The postconstruction settlement of the bridge approach is usually uneven, which could create a bump in the roadway. Indeed, this is a typical situation at the end of the bridge approach and requires a solution. One of the main causes of postconstruction settlement is the creep of soil. This paper is aimed at generalizing a new design method for controlling highway postconstruction settlement by replacing subgrade with expanded polystyrene (EPS). In the new method, the creep coefficient can be calculated based on the Yin-Graham EVP model. Thus, the relationship between the overloading ratio (OLR) and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) is obtained. The new method involves five steps: (a) determine the creep coefficient based on the relationship between the creep coefficient and over consolidation ratio, (b) divide the ground into a suitable number of sublayers, (c) select groups of different overloading ratios and then calculate the average values of the additional stress and overconsolidation ratio for each sublayer under different OLRs, (d) calculate the postconstruction settlement under different OLRs, and (e) determine the replacement capacity for different sections. This method can be used for quantitative design according to different requirements of postconstruction settlement of foundation. Taking Huzhou Avenue as an example, the case study illustrates the calculation process of the new method in detail.


In terrestrial broadcast standards such as DVB-T2, channel interleaving is achieved through stacking several specific interleavers. Therefore, no global optimization is performed and bad interactions between the different interleavers sometimes occur. The aim of this study is to propose design criteria for channel interleavers based on span properties in the time and frequency domains and on the distribution of mutual information (MI).


Objective To valuate cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease (Caspase)-8 as a useful marker in predicting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis to brain.Methods Caspase-8 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 284 NSCLC patients who received surgery during Apr.2004 to Apr.2012.Time to brain metastasis was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method.Results There were 104 females and 180 males in the whole 284 patients.The average age was (62.5 ± 10.5) years (29-85 years).The median follow-up time was 29.5 months (12-108 months).There was 8.1% (23/284) of the patients who experienced brain metastasis.Brain metastasis was identified in 14.0% (15/107) patients in Caspase-8 high expression group,and only 4.5% (8/177) patients in low level group developed brain metastasis.Univariate logistic regression and multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated Caspase-8 was an independent variable affecting lung cancer brain metastasis.Elevated Caspase-8 predicted early spread to brain (Log-rank test,P < 0.05).Conclusion High level of Caspase-8 was associated with increased incidence of brain metastasis after surgery in NSCLC patients.Caspase-8 can be used as a biomarker for identification of patients at high risk of brain metastasis.

Key words:
Lung cancer;  Brain metastasis;  Cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-8


A composition for forming a resist underlayer film includes a polymer having a structural unit represented by a formula (1). Ar", Ari, Arand Areach independently representadivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent heteroaromatic group. A part or all of hydrogenatoms included in the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group and the divalent heteroaromatic group represented by Ar", Ar. Aror Ar" may be substituted. R" represents a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. A part or all of hydrogenatoms included in the divalent hydrocarbon group represented by R' may be substituted. The divalent hydrocarbon group repre sented by R' may have an ester group, an ether group or a carbonyl group in a structure thereof.Y represents a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group. m is 0 or 1. n is 0 or 1.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease.We have attempted diagnostic arthroscopy in a patient with RA associated with symptoms in the temporomandibular joint.Arthroscopic examination showed synovial hyperplasia, inflammation, chondromalacia, fibrosis, and adhesion of the upper joint space.A biopsy specimen was taken from one region with synovial hyperplasia, and the histological examination revealed chronic inflammatory changes.The histological findings were consistent with the arthroscopic findings.


An experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil of Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar (Gujarat) during the rabi season of 2011-12 to study the influence of weed control methods on yield, quality and economics in dill seed (Anethum graveolens L.) in randomized block design (RBD) with four replications and 10 weed control treatments comprising T1 : Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE, T2 : Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha PE, T3 : Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE+one hand weeding after 30 DAS, T4 : Oxadiargyl @ 50 g/ ha PoE at 20 DAS, T5 : Oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha PoE at 20 DAS, T6 : Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ ha PE+Oxadiargyl @ 50 g/ha PoE at 20 DAS, T7 : Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg/ha PE+Oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha PoE at 20 DAS, T8 : Weed free, T9 : Weedy check and T10 : Farmers' practice (One hand weeding+one interculturing at 30 DAS). Significantly maximum grain yield of 1294 kg/ha and stover yield of 2255 kg/ha were recorded in the treatment weed free. The treatment involving weed free resulted in significantly highest oil content of (3.95%) and oil yield (51.12 kg/ha). Treatment weed free secured maximum gross returns of Rs. 32356/ha. The lowest gross returns (Rs. 20963/ha) were recorded with treatment unweeded control. The highest net returns of Rs. 19309/ha and B : C ratio of 2.60 were recorded under treatment pendimethalin 0.5 kg/ha PE+oxadiargyl @ 75 g/ha PoE at 20 DAS. Treatment unweeded control registered the lowest net returns of Rs. 10618/ha and B : C ratio of 2.03.


Dennis Pluchinsky is a decorated career professional intelligence analyst who spent the bulk of his service in the United States Department of State focused on terrorism, experiencing numerous terr...


A debate that has been raging for 20 years about whether a certain interaction between photons can be used in quantum computing has taken a new twist, thanks to two physicists in Canada. The researchers have shown that it should be possible to use "cross-Kerr nonlinearities" to create a crossphase (CPHASE) quantum gate. Such a gate has two photons as its input and outputs them in an entangled state. CPHASE gates could play an important role in optical quantum computers of the future. [16]


Control approaches of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings have been proposed in the past years for minimizing energy consumption and maintaining occupants' comfort. However, recent studies have shown that context-driven control approaches using Internet of things and data stream processing technologies could further improve energy saving in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. In this article, an intelligent control approach using a state feedback technique is introduced to regulate the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system according to the actual context. The proposed thermal state feedback control was then implemented and deployed in our EEBLab to study its effectiveness in a real-setting scenario. The performance of the proposed control was evaluated in a real test-site by deploying a control card that links the controller with the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. A smart mobile application for real feedback control was also developed and deployed to dynamically adapt the controller to context's changes. The mobile application and the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system communicate and exchange data under a data acquisition and visualization platform. In this article, a holistic platform that combines Internet of things and data stream processing technologies was developed and deployed in a real-setting scenario. Experiments have been performed, and results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach in terms of energy saving while maintaining a comfortable room temperature. The proposed state feedback control outperforms the proportional–integral–derivative and ON/OFF approaches in terms of energy consumption while providing acceptable thermal comfort by allowing a neutral thermal sensation with ± 0.30 of predictive mean vote and less than 7% of predicted percentage of dissatisfaction.


Antibiotic production is a common attribute among soil bacteria, and examples can be found in the Gram-negative groups of pseudomonads and Erwinia strains, in Gram-positive bacteria within actinobacteria and myxobacteria, and in low guanine– cytosine (GþC) gram-positive groups such as Bacillus species. The actinobacteria are often regarded as notable antibiotic producers, as members of the class Actinobacteria synthesize some of the most economically important antibiotics still used clinically, including drugs such as erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, the antitumor agent daunorubicin, the immunosuppressant rapamycin, and the antihelminthic agent avermectin (Paradkar et al., 2003). In addition to these well-known antibiotics, members of one particular genus, Streptomyces, synthesize thousands more secondary metabolites. A screen of the Antibiotic Literature Database (ABL) indicated that Streptomyces strains were responsible for the biosynthesis of 32.1% of over 23,000 microbial products possessing some biological activity (Lazzarini et al., 2000). Genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis are clustered and regulated by a


Standardization is essential for innovation (on the impacts on design, manufacturing, and operation processes) and its dissemination, both within a country and internationally. A phenomenological information model has been developed for the system of standards, which will be used as an information base for integrated quality management systems, environmental safety, and energy saving depending on the type of products, requirements of technical regulations, and conformity assessment procedures. Phase portraits of the life cycle system of complex products were constructed, and a general expression for the Lyapunov exponents characterizing the overall behavior of the dynamic system in phase space was obtained. The presence of particular areas to which, regardless of the initial conditions, all phase trajectories rapidly evolve has been established. The critical conditions for the control parameters were found. A diagram was constructed that determines the stability of the system states of the life cycle of complex products. It was found that the processes of the life cycle of complex products are carried out in two stages: in the first, there is a rapid evolution of components and parameters of technical and software tools, as well as energetic elements of functional subsystems, which is reflected in a specific attractive section of phase portraits, in the second, further slow development along it.


