOs randomly selected from 81 cities of Turkey in this research. Research data was gathered from a survey that was applied to representatives of these CSOs. The influence of human resources on organizational performance was tested and explained by multiple regression methods. Based on the research findings, it was seen that human resource variables of professional management, satisfaction from the management approach, satisfaction from the contribution of volunteers, number of paid workers, competence for work achievement, and organizational training influence the organizational performance of CSOs. Furthermore, policy recommendations were developed to improve the human resources and organizational performance of CSOs.


Publisher Rights Statement: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of a review article accepted for publication in Medical Law Review following peer review. The version of record Shawn HE Harmon; Katri Lõhmus, Caring Autonomy: European Human Rights Law and the Challenge of Individualism,. Med Law Rev 2017 fwx012. doi: 10.1093/medlaw/fwx012 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/medlaw/articlelookup/doi/10.1093/medlaw/fwx012.


Quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted much attention recently due to their advantages of high color saturation, tunable color emission and inherently high stability. Such attractive properties make QLEDs a promising candidate for the next generation display. Here we report the fabrication of QLED with a 6x6 mm2 light emitting area. The anode of QLED is an ITO glass. The hole injection layer (HIL), the hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron injection layer (EIL) are made of poly-ethylene-dioxythiophene:polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS), poly(N,N'-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N'-bisphenyl)benzidine (Poly-TPD), and ZnO nanoparticels, respectively. The QLED exhibits a low turn-on voltage and luminance at 3060 cd/m2. The unique QLED structure and fabrication processes make it suitable for printing.


Bryan Adam's ballad "Everything I Do (I Do It For You)" became the longest running number one single ever in the UK. For four years, Sorelle Saidman, produced Bryan Adams' fanclub letters, press kits, and programme copy. She tells in this biography of the spotty Canadian adolescent's metamorphosis into the successful singer/songwriter of today. This book provides a close look at Adams and his life backstage, and reveals some details about the relationships of rock's "boy next-door" with his former co-writer Jim Vallance, rock manager Bruce Allen, and long time companion Vicki Russell.


Field trials were carried out to survey and analyze sugar beet resistant cultivars against Cercospora beticola.The results showed that the strong and weak of resistance against C.beticola from 10 cultivars had significant difference(P0.01) in experiment station of Xiangfang in Harbin City.Of 10 cultivars,best resistant cultivars indicated in the field were Zhongduo0704 and Zhongdan0702 against C.beticola.But the worst resistant cultivars was Bastion.And disease index of Bastion was 20.99;and the strong and weak of resistance from 14 varieties had significant difference(P0.01) in experiment station of Baiquan county.Of 14 cultivars,best resistant cultivars indicated in the field were Alice,KWS5145 and KWS0149 etc.against C.beticola.But the worst resistant cultivars were KWS9400,Prestibel,and Tianyan307.And the disease index of KWS9400 was 43.70;the strong and weak of resistance from 20 variables had significant difference(P0.01) in experiment station of Yi'an County.Of 20 cultivars,best resistant cultivars indicated in the field was KWS0149.The worst resistant cultivars were BETA464,BETA812,KWS9145,Hi0474,and Hi0732.And the disease index of Hi0732 was 27.61.But strong and weak of the same varieties KWS0149 and KWS4121 resistance from three locations of this trial series had significant difference.


Recently, there has been a global surge of interest in herbal drugs, which have been in use for centuries in traditional Asian schools of medicine. Current research on plant-based drugs continue to provide new remedies to mankind. The weed Rabonlata (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) has medicinal properties and is widely used in ethnomedical practice in India and other south-east Asian countries. The present study reports comparative HPTLC finger-printing studies of the fresh and dried leaves of Rabonlata (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) and pharmacognostical studies.


During last years there was a large experimental and theoretical activity in the study of the properties of granular materials. This article makes a brief revision of the literature on these topics and suggests artless experiments that the physics teacher can perform in the classroom.


In the title compound, C16H9BrO5·2C3H7NO, the chromene ring system is essentially planar. The two dimethylformamide solvent molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to the 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromene-8-carboxylic acid molecules.


