The recent demonstration of current-driven magnetic domain wall logic [Z. Luo et al., Nature 579:214] was based on a three-input logic gate that was identified as a reconfigurable NAND/NOR function. We reinterpret this logic gate as a minority gate within the context of threshold logic, enabling a domain wall threshold logic paradigm in which the device count can be reduced by 80%. Furthermore, by extending the logic gate to more than three inputs of non-equal weight, an 87% reduction in device count can be achieved.


We report a 59 years male who presented with urinary tract infection due to a colovesical fistula secondary to colonic diverticuli.


"Power" is the topic of a focal point of Liu Zhenyun's early novels. The author depicts a historical view of lustrous and dazzling through thousands of years of historical dust. The history in the novel has been invented and real figures in history have been deprived of the flesh, letting them on the stage to perform scenes of lust, the desire for power, and material desire. The novel contains the author's deeply concern of reality.


▸ Coccia M, Harrison OJ, Schiering C, et al. IL-1β mediates chronic intestinal inflammation by promoting the accumulation of IL-17A secreting innate lymphoid cells and CD4 Th17 cells. J Exp Med 2012. doi: 10.1084/jem.20111453 Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased levels of IL-1β in the intestinal mucosa but there is limited knowledge on the contribution of this cytokine to intestinal pathology and the potential impact on therapeutic strategies. This recent study by Coccia and colleagues used two complementary mouse models of chronic intestinal inflammation to dissect the cellular mechanisms through which IL-1β exerts its effects. They demonstrated that IL-1β was responsible for increasing recruitment of granulocytes and activating and accumulating innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in an experimentally induced infection model (Helicobacter hepaticus). Furthermore using a Tcell transfer colitis model, they identified a key role for T cell-specific IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signalling in pathogenic CD4 T cells in the colon. They also demonstrated that IL-1β promotes Th17 responses from CD4 Tcells and ILCs in the intestine. The data demonstrate the beneficial effect of blocking IL-1β on reducing chronic intestinal inflammation and provide plausible mechanistic insight into its pro-inflammatory action. The findings build on the knowledge that IBD patients carrying a risk variant of the ATG16L1 gene show increased IL-1β production upon NOD2 stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes. The data provide useful insights into the multiple mechanisms through which the numerous successful IL-1β blocking therapies elicit their effects and reinforce the potential of targeting IL-1β as a therapeutic strategy in IBD.


Environmental restoration and waste management (ER and WM) challenges in the United States Department of Energy (DOE), and around the world, involve radiation or other hazards which will necessitate the use of remote operations to protect human workers from dangerous exposures. Remote operations carry the implication of greater costs since remote work systems are inherently less productive than contact human work due to the inefficiencies/complexities of teleoperation. To reduce costs and improve quality, much attention has been focused on methods to improve the productivity of combined human operator/remote equipment systems; the achievements to date are modest at best. The most promising avenue in the near term is to supplement conventional remote work systems with robotic planning and control techniques borrowed from manufacturing and other domains where robotic automation has been used. Practical combinations of teleoperation and robotic control will yield telerobotic work systems that outperform currently available remote equipment. It is believed that practical telerobotic systems may increase remote work efficiencies significantly. Increases of 30% to 50% have been conservatively estimated for typical remote operations. It is important to recognize that the basic hardware and software features of most modern remote manipulation systems can readily accommodate the functionality required for telerobotics. Further, several of the additional system ingredients necessary to implement telerobotic control--machine vision, 3D object and workspace modeling, automatic tool path generation and collision-free trajectory planning--are existent.


[Objective]The research aimed to study on the antibacterial effects of the skin,mucus,meat meal and fat of Andrias davidianus Blanchard.[Method]The antibacterial components were extracted from the mucus,skin and meat meal of A.davidianus with 80% methanol solution and oil extracts was extracted with aether.By filter paper diffusion method,the antibacterial effects of 4 kinds of extracts from A.davidianus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella and E.coli were studied.[Result]The extracts from the skin of A.davidianus had stronger inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella,but they had no antibacterial effect on E.coli.The mucus,meat meal and oil of A.davidianus had no significant inhibition on 4 kinds of bacteria.[Conclusion]The skin is the main antimicrobial part of A.davidianus.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stunning method on critical blood variables and their repercussions in four experimental groups on the physical-chemical characteristics of guinea pig meat (Cavia porcellus). Eighty Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs distributed in four experimental groups were used. Those in groups 1 and 2 (G1 y G2) were stunned using the dislocation method, while those in groups 3 and 4 (G3 y G4) were subjected to electrical insensibilization (80 volts/5 s).


We investigate numerically the critical conditions for detachment of an isolated, wall-bound emulsion droplet acted upon by surface tension and wall-normal buoyancy forces alone. To that end, we present a simple extension of a diffuse-interface model for partially miscible binary mixtures that was previously employed for simulating several two-phase flow phenomena far and near the critical point [A. G. Lamorgese et al. "Phase-field approach to multiphase flow modeling," Milan J. Math. 79(2), 597–642 (2011)] to allow for static contact angles other than 90°. We use the same formulation of the Cahn boundary condition as first proposed by Jacqmin ["Contact-line dynamics of a diffuse fluid interface," J. Fluid Mech. 402, 57–88 (2000)], which accommodates a cubic (Hermite) interpolation of surface tensions between the wall and each phase at equilibrium. We show that this model can be successfully employed for simulating three-phase contact line problems in stable emulsions with nearly immiscible components. We...


Evaluating adolescent reproductive and sexual health programs produces empirical evidence of their impact upon the behavior of young people. While simple evaluations can help improve program operations increase efficiency and help meet program objectives poorly designed overly ambitious evaluations waste time disappoint and/or ultimately do not serve the needs of many program managers and staff. The findings of appropriate well-conducted evaluation studies can be used to increase the effectiveness of programs designed and implemented to address adolescent pregnancy too-early childbearing and the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Program designers and planners can use the documented results of successful approaches in the development of new interventions for youth. This paper describes process evaluation outcome evaluation and impact evaluation as well as how evaluations are designed and how evaluation results can be used and shared.


Abstract: This study set out to investigate the effect of consumer factors on store brand choice in the retail industry in Kenya. A cross-sectional explanatory design was used. The target population in this study was 10,535 registered customers in selected supermarkets in the Nairobi County Business District. Convenient sampling was adopted to select the supermarkets and proportionate random sampling was conducted to select the 385 respondents. Data was collected from primary sources using structured questionnaires. The study analyzed data with assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 as a tool to process and analyses data. The study established that store brand choice in the retail industry was moderate. The study found out that in terms of Store Image Perceptions on Store Brand Choice; store arrangement make it easier to do self-selection, staff always available to assist where need be, shopping environment makes shopping enjoyable and store owned by foreigners who care about quality. The study revealed that in terms of Store Brand Price- Image on Store Brand Choice; the store offers competitive prices across product ranges. Customers have never come across differences between price label and till price in this supermarket, shopping experience is good value for money and the store uses price baiting to attract customer. The study further found out that in terms of Store Brand Perceived Value on Store Brand Choice; store has wide range, stores private brands are sourced from reputable manufacturers, store stocks high quality products, the company's own brands such as milk, bread are my first choice other brands second and store assures customers about quality of brands and in terms of Store Brand Attitude on Store Brand Choice study revealed that store offers wide product categories as well as store offers good quality products. The study also found out that store image perceptions, store brand price-image, store brand perceived value and store brand attitude accounted for 24.3% of the variation in store brand choice in the retail industry in Kenya. The model exhibited a joint significant relationship between all independent variable and dependent variable. Individually Store image perception and Store brand price –image were significantly related to store brand choice in the retail industry in Kenya. The study concludes that the proposed framework of the study was able to demonstrate moderate explanatory power. Notably the study provides evidence for the influence of consumer factors on store brand choice in the retail industry in Kenya as suggested by the literature. Store image perception emerged as the stronger predictor of store brand choice followed by Store brand price –image, Store brand attitude and Store brand perceived value respectively. The study further concluded that the established regression model was moderately significantly good for forecasting and could be used for prediction.


This study focuses on connections between labor struggles in professional sports and the epidemic of concussions among athletes, specifically in the National Football League (NFL) and National Hockey League (NHL). Using a critical discourse analysis (CDA), we explain how popular media presents concussions in ways that are informative but often avoid a more politicized discussion of the athlete as a manual worker whose body succumbs to use and abuse of sport. We found two recurring themes in the North American popular press, including a tendency to (1) rely on a trope of "millionaires-versus-billionaires" to explain (and minimize) recent labor lockouts in the NFL and NHL and (2) shift focus on league deniability to athletes' self-responsibility in the concussion "crisis." Despite the urgency in which sports concussions and brain injuries have been reported in recent years, the two narratives work to discourage readers from recognizing how such health issues arise under specific relations of production, and that an athlete is a particular type of worker whose body is subjected to decline and disposability like so many other bodies under late capitalism. As we argue, working conditions are inseparable from concussions in professional sports, a phenomenon that requires further development within the popular press.


