Silicon sensors with high timing resolution can help particle identification in the International Linear Collider (ILC). We are studying Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) as a sensor with high timing resolution. As a step to develop LGADs we are now characterizing Avalanche Photo Diodes (APDs), which have similar multiplication structure as LGADs. Particles from radioisotopes are used for studies in this paper.


This paper presents the fabrication of high-performance micro-magnets for the electromagnetic transduction of MEMS. The fabrication method relies on the use of nickel microstructures electroplated onto silicon substrates to control the capillary assembly of cobalt nanorods via magnetophoresis under an external magnetic field. The resulting sub-millimeter size permanent magnets with thicknesses of up to $150\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ produce a stray field of 30 mT at a distance of $100\ \mu \mathrm{m}$. We demonstrate that this magnetic induction is sufficient to actuate a silicon microcantilever by means of the Lorentz force and that the MEMS resonance frequency can adequately be measured using integrated piezoresistances. This novel room-temperature synthesis approach is foreseen to facilitate the integration of high-performance magnets into MEMS.


Millimeter wave (mmW) technologies are currently being proposed as backhaul for outdoor urban small cells. However, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) operation must be addressed before solutions can be fully realised. This letter proposes a reinforcement learning algorithm for improving the reliability of an mmW NLOS small cell backhaul system based on propagation by diffraction. Simulation results show that the algorithm achieves the desired data rate and can detect malfunctioning on a path within a predetermined time, and make a decision to switch to an alternative path, adjust transmission power, or change the operating mode in order to improve system performance.


The structural distortions at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (001) interfaces doped with Ir or Co have been studied by hard X-ray photoelectron diffraction (HXPD). In this work, HXPD at a photon energy of 7940 eV w...


The Trade Union of Xuanhua Iron and Steel Group Company pays attention to the workers' safety and health and strengthen to supervise labor protection in order to improve their company's production safety and safeguard workers' life safety and health.


The paper introduced the conception of the Waterway Service Level according to the Road Service Level to analyze waterway traffic load conditions.The Waterway Service Leve is a measure of service quality evaluation of comprehensive service and object feeling provided by the waterway subject to a service object and it can be classified into four levels according to vessel traffic flow density,vessel traffic flow speed,a one-way vessel service traffic volume,the traffic load ratio (V/C) and so on.After study,we found it's urgent to improve the waterway capacity and service level of Xijiang Waterway in Zhaoqing area,and the through capacity of the waterway has more room to improve,so we put forward some suggestions for waterway construction and sailing management.


Huanghe River,Luohe River and their tributaries link up Henan and Central Shaanxi to make this area become axis zone of traditional Chinese politics.In exploring historical background of the occurrence of "Rebellion of Eight Princes" during Western Jin Dynasty,we should take contradiction and conflict of various political power into account and should also attach importance to the geographical state,traffic condition,military situation and distribution of peripheral ethnic groups of the place where two Capitals are situated.In reality,the occurrence of "Rebellion of Eight Princes"closely related to the fact that this zone was always the focus of palace tussle and frequently occurring area of battle and war.


To observe the clinical effects of contrary therapy for gingivitis , 400 subjects were randomized into two groups: treatment group in which 200 cases were treated by Chinese medicine and control group in which 200 cases were treated by metronidazole. Results: The total effective rate was 97. 50% in treatment group and 95. 55% in control group, with no difference between the two rates ( P 0. 05 ). It is showed that contrary treatment is quite effective for gingivitis, without any side effects.


An application scheme of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Freeway Management System (FMS) is proposed. The main contents of the system and the dynamic segmental technology adopted in the FMS were introduced. This FMS realized the integration management of spatial data and attribute data, offered explicit and efficient proofs for assistant decision-making by combining the characteristic and predominance of GIS with original FMS function. It fully utilizes the advantage of computer and GIS technology to modernize the management of freeway.


This paper charts the shifts in Polish nationality policy in the period since 1944. The first part focuses on the ways the PPR (Polish Workers' Party) and later the PZPR (Polish United Workers' Party) pursued national homogeneity through population transfer, programmes of 'Polonisation' and assimilation, in the broader context of post-war and Cold War geopolitics, as well as recurring legitimacy crises. The second part of the paper discusses the limits to postsocialist 'multicultural' policy and practice by calling attention to the new logics of cultural homogenisation dominant under contemporary neo-liberalism. The paper discusses the relationship between changing values and the management of social anger in order to explain the contemporary cartographies of privileged / marginalised cultural communities and practices. Through an exploration of the logics of cultural homogenisation, the paper highlights: a. the particularities of the Polish case, b. the specificity of postsocialism and c. the manner in which the Polish experience relates to, and parallels, processes of cultural homogenisation elsewhere.


The work of nanoindentation approach is developed and applied for measure of residual stress relaxation during indenter penetrates in thin films. The residual stress at given penetration depth is measured from the different integral area which under load-depth curve of different stress state. This method can measure residual stress relaxation without the need for estimating yield strength, strain hardening index and hardness.


Herein, dynamic and postdynamic recrystallization behaviors of GWZ magnesium are investigated. Toward this end, the single‐hit and double‐hit hot compression tests are conducted under strain rate of 0.001 s−1 at 400 °C. The prestrains of 0.1 and 0.5 are considered to investigate the effect of interpass time (5–300 s) on the compressive strength level. At the low strain level of 0.1, the contribution of Hall–Petch effect is considerable due to the occurrence of static recrystallization. In addition, the rare earth texture component is eliminated during interpass annealing. This causes increasing the strength of the material during second pass of hot compression. In contrast, at higher imposed strain, the strength level decreases with increasing the interpass time of annealing. The high amount of strain is completely consumed and the remaining stored energy is not high enough to trigger the occurrence of static recrystallization. The occurrence of metadynamic recrystallization and subsequent growth are characterized. In addition, the texture does not change in respect of the intensity or numbers/types of components. Accordingly, the observed decreasing trend of the strength is justified relying on the occurrence grain growth.


The theory of moral development from Kohlberg has become a prominent theory and has been widely used to explain individual moral development, as well as a reference in designing the process of moral education. As a theory, Kohlberg's moral development possesses some strengths as well as weaknesses. Kohlberg divides human moral development into three levels and six phases. Level I is pre-conventional level, consisting of phase 1: Obedience and punishment- anxiety orientation, and phase 2: Egotistical naive/instrumental hedonism orientation. Level II is conventional level, consisting of phase 3: Good child orientation, and phase 4: Morality of maintaining authority and social regulations. Level III is post-conventional level, consisting of phase 5: Morality of social contract and individual rights, and phase 6: Morality of individual principles and conscience.Kohlberg's theory constitutes a classical theory of cognitive development, giving an emphasis on integrated characteristic. One strength of Kohlberg's moral development theory is on the phases of development themselves which make it easier for people to understand moral development. Besides that, this theory shows more on the cross cultural universality compared to other moral development theories. Meanwhile, some notes on the weaknesses of Kohlberg's theory are: 1) methodologically, the scoring procedure used in this theory is esoteric, subjective, and unstable, thus the results is rather unacceptable for some experts; 2) it is difficult to prove that there is consistent correlations between Kohlberg's moral development and one's moral attitudes. The theory proposed by Kohlberg cannot explain about moral excellence because its emphasis is on moral rationality and it tends to ignore character and moral features; 3) although it is considered more universal, the definitions of phases and assumptions on which the theory lays are cultural bias and ethnocentric; 4) the moral reasoning phase of Kohlberg cannot be applied equally between men and women; and 5) Kohlberg's choice towards one philosophical tradition brings about negative impacts, i.e.: (a) a rigid emphasis on law and fairness; (b) a moral concept which is limited to cognitive aspects, yet pays no attention to feelings, attitude and character, and (c) a failure in using phenomenological perspective from subjective morality experience. Key words : moral development, Kohlberg's theory


Stem cell cytogenetic abnormalities constitute a roadblock to regenerative therapies. We investigated the possibility that reactive oxygen species (ROSs) influence genomic stability in cardiac and embryonic stem cells. Karyotypic abnormalities in primary human cardiac stem cells were suppressed by culture in physiological (5%) oxygen, but addition of antioxidants to the medium unexpectedly increased aneuploidy. Intracellular ROS levels were moderately decreased in physiological oxygen, but dramatically decreased by the addition of high‐dose antioxidants. Quantification of DNA damage in cardiac stem cells and in human embryonic stem cells revealed a biphasic dose‐dependence: antioxidants suppressed DNA damage at low concentrations, but potentiated such damage at higher concentrations. High‐dose antioxidants decreased cellular levels of ATM (ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated) and other DNA repair enzymes, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the observed effects. These results indicate that physiological levels of intracellular ROS are required to activate the DNA repair pathway for maintaining genomic stability in stem cells. The concept of an "oxidative optimum" for genomic stability has broad implications for stem cell biology and carcinogenesis. STEM CELLS 2010;28:1178–1185


In a central passage in L'individu et sa genèse de physico-biologique Gilbert Simondon uses "theater" as a metaphor to describe the process of individuation: Individuals are "theaters of individuation."1 This metaphor is telling with regard to his understanding of agency in general and his conception of the human in particular. A theater entails more than the performance on stage and the crowd that fills the auditorium. It is a conglomerate of complex operations that entail the play, the architectural construction of the theater, stage machinery and its interaction with actors, props, etc. Many of these processes and operations remain hidden from the eye of the beholder, but are essential to the success of a show: A lighting


Three coumarin reagents carrying crown-ether moieties as catalytic sites for the fluorescence derivatization of carboxylic acids were designed and synthesized. The catalytic abilities of these reagents were evaluated based on the stability constants (Ks) for complexation with metal acetates in methanol. The derivatization reactions of carboxylic acids with these reagents proceeded self-catalytically without crown-ether catalysts, and gave the corresponding coumarin esters in good yields. It was found that their reactivities significantly depended upon the metal-binding ability of the reagent molecules from kinetic treatments of the reactions. The derivatized products showed remarkably high fluorescence quantum yields of above 0.8 in methanol. These results suggested that the functionalization of reagents was a quite useful approach for the development of new-type analytical reagents.


We are witnessing the rapid growth of cloud computing with the proliferation of tenants adopting cloud for elasticity, availability, and flexibility for a plethora of applications. To efficiently cater for different tenant requirements, cloud providers have steadily evolved to offer a myriad of resource and service types which inherently complicates the cloud adoption process. On the other hand, the perpetuating growth of cloud tenants in turn impel providers to expand datacenters to cope with the tenant demand. The objective of this proposal is to maximize the performance and minimize the cost for both tenants and cloud providers, by providing efficient means of managing resource allocations for their applications. Towards this, the proposal comprises of three intertwined tasks. First, we start from a tenant perspective, with the first two tasks aimed at investigating the primary reasons for performance-cost inefficiency. Second, from a provider perspective, the third task investigates the primary reasons for performance-energy inefficiency in datacenters. All the three tasks can collectively improve the performance and cost efficiency of emerging applications in next generation cloud platforms.


880 Background: African-American (AA) women with breast cancer have increased risk of death compared with white women. Biologic differences may contribute to outcome disparities for AA women. Our prior study demonstrates that AA women treated with preoperative (preop) chemotherapy have reduced pathologic complete response (pCR) rates compared to non-AAs.

METHODS
To further evaluate differences in tumor biology as a cause for this disparity, we examined tumor histology and markers on samples from women who received preoperative therapy, at the MBCCOP, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, in Chicago.

RESULTS
There were 21 AA (0% pCR) and 21 non-AA (19% pCR) women included. The number of women with grade 1, 2 or 3 tumors respectively was 2, 2 & 17 for AAs, and 0, 8 & 13 for non-AAs. Hormone receptor (HR) status was negative for 15 AAs and 11 non-AAs. HER2 overexpression was seen in 6 AAs and 7 non-AAs. Extra-capsular lymph node tumor extension was seen in 5 AAs and 7 non-AAs. Although AAs were more likely to have grade 3 tumors which were HR negative, these differences were not significant. Immunohistochemistry on paired samples for AAs from pre and post chemotherapy specimens, demonstrated mild decreases in HR and estrogen receptor beta immunostaining, and no change in epidermal growth factor receptor or p27 immunoreactivity. However, p53 immunoreactivity with both Pab1801 and D07 antibodies was increased in the post chemotherapy specimens.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher tumor grade and HR negative status seen in AAs in our study, are more commonly associated with favorable response to preop therapy. However, pCR did not occur in these women. Mutant p53 may be associated with an unfavorable response to preop therapy, and the demonstrated increase in p53 overexpression in AAs in this study may be responsible for the observed lack of pCR. [Table: see text].


A theoretical analysis has been carried out to investigate the influence of unsteadiness on the laminar two-phase magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow filled with porous medium under the combined effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Thermal variable conductivity, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects are also considered in this numerical study. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations through suitable similarity transformations. The resultant ordinary differential equations are then numerically solved using the spectral quasilinearization method. The effects of the pertinent physical parameters over the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for both Blasius and Sakiadis flows are presented in graphical and tabular forms and discussed. It is found that the two types of flows behave differently when the physical parameters are varied.


The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the counseling guidance function (social) for School Drop Outs, in the Naileu Village. Using qualitative research methods, the research informants were Guidance and Counseling Teachers and 3 school dropouts, with guidelines for observation, interviews, home visits, and documentation. The validity of the data is tested by triangulation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Thus, it was found that (1) children drop out of school due to lack of harmony in the household, the desire of children to be able to help parents to meet household needs, feelings of shame arising from the age of children over the age of their friends, and feeling lazy because of the distance between homes and schools that are far away and have a minimum public transportation. (2) In addition, in carrying out their duties, counseling guidance teachers are tasked with finding out the factors that cause children to drop out of school through home visit activities. After that the guidance teacher does guidance, guides parents and students to change the wrong mindset by providing motivation that education is important for the child's future.


Abstract This article addresses smallholder oil palm farming in Indonesia and the risk of falling into poverty by comparing contract and non-contract smallholders. We use an asset-based approach to define vulnerability and apply propensity score matching analysis to assess the impact of contract farming. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 of 245 oil palm smallholder households, 126 of which were contract smallholders. The study finds that approximately 40 per cent of oil palm smallholders can be classified as stochastic-transient poor. We also show that while contract participation reduces the negative impact of oil palm price shocks, this is not the case for production shocks. The study concludes that despite positive income effects, contract smallholders also remain vulnerable to poverty.


A food waste recycling system is provided to reduce load of sewage by separating solid and liquid from food waste and draining only separated liquid to sewage, sterilize and eliminate bacteria and odor of food waste using a photocatalyst(TiO2) and ultraviolet rays, and recycle food waste as a raw material for feeder and compost by drying dewatered cake with dehumidified air at a room temperature. A food waste recycling machine includes: a body(20) including a hopper(22); a crushing unit(40) including irregular rollers(42); a solid-liquid separation unit including a dewatering mesh(60) mounted on the body, a screw(52) inserted into an inner part of the dewatering mesh, and a cap(70) mounted on a front end of the dewatering mesh; and a power transmission unit(90) for transmitting power to the irregular rollers and the screw, wherein compression force of the screw removes water contained in crushed food waste by forming the screw in such a shape that pitches of screw vanes(54) are narrowed as it goes from an entrance side to an exit side, thereby increasing pressure as the screw is pushed forward, and wherein the cap is closely adhered to a front end of the dewatering mesh by a spring(74) such that compression strength of the cap is adjusted by controlling pressure of the spring.


Abstract In his first months as president, Donald Trump has demonstrated an unprecedented aversion to expert-oriented decision making. This essay examines how Trump's presidency exposes tensions in what Skowronek and Orren (2016) refer to as the "policy state", especially within institutions that produce expert analyses of presidential action. While an absence of policy expertise has hampered Trump's agenda, his administration has also taken steps to discredit unfavorable analyses, subvert rules requiring the use of objective analysis, and construct new institutions to promote 'alternative facts'. By deepening public division and distrust, such activities may restructure the political environment in which the Trump presidency itself is judged.


ABSTRACT Currently, semi-refined and refined vegetable oils are used as a feedstock in biodiesel production. However, criteria such as competition with conventional fossil fuel, economic reasons, shortage supply of food and its social impact on the global scale have somewhat slowed the development of the biodiesel industry. Spent bleaching earth is currently under-utilized by deposition in landfills with no attempt to recover the oil. In this study the waste oil adsorbed on spent bleaching earth, refined soybean oil, and waste cooking oil were evaluated as potential sources of biodiesel production in Iran. Different characteristics of the oil samples, such as fatty acid composition, peroxide, iodine, acid values, etc., were evaluated. A two-step esterification reaction using methanol was conducted to produce biofuel. Subsequently, physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel were analyzed. The oil content in spent bleaching earth was 19.3%, which was lowered to 3.7% using hexane as the solvent. Gas chromatography showed that palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were predominantly fatty acids, respectively, and the highest content of saturated acids belonged to waste cooking oil (24%). The acidity of 8.3% was obtained for the oil recovered from spent bleaching earth followed by waste cooking oil (3.6%) and refined soybean oil (0.1%). Totally, the specifications of all biodiesel produced were in the range defined by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Since about 2000–3000 tones of spent bleaching earth residual oil is annually dumped and the amount of waste cooking oil produced yearly is 500,000 tones, there is a great potential for Iran to produce biodiesel from waste oils.


Tian Cheng, Mor Mishkovsky, Matthias Junk, Dariush Hinderberger, Kerstin Münnemann, and Arnaud Comment Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, Department of Radiology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany


The lattice Boussinesq equation (BSQ) is a three-component difference-difference equation defined on an elementary square of the two-dimensional lattice, having three-dimensional consistency. We write the equations in the Hirota bilinear form and construct their multisoliton solutions in terms of Casoratians, following the methodology in our previous papers. In the construction it turns out that instead of the usual discretization of the exponential as [(a+k)/(a−k)]n, we need two different terms [(a−ωk)/(a−k)]n and [(a−ω2k)/(a−k)]n, where ω is a cubic root of unity ≠1.