Considerable evidence, both theoretical and experimental, indicates that the lowest‐energy state of an excess electron in liquid helium consists of the electron bound in a helium‐free spherical cavity of about 1.7 nm radius. This state has become known as the electron‐bubble. Investigators have suggested that these electron‐bubbles may serve as nuclei for ultrasonic cavitation. To examine this possibility, acoustic spectra in liquid helium were studied using quartz transducers whose resonant frequencies were in the low megahertz range. These spectra were measured as a function of displacement amplitude both above and below the lambda point. In addition, these spectra were obtained in the presence and absence of a source of electron‐bubbles. Results will be compared with similar studies at lower frequencies and the role of the electron‐bubble as a nucleus for cavitation will be discussed. [This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.]


This paper focuses on solving the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem using a parallel implementation of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for execution on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) using NVIDIA CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). We propose a new efficient parallel strategy for the ACO algorithm executed entirely on the CUDA architecture, and perform experiments to compare it with the best sequential version exists implemented on CPU with incomplete approaches. We show how SAT problem can benefit from the GPU solutions, leading to significant improvements in speed-up even though keeping the quality of the solution. Our results shows that the new parallel implementation executes up to 21x faster compared to its sequential counterpart.


Rationale: Living wills often accompany patients who present for emergent care. Despite evidence suggesting that misunderstanding could lead to inappropriate care, few studies have assessed underlying assumptions about these instructions and how care may be affected. Objectives: To determine if the living will implies a code status before clinical interaction and to assess how the term "do-not-resuscitate" is defined in terms of patient care. Methods: An intranet survey was administered to clinical departments at a 350-bed acute care and level II trauma center. There were 585 potential respondents including physicians, nurses, and first-responders. No age or experience restrictions or exclusions were applied, given that emergent care presumes neither minimum age nor previous experience. The survey presented a fictitious living will refusing lifesaving interventions and prompted respondents to assign a code status (do-not-resuscitate or full code) and define the level of care associated with the former. Clinical information was withheld to isolate responses to the advance directive. Results: Between 440 and 452 responses were made. Most were female (64%) and nurses (62%) with an average age of 38.2 years (range 18-68) and an average duration of employment of 13.3 years (range 0.3-40.9). Seventy-nine percent (347/440) indicated do-not-resuscitate and 70% (317/452) construed do-not-resuscitate with "comfort care/end-of-life care." Occupation hierarchy (pre-hospital, nurse, physician) was related to the likelihood of choosing full code or full care (P ≤ 0.001, odds ratios: 4.03 [95% bounds 1.70, 9.55]; 2.19 [95% bounds: 1.04, 4.65], respectively). Conclusions: A majority of caregivers at a level II trauma center construed a living will with a do-not-resuscitate order which, in turn, was equated with end-of-life care. Such understandings may unnecessarily put patients at risk when presenting for emergent care.


Objective: A history of alcohol and other drug (AoD) use is common among men entering prison and often linked to the crime for which they are imprisoned. This is the first systematic review of prison‐based, behavioural AoD treatment programs for more than a decade and the first that reviews the methodological quality of evaluations. This review aims to create an understanding of the quality of research in this field and identify the most effective AoD use treatment for men in prison.


Introduction Early identification of frailty by clinical instruments or accumulation of deficit indexes can contribute to improve healthcare for older adults, including the prevention of negative outcomes in acute care. However, conflicting evidence exists on how to best capture frailty in this setting. Simultaneously, the increasing utilisation of electronic health records (EHRs) opens up new possibilities for research and patient care, including frailty. Methods and analysis The Swiss Frailty Network and Repository (SFNR) primarily aims to develop an electronic Frailty Index (eFI) from routinely available EHR data in order to investigate its predictive value against length of stay and in-hospital mortality as two important clinical outcomes in a study sample of 1000–1500 hospital patients aged 65 years and older. In addition, we will examine the correlation between the eFI and a test-based clinical Frailty Instrument to compare both concepts in Swiss older adults in acute care settings. As a Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN) driver project, our study will report on the characteristics and usability of the first nationwide eFI in Switzerland connecting all five Swiss University Hospitals' Geriatric Departments with a representative sample of patients aged 65 years and older admitted to acute care. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the competent ethics committee of the Canton of Zurich (BASEC-ID 2019-00445). All acquired data will be handled according to SPHN's ethical framework for responsible data processing in personalised health research. Analyses will be performed within the secure BioMedIT environment, a national infrastructure to enable secure biomedical data processing, an integral part of SPHN. Trial registration number NCT04516642.