The rotational spectra of the normal and seven isotopic species of cyclopropenylidene c-C3H2 have been measured at high spectral resolution by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of a supersonic molecular beam between 10 and 43 GHz. Deuterium quadrupole coupling and carbon-13 spin-rotation hyperfine constants were determined in addition to the rotational constants. Quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants derived from 28 lines between 150 and 316 GHz of the doubly deuterated species c-C3D2 allow the rotational spectrum to be calculated to 0.5 km s−1 or better in equivalent radial velocity up to 500 GHz. Spectroscopic constants determined from four centimeter-wave and 19 millimeter-wave lines of the normal species c-C3H2, including 15 with sharp Lamb-dips, allow prediction of the most important astronomical transitions (i.e., those with ΔJ = 1 and Ka ⩽ 3) to 0.05 km s−1 or better at 500 GHz. The doubly deuterated species is a good candidate for detection in cold dark clouds, because deuterium fractionation is high in c-C3H2 and lines of C3HD are fairly intense in these sources. An accurate empirical equilibrium structure of c-C3H2, derived from the experimental rotational constants of normal and isotopic c-C3H2, corrected for zero-point vibrational effects, is compared with previously reported structures.


One of the many pleasures and privileges of living in the Cape area is that there are always more poorly known plants to go out and track down. Quite a few of these are lowland species, but by far the majority are mountain dwellers, often confined to a single valley in one of the Cape Fold mountain ranges.


The objective of this research is to develop a processing technology to prolong the shelf-life of amaranth sprouts (Amaranthus caudatus L.), extend the organoleptic characteristics of the raw grain and promote a different alternative of consumption of this psudocereal. The variety of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) INIAP Alegria, was used as a raw material classified 1 mm sieve and grain listed as first class according to the NTE-INEN 2646, 2012. The germination process was 16,5 °C ambient temperature by rinsing with clean water and drained every 8 hours for 6 days plus 12 hours of indirect sunlight. The shoots were divided into three coded samples by thermal treatment and normal, accelerated and extreme storage conditions that applied for subsequent microbiological and sensory analysis. A pilot run was carried out prior to experimental design in order to establish guidelines for obtaining sprouts, microbiological techniques, selection of affective judges and to employ prototypes of different packaging options as opposed to traditional packaging used for sprouts in this country, finally experimentations were carried out to establish a comparison between packaging and the effect on lifetime of the sprouts. Microbiological results both in the pilot test and experimental designs have contamination of samples on day 0 and 7 respectively evaluation, samples stored under accelerated and extreme being the most polluted conditions. Sensory evaluation was performed, applying hedonic and sorting scales, obtaining significant difference between treatments. It was determined that the lifetime of Amaranth sprouts, which was pasteurized, packed and stored, is limited, five days where there is no fungal contamination and deterioration of their organoleptic characteristics is absent. Finally applying the proposed methods, production costs were generated for the benefit of 1 ton / month of outbreaks of amaranth at a cost of $ 3.176,76 ($ 3,17 kg / product), thereby to obtain 200 g of product packaging, represents a cost of 0.80 cents.


The thalamic relations of the caudal inferior parietal lobule and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in monkeys have been investigated with both anterograd and retrograde neuroanatomical tracing techniques.


The foods are very essential of any organisms, basically its needs for growth, existence and culture aspects. Study of food and feeding habits of L. vannamei have manifold importance in fishery biology. The shrimp aquaculture has appeared in the last two decades primarily as a live holding and marketing strategy, to bring certainty to supply of high value L. vannamei. Still a number of species of marine shrimp are edible, the biggest and most highly esteemed species suitable for coastal aquaculture. Shrimp farmers also need to know how much feed their livestock have actually consumed but this can be difficult to judge and also the successful farming a detailed knowledge about the food and feeding habit is essential. The analysis of gut contents of L. vannamei provides information about particular shrimp in the ecosystem.


The present invention belongs to the technical field detecting a touch screen, a touch detecting method and system for a capacitive touch screen. The method and system using the energy output value of the comparator touch screen sensor, the dynamically adjusted canceling signal to the inverting input of the comparator, to obtain a first detection signal and second detection signal is triggered when the touch panel is not triggered, the use of first energy difference detection signal and second detection signals to obtain touch information. Cancellation may be implemented with the input signal to the comparator and to dynamically adjust the detection signals with different phase ends, reducing the unwanted signal after the cancellation, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the touch impedance adaptation index.


In order to implement a methodology to propagate clonally patterns avocado (Persea americana Var. zutano), it was proposed to determine the effect of combinations of growth regulators IBA and BAP at different concentrations to establish knots of P. americana Var. zutano condicionees in vitro. This research was conducted in the In Vitro Culture Laboratory. An experimental design was completely randomized, with 9 treatments, 3 repetitions and 6 experimental units. The variables studied were seedling height and number of leaves per seedling. According to these variables, it was determined that the dose of 0.5 ppm BAP (benzyl amino purine), encouraged the further growth of knots and more leaves per explant at 45 days. According to the results it is concluded that to obtain avocado clonal rootstocks, it is considered more efficient treatment with four doses of BAP 0.5ppm because it had the highest number of leaves and seedling longer, compared with other treatments.


Objective To study the psychological behavior of patients with chronic diseases during the pandemic period of COVID-19 Methods A total of 84 patients with chronic diseases in clinic during the outbreak of COVID-19 were collected as the study subjects The psychological behaviors of patients with metabolic diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19 were investigated by the questionnaire of WeChat Results Among the participants, 88 08% were afraid being infected with COVID-19 in the hospital, but 82 15% thought they were not the source of infection;and 70 24% of subjects were anxious about cancelling treatment because of the outbreak of COVID-19 60 71% subjects thought chronic disease was effectively controlled during the outbreak of COVID-19, and 90 48% of the subjects suggested more prescription drugs should be provided to reduce the clinic return and risk of infection The proportion of subjects with mild depression or anxiety and subclinical insomnia was the highest The SDS, SAS and ISI scale scores were significantly higher than the national norm (P < 0 05) Multivariate regression analysis showed that age and education level were risk factors for insomnia Conclusion During the pandemic period of COVID-19, the patients with chronic disease suffered from depression, anxiety and insomnia


Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): sparfloxacin, 0.5 and 8.0; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 8.0; ciprofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; ofloxacin, 2.0 and 32.0; D-ofloxacin, 32.0 and > 64.0; ceftazidime, 8.0 and 64.0; piperacillin with or without tazobactam, 16.0 and > 64.0; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 0.5 and > 64.0; imipenem, 2.0 and > 64.0. With the exception of those for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia, and Alcaligenes faecalis-A. odorans, agar dilution MICs for all strains tested were within 1 dilution of inhibitory (bacteriostatic) levels as determined by time-kill methodology.


Graph classification is an important tool for analysing structured and semi-structured data, where subgraphs are commonly used as the feature representation. However, the number and size of subgraph features crucially depend on the threshold parameters of frequent subgraph mining algorithms. Any improper setting of the parameters will generate many trivial short-pattern subgraph fragments which dominate the feature space, distort graph classifiers and bury interesting long-pattern subgraphs. In this paper, we propose a new Subgraph Join Feature Selection (SJFS) algorithm. The SJFS algorithm, by forcing graph classifiers to join short-pattern subgraph fragments, can defrag trivial subgraph features and deliver long-pattern interesting subgraphs. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world social network graph data demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.


The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial washing machinery and in particular relates to an industrial drying machine. The machine comprises a case, a door body part, an external cylinder arranged inside the case, an internal cylinder installed in the external cylinder and an air heating device installed on the case. The machine also comprises a wind guide device, wherein one endof the wind guide device is connected with the air heating device and the other end of the wind guide device stretches into the internal cylinder along the axial direction of the internal cylinder; the air heating device comprises a steam radiating box and a heat collecting cover connected with the steam radiating box; and the steam radiating box comprises a radiating primary box and a radiating secondary box which are connected with each other. The wind supply mode of the wind guide device is changed from the traditional mode of supplying wind from the radial direction to the internal cylinder to the mode of supplying wind from the axial direction, thus solving the problem of airflow shielding due to high-speed rotation of the internal cylinder during radial wind supply. As the wind is supplied from the axial direction, the airflow is sufficient and the heat loss is low, thus greatly improving the energy utilization rate, and meanwhile, the two-stage air heating mode further effectively prevents the heat energy from losing, thus lowering the use cost of the drying machine.


he present paper analyses a broad range of one- and multifactor models of the term structure of interest rates. We assess the influence of the number of factors, mean reversion, and the factor probability distributions on the term structure shapes the models generate, and use spread options as an aggregate measure of the relative importance assigned to rising and falling forward rate curves by the models considered. We derive valuation formulas for these contingent claims in the multifactor Gaussian and CIR-models. Our main result is that the specification of mean reversion and the number of factors are both much more important for the relative movements of interest rates than the distributional characteristics of the factors. To the extent that interest rate risk depends on the movements of different parts of the term structure relative to one another rather than on shifts of its absolute level, the distributional assumption on the factor dynamics is found to be essentially irrelevant.


Intolerance phenomenon that is currently happening in Indonesia requires a quick and precise response and involvesvarious parties. Universities as a miniature of the diversity of the Indonesian nation need to make a series of efforts toimprove multicultural understanding so that they can produce students who are friendly to diversity, and view differencesas a necessity as well as a gift from God. This research, conducted through library research, discusses the interconnectionbetween Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan and Bahasa Indonesia courses to build multicultural understanding of studentsliving in the digital era. The results of the research indicate that the interconnection between Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan and Bahasa Indonesia courses can be an alternative strategy to build multicultural understanding of the digital generation, especially when the substance of Bahasa Indonesia is embedded in the subject matter, i.e. the dynamics of national and state life, national identity, and integration, as well as synergies for the prosperity of the nation packaged creatively and innovatively through a digital campaign.