The surface quality of machine elements may deteriorate over time while operating under different conditions. This deterioration adversely affects the wear behavior in the contact areas, and these materials become unusable over time. In machine elements especially, the heat transfer, wear amount and surface roughness parameters in the contact area are very important in order for the system to work efficiently. In order to understand this change, composite materials were produced by adding spheroidal graphite cast iron (GGG40) with high lubricating properties at different rates to bronze (CuSn10), which is widely used as a self-lubricating bearing material. In this study, four different mixing ratios (B60D40, B70D30, B80D20 and B90D10) and B100, which is completely produced from bronze chips, were used for comparison purposes. In addition, these produced composite materials were compared with pure CuSn10 and pure GGG40 via double-acting isostatic hot pressing, and then the results were examined. The composite materials were made at two different temperatures (400 °C and 450 °C) and three different pressures (480 MPa, 640 MPa and 820 MPa) using recycled waste chips. Composites produced by recycling waste chips both reduce costs and make a positive contribution to the natural environment. Thus, more advantageous self-lubricating bearing materials will be produced, and the efficiency will be increased in these materials. The time-dependent variation in the friction coefficient observed after the wear tests performed under constant load is explained, and the resulting surface structures are presented with SEM images and EDS analyses. After the wear tests, it was observed that the process parameters used in production effectively influenced the wear behavior. In particular, when the production pressure was low (480 MPa), the wear behavior was adversely affected because sufficient bonding between the chips could not be achieved. In addition, as the amount of GGG40 used as a reinforcement material increased, the spheroidal graphite contained in it positively affected the wear behavior. The lubricating effect provided by this spheroidal graphite reduced wear in the contact area and the friction coefficient.


Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the different profiles of the immune responsiveness of the patients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis to PPD from M.tuberculosis in comparison with their response to standart mitogen and IFNγ. A pronounced specific Th1 response was found, evidenced by the enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFNγ production after contact of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with PPD. At the same time a high frequency of PPD-anergy was shown: сonsiderable proportion of TB patients was characterized by low proliferative response to PPD coupled with the low levels of IL-2 and IFNγ. Most of the patients revealed failure of monocyte/macrophage oxidative burst in response to PPD. Additionally a positive correlation was found between the levels of their PBMC's oxidative burst and IL-4 production.


Let $\sigma_i$, $i=1,2,3$, denote positive Borel measures on $\mathbb{R}^n$, let $\mathcal{D}$ denote the usual collection of dyadic cubes in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and let $K:\,\mathcal{D}\to[0,\infty)$ be a map. In this paper we give a characterization of the trilinear embedding theorem. That is, we give a characterization of the inequality $$ \sum_{Q\in\mathcal{D}} K(Q)\prod_{i=1}^3\left|\int_{Q}f_i\,d\sigma_i\right| \le C \prod_{i=1}^3 \|f_i\|_{L^{p_i}(d\sigma_i)} $$ in terms of discrete Wolff's potential and Sawyer's checking condition, when $1<p_1,p_2,p_3<\infty$ and $\frac1{p_1}+\frac1{p_2}+\frac1{p_3}\ge 1$.


Chemically stable and electrically conductive metal oxide nanofilms are promising as robust electrodes for chemical/biosensors and for photoelectrochemical applications, which require harsh conditi...


Use of aqueous coating materials, physically curable, pseudoplastic or thixotropic with, polyurethane-based, as adhesion primer for coatings, characterized in that the adhesion primer is clear and transparent.


A bacterium isolated from the Yellow River soil and Xiaoqing River sullage was named DYGD-4.DYGD-4 has the dominant ability to discolor acid yellow G.Under the phenotype and the biochemical characters,strain DYGD-4 was identified as Pseudomonadaceae Pseudomonas.The time,pH and temperature of the best decolorizing conditions of strain DYGD-4 are studied by orthogonal experiment.The optimal results are:pH7,37 ℃,24 h.


We consider adelic approach to strings and spatial noncommutativity. Path integral method to string amplitudes is emphasized. Uncertainties in spatial measurements in quantum gravity are related to noncommutativity between coordinates. p-Adic and adelic Moyal products are introduced. In particular, p-adic and adelic counterparts of some real noncommutative scalar solitons are constructed.


The travelling repairman problem (TRP) is a scheduling problem in which a repairman must visit locations to perform some task. Each location has a time window in which the repairman is allowed to arrive. The objective of this problem is to maximize the number of tasks performed. In this paper, we consider a special case in which all the locations are on a straight line, the tasks have no processing time, and all time-windows are of unit length. We present an improvement on the analysis of the 4-approximation algorithm presented by S. L. P erez P erez et al. in 2014.


Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects more than 90% of the world's population. In Malaysia this virus has been well documented in patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. This study investigated the viral subtype and variant through the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene taken from EBV-infected cancers in Malaysian patients. Nested polymerase chain reaction assays of EBV nuclear antigen-2 and single step polymerase chain reaction on the C-terminus of the LMP-1 gene were performed for virus typing and detection of a 30-bp deletion, respectively. Samples were obtained from 39 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 48 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, 19 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma and 19 cases of non-neoplastic reactive lymphoid tissues. All the tumors harbored EBV type A. Both the deleted and non-deleted variants were observed in the malignant tissues. In some cases, there was concurrent dual expression of both variants. Statistical analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of 30-bp deletions in cases of malignancies compared to reactive tissues. In conclusion, EBV type A predominates in Malaysian cancers, with a significant representation of the 30-bp deleted variant.


working hours, and general health status of long-haul truck drivers with their reported sleep regimen. Questionnaires provided by the Transportation Social Service and the National Transportation Learning Service, in which data were collected from professional truckers aged ≥ 45 years, were analyzed. The results found allow us to infer that the sleep profile of these ground freight transportation workers seems to correlate negatively with general health (prevalence of arterial hypertension and drug use) and the number of working hours per day.


Atorvastatin is a champion amongst the most extensively suggested drugs and the most generally recommended statin. It is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is principally used to avoid unfriendly cardiovascular occasions and to lower blood all out cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. It is in this manner imperative to know the size of the impact that atorvastatin has on cholesterol. Atorvastatin closely resembling rosuvastatin in bringing down cholesterol however is around three-overlay less strong.


Despite the growing deployment of mission critical applications on computing systems, trust and security continues to hinder its full adoption and deployment on cloud computing platforms. In addition to accountability and non-repudiation on the cloud deployment, end-users want to be confident of availability and reliability of services. For any cloud platform to be secure and trusted, the individual layers of the platform must be secure as there is no `one fits all solution' for securing all the layers. This work presents a multi-layer trust security model (MLTSM) based on unified cloud platform trust that employs a fuzzy logic combination of on-demand states of several different security mechanisms, such as identification, direct and in-direct trust, across all cloud layers. In addition, results from a MATLAB-based simulation of the model are also presented. A MLTSM can improve the secure deployment of cloud infrastructure in mission critical sectors such as electrical power system operation, as it provides empirical evidence that allows direct (on-demand) determination and verification of the trust state of any given cloud computing platform or service. Such a modelling approach is useful for comparison, classification and improving end-user confidence in selecting or consuming cloud computing resources.


Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition that affects about 1% of the world population and therefore represents a health issue of public concern. Despite the intensive research and clinical work carried out for years in this field, there are types of epilepsy that remain untreatable and some treatments are accompanied by undesirable side-effects. This is due, at least in part, to the fact that the causes of epileptic seizures have not been fully elucidated. Seizures take place when a group of excitatory neurons start firing synchronically in an uncontrolled fashion. Neuronal communication is regulated via a complex balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. If this equilibrium is altered due to hyperexcitation or reduced inhibition, uncontrolled excitatory discharges may occur leading to an epileptic seizure. Seizures may manifest as positive signs corresponding to the function of the area where those neurons belong (focal or partial seizures), or they may even recruit other neuronal groups, reaching the ascending and descending reticular system and leading to generalized seizures. Our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures is still limited and often we are not certain as to what conditions or alterations lead to an epileptic brain. In recent years, the idea is gaining strength that impairment of the inhibitory systems could be at the root of epileptic seizures [1]. More specifically, a crucial role has been proposed for interneurons secreting γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) as their primary neurotransmitter [2-4]. GABA amino acid neurotransmitter is responsible for most of the fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain by acting on its putative ionotropic receptors type A (GABAAR). GABAARs are ligand-operated Cl ion channels. GABA binding to GABAAR leads to the opening of the channel allowing the entrance of Clinside the neuron causing a hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. Thus, for GABA actions to be effective Cllevels have to be lower inside the neuron. The main molecules responsible for maintaining suitable Cllevels are cation/Clcotransporters. Na+/K+/Clcotransporter (NKCC1) introduces Clinside the cell, whereas the K+/Clcotransporter (KCC2) transports Cloutside the cell keeping Cllevels below its electrochemical potential equilibrium, allowing an inward current when GABA binds the GABAAR. NKCC1 is expressed in both neurons and glial cell whereas KCC2 is only expressed in neurons. During development NKCC1 has been shown to be expressed in high levels while KCC2 levels are low at birth and they increase during postnatal development. This exchange in NKCC1/KCC2 expression leads to higher Cllevels inside the neuron and therefore GABA binding to GABAARs results in membrane depolarization during the neonatal stages [4-6]. Interestingly, alterations in NKCC1/ KCC2 balance have also been described in epilepsy, both in patients and animal models [5,7-14]. This evidence has led to the hypothesis that an imbalance in the expression of these co-transporters may be at the origin of various types of epilepsies and could be considered as new therapeutical targets. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that other members of these families of co-transporters exist in the nephron (KCC1, KCC3, KCC4, NKCC2) where they are also in charge of ion exchange at this level [15]. These molecules have already been targeted for kidney related disorders with the use of "loop diuretics" such as furosemide (blocking the KCC co-transporters) and bumetanide (blocking NKCC co-transporters) [1]. In this way, nephrology studies provided us with new tools to act in the brain. This approach has already been employed for epilepsy research both in experimental studies and clinical trials [16-18]. Further, more recent studies in the nephron have provided new information about the molecular activity-dependent mechanisms regulating the activation/ deactivation of both KCC and NKCC–type co-transporters and the interconnections between them [19,20]. The kinases involved in this complex regulation at the nephron level, may represent not only new therapeutic targets for kidney dysfunction but also a new field for research in epilepsy [21-23]. Future studies will be necessary to know whether new therapies for the epilepsies will come at the end of this intriguing research journey from nephron to neuron.


Errata are given for "Efficient Planarity Testing" by John Hopcroft and Robert Tarjan [J. ACM 21, 4 (Oct. 1974), 549-568].


The aim of the paper is to provide evidence of causal relationships between attributes of competitiveness and tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) in small and medium destinations (SMDs). A model of destination competitiveness has been developed and integrated with attributes of competitiveness, and then applied to a unique dataset of 370 outstanding Italian SMDs. A principal component analysis and a partial least square regression have been performed to test the model. The use of economic and financial measures as dependent variables, in addition to standard measures of destination performance, allows to investigate the concept of TDC from a wider economic point of view. Empirical evidence reveals that the multidimensionality and relativity of the concept of TDC influence the relationships among predictors and dependent variables. Managerial capabilities, quality of services, and policies aimed at fostering local empowerment are found to be key determinants of the competitiveness of Italian outstanding SMDs.


The present paper traces some of the main articulations of the book Marcel Proust and the signs (1964), in which the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze affirms the superiority of literature on classical rationalist philosophy in the search for truth. Proust's work rivals the philosophy itself, since it brings into play the involuntary nature of memory and intelligence – a condition which lies at the beginning of every thought – which can grasp the truth only solicited and forced by chance encounters. Classical rationalist philosophy as a methodical exercise, induced by the good will of the thinker, can instead reach only abstract and conventional truths. The paper underlines how, according to Deleuze, Proust's work will represent the model of authentic philosophy, the one that comes to produce with violence new concepts forced by problems and urgencies that impose themselves from outside. In fact, in Difference and Repetition (1968), the characteristics ascribed to the Proustian Recherche are explicitly attributed to a philosophy of Difference, which is posited by the author as the real need of his own time. In 1991, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari posed the question: What is philosophy? The attributes previously assigned to the literature, reappeared in the answer to such a question. A paradoxical necessity – reached through contingent encounters on one side, and the involuntary nature of thought on the other side – will appear at the center of the book that closes the theoretical trajectory of Deleuze: such a paradox shows itself as the only condition for the "invention of concepts", which is at the same time the definition and ultimate task of philosophical practice.


Background: Cognitive functions are conscious mental activities such as thinking, remembering, learning and using language. The function of cognition is the ability of attention, memory, judgement, problem solving and executive abilities such as planning, evaluating and monitoring. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat based on height and weight. It can help determine whether a person is at an unhealthy or healthy weight. Several studies indicate that cognitive function is impaired in elderly population with respect to BMI and also indicate that greater BMI in midlife is associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment. So, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index and cognitive function in young adults.
Methodology: A "Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scale" was filled by the 134 young adults (18 to 35 years) through interview method.
Result: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Pearson's test of correlation was applied between outcome measures. There is a weak negative but statistically significant correlation found between body mass index (BMI) and MOCA scores (r = -o.174).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated weak negative correlation between body mass index and cognitive function in young adults.

Key words: Body mass index, Cognitive function, Young adults.


Facebook is considered as the leading social network site that has attracted millions of users across countries. However, the motivations for using Facebook may differ with each country. Studies on the relationship between Facebook motivation, usage, social capital and life satisfaction have been conducted in a relatively limited context, such as within in a single country or a single demographic population. Although much research has shown significant results in their studies concerning SNS by just using one or two dimensions of Hofstede's cultural dimension, taking out the other cultural dimensions may not really represent the whole cultural attributes of the samples. Comparative research about Facebook has had so much emphasis on comparisons between Western and Asian countries not much of two Asian countries. This study showed the influence of all of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on to the motivation to use Facebook and the impact of their usage to their social capital and life satisfaction between Filipinos and Koreans. The 243 Filipino and 235 Korean respondents of the survey were processed using SPSS and AMOS. The findings of the study suggest that for Filipinos, the overall Hofstede cultural dimension has a significant influence on the identified motivations such as seeking friends, entertainment, information, convenience and social support. On the other hand for South Koreans, Hofstede cultural dimensions influence motivation such as seeking friends, information, convenience, and social support except entertainment. The study also reveals that the primary motivation for Filipinos to use Facebook is seeking convenience, information, entertainment, and seeking friends. Filipinos don't see Facebook as a source for social support. While for South Koreans, their primary motivation to use Facebook is seeking social support, convenience, seeking friends and information. South Koreans do not perceive Facebook as a source of entertainment. Both Filipino and South Korean Facebook activity does enhance their overall social capital and life satisfaction, suggesting that uses and gratification has been attained through their Facebook engagement.


Abstract : Static and dynamic tests were conducted on Flarescan, a vertically scanned microwave guidance system, to determine its suitability for use in an all-weather landing system. Areas of investigation included lowangle coverage, position determining accuracy, siting effects, noise content, scan rate, scan direction, method of signal coding, type of antenna pattern, weather effects, interference susceptibility, optimum flight path characteristics, etc. (Author)


Prime minister Julia Gillard took aim yesterday at the "misogynists" and "nut jobs" on the internet posting about her conduct 17 years ago while working as an industrial lawyer. The Prime Minister said claims in The Australian that she had been involved in setting up a questionable trust fund while at Slater & Gordon (since retracted) had been fuelled by internet rumours. She then gave an hour long press conference to confront the issue. Ms Gillard said the claims aired in The Australian were "false and highly defamatory", but they came from a "sexist smear campaign" that started on the internet, and should have been ignored by the mainstream media. Putting aside the claims and counter-claims around her conduct, what Gillard rightly points to is a new kind of news cycle – Jenna Price Senior lecturer at University of Technology, Sydney


The utility model provides a lens for an LED road lamp, the lens can incline a light towards an effective use region, so that light utilization rate is improved, and the light on the road is more practical. The LED road lamp lens includes an incidence surface, a light emitting surface and a bottom surface, the incidence surface, which is a quadric surface, is located at a middle part of the bottom surface, the light emitting surface is a deformed aspheric surface, and a surface coefficient Kx of the light emitting surface is not less than a range from -0.8 to -10, and Ky is equal to a range from 0.2 to 0.4, wherein the Kx is a cone factor in X-axis direction, and the Ky is a cone factor in Y-axis direction. In the LED road lamp lens, the a light emitting direction of the LED is constrained by the incidence surface and the light emitting surface of the lens, so that a lighting region of the lamp forms a rectangular uniform lighting surface, demands on light distribution, illumination and uniformity of city road lighting are satisfied, and the LED road lamp lens can be widely used for an integrated high-power LED having a large light emitting surface.


The methods for preliminary processing and wet processing of coffee are summarized.The factors affecting the quality of coffee in wet processing are analyzed.The causes of problems in coffee processing and the solving methods are given.


Objective
To explore the value of serum CA125 level to the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods
The clinicopathologic data and serum CA125 level of 76 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2009 were analyzed retrospectively, and the outcomes of patients were followed up.

Results
No relationship was found between CA125 concentration before therapy with prognosis and cytoreductive condition for epithelial ovarian cancer. The normal or abnormal CA125 concentration after 3 courses of treatment meant different prognosis, with the 5-year survival rates of 63.8 % and 25.0 %, and the median survival time of 57 months and 28 months, respectively (χ2 = 19.951, P= 0.000). The 5-year survival rates of patients with CA125 concentration≤10.0 U/ml and>10.0 U/ml after therapy were 72.7 % and 42.8 %, respectively (χ2 = 7.266, P= 0.007). According to multivariate Cox proportional-hazard model, two independent factors , operative-pathological staging and CA125 concentration after 3 courses, were related significantly to the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (P< 0.05).

Conclusion
Serum CA125 level, especially after 3 courses and therapy, plays an important role in the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Key words:
Ovarian neoplasms; CA125; Prognosis


The paper proposes decision support method and system for orderly power utilization based on delicacy management.The users are delicately divided in terms of consumption behavior and restraint conditions,and optimization goal for orderly power consumption and restraint condition are set,and then delicate optimization scheme for orderly power utilization is formulated to achieve delicate management of orderly power consumption;the effectiveness is proved by practical use of the system,hence the delicate management of orderly utilization is greatly enhanced.


IntroductionUrban solid waste management has remained one of the most neglected areas of urban management in India. Over years there has been a progressive decline in the standard of waste management; in most cities nearly half of the solid waste generated remains unattended. Based on the available data from different sources it is estimated that the quantity of solid waste generated per person per day in the urban areas in India ranges between 300 to 600 g.Solid waste management in a society is more a social issue than the technical. Required impact of waste management can be achieved through social mobilizations supported by socio-culturally acceptable and economically affordable technology. Technology should not be thrust upon. It should be selected taking into account its sustainability- social, economical and environmental.Solid waste from Indian cities contains high proportion of organic matter along with high moisture contents. The garbage has low combustible material content. Calorific value is usually less than 1000 Kcal/kg and is not ordinarily suitable for thermal power technologies. Naturally composting appears to be the most preferred option of solid waste management. In India, where the land person ratio is rapidly declining, the only means of meeting the rising food requirement due to population explosion is through increased soil productivity without detriment to environment and sustainability. Compost can help a lot to increase such productivity. The per capita land availability in the country has decreased from 0.48 ha in 1951 to 0.17 ha, in 1985 and in 2005 to 0.1ha.(1)One of the major technical drawbacks of the present system of solid waste management is the failure to provide sustainable technology for decentralized and household waste management. There are systems for centralized level of mechanical composting operated in some towns. However, it is cost prohibitive and the local bodies are unable to operate the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the budget is required for the collection and transportation of the garbage from houses.TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AVAILABLE FOR SOLID URBAN WASTE TREATMENTFor processing, treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste, various technologies are available. It is for the Urban Local Body to choose any one or combination of technologies to suit their local situation so as to meet the criteria / statutory standards for different end products, emission and discharge etc. laid down in the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India, New Delhi.(2)The main technological options available are: -I. CompostingII. Vermi-compostingIII. An-aerobic Digestion / Bio-methanationIV. IncinerationV. Gasification / PyrolysisVI. Plasma PyrolysisVII. Production of Refuse Derived Fuel / (RDF)/ PelletisationVIII. Sanitary Land Filling / Landfill Gas RecoveryThe first three technologies[S.No. I-III] are being run through biological decomposition of the biodegradable segment of the wastes. The technologies listed at [S.No. IV-VI] are thermal decomposition process of the entire organic fraction of MSW to produce heat energy. The technology listed at [S.No. VII] is only for producing RDF fluff/pellets. The last technology at [S.No. VIII] is in fact, the disposal of waste residues /rejects. Of course the methane gas recovery can also be done, when the land filling is performed as per the required procedure and technique. It has generally been found that only the first two technologies are easily applicable /replicable in India.Status of solid waste management in IndiaNearly half of the solid waste generated remains unattended in most of the cities. Even in metros, collection, segregation, transport and proper management of wastes is far below the level of satisfaction. Quantity of solid waste generated per person per day in the urban areas in India ranges between 300 to 600 g, that contains about 45% biodegradables. …


ABSTRACT This paper presents a theory of foreign military basing as a function of the degree of internal threat facing a host nation. The theory is based on rational choice logic where politicians balance economic and security benefits against sovereignty and legitimacy costs. When internal threat is low a host nation's political actors value legitimacy and sovereignty and hence reduce base access. When internal threat is high economic and security benefits trump legitimacy and sovereignty costs, hence increasing base access. The theory is assessed through process-tracing the historical events around U.S military basing in the Philippines. When internal threat was low from coups and revolutionary movements the Philippine government reduced U.S. basing access, but when a threat from these movements was high they either maintained or increased access. This study suggests more carefully considering the role of internal threats when assessing the dynamics of foreign basing.


After Belinsky, rebelling against Hegel, Herzen founded realistic view of the philosophy of history. He pointed out partial nature of current policy and its insufficiency for achieving social harmony, and called to stay over borders of class and national position and start the social reforms, providing human and nation rights, resolving universal problems. Herzen gave the most precious thing to Russian philosophy that is high culture of thinking.


A noninverting flyback converter using an integrated symmetrically-matched self-biased current sensor was fabricated in a 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS process. It operates in pseudo-continuous conduction mode and employs a direct output current control scheme to achieve excellent line transient response. The converter switches at 1MHz with an input of 1.2V to 2V to give an output of 1.5V and delivers 250mA.


Yang Wanli was a famous philosopher of Neo-confucianism during the Song Dynasty. His theory of knowing and doing is of vital ideological value. He thinks that the world can be understood so long as people possess initiative of understanding objective things. In addition, he further reveals the fact that people's knowledge is derived from objective world reflecting the objective world. He particularly emphasized the importance of acquiring knowledge and studying for the sake of being adorned. Only the knowledge that can be applied is regarded as a real one. Yang Wanli emphasized the combination of practizing with earnestness and has active and realistic characters.


infants in hospital might receieunney, traverpous antibiotics if thought to have pneo toes early. diagnmislmae any diference to thc r idiial medical practitioners variously r d erythromytin or coe sbutamol, stioids, tit sve, ves, and atropine methonitrate. Reviewing published re orts on treatment, Btoomhall adl hFhere was no firi evidetice for-the value of t4'ese. Maniy sbee thateary diagnos isworth-while on the nds thatteent withantibiotics, which needs to be forat least 14 days, reduces infectivity and-therefore limits spread. Tis may be useful when patients are admitted to a hospital ward, but at home old fashioned quarantine is likely to be as effective. Unfortunately, treating asymptomatic close contacts has not been proved protective.8 Perhaps the most important reason for trying to make a correct diagnosis in the child at home is the reliefofpiOtalranxlety inevitable when there is uncertainty. The onlyway to peent i exitreel unpleasant disease is to encourake a high uptake of vaccine.


The simplified 3D approach where the 'cross-flow junctions' between 1D modules represent some multidimensional flow features was first developed in the system codes like RELAP and ATHLET codes. This may be sufficient in some cases particularly for porous body like a reactor core when only cross flows exist due to high resistance to transverse velocity. Explicit 3D modules exist as an option in the codes TRACE and CATHARE-3 for the reactor pressure vessel of which main objective is modelling of large scale 3D effects in a pressure vessel during LBLOCA such as ECCS water, reflooding of the core with transverse power profile effects. The 3D modules are straight forward extension of the 1D modules for cylindrical or Cartesian coordinates. A multiscale software platform, including a CFD module and CATHARE-3 as a system code, has been developed to model reactor pressure vessel effectively. SPACE code also started to develop 3D reactor core module using within 1000 cells. After having developed 1D system analysis code, MARS, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) began to develop the CUPID code to address the need for a multi-dimensional analysis. In two-phase momentum equations, non-drag forces, such as lift, wall lubrication, and turbulent dispersion forces including turbulence and wall function are modeled in addition to the interfacial drag forces and these non-drag forces are selectively activated. These features with the capacity to deal with huge unstructured mesh over 10,000,000 may categorize CUPID as a CMFD distinguished from traditional system analysis code. The flow or heat structure coupling methodologies a system code, MARS, the reactor vessel module, and the steam generator module have been also developed to extend the application of CUPID as a 3D module of nuclear reactor. In this paper, the recent development and validation of CUPID reactor vessel module, CUPID-RV, is presented.


1UG Student, School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha -751024 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Increase in the no of automobiles and increasing pollution has led everyone to find an alternative to the above problem. One among them is biogas and it has positive effect on the environment. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste in the absence of oxygen. Converting waste into biogas reduces air, water and land pollution. Along with these it also reduces global warming by converting methane into energy. Most of the vehicles use fossil fuels for their energy production and this has led to the shortage of fuel and resulted in energy crisis. The reformation of natural sources may take so many years, because of that the demand and supply balance will be lost which ultimately led to the price hike. The best way to reach the balance is by using alternative energy i.e. renewable energy. The present review paper deals with the production and utilization of biogas from sugarcane waste.


The aim of the present study was to build on previous research by developing a reliable and valid outcome measure. More specifically, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the level of skill and knowledge gain of child care providers who participated in the ACT training program (Silva, 2002) by utilizing a research instrument. Developing an outcome measure would contribute to developing evidence-based violence prevention and early intervention programs. The research team in the present study generated a two-part instrument and tested it in a pre- and post-test control-group design to assess the effectiveness of the ACT training program. Statistics on child abuse and neglect help highlight the prevalence of violence in young children's lives and establish the need for effective violence prevention programs. In 2005, approximately 3.3 million allegations of child maltreatment were reported nationwide to Child Protective Services and approximately 899,000 children were found to be victims of child maltreatment (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2005). In most states, perpetrators of child abuse and neglect were the parents (84%) and other caregivers (11%) (e.g., foster parents, daycare staff, unmarried partner or parent, legal guardian, and residential facility staff; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2005). Based on the significant number of children affected, there is an urgent need for effective prevention strategies (e.g., education for adults who care for and work with young children). Numerous studies have addressed the extensive short- and long-term effects of maltreatment on children. These effects include severe developmental consequences (Egeland, 1988; Knutson, DeGamro, & Reid, 2004), medical (Sedlak & Broadhurst, 1996; Wharton, Rosenberg, Sheridan, & Ryan, 2000) and psychological issues (Goodwin, 1996), behavioral problems (Kelley, Thornberry, & Smith, 1997), and eventual delinquency (Widom & Maxfield, 2001). More specifically, findings have shown that maltreated children experience psychological consequences such as low self-esteem, increased fear, guilt, and self-blame (Corby, 2000). As a long-term psychological consequence, interspousal violence was found to be predicted by a history of physical abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and experiencing sexual abuse and neglect in childhood (Bevan & Higgins, 2002). Moreover, neglect in childhood has been found to be associated with increased rates of physical accidents, rashes, infections, malnutrition, physical defects, and problems in language development (Smith & Fong, 2004). As a long-term negative consequence, maltreated children were also found to show higher rates of smoking and other substance use as well as high-risk sexual behaviors (Kendall-Tackett, 2002). Kendall-Tackett also found that maltreated children were at an increased risk of developing hepatitis, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, stroke, are more likely to have surgery, and are at increased risk of having one or more chronic pain symptoms. Many studies cited above conclude from their findings that more effective strategies need to be developed that address the effects of maltreatment on children. Besides intervention programs treating abused children, a number of violence prevention programs have been designed and researched to reduce the effects of violence on young children (Guttman & Mowder, 2005). One such program is the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Against Violence training program initiated by two national professional organizations: the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). The ACT training program is a unique violence prevention program, training adults as well as focusing on early childhood rather than later stages of development. The ACT program trains adults in young children's lives to become positive role models and teach children constructive conflict resolution strategies (Fuentes & Silva, 2004). …