Before feedback model was widely used, there were many authoritative theories and tools to study and quantify the financial world, including efficient market theory. However, some excessive fluctuations of the stock cannot be explained by the efficient market model, or even deviate from the efficient market theory. This phenomenon attracted the attention of behavioral finance experts led by Shiller, and worked out the formula of feedback model, trying to explain the abnormal volatility. Many psychologists and economists have made outstanding contributions to the study of feedback model, but there are few applications of this model. This paper conducts application and case analysis of feedback model, including economic decline affected by COVID-19, running on foreign currency in the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, and the application of feedback model in prosperous economies. Through the analysis of the above three situations, the feedback model is re-understood, hoping to provide help to the future research on the feedback model.


strains emergedand rapidly disseminated in the intensive care units (ICUs), prompting us to conduct a prospective investi-gation. It was an 18-month longitudinal intervention study aimed at the identification of the clinical and mi-crobiological epidemiology of the outbreak and its response to a multicomponent infection control strategy.From January 1997 to June 1998, clinical samples from 153 (8%) of 1,836 consecutive ICU patients were foundto contain CR


Production clutch-to-clutch automatic transmissions contain a number of subcomponents difficult to characterize from a traditional modeling stance. Variation inherent to both manufacturing processes and anticipated wear increase the bounds over which a parameter may be expected to range. The most critical of these is observed to be the value associated with the coefficient of friction of the clutch surfaces. Formulated from Lyapunov stability requirements, three adaptive algorithms are proposed to compensate for these variations. The first, a direct adaptive approach, bases parameter behavior on a sliding control law. The second technique incorporates an indirect least squares estimator term into the direct law, forming a composite adaptive result. The third extends the composite principle from the inertia to the torque phases of the shift. It is shown that identification of the friction parameters will occur with eihter of the techniques, and that the rate of convergence and the stability of the parameter improves with the increasing complexity of the technique applied.


We present a new approach for efficient and rapid evaluation of potential fields in three dimensions. In contrast to the commonly used spherical-harmonics-based multipole expansion, the proposed method employs an exponential integral representation of Green's function  o and an approximation to the integral using Gauss quadratures. The translations are error-free, simple in structure, and lend themselves naturally to parallel processing. The proposed method has significant computational advantage in terms of accuracy, speed, and memory over the methods reported, hitherto. Resume : Nous presentons une nouvelle methode pour calculer rapidement et efficacement le champ de potentiel en trois dimensions. Au lieu de l'habituelle expansion multipolaire utilisant les harmoniques spheriques, nous proposons une representation integrale exponentielle de la fonction de Green,  o , et une approximation a l'integrale qui utilise des quadratures de Gauss. Les translations sont sans erreur, de structure simple et se pretent bien a un calcul parallele. Cette methode presente des avantages de calcul significatifs en precision, vitesse et demande en memoire, lorsque comparee aux methodes existantes. [Traduit par la redaction]


A multi-connected floating body system composed of many connected small-scale floating body units has a number of advantages with regard to construction and performance. To realize the multi-connected floating body system, a new type of mechanical connecting device was developed. It is composed of multi-degrees of freedom connecting mechanism and restricting mechanism to control a restricting condition between floating body units, and its effectiveness was confirmed by model basin test in waves. Next, friction and wear tests in the seawater environment led to the discovery of suitable materials for oscillatory sliding parts in multi-degrees of freedom connecting mechanism. Finally, a field test performed for two floating body units connected by use of the mechanical connecting device proved that the developed mechanical connecting device was of practical use.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Abstract : The examination of documents and visual inspection of Smith Mills Reservoir Dam and appurtenant structures, did not reveal conditions which constitute an immediate hazard to human life or property. The dam, however, has a number of problem areas which require investigation and remedial action. These areas are as follows: The spillway is inadequate for all storms in excess of 1% of the PMF (Probable Maximum Flood). The spillway capacity for analysis purposes is 110 cfs before overtopping of the dam would occur. The PMF was calculated to be 25,300 cfs. The dam is overtopped by 7.4 feet during the 1.2 PMF and 12.7 feet during the PMF. The ability of the dam to withstand overtopping and the need to provide additional spillway capacity will have to be evaluated. The design and configuration of the dam is such that only a detailed analysis of the structural stability, which is beyond the scope of this report, will provide sufficient information to determine if overtopping of the dam will be detrimental to the stability of the structure. Therefore, a detailed structural stability investigation is required to determine the type and extent of required remedial measures. This analysis should be initiated as soon as possible with remedial action, as a result of this investigation, completed within the following year.