Until recently, with some notable exceptions, contemporary political philosophy has had little to say about topics of "governance." Unlike earlier thinkers, contemporary theorists have largely ignored topics such as bureaucracy, institutions, corruption, public integrity, and public service. Accordingly, Rothstein and Jan Teorell's idea of "Quality of Government" ("QoG"), combined with the work of other political scientists and public administration theorists, invites a welcome and long overdue return to topics of governance for political philosophy. This chapter first aims to clarify the precise question to which "QoG" is intended to be answer, that is, the question of "good governance" and distinguish it from more traditional philosophical concerns with justice and legitimacy. We review the limited philosophical landscape, and then critique of the QoG as a theory of good governance. Finally, we tentatively outline an alternative account, and consider directions for future research.


Abstract The VITA (Variable‐Interval Time‐Averaging) technique is employed to detect burst‐events in the turbulent boundary layers for 103 <Reθ<105, where Reθ is the, Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness. The results show that the threshold level and integration time strongly affect the detected numbers of burst‐events and the conditionally averaged streamwise velocity fluctuation. The Reynolds number has little effect on the dimensionless mean frequency between bursts and the conditionally averaged streamwise velocity fluctuation distribution. The viscous time scale is conjectured to be the appropriate variable for scaling the mean period between bursts in the wall region.


Blue primordial power spectra with a spectral index $n>1$ can lead to a significant production of primordial black holes in the very early Universe. The evaporation of these objects leads to a number of observational consequences and a model independent upper limit of $n \approx 1.4$. In some cases this limit is strengthened to $n=1.3$. Such limits may be employed to define the boundary to the region of parameter space consistent with generalized inflationary predictions. [To appear in Proceedings of the CASE WESTERN CMB WORKSHOP, April 22-24 1994. Figures available on request from firstname.lastname@example.com]


The ice-albedo feedback is a potentially important de-stab ilizing effect for the climate of terrestrial planets. It is based on the positive feed back between decreasing surface temperatures, an increase of snow and ice cover and a n associated increase in planetary albedo, which then further decreases surface t emperature. A recent study shows that for M stars, the strength of the ice-albedo f edback is reduced due to the strong spectral dependence of stellar radiation a nd snow/ice albedos, i.e. M stars primarily emit in the near-IR, where the snow and ice albedo is low, and less in the visible where the snow /ice albedo is high. This study investigates the influence of the atmosphere (in t erms of surface pressure and atmospheric composition) for this feedback, s ince an atmosphere was neglected in previous studies. A plane-parallel radiat ive transfer model is used for the calculation of planetary albedos. We varied CO 2 partial pressures as well as the H2O, CH4, and O3 content in the atmosphere for planets orbiting Sun-like and M-type stars. Results suggest that for planets around M stars, the ice-alb edo effect is significantly reduced, compared to planets around Sun-like stars . Including the effects of an atmosphere further suppresses the sensitivity to the i ce-albedo e ffect. Atmospheric key properties such as surface pressure, but also th e abundance of radiative trace gases can considerably change the strength of the icealbedo feedback. For dense CO2 atmospheres of the order of a few to tens of bar, atmospheric r athe than surface properties begin to dominate the planetary radiati on budget. At high CO2 pressures, the ice-albedo feedback is strongly reduced for planets around M stars. The presence of trace amounts of H 2O and CH4 in the atmosphere also weakens


This paper describes a system for performing high precision IDDQ measurement of CMOS ICs having a large peak current during operation. Although the measurement rate is at a low speed of 200uS, the average current of up to 1A during operation may be accepted by improving the dynamic load regulation. This system is also applicable to conventional testing apparatus. This paper covers problems in IDDQ testing, solution for the problems, embodiment of each circuit, verijication of the results, conclusion and future issues.


In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to optimize the structure dimensions of the plate-fin heat exchangers (PFHEs). The major objectives are to minimize the total weight and total annual cost of the PFHEs for given constrained conditions. The total weight target ensures an exchanger of the smallest size with minimum capital cost, whereas the annual cost target yields the optimum pressure drops accounting for the trade-off between power consumption and heat exchanger weight. The total length and width of the PFHE core, number of hot side layers, fin height, and pitch on each side of the PFHE are considered as optimization variables. The logarithmic mean temperature difference method is used for the design of the PFHE. Also compared with the results obtained by PSO and the traditional genetic algorithm, the PSO algorithm presents a shorter computational time and better results under the same design parameters and the same optimization variables.


We report in this study the cases of epilepsy observed in the onchocerciasis focus of the city of Inga in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The aim of this study is to contribute to the search for a possible epilepsy-onchocerciasis relationship in the city of Inga. The average age of our patients is 39, 12 ± 15.71 years with a male predominance (sex ratio = 2, 62). Fishermen are the most affected by onchocerciasis with 44.85%. The length of stay of patients in the city of Inga is 24, 71 ± 9.5 years. The exsangual cutaneous biopsy was positive in 58 people out of 100, ie 58%. The mean parasitic load is 4.65 ± 2.6 microfilariae per biopsy. The presence of onchocerciasis in the city of Inga does not seem to be a determining factor in the occurrence of epilepsy: in our study the association of epilepsy and onchocerciasis has not been demonstrated (p = 0.075). Onchocerciasis could be, due to insomnia and the state of hyperexcitability that it causes, a factor favoring the onset of epileptic seizures and not a cause of epilepsy. © 2017 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Pharmacy 130 (2019) 53158-53160 Pharmacy Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Joseph Tshienda Tshizubu et al./ Elixir Pharmacy 130 (2019) 53158-53160 53159 HOLTH or WALZER models. The removed skin fragments were deposited in the holes of the microtiter plates after addition of a drop of distilled water. The plates were covered with parafilm paper. Microfilariae were observed in the fresh state under a microscope after 30 minutes Figure 1. Collection of the biopsy from a patient of our study in the city of Inga. Analysis and processing of data The databases were created from Microsoft Office Access 2007 and the graphics were created using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Spss15 and Excel were used for data entry and processing. The following statistical calculations were used: percentage, mean, standard deviation and sex ratio. The significance threshold set at the value of p <0.5


In this study, the modelling and optimization studies of the carcinogenic acid dye sorption from aqueous solutions were carried out using the Factor Design Methodology. This methodology provides a predictive model of the response in the range of variables studied and determines the optimum conditions for the best performance. The sorption of acid dye AB113 on Moroccan prickly pear cactus peel (MPPCP) was chosen as a case study of a typical removal process. Minitab17 software was used to study the effects of adsorption parameters, including initial dye concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the experimental results obtained. The studied parameters at two levels (-1 and +1) were coded as X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5, consecutively. The optimum conditions obtained for the adsorption of AB113 dye were: 1 g for the mass of MPPCP, 6 for the initial solution pH, 180 min for the contact time and 20 mg/L for the initial dye concentration. The results show that the model is well adapted to the experimental data, indicating the suitability of the model and the success of the factorial design methodology in optimizing the adsorption conditions.


The performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) resonant cavities made of bulk niobium is limited by nonlinear localized effects. Surface analysis of regions of higher power dissipation is thus of intense interest. Such areas (referred to as "hotspots") were identified in a large-grain single-cell cavity that had been buffered-chemical polished and dissected for examination by high resolution electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction microscopy (EBSD), and optical microscopy. Pits with clearly discernible crystal facets were observed in both "hotspot" and "coldspot" specimens. The pits were found in-grain, at bicrystal boundaries, and on tricrystal junctions. They are interpreted as etch pits induced by crystal defects (e.g. dislocations). All coldspots examined had a qualitatively lower density of etch pits or relatively smooth tricrystal boundary junctions. EBSD mapping revealed the crystal orientation surrounding the pits. Locations with high pit density are correlated with higher mean values of the local average misorientation angle distributions, indicating a higher geometrically necessary dislocation content. In addition, a survey of the samples by energy dispersive x-ray analysis did not show any significant contamination of the samples' surface. In conclusion, the local magnetic field enhancement produced by the sharp-edge features observed on the samples is not sufficient to explain the observedmore » degradation of the cavity quality factor, which starts at peak surface magnetic field as low as 20 mT.« less


The present invention is, for the fixing or crimping a portion or detachable state to the outside surface 23 of the catheter 5, there is about implant 1 to be delivered to the implantation site, the implant 1, the longitudinal axis 19 , or have an internal space or interior volume was stretched in the longitudinal direction in the implant 1 has a radius direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 19, the internal space or interior volume. The implant 1 comprises a first structural element having a first portion 31, a second structural element having a second portion 33, one or more mutually arranged between the first structural element and the second structural element and a connection element. The implant 1 Oite first portion and / or the second portion 31 and 33, the longitudinal axis 19, with respect to the interior space or volume, as compared to the third portion 24 of one or more number of interconnect elements, less radius the Jo not disposed. The present invention further relates to the method and delivery. .Field


Abstract : The objective of this research is to develop a mathematical model and control algorithm for maintenance of the environmental system within the Controlled Environmental Research Chamber (CERC) located at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA. The hypobaric research chamber is currently undergoing renovation as part of the Human Exploration Development Project (HEDP), an effort on behalf of NASA for advanced life support research. A broad overview of the chamber is provided which includes a physical description, preliminary system hardware and associated performance, and potential experimental uses. A mathematical model of the chamber air mass is developed based on key energy and mass balances. Two methods of adaptive control have been implemented for the coupled control of temperature, composition, pressure and humidity within the closed environment. Simulations testing the control algorithm performance are conducted, including a sup and modified ramp response. The results of the simulations indicate the adaptive methods performed well for the model presented. Further research is required in refining the chamber model for algorithm optimization including integration of hardware dynamics.