This phenomenological study examines the subjective experiences of self-identified transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. 23 participants were interviewed in an open-ended format about their gendered experiences. The interview questions covered information about the participants' personal conceptualization of gender, the process of transforming their gender expression, the process of coming out, sources of stress and support, experiences of prejudice or discrimination, interactions with the medical and mental health fields respectively, and reactions concerning Gender Identity Disorder (GID) as a psychiatric diagnosis. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The following superordinate themes were identified through IPA: (a) a period of questioning, (b) the importance of support, (c) the binary myth, (d) social concerns, (e) trans visibility, (f) reactions to the LGBT connection, (g) healthcare limitations, (g) reactions to GID, and (h) post-transition considerations. Overwhelmingly, participants rejected the notion that alternative gender identities are synonymous with mental illness. The most commonly expressed belief by the participants was that informed and consenting adults, regardless of their gender identity, should have the final word about their bodies and their medical care. The results supported previous research related to gender as a social construct, rather than a biological determinant. The results also substantiated previous claims that transgender individuals frequently adhere to traditional gender presentations given the limited range of socially sanctioned gender identities. Directions for future research include a continued exploration of the detriment or benefit of retaining GID as a psychiatric diagnosis. It was also recommended that research aim to diversify transgender literature. Degree Type Dissertation Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. Comments Library Use: LIH This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/243 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the "Rights" section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see "Rights" on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license.] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific University Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. firstname.lastname@example.com This dissertation is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/243 BREAKING BINARY BOUNDARIES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF GENDER NONCONFORMITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY PACIFIC UNIVERSITY HILLSBORO, OREGON BY STACI A. WADE-HERNANDEZ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY


The Donnell equation of thin shell was applied to describe double cylindrical shells motion. The effect of the rings, annular pales and the fluid was treated as forces and moments on shells, which were presented in terms of the additional impedance. By using the mode expanding expression of shell's displacement, the sound and vibration transfer matrix between the inner and outer shell was constituted. The numerical analysis of mean square velocity of the outer shell was carried out. The result verified that the transfer matrix of the inner and outer shell was fixed, which was not influenced by excitation property. It offers the theoretical basis to predict the noise of double cylindrical shells.


Synthesis of square-planar trans dialkyl and alkyl aryl complexes of platinum(II), trans-Pt(R)(R′)(PPh3)2 (R = Me R′ = Et (2a); R = Me R′ = Ph (2b); R = R′ = Et (2c); R = Et R′ = Ph (2d)) was established employing transmelaiation of trans-Pt(R)(I)(PPh3)2 with Grignard reagents R′MgX. Complexes 2a-2c underwent stereoselective carbonylation to produce cis-Pt(R)(COR′)(PPh3)2 (R = Me R′ = Et (3a); R = Me R′ = Ph (3b); R = R′ = Et (3c)). These facile transformations were exclusive and quantitative. The reactivity of carbonylation followed the order Et > Ph > Me. A similar reaction of 2d with CO yielded EtC(O)Ph instead. The cis acyl alkyl or acyl aryl complexes 3a-3c suffered substitution of CO for a PPn3, leading to two isomers SP-4-3- and SP-4-4-Pt(PPb3)(CO)(COR′)(R) (R = Me R′ = Et (4a, 4a′); R - Me R′ = Ph (4b, 4b′); R = R′ = Et (4c, 4c′)), respectively. The reverse reactions of 4 to 3 readily occurred when external PPh3 was provided. The stereoselectivity of carbonylation of trans-Pt(R)(R′)(PPh3)2 is explained by a mechanism in which reversible displacement of a PPh3 by CO in the reactant precedes to form a four-coordinate dialkyl carbonyl intermediate Pt(PPh3)(CO)(R)(R′). The ensuing alkyl (or aryl) migration from metal to the carbonyl carbon achieves the cis acyl alkyl (or aryl) configuration. Recoordination of a PPh3 completes the reaction. X-ray structures of 2b, 2c, 3b and 4b as single crystals are provided.


Large scale classical molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to study the primary damage state due to a-decay self irradiation in UO{sub 2} matrix. Simulations of energetic displacement cascades up to the realistic energy of the recoil nucleus at 80 keV provide new informations on defect production, their spatial distribution and their clustering. The discrepancy with the classical linear theory NRT (Norton-Robinson-Torrens) law on the creation of the number of point defects is discussed. Study of cascade overlap sequence shows a saturation of the number of point defects created as the dose increases. Toward the end of the overlap sequence, large stable clusters of vacancies are observed. The values of athermal diffusion coefficients coming from the ballistic collisions and the additional point defects created during the cascades are estimated from these simulations to be, in all the cases, less than 10-26 m{sup 2}/s. Finally, the influence of a grain boundary of type Sigma 5 is analysed. It has been found that the energy of the cascades are dissipated along the interface and that most of the point defects are created at the grain boundary. (authors)


ABSTRACT This study explores how the socio-cultural aspects of Nowruz are resemiotised to represent, orient and organize ideological constructs in Tehran's "Fatemi Spring" billboards. These billboards are semiotic constructs with mixed messages about the coincidence of the Iranian new year festival of Nowruz at the beginning of spring and the Shia religious mourning on the occasion of the passing away of the holy prophet's daughter Fateme, known as the Fatemiye period. Based on an integrated social semiotics approach, the study draws on multimodal analysis to elucidate the way semiotic resources are used for ideological transition within this discursive context. Quantitative enquiry methods are applied to illuminate the meaning construction processes shaped by the research corpus. The results show that in the generic discourse of Fatemi Spring billboards, the elements of Fatemiye mourning that belong to Shia beliefs are mostly preferred and the natural elements of spring are replaced by the Nowruz celebration rituals. Thus, people in power (billboard designers) appear to apply these ideological structures as a means to exercise discursive control over Tehran citizens.


A low cost wired glove system is developed by designing a new glove which has the similar function with the conventional dataglove and has been named as GloveMAP. The system involves the finger movements with some of activities to control the direction of the two wheels mobile robot. Flexible bend sensors are attached to the index and middle fingers to obtain the voltage changes from the different activities of fingers bending. The proposed systems successfully navigate the two wheels mobile robot by the combination of voltage changes from these two fingers to give the instruction for right, left, forward and backward directions.


Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a huge loss of human life worldwide and presents an unprecedented challenge to public health, food systems and the world of work. Tens of millions of people are at risk of falling into extreme poverty due to loss of their carriers. Mainly, the people who work in public places are impacted due to this decease. The frontline warriors such as doctors, health workers, sweepers and policemen showed their effort to reduce the spreading of the virus. In this paper gives the detailed view of how the corona virus evaluated and how it spread from one person to another person and how we prevent this virus. The purpose of the paper, detailed about the diagnosis of the virus in the human body. There are some tests associated to know the presence of virus in our body; these are nose test, chest scan and CT scan of lungs.

Design/methodology/approach
Molecular analysis methods such as antibody or enzyme tests are used to assess whether the infection is present. The most common lancing techniques include using a cotton swab is in the back of the neck. Then hands over the sample to the doctor for examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed on the sample. This test screens for viral DNA. A CO19 PCR test can detect unique SARS-2 gene products. If one of these genes is ignored, it will return as an invalid result This test is useful only for patients who are already suffering from COVID-19. You cannot know if anyone has the infection, and they cannot say for sure whether they ever did. Serological tests are particularly useful for detecting cases of infection with mild or no symptom.

Findings
In this paper, the different tests provided to diagnosis the virus and the prevention measures to be taken to prevent the virus from spreading from one person to another are explained.

Originality/value
This work presents the original contribution and information of the COVID-19 pandemic.


The article examines current approaches to phonetic expressive means in language and text put forward by Russian and foreign scholars. The issues of heterogeneity of phonetically expressive words within the group of sound symbolic lexis of language are regarded. The characteristics of interpretation of cases of actualization of the phonetic language level units in the literary text in various scientific trends are revealed; the problem of terms variety is considered. The author of the article points out that certain methods of analysis of the phonostylistic component of the literary text are not quite informative and suggests possible approaches to further investigation of this kind of data in the text.