A 2D/3D image sensor with reconfigurable pixel array and column-level background suppression scheme is presented for high resolution outdoor imaging. The proposed pixel array employs pixel binning and superresolution techniques for adaptable resolution. The sensor achieved a 5.9μm pixel and was able to capture full resolution outdoor depth images under daylight over 100klx.


ABSTRACT Noncardiac Surgery and Antiplatelet Therapy inPatients with Coronary Stents The increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases andthe use of bare metal or drug eluting stents have led to anincrease in the use of dual antiplatelet therapy. Thesepatients are frequently submitted to non-cardiac surgeries,requiring adequate perioperative management of antiplateletagents. The strategy of systematic discontinuation of anti-platelet agents prior to surgery increases morbidity andmortality due to thrombotic events, especially in patientswith a high risk of in-stent thrombosis. Data indicate thereis no significant increase of bleeding complications in sur gerieswith low to moderate risk of bleeding carried out whendual antiplatelet therapy is used. Adequate risk assessmentof thrombotic events and surgical bleeding enables theidentification of the most appropriate strategy for the patient.Procedures with low or moderate risk of bleeding must becarried out under antiplatelet therapy, whereas it must bediscontinued in those with high risk of bleeding. Alternatively,one must consider postponing the surgery until antiplatelettherapy is safely discontinued. In general, in patients under-going non-cardiac surgery, the discontinuation of antiplatelettherapy involves cardiovascular risks which are higherthan bleeding complications. Thus, the maintenance ofantiplatelet agents is recommended, except in cases ofsurgery carried out in closed compartments or when the riskof bleeding is unacceptable. We propose an algorithm forthe perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy, takinginto consideration the risks of thrombotic events andbleeding.


| Eucalyptus globulus Labill. belongs to the Myrtaceae family, which extracted essential oils uses for medicinal, nutritional, and ornamental purposes. The present study conducted to extract the essential oil of Dehloran native eucalyptus leaf and recognize its biochemical components by the HS-SPME method. The eucalyptus leaf collected from Dehloran city, Ilam province, in October 2019. The leaves were dried for 72 hours at standard temperature and powdered. The essential oils and their volatiles extracted by solid-phase microextraction in the head space (HS-SPME) and their biochemical components analyzed by GC-MS. The final results revealed that the essential oil includes 43 composites that 1,8-cineol with 51.25% was the most important chemical composition of Eucalyptus leaves essential oil. Camphor (9.58%), borneol (7.63%), and camphene (3.77%) were the other most important compounds identified. The major identified compounds were bicyclic monoterpenes, aromatic terpenoids, cyclic ether, and terpenes. It concluded that Eucalyptus culture in Dehloran, with a high amount of 1, 8-cineol has high pharmaceutical and healthful value.


A sign at the exhibition Babylon at the British Museum in London (November 2008–March 2009) informed visitors that the Archimedean screw was probably invented in Iraq. The obvious source for this belief is an article by Stephanie Dalley. It is therefore necessary to examine her arguments, which derive, in the first instance, from her interpretation of an inscription in Akkadian. Dalley asserted that the inscription shows that Sennacherib (reigned 704–681 BCE) used bronze water screws to irrigate the gardens of Nineveh. She suggested that the water screws could have been supported in a manner similar to the way in which near-contemporary, huge bronze-banded doors were held in position and that any leaking water would lubricate the supports for the screws.1 In support of this assertion, she invoked Sennacherib's wellestablished mastery of water engineering and of bronze casting.2 Dalley did acknowledge that the bronze screws might have been preceded by wooden ones, but she thought that wood was too scarce to be employed generally. She further claimed that the Assyrians were familiar with the spiral, by illustration of one on a brick column.3 To complete her case, she claimed that the "Hanging Gardens of Babylon" were actually at Nineveh.4 Creating gardens was an established practice of the rulers of Nineveh and other cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Nothing has been found in any excavation that confirms that they existed, though more than one suggestion has C O M M U N I C A T I O N S


System peaks, which occur in chromatophy with multicomponent mobile phases, car be used for the continuous on-line monitoring of chemical reactions. The mobile phase reservoir is the chemical reactor, and the mobile phase, which contains the reaction mixture, is recycled continuously through the column. At predetermined times, a neat solvent, normally the solvent of the reaction, is injected. The system peaks that result reflect the status of the reaction. We describe here the use of system peaks to follow the progress of two reactions: titration of aniline and hydrolysis of aspirin. In the case of aniline titration, we obtained a titration curve by plotting the capacity ratio of the aniline system peak versus the acid volume added during the titration. The experimental endpoint agreed very well with the theoretical equivalence point. A plot of the capacity factor as a function of mobile phase pH behaves similarly to such plots in conventional chromatography. In the hydrolysis of aspirin, we followed the progress of the reaction by monitoring the formation of salicylic acid via its system peak. The data allowed us to calculate the apparent hydrolysis rate constant. The value obtained is in excellent agreement with literature values


In this paper, a new 2D cepstral descriptor will be proposed for 3D model retrieval. In the proposed approach, the overlapping subband decomposition will be employed to divide each 2D spectrum into a number of overlapped subbands for further 2D cepstral descriptor extraction. Experiments conducted on the Princeton Shape Benchmark (PSB) database have shown that the proposed 2D cepstral descriptor yields better retrieval accuracy than traditional 2D cepstral descriptors and outperforms other state-of-the-art descriptors in terms of the discounted cumulative gain (DCG) score.


This randomized clinical trial utilizing the validated rotator cuff disease specific quality of life outcome measure (RC-QOL) and adequate power demonstrates no difference in outcome for full thickness rotator cuff tears comparing open to mini-open surgical techniques. The purpose of the study was to compare standard open rotator cuff repair versus mini-open rotator cuff repair by measuring the disease specific quality of life in patients with rotator cuff injury. This randomized clinical trial utilizing a validated disease specific outcome measure and adequate power demonstrates no difference in outcome for full thickness rotator cuff tears comparing open to mini-open surgical techniques. The miniopen approach utilizing an arthroscoic acromioplasty provides no additional beneifit to the patient undergoing a rotator cuff repair. The mean one year RC-QOL score for the open and mini-open groups were 85.3 (SD = 15.6) and 87.4 (SD = 12.0) out of a maximum of one hundred, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.572). Seventy-two patients (forty-eight males/twenty-four females) with an average age of 56.4 years (thirty-three to eighty-two years) consented to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria involved: unremitting pain, failed conservative treatment of at least three months, weakness of rotator cuff, and positive diagnostic imaging indicating a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. Massive rotator cuff tears were excluded. Prior to surgery, patients were randomized to either open or mini-open rotator cuff repair. Patients were assessed and outcomes were collected at three, six and twelve months after surgery. Primary Outcome Measure: Patient quality of life was quantified using the validated disease specific, reliable and responsive Rotator Cuff Quality of Life Questionnaire (RC-QOL) measured on a one hundred point visual analogue scale format. Secondary Outcomes: Range of motion, strength, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score, and the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire.


China generates up to 4 million ton dried sewage sludge every year. How to reasonably handle this huge amount of hazardous waste has become a concern. However, sewage sludge is hard to handle due to its poor geotechnical properties, such as high water content, low compressibility, and low resistance to environmental change. The use of solidification/stabilization (S/S) into sewage sludge can improve not only its geotechnical properties but also its environmental properties (e.g. stabilization of the pollutants in the sludge). Therefore, S/S can make the waste re-usable as a construction material or pre-treat it prior to landfill disposal. In this study, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium-bentonite were used as the S/S for local sewage sludge from the Nanjing Wastewater Treatment Plant in China. Geotechnical properties of the solidified sludge were studied in terms of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and durability after the wet and dry cycles. The test results show that in a short curing time, cement alone-S/S sludge had a low compressive strength but a significant improvement was observed when bentonite was added to replace some amount of cement. In a long curing period, cement played a major role in increasing the compressive strength as compared to bentonite. In addition, initial water content of sewage sludge influenced the UCS, which should be taken into account before S/S. The test results of the dry and wet cycles indicate that bentonite was beneficial to improve the durability of solidified sludge when the ratio of bentonite was less than that of cement. Considering both UCS (>100kPa) and dry/wet cycle (<30% relative mass loss) requirements, the ratios of sewage sludge, bentonite, and cement should be approximately 5:1:2.


A young male patient with Marfan syndrome suffered from acute type B aortic dissection with visceral organ malperfusion. The thoracic stent grafting was urgently performed with a successful outcome. This study reports a potential endovascular approach to treat complicated acute type B aortic dissection in a Marfan syndrome patient.


Self-blast type interrupting chambers making use of pressure rise due to arc heating have been developed for gas,circuit breakers with lower driving energy. Blowing gas temperature is probably higher in such chambers. Although SF/sub 6/ gas is considered to have good arc extinguish capabilities at higher temperature, it is important to investigate blowing temperature to raise arc extinguish efficiency. This paper reports results of the temperature evaluation carried out in a self-blast interrupting chamber model with up to 25kA interrupting current. The peak of gas temperature is about 1000K in a thermal volume of the self-blast chamber. Higher temperature and lower density hot gas from arcing space hardly mixes sufficiently with low temperature gas that remains in the thermal chamber.


It is to be expected that the task of an air traffic controller will change with the introduction of 4D (space and time) trajectories for aircraft. To support this new work, an interface for the manipulation of 4D trajectories has been created. The interface uses a time-space diagram – which shows progress of the aircraft along its planned track, in which conflict zones for conflict with other aircraft are presented, and a vertical path display, which presents the altitude along the planned track. In combination with a traditional plan-view display, and additional elements and tools in the displays to create a visual link between the paths displayed in the three displays, the interface enables the modification of a 4D planned trajectory for inbound aircraft. An experiment has been performed with a PC-based simulation. Two variants were tested, one in which the aircraft could only be controlled in the current sector, and one in which the speed (but not the path) of aircraft could be modified some time before these aircraft entered the sector; a practice expected to produce improvement of efficiency in small sectors. The results validate that the enhanced interface can be used to manage the air traffic safely and efficiently. It was also shown that the ability to manipulate the speed of an aircraft in the adjacent sector can significantly increase situation awareness and reduce controller workload.


According to the foreign educational idea of news and dissemination,which pays much attention to the teaching of the theory,the science of news dissemination is a social science. At the same time,the idea stresses a lot the training of the applicable ability of the trainee. In China,the educational idea,which pays attention both to the knowledge and to the ability,is forming. The mode of "The Front Stage and the Backyard" could be a totally new and beneficial mode in Chinese news and dissemination education.


The experiment of toxicity,stimulation,hematolysis and tolerate.Result showed that alum injection has the characteristics of low toxicity,low stimulation,no hematolysis and high tolerate.At while time the experiment of pyrogen and bacterium was correspondence with the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of People′s Republic of china.About all the alum injection was safety as a new drug.


Thank you for downloading a world of vegetable cookery an encyclopedic treasury of recipes botany and lore of the vegetable kingdom. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this a world of vegetable cookery an encyclopedic treasury of recipes botany and lore of the vegetable kingdom, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


The access to higher education has been massively expanding which has impacted on quality of education, assessment system, learning environment, teaching and learning approaches at classroom level. ...


Background: Coronary flow and myocardial contractile performance assessed by strain magnitude increase during a dobutamine stress echocardiogram (DSE). Normal coronary flow reserve (CFR) can be attained upon completion of a DSE at age-predicted maximum heart rate (HR) (HRmax = 220 - age)] or submaximal HR [(0.85) HRmax] or before completion (early CFR). Objective: To ascertain the association between delta strain and HR in patients with early normal CFR. Methods : This prospective study included patients whose normal CFR was obtained before the DSE was completed. Percentage of resting HR (%HRrest) = [(HRrest ÷ HRmax) 100]% and %HR CFR = [(HR at the time of CFR attainment) ÷ (HRmax) 100]% were recorded. Strain was assessed in the left ventricular region of interest, and delta strain was calculated as the difference between the measures obtained at HRrest and after the DSE was completed. Strain agreement analysis for HRrest, %HRrest, and %HR CFR was performed using the kappa coefficient. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Strain measured -23.3% ± 4.3% at baseline and -31.1% ± 4.9% during the DSE. In delta strain > 8 absolute points, the ROC curves showed an area under the curve of 0.874 ± 0.07 for %HRrest (p = 0.001) and an area under the curve of 0.862 ± 0.07 for %HR CFR (p = 0.001). In delta strain > 8 points, %HRrest ≤ 42.6% of HRmax and %HR CFR ≤ 62.5% of HRmax showed an accuracy of 82.9% and 79.8%, respectively. Conclusion : In this study, lower HRrest and HR at the time of CFR attainment had a good association with better myocardial contractile performance, according to the change in strain magnitude.


The results of investigation show that the situation of students' health safety in our country's western region is not so good.The main factors affecting students' health safety include the imperfection of the related educational departments' management systems and lacking in students'awareness of health safety.


Spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of metal ion representatives from the three subgroups of lanthanide series, namely Neodymium (III) & Samarium (III) of Cerium group; Gadolinium (III) & Terbium (III) of Terbium family and Dysprosium (III) & Holmium (III) of Yttrium family has been studied using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as a chromogenic reagent in micellar media. The reported procedure avoids the use of carcinogenic molecular solvents. The method is based on the formation of an intense red colored ML3 type of complex (L=PAN and M= Ln 3+ ) in the pH range 8.5–9.5, soluble in all the three micellar media under study, viz. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100. All the systems show (6.2 – 9.18) × 10 4 , (4.4 – 8.5) × 10 4 and (4.3 – 7.8) × 10 4 mol -1 cm -1 dm 3 molar absorptivity and (1.5 – 3.02) × 10 -4 , (1.7 – 2.96) × 10 -4 , (2.1 – 2.8) × 10 -4 μg cm -2 Sandell's sensitivity for Triton X, CTAB and SDS respectively. The tolerance limits towards several foreign ions are also reported.


Abstract : Chamberlain defined production process parameters for inertia welding rotating bands to 155-mm M483A1 Projectiles on the high-capacity inertia welder at the Company's New Bedford Division. To reduce disbond at the weld interface, oxidation and impurity levels must be minimized. Long exposure times were found deleterious to weld quality. Ultrasonic scanning indicated that projectiles with poorly bonded rotating bands will show a greater degree of disbond after heat treatment; projectiles with well-bonded bands are not adversely affected by heat treatment. The band and band seat geometry were studied to determine the reasons for poor bonding along the forward edge of the inertia welded rotating band. Inertia welding rotating bands using various lubricants and coatings was studied to determine the effects on tooling and weld quality. An intensive metallurgical examination of the rotating band-projectile body interface was conducted by analyzing microstructure, microhardness, and electron microprobe data. 20 each abrasion-cleaned and heat-treated M483A1 The projectiles were fired to determine and correlation between rotating band damage and deviation from the projectile's desired impact point. The dynamic performance of these projectiles was equal to that of 40 control projectiles with overlay welded bands.


This study aimed to investigate the expression of the lipid metabolism related genes,and the association between the lipid metabolism related genes and triglyceride(TG) content in intramuscular fat cells of Diannan Small-ear pigs with different H-FABP genotypes.The kit was used to determine the triglyceride(TG) content and to investigate the level of mRNA expression of lipid catabolism genes by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR).The results showed that significantly higher expression levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT-1),lipoprotein lipase(LPL) and preoxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) mRNA were found in the HH genotype individuals comparing with that in hh genotype individuals(P0.05).The expression levels of CPT-1,LPL,PPARγ genes and TG content in intramuscular adipocytes were positively correlated.The expression of fat catabolism related genes in Diannan Small-ear pigs with different H-FABP genotypes is discrepant,the expression level of the pig with HH genotype is higher.As the lipid metabolic activity is stronger,this may increase intramuscular fat deposition relatively.


"It is here [Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress 1905-09] that Sidney and Beatrice Webb, whose views on poverty and on public relief policy will be examined in some detail in this study, first make their appearance, not as participants in the framing of poor law policy but as historians of the poor law. Undertaken as part of their enormous history of English local government, their account of the adoption and operation of the Victorian poor law, as well as their account of the Edwardian Royal Commission that failed to reach a consensus on how to improve it, had a significant impact on all future discussions of the subject. Because Beatrice Webb was a member of the Royal Commission, and because she and Sidney were the principal authors of its Minority Report, all parties have tended to interpret their account as partisan. Nonetheless their approach has helped to shape the views of friends and foes alike. The focus of their narrative, powerfully reinforced by their public identities as Fabian socialists, strongly encouraged the tendency to see the struggle over the Victorian poor law as the struggle of "collectivism" or socialism against individualism, of activist government versus laissez-faire." - pages 4-5.


The article provides examples of the introduction of game elements in the working process of various organizations in general. The special emphasis is placed on such elds of activity as human resources, education and marketing. The scientific novelty of this work lies in a broad review of the practice of applying game mechanics (gamification) in the indicated elds of activity.


Based on the off-grid photovoltaic inverter circuit topology analysis, this paper proposed an efficient off-grid photovoltaic inverter design train of thought. It was designed based on STC microcontroller control type off-grid photovoltaic inverter. The inverter can be under the control of the MCU controller, DC/DC boost rectifier, filter into the DC voltage 320 V, and sent to after level inverter circuit for DC/AC inverter, produce sine wave of 220 v / 50 hz alternating current supply load. The circuit can be used as design off-grid photovoltaic inverter type of small and medium-sized power reference circuit.


To the complex large-scale systems and remoted control systems,the methods of the design and analyses for the networked control systems are introduced based on the characteristic and requirement of the networked control systems.Aim at the main problems such as delay and data packet losing existed in the network system,several commonly used modeling and analysis methods are introduced in order to make the readers know the actuality of the networked control system,and providing references for further research.


Objective To analyze the catch-up growth of children with longstanding untreated hypothyroidism and to assess whether catch-up growth is complete and the use of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa) and growth hormone(GH) is feasible in longstanding untreated and puberty-onset substitution hypothyroidism.Methods Catch-up growth was analyzed in 28 cases with hypothyroi-dism[13 prepubertal children(group A) with hypothyroidism and 15 pubertal children(group B)].During the period of treatment,the clinical parameters including height(HT),weight,pubertal stage,bone age were documented every 3 months.The serum levels of thyroidtropin,tetraiodotyrosine and triiodotyrosine were monitored using immunofluorescence assay or radioimmunoassay.GnRHa and GH were used in addition to L-thyroxine in two longstanding untreated and puberty-onset substitution hypothyroidism patients.Results Two groups presented with significant growth retardation and bone age delay.The prepubertal children with hypothyroidism started treatment at the age of (7.1±2.0) years,bone age (3.0±1.5) years and a height standard deviation score(HT SDS)(-3.89±1.29),while group B with hypothyroidism at the age of (14.3±1.6) years,bone age (5.6±2.3) years and a HT SDS of-5.55±1.38.There was no target height difference between 2 groups.At the end of the 3rd year,HT SDS of group A advanced to-1.12±1.14 and group B to-1.94±1.39.In group B,bone age progression was (5.2±1.8) years·a-1,(2.4±1.0) years·a-1,(2.6±0.8) years·a-1,faster than (2.5±0.5) years·a-1,(1.6±0.5) years·a-1,(1.4±0.6) years·a-1 in group A during the 1st,2nd and 3rd year(Pa0.01),respectively.Especially in the first year,group B achieved the similar HT velocity compared with group A but cost 3 more years of bone age.Adult final height(FH) of group B reached a HT SDS of-1.85±1.18,not within their range(TH 0.18±0.84),while group A (-0.40±0.99) reached their TH(-0.12±0.77).Two years of combined use of GnRHa and GH in 2 cases of hypothyroidism starting to be treated at puberty improved their adult height to a HT SDS,both within their TH.Conclusions Catch-up growth in childhood onset hypothyroidism is complete,but in longstanding untreated and puberty-onset substitution hypothyroidism children is incomplete.GnRHa and GH treatment are needed to improve this incomplete growth and increase the TH.


In this paper, we explore the capability of wireless sensor networks to perform online activity matching for sport coaching applications. The goal is to design an algorithm to match movements of a trainee and a trainer online and to find their spatial and temporal differences. Such an algorithm can aid the trainer to better observe performance of the trainees in group lessons. We consider fitness-like movements such as those performed in aerobic. We also limit ourselves to only having one sensor node on the trainer and one sensor node on the trainee, however our algorithm scales well to more trainees per trainer. We use Sun SPOT sensor nodes and use the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to capture the movements. The gravity vector is extracted and improved with a Kalman filter using the accelerometer and gyroscope data. An automatic segmentation technique is developed that examines the movement data for rest and activity periods and changes in movement direction. The segmentation and the movement information are communicated with the node of the trainee where the movements are compared. We choose to use Dynamic TimeWarping (DTW) to perform the spatial and temporal matching of movements. Because DTW is computationally intensive, we develop an optimized technique and provide feedback to the trainee. We test all the design choices extensively using experiments and perform a system test using different test methods to validate our approach.