Abstract The double flash technique of F. K. Dolezalek and W. E. Spear (1975, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 36, 819) for the measurement of recombination coefficients was used to determine the recombination mechanism of drifting electrons and holes in stabilized a-Se (Cl-doped a-Se: 0.3% As). The experiments show that the recombination process follows the Langevin mechanism.


Three live Atlantic whiteside dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) were found beach-stranded on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and were shipped to Mystic Marinelife Aquarium in Connecticut and held in captivity. Swab samples were collected routinely from the anus and blowhole of live animals and from internal organs at necropsy for microbial culture. Despite antibiotic therapy, one animal died on day 9 of captivity, and one died after 110 days. The survivor was released after 126 days of captivity. Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia and staphylococcal pneumonia were likely responsible for the two deaths. A total of 26 different organisms (or groups of organisms) were recovered from the three dolphins, including several (e.g., Pseudomonas spp, Streptococcus faecalis Candida albicans, Proteus-Morganella spp, Vibrio spp) that, in addition to the above organisms, could be potentially pathogenic for debilitated animals. Newly rescued marine mammals should be segregated from healthy animals if possible.


People perceive psychological characteristics (PCs), such as the personality and values of a marriage partner, as extremely important factors in partner selection. Due to its importance, considerable work has investigated the relationship between couples' PCs and their marital satisfaction, and their findings have been adopted by matchmaking services. However, these studies and services have determined the PCs using self-report questionnaires, in which the resulting measurements have limited amount of information and various biases, and thus, have limited predictive utility for marital satisfaction. Given this, we examined the predictive utility of brain and cardiac responses, which are known to correlate with PCs, providing information that are very different in nature and quality from what a questionnaire measures and present fewer biases. We collected the EEG and ECG data of 51 married couples while they watched a set of preselected movies and examined the association between their physiological measurements and marital satisfaction. Performing regression analyses, we confirmed that the brain and cardiac responses to the movies have significant predictive utility for marital satisfaction. When we used these physiological responses to one of the movies in the models, the prediction error for male and female marital satisfaction was reduced by an average of 19.0% and 10.1% in terms of RMSE, respectively, compared to baseline models that used only the questionnaire measurements of psychological characteristics.


Develops a numerical model to analyse the negative skin friction and the location of the neutral plane on a single pile embedded in clay.


The abusing behavior of corporate authority of China's colleges and universities, characterized by the institutional features of "amphibious corporation", to a certain extent results from the design defect of China's corporate system. Though it is rather difficult to draw a clear line between the public and private law, it is necessary to improve legal system of higher education, in order to insure the public nature of main stream of China's higher education. That means China should improve its law system for higher education, to regulate the legal relationship of higher education mainly upon public law; but meanwhile reserve some useful private functions of public universities and colleges, so as to play their positive role of benefiting public disbursement with market income.


CCD spectrometers have become the industry-standard tools for classifying solar simulator light spectrums, but they have drawbacks. A simpler method is to measure the amount of light present in each relevant band defined by the classification standards directly, by filtering the incident light appropriately and measuring its magnitude with a basic detector. This is much less expensive, and also has some other surprising benefits. The difficult aspect of this method is quantifying and correcting for the uncertainties introduced in the process. These will be outlined in detail in order to build confidence in the accuracy of this approach.


Dengue fever is the most important vector borne communicable disease. Outbreaks of different scales occurred every year in the past decade. Although most patients recovered gradually, some progressed to Dengue hemorrhagic fever or death. This article described the four fatal cases in Taiwan in2011, and made some recommendations on how to prevent the avoidable deaths.


The influence of the complexity of hydromount‐models on the results in full vehicle simulation is studied. In particular, a Kelvin‐Voigt model, a linear lever model and a non‐linear model are assessed with respect to their predictive capabilities as compared to the necessary parameterization and computation efforts. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This article analyzes three poems by acclaimed Sami poet Nils-Aslak Valkeapaa. The author examines poetic language to underscore its ability to evoke Sami identity and the geography and ecology found where the Sami live in Fennoscandia (the far north of Sweden, Norway, Finland, and northwestern Russia). The author also weaves together each poem's theme(s) in order to emphasize the importance of the Sami's distinct perspective toward the lands surrounding them, and the Sami's place as its first inhabitants. Throughout the article, the author connects poetic structure, form, and content, bringing together aesthetic and indigenous rights concerns, especially Sami rights to determine their own cultural practices, which involve a deep relationship with Fennoscandia's ecologically-specific co-inhabitants: for example, its reindeer, fish, and birds.


bility due to large permeability contrasts. The most accurate upscaling
technique is employing Darcy's law. A key part of the study is the establishment of porosity transforms between highresolution
and low-resolution images to arrive at a calibrated porosity map to constraint permeability estimates for the whole
core.


A novel polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) was prepared for the preconcentration and separation of heavy rare earth element (HREE) Lutetium (Lu) from dilute solution. The membrane was composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a matrix and bifunctional ionic liquid extractant [tricaprylmethylammonium][di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophosphinate] ([A336][P507]) as carrier, without any plasticizer. A weak physical effect existed between PVDF chain segment and [A336][P507], but no chemical interaction. Structure characterization and transport experiment both proved the membrane to be an asymmetric structure and LuCl3 would transport faster from surface with small pores to large pores. YbCl3 was transported much faster than LuCl3 which was different in liquid–liquid extraction. Preconcentration experiment realized a great acceleration on the transport of LuCl3. And the PIM was proved stable and durable. All these would provide a novel approach to the preconcentration and separation of Lu from dilute solution like lea...


In this paper, an all digital crystal oscillator (DCXO) is proposed. The control method, control precision, temperature compensation method and oscillation holdover performance are discussed. Computer aided designing and analyzing C3 clock of E1 are deduced.


The ACCORD trial is best known for its findings, published in 2008, on the effect of glycemic control on macrovascular endpoints. Older patients (mean


History and general properties occurrence and ore treatment extraction of lead by smelting direct production of lead refining of lead secondary lead lead alloys working, casting and fabrication of lead and its alloys lead consumption and its uses lead for corrosion protection health aspects.


The voltage variation problem at the point of common coupling (PCC) in a grid-connected wind turbine is investigated. The voltage variation problem is one of the most frequent power quality issues for the grid connection of large amounts of input power in a weak grid. Through the simplified modeling of the wind turbine and power network, the magnitude of PCC voltage variation is calculated by using the equivalent circuit parameters and output power of the wind turbine. The required amount of reactive power that can compensate the voltage variation is also presented analytically by using the vector diagram method. The proposed calculation and compensation method of the PCC voltage variation is verified by computer simulations and experiments.


M. psilosis. No clustersi were seen in any of the sections examined made from several different growths. The mnycelium was very ilarrow. M. albicanis. Many clusters preseiit. Cells round. Clusters isolated. M. zeyla noides. Many clusters preseiit. Cells rouiid. Clusters arranged around, the mycelium. M. krusei. Mauy clusters present. Cells elliptical. Clusters (lo not show branching. M. richrnondi. Many clusters present. Cells elliptical. Clusters show branching. Cluster cells very small (1 x 4 microns). M. albicans (W. & T.). Many clusters present. Cells elliptical. Clusters show braiiching. Cluster cells large.


In today's elementary education landscape for the blind, there exists little support for effectively visualizing concepts like figures, graphs, maps, terrains, shapes and the like. Moreover, pedagogy for the blind relies excessively on trained teachers. Current interfaces involve conversion of text to Braille (Tactile Feedback). Only text being translated however, is insufficient for a comprehensive learning experience. This paper describes a solution for this issue by introducing a redesigned low-cost tactile interface called the SmartSlate that will complement classroom education and serve as a partial substitute. The SmartSlate will support terrain and geographic projections, reiterative learning processes and educational games to enforce effective learning. As a proof of concept, an application that teaches coordinate geometry has been developed to work with the SmartSlate. This idea was well received at the Roman & Catherine Lobo School for the Blind, Kadri, Mangalore, India where our experiments will be conducted.


The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of Lu2O3, LuF3, and SeO2 using CsBr as a flux (750 °C, 5 d).


Overview: The "Heuristic Drift" (HD) model for the scrape off layer power flux width [1] was explicitly formulated for low-gas-puff H-Mode conditions. Experimental results in these conditions have shown good agreement with the model. In 2015, however, ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG) data showed that the scrape-off width broadens as the collisionality increases [2], which is inconsistent with the HD model as formulated. We hypothesize that this broadening is due to enhanced residence time of heat in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) at higher collisionality, due to higher classical parallel thermal resistance. This allows more time for cross-field drifts to broaden the SOL. We find reasonable agreement with more extensive recent AUG data [3] for SOL broadening at high collisionality. This broadening may play a synergistic role with turbulence in degrading global energy confinement. Parallel Confinement Time: If we assume that the electric potential, φ , is proportional to T , then both magnetic and electric cross-field drift flows are proportional to the pressure, nT . Thus it is interesting to use the parallel energy confinement time, τE‖, to represent the parallel confinement time during which cross-field drifts serve to broaden the SOL. This is in contrast to the parallel particle confinement time, τp‖, used in the derivation of the low-gas-puff model of [1]. We use Stangeby's two-point model [4] to calculate the parallel energy confinement time including collisions, allowing thereby a generalization of the HD model to finite collisionality. We assume total pressure balance along a field line, neglecting any region of momentum loss near the divertor target, and niTi ≈ neTe, so that we can write τE‖ ≈ 3nuTuL‖ q‖,u (1)


High resolution atomic force microscopy and single molecule force spectroscopy revealed the asymmetric distribution of proteins on both sides of chicken erythrocyte membranes. The cholesterol-enriched domains were directly observed by in situ atomic force microscopy, providing the first direct evidence of lipid rafts in chicken erythrocyte membranes.


Alloys near the Fe 3 Al stoichiometry were prepared far from thermodynamic equilibrium by rapid solidification methods. These highly disordered materials were then annealed at low temperatures to develop B2 and D0 3 order. Both shortrange and long-range order (SRO and LRO) were measured by Mossbauer spectrometry and by x-ray diffractometry, respectively. The SRO was found to evolve in two stages: an initial quick growth of the SRO alone, followed by a slower growth of SRO along with LRO. As expected, at lower temperatures the absolute rates of growth of order were suppressed, but more interestingly, the relative rates of growth of B2 and D0 3 long-range order parameters were different at different temperatures of annealing. When the B2 order parameter is graphed against the D0 3 order parameter, at lower temperatures the "kinetic path" through this graph shows that B2 order evolves relatively more rapidly than D0 3 order.


A method for estimating the time offsets of the transmission signals including the pilot symbols and data symbols. The method includes, in order to generate a received signal, receiving a transmission signal, to generate an estimator of the time offset, the optimization function of the received signal in a finite number of possible time offsets and a step of processing. .FIELD 1


Betulin dipropionate is a natural compound with high cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. The one-step synthesis directly from the birch bark without a separate betulin isolation stage was developed to obtain betulin dipropionate. Due to its composition, betulin dipropionate is a promising drug for treating a wide range of diseases. However, the poor water solubility of this compound has limited its applications. We prepared the composites of betulin dipropionate using two methods: ball milling of the mixtures of betulin dipropionate with synthetic and natural polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone polyethylene glycol, fumed silica, arabinogalactan, and preparation of thin films with arabinogalactan by evaporating the aqueous solutions. These composites showed higher water solubility and improved antitumor properties against ascites carcinoma cells and human lung adenocarcinoma cells compared with the initial substance. Furthermore, the cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin dipropionate against cancer cells.


Based on a multilevel data set collected from 599 individuals working in 102 self-managing teams, we examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and team member performance, focusing on the dimensions of teamwork and leadership performance. Furthermore, we explored the moderating role of team-level characteristics, such as noninformational diversity, size, and collective EI on the EI–performance relationship. As predicted, team members with higher EI were better at facilitating teamwork and playing the role of an informal leader than those with lower EI. The positive contribution of EI on team member performance was stronger for teams with greater diversity, larger sizes, and with lower average levels of team member EI. The study suggests that managers of self-managing teams should emphasize EI in their selection, training, and evaluation systems.


The National Advisory Board for the Literacy Coaching Clearinghouse have identified a number of considerations that we believed needed further discussion as schools, districts, and states embrace literacy coaching. We negotiated and discussed a number of issues surrounding coaching and agreed on 10 key ideas that should be part of the discussions educators have as they implement, revise, and operate literacy coaching initiatives. In this brief, we will focus on each of the considerations and explore the meaning behind them.


Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU), The Business School, University of Greenwich, Park Row, London SE10 9LS U.K. Email: email@example.com Website: www.psiru.org Tel: +44-(0)208-331-9933 Fax: +44 (0)208-331-8665 Director: David Hall Researchers: Robin de la Motte, Jane Lethbridge, Emanuele Lobina, Steve Thomas PSIRU's research is centred around the maintenance of an extensive database of information on the economic, political, financial, social and technical experience with privatisation and restructuring of public services worldwide, and the multinational companies involved in these processes. This core database is financed by Public Services International (PSI www.world-psi.org), the worldwide confederation of public service trade unions. Nearly all of PSIRU's research is published on its website, www.psiru.org . EUROPEAN WORKS COUNCILS AND THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR


Several controversies regarding desensitization strategies for successful ABO‐incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation still exist. This study aimed to investigate whether pretransplant anti‐A/B antibody removal is mandatory in an ABOi kidney transplant recipient with low baseline isoagglutinin titers.


In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective modulation classification method for ML-based multi-user detection. We show that the proposed method, which is a simplification of Bayesian likelihood ratio test, can be implemented by modifying the sphere decoding algorithm. As a result, the modulation classification as well as the multi-user detection can be jointly achieved with minimal classification overhead. Simulation results in multi-user detection of high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) system show that the proposed method offers considerable performance gain over conventional RAKE and MMSE algorithms.


We describe an experimental approach to the determination of the nascent internal state distribution of gas-phase products of a gas–liquid interfacial reaction. The system chosen for study is O(3P) atoms with the surface of liquid deuterated squalane, a partially branched long-chain saturated hydrocarbon, C30D62. The nascent OD products are detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Both OD (v′=0) and (v′=1) were observed in significant yield. The rotational distributions in both vibrational levels are essentially the same, and are characteristic of a Boltzmann distribution at a temperature close to that of the liquid surface. This contrasts with the distributions in the corresponding homogeneous gas-phase reactions. We propose a preliminary interpretation in terms of a dominant trapping-desorption mechanism, in which the OD molecules are retained at the surface sufficiently long to cause rotational equilibration but not complete vibrational relaxation. The significant yield of vibrationally excited OD also ...


The rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate detection of bacteria is the focus of various fields, especially food safety and public health. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), with the advantages of being fast, sensitive, and nondestructive, can be used to directly obtain molecular fingerprint information, as well as for the on‐line qualitative analysis of multicomponent samples. It has therefore become an effective technique for bacterial detection. Within this progress report, advances in the detection of bacteria using SERS and other compatible techniques are discussed in order to summarize its development in recent years. First, the enhancement principle and mechanism of SERS technology are briefly overviewed. The second part is devoted to a label‐free strategy for the detection of bacterial cells and bacterial metabolites. In this section, important considerations that must be made to improve bacterial SERS signals are discussed. Then, the label‐based SERS strategy involves the design strategy of SERS tags, the immunomagnetic separation of SERS tags, and the capture of bacteria from solution and dye‐labeled SERS primers. In the third part, several novel SERS compatible technologies and applications in clinical and food safety are introduced. In the final part, the results achieved are summarized and future perspectives are proposed.


Duty factor DF – the proportion of a stride a foot is in contact with the ground – is of fundamental mechanical importance, and is often viewed as a defining kinematic parameter distinguishing walking (DF>0.5) from running (DF<0.5). However, the mechanical and/or physiological considerations that determine duty factor are not well understood. Here, a model is proposed that focuses on the interaction between mechanical and muscle costs to account for duty factor in human gaits. It minimizes the activation costs associated with mechanical work or power demand during muscle contraction (whichever is the more demanding). Empirical observations match model predictions using initial muscle parameters over a range of speeds within gaits. However, a better match is achieved – and a better account for the walk-run transition – with tuned muscle parameters. The tuned model is validated with responses in duty factor to walking at a range of imposed, unnatural step frequencies.


In this paper, among other results, there are described (complete) simple - simultaneously ideal- and congruence-simple - endomorphism semirings of (complete) idempotent commutative monoids; it is shown that the concepts of simpleness, congruence-simpleness and ideal-simpleness for (complete) endomorphism semirings of projective semilattices (projective complete lattices) in the category of semilattices coincide iff those semilattices are finite distributive lattices; there are described congruence-simple complete hemirings and left artinian congruence-simple complete hemirings. Considering the relationship between the concepts of "Morita equivalence" and "simpleness" in the semiring setting, we have obtained the following results: The ideal-simpleness, congruence-simpleness and simpleness of semirings are Morita invariant properties; A complete description of simple semirings containing the infinite element; The representation theorem - "Double Centralizer Property" - for simple semirings; A complete description of simple semirings containing a projective minimal one-sided ideal; A characterization of ideal-simple semirings having either infinite elements or a projective minimal one-sided ideal; A confirmation of Conjecture of [Kat04a] and solving Problem 3.9 of [Kat04b] in the classes of simple semirings containing either infinite elements or projective minimal left (right) ideals, showing, respectively, that semirings of those classes are not perfect and the concepts of "mono-flatness" and "flatness" for semimodules over semirings of those classes are the same. Finally, we give a complete description of ideal-simple, artinian additively idempotent chain semirings, as well as of congruence-simple, lattice-ordered semirings.


Vegetative propagation of Acacia nilotica was studied using stem cuttings from nursery seedlings and trees during winter, summer and autumn.The cuttings were treated with indole-3-butyric acid. The concentrations 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/1 enhanced the rooting ability in young and mature cuttings during summer and winter. Rooting was not observed during autumn. Rooted cuttings can be used in the establishment of seed orchards and large-scale


In this edition of Current Opinion in Oncology, we deal with more esoteric subjects than the usual reviews of first-line strategies or therapies for relapse in the common gynecologic cancers. The topics reviewed in this issue are, however, no less important for that. The management of patients with rare tumours or less common clinical scenarios is always a challenge and we need to update ourselves regularly in this regard. Common things may happen commonly but the uncommon has a nasty habit of creeping up and catching you out.