In exercise, little is known about local cere bral glucose utilization (LCGU), which is an index of functional neurogenic activity. We measured LCGU in resting and running (=85% of maximum O2 uptake) rats (n = 7 in both groups) previously equipped with a tail artery catheter. LCGU was measured quantitatively from 2-deoxY-D-[1-14C]glucose autoradiographs. During exer cise, total cerebral glucose utilization (TCGU) increased by 38% (p < 0.005). LCGU increased (p < 0.05) in areas involved in motor function (motor cortex 39%, cerebel lum = 110%, basal ganglia =30%, substantia nigra =37%, and in the following nuclei: subthalamic 47%, posterior hypothalamic 74%, red 61%, ambiguus 43%, pontine 61 %), areas involved in sensory function (somatosensory 27%, auditory 32%, and visual cortex 42%, thalamus =75%, and in the following nuclei: Darkschewitsch 22%, cochlear 51%, vestibular 30%, superior olive 23%, cu-Pronounced motor, sensory, and autonomic ad aptation is known to occur in response to both static and dynamic exercise. Such changes must be thought to evoke marked regional changes in cere bral functional activity, but little is known about the effect of exercise on regional cerebral blood flow and in particular on regional cerebral metabolism, which are both indexes of the functional activity of regional neurons (Sokoloff, 1991, 1992). Results from investigations on cerebral blood flow during dynamic exercise are conflicting. Thus, in response to dynamic exercise, cerebral blood flow measure ments using the 133Xe washout technique, which 729 neate 115%), areas involved in autonomic function (dor sal raphe nucleus 30%, and areas in the hypothalamus =35%, amygdala =35%, and hippocampus 29%), and in white matter of the corpus callosum (36%) and cerebel lum (52%). LCGU did not change with exercise in pre frontal and frontal cortex, cingulum, inferior olive, nu cleus of solitary tract and median raphe, lateral septal and interpenduncular nuclei, or in areas of the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Glucose utilization did not decrease during exercise in any of the studied cerebral regions. In summary, heavy dynamic exercise increases TCGU and evokes marked differential changes in LCGU. The findings provide clues to the cerebral areas that par ticipate in the large motor, sensory, and autonomic adap tation occurring in exercise. Key Words: Autoradiogra phy-Brain glucose metabolism-2-Deoxyglucose. primarily measures cortical blood flow, have shown increased flow (Herholz et aI., 1987; Thomas et aI., 1989) or no change in flow (Globus et aI., 1983). The radioactive microsphere method shows no change in …


The Litang fault zone (LFZ) is an active fault zone within the northwestern Sichuan sub-block. Field investigation reveals new evidence for its late Quaternary offset, neoteric earthquake ruptures and surface-rupturing segmentation, from which long-term slip-rates, characteristic earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals on the fault zone are estimated. This study shows that the LFZ consists of three subordinate faults, and they are the northern Maoyaba fault, Litang fault and Kangga-Dewu fault, respectively. All of them are dominated by leftlateral strike-slip with reverse dipslip component on different segments. Based on offset landforms and ages of relevant deposits collected from seven sites, it is estimated that the average leftlateral slip-rate on the LFZ reaches 4.0±1.0 mm/a in the past 14 ka BP, and vertical (reverse) dipslip rate in the range of 0.1-1.8 mm/a. Three subordinate faults are independent earthquake rupturing segments, on which the maximum moment magnitude of the characteristic earthquakes is estimated to be 7.0–7.3, and their average recurrence interval to be 500–1000 a. The latest earthquake ruptures occurred 119±2 years ago on the northern Maoyaba fault, about 1890 AD on the Litang fault, and in 1948 AD on the Kangga-Dewu fault, and this may indicate a unidirectional migration for surface rupturing earthquakes along the Litang fault zone, related to stress triggering between the segments.


Wide-tuning-range voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) design is motivated by applications in broadband communications, radars, phase-locked loops and clock generation/distribution. In this paper, post-layout simulation results of a ring quadrature VCO (QVCO) combined with an exclusive-OR (XOR) to double the frequency in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology are presented. The combined VCO can be tuned from 0.8 to 13.4GHz. At 0.8GHz, the VCO consumes 13.98mW of power and generates −45 dBm (32nW) of output power into 50 Ohm loads. At 13.4GHz, it consumes 15.52mW of power and generates −30 dBm (1µW) of output power. In the tuning range, the XOR consumes ∼11mW of power. The VCO phase noise at 10MHz offset frequency is −100.1dBc/Hz and −91.5dBc/Hz at 0.8GHz and 13.4GHz, respectively. The VCO figure of merit (FOM) is in the range of −127 to −142. The microchip area is 450×450µm2.


The standing-wave method was used to measure the radar cross section σ of a flat piece of ground on which stood a single tree. Measurements were made at 26 MHz at angles of elevation γ up to 22.5 degrees, by raising the transmitting antenna with a balloon and moving the receiving probe along the transmitter-target line by means of ropes. For horizontal polarization, σ was a smoothly increasing function of γ. For "vertical" polarization (polarization parallel to the plane of incidence on the ground), σ increased rapidly up to 10 degrees, then became fairly constant with a value of 6 m2. The sudden change in the slope of σ(γ) is the knee effect suggested by previous observations. The Brewster angle was 14 degrees, consistent with a theory that the knee should occur a few degrees below the Brewster angle. Below 15 degrees, the cross section for vertical polarization was greater than that for horizontal polarization by as much as 30 dB.


Two examples of the effect of convergence on infrared spectra are presented. In the first case a sample has absorbing dipoles oriented parallel to a unique axis and randomly oriented in a plane perpendicular to that axis. The incident radiation is perpendicular to the unique axis. Such samples are shown to have slightly different dichroic ratios for convergent radiation than for parallel radiation. An error in the literature concerning this case is pointed out.In the second case a uniaxial crystal having absorbing dipoles parallel to the unique axis is shown to absorb convergent radiation when the radiation comes toward the sample along the unique axis. This absorption which is not observed for parallel radiation may reach a maximum of 53 to 56% depending on the degree of convergence, the thickness of the sample, and the strength of the absorbing dipole. The frequency of the band observed because of the effect of convergence may also be appreciably higher than that for the allowed transition.


Face recognition is an extremely challenging task with the presence of expression, orientation, and lightning variation. This paper presents a novel expression and pose invariant feature descriptor by combining Daubechies discrete wavelets transform and lower order pseudo Zernike moments. A novel normalization method is also proposed to obtain illumination invariance. The proposed method can recognize face images regardless of facial orientation, expression, and illumination variation using small number of features. An extensive experimental investigation is conducted using a large variation of facial orientation, expression, and illumination to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results confirm that the proposed approach obtains high recognition accuracy and computational efficiency under different pose, expression, and illumination conditions.


The research is based on change management organizational methodologies, focused towards the transformation and continuous improvement in state organization. In order to know the characteristics of a change process, the research define the theoretical framework, exchange rates, agents types and resistance. subsequently, show a sample of management tools and models that support the development of a successful change process to maximize the organization benefits. demonstrates the theoretical framework applicability with a series of activities required to implement the change in the state organization.


Let P be a point inside a convex quadrilateral ABCD. The lines from P to the vertices of the quadrilateral divide the quadrilateral into four triangles. If we locate a triangle center in each of these triangles, the four triangle centers form another quadrilateral called a central quadrilateral. For each of various shaped quadrilaterals, and each of 1000 different triangle centers, we compare the reference quadrilateral to the central quadrilateral. Using a computer, we determine how the two quadrilaterals are related. For example, we test to see if the two quadrilaterals are congruent, similar, have the same area, or have the same perimeter. We also look for such relationships when P is a special point associated with the reference quadrilateral, such as being the diagonal point, Steiner point, or Poncelet point.


Objective To study the difference of hepatitis B x antigen(HBxAg) expression level in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected placenta and normal placenta and then discuss the possible role of HBxAg in intrauterine infection.Methods We selected 24 full-term pregnant women who had been verified with intrauterine infection [hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive] as the infected group and 10 normal full-term pregnant women as the control group.We used immunohistochemical staining method(SP staining method) to test the expression of HBxAg in trophoblastic cells and TUNEL method to detect apoptosis level.Results There was HBxAg expression in HBV-infected placenta;and the optical-density value in the high copy group(HBV-DNA copy level 1×103 copy/mL) was significantly higher than that in the low copy group(HBV-DNA copy level 1×103copy/mL)(P0.05).TUNEL results showed that the apoptosis index was obviously higher in the normal group and the low copy group than in the high copy group(P0.01).Conclusion HBxAg/antiapoptotic action in full-term pregnant women who have been infected by high level of HBV-DNA is a possible mechanism of intrauterine infection;and the pregnant women with negative HBV-DNA have different mechanisms.