The study explored the art of retaining and developing quality teachers, with emphasis on critical issues for school administrators in Nigeria. In a country where there are hues and cries everywhere about the falling standard in education, supported by ample research evidence, it becomes pertinent to review literature on teacher retention and development, a factor that is accepted globally to influence school environment and thus goal attainment in education. This will bring again to the limelight critical issues and their implications for better school outcomes as it affects teacher-staffing.  It will enable stakeholders in Nigeria education to have a re-think about the way and manner teachers are handled in Nigeria secondary schools and begin to do the things they ought to do to redeem the school system. In this light, relevant literature was reviewed on theoretical retention strategies;  the importance of comprehensive induction on teachers' retention and development; how improved working conditions can retain quality teachers; the role of administrators in teachers' retention and development; problems facing school principals in teachers' retention and development; support needed by school principals in the retention and development of teachers, and what the Nigerian teachers need to be retained in schools. Based on this discourse, it was recommended that government in collaboration with school principals should provide comprehension induction to teachers; school principals should ensure that the school climate is supportive of teaching and learning, encourage interpersonal relationship between staff and students,  promote school/community relationship, involve teachers in decision making, ensure a manageable student-teacher ratio, and reduce teachers' workload; State School Boards should enforce policies that provide for equitable distribution of learning materials to teachers and students in schools; government should grant additional incentive to teachers in rural and isolated schools and train school principals to be familiar with the available resources to support the diverse needs of students and staff.


In recent decades, natural hazards have caused major disasters in the natural and 14 man-made environment. Floods are one of the most devasting natural hazards with high mortality 15 percentage, destruction of infrastructure and large financial losses. This study presents a 16 methodological approach for flood risk management at lakes and adjacent areas that is based on 17 the implementation of the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) in Greece. Contemporary engineering 18 approaches have been used for the estimation of the inflow hydrographs. The 19 hydraulic-hydrodynamic simulations implemented in the following order: a) hydrologic modelling 20 of lake tributaries and estimation flood flow inflow to the lake, b) flood inundation modelling of 21 lake tributaries, c) simulation of the lake as a closed system, d) simulation of the lake outflows to 22 the adjacent areas, e) simulation of flood inundation of rural and urban areas adjacent to the lake. 23 The hydrologic modelling has been performed using the HEC-HMS model and the 24 hydraulic-hydrodynamic simulations were implemented with the use of the two-dimensional 25 HEC-RAS model. The simulations applied for three soil moisture conditions (dry, medium and 26 wet) and three return periods (T = 50, T = 100 and T = 1000 years) and a methodology was followed 27 for the flood inundation modelling in urban areas. Upper and lower estimates on water depths, 28 flow velocities and inundation areas are estimated for all inflow hydrographs and for varying 29 roughness coefficient values. The proposed methodology presents the necessary steps and the 30 results for the assessment of flood risk management and mapping for lake and adjacent urban and 31 rural areas. The methodology has been applied to Pamvotida lake, Epirus, Greece, which is the 32 lake of Ioannina city. 33


Abstract The Y human chromosome has many ancient genes whose fidelity seems to have been preserved by tandem sequences and palindromic 'hairpins', compared/repaired by 'gene conversion'. That a primary function of recombination machinery is DNA repair has been suggested, and rejected, several times; this new evidence is very persuasive. The process, better called gene conservation than gene conversion, could operate in all diploid organisms, accounting for the retention of long gene sequences without 'informational meltdown' ('concerted evolution'). It resembles rocket‐science computer‐redundancy error‐checking, comparison of three or four sequences, not just two. If recognition of errors in 'converted' sequences can be followed by either repair or rejection, the rejection option can account for the vast wastage of meiotic products. The repair option might be used in Drosophila oocytes and even zygotic nuclei, possibly other oocytes, ancient asexual lineages such as mycorrhizal fungi, perhaps the Y itself. Both evolutionary stasis (conservatism) and development and deployment of complex developmental modules can be understood in these terms so both the evolution of biodiversity and the practice of systematics may have these mechanisms as their bases. The main individual‐fitness and evolutionary advantages of diploidy were not primarily cloaking of recessive al‐leles, or allelic recombination and Mendelism, but conserving long DNA sequences.


European education has witnessed major transformations in the last decades, influenced by the international and natioall changes strongly marked by the manifestation of the global economic crisis. Education and training play a key role in the economic activity in that it represents an important objective in the context of the implementation of the Bologna process in Romania. The aim of this study is to provide a profound understanding on the role that education plays on the knowledge society through educational and training policies expressed both at the European Union level and at that of Member States.


The process chain for the manufacturing of sheet metal components in mass production includes various cutting and forming operations, which influence the resulting properties of the parts and therefore subsequent manufacturing steps, such as clamping and joining. It is shown that clamping of the components leads to superimposed residual stresses and geometry changes. Therefore, the part properties differ from the initial state of the semifinished products, which has to be considered in the design of clinched joints. This paper presents an approach for coupled determination of the properties of semifinished and finished parts during deep drawing and clamping as well as their effects on the joint quality during clinching. One method for the effective and efficient determination of the properties of semifinished products and components during production is using process data from the preceding manufacturing processes, which is concretely presented in this work. In addition to the interconnection of the entire production chain, it is necessary to define relevant process data for each individual manufacturing step and to correlate the data with the material properties reliably. Therefore, the cross-process interactions of different steps of the process chain for the manufacturing of sheet metal components and the effect of process variations on subsequent manufacturing steps are investigated. Consequently, the boundary conditions for a mechanical joining process based on data from preceding process steps can be predicted.


Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia (TCRB) is a common and severe cause of bacteremia among hemodialysis (HD)-dependent patients. TCRB have reported incidence of 0.5 to 5.5 events per 1000 catheter days and are associated with increased morbidity and death. The main objetive of our study is determinate the incidence of TCRB in our hospital and, secondarily, to analyze our microbiology, recurrence and reinfection rates.

 The study is an observational retrospective evaluation of medical records of patients in whom a TC for HD was implanted in the period from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018. The TC were implanted by nephrologists, following a preimplantation and management protocol agreed with the Infectious Diseases Unit.
 Patients were followed up from TC insertion until the study end date or first of recovery kidney function, kidney transplantation, transition to peritoneal dialysis or death. CRB definition was according Spanish Clinical Guidelines on Vascular Access for Haemodialysis: positive blood culture accompanied by fever or clinical signs of sepsis, without another posible site of infection. We recorded demographic, clinical and TC-related variables (conditions of catheter insertion, site of catheter insertion and duration of use, etc.). Exclusion criteria for our study were the lack of clinical follow-up due to belonging to a different hospital area.

 A total of 393 TC were implantated over a period of 13 years. After applying exclusion criteria, we investigated 341 TC implanted in 279 patients: 265 into the intern jugular vein, 71 into the subclavian and 5 in femoral vein. The mean age of the included patients was 63 (range 19-93 years). Fifty-one percent of catheter was implanted in male patients. Forty-six percent of the patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. In 55% of the cases, the cause of CT implantation was the difficulty of creating an internal vascular access.
 In total there were 91 CRB in 58 patients, with a rate of 0.48 infections per 1000 catheter days (figure 1), occurring at median 461 days (range 143-443 days) after catheter insertion. Within that group, 82.4% occurred after 6 months from the implementation of the CPT. Only 6 (6.59%) took place in the 30 days after implantation. Gram-positive organisms accounted of 85%, with a predominance of Staphylococcus epidermidis (47%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (25%). A broad spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria accounts for 14% of patients. Nineteen TC were removed by CRB, with a rate of 5.5% of total functioning TC. CRB was the cause of death in 7 of the 279 patients (2.5%). During the study, 12 (13% of CRB) recurrences and 30 (32% of CRB) reinfections events have been identified.

 The incidence of CRB in our population was found to be lower that previous studies. It usually appears in the long term, with Gram-positive germs as the most frequently involved. The temporality and low recurrence rate suggest that our protocol has been effective.
 The high rate of reinfection orients a certain individual predisposition to suffer from CRB. Identification of potential predicting risk factors could reduce the morbimortality of these patients.


Parallel algorithms for lossless data compression via dictionary compression using optimal and greedy parsing strategies are described. Dictionary compression removes redundancy by replacing substrings of the input by references to strings stored in a dictionary. Given a static dictionary stored as a suffix tree, the authors present a parallel random access concurrent read, concurrent write (PRAM CREW) algorithm for optimal compression which runs in O(M+log M log n) time with O(nM/sup 2/) processors, where it is assumed that M is the maximum length of any dictionary entry. They also describe an O(M+log n) time and O(n) processor algorithm for greedy parsing given a static or sliding-window dictionary. For sliding-window compression. A different approach finds the greedy parsing in O(log n) time using O(nM log M/log n) processors. Their algorithms are practical in the sense that their analysis elicits small constants.<<ETX>>


Antagonism tests and PCR amplification methodology were used to identify a strain of Ganoderma lucidum designated Xianzhi 1.The original parental strain was isolated from a fruit body collected from the wild and was subjected to subsequent long-term selection procedures.Xianzhi 1 exhibited an antagonistic reaction with a selected intermediate parent strain,Xianyuan 5,and several other G.lucidum cultivars.PCR amplification revealed a band that was specific for G.lucidum,and ERIC-PCR generated an amplification pattern that distinguished Xianzhi 1 from ten other G.lucidum cultivars indicating that it was a new strain.


Objective To investigate on relationship of Fatty Liver,Body Mass Index(BMI) and blood lipids.Methods To observe the difference of fatty 1iver among different teams of BMI and blood lipids level in 4 715 medical check-up people from Wuxi No.1 people's Hospital in 2004.Results With BMI and blood lipids level increasing,the incidence of fatty liver increases and the differences among these teams are significant in statistics(P0.005).The incidence of fatty liver correlates with property of blood lipids.The incidence of fatty liver in the team of high triglyceride is significantly higher than the team of high cholesteol(P0.005).Conclusions With BMI and blood lipids level increasing,the incidence of fatty liver increases remarkably.There is significant correlation between fatty liver and triglyceride.


This paper investigates the influence of corporate governance on financial firms' performance during the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Using a unique dataset of 296 financial firms from 30 countries that were at the center of the crisis, we find that firms with more independent boards and higher institutional ownership experienced worse stock returns during the crisis period. Further exploration suggests that this is because (1) firms with higher institutional ownership took more risk prior to the crisis, which resulted in larger shareholder losses during the crisis period, and (2) firms with more independent boards raised more equity capital during the crisis, which led to a wealth transfer from existing shareholders to debtholders. Overall, our findings add to the literature by examining the corporate governance determinants of financial firms' performance during the 2007–2008 crisis.


3502242A1 1/1985 Germany. 4010921C2 4/1990 Germany . Primary Examiner-Robert J. Warden Assistant Examiner-Theresa T. Snider Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Chilton, Alix & Van Kirk 57 ABSTRACT The sterilization of reusable kegs in which a consumable beverage is dispensed includes pressurization of the keg with steam, measuring the residual pressure after a time delay which may vary, and comparing the residual pressure against a standard pressure read from a cooling curve which plots pressure decay vs. time delay. A family of standard cooling curves will be stored for each type keg to be sterilized with the curves for each keg being a function of the difference between the steam and ambient temperatures.


This book is very well written. It reads more smoothly and clearly than most texts of its type. It will be of marginal interest to a hypnosis-oriented readership, and it is not suitable as a basic text for the treatment of DID. However, Dr. Krakauer is a clever and skilled clinician, and those interested in the treatment of DID who are already experienced and well-grounded in the literature of that field will find it worthwhile to acquaint themselves with her contributions.


The reform of exam method is the important link of the reform in higher vocational education.At present there still exist some disadvantages,such as too much focus on theory and memory in traditional exam,single exam method without specific aim and so on.Therefore,the exam reform in higher vocational education should perfect the system of exam management,center with ability training,confirm exam content,diversify exam form,pay attention to innovative ability and stand out the exam of solving practical problems.


The wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1, also-called PPM1D) is a type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C™) that requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for catalytic efficacy and is insensitive to phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Wip1 was originally identified as a p53-induced gene in response to ionizing radiation.1 Subsequent studies indicated that Wip1 acts as a homeostatic regulator of the DNA damage response, facilitating the return of cells to a normal pre-stress state following repair of damaged DNA.2,3 In addition, Wip1 inhibits several tumor suppressor pathways, including ATM-CHK2-p53 and p38MAPK-p53.2 Furthermore, Wip1 is found to be aberrantly expressed in several types of human cancers, and Wip1-null mice are resistant to cancer.4,5 These unique features make Wip1 an oncogenic phosphatase and a promising drug target for cancer therapy.

The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in preserving the integrity of the genome and in preventing cancer development. The importance of p53 in this process is demonstrated by the fact that inactivation of p53 occurs in over 50% of human cancers, and loss of p53 function is known to be essential for carcinogenesis.6 In response to various cellular stresses, p53 is activated and functions as a sequence-specific DNA binding transcriptional factor to induce its downstream targets, which mediate cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis.7 Consistently, numerous studies have shown that p53 exerts pivotal roles in guarding genomic stability under stress conditions.6

Most studies on Wip1 have been focused on how Wip1 facilitates the return of cells to homeostasis after DNA damage. The study by Park et al. convincingly showed that under non-stress conditions, Wip1 plays a critical role in p53-mediated cell homeostasis. Specifically, they showed that Wip1 is able to induce G2/M arrest in cells with wild-type p53 but not the ones with mutant p53. In addition, Wip1-mediated G2/M arrest is able to decrease cell death in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. To uncover the underlying mechanism, they showed that Wip1 is able to decrease Cdc2 kinase activity by increasing phosphorylation of the inhibitory tyrosine-15 of Cdc2. Together, the current studies suggest that, under non-stress conditions, Wip1 collaborates with p53 to induce G2/M arrest, which enables normal cells to be ready for mitosis and avoid mitotic catastrophe. Similarly, this regulation favors cancer cells with wild-type p53 to escape from the mitotic checkpoint and, thus, promotes tumor formation. Therefore, targeting Wip1 in cancer cells with wild-type p53 may lead to a shorter G2 preparation and render cell death via mitotic catastrophe. In support of this notion, Wip1 inhibition has been shown to decrease cancer cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner.8,9

At this point, it still remains unclear how Wip1 induces G2/M arrest in cells with wild-type p53. It will be interesting to address how Wip1 increases the phosphorylation of the inhibitory tyrosine-15 of Cdc2. Additionally, is there any other mechanism by which Wip1 inhibits Cdc2 kinase activity? Finally, it will also be interesting to address how p53 modulates Wip1-induced G2/M arrest under non-stress conditions, which will advance our understanding of how p53 makes cell fate decisions. Although much work remains to be explored, these findings clearly highlight a novel role of Wip1 in p53 guarding homeostasis under non-stress conditions. The work also shed a light on a novel mechanism by which Wip1, in addition to its ability to inhibit p53, promotes tumorigenesis by helping cancer cells escape from the mitotic checkpoint.


Similarly bubble clusters try to minimize the total surface area enclosing and separating several volumes. Whether the number of enclosed volumes is one or one thousand, it is the same principle of area minimization at work. See FIGURES 2, 3. This principle alone has sufficed to produce computer simulations of bubble clusters, as in the frame in FIGURE 4 from the video "Computing soap films and crystals" by the Minimal Surface Team at the Geometry Center (formerly the Minnesota Geometry Supercomputer Project). Do soap bubble clusters always find the absolute least-area shape? Not always: FIGURE 5 illustrates two clusters enclosing and separating the same five volumes. In the first, the tiny fifth volume is comfortably nestled deep in the crevice between the largest bubbles. In the second, the tiny fifth volume less comfortably sits between the medium size bubbles. The first cluster has less surface area, although I do not know' for sure that there is not a third possibility of still less area.


Trade unions have dealt with the thorny issue of layoffs since their formation, but relatively little has been written on the topic of union strategies for surviving large-scale redundancies. This paper examines these strategies in an industry that is all too familiar with massive layoffs: railroading. An analysis of union responses to job losses presupposes an understanding of the factors underlying managerial decisions about staff reduction. We argue that the nature of "downsizing" has changed considerably in the last 40 years. In industries such as railroading, managers were formerly preoccupied with labour-saving technology. As such, unions struggled for a significant voice and co-determinative role in the introduction of new machinery. In Canada, unions came close to obtaining such a role through the recommendations of the Freedman Report. Following their defeat in acquiring a major role in determining issues of technological change, railway unions focused on winning employment security provisions in their contracts. However, managers would view employment security as an anomaly when they turned to organizational change to increase productivity. More recently, older railway unions and newer union entrants to the industry have experienced tactical disagreements over how to confront the offensive against employment security in railroading.

 Resume

 Les syndicats ont traite la question epineuse de mises a pied depuis leur formation, mais relativement peu a ete ecrit a propos des strategies syndicales pour surmonter un excedent majeur de main-d'œuvre. Cet article permet d'examiner ces strategies dans une industrie qui est tres familiere avec les mises a pied massives : l'entreprise ferroviaire. Une analyse des reponses syndicales aux pertes d'emploi presume une comprehension des facteurs servant de base des decisions gestionnaires relatives a la compression du personnel. Nous sommes d'avis que la nature de la « rationalisation » a change de facon considerable au cours des 40 dernieres annees. Dans les industries telles que l'entreprise ferroviaire, les gestionnaires se preoccupaient de la technologie economisant de la main-d'œuvre dans le passe. A ce titre, les syndicats ont lutte pour une voix unie et un role determinant dans l'introduction de nouvelles machines. Au Canada, les syndicats ont presque obtenu un tel role par l'intermediaire des recommandations du Rapport Freedmant. Par suite de leur echec dans l'obtention d'un role important dans la determination des questions de changement technologique, les syndicats de chemins de fer se sont concentres sur la possibilite de gagner les dispositions relatives a la securite d'emploi dans leurs contrats. Toutefois, les gestionnaires verraient la securite d'emploi comme une anomalie quand ils se sont retournes vers le changement organisational pour augmenter la productivite. Plus recemment, les syndicats de chemins de fer plus anciens ainsi que les nouveaux venus dans l'industrie ont connu des desaccords tactiques sur la facon de confronter l'offensive contre la securite d'emploi dans l'entreprise ferroviaire.


The complex Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLE) is a ubiquitous model for the evolution of slowly varying wave packets in nonlinear dissipative media. A front (shock) is a transient layer between a plane-wave state and a zero background. We report exact solutions for domain walls , i.e., pairs of fronts with opposite polarities, in a system of two coupled CGLEs, which describe transient layers between semi-infinite domains occupied by each component in the absence of the other one. For this purpose, a modified Hirota bilinear operator, first proposed by Bekki and Nozaki, is employed. A novel factorization procedure is applied to reduce the intermediate calculations considerably. The ensuing system of equations for the amplitudes and frequencies is solved by means of computer-assisted algebra. Exact solutions for mutually-locked front pairs of opposite polarities, with one or several free parameters, are thus generated. The signs of the cubic gain/loss, linear amplification/attenuation, and velocity of the cou...


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treat cancer by augmenting patients' (pts) immune responses against cancer. The immune activation from ICIs is associated with immune-related adverse events. Inflammation has a known association with hyperglycemia (HG) and insulin resistance. Little is known about the prevalence of post-ICI HG (pIHG) beyond autoimmune diabetes (DM). We hypothesized that: (1)Pts with pIHG are more likely to have steroid exposure, pre-existing DM, and obesity (body mass index ≥30kg/m2); (2)A subset of pts have pIHG that cannot be explained by autoimmune DM or steroid use. We analyzed a cohort of 411 cancer pts on ICIs between 2011 and 2017 at our institution. We included pts who had ≥3 post-ICI glucose measurements. We defined pIHG as a random glucose >200mg/dL from ICI initiation up to 6 months after cessation. We recorded DM diagnosis and steroid exposure as documented in the medical record. We compared pts with and without pIHG using the Fisher's exact test. 385 pts had post-ICI glucose data. 105 (27.3%) had pIHG. Compared to those without pIHG, pIHG pts were more likely to be male (71% vs. 59%, p=0.04), to have pre-existing DM (54% vs. 10%, p In conclusion, pIHG occurred in over a quarter of pts. Risk factors for pIHG included pre-existing DM and obesity. The majority of new pIHG was related to steroid use. However, a subset of pts had new HG that may be related to ICI therapy, suggesting that ICIs may have a role in immune-related insulin resistance. Disclosure A. Leiter: None. E. Carroll: None. D.C. Brooks: None. J. Ben Shimol: None. E. Eisenberg: None. M. Galsky: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc. E. Gallagher: Advisory Panel; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Funding National Cancer Institute (P30CA196521, K08CA190770)


Objective This study was conducted to analyze the lab monitoring results of flu occurring in winter and spring from 2004 to 2005 in Shiyan City and probe into the epidemiological features of flu in the city of Shiyan for the formulation of effective regimen for its prevention and control. Methods Serum samples were collected from healthy population in Shiyan City from Aug. to Sept. of 2004 and flu antibody was detected. 5-10 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected every week from flu-like patients in hospitals as surveillance sites for isolation of flu viruses with MDCK cells. Results It was found that type A3(H3N2)had the highest positive rate (92.00%)(GMT 76.74), with type A1(H1N1)having a positive rate of 35.00%(GMT 11.10)and type B of 18.00%(GMT 6.64), being the lowest, as far as flu antibody levels in healthy population were concerned. Pathogenic surveillance showed that type B was predominant in winter and spring with 3 virulent strains of A3(H3N2)subtype also isolated. Conclusion It is seen that type A3 flu antibody level is high in population in Shiyan City, type B and A1 flu antibody level quite low. The isolation rate of type B flu virus is high in the population and particular attention is to be paid to its prevention.


The article explores the question of the productivity of early modern painters in the Low countries and the prices of their works via an examination of a studio notebook compiled by the 18th-century Belgian painter Maximiliaan de Hase. Known as a "Memorie boeck," or Memorandum book, the manuscript contains detailed information regarding the artist's activities and earnings. The author suggests that similar notebooks by other artists can provide important data regarding the early modern art market in the Low Countries.


This paper addresses the potential applications of commercial remote sensing (CRS) technologies for bridge monitoring. High resolution optical-photonic images can provide bridge damage information including through-deck collision damages, large permanent deformations, overload cracking and surface erosions, as well as surrounding environmental information. This paper summaries bridge issues that can be detected from high resolution remote sensing imageries based on visual interpretation as guidance for remote sensing imagery based bridge inspection, and the development of future automatic detection methods. A LiDAR based automatic bridge evaluation system LiBE (LiDAR Bridge Evaluation) is introduced in this paper with an application example of a test bridge maintained by the Los Angeles County (CA) Department of Public Works. Laser scanning techniques have also been used for bridge load testing in a new bridge near Charlotte, NC and maintained by the North Carolina DOT. The primary results of these preliminary tests are also presented. Remote sensing techniques are introduced as a supplement to the existing, required visual bridge inspections.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The P2Y1 receptor promotes chloride secretion in epithelial cells, a process critical for regulation of extracellular ion and fluid levels. Here we have examined the role of phosphorylation in agonist‐induced internalization of P2Y1 receptors.


Screening investigation of the lung function should be performed in all tuberculosis institutions while its detailed investigation should be performed in regional, territory and republican dispensaries. The minimum allowable scope of physiological information in screening investigations includes the main spirometric indices. More complete and consequently more desirable scope of information includes the main spirometric indices and the data on the curves of the flow-volume of forced expiration. Spirometry, registration of the curves of the flow-volume of forced expiration, determination of residual and total lung capacity, measuring of the gaseous levels, estimation of the blood acid-base equilibrium and pharmacological and loading tests are the obligatory investigations for regional, territory and republican dispensaries.


The synthesis of aspirin in the late nineteenth century marked the development of what was to become the most widely used household analgesic in the twentieth century. However, with the increased understanding of the major role of platelets in vascular occlusion over the last ten years, the importance of aspirin as an antiplatelet drug and, consequently, its applications in reducing the risks of thrombotic vascular events, have received major attention.


1. The problem of the labour laws in Korea is to step up to match the international standard. Korea has been criticized by falling behind in legislation to shorten one og the longest working hours in the world while it is a member of OECD, which would not be desirable for the future of the country. Korea is asked to revise the current laws to meet the international standard following ILO's recommendation. 2. We have experienced the retrogressive revisions of the labour laws since three primary labour laws were enacted in 1953. Industrial conflicts since then have continued as such undesirable amendments have brought the deterioration of the work environment as well as inhuman treatment against workers, and thus the protection of workers has fallen into the shade. The pending labour related laws in Korea lag behind in the international standard set by ILO. 3. A good indicator judging the level of the labour standard law in a country should be that the value for the life and the body of a worker is highly esteemed. In that sense, the situation in Korea is serious considering the casualties and the economic cost (out of industrial injury) has now hit Kwon 10trillion. Korea is also unjustly accused as a savage country by the fact that the number of workers who died from overwork is the highest in the world. The cause of such a disgrace should be on the shortage of watchdog out of only about 10% of union organizing rate owing to the intensified labour resulting from overheated competition as well as pursuit of profit and not any established administrative/penal responsibil! ! ity. 4. Every country initiate its own labour standard law enactment for the protection of workers who regarded as the weak socially as well as economically. In case of Korea however ignores 40 hour work week and a regular day off once a week, which are ILO's suggestion of agreement, by rather preparing conditions (Article 50-Clause 1&2/Article 52&54 of the labour standard law) with which the employer can force ite employees to extend the working hours if need be. In case of female worker, for example, the advanced countries in Europe and America observe the ILO agreement #103, Korea dose not however, to which the protection of mother's body being of prime concern, she can manage her household free fromcare of dis! ! missal with a short time working. 5. I think Korea heading toward an advanced country should enjoy the confidence of the international society by amending any laws in force fell short of the international standard, abolition of really existing discrimination including the irregular employment and also through legislation to meet ILO agreement and suggestion in advance of coming up to the standard in many advanced countries.


Immune and nonimmune causes of platelet refractoriness were evaluated in a group of patients receiving HLA‐selected single‐donor platelet transfusions. During a 1‐year observation period, 1 h and 24 h platelet recoveries were determined after 522 single‐donor platelet transfusions given to 43 patients persistently refractory to pooled random‐donor platelet transfusions. 72% of patients tested ultimately developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies suggesting they were alloimmunized. When significant lymphocytotoxic antibodies were demonstrable in these patients, HLA well‐matched platelet transfusions consistently produced good transfusion responses. In contrast, patients without lymphocytotoxic antibodies had clinical factors that adversely affected transfusion outcome (P < 0.0001). Fever and splenomegaly markedly reduced 1 h post‐transfusion platelet recoveries, while sepsis compromised the 24 h platelet recovery. Overall, the presence of any clinical factor was most likely to reduce 1 h platelet recovery, while donor‐recipient HLA incompatibilities correlated best with poor 24 h posttransfusion platelet recovery.