The body of work described in this research paper evaluates the compatibility between Fenbendazole (Fen), which is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic with promising antitumor activity, and three polymeric excipients commonly applied in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The assessment of binary mixtures was performed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry to predict physical and/or chemical interactions, followed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to confirm or exclude any interactions. Thermal studies suggested the presence of interactions between Fen and P 407, PCL, and PLA. To validate these data, XRD showed that Fen is compatible with PCL and PLA, suggesting some interaction with P 407. FTIR demonstrated that PCL and PLA can establish physical interactions with Fen; moreover, it suggested that P 407 interacts not only physically but also chemically, which was later proved by HPLC to be only new intermolecular interactions. This work supports the further application of P 407, PCL, and PLA for the development of new medicinal and veterinary formulations containing Fen, since they do not affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the active ingredient and consequently its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.


Assessing properties about specific sound sources is important to characterize better the perception of urban sound environments. In order to produce perceptually motivated noise maps, we argue that it is possible to consider the data produced by acoustic sensor networks to gather information about sources of interest and predict their perceptual attributes. To validate this important assumption, this paper reports on a perceptual test on simulated sound scenes for which both perceptual and acoustic source properties are known. Results show that it is indeed feasible to predict perceptual source-specific quantities of interest from recordings, leading to the introduction of two predic-tors of perceptual judgments from acoustic data. The use of those predictors in the new task of automatic soundscape characterization is finally discussed.


Objective:To explore the effect of sequential therapy on improving Helicobacter pylori(Hp)eradication rate and reducing the recurrence.Methods:From February 2010 to December 2010,Hp positive patients were 589 in the hospital through the menstrual gastro-endoscopic pathological and rapid urease test diagnosis.In this paper,after the first time for anti-Hp treatment,102 cases were still positive.They were randomly divided into sequential therapy treatment group(50 cases)and control group(52 cases)The treatment group were treated with esomeprazole+amoxicillin+clarithromycin+tinidazole sequential therapy,in the control group with esomeprazole+levofloxacin+clarithromycin+tindazole therapy.Results:After treatment,clinical total effective rate of treatment group(92%)was significantly higher than that of control group(73%,P0.05).After treatment,the treatment group review Hp,48 were negative,2 were positive,eradication rate was 96%.The control group review Hp,36 were negative,16 cases were positive,eradication was 69.2%.Eradication rate between the two groups had significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion:The latest treatments sequential therapy is a highly effective eradication program and has broad prospects for treatment.


The increasing number of natural disasters has increased the attention on emergency plans aimed at providing fast support to affected communities. In this context, inventory pre-positioning management, which involves positioning the materials required to meet the affected community's needs early, has been increasingly acknowledged, but many challenges persist. The purpose of the paper is to provide a decision support system for the optimal quantification and location of humanitarian aid, trying to enhance and extend the existing literature on this topic.,The paper develops a numerical model for inventory pre-positioning of humanitarian aid to reduce both emergency response times and costs connected to goods procurement for seismic events. By examining the characteristics of the territory and the affected population, the model defines the optimal stock levels for four basic need items (hygienic sanitary kits, beds, blankets and camp tents) to be pre-allocated in the territory.,The model was validated using data obtained from the two severe earthquakes that occurred in Italy. The case study showed how the simulated outputs differ from the real case data and the economic benefits of adopting inventory pre-positioning considering the cost reductions (purchase, storage, transport and fulfilment of requirements).,The proposed decision support system allows the pre-positioning of emergency supplies in local areas in order to reduce response times and increase the speed of intervention in the event of seismic events, exploiting the advantages of a simulation model. Numerical and graphical results can easily support improvements in humanitarian logistics, providing those affected with rapid, cost-effective and better-adapted responses.


The chaotic model and motion phenomena of brushless thruster motor for deepwater robot are analyzed by digital simulation.For some typical motion instances,the responding characteristics have been discussed by digital simulation and the butterfly-effect and sensitivity to initial values have also been observed.Accordingly the existence of chaotic phenomenon in brushless thruster motor for deepwater robot is proved.


Geography is an academic discipline that focuses on the spatial distribution of human and physical features around the Earth and changes over time of those phenomena. Because geography bridges the boundary between the natural world and human societies, geographers often collaborate with colleagues in related disciplines in the natural and social sciences. Geographers are taught to think in spatial and chronological terms and to analyze landscapes for indications of physical and cultural features. Geographers also create maps to illustrate spatial relationships and use geographically based data sets to answer spatial questions and analyze spatial data. The field is often subdivided into physical geography, human geography, humanenvironment interaction and geographic information science (GISc). Our undergraduate majors are required to take introductory coursework in each of these subdisciplines, followed by more advanced courses in each of the main fields.


At present,the cultivating model of university students' information literacy is not sound in China,because most colleges and universities place emphasis on the cultivation of students' information knowledge and skill instead of information technology's application in their study,work and practice.This research,based on the fundamental requests by information society to college students' information literacy,tries to discover the structure of university students' information literacy.On the basis of this,it puts forward a new cultivating model,named "Three layers of structure through four years study".What's more,the students' information ability on different layers is comprehensively analyzed and summarized.


This paper considers a model of oligopolistic competition and locational choice that incorporates the notion of regional industrial systems. Firms play a non cooperative game where the strategy set of firms is given by a set of existing industrial districts. Each firm is distinguished by its "stand alone" district-dependant marginal cost. However, if other firms locate in the same district, its stand alone cost is reduced by a factor that depends on the number of firms in the district. We show that the location game yields a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies.


FOR YEARS, even centuries, the English teaching profession has gone along attempting to teach standard English without giving much thought to its reasons for doing so. For the most part we have taught it badly, failing, for example, to distinguish between questions of convention and questions of moral value. Unconventional speakers from Huckleberry Finn to the latest ghetto dropout have traditionally been treated as linguistic pariahs up with whom no standard speaker should have to put. Thus the average English teacher continues to regard the language advocated in prescriptive grammars and employed in the dullest and most verbose of textbooks as, simply, "good English" and the language of any nonstandard speaker, no matter how imaginative, pungent, or apt, as simply, "bad English." This approach to dialect is obviously absurd and the sooner the profession discards it the better. There are, however, good reasons for teaching the standard dialect. The goal of such teaching has been, roughly speaking, to turn our students into fluent users of standard English, which is just rough enough to have allowed for all kinds of crazy interpretations by teachers who did (and do) not know much about language. And yet if properly defined this goal is a good one: it should not be abandoned merely because so many En-


This paper investigated the control strategies for the active suppression of rotor/stator rubbing. First,the synchronous full annular rubbing solutions of a rotor/stator model,which took into account the dynamics of the rotor,the stator and the contact stiffness,were solved analytically. The stability of the solutions was then analyzed. Secondly,the stability characteristics of the model with cross-coupling damping or stiffness were studied,and their relations with the rubbing friction were revealed. Based on the results,two control methods by using the effects of the cross-coupling for the active suppression of rotor rubbing were proposed. The numerical simulations show the feasibility of the proposed control methods.


Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree leaves (NL) represents a potential alternative to costly conventional materials for recovery of trace metals from seawater. Metal uptake increased in the following order: hard metals (44Ca, 24 Mg, and 88Sr) < borderline metals (55 Mn, 59Co, 61Ni, 63Cu, and 66Zn), and soft metals (208Pb and 111Cd) based on covalent bond formation with biological ligands. Improved removal of major ions was achieved using NL instead of the monofunctional (−N(CH2COOH)2) NOBIAS–Chelate–PA1 resin. However, major ion (1.5–500.8 mg/kg) and heavy metal concentrations were much higher (1.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 105 μg/kg) in fresh NL compared to the metal concentrations (0.02–98.2 ng/kg) in seawater. Therefore, before use, the freeze-dried NL was subjected to a rigorous acid cleaning process using HCl, HNO3, and buffer (NH4COOCH3) to remove heavy metals and major ions. Trace metal recovery levels ascertained using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in the range of 91–115%, with 99.999...


Oscillating saws are commonly used for bone preparation in total knee arthroplasty but can cause damage to posterior neurovascular structures during tibial resection. Tip oscillating saw blades are a recent innovation that could improve saw control. To compare traditional hub and new tip oscillating saws, 16 participants of varying levels of experience were video recorded during composite tibial bone model resections to measure posterior saw blade plunge. Subjective perceptions of saw control and preference were also surveyed. Saw blade design and level of surgical experience did not produce a significant difference in posterior saw blade plunge (p>0.05). Independent of saw blade design, subjects with no previous saw experience had significantly decreased posterior tibial plunge over subsequent resections. Tip oscillating saw blades were perceived to be easier to use and control by less experienced participants (p,0.001, p=0.0163). Tip oscillating saw blades do not alter the risk of posterior tibial saw plunge compared to traditional saw blades.


For both modeling and management of a reservoir, pathways to and through the seal into the overburden are of vital importance. Therefore, we suggest applying the presented structural modeling work fl ow that analyzes internal strain, elongation, and paleo-geomorphology of the given volume. It is assumed that the magnitude of strain is a proxy for the intensity of subseismic scale fracturing. Zones of high strain may correlate with potential migration pathways. Because of the enhanced need for securing near-surface layer integrity when CO 2 storage is needed, an interpretation of three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data from the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies Otway site, Australia, was undertaken. The complete 3-D model was retrodeformed. Compaction-plus deformation-related strain was calculated for the whole volume. The strain distribution after 3-D restoration showed a tripartition of the study area, with the most deformation (30% – 50%) in the southwest. Of 24 faults, 4 compartmentalize different zones of deformation. The paleo-morphology of the seal formation is determined to tilt northward, presumably because of a much larger normal fault to the north. From horizontal extension analysis, it is evident that most deformation occurred before 66 Ma and stopped abruptly because of the production of oceanic crust in the Southern Ocean. Within


This paper investigates Romania's auto-image as described by Dan Puric in his book Suflet Românesc (Romanian Soul). By employing imagology, this article first shows how Romanian national identity is constructed in opposition to Western culture and modernity. And by drawing on imagology and Hayden White's approach to historiography, I provide a discursive analysis of the Romanian auto-image provided in the text. I show that Puric's writing of Romanian national identity is a Romantic one rendered in the anarchist mode. The author alleges that Romanians are born with a "Romanian soul," which guarantees their adherence to a Christian Orthodox worldview, one to which Western culture and modernity are inimical. The dominant metaphor used to represent Romanianness is the folktale, whose main traits—being set in illo tempore, a focus on a stark moral antithesis between good and evil where the former prevails, and favouring intuition over reason—are allegedly shared by "pure" Romanians. After revealing the pillars of Romanianness in Puric's view, I trace the intellectual and cultural continuities between his Romanian auto-image and Romania's far-right views on nation and nationhood, as well as the national communist view on Romanianness. As far as the former is concerned, I highlight the structural similarities between Puric's nationalism and anti-Semitic discourse. With respect to the latter, I draw attention to Puric's reliance on two of the several national communist myths identified by Romanian historian Lucian Boia: the myth of continuity and the myth of conspiracy. Puric's book dovetails with national communist discourse by postulating the alleged continuity between the peoples and cultures that have existed in Romania's current geographic location across the centuries and retains its communist fears of foreign conspiracy.


This paper consists of (1) the opening remarks made on the occasion of the dedication of the new building for the Institute of Meteoritics of the University of New Mexico; (2) the answers received from a number of leading American meteoriticists to three questions pertaining to the subject of the address and propounded in the introduction; (3) a list of some fifty meteoritical problems currently awaiting solution or requiring further research; and (4) the closing statement.


In this paper, we study a green product dual-channel supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. The service free-riding is considered, and the channel price difference is also introduced as a strategic tool to adjust the channel conflict. In centralized and decentralized models, we give the optimal decisions of the supply chain members and analyse the effects of the service free-riding and the price difference on the related decisions. In order to coordinate the dual-channel green supply chain, we also design a two-part tariff contract coordination model, which allows both the manufacturer and the retailer to obtain a win–win result. From the analytical and numerical results, we find that the proper service free-riding degree and price difference are beneficial to the decision makers and the greening of supply chain. And in the centralized model, when the degree of service free-riding is small, the increase of the channel price difference can stimulate the manufacturer to provide the lower price product with lower service and green degree, otherwise, it is the opposite. Besides, the result also shows that, except for consumers, the centralized model always performs better than the decentralized model in the profit and social welfare aspects.


Internal mirrors are used widely for plasma diagnostics in fusion devices. Therefore, keeping them in good optical condition is essential. The results of this experiment show that coating stainless steel 316l (S.S.316l) mirrors with diamond-like carbon (DLC) reduces the erosion rate and contamination of plasma by evaporation and sputtering and also increases the optical lifetime of these mirrors. For this purpose, firstly two similar S.S.316l samples were chosen. One of these samples was coated with DLC by a Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition device, while the other was kept intact as a reference for investigating the effect of DLC coating. Then, in order to study the coating effects, these samples were exposed to 200 shots of the hydrogen plasma, with a total duration of 7 s in tokamak. Before and after the exposure, samples were analyzed by the atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Spectrophotometer. It was found that the uncoated sample was damaged severely and its reflection dropped significantly, and the sample showed some cracks and some melting lines, while no significant change was observed on the surface characteristic of coated sample. Moreover, the weight loss of the uncoated was more in comparison to the coated, sample. Therefore, the results of this experiment showed that coating of S.S.316l by DLC is a useful method to strengthen this material against plasma erosion, and with further optimization, it could possibly be used in preparing plasma diagnostics mirrors.


During recent years' geologic study in Western Liaoning,the authors found broadly outcropping quenching pillow lavas formed in lake basin environment for the first time.The quenching fragment lavas are distributed in the upper part of Sihetun layer,the middle of Zhuanchengzi layer and the upper of Dakangpu layer of Yixian formation.They commonly occur associating with the sediment interbeds of different levels in the Yixian formation,thus their emplacing ages would represent those of the corresponding sediment interbeds.The discovery of the quenching pillow lava is significant in the study of evolution and volcanic-sedimentary activities of Yixian-Fuxin basin and Jinyang basin.


We use the European Central Bank ' s new database of European equity holdings by households to investigate the international structure of portfolios, including both investments via funds and direct holdings of individual equities. Home bias is smaller than usually believed. For the direct portfolios, the Cremers and Petajisto (2009) ActiveShare measure comes with larger investments in the destination country and better returns, while the fraction of the country sub - portfolio invested via funds has no effect on either returns or the size of the overall. This fits the hypothesis of informational advantages rather than a (behavioral) familiarity bias.


Industries are experiencing a new paradigm shift driven by advanced digitalization, automation, smart technologies, and the internet of things. Lean construction (LC) advocates have been promoting the adoption of existing and emerging technologies through Lean construction 4.0 (LC 4.0). This paper presents an opportunity for the adoption of smart digital technologies in the construction industry in the form of "LeanBuild project management software". This paper aims to evaluate the usability of the LeanBuild software after the design stage of development. This paper evaluated the ease of use and effectiveness, and assessed the comprehensiveness of the software design flow. Focus groups, questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted with industry practitioners, academics, and software/IT professionals. The results suggest that the incorporation of data privacy and security, modules for designing and tracking modular and off-site construction, tools for calculating carbon footprints and sustainability, and artificial intelligence, will improve its usability and provide more value to end-users. The paper concludes that while the LeanBuild software has some limitations in terms of scope and functions, it is generally easy to use and effective for its intended users. The study provides insights for software developers to design more user-friendly project management software.


In this study, we transformed the real front view of facial images by cardioidal strain change. Subjects then made relative and actual age estimations of the facial images. The results were as follows. First, the transformed facial images were successfully judged in terms of the degree of transformation (cardioidal strain degree). Second, from the subjects' estimation of actual age, the effect of the transformation degree differed between female and male facial images. The effect was weaker for the male facial images than for the female. Additionally, for the male facial images the effect of the transformation differed according to face type; there was a significant effect for childlike faces. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(5): 39–48, 1999


The optical absorption coefficient α of doped and undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) has been measured for photon energies from 2.2 to 1.0 eV using photo‐pyroelectric spectroscopy (PPES). A simplified experimental setup and analysis for extracting α from the PPES data are described. In PPES the temperature rise induced in the a‐Si:H thin film due to weakly absorbed light is detected via a pyroelectric polymer in thermal contact with the sample. This technique presently has a sensitivity of αd≳10−3, where d is the sample thickness.


network from base to midwall (A D). The conducting network originates behind the noncoronary leaflet at the base (A) and quickly bifurcates (B) into fibers that proceed down the right ventricular subendocardium (shown in blue) and a branch that continues along the septum for a short distance before continuing down the left ventricular subendocardium (C, D) in a fan-like structure (shown in purple). The fan-like structure terminates in free-running Purkinje fibers in the left ventricle. Data from conducting fibers that are more apical has been omitted for clarity. A


Researches on larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine benthos has important theoretical and practical value.The researchers of marine biology in Department of Oceanography of Xiamen University actively engaged in studies on larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine benthos as early as in 1990s and during the past decade,obtained plentiful and substantial achievements in this field,which potentially promoted the development of researches on larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine benthos in China.The species of marine benthos we have studied conclude Perna viridis,Saccostrea cucullata,Haliotis discus discus,Haliotis diversicolor,Chlamys nobilis,Babylonia formosae,B.areolata,Styela canopus and Balanus albicostatas.We investigated on changes of larval behavior and morphology during its settlement and metamorphosis,the factors influencing larval settlement and metamorphosis,the mechanisms and applications.


Wool suffers a loss in weight of up to 50% in 24 hr. on treatment at 50-60° C. with a salt-free aqueous solution of a particular thiol containing sufficient selected acid to bring the pH value to approximately 2. The extent of extraction depends on a number of factors such as temperature, time, pH. and the nature or concentration of thiol, acid, and any salt or other reagent which may be present. The dispersed keratin appears to undergo no appreciable chemical degradation apart from reductive fission of the disulfide bonds of the cystine residues. Apart from a small amount of residue consisting of cell membranes. wool is com pletely solubilized by treatment with concentrated aqueous thioglycollic acid at 60° C. in the absence of salts.


This article aims to study the semantic associations attributed to the branding of Novo Banco from data collected during the research for a masters thesis addressing the effectiveness of the visual identity of this new banking institution. In this research we used concepts from various fields, including semantics, which played a decisive role in the analysis of results. To this end, this article highlights the contribution of semantics, especially exploring the concept of associated meaning. The Novo Banco arose from the application of resolution measures to the Banco Espirito Santo, following the crisis in this Bank; a process fostering strong emotional charge in the turbulent economic context in which these events took place. Some of the consequences of this process are yet unresolved. In order to better understand this emotional component, the semantic associations attributed to the brand were studied as constituents of associated meaning. In this way we were able to glean the attitudes and feelings the respondents have towards the Novo Banco brand.


The total exergy and exergy efficiencies have been calculated based on the energy utilization of Chinas railway transport from 2006 to 2010. The preliminary results indicate that: (1) the major fuels for China railway transport are diesel, coal and electricity; (2) The total exergy consumption is calculated as 491.59 PJ in 2006 and 480.19 PJ in 2010, which is approximately in accordance with Chinas economic growth rate. (3) With railway electrification and green technology being emerged in the transport system, the energy structure is considered upgrading gradually, e.g. more environment-friendly energy is used to be the alternative fuels. (4) The weighted mean of exergy efficiencies range from 26.41% to 26.62%, which are less than the conventional efficiency 28%, due to the irreversibility of exergy loss. In addition, both time and structural variation of the total exergy consumption and efficiency provides an insight to China's socio-economy, but also helps improve the national energy policies.


In this article a dual-core fiber optic sensor based on mach-zehnder interferometer for measurement refractive index changing is simulated. In this structure one of the cores is doped with germanium and the other with phosphorus. They operate as interferometer arms. Since the length of both arms are equal, interference pattern is formed by the refractive index difference of cores. One of the cores is considered as reference arm and the evanescent field of the other core interacts with surrounding environment. The interference pattern shifts with changing the refractive index of the surrounding environment. The sensor sensitivity is greatly dependent on evanescent field penetration into the external medium which can be increased by chemical etching or side polishing of fiber cladding. Simulation results show that the maximum achieved sensitivity is 643.85 nm/RIU which could be used for fiber optic biosensors.


Purpose: To determine the current technological clinical practise of radiation therapy of the breast in Europe. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted between August 2008 and January 2009 on behalf of the Breast Working Party within the EORTC Radiation Oncology Group. The questionnaire comprised 32 questions on 4 main topics: fractionation schedules, treatment planning methods, volume definitions and position verification procedures. Results: Sixty-eight institutions out of 16 countries responded (a response rate of 47%). The standard fraction dose was generally 2 Gy for both whole breast and lumpectomy cavity (boost) treatment, although a 2.67 Gy boost fraction dose is routinely given in the United Kingdom. A simultaneously integrated boost fractionation is implemented in 23% of the institutions and is the standard choice of fractionation in a third of these institutions. The main boost modality was electrons in 55%, photons in 47% and brachytherapy in 3% of the institutions (equal use of photon and electron irradiation in 5% of the institutions). All institutions used computed tomography guided treatment planning. Wide variations are seen in the definition of the breast and boost target volumes, with margins around the lumpectomy cavity ranging from 0-30 mm. Inverse planned intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is available in 27% and breath-hold techniques in 19% of the institutions. The number of patients treated with IMRT and breath-hold varied per institution. Electronic portal imaging for patient set-up is used by 92% of the institutions. Conclusion: This survey has established precise details of radiotherapy techniques currently implemented for breast irradiation in Europe.


Aim: Acquired resistance to the targeted agent cetuximab poses a significant challenge in finding effective anti-cancer treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To accurately study novel combination treatments, suitable preclinical mouse models for cetuximab resistance are key yet currently limited. This study aimed to optimize an acquired cetuximab-resistant mouse model, with preservation of the innate immunity, ensuring intact antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) functionality.
 Methods: Cetuximab-sensitive and acquired-resistant HNSCC cell lines, generated in vitro , were subcutaneously engrafted in Rag2 knock-out (KO), BALB/c Nude and CB17 Scid mice with/without Matrigel or Geltrex. Once tumor growth was established, mice were intraperitoneally injected twice a week with cetuximab for a maximum of 3 weeks. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the tumor and its microenvironment.
 Results: Despite several adjustments in cell number, cell lines and the addition of Matrigel, Rag2 KO and BALB/C Nude mice proved to be unsuitable for xenografting our HNSCC cell lines. Durable tumor growth of resistant SC263-R cells could be induced in CB17 Scid mice. However, these cells had lost their resistance phenotype in vivo . Immunohistochemistry revealed a high infiltration of macrophages in cetuximab-treated SC263-R tumors. FaDu-S and FaDu-R cells successfully engrafted into CB17 Scid mice and maintained their sensitivity/resistance to cetuximab.
 Conclusion: We have established in vivo HNSCC mouse models with intact ADCC functionality for cetuximab resistance and sensitivity using the FaDu-R and FaDu-S cell lines, respectively. These models serve as valuable tools for investigating cetuximab resistance mechanisms and exploring novel drug combination strategies.


Treatment failure and late HIV diagnosis are leading to an "unacceptably high" number of people across sub-Saharan Africa dying of AIDS related diseases, a leading medical charity has said.

A new report from Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) found that hospitals run and supported by the organisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Kenya, and Malawi were seeing a 30-40% mortality rate among patients with HIV. 1 Almost one third of those deaths occurred within 48 hours of patients being admitted to hospital, and 78% of these patients had been taking antiretroviral drugs for an average of six years, …


The recent expansion of the field of RNA chemical modifications has changed our understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Apart from internal nucleobase modifications, 7-methylguanosine was long thought to be the only eukaryotic RNA cap. However, the discovery of non-canonical RNA caps in eukaryotes revealed a new niche of previously undetected RNA chemical modifications. We are the first to report the existence of a new non-canonical RNA cap - diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) - in human and rat cell lines. Ap4A is the most abundant dinucleoside polyphosphate in eukaryotic cells and can be incorporated into RNA by RNA polymerases as a non-canonical initiating nucleotide (NCIN). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we show that the amount of capped Ap4A-RNA is independent of the cellular concentration of Ap4A. A decapping enzyme screen identifies two enzymes cleaving Ap4A-RNA - NUDT2 and DXO, both of which also cleave other substrate RNAs in vitro. We further assess the translatability and immunogenicity of Ap4A-RNA and show that although it is not translated, Ap4A-RNA is recognized as self by the cell and does not elicit an immune response, making it a natural component of the transcriptome. Our findings open a previously unexplored area of eukaryotic RNA regulation.


In distributed wireless storage systems, failed recovery probability depends on not only wireless channel conditions but also storage size of each distributed storage node. For efficient utilization of limited storage capacity, we asymptotically analyze the failed recovery probability of a distributed wireless storage system with a sum storage capacity constraint when signal-to-noise ratio goes to infinity, and find the optimal storage allocation strategy across distributed storage nodes in terms of the asymptotic failed recovery probability. It is also shown that when the number of storage nodes is sufficiently large the storage size required at each node is not so large for high exponential order of the failed recovery probability.


culture, and nationalism, Rampton identifies differences in the approaches of representatives of the liberal philosophical tradition to the constitutional experiment in revolutionary Russia and thus explores in more detail the variations of liberalism(s) among prominent Russian intellectuals. Chapters 5 and 6 complete the contradictory picture of late imperial liberalism(s) with four key liberal thinkers, namely Bogdan Kistiakovskii, Pavel Novgorodtsev, Maksim Kovalevskii, and Pavel Miliukov. Reconstructing the intellectual biographies of the four thinkers, who drew on different Western philosophical ideas, Rampton once again emphasizes the importance of transnational experiences for late imperial liberalism as well as the highly conflicting and competing nature of liberalism(s), which ultimately prevented the movement from taking a significant place during Russia's post-imperial transformations. Thus, Rampton concludes that in the context of fin-de-siècle Russia, one cannot speak about only one liberalism. Since liberalism is "a persistent compromise between sometimes competing claims" (185), scholars should study numerous liberalisms that reflect how Russian thinkers perceived and comprehended various aspects of positive and negative freedoms. Liberal Ideas in Tsarist Russia draws a complex picture of the failure of the liberal movement in imperial Russia. Even though many prominent thinkers were involved in this movement, it failed to find broad social support during the revolutionary period. The main reasons for this failure were disagreements and contradictions among liberal intellectuals, fragile and shortlived alliances between them, and repressive measures against liberal actors that forced them to flee the country. Despite the similarity and even universality of the reasons for the failure of liberal movements in preand post-Soviet Russia, as Rampton shows, this is not evidence of a deterministic rejection of liberalism in Russia. On the contrary, the experiences of various liberal movements continue to offer a glossary and tools for adapting ideas of freedom and liberal practices even to seemingly hopeless political contexts.


This time last week, I was at the Royal Veterinary College running a workshop on evidence based medicine. I came with some credibility, since whoever prepared the chairman's brief had gleaned a story from this column of how I had once managed an obstetric emergency in a ewe.

There's a bit of a crisis on. Most jobbing vets, I am told, make decisions on the basis of what worked on the last animal. Their journals …


Gabor[2]has indicated an invariant definition of the wave front set of a distribution. His definition in a slightly modified form is as follows. Let x be a manifold, (称誉o)∈T*X\O and gEJバ(X)。Then we say that(zo,ξo)is in the complement of the wave front set WFCu) of u, if and only if there exists a conic open neighborhood 7 ̅7⊂T*X\Oof (称誉o)such that for every compact set F of realvalued functions / C°°(:X)andevery yEC(尹(X)with(恥df(妁)∈r for 2;Esuppy, we have for every integer ル⊇≧0,when r→oo。