This article examines sexuality anti-discrimination law in Australia. In particular, it focuses on a recent law reform proposal, the Sexuality Discrimination Bill 1995 (Cth.) and a parliamentary inquiry into that Bill. It analyses the Bill as reinscribing heteronormativity, and analyses the inquiry process as producing extremely oppositional visions of sexual identity. It also analyses the submissions to the inquiry, in order to illustrate what lesbians and gay men thought should be included in the Bill. Finally, it addresses the relationship between queer theory and legal activism.


Recruitment at Chinese firms involves extensive screening of job applicants' personal backgrounds in order to hire the most desirable workers. The exact rationale and nature of this practice is unclear. This study evaluates the market and regulatory conditions in which employers make their screening decisions, and coins four motives for this practice in the Chinese economy – statistical, customer taste-based, employer taste-based and regulatory. The study also documents the prevalence and the extent of this practice, its observable determinants, and implications for firms' performance. Statistical and regulatory screening appears the most prevalent, by the number of factors screened and number of firms conducting it. Statistical screening is significantly positively related to firms' capital and skill intensity, market power and private ownership, and negatively related to the supply of skills in relevant labor markets. Regulatory screening is well explained, positively, by firms' market power, capital intensity, and public ownership, and negatively by firms' operations abroad. Customer-taste screening is most prevalent in the service and sales industries, and in wealthy first-tier cities. The best predictors of employer-taste screening are firms' ownership and non-strategic nature of industries. This study suggests that recent reforms of national equal-opportunity laws have not made a sufficient leap to protect workers of private or state-owned enterprises. This is due to lacking clarity regarding the prohibited forms of discrimination, and weak enforcement and dispute-resolution mechanisms, plausibly attributable to the acceptance of the status quo by regulators.


PurposePlus-size women represent a large consumer segment that has grown in popularity with the fashion industry, retailers and advertisers. Despite advancements in clothing availability for plus-sized women, the shopping experience for these women (compared with that of straight-size women) often still falls short. The current experience leaves plus-sized women feel like a second-class, minority group despite the fact that the majority of women in USA are considered plus-size. The purpose of this study was to assess how US-based, value- and mid-market online clothing retailers position their plus-size female clothing sections in their site navigation.Design/methodology/approachThis study assessed the websites of N = 68 popular plus- and straight-sized US-based, value- and mid-market retailers to evaluate the placement of, and options available in, their plus-sized clothing sections.FindingsFindings revealed that the majority of retailers completely separated out the plus-sized section from the straight-sized section and that the language used to describe plus-size clothing was body-focused (versus clothing-focused for straight-size clothing sections). Theoretical and practical implications for marketers, advertisers and retailers are discussed.Originality/valueThis is the first study to assess the separation of plus- and straight-sized clothing sections in online retail spaces. As brands begin to consider combining plus- and straight-sized clothing sections (see Old Navy), it is important to assess how wide-spread the separation of sections currently is in online retail environments.


"Bona Fides" is a well known principle, internationally important as is being set in national laws and international treaties and convections. Dating from Roman law, this principle is used nowadays specially in contract laws by determining honest and fair behavior and lack of bad faith between the parties. Although the Albanian Civil Code provides no definition about good faith, requires it in pre - contractual phase. This paper aims to analyze pre - contractual phase, in all constituent elements provided by the Albanian legislation and the way the parties should behave with each other, without causing damages, showing the required good faith. The pre - contractual responsibility shall be determined by reference to the observance and implementation of "Bona Fides" Principle. The paper will treat the forms of good faith and the difficulties in understanding the existence or the lack of good faith being necessary to treat each case as unique. This paper will be realized by using doctrinal definitions, interpreting court cases and foreign legislation. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n9p481


In northwestern North America, the milliped family Nearctodesmidae is comprised of four genera, Nearctodesmus Silvestri, Kepolydesmus Chamberlin, Ergodesmus Chamberlin, and Bistolodesmus, new genus, and six species, N. insulans (Chamberlin), N. cerasinus (Wood), N. salix Chamberlin, K. anderisus Chamberlin, E. compactus Chamberlin, and B. bonikus (Chamberlin). These species occur along the Pacific coast from San Francisco Bay to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, including all offshore island groups, with an eastward extension into Lewis and Clark County, Montana, east of the Continental Divide. An allopatric population of N. insulanus occurs in the Shuswap Highlands of British Columbia, and an allopatric species, E. remingtoni (Hoffman), inhabits caves in western and southern Illinois. The principal taxonomic characters are the number of secondary projections from the gonopodal telopodite, the configuration of the longer of these, and the length and configuration of the distal zone of the acropodite. Polyd...


Diversity and diversity management in multicultural workforce is increasingly becoming an important issue for the business in the era of globalization. It affects the productivity and efficiency of the workforce in general. The purpose of the study is to encompass the dimensions of diversity management in a practical company. Particularly, the study shed light on the diversity management issue of a multinational organization. We have analysed the diversity management journey of Hp from the beginning till now giving particular focus on diversity dimensions and strategies. The paper also highlights the theoretical aspect of 'paradigms of diversity management' and its application to Hp. We have analysed Hp's diversity inclusion model and its own way of managing diversity in multicultural workforce. The findings of the study will be beneficial for the Bangladeshi organisation as it provides some guidelines and recommendations of diversity management. We find strong multicultural workforce diversity in the Hp operation and a variety of workforce diversity within the company.


We discuss a reciprocity law of finite Galois extension fields defied by odd degree irreducible polynomials f(x) = x + a1x 2g + a2x 2g−1 + · · ·+ a2gx+ a2g+1 over algebraic integer ring OK of an algebraic field K ([K : Q] < ∞). Let p be a prime ideal of OK which is relatively prime to 2 and conductor F = {α ∈ OK(θ)| (α)OK(θ) ⊂ OK [θ], where f(θ) = 0 and θ ∈ Kf}. Then our reciprocity law says that p splits completely over the minimal splitting field Kf of f(x) over K if and only if Jf,p(2) ∼= Z/2Z ⊕2g , where Jf,p is a Jacobian Variety of a projective non-singular irreducible model of y = f(x) over OK/p and Jf,p(2) is 2-torsion rational points of Jf,p over OK/p. As an interesting corollary, Galois group Gal(Kf/K) is a subgroup of general linear group GL2g(F2).


This research aims to determine and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of school operational assistance (BOS) in the unit of primary education in the Demta district in 2017- 2018. The type of research used in this research is a type of quantitative research with the buzz using descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques are conducted by spreading questionnaires, documentation, and literature research. This research data is the result of observations in the field,through the dissemination of questionnaires and presentation of data scientifically is a report of the realization of the budget of income and the school spending in the district of Demta. The data was obtained from SD YPK Muris as one of the schools that became samples of research. The theory used to know and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of fund management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) is the analysis and calculation of the level of effectiveness and efficiency. Based on the results showed that the level or criteria of the effectiveness of the BOS Funds Management in basic education unit in the district Demta said to be in the criteria is very effective in2017 and the year 2018 is said to be ineffective. In the management of the School Operational Assistance (BOS) as a whole is said to be efficient enough in 2017 and 2018 BOS funds managementhas been said to be efficient.


Quantum control relies on the driving of quantum states without the loss of coherence, thus the leakage of quantum properties into the environment over time is a fundamental challenge. One work-around is to implement fast protocols, hence the Minimal Control Time (MCT) is of upmost importance. Here, we employ a machine learning network in order to estimate the MCT in a state transfer protocol. An unsupervised learning approach is considered by using a combination of an autoencoder network with the k-means clustering tool. The Landau–Zener (LZ) Hamiltonian is analyzed given that it has an analytical MCT and a distinctive topology change in the control landscape when the total evolution time is either under or over the MCT. We obtain that the network is able to not only produce an estimation of the MCT but also gains an understanding of the landscape's topologies. Similar results are found for the generalized LZ Hamiltonian while limitations to our very simple architecture were encountered.


Our previous studies showed that the high- g barrel roll (HGB) maneuver generally produces very large miss distanceagainstproportionalnavigationmissiles.Theperformanceofthismaneuverisdiscussedfromtheviewpoint of optimal control. Numerically obtained three-dimensional optimal evasive maneuvers of a e ghter against a proportional navigation missile were those of vertical-S type and horizontal-S type, which are two dimensional in nature. It is shown that the HGB is regarded as a kind of approximation of these optimal maneuvers; however, the HGB is easier to implement than the optimal maneuvers, and we may still insist on the practical effectiveness of the HGB. Nomenclature acmax = missile lateral acceleration command limit ap, ay, apc, ayc = missile pitch- and yaw-axis lateral accelerations and their command signals at = aircraft normal acceleration g = acceleration of gravity h = altitude


Single‐layer graphene containing molecular‐sized in‐plane pores is regarded as a promising membrane material for high‐performance gas separations due to its atomic thickness and low gas transport resistance. However, typical etching‐based pore generation methods cannot decouple pore nucleation and pore growth, resulting in a trade‐off between high areal pore density and high selectivity. In contrast, intrinsic pores in graphene formed during chemical vapor deposition are not created by etching. Therefore, intrinsically porous graphene can exhibit high pore density while maintaining its gas selectivity. In this work, the density of intrinsic graphene pores is systematically controlled for the first time, while appropriate pore sizes for gas sieving are precisely maintained. As a result, single‐layer graphene membranes with the highest H2/CH4 separation performances recorded to date (H2 permeance > 4000 GPU and H2/CH4 selectivity > 2000) are fabricated by manipulating growth temperature, precursor concentration, and non‐covalent decoration of the graphene surface. Moreover, it is identified that nanoscale molecular fouling of the graphene surface during gas separation where graphene pores are partially blocked by hydrocarbon contaminants under experimental conditions, controls both selectivity and temperature dependent permeance. Overall, the direct synthesis of porous single‐layer graphene exploits its tremendous potential as high‐performance gas‐sieving membranes.


Four years ago was the last time the ISBSG database was used to compare the effort prediction accuracy between cross-company and within-company cost models. Since then more than 2,000 projects have been volunteered to this database, which may have changed the trends previously observed. This paper therefore replicates a previous study by investigating how successful a cross-company cost model is: i) to estimate effort for projects that belong to a single company and were not used to build the cross-company model; ii) compared to a within-company cost model. Our within-company data set had data on 184 software projects from a single company and our cross-company data set employed data on 672 software projects. Our results did not corroborate those from the previous study, showing that predictions based on the within-company model were not significantly more accurate than those based on the cross-company model. We analysed the data using forward stepwise regression


We present a molecular dynamics simulation method for the computation of the solubility of organic crystals in solution. The solubility is calculated based on the equilibrium free energy difference between the solvated solute and its crystallized state at the crystal surface kink site. In order to efficiently sample the growth and dissolution process, we have carried out well-tempered Metadynamics simulations with a collective variable that captures the slow degrees of freedom, namely the solute diffusion to and adsorption at the kink site together with the desolvation of the kink site. Simulations were performed at different solution concentrations using constant chemical potential molecular dynamics and the solubility was identified at the concentration at which the free energy values between the grown and dissolved kink states were equal. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by its success in reproducing the experimental trends of solubility of urea and naphthalene in a variety of solvents.


We report interferometric and ablation grating based approaches of high temperature sensing using suspended core fibers. The use of undoped silica as the single fiber material allows sensing up to the deformation temperature (~1300°C) of silica.


Although it ranks amongst the oldest of problems in classical general relativity, the challenge of finding new exact solutions for spherically symmetric perfect fluid spacetimes is still ongoing because of a paucity of solutions which exhibit the necessary qualitative features compatible with observational evidence. The problem amounts to solving a system of three partial differential equations in four variables, which means that any one of four geometric or dynamical quantities must be specified at the outset and the others should follow by integration. The condition of pressure isotropy yields a differential equation that may be interpreted as second-order in one of the space variables or also as first-order Ricatti type in the other space variable. This second option has been fruitful in allowing us to construct an algorithm to generate a complete solution to the Einstein field equations once a geometric variable is specified ab initio. We then demonstrate the construction of previously unreported solutions and examine these for physical plausibility as candidates to represent real matter. In particular we demand positive definiteness of pressure, density as well as a subluminal sound speed. Additionally, we require the existence of a hypersurface of vanishing pressure to identify a radius for the closed distribution of fluid. Finally, we examine the energy conditions. We exhibit models which display all of these elementary physical requirements.


We examine survey-based evidence on the desired wage compensation of non-regular workers in response to employment insecurity and work flexibility. Comparing the compensation rate by work status, contract workers ask for the highest rate for employment insecurity while part time workers ask for the highest rate for work flexibility. We investigate the determinants of the compensation. Female, aged (over age 50), and risk averse workers are likely to ask for more compensation. Non-regular workers who have experienced regular work or are looking for regular work ask for more compensation for job insecurity, while part time workers ask for more compensation for work flexibility. Estimating wage equations of non-regular workers shows that part time workers or married female workers received negative wage premiums, which can be interpreted as evidence consistent with work-life balance from the viewpoint of compensating wage differentials. The effect of job insecurity on wages is not clear.


(57) Abstract: The present invention broadly be easily synthesized from anthranilic acid 1,3-dithiol 2-ylium tetrafluoroborate and (BDTF) as appropriate with macrolide antibiotics as a protecting group of the oxime clarithromycin having a antibacterial provides a method for producing a high purity and high yield. Further, by the present invention which is generated 1,3-dithiol 2- sulfonic acid (BDSA) group to form a salt of clarithromycin, the salt is precipitated as soon as crystals in the reaction solution, purified to provide a method capable of stages remarkably to simplify the production of clarithromycin by.


In order to analyze the problem of neutral-point voltage balance which is caused essentially by the three-level inverter,a math model of three-level inverter is built.The influence of different voltage vectors on the neutral-point voltage is analyzed.A hysteresis SVPWM balancing the neutral-point voltage is studied by experiment.The comparison to the conventional SVPWM verifies the validity of the hystersis SVPWM.


Objective In order to meet the demands of reform and development of transfusion medicine, actively explore the safe and scientific blood management model, achieve the clinical blood transfusion management process control and improve the safety of clinical blood transfusion. Methods The system used the C/S structure, PB8.0 development tool, ORACLE8i database based on Windows 2000Server, and the developing blood bank management information system was used in the blood transfusion department. Results The management system standardized the clinical transfusion and improved the working efficiency of blood transfusion, helped to improve continuously the management of blood transfusion department. Conclusion We realize the importance of computer information system in the management of blood transfusion. It should be fully used in the clinical blood management to eliminate the hidden troubles in clinical blood use.

Key words:
Computer;  Information system;  Blood transfusion management


A complete 6 x 6 diallel mating design was followed to assess the genetic components for different traits in maize (Zea mays L.). Parents and F1 generations were sown in RCBD with three replications in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2012. The data regarding plant height, leaf area, number of kernels per ear, stomatal size, stomatal frequency, leaf venation and 100-grain weight in maize were recorded at maturity to assess the genetic components and combining abilities. Analysis of variance was done to assess the significance of genetic differences among genotypes. Graphical approach used for diallel studies showed that most of the traits studied were under control of additive gene action. Plant height, leaf area, stomatal frequency and stomatal size were found under control of non-additive gene action. Whereas ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels per ear, number of kernels per row, leaf venation and 100-grain weight were under control of additive gene action.


—This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of parent education and the student learning achievement. The method used is quantitative approach. The data was collected using the students' personal document and the students' semester academic report. The population is the seventh grade students of Muhammadiyah Pleret Middle School in Bantul Regency. The random sampling technique was used. The educational background undertaken by parents is influenced by a guided environment, especially the educational experience in schools so as to achieve social skills and develop responsible personalities.


This is a treatise discussing the role and procedure of classification as well as several related concepts and issues in social research. To appraise any phenomenon, according to Mukherjee, one should answer four fundamental questions: What it is? How is it? Why is it? and What will it be? With reference to a system of variation in a phenomenon, descriptive research answers the questions ''what is it?" and "how is it?", explanatory research answers additionally the question "why is it?", and diagnostic research answers furthermore the question "what will it be?".


The balance of liming and fertilization with nitrogen and zinc affects production of Brachiaria decumbens. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of...


Many systemic drugs are associated with ocular side effects including retinopathy. In most cases the loss of visual function is minimal or even reversible, however, rarely the vision loss is profound and permanent, as is the case with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). HCQ was initially synthesized in 1946 and proposed as a safer alternative to chloroquine for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria.1 During the Second World War, the beneficial effect of HCQ in autoimmune diseases was discovered.1 Since then, and despite various advances in the treatment of rheumatological disease, HCQ is still commonly used in the management of a variety of autoimmune disorders as it is well tolerated and has a perceived favorable safety profile.2 Retinal toxicity with irreversible vision loss from HCQ use has been well documented in the literature.3–5 HCQ retinopathy is classically characterized by bilateral bull's-eye maculopathy, which represents a ring of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) depigmentation that spares a foveal island (Fig. 1A). These changes, after occurrence, are usually irreversible and often associated with worsening and further loss of visual function even after the drug has been stopped.6,7 It is currently accepted that older studies underestimated the prevalence of HCQ retinopathy as cases were usually detected in advanced stages when apparent on fundus examination.4,8–11 In 2002, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) released recommendations on screening for HCQ retinopathy which includes Automated Threshold Visual Fields 10-2 (HVF 10-2) and fundus examination.10 Following the introduction of new imaging modalities, the incidence of HCQ retinopathy was found to be much higher than previously thought.3 In 2014, Melles et al4 found the overall prevalence


Ginzton's impedance method of Q-factor measurement is adapted to network analyzer techniques. The circuit model of the resonator incorporates also an external reactance which varies linearly with frequency to take into account the effects of the coupling mechanism and the influence of the distant resonant modes.


The phytoplankton communities of Lake Kuchane, located in the Mikhailovskoye Museum-Reserve, were studied during different 2016–2017 seasons for the first time. 213 specific and intraspecific taxa from 9 phylums were identified in the phytoplankton, namely: Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Euglenophyta, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, Charophyta, and Xanthophyta. The ratio of the main phylums of microalgae during the studied seasons was similar. The floristic complex of the lake's algoflora consisted of diatoms (36.6%), green (27.2%) and golden (10.8%) algae. Most of the phytoplankton genera contained one species taxon only. The specific composition of the phytoplankton community in 2017 was similar from spring to autumn. The minimum specific similarity of the phytoplankton communities was noted in July, 2016, and August, 2017. According to the level of biomass of planktonic algae, the lake belongs to oligotrophic water bodies. The planktonic algoflora of Lake Kuchane is characterized by the predominance of cosmopolitan freshwater forms of microalgae. In relation to pH, the predominant representatives preferred slightly alkaline waters. The Milius trophic index varied in the range 18.0–39.6 with a maximum value in summer. The Pantle–Bukk saprobity index almost did not change during the entire study. The waters of Lake Kuchane corresponded to the betamesosaprobic self-purification zone, quality class III.


This study presents methodological guidelines and pedagogical practices aimed at incorporating design thinking into primary school education. The purpose of this practice is to showcase the potential for fostering empathy and encouraging nonstandard creative expressions among children of primary school age through the utilization of an adapted methodological framework for design thinking. The article delineates the sequential stages of project-based work grounded in design thinking, the systematic procedure employed in the project's execution, and the outcomes attain.


This study represents an effort to develop a model which is capable of designing a new or improving an existing transportation network system in a way that will lead to the achievement of a given social goal. The goal used is the increase of an index called satisfaction level. This index is a function of opportunity (transportation accessibility or of employment) and socio-economic status. The model is structured to produce a transportation network design that has a higher and more equitable distribution of the satisfaction level index than a given baseline. The design process is guided by a weighting function which is a public policy determination. It gives people with a low level of satisfaction proportionately more weight than those who are presently highly satisfied. The travel desires of this weighted population distribution are then used to guide the design or improvement of the transportation network.


Financial sector reforms were an integral part of the wide-ranging economic reforms initiated in India in 1991. The financial sector at the time was characterized by extensive government control and financial repression and was dominated by public-sector institutions. Since the economic reforms were designed to create a more competitive economy, with a larger role for the private-sector and market forces, it was evident that parallel reforms in the financial sector would be needed to support the transition to a liberalized market oriented economy. This led to wide ranging reforms covering banking, the capital market and insurance.


The development of low carbon economy in China should start from two dimensions.The one is to lower emissions in traditional industries and develop new industries with low emissions;the other is to pay more attention in enhancing ecological capital,improving the ecological environment,and restoring environmental capacity of providing eco-services through ecological rehabilitation measures.In recent years,some areas in China have made much active exploration in ecological rehabilitation.We should fully understand the value of practices in ecological rehabilitation.


. The port station on Sea-rail combined transport is the connection of railway and waterway transportation, but also the source of railway transportation on sea-rail combined transport. To improve the handling capacity of China's major ports, and strengthen the work of container sea-rail combined transport, the research of the transportation organization optimization of sea-rail combined transport port stations has been put on the agenda. This paper uses gray prediction method to predict the amount of transportation borne by sea and railway; Then, the transport capacity of sea transportation and railway joint transportation organization is taken as a research object. It mainly includes the following aspects: the ability of loading and unloading process, the ability of picking up and delivering vehicles, and dispatch, etc. Based on the actual case, the adaptability analysis, obtained the feasibility of transportation organization optimization; Finally, the problems need to be solved in the optimization of port station.


A global trend towards decentralisation, particularly in emerging and transitional economies, is well underway. At the same time, there are many different meanings assigned to the concept, and it is frequently left undefined, even while it is being implemented. Written under the auspices of the University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Local Government, this paper argues that enhanced understanding of concepts and theories can contribute to improved practice during decentralisation reforms, and consequently be of benefit to governments and to their citizens. Drawing on the theoretical, research and policy literature, an approach is adopted that aims to draw benefits from this literature for public policy and administration in particularly the emerging and transitional economies. The material in the paper is used as a foundation for putting forward a recommended synthesis-framework for decentralisation implementation that draws attention to: appreciating the theoretical scope of fiscal decentralisation; focusing on the country and its goals; considering the design of the system of multi-level governance; focusing on central and local capacity; and adopting flexibility, supported by feedback mechanisms, in the process of decentralisation. The Centre for Local Government based at the University of Technology, Sydney is the leading university-based centre in Australia delivering an extensive program of local governance research, teaching and specialist national and international consulting services. The centre's activities are directed towards improving the capacity of governments at all levels to deliver quality services, good governance, strong leadership, public value and improved democracy. UTS:CLG has formal links with key international organizations to enable collaborative and country based development and delivery of capacity building programs. Decentralization and Subsidiarity 1 Conceptualising decentralisation and subsidiarity Even a cursory examination of the world's states reveals a dizzying array of relationships between central and subnational governments...This already diverse mixture of systems has been further enriched by a recent global trend toward decentralization, most strikingly in the developing world.


I e late 1980s and early 1990s was a time of intense conflict betWeen Ojibwe (Chippewa) Indians and white sportfishers over Native treary rightS in the forested northern third of Wisconsin. For months, the normal peace and quiet of this ceded area outSideof the state'ssixOjibwe reservations was shattered by whites chanting racist tauntS such as "timber n_ _ _ _ -' " assaulting tribal elders, and ramming Ojibwe vehicles to protest the ancient practice of Native spearfIshing. Less than a decade later, Native American nations and white sportfIshing groups are cooperating to protect the same fIsh they had fought over,and building a powerful alliance that has chased several minin~ companies out of the state. International mining industry journals now express worry about the contagious spread of Wisconsin anti-mining strategies, and identify Wisconsin as one of four global battlegrounds for the industry's futUre. While some activists downplay racial differencesin order to build short-term cooperation betWeen different groups, the Wisconsin experience shows that such a strategy is counterproductive. The Native nations that asserted their rightSmost strongly also developed the strongest cooperation with neighboring non-Indian communities around issues of murual concern, and against outSide corporate threats. The Wisconsin experience demonstrates that racial politics do not con-


BACKGROUND: Traditional medicine cupping therapy is so popular for the community in Langsa city; therefore, it needs to standardise and government control. AIM: To find out the supervision model of cupping therapy for patient satisfaction at the community health centre in Langsa City. METHODS: The design of this study is a quasi-experiment. The design used was a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was chosen as many as 45 people, using a purposive sampling technique for patients visiting with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Univariate and bivariate analysis was used to see the effect of traditional cupping therapy supervision models on patient satisfaction. Then test paired t-test and One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: The paired t-test results showed a significant change in satisfaction with a value of p < 0.05. Group (SOP & supervision = 7.07) and (SOP = 3.13) each change with p-value = 0.0001. The group (control = 04) experienced a change in satisfaction with p-value = 0.02. ANOVA test results show there are differences between groups with a p-value of 0.0001. The difference in value includes SOP and supervision of the control of 7.46 with p = 0.0001. The SOP group for the control group was 3.53 with p 0.004. The SOP & supervision group towards the SOP group was 3.93 with p 0.001 CONCLUSION: The SOP group supervision and supervision model is effective in increasing satisfaction scores cupping therapy patients in the community health centre of the city of Langsa, Aceh Province, Indonesia.


A process for oxidizing alcohols are selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, said process comprising the step of (a) forming a solution including said alcohol with (i) a first catalyst selected from the group consisting of catalysts 2,2,6,6tetrametilpiperidiniloxi, (ii) a second catalyst selected from the group consisting of a Fe-2,2'-bipyridyl and Fe-1.10 phenanthroline and (iii) a bromine promoter which is selected from the group consisting of N-bromo imides, organic bromides and inorganic bromides, said alcohol acting as the substrate of said solution (b) reacting said alcohol in said solution with a oxidant to produce said aldehyde or ketone.


Objective To assess the value of three-dimensional(3-D) digital subtraction imaging in the intervention therapy of intracranial vascular disease.Methods 103 patients with intracranial vascular disease were performed cerebrovascular digital substraction angiography(DSA) and spiral 3-D imaging before or during interventional therapy,then the images were managed and displayed in the GE-ADW4.4 workstation.Results The DSA 3-D imaging were finished in 84 cases and this imaging technique had remarkably navigated and guaranteed the interventional therapy to various intracranial vascular disease.Conclusion The technique of DSA 3-D imaging played an important role in increasing the diagnostic accuracy and guiding the interventional therapy on various intracranial vascular disease.


Abstract : The Department of Defense (DOD) obligated about $375 billion in fiscal year 2011 to acquire goods and services to meet its mission and support its operations in the United States and abroad. GAO s work, as well as that of others, has documented shortcomings in DOD s strategic and acquisition planning, contract administration and oversight, and acquisition workforce. In our February 2011 high-risk report, for example, we noted that DOD needed to ensure that its acquisition workforce was adequately sized, trained, and equipped to meet department needs. Lack of an adequate number of trained acquisition and contract oversight personnel contributed to unmet expectations and has placed DOD, at times, at risk of potentially paying more than necessary. To help alleviate some of these long standing challenges and provide additional funds for the recruitment, training, and retention of acquisition personnel, in 2008 Congress established the Defense Acquisition Workforce Development Fund (DAWDF).3 The fund supports expanded emphasis in these areas; for example, DOD expects to use DAWDF to hire approximately 10,000 new acquisition personnel through fiscal year 2015. Approximately $1.8 billion was allocated to the fund through February 2012.


Central England temperature fluctuations are found to be monoscaling with long‐range dependence. Monoscaling can be explained in terms of the dominance of Gaussian temperature advection. Simulations of the UK Meteorological Office Hadley Centre general circulation model do not capture many of these features. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Metzger, David, "Freud's Jewish Science and Lacan's Sinthome" (1997). English Faculty Publications. Paper 16. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_fac_pubs/16


Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a fatal complication of the third stage of labour. PPH accounts for 25% maternal mortality worldwide. Fortunately most PPH cases are preventable and thus can significantly reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Misoprostol, a PGE1 analogue, an uterotonic, is inexpensive, easily available with simple route of administration. The study group was given 600mcg of misoprostol within 5 min of clamping of cord and blood loss was measured with help of BRASS-V delivery drape. The parameters ascertained were total blood loss in third stage of labour, length of third stage, time taken for retraction of uterus, need of any additional uterotonic drug or surgical intervention, need for blood transfusion, adverse effect of 600mcg of oral misoprostol. Oral administration of 600mcg misoprostol is an effective method of preventing PPH, though it may not be as effective as potent uterotonics like ergometrine or PGF2alpha. Nevertheless, it scores over them in low resource settings due to its cost effectiveness, and ease of availability, transport, storage and administration to the patient. KeywordsMisoprostol, Postpartum haemorrhage, BRASS-V drape.


. Let ( X, ω ) be a compact K¨ahler manifold. We introduce and study the largest set DMA ( X, ω ) of ω -plurisubharmonic (psh) functions on which the complex Monge-Amp`ere operator is well defined. It is much larger than the corresponding local domain of definition, though still a proper subset of the set PSH ( X, ω ) of all ω -psh functions. We prove that certain twisted Monge-Amp`ere operators are well defined for all ω -psh functions. As a consequence, any ω -psh function with slightly attenuated singularities has finite weighted Monge-Amp`ere energy.


▼ We explored the relationship between seizure activity (SA) and / or chronic epilepsy (CE) and short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes following fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) surgery. Retrospective databases and a parental questionnaire focusing on common complications of hindbrain herniation associated with MMC


Network information security is becoming a vital topic for many companies and research institutes with big data. Information leakage via cyber is rising rapidly. Many companies and research institutes managers have not realized the significance of information security. This paper describes an investigation of anomaly detection. We measure the format and content of the original web access log. The intent is to analyze types of access and distribution of access types of each user and to transform them into the type that can be learned by the machine. With the transformed log, a neural network model can be put in place to learn how to detect an abnormal access log and alert the relative computer managers. The main goal is to design a model that can assist computer managers to do the anomaly detection job.


A novel biguanide-functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetite nanoparticle with a core-shell structure was developed for utilization as a heterogeneous organosuperbase in chemical transformations. The structural, surface, and magnetic characteristics of the nanosized catalyst were investigated by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), elemental analyzer (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET and BJH) and FT-IR. The biguanide-functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles showed a superpara-magnetic property with a saturation magnetization value of 46.7 emu/g, indicating great potential for application in magnetically separation technologies. In application point of view, the prepared catalyst was found to act as an efficient recoverable nanocatalyst in nitroaldol and domino Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition/cyclization reactions in aqueous media under mild condition. Additionally, the catalyst was reused six times without significant degradation in catalytic activity and performance.


A system for the on-stream X-ray diffractometric determination of mineral phases in slurries was developed, in response to the mining industry's need for process control during the beneficiation of industrial minerals. The instrumentation for, and results from testwork conducted at a phosphate rock beneficiation plant in Florida are discussed. Results show that the concentrations of the minerals apatite (var. francolite) and quartz can be accurately determined every few minutes, so that adjustments to the flotation circuit can be executed from the control room when needed. The on-stream measurements can ultimately be integrated into an automated plant control system. Estimates of savings on reagent and manpower costs, as well as the benefits from consistent grades and greater recoveries, have shown that the investment in such a system could be recovered in less than a year.


It is suggested that the present physics syllabuses for Std. 9 and 10 can be made more relevant and interesting by linking them more closely to mathematics and by the imaginative use of the local environment.


This lecture presents seven inter-related points. 1) The poor continue to depend on staples for income and progress, via consumption, prices, nutrition, employment, farm income, and overall rural income. 2) 1965-85 saw huge falls in poverty based on rising food yields, employment, and public agricultural research effort; all four have stalled since 1985-90. 3) Fertility transition opens a 'window of opportunity' to complete the task of eliminating food poverty. 4) The window is useful only if yield potential revives for tropical food staples. 5) Genetically modified (GM) plant research is a key tool for breeding to improve staples yield potential, stability, spread, sustainability and employment - but is not being used well. 6) Proper application of GM on plant research to help the world's poor requires radical institutional innovation in agricultural research. 7) Realigning the public debate about GMs.


Knowledge about weed seed germination is essential for its control. By knowing the weed response to various environmental factors are helpful for weed management without the use of herbicides. The aimed of present study was to know the impact of several environmental related factors on germination and seedlings characteristics of Cleome viscosa under laboratory conditions. The temperature suitable for germination of C. viscosa was 30°C where 81.25% seed germination occurred. However, no or little germination was observed at 15 and 20C, respectively. The germination of C. viscosa improved significantly from 5-7 pH, thereafter a decline was observed at pH 8 and 9 and completely inhibited at pH 10. Seed germination was somewhat salinity tolerant and germination observed at 250 mM NaCl (23.75%) which is much high but it was vulnerable to osmotic potential which completely prevented at -1.0 MPa. Seedling emergence responds substantially to burial depth. The seedling emergence was highest (87.5%) when seed retained at the surface of the soil and reduced to 30% at 4 cm depth. The germination and seedlings traits i.e. time to start germination, mean germination time (MGT) and time taken to 50% germination (T50) germination index (GI) as well as root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight were affected significantly with all the studied environmental factors. The results obtained in this study will be useful to develop a comprehensive management program to control C. viscosa.


Background: Genital tract infections are one of the most common causes of referring to obstetrics clinics. The most common agents of genitalia infection are yeast ( Candida ) and parasite ( Trichomonas ). Establishment of fungal and parasitic infections needs many factors such as social, cultural and hormonal factors. Methods: In order to determine candidial infection in the patients with leucorrhoea, this study carried out in Hamadan in the private clinics and public health centers in 1996. A total of 248 patients with abnormal vaginal discharge, genitalia pruritus, disuria and disparonia examined by vaginal cotton soab sampling and examination of specimens by direct wet smear for Candida and Trichomanos , and culture was done in Saburoud dextrose agar for yeast. The smears stained by Gram staining for identification of organism and grown samples examined by germ tube formation test for identification of Candida albicans . Data about some individual variables of subjects were collected using a questionnaire. Results: This study indicated, 76(30.6%) of patients had candidial infection by wet smear method, however, 116 (46.8%) were positive by culture in Saburoud medium. With germ tube formation test, 33(13.4%) had C. albicans . Anyone had not trichomonal infection by direct wet smear. This study suggested that, candidial infection is very high in this region, and this is the most common cause of attending patients with leucorrhoea in the obstetrics clinics. Also, there was not any relationship between candidial infection and pregnancy status, main compliance and other compliances. Conclusion: We suggested, culture method is more sensitive than direct wet smear in the diagnosis of vulvo-vaginal infections, particularly in candidiasis. Regarding to role of personal hygiene measures in preventing of candidiasis, health education for women in the reproductive age is recommended.


With an analysis of the changes and the environmental carrying capacity of regional green spaces in Pearl-River Delta during the urbanization process and a focus on the pattern of regional green spaces and their effects on local ecological system,this article states that farmland-countryside and river corridors are of most strategic values in sustainable development and that they are also the trend of low-carbon green spaces.It argues for establishing a system to restrict the outspread of urban areas into regional greenbelts and puts forward a lowcarbon concept and qualitative index for the development of green spaces in the future.This article provides useful ideas that will be beneficial to the ecological preservation and development of urban-rural green spaces,especially the local forests,water resource,wetlands and agricultural lands.


Aim. To demonstrate the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the complex examination of patients with various types of transposition of great arteries (TGA) at the pre- and postoperative stages.Material and Methods. A total of 38 MRI studies of the heart and blood vessels were performed in 33 patients with various forms of transposition of great vessels.Results. The main purpose of MRI was to identify postoperative complications after arterial switch operation for simple TGA. Cicatricial changes in the wall of the left ventricle were revealed in two patients, which was the basis for coronary angiography. Coronary angiography revealed no significant coronary artery stenosis requiring surgical intervention. The aortic root was dilated to an average of + 2.85 Z-score in six patients after arterial switch operation, which required further dynamic observation. Stenosis of the branches of the pulmonary artery due to the use of the Lecompte maneuver was revealed in one patient. Heart catheterization was performed according to the results of MRI. Invasive pressure measurement revealed neither significant stenosis nor indications for surgical treatment. MRI data were used as one of the criteria for anatomical correction readiness in group of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels, along with data of echocardiography and heart catheterization.Conclusion. MRI and MR angiography are the "gold standard" in the pre- and postoperative examination of patients with various forms of TGA . Using MR angiography, it is possible to carry out morphometry and clarify the spatial arrangement of vessels including that after correction of TGA. In most cases, MRI allows to correctly differentiate the morphology of the heart chambers and their relative position. It also allows to perform volumetry and to assess the parameters of local and global contractile function of the ventricles, which is essential for preoperative assessment and dynamic observation at all stages of correction.


Sidmouth seafront, Devon, England. ©Reproduced with permission, ImageStateRM, Fotosearch.

> Sidmouth
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> Stately seaside sentinel
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> Splendidly set 'side secluded seabright seascape
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> Stormswept sandstone surmounts stone strewn shore
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> Seagull shrieked sky suborns shoreward surging seas
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> Squall soaked spars straddle spume-spattered stumps
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> Sea-splashed stanchions support salt streaked stays …


Agile methodologies are gaining popularity quickly, receiving increasing support from the software development community. Project FLUID proposes the development of models and tools that will assist the flow of information, communication, and conversation in agile project environments in order to satisfy customer needs and requirements. By providing a means to gather requirements in an informal manner and later restructure the information to suit formal requirements specifications, FLUID: Echo hopes to alleviate many of the pains in requirements engineering. FLUID: Echo also attempts to address issues in traceability management, by including conversations about requirements in the information model.


In the last two years, effort was concentrated on: (1) surface modeling; (2) surface grid generation; and (3) 3-D flow space grid generation. The surface modeling shares the same objectives as the surface modeling in computer aided design (CAD), so software available in CAD can in principle be used for solid modeling. Unfortunately, however, the CAD software cannot be easily used in practice for grid generation purposes, because they are not designed to provide appropriate data base for grid generation. Therefore, we started developing a generalized surface modeling software from scratch, that provides the data base for the surface grid generation. Generating surface grid is an important step in generating a 3-D space for flow space. To generate a surface grid on a given surface representation, we developed a unique algorithm that works on any non-smooth surfaces. Once the surface grid is generated, a 3-D space can be generated. For this purpose, we also developed a new algorithm, which is a hybrid of the hyperbolic and the elliptic grid generation methods. With this hybrid method, orthogonality of the grid near the solid boundary can be easily achieved without introducing empirical fudge factors. Work to develop 2-D and 3-D grids for turbomachinery blade geometries was performed, and as an extension of this research we are planning to develop an adaptive grid procedure with an interactive grid environment.


The article gives the results of investigating the subject structure of L. A. Popov's lyric poetry. The two main levels of the typology of lyric subjects have been revealed: a) the typology based on the interaction between the subject organization and the genre modality; b) the typology based on the degree of individualization of the lyric ego (prevailing/minimizing of the lyric ego) in a text that reflects the stylistic originality of the author's ego.


The present invention provides a method for constructing a database of atomic fingerprint descriptor. Further, step calculates the (i) a substrate for atomic fingerprint descriptor (atomic fingerprint descriptor); sorting (ii) as compared to data constructed by the above method, atomic positions capable metabolic reaction by cytochrome P450 enzymes stage; and (iii) the step of predicting the activation energy using atomic descriptors against sorted atomic positions (atomic descriptor); including, predicted an activation energy using atomic fingerprint descriptors and atoms descriptor to provide a method for. Further, the present invention uses an effective atomic descriptors, provides a method for predicting the activation energy of the metabolism of the first stage (Phase I) made by the CYP450 enzyme. The method in particular, the present invention is, by using an equation including the effective atomic descriptors, predicts the tetrahedral activation energy of the intermediate formation of hydrogen separation reaction or aromatic hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 enzymes I will provide a. The process according to the invention, without performing a docking experiments and quantum mechanical calculations and any additional CYP450 and substrate, by rapidly predict the metabolites of the first stage to the practical level (Phase I), the computer much to facilitate the development of new drugs using, can present a strategy to increase the bioavailability of the drug (bioavailability) through metabolites avoid design by analysis of metabolic reactions potential for drug. Further, through activation energy prediction according to the invention, i) metabolites, ii) the relative rates of metabolism, iii) regioselectivity metabolism, iv) inhibition of metabolism, v) drug interaction, and vi) metabolism It can predict the body of toxicity. .FIELD 1


2D face images represent faces with incomplete information. 3D face reconstruction from a single 2D image is a challenging problem with application value. The single feature extraction method distorts the generated 3D face image. In this paper, we use contour-based face segmentation method to reconstruct 3D face image. We focus on the edge and contour information of the face when using contour lines to segment the face. Different from the global 3D face reconstruction method, we combine the global and local face information to carry out 3D face reconstruction. Our method: First of all, we do contour segmentation for human faces and extract the features of the segmented images. Second, we learn the local binary features of each keypoint in a complete face image, then combine the features and use linear regression to detect the keypoints. Thirdly, we use Convolutional Neural Networks to learn the regression 3D Morphable Model coefficient and significantly improve the quality and efficiency of reