Objective: This study aims to quantitate the importance of relapses in disability progression in the first 5 and 10 years amongst patients with relapse-onset MS Background: Disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be due to relapses with incomplete recovery (Rir) or progression (P), however the extent that either disease process contributes to this is a topic under scrutiny. Disability secondary to relapses is largely preventable with today's disease modifying agents (DMD). Design/Methods: Data from 204 patients with relapse-onset MS diagnosed at our center between 1998 and 2006 was reviewed. Patients who did not achieve a sustained EDSS >1.5 for at least 6 months at any point within 10 years were excluded Results: 136 patients were included and 487 relapses were recorded in these patients. Relapses with incomplete recovery was seen in 79/136 (58.1%) patients in years 0–5 and 54/126 (39.7%) patients in years 6–10. When evaluating the difference between EDSS increase in patients with incomplete recovery from relapses versus slow progression, 31.6% of patients were disabled from relapses more than slow progression in years 6–10. Over the entire 10 years, 58.8% of patients were disabled from relapses more than slow progression. 36.8% of patients suffered disability from progression more than relapses, and 4.4% had equal disability from relapses and progression Conclusions: Relapses maintain a profound, but less robust, impact on disability progression later in the disease course. A moderate shift towards increasing disability due to slow progression was seen comparing years 0–5 to years 6–10 (worsening due to relapse remained a major contributor to disability throughout) Disclosure: Dr. Elmalik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scott has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen, Genzyme, Teva Neurosciences, Accorda Therapeutics, and Novartis. Dr. Scott has received research support from Biogen and Novartis. Dr. Gettings has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hackett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schramke has nothing to disclose.


The authors seek to establish which factors are appropriate for defensive investors, where defensiveness is defined along three dimensions: low risk of permanent capital loss, low business cycle risk, and low market risk. They analyze a range of volatility and quality factor characteristics through both a theoretical and empirical lens, discovering that low leverage, earnings volatility, and return volatility are the most consistently defensive. Profitability is the next most powerful characteristic, though for it to be reliably defensive, leverage must be controlled for in its definition or implementation. Asset turnover and earnings quality, measured by the level of accruals, have also empirically behaved like defensive characteristics, though to a lesser extent and less consistently. Low investment had lackluster results in all tests, whereas high forecast growth is confirmed to be entirely inappropriate for defensive investors.


Teaching point: Granular cell tumors are rare soft tissue tumors that may occur in the breast. While almost always benign, they may mimic a malignant tumor both clinically and on imaging.


Two substituted 2,2′-bipyridine lead(II) complexes, [Pb(5,5′-dm-2,2′-bpy)(tfac)2] n (1) (5,5′-dm-2,2′-bpy = 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and tfac = trifluoroacetate) and [Pb2(4,4′-dmo-2,2′-bpy)2(ftfa)4] (2) (4,4′-dmo-2,2′-bpy = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine and ftfa = furoyltrifluoroacetonate), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies, thermal behavior, and X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 are 1D coordination polymer and dinuclear complex, respectively. The supramolecular features in these complexes are guided by weak directional intermolecular interactions.


The paper introduces some basic concepts of Optical Burst Switch (OBS), and analysis the reservation mechanisms of OBS including the definition and classification of the reservation mechanisms, and the application of OBS in Internet backbone.


cancrinites of compositions SNaAlsioa. cacog, BNaAlSioa. ca(oH) z, and BNaAlSior. K2CO3 have been synthesized in the temperature range 200o C. to 800'C. at water vapour pressures of 10,000 p.s.i. to 30,000 p.s.i, calcium-rich cancrinites are stable at the upper temperature and pressure limits of this study but potassium-rich cancrinites dissociate to nepheline and probably KzCOs at 425-475" C, at these water vapour pressures. In addition the calcium-rich varieties have slightly smaller cell volumes than those of the potassium-rich type. These results are interpreted in terms of the inferred structure of cancrinites. Analcite (NaAlsi:os.Hzo) was detected at low temperatures when synthesized from the calcium cancrinite starting materials and its presence is discussed in terms of three possible equations. The results obtained from the synthetic minerals are compared with those from three natural cancrinites.


To meet the requirements of a real estate company, using Visual Basic as designing tool, a building management system was developed based on Access database in this study. This management system has features of practicality, full-information and different administrative levels. The management information includes water rate, gas rate, electricity rate and parking space, etc. It can serve tenements and supervisor in different administrative levels.


Smart city applications, evolving from technological to socially inclusive, aim to prioritize sustainability and livability. Despite growing interest, a lack of standardized definitions and planning methodologies hinders smart city development. Urban living labs (ULLs), on the other hand, play a pivotal role in implementing smart city solutions, acting as testing grounds for technologies and policies. Their integration into local government practices is essential. However, ULLs in Turkiye, such as the Basaksehir Living Lab and Istanbul Planning Agency, focus on local problem-solving and sustainable development. While ULLs hold promise, it is unclear if they can entirely replace existing urban governance models. Research is needed to assess their effectiveness. Effective collaboration between national and local governments is essential for comprehensive urban planning. Addressing these challenges, the article emphasizes the interaction between ULL and local government by analyzing Istanbul's landscape transformation process and management system as a model for other countries.


Square-wave voltammetric stripping analysis is attractive for environmental monitoring and trace metal ion determination. The sensitivity is a result of analytes preconcentration steps on the electrode and advanced measurement procedures, where metal analytes are stripped away from the electrode at appropriate potential scan. Screen-printed electrode (SPE) has great advantages for in situ assays of heavy metal ions. Modification of SPE with bismuth (Bi) film improves the amalgamation of metal ions and the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) increases the ion sorption, and enhances the current response due to the large porous structure and surface active sites for the metal ion binding. The ionization of the functional groups on the electrode surface upon contact with the aqueous system further assists the cation binding. The analytical performance of Bi and HA-modified SPE for simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was evaluated. Under the optimized electrochemical working conditions, calibration graph is linear for 240 s deposition time, in 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH 7.6 with the detection limit of 16.8 ppb for Pb(II). Two peaks corresponding to Cd(II) at -0.8 V and Pb(II) at -0.6 V can be discerned suggesting that Bi-HA modification had increased the current responses.


The Ant Colony algorithm is a new class of population-based bionic algorithm.The routing optimization for wireless power management network can be realized by use of Ant Colony algorithm,which provides a new method for the remote device management.In the paper the original Ant Colony algorithm is improved,and a routing algorithm based on ant colony clustering is proposed.Based on the ant colony algorithm and its feature of optimal parallel search,a routing algorithm for wireless power management network can be defined by using the Ant Colony Clustering and dynamic adjustment of network optimization parameters.Finally the algorithm is verified by computer simulation.


Abstract : Personnel must consider the effect of the noises their activities produce. Understanding and predicting how people react to such common military noise as gunfire or explosive blasts is important, since nearby civilian populations and their opinions of military operations can affect future military operations and facility expansions. The problem this report addresses is determining those factors which are the best predictors of whether someone will be annoyed by noise. To better select the most valuable predictors for annoyance to military noise, a review of published international studies on the subject was done. One possible predictor is a physiological process known as "habituation," in which the brain stops responding to repeated stimuli. This review then goes beyond habituation to include the roles of the dual process theory and individual sensitization, both of which can influence reported annoyance. This work concludes with recommendations of what military planners and their research teams should consider in order to obtain the most reliable results from future studies of annoyance to military noise. Those recommendations include specific suggestions for designing new surveys that better explain relationships between individual characteristics or situations, and the same individual's annoyance to noise.


The comparison between two phrases evoking so different ideas is provoking a feeling of astonishment. Through the diversity of the various matters examined, the examination of relationships between law and critics - critics understood as a critics regarding feelings externalized in the context of a social reality and foreign to its genesis and non principally as the internal critics of law- gives a clear indication of an indisputably harmonious global unity beyond of the contingencies and a very various field of application for the phenomenon of the critic of law according to the occurrences : it is above the specific finality of critical right and the perception by right of his nature that will be work out the preservation, more or less expanded, of particular rights or interests, which will constitute so much limits. The conclusion of this transversal study regarding all who are in contact with law is double by trying to join the entire field of critical right and by reporting some subtleties which makes the subject more attractive : first bring the proof of the existence of critical right as mechanism, and then preliminary conditions, means, guarantees, sanctions, functions. In fact, between appearance antithetical phenomena, three types of relations could be established: the exclusion by fighting, the confinement by showing a certain tolerance, the encouragement by integration. During a long period, general exclusion and confinement govern their relations. The apparent antagonism of the relations between a source of interest conflicts and social peace vector is nourishing the field of their mutual mistrusts : general repulsion of law for the critical phenomenon can find its source in a voluntary organic ignorance, which is generating the wish not to take into consideration without knowledge, except to relegate it as a funny exception according to the mode of expression in use. Later on law disregards this prejudice, after the fashion of the etymological lesson, discovering the acceptation of a more constructive instrument of evaluation, of correction and of proposition : a dialectic process of de-singularisation of the expression, and consequently of the social relations, i. E. A representation of everyone by each person going above the critics person and her own interest. . . [etc. ]


A back-up power supply for flash memory systems is provided. The back-up power supply provides the flash memory with the power needed to temporarily operate when a power loss exists. This allows the flash memory system to complete any erasures and writes, and thus allows it to shut down gracefully. The back-up power supply detects when a power loss on a power supply bus is occurring and supplies the power needed for the flash memory system to temporally operate. The back-up power supply stores power in at least one capacitor. During normal operation, power from a high voltage supply bus is used to charge the storage capacitors. When a power supply loss is detected, the power supply bus is disconnected from the flash memory system. A back-up controller controls the power flow from the storage capacitors to the flash memory system. The hold-up controller uses feedback to assure that the proper voltage is provided from the storage capacitors to the flash memory system. This power supplied by the storage capacitors allows the flash memory system to complete any erasures and writes, and thus allows the flash memory system to shut down gracefully.


Providing a substrate and a method of forming an amorphous silicon layer not more than four times that of a Si-H bond the Si-H Chemical vapor deposition, amorphous silicon, a threshold voltage, ASG


Observations of previously undescribed endocasts referable to the Oligocene leptictid Leptictis dakotensis yield new and revised information on the brain features of this species. The neocortex is larger relative to other regions of the brain than in several Recent lipotyphlous insecti- vores. There is also evidence for two small neocortical sulci in Leptictis. The estimated range of encephalization quotients (EQ's) for this species, assuming a wide range of body weights, is 0.45- 0.70. Relative brain size in this animal is therefore possibly greater than in most Recent insectivores for which data are available. Only elephant shrews (macroscelidids) and a few specialized lipotyphlous insectivores show a significantly greater degree of encephalization. The Leptictis EQ estimates are also comparable to those in some early prosimians but are notably lower than such estimates for later Tertiary and Recent primates. Leptictis is a relatively derived leptictid, and the only member of the family represented by well-preserved endocranial features. The genus does not represent an appro- priate "model" for the primitive brain condition in primates and insectivores.


This paper deals with waveform encoding methods in which binary data are mapped into constrained binary sequences for shaping the frequency spectrum of corresponding waveforms. Short and long pulse widths in the waveform are limited by constraints on the minimum and maximum run-lengths of zeros in the coded sequences. These constraints reduce the intersymbol interference in magnetic recording and provide an adequate rate of transition for accurate clocking. Signal power at low frequencies is limited by means of a constraint on a parameter that corresponds to the maximum imbalance in the number of positive and negative pulses of the waveform. This constraint on the maximum accumulated dc charge also eliminates the zero-frequency component.

Zero modulation is one such code thati s especially suitable form agnetic recording channels. The encoding and decoding algorithm is presented, A one-to-one correspondence between binary data and constrained sequences is established by creating data states that are isomorphic to the charge states having the same growth rate. Sequences with other values of run-length and charge constraint are examined as candidates for other codes with zero dc component.


A new nonlinear numerical modeling is proposed to analyze microwave heating problems. It is based on an iteration between solving the Maxwell's curl equations and computing the heat conduction equation. The temperature dependences of the permittivity, permeability and conductivity are considered in the calculation, so that more accurate results can be obtained. The two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FD-TD) formulas are used to solve the nonlinear equations. To verify the method numerical examples are provided.


Self-organizing networks (SONs) can carry out their optimization procedures in an on- or off-line manner. On one hand, an online SON solution optimizes network parameters during operation. On the other hand, an offline SON solution employs a simulation environment of the network to be optimized in order to perform an offline parameter optimization before applying changes to the network. Thus far, researchers have not yet compared the characteristics of on- and offline SON solutions and they typically do not comment their SON solution's operational mode. However, specifying the SONs operational mode is crucial because it determines the type and number of measurements to be performed, and it decides whether it is required to accurately model the network to be optimized or not. In this work, we compare the general properties of on and off-line SON solutions qualitatively and compare an on and an off-line algorithm for coverage and capacity optimization quantitatively, using a realistic LTE simulation scenario. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that offline SON solutions should be preferred as long as the required inputs are available. However, online SON solutions provide an adequate alternative to offline SON solutions if some of the inputs required are missing.


An improved method for traditional edge marking algorithm was proposed,as the traditional one fails to fill an elongated polygon and singular points in the polygon properly.The characteristics that a point on the boundary of the polygon is repeatedly accessed when meeting singular points and elongated points were taken full advantage of,and then a measurement variable flag was set up which was used to mark the boundary point,the flag of the present point was added by 1when the point was accessed.This method distinguishes local points and elongated points from ordinary points conveniently and simply,so it solves the above problem.Finally,it was implemented and verified by using Altera's cyclone II development board.The results show that this method fills not only the polygon perfectly,but also a point with 0.24 ms when the system clock was 33 MHz,so it has high practical value in embedded graphics accelerator.


The prevention of infectious complications is one of themost important objectives of successful surgery using dif-ferent types of implants. In guidelines established by theCenter for Disease Control and Prevention in surgery, it hasbecome clear that both superficial and deep incisional sur-gical site infection (SSI) are the most common types ofinfection. Despite the use of a sterile technique and prophy-lactic antibiotics, infections complicate as many as 8%of surgical repairs with prosthetic materials; whereas, forexample, the incidence of postoperative mesh infection is1–2% of all grafts. Until now, infected foreign materialindicated removal, as it remains very difficult or evenimpossible to completely eliminate all bacteria from thematerial.Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has broughtnew insights and perspectives in the wound care of (possi-bly) infected foreign material. It provides a closed moistwound-healing environment, removes excess fluid, reduceswound edema and promotes granulation. It has yet to bedetermined what might be possible to achieve using thisspecific therapy in other domains of surgery.The authors describe herein a case of an exposed andinfected urinary sphincter implant that could be preservedafter application of NPWT.


The thermodynamic study on the extraction of Fe(III) with 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethyl hexyl ester was carried out. In this method, the stoichiometry of extracted species of Fe(III) was determined by slope analysis method. The extraction proceeds with cation exchange mechanism and the extracted species is of the form FeR3.3HR. Further, temperature dependence of the extraction equilibrium constants was examined to estimat~ the thermodynamic functions (t:J.H, !1G and !1S ) for extraction reaction.


Eukaryotic cells contain three types of filamentous structures: m icrotubules, microfilaments and ioo-A filaments. These three types of filaments are thought to be involved in the maintenance of cell shape, in cellular motility, in mitosis, in the attachment and spreading of a cell on a substratum and in a number of other cellular functions (6, 12, 29, 33, 39). Microfilaments are localized both in the cell cortex and in networks or bundles beneath the plasma membrane (6, 12, 39). These bundles are thought to be aggregates of filamentous actin because they can be selectively decorated with heavy meromyosin (17), a proteolytic fragment of myosin known to specifically interact with muscle actin filaments (15). Actin has been isolated and characterized from a variety of nonmuscle cells and is now thought to be a major component of eukaryotic cells (see review, reference 28). Concomitantly with this demonstration, other major structural or regulatory proteins of skeletal muscle, like myosin (1, 2, 35) and tropomyosin (7, 10), have been isolated and characterized from some nonmuscle cells. Skeletal muscle contraction is known to take place by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other (16). This process is regulated by Ca' ions; the effect of this ion is mediated by a complex of the two proteins tropomyosin and troponin, which are found associated along the actin filaments (24, 26). Although the role of actin, myosin and tropomyosin in nonmuscle cells is still poorly understood, their existence in these cells has suggested that cellular motility, and a number of other cellular processes in which these proteins are involved, may also be mediated by a contractile mechanism similar to that of skeletal


A charging means, the means for providing a voltage to the member to be charged and connected to electrical means to be charged charger member. Voltage applied to the charging member comprising an AC component, this component is controlled to be a constant current, which makes the member to be charged even when the environmental conditions change, can be stably and uniformly charged.


From the outset, people have had high expectations of functional neuroimaging. Many will have been disappointed. After roughly a decade of widespread use, even an enthusiastic advocate must be diffident about the impact of the two most frequently used techniques – positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – upon clinical psychiatry. Perhaps this disappointment arises from an unrealistic expectation of what these techniques are able to tell us about the workings of the normal and the disordered brain. Anyone who hoped for intricate and unambiguous region-to-function mapping was always going to be disappointed. This expectation presupposes, among other things, a thorough understanding of the cognitive functions that are to be mapped onto the brain regions. This understanding, however, while developing, is still rudimentary. Mapping disorder along comparable lines is even more complex since it demands two levels of understanding. The first is of the healthy region-to-function mapping, the second of the disordered region-to-function mapping, which immediately demands a consideration of the nature of the function in the disordered state. After all, someone with schizophrenia, when confronted with a psychological task, might tackle it in a very different way, in terms of the cognitive strategies used, from a healthy person confronted with the same task. The observation that brain activity differs across the two individuals would only be interpretable insofar as one thoroughly understood the processes that each individual invoked in response to the task demands.


Workflow automation is emerging as a major application in industry because of the continued need to reduce costs, speed cycle times, and provide flexible service. The rapid deployment and application of Internet technologies facilitate the trend towards increased automation both internally and in electronic commerce applications. This mini-track explores a range of questions concerning the development and application of workflow technologies for inter-organizational workflow management systems. It is closely related to the minitrack on "Integrated Modeling of Distributed Software Systems and Workflow Applications", which is part of the Software Track. In fact, some papers have been switched between the two minitracks to provide more coherent themes in each minitrack.


Abstract : This research project has focused on the development of protocols and reception techniques for distributed packet radio networks that exploit directional antennas to provide high-throughput, reliable data and voice communications, and that conserve sensor battery energy when relaying sensor data through the network. The research focused on the development of channel-access protocols, adaptive link protocols, and adaptive routing protocols for packet radio networks that employ spread-spectrum modulation. One goal of the research has been to ensure that critical data is forwarded from microsensors to data-fusion centers or mobile-radio end systems while efficiently utilizing the limited energy in the sensors' nonrechargeable batteries. A primary research emphasis has been the design of protocols that minimize the total energy consumption for store-and-forward routing through the sub-network of microsensors, and that account for energy depletion in individual sensors. An important component of this emphasis is the design of protocols that utilize more capable radio systems in the tactical network whenever possible to minimize the amount of data relaying required of the sensors. A second, related emphasis has been efficient exploitation of the presence within the tactical network of mobile radio systems that utilize directional antennas. Primary topics of the research include the design of the packet-acquisition techniques, channel-access protocols, and resource-management techniques that allow a node with multiple fixed-beam directional antennas to exploit their capabilities without introducing a significant increase in the complexity of the network's protocols. A list of related publications is included.


Choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a major cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population in developed countries, which is resulted from subretinal fibrosis without effective therapeutic strategies. Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of choroidal vascular endothelial cells (CVECs) contributes to subretinal fibrosis. Lycopene (LYC), a non‐pro‐vitamin A carotenoid, plays an anti‐fibrotic role. Herein, we explored the effect and mechanism of LYC on the EndMT of CVECs during CNV. Firstly, LYC inhibited EndMT in hypoxic human choroidal endothelial cells (HCVECs). Meanwhile, LYC inhibited proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and nuclear localization in hypoxic HCVECs. Then LYC‐inhibited AR promotes the activation of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) in hypoxic HCVECs. In addition, LYC down‐regulated AR and induced MITF up‐regulated pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) transcription and expression in hypoxic HCVECs. Moreover, LYC‐induced PEDF bound to laminin receptor (LR), inhibiting EndMT of hypoxic HCVECs via down‐regulating protein kinase B (AKT)/β‐catenin pathway. In vivo, LYC alleviated mouse laser‐induced subretinal fibrosis secondary to CNV via up‐regulating PEDF without any ocular or systemic toxicity. These results indicate that LYC inhibits EndMT of CVECs via modulating AR/MITF/PEDF/LR/AKT/β‐catenin pathway, showing LYC is a promising therapeutic agent for CNV.


This contribution describes a long-term project called Physics through All Senses organized by the Department of Physics Education. This 90 minute-long set of experiments, which is intended for secondary school students, is inspired by human senses. This performance is not devised as a lecture with exact theoretical background, but as an interactive show engaging students. Another part of the paper describes selected examples of particular experiments and a new video contest which has been organized since September 2017 via social networks.


The role of stress as a risk factor in cardiometabolic disease still needs clarification. These investigators linked individual-level data on prevalent


With Tianshenggang,Xuliujing and Yanglin tide stations in Changjiang Estuary taken as examples,the relationships between mean daily set-up of each station and discharge increment of Datong station were presented based on large samples.With the relationships,the tidal levels obtained by the tidal prediction model were corrected according to the upstream discharge.Taking 20?cm as error limit,the qualification ratios of predicted tidal level were raised to 92.1% from 77.3% at Tianshenggang station,to 88.7% from 76.3% at Xuliujing station,and to 89.2% from 83.8% at Yanglin station,therefore,the forecasting accuracy was evidently improved.The present method is applicable to tidal level prediction for other tidal reaches.


This nationwide register‐based study investigates how often obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD) with different age at diagnosis occur in affected families compared to control families. Furthermore, the study addresses the impact of certain risk factors, that is, sex, degree of urbanization, year of birth, and maternal and paternal age at birth.


This paper examines the development of educational institutions and buildings in one slice of a big city over a long timescale. The city is London and the slice Battersea, an inner suburb of mixed character and volatile fortunes. The narrative explores the shifts and interactions between state and voluntary provision, local community needs and architectural fashion. Though the specifics of the story are naturally unique to the district, it is likely to be representative of the record of other British metropolitan areas during the same years. The paper is constructed in such a way as to draw out these potentially common strands.


Chitosan, a natural polymer, bound Schiff base copper complexes CT-She-Cu, CT-o-Bel-Cu, CT-m-Bel-Cu were prepared and characterize by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their catalytic activity in the oxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen was studied. All the complexes have catalytic activity and the main oxidation products are 2-cyclohexene-ol, 2-cyclohexene-one and cyclohexene hydroperoxide, which were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and GC/IR. CT-m-Bel-Cu was selected to study the influence of reaction temperature, amount of catalyst and additives such as acid and base on the oxidation of cyclohexene systematically. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of the study was to compare the speed and agility between handball and basketball players of Pondicherry University. For this purpose thirty (30) male students from Department of Physical Education and Sports, Pondicherry University were selected. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 24 years. The selected subjects were tested on speed by 50 yard dash and agility by shuttle run which was selected as criterion variable. The collected data was analyzed using independent t test to find out the significant difference between handball and basketball players. The result of the study showed that handball players have greater speed than basketball players. However, no significant difference was elicited between handball and basketball players for the variable of agility.


In this paper we introduce an efficient decoding method which is based on the dimensionality reduction of the search tree in the sphere decoder for the golden code in a low SNR regime. A codeword of the golden code has four independent m-QAM data symbols, hence, the required complexity of the exhaustive-search decoder is m4. An efficient implementation of the maximum-likelihood decoder for the golden code with a worst-case complexity is known to be proportional to m2.5. Additionally, in low range of SNR, sphere decoding has significantly high expected decoding complexity. Our motivation is for an efficient decoder with a worst-case complexity of no more than m2 for a low SNR regime. In this purpose, we show that our proposed method has m1.5 complexity in the worst-case with a loss of only 1 dB with respect to optimal decoding.


(57) Abstract: radiation shielding compositions of the present invention (820) includes a coupling member, to conformal coating material consisting of a matrix of dispersed densely packed radiation shielding particles in a binding material (811). The radiation shielding composition (820) is coated on the object to be protected, such as an integrated circuit package (804).


JN his article on Co-ordination published in this Journal for the quarter July-September, 1956 (Vol. II, No. 3), Shri S.B. Bapat touched upon one of the central problems of administration. With the rapid increase in scope and volume of state activity under the First and Second Five Year Plans, there has developed a growing tendency towards departmental specialisation. Proper co-ordination has therefore become increasingly necessary to prevent isolated specialisation and to yoke all departments together in a common effort towards the common destination. National planning necessarily envisages a comprehensive approach to human problems and does not admit either of compartmentalised planning or compartmentalised effort. Planning and co-ordination are thus inseparable and nowhere is this principle more clearly illustrated than in the National Extension Service. The Service is an instrument for planned rural reconstruction and constitutes inter alia an administrative innovation, i.e. the establishment of a vertical co-ordinating hierarchy reaching right down to the village level but without any horizontal ramifications. This vertical hierarchy has its multipurpose representatives at every level, the most important among them being the Village Level Worker. As these representatives draw upon the horizontal ramifications of several departments at different levels to achieve the common goal, their main role is that of "co-ordinators", though in N.E.S. terminology they are known as "messenger boys". The present article puts forth the thoughts arising out of the field experience in rural reconstruction of one such messenger boy functioning as Project Executive Officer


We investigated the movements of grazing cattle with GPS data loggers in central Lao PDR. The mean movement speedof the cattlewas 0.33±0.07 km/h, and 97.5% of the recorded speeds are lower than 1.4 km/h. This suggested that the most of the time the cattle moved in a relatively slow speed, probably associated with feeding.Using the kernel density estimation, we revealed that the cattle moved little and gathered in one place at night, while they used a large area in daytime. The nocturnal inactivity may be a response to the low light levels at night and/or nocturnal predators.


Studying the history of the cooperative movement in Russia was one of the main directions of native historiography. It is determined by the enormous role of cooperation as socio-economic organization. Urban and labour consumers cooperation of Siberia in the new economic policy period took main positions in the retail trade of cities and industrial centres, which had attracted interest of researchers to the various parameters of its activity in the 1920s already. Moreover, until the end of 1920s the opportunity of a relatively free discussion of cooperative building problems had remained. Thus, authoritative theorists and practitioners of pre-revolutionary cooperative movement V.F. Totomiants, S.P. Prokopovich, M.I. Tugan-Baranovskiy and others  had a big impact on the historiographic situation of this period. At ones full capacity the creative potential of such scholars, as A.V. Chayanov, N.D. Kondratyev and others revealed in this period. However, in the boundary of 1920s-1930s non-Marxist courses in the humanities run absolute defeat, and their representatives were subjected to repressions. In the historical science the supremacy of Marxist-Lenin ideology gained a foothold. Lenins cooperative plan became the theoretical basis of the cooperative movements Soviet historiography of 1920s, the essence of which was finding arguments in support of the necessity of transition from sale and supply forms of cooperation to production. First historians of Siberian urban and labour cooperation became the practitioners of cooperative building I. Vasilyev, V. Mahov, I. Pankratov, L. Strikovskiy, as well as party and Soviet leaders. These works are of great value due to the cooperative statistics in their basis, which allows defining primary parameters of trading and economic activity of Siberian urban and labour cooperation in the new economic policy period. The attempts of analysing big factual material collection and its systematizing, separate generalizations and conclusions combined with practical recommendations and popularisation of the cooperative movement achievements. In the second half of 1920s in view of the Siberian cooperative movements development working out of this theme became more intense. Works that were especially dedicated to this topic interesting for us were brought out. Their value lies in the direct reflection of the cooperative buildings practice, as well as in bringing in statistical materials, which allows imparting the nature of sources for them. As a whole, in the 1920s in spite of the fact that development of history of consumers urban and labour cooperative movement had just begun, the factual foundation of its studying had been laid down. Special value of these works for modern researchers is determined by the presence of unique factual material, which attaches great source significance to them. Yet, among the defects of most publications of this period their agitation and propaganda orientation, weakness of scientific analysis of the problems concerned, lack of works of complex character should be mentioned. The cultural and educational activity of Siberian urban and labour consumers cooperation remained non-examined.


The paper suggests a solution to the task of evaluating the current quantitative characteristics of the material at different stages of non-ferrous metal ore beneficiation by a flotation method. For the purpose thereof, the digital twin was applied. Practical application of such an approach will inform an operator about pulp consumption values in a large amount of points of a processing unit without installation of additional metering equipment. Moreover, the digital twin can be used as a unit of an automated information management system to optimize the operation modes of the equipment used for the ore beneficiation process.


Abstract Introduction: Electromechanical power morcellation is a widely used technique to extract uterine fibroids during laparoscopic hysterectomy. Although the complication rate of morcellators is low, ectopic leiomyoma can appear several years after their use. Patients and methods: We present a case of an ectopic leiomyoma and a literature review of power morcellation-induced complications and ectopic leiomyoma. Results: A 49-year-old female presented with epigastric pain 12 years after laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy with morcellation of the specimen. Radiological examinations revealed an epigastric mass of 45 mm that was laparoscopically removed. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an ectopic leiomyoma. Complications of power morcellation are rarely reported and include perioperative injuries to bowel, vascular and urinary tract, spreading of ectopic leiomyoma and occult malignancy. Conclusions: Ectopic leiomyoma are a late and rare complication of a laparoscopic hysterectomy with power morcellation of the uterus.


For sub-28nm, process variations became more important. Clock distribution networks are sensitive to those variations because they lead to increased clock skew, which translates to a deterioration of the performance. In this scope, it is the first time that different existing processes are compared. We consider self-aligned double patterning (SADP) and triple expose triple etch (LELELE). First we study the sensitivity of clock skew to interconnect capacitance and resistance. Next we present the influence of the geometry of the tree as the chip size and the clock tree depth. We also investigate the performance of adding air gaps between wires. The results show that the skew is more sensitive to the variation of resistance of the lower metal layers (Mx) and of capacitance of the upper metal layers (Mz). Thus we choose triple-expose triple-etching (LELELE) process for Mx and a relaxed metal pitch for Mz in order to optimize RC-variations. By increasing the depth of the tree the front-end of line (FEOL) influence on skew becomes more dominant with respect to the back-end of line (BEOL) as the number of drivers grows up exponentially with respect to the depth. In the end, we find a trade-off between power consumption and skew deviation with the introduction of air gaps between wires. For a reduction of 9% of the capacitance thanks to the air gaps, the power consumption decreases by the same percentage (6%) as the skew deviation.


The feasibility and efficiency of analyzing concurrent programs mostly relies on the programs' representations. So modeling concurrent programs in a proper and suitable way is very important. Protected objects, which have been introduced in Ada95, are of significant importance in concurrent programming language. In this paper, process algebra is used to model Ada95 protected objects in a neat and tidy way. Because using process algebra can simplify process composition and conveniently hide internal details, it becomes easy to analyze Ada concurrent programs with protected objects and to combat problems of state explosion. In addition, many mechanisms similar to protected objects can be modeled in this way. With these models, many analyses, such as model checking, can be performed.


A GOVERNMENT task force has called for radical reforms of long-term care of elderly people to end the 'confusion' which is putting vulnerable people at risk.


To analyse clinic results of paediatric cataract cases in our region. Sixty four eyes of 37 patients, who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of paediatric cataract, in Adana Numune Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic, between September 2003 and December 2011, were included by our study. Parents reasons for consulting our hospital, ocular and systematic diseases with paediatric cataract, visual acuities after surgery and side effects after and during surgery, were examined retrospectively. Mean age at the first operation was 57.8±52.3 months (ranged from 2 to 176 months). Mean follow up period was 40.1 months. The reason of parents' apply to hospital was whiteness in eye in 21 (56.8%) patients. Hereditary cataract was found in 19 (51.4%) patients. In 11 (33.3%) patients best-corrected visual acuity was found higher than 0.5. There was a significant difference between unilateral and bilateral groups in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (p=0.03). Postoperative fibrinoid reaction in anterior chamber was determined in 28 (41.8%) eyes. Posterior capsule opacification was developed in 6 (9%) eyes. In our study frequency of hereditary cataract and post operative fibrinoid reaction in anterior chamber was found higher than previous studies. It was detected that leukokoria had an important role in diagnosis. It was also founded that visual results were lower in unilateral cataracts than in bilateral cataracts.


Relationship between etch current and morphology and porosity of porous silicon (PS) has been investigated. The gravimetric method is applied to measured the porosity of PS. As the current density increase, the silicon dissolution rate increases, resulting in a higher porosity and etching rate. The result shows that linear dependence of PS porosity and etching rate as a function of current density. The morphology of porous silicon was investigated by using cold field emission scanning electron micrograph (FE-SEM). The size of pores formed during anodization is predominantly controlled by the current density, with an increase in the pore size corresponding to an increase in the current density.


The purpose of this paper is to stimulate discussion on how to meet the demand for flexible instructional strategies that include information and communications technologies (ICT) in higher education as effective interventions for people with mental health issues. ICT strategies are widely believed to offer new options for Web-mediated courseware design. We examine the impact of mental illness on post secondary education. Despite the advances made with multi-media and online courseware development, we suggest there has been little examination of whether ICT tools meet the specific needs of people recovering from mental illness. Correctly designed electronic courseware may provide the customised learning environment that affords the much needed flexibility people are asking for. Adoption of effective human-computer interaction (HCI) provides enhanced solutions for people with a mental health disability wishing to continue with their studies. This paper presents a compelling case for a commitment from the higher education sector towards access and equity to lessen the stigma of mental illness.


The distribution of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the yak larynx was observed. A total of 10 yak larynges were examined both macroscopically after tissue fixation in acetic acid and microscopically using histology. It was found that no paraepiglottic tonsil was present in yak, although a few lymphoid follicles with immunopositive reactions for follicular dendritic cells were present in the mucosa at the base of the epiglottis and the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilages. Organized lymphoid tissue was identified in the mucosa of vestibulum laryngis and cavum infraglotticum. The results suggest that larynx-associated lymphoid tissue is a ubiquitous finding in yak. Although the yak larynx is devoid of a proper tonsil, it can probably still organize a local immune response due to the presence of LALT.


Background: Worldwide, more than one billion people are affected by hearing loss. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is reported among the most prevalent occupational diseases. However, little is known about the current level of knowledge and attitude towards NIHL among general population.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of adult population in Albaha Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia concerning the factors that contribute to Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and the use of hearing protection.Methods: A 16-item self-administrated questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge, habits, attitudes, and perception of NIHL and each participant's use of hearing protection. The questionnaire included multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank format questions. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: 1) demographic information, including age, sex, college major, and prior coursework regarding hearing in noise; 2) knowledge of hearing, the auditory mechanism, and noise-induced hearing impairment.Results: we received 296 valid responses. Fifty-nine percentage were male, 37 % percentage were students, 21 % were soldiers and 17 % were teachers. Only 19 % said that hearing loss cannot be cured and 53 % knew that it can happen at any age. Interestingly, 94 % never wore an ear plug before.Conclusion: Our study showed low percentage of correct answers about causes and protective measures against hearing loss. Future health care program should consider initiatives and public health campaigns to improve the public's knowledge and attitude.


THE pathogenesis of dental caries has been extensively studied in susceptible albino rats. In such animals on cariogenic diets the typical changes associated with dental caries have been detected as early as 48 days of age.' From 15 days of age until weaning, these animals had available to them a finely ground polished rice diet which was provided for the mothers. The young were weaned and placed on a coarse polished rice diet at 35 days of age. These have involved actual physical discontinuities in the enamel and dentin, and gross discoloration presumably all produced through microbial action and accompanied by the presence of microorganisms in the lesions. These changes are considered irreparable in nature and are beyond the recuperative powers of the dental tissues. It is interesting to suggest, however, that premonitory changes in the dental tissues might precede the classical picture of various destruction and serve to throw light on underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis of this disease. With the use of tissue specimens prepared in a manner to minimize postmortem changes, and with the aid of histochemical technics to be described, it has indeed been possible to demonstrate unequivocally subtle but striking functional and structural changes at the site of anticipated gross various lesions which occur very early after eruption of the teeth. It is the purpose of this paper, therefore, to describe the innovations in tissue preparation, the application of histochemical methods, and the emerging picture of the premonitory lesion in experimental caries of the albino rat.


Abstract The technique of reflection electron microscopy (REM) has been combined with wedge transmission electron microscopy (WTEM) in a single instrument using a single wedge-shaped specimen. This combination needs only a commercial transmission electron microscope (CTEM) with a double tilt (or less preferably a single tilt) specimen stage which allows a minimum 25° rotation about one principal axis. Additional specimen preparation for WTEM and instrumental modifications to a CTEM are not required. We have demonstrated that, using a single wedge-shaped GaAs/AlxGa1-x, As specimen, much useful information can be obtained by combining the complementary information provided by REM and WTEM.


This paper introduces a principle and method that the backup and restore of SQL Server database is realized in Delphi,and a concrete example is presented.


Software development approaches in software industry now are directed by reuse idea. But most present reuse-oriented software development approaches do not apply to medium-sized software companies that are common in our country. So software reuse is not extensively used. Based on Component-Based Development(CBD), a process framework of reuse-oriented incremental software development is proposed. It is designed for medium-sized software companies, and uses incremental development model with software architecture. It covers the whole reusable development processes, including development for reuse and development with reuse.


Many mammalian retroviruses express their protease and polymerase by ribosomal frameshifting. It was originally proposed that a specialized shifty tRNA promotes the frameshift event. We previously observed that phenylalanine tRNA(Phe) lacking the highly modified wybutoxosine (Y) base on the 3' side of its anticodon stimulated frameshifting, demonstrating that this tRNA is shifty. We now report the shifty tRNA(Phe) contains 1-methylguanosine (m(1)G) in place of Y and that the m(1)G form from rabbit reticulocytes stimulates frameshifting more efficiently than its m(1)G-containing counterpart from mouse neuroblastoma cells. The latter tRNA contains unmodified C and G nucleosides at positions 32 and 34, respectively, while the former tRNA contains the analogous 2'-O-methylated nucleosides at these positions. The data suggest that not only does the loss of a highly modified base from the 3' side of the anticodon render tRNA(Phe) shifty, but the modification status of the entire anticodon loop contributes to the degree of shiftiness. Possible biological consequences of these findings are discussed.


This paper firstly introduces the ASP and its interrelated technology on accessing Web Database Secondly it introduces the ASP technology on classifying sum of Web Database through an example of classifying sum in the wages MIS based on Web Database, and it gives the basic principle of algorithm and the source code programmed with ASP


The trip from Joensuu to Tohmajarvi and Uusi-Vartsila, which are the villages on the Finnish side of the border area next to the Niirala-Vartsila checkpoint, takes one hour and runs through the sparsely inhabited countryside of Eastern Finland. In Tohmajarvi and Uusi-Vartsila, one can easily recognize the presence of the border: the available services are focused on the the potential border crossers (e.g., travel agencies providing visas and car insurance to drivers bound for Russia; electronics stores and recreational activities catering to Russian tourists; advertisements are also in Russian in many places). The checkpoint area on the Finnish side starts from the sign "Border zone." After that, one has to choose the appropriate lane (buses, EU citizens, non-EU citizens) and abide by the traffic lights directing vehicles to proceed. After having been given a green light, the vehicle approaches the Finnish checkpoint, and the driver and all passengers proceed to passport control. Passports, visas and automobile registrations are checked all at once. If traffic is light, this process doesn't take more than a few minutes. After this, the gate opens automatically, and one is allowed to drive (approx. 0.5 km) to the Russian side. The border can be crossed only by vehicle. The Russian checkpoint begins at a gate guarded by a border guard. Sometimes there is a queue of cars and lorries lined up before the gate. The border guard motions to vehicles one by one to approach the gate and checks passports and visas. Then the vehicle is allowed to proceed to the Russian checkpoint, where the appropriate lane must be chosen, just like on the Finnish side. The border guard monitors the different lanes and directs the vehicles. When it is their turn, the driver and all passengers step out from the car and the border guard checks it. They are then allowed to proceed to the small passport control kiosk, which is situated in the middle of the lanes. Once the


A first differential gearbox (DG) (3) has a differential cage (DC) (5) driven so as to rotate on a swiveling axis (A). First differential wheels (FDW) (6) rotate on the DC's bearings. First (7) and second (8) delivery wheels (DW) fit coaxially to the swiveling axis (SA) and mesh with the FDW. A second DG (4) has a carrier element (22) linked to, and driven by, the first DW to rotate on the SA.


The development of the EU according to the strategy Europe 2020 has encountered significant difficulties. It was caused in great part by the underestimation and in some cases total ignorance towards the principles of financial science. The paper discusses the absence of financial-law based point of view regarding the future development scenarios until 2020. Then the five goals set out by the strategy are examined. The critical state of finance in the EU shows the fruitlessness of all the harmonization efforts lately. The authors of fake statistics and fake misleading prognoses have not been brought to justice. The causes of the crisis have been wrongly identified. We are losing our wealth, which generations had labored to accumulate. We are actively giving up our civil rights and the security of our citizens to create a more pleasant environment for Saudi Arabia. During this effort we have contributed to the destruction of millions of lives in the Middle East. We are the only ones in the world still lending our trust to rating agencies that deliberately derailed the global economy in the pursuit of extra profit.


Objective To observe the effects of doctor's telephone follow-up on compliance with doctor's advice in patients atter intracoronary stenting.Methods 150 patients after intracoronary stenting randomly divided into the followup group(75 patients) and control group(75 patients).Patients in the two groups were instructed orally to take five kinds of drugs(aspirin,clopidogrel,beta-blockers,statins,ACEI/angiotensin receptor blockers).We only made the telephone followup to the follow-up group after they left hospital.Compliance was compared between two groups one year later.Results The rate of compliance completely and overall compliance were higher in the follow-up group than that in control group(P0.05).The rate of no compliance was lower in the follow-up group than that in control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Telephone follow-up with doctors can increase patients' compliance of taking drugs in patients after intracoronary stenting.


The article examines stable identification error behaviour over variations of initial data. Both initial–boundary temperatures and internal temperature measurement schemes are the design objectives to reconstruct thermal properties with minimal errors. It is proved that the behavior of identification error is completely expressed by two groups of dimensionless factors. The method developed also reveals the singularities of thermal properties estimation. New conditions of violation of the inverse problem solution are deduced. The results obtained depict generic cases of the identification error distribution over a specimen length during initial data variations, when the solution satisfies conditions of inverse problem regularization.


Aptamers are short oligonucleotides that recognize specific molecular targets due to their folded three-dimensional structures. Aptamers are generated against a target molecule using a process called SELEX. This method allows the in vitro evolution of nucleic acid molecules with highly specific binding to target molecules. Here we describe a nuclease stable, fully modified 29OMethyl aptamer that recognizes Glypican-3 (GPC3) with high affinity and specificity. GPC3 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan and cell surface oncofetal protein which is highly expressed on a variety of liver cancers, but not in healthy adult tissues. A conjugate comprising a GPC3 aptamer and Drug Maytansinoid (DM1), a membrane-permeable inhibitor of tubulin which can prevent cell division, is used to specifically target GPC3 expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. The aptamer-drug conjugate (GRX54) is capable of selectively killing a variety of GPC3 expressing liver cells in vitro and has significantly less toxicity in cells not expressing GPC3. The anti-tumor effect of GRX54 was tested in several tumor xenograft mouse models: Hep3B xenograft, Balb/c nude mice and NCI-H446 xenograft, Balb/c nude mice. GRX54 was administered at different doses via intraperitoneal injection (IP). For each group, mice were administered with vehicle or GRX54 once a day (QD) for 3, 5 or 7 days. Tumor weight and growth were measured. An anti-cancer drug Sorafenib Tosylate (30mg/kg, oral administration, once a day - Hep3B xenograft mouse model) or irinotecan (40mg/kg, i.p. twice a day for 4 days - NCI-H446 xenograft mouse model) were used as positive controls. GRX54 decreases Hep3B tumor volume in a Balb/c nude mouse xenograft model by ~30-45% depending on treatment schedule and NCI-H446 tumor volume by ~45-90% depending on treatment schedule. Together, our data show that GRX54 is a novel GPC3-targeting molecule capable of reducing tumor size with IP injection. Citation Format: Kristin M. Thompson, Christina McGuire, Jin Yuan, Aaron Ball, Justin Sonberg, Yuxun Wang, Shuhao Zhu. Identification of a GPC3 specific RNA aptamer and its use in cell specific targeted killing of GPC3 expressing tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 934.


Abstract. The activity of cytochrome oxidase, outer nuclear layer thickness and edema were quantitatively evaluated in the blue‐light‐exposed rat retina. Dark‐adapted or cyclic‐light‐reared rats were exposed to blue light with a retinal dose of 380 kJ/m2. Immediately, one, two, and three day(s) after exposure, the retinas of six rats from each adaptation group were examined. There was no difference between the dark‐adapted and cyclic‐light‐reared rats. Immediately after light exposure, cytochrome oxidase activity decreased. The activity in the inner segments remained low at day one, while severe edema was observed in the inner and outer segments. The outer nuclear layer thickness decreased one to three days after exposure. The blue‐light exposure inhibited cytochrome oxidase activity and caused retinal injury. Similarity of the injury process in the dark‐adapted and cyclic‐light‐reared retinas suggests that rhodopsin was not involved. The inhibition of cytochrome oxidase could be a cause of retinal damage.


Abstract The problem of determining a square integrable function from its modulus and that of its Fourier transform has been considered in an article by Corbett and Hurst ([1]). In this work we point out an error in one of the main results of the cited article concerning the Pauli uniqueness of real states, provide a proof of uniqueness for non-negative states, and present various related examples and discussion of the problem.


We present a patient with preauricular tags, preauricular and branchial pits, stenosis of the external auditory canals, mild hearing loss, and mild developmental delay who had a de novo 19p13.12 submicroscopic deletion. The size of the deletion was 760‐kb, extending from 15,300,338 to 16,064,271 (hg18; NCBI Build 36.1). Our finding supports the notion that 19p13.12 represents a unique microdeletion syndrome characterized by branchial arch defects and the concept of exclusion mapping indicates that the putative locus for the branchial arch development is included in the 0.8‐Mb interval defined by the deletion in the presently reported patient. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A pattern of alternative dark and pale bands was observed in the straite cortex of the macaque monkey. The bands, which ran parallel to the surface, were seen in tangential sections stained with a reduced silver method for normal fibers and were most clear in layer 4C α, immediately deep to the line of Gennari. The dark bands were about 300 μ wide and showed blind endings and bifurcations. The light bands were about 50 μ wide and did not branch or terminate within area 17.


The main source of air pollution in the area of the town Suplacu de Barcău, combustion gases are discharged through the work of exploitation of oil extraction platforms and complete the form condensable gases, CO2 and N2 or incomplete, CO, saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated volatile aldehydes, ketones, phenols, aerosols oxidizing nature (exhaust gas emitted from the batteries of the boilers as a result of the supply of steam injection wells cyclic), in order to estimate the quantitative and qualitative parameters were analyzed and were air chemical highlighted the issues of noncompliance in accordance with national legislation.


The integration of isolated software components into large‐scale and complex information systems is a topic that attracts the interest of many information systems practitioners and researchers. However, less attention is given to the intricate processes by which these infrastructures are built using multiple independent software components. Different actors introduce these components, which can lead to a "battleground of functional roles" where components are replacing and blocking each other. To better understand this phenomenon, we conducted multiple case studies involving the development of a large‐scale information system for communicable disease detection, prevention, and control in Vietnam. We collected empirical data through various methods, including interviews, focus groups, and participation observation. We identified different strategies employed by actors to block, remove, or replace other software components, protect their position, and find a way to join the existing and established systems. This paper contributes to this topic by theorizing a strategy called "hybrid vigor," which allows for the combination of the strengths of individual software components and enables sustainable evolution.


This paper outlines some concepts on the design philosophy of a robot workstation for computerassisted surgery. The workstation, intended primarily, although n ot exclusively, for investigating orthopaedic surgery procedures, includes a laser range vision system, and two industrial robot manipulators equipped with prosthetic grippers and proximity, force and tactile sensors. The planning, simulation and execution phases of the surgical operations are performed by means of a multiprocessor architecture, whereas parts of the intervention are teleoperated by the surgeon through an instrumented glove-like interface.


AIM
To investigate whether periodontal condition measured by bleeding periodontal pockets is associated with atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and eczema nummulare.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study population (n=1871) was obtained from the 46-year follow-up study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (NFBC1966). The periodontal condition was measured by the number of sites with bleeding periodontal pockets that were ≥ 4 mm deep. The whole skin of the participants was clinically examined, and diagnoses of skin diseases were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Prevalence rate ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust error variance.

RESULTS
In this cohort, consisting of 46-year-old members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, the presence of 1-3 and ≥4 bleeding deepened periodontal pockets (≥4 mm deep) were associated with seborrheic dermatitis (PRR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8 and PRR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.3, respectively), and with eczema nummulare (PRR 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-3.1 and PRR 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-3.3, respectively). For non-smokers, the corresponding estimates were 1.7 for seborrheic dermatitis (95% CI: 1.1-2.6) and 1.8 (95% CI:1.1-3.1) and 1.4 for eczema nummulare (95% CI: 0.7-2.9) and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5-2.9), respectively. No association was found between bleeding deepened periodontal pockets and atopic dermatitis. Further adjustments for C-reactive protein, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases did not essentially change the risk estimates among either the total population or the non-smokers.

CONCLUSION
Bleeding periodontal pockets appeared to be associated with the presence of seborrheic dermatitis and eczema nummulare. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To summarize the etiopathogenisis,diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and effects of postoperative gastroparesis syndrome(PGS) after pancreatobiliary surgery.Method 20 cases of PGS received conservative therapy in whom 8 of total parenteral nutrition(TPN),12 of total enteral nutrition(TEN),and 5 added Zusanli acupuncture in the TEN group.Results One case of TPN died without PGS healed,and the other 19 cases got recovered by the conservative therapy.The mean therapeutic time for PGS was(34.2±3.5)days of TPN,(26.3±8.6)days of TEN,and(20.5±9.3)days of TEN plus acupuncture.Conclusion PGS after pancreatobiliary surgery should be cured by conservative therapy.TEN plus Zusanli acupuncture may be helpful for the recovery.


A documental study of articles on educational planning published in the journal Cadernos de Pesquisa. 35 pieces published in the Educational Planning (Planejamento Educacional), section in the period between 1972 and 1986 were analyzed. The aim was to analyze the texts from a historical perspective of development of educational planning in Latin America. An analysis of the documents was conducted, defining two levels of analysis, one relating to the textual elements of the articles and the other relating to the content discussed. In the first level of analysis, analytical texts, overviews of methodologies and experiences and guidance texts were identified. In relation to the second level of analysis, the following categories were observed: the first consists of educational planning under the economic system; the second consists of articles that discuss themes and reflections on educational planning; and the third category consists of critical works on educational planning.


A simple colorimetric method for determining serum or plasma cholinesterase has been described. The cholinesterase acts on acetylthiocholine to release thiocholine, which reacts with 5:5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to produce a yellow color. The activity is measured after incubation for 3 min. at 37° the reaction is stopped by the excess addition of quinidine sulfate. The difference in absorbance between the blank and test sample is then measured at 412 mµ. Duplicate determinations can be run on 0.1 ml. of serum or plasma, and the method is well suited to laboratories using routine procedures.


Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is involved in the regulation of diverse biological functions through association with several proteins that enable them to respond to abiotic and biotic stresses. Though Ca2+-dependent signalling has been implicated in the regulation of several physiological processes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ca2+ sensor proteins are not characterized completely. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has diverged from land plants lineage, but shares many common genes with animals, particularly those encoding proteins of the eukaryotic flagellum (or cilium) along with the basal body. Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, is an important effector of Ca2+ signalling in animals, while calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) play an important role in Ca2+ sensing and signalling in plants. The present study led to the identification of 13 novel CBL-like Ca2+ sensors in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome. One of the archetypical genes of the newly identified candidate, CrCBL-like1 was characterized. The ability of CrCBL-like1 protein to sense as well as bind Ca2+ were validated using two-step Ca2+-binding kinetics. The CrCBL-like1 protein localized around plasma membrane, basal bodies and in flagella, and interacted with voltage gated Ca2+ channel protein (VGCC) present abundantly in the flagella, indicating its involvement in the regulation of the Ca2+ concentration for flagellar movement. The CrCBL-like1 transcript and protein expression was also found to respond to abiotic stresses, suggesting its involvement in diverse physiological processes. Thus, the present study identifies novel Ca2+ sensors and key players involved in Ca2+signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and  help to understand the evolution of Ca2+ mediated signalling in other eukaryotes.


The emergence of 3G technology makes mobile library gain an unprecedented development chance,and the mobile library's information service model has changed in the 3G environment.This paper introduces the concepts and features of 3G technology and mobile library,elaborated the impacts of 3G on mobile library,and finally discusses mobile library information service model in the 3G environment.Integrating 3G technology and mobile library plays a great role in promoting the development of library.


The conversion of citronellal into isopulegol is a key route in the production of a number of important chemicals. In the perspective of green conversion, the use of a heterogeneous catalyst is superior due to its ease in separation and reusability, so it facilitates a highly economical conversion. In this review, we examine the use of some transition metals in cyclization reactions, which are suitable for citronellal conversion into isopulegol, and consider the potential progress in clay-based catalysts. The structure of clay which potentially provides the porosity by modification and supporting active metal is proposed to be the low-cost catalyst for the conversion. As other mechanism by porous materials-supported metal, the porosity of clay support contributes to conduct thesurface adsorption mechanism and the Broensted acid supply, meanwhile the metal acts as active site for cyclization, and in the one-pot conversion into menthol, as both cyclization and hydrogenation.


This thesis presents a computational theory for deriving depth from stereopsis. In contrast to other theories in this area, depth is not assumed to be derived directly from retinal disparities. Rather, depth is a reconstructed quantity derived from properties of surfaces. The regions of continuous surfaces are detected directly from the disparities, not from the depths of the constituent points.
The theory has several major points. The first is that one of the principal goals of processing binocular disparities is to find regions in which the disparities indicate continuous surfaces. These regions are then described in terms of geometric surface features that consist of places with nonzero second spatial derivatives. Depth, for points within these regions, is derived from these surface features and not directly from the disparities. Surfaces are distinguished from volumes by the existence of regions in which there are a sufficient number of points with disparities correlated within a narrow range. The sufficiency of the number of points depends on the density of the correlated points and the amount of uncorrelated (or volume) points. The process of distinguishing surfaces from volumes is substantially independent of the binocular fusion process. Surface feature detection is a process that seems to be performed subsequent to surface detection, and the existence of these features does not contribute to the detectability of the associated surfaces. Thus, depth is derived from surface features, which are in turn derived from regions of roughly continuous disparity. The support for this theory comes mainly from a set of empirical results that form the bulk of this thesis.


The consumption of green mate (I. paraguariensis) has been associated with health benefits, attributed mainly to its high chlorogenic acids (CGA) contents. It is known that CGA from coffee matrix are bioavailable to humans, but their bioavailability when in mate matrix has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to measure the urinary excretion of CGA and metabolites after green mate consumption. On separate days, subjects (n=7) consumed capsules of green mate (6.2μmol of CGA/Kg weight) or placebo. Urine samples were collected at baseline and for 24h after each treatment. CGA and metabolites were measured in urine by HPLC/DAD. Six CGA (3 caffeoylquinic and 3 dicaffeoylquinic acids) and 14 metabolites (caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, isoferulic, p‐coumaric, gallic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, dihydrocaffeic, syringic, sinapic, 3,4‐dihidroxyphenilacetic, 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenil)propionic, trans‐3‐hydroxycinnamic and benzoic acids) were quantified in the urine samples. The total urinary excretion after green mate (516.6μmol) consumption was higher (p<0.05) than placebo (374.7μmol). On average, after green mate consumption, 55% of total hydroxycinnamic acid and quinic acid moieties' derivatives was recovered in urine. However, the existence of phenolic acids in urine after the placebo treatment should be considered. This study indicates that CGA from green mate are absorbed and metabolized in humans.


In this article, the following errors were noted: • The third author's name incorrectly includes the middle initial "R";the name should be listed as "Monica Molgaard." • The full author's note was not included in the final article and missed acknowledging study participants and research team members;the correct acknowledgment is as follows: "We would like to acknowledge the Hertzberg Family Foundation for financially supporting this study and our participants and research team members for their participation and support." • The following Open Practices statement should have been included:Open Practices: The data and analysis files for this article can be found at https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/166522/version/V1/view. © The Author(s) 2022.


A set of active stone stripes below a small debris cone in North Wales is described. In form they do not appear to resemble stone stripes described elsewhere. They are of particular note because their form is not controlled by conventional periglacial processes, but by stones moving downslope when sheep disturb the debris cone above. This downslope movement of stones has resulted in a complex pattern of stripes and horizontal terraces, the exact form of which appears to be controlled by probability. These observations add to the debate over the mode of formation of active stone stripes in Britain and the role of non-periglacial processes.


Abstract This paper examines the use of the participles dicens or dicentes 'saying' introducing direct speech in Late Latin texts from the 6th to 8th centuries. It argues that dicens/dicentes shows signs of ongoing grammaticalization and develops into a quotative marker, acquiring a discourse-organizing function. The analyzed signs of grammaticalization of dicens/dicentes examined in the paper include "frozen" dicens/dicentes which disagrees in case and/or in number; redundant dicens/dicentes after verbs of speech; the position of dicens/dicentes immediately before direct speech; and the spread of dicens/dicentes to new contexts. It is assumed that individual instances show various degrees of grammaticalization, but that dicens/dicentes is not a fully grammaticalized quotative marker.


In order to improve the privacy preservation and mini ng accuracy,combines two main strategies in privacy preservation data mining,data perturbation and query restriction and proposes a new data preprocessing approach,Partial Hiding Transition Probability Matrix(PHTPM),then the original data are transformed and hided by PHTPH,and presents a privacy preserving association rule mining algorithm AOPAM.Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve significant improvements in terms of privacy and mining accuracy.


We report the demonstration of ultra-high Q (>2.5 ×106) ring resonators made of fully-etched single crystal aluminum nitride waveguides on sapphire substrate, at 1550nm wavelength, enabling a new class of compact classical/quantum photonic devices.


8067 Background: Accumulation of MTX in patients (pts.) with renal failure after HD-MTX is a rare, but life-threatening complication. Recombinant CPG2 cleaves MTX into the less toxic metabolite 2,4-diamino-N-pteroic acid (DAMPA) and glutamate. We have conducted an emergency use protocol using CPG2 in pts. with delayed MTX-elimination/renal failure after HD-MTX.

METHODS
Pts. with MTX serum levels of >5μmol/l at 42h, >1μmol/l at 42h* or >0.4μmol/l at 48h* (* + renal insufficiency: creatinine >1.5 upper limit of normal) after start of HD-MTX (>1g/m2 MTX) were eligible. Pts. with renal insufficiency were also eligible at <42h. Concentrations of MTX and metabolites were measured by high-performance-liquid-chromatography (HPLC) in acidified serum samples.

RESULTS
42 pts. (age: 10-78 years) with lymphoma (29), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (12) or germ cell tumor (1) were enroled. MTX serum levels at registration ranged from 1.01 - 1187.42μmol/l (median: 9.8). CPG2 was given at dosages ranging from 10-58units/kg i.v. at median 55h (range: 27-176h) after start of HD-MTX. Except for skin reaction grade III and fever grade II in one pt. each, CPG2 was well tolerated. Serial serum samples were available for HPLC analysis in 24 pts.. MTX serum levels rapidly declined from a median of 5.11μmol/l (range: 0.35-165.86) to 1μmol/l or less within 7-50 minutes after CPG2 administration. Serum creatinine levels remained normal in 2 pts. and returned to normal values in 21 pts. after a median of 17 days (range: 4-127). The remaining 19 pts. had median peak serum creatinine levels of 283μmol/l which subsequently declined to a median of 150μmol/l by days 1-58 after CPG2.

CONCLUSIONS
CPG2 is a safe and effective antidote in HD-MTX treated pts. with delayed MTX-clearance/renal failure. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of CPG2 with respect to clinical endpoints, as well as the role of this novel drug as a standard rescue agent. [Table: see text].


Neurotransmitter is packed into synaptic vesicles by vesicular transporters. The success of the transporters determines the size of a released "quanta," usually averaging a few thousand molecules. This week, Winter et al. examine regulation of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) activity by G-protein subunits. They began by analyzing mice deficient in subunits. Synaptic vesicles from G o2 / mice had reduced glutamate uptake and were not affected by an activator of G-proteins, indicating that G o2 is exclusively responsible for VGLUT regulation. The glutamate transporters depend on an electrochemical gradient maintained by the proton ATPase. Chloride ions influence the activity of VGLUTs through an interaction between these electrochemical gradient requirements, but chloride ions also appear to have direct effects on transporters. Vesicles from G o2 / mice lacked chloride activation, suggesting that the G-protein subunit acts as a direct allosteric modulator. The net effect of activated G o2 shifts maximal activity of VGLUTs to lower chloride concentrations.


abstract In order to establish a total merit index, the relative economic values of the traits considered must be known. Hence, the objective of this study was to derive economic values, defined by the value of one unit of superiority of a trait, for essential traits in dairy sheep based on a herd model. These traits included dairy (milk carrier = water, lactose and mineral nutrients, fat and protein yield), fattening (daily gain, dressing percentage, and EUROP grading score) and functional traits (stillbirth rate, losses until first mating, litter size, lambing interval, and functional longevity). To avoid double counting, the economic value for each trait was derived while keeping all other traits constant. A sheep herd with milk production, lamb fattening and rearing of young sheep for replacement was modelled. The following economic values (in €) per ewe place and year and genetic standard deviation were derived: 21.45 (milk carrier yield), 11.73 (fat yield), 16.87 (protein yield); 3.62 (daily gain), 1.62 (dressing percentage), 1.45 (EUROP-grading score), -0.28 (functional longevity), 3.00 (litter size), 1.77 (stillbirth), 5.92 (losses before first mating), and 5.35 (lambing interval). When setting functional longevity to zero, relative economic values for the trait complexes in % were as follows: dairy:meat:functional traits = 68.8:9.2:22.0, respectively.


Modelling the Velocity Profile of Coolant Flow in the GHARR-1 Fuel Channel
The velocity profile of coolant flow in the Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) fuel channel has been determined using a mathematical model based on Navier-Stokes equation. A finite difference scheme for the discretization by Marker and Cell (MAC) method was used in the model. Solution algorithms were developed and MATLAB program implemented to simulate the velocity distribution of coolant flow at a 30 kW nominal power. The fluid dynamics module of the Navier- Stokes equation in COMSOL Multiphysics v 3.4 was used to verify and validate the results obtained. The results showed a velocity distributions range of 0.9 m/s to 1.9 m/s. Reynolds number values ranging from 460 to 970 were also obtained indicating a laminar flow of coolant.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the genetic basis for a child featuring severe mental retardation.

METHODS
The child was subjected to target region capture and next generation sequencing. Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS
The child was found to harbor a hemizygous c.1A>G (pMet1?) variation of the ARX gene, for which his mother was a heterozygous carrier. The mutation was unreported previously and was predicted to be "probably pathogenic" by bioinformatic analysis.

CONCLUSION
The c.1A>G (pMet1?) variant of the ARX gene may underlie the occurrence of severe mental retardation in this child.


BCMAxCD3 targeting therapies have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity, and high minimal residual disease negativity rates can be achieved with this approach in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Despite these promising clinical results, patients eventually develop resistant disease and relapse. Thus, there is a high need for novel BCMA therapies that can evade the resistance mechanisms and provide more durable responses. Recently, we reported on the promising activity of the Local Activator and T cell Engager (LocATE) technology, a trispecific molecule that targets CD3, BCMA and PD-L1, redirecting T cells to multiple myeloma (MM) cells while selectively counteracting PD-L1/PD-1 induced immunosuppression at the immune synapse (ASH, 2020). Here we present CDR101, an optimized LocATE candidate with potential for clinical development.
 First, we analyzed the ability of CDR101 to induce PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity in two MM cell-lines expressing BCMA (U-266 and NCI-H929) and compared it to four BCMAxCD3 bispecific formats currently in clinical development (a half-life extended BCMAxCD3 BiTE, a BCMA-TCB, and two different BCMAxCD3 bispecific monoclonal antibodies) alone or in combination with a separate PD-L1 blocking antibody. CDR101 resulted in at least 10-fold increased T cell-mediated target cell lysis compared to control BCMAxCD3 bispecifics. Strikingly, CDR101 also resulted in increased MM cell killing when compared to free, independent combinations of BCMAxCD3 bispecifics and the PD-L1 inhibitor. These results, together with the observation that MM cells upregulate the expression of PD-L1 in response to treatment with BCMAxCD3 bispecifics, suggest that the superior effect of CDR101 could be attributed to preferential and highly selective inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis at the cellular interaction within the immune synapse.
 Next, bone marrow aspirates from newly diagnosed and RRMM patients were treated with increasing concentrations of CDR101 or a BCMAxCD3 bispecific control. After 24h of incubation, percentage of viable CD138-positive cells and activation status of autologous T cells were analyzed by FACS. Overall, CDR101 potently induced lysis of primary MM cells independently of the E:T ratio (range of E:T ratio between 1.3:1 and 33:1). CDR101 achieved higher target cell killing in all samples compared to the bispecific control, with at least 2-fold difference in 3 out of 4 samples at the highest concentration tested. Concomitantly, CDR101 induced a dose-dependent increase of the T cell activation marker CD25, corroborating the ability of CDR101 to counteract PD-L1/PD-1 induced immunosuppression.
 In vivo anti-tumor activity of CDR101 was evaluated using a human MM (NCI-H929) xenograft model in NPG mice. Treatment with four different doses of CDR101 or BCMAxCD3 bispecific control demonstrated that CDR101 induced stronger and more durable responses compared to the bispecific control leading to complete tumor regression in 55 out of 60 mice at the last day of treatment (day 29) with no relapse until the end of the observation time (day 41).
 Collectively, CDR101 demonstrated that targeting BCMA with simultaneous blockade of PD-L1 leads to improved myeloma cell killing compared to clinically validated therapies. In contrast to high-affinity PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, CDR101 selectively inhibits PD-L1 at the immune synapse preventing on-target off-tumor effects. This is expected to translate into a decreased incidence of immune related adverse events (irAEs) and better efficacy arguing for a high clinical potential and swift translation into the clinic.

 Vrohlings: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Jungmichel: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Senn: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Howald: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Schleier: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Scheifele: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Wendelspiess: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Richle: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Merten: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Lenherr-Frey: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Leisner: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Manz: CDR-Life Inc: Consultancy, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; University of Zurich: Patents & Royalties: CD117xCD3 TEA. Borras: CDR-Life Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company.


The defects in a large diamond crystal synthesized by HPHT temperature gradient method with rapid descent of temperature were studied using white synchrotron radiation topography.Dislocations which originated from the surfaces of the seed and extended along the directions of ± and ± were observed within the crystal grown at the early stage.The crystal was then grown to the direction at the middle growing stage and no dislocations were found generated at this stage.A lot of dislocation bundles were generated at the last growth stage of the crystal and each bundle was composed of many straight extended dislocations originated from the same point and extended radially within a sector about 30°.The origins of the dislocation bundles was distributed near the surface of the crystal.Most of the dislocation bundles were generated near the(1-00) and those near the(100) were in the second place,and still there were some existing near the crystal face(010) and(01-0).The growth directions of the dislocation bundles was mainly within the range from to and near the direction.Also,few of the dislocation bundles were found directing to and.The generation of the dislocation bundles was associated with the rapid descent of the temperature in the last growth stage of the diamond crystal.


Data collection mechanism is a crucial factor of the performance of intrusion detection system (IDS). Stratified random sampling technique of statistics is introduced to the procedure of data collection of IDS, and a new data collection model and its implementation for IDS are provided in this paper. The issue of sample size allocation in strata is discussed, and formulas used to calculate the sample size of packets based on proportional allocation are presented. Experimental results show this method is able to improve the efficiency of data collection for IDS with little devaluation of detection precision, and exceedingly strengthen the processing performance of IDS especially in the large-scale high-speed network.


Successful exploration and production programs for organic-rich shales depend significantly on the kerogen characterization, i.e., identification of kerogen content estimation of its maturity, and prediction of kerogen with different methods. When the kerogen matures, it initially produces oil, and


The article considers the problem of formation of teenagers' ethno-cultural competence as one of the major problems of getting the rising generation ready to life. In the conditions of interaction of school and establishments of cultural-leisure type teenagers learn to recognize a pluralism principle, receive knowledge of other people and their cultures that allows understanding their originality and value.


Introduction: as morning shows the day Part I: Reason and Autonomy 1. The ethical agent and reasonableness 1.1. Reasonableness and autonomy 1.2. The aspects of reasonableness 1.3. Reasonableness and moral education 2. The ethical agent and autonomy 2.1. Kant on reason and autonomy 2.2. Reason and development 2.3. Evidence from experimental developmental psychology 2.4. A reconceptualization of autonomy 2.5. Towards a new understanding of autonomy 3. Pedagogic action and the development of autonomy 3.1. Dialogical action and the classroom 3.2. Autonomy again 3.3. From foundations to moral theory Part II: Moral Theory and Moral Development 4. A target for moral education 4.1. Meta-ethical theory: monolithic or multi-dimensional? 4.2. Virtue ethics 4.3. Virtue ethics: benefits and drawbacks 5. Discourse ethics 5.1. Habermas and discourse ethics 5.2. A critical appraisal of discourse ethics 5.3. Discourse ethics: benefits and drawbacks 6. A meta-ethics for an ethical education program 6.1. Strengths and weaknesses 6.2. Discursive virtue ethics 6.3. From meta-ethics to the classroom Part III: Discourse and Ethics in the Classroom 7. Introducing the community of inquiry 7.1. The community of inquiry 7.2. Vygotskian learning in the community of inquiry 8. Development and the community of inquiry 8.1. The development of reasonableness 8.2. Ethical development in the community of inquiry 8.3. The place of the teacher 8.4. Indoctrination, ethical relativism, moral indifference and the path between them 8.5. Towards detailed practice 9. At the chalkface 9.1. The preliminary phase of the community of inquiry 9.2. The discussion phase of the community of inquiry 9.3. Classroom communities of ethical inquiry


Some examples are given of electronic displays which might be found on board a ship. Their uses and operational aspects are examined. Emphasis is placed on electronic chart systems and the needs of the Master.


We report a micro- and nano-machined surface cavity on which boiling nucleation resumes after ceasing in perfluorohexane (i.e., FC-72, a Fluorinert™ from 3M™) for a short time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such success with FC-72, which has the lowest surface tension of all available liquids and completely wets any existing material including Teflon® so that all surface cavities get flooded once nucleation stops. Despite the wide usage in electronics cooling, FC-72 was never considered for boiling heat transfer because once cooled boiling would not restart without an excessive heating. Our result experimentally supports the half-century-old idea of doubly re-entrant cavities envisioned to facilitate more stable nucleation, encouraging further development.


— The rising concern about energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biofuel to provide the suitable petrol oil for internal combustion engines. Biofuel offer a very promising alternative to petrol oil since they are renewable and have parallel properties. With these objectives, the present work has focused on the performance of engine, measuring the performance of engine by blending bioethanol made from water hyacinth and calculate emission of Three cylinder, 4 stroke petrol engine. In this experimental study we will find effect of bioethanol blends on engine.


Nowadays, corporate brands were facing the problems of short life cycle, slowdown in incomes growth. The research of the growth corporate brand's main features and development restriction could help to cultivate and promote the growth and sustainable development of corporate brand, and to prolong the life of apparel corporate brand. Growth corporate brand has been made out by using life cycle model through the analysis of the financial data belonged to 61 apparel corporate brands. According to the analysis of the empirical results, the variation features of the growth brand's brand earnings have been obtained, which had some reference value for the growth and development of corporate brand.


The liquid state of carbon at low pressure is investigated wtih a first-principles molecular dynamics simulation. Its controversial electronic properties are elucidated in terms of density of states and conductivity calculations, showing that the system is a metal, in agreement with experiments reported last year. Furthermore, an accurate analysis of the atomic structure indicates that the liquid is composed of two-fold, three-fold, and four-fold coordinated atoms, which display different bonding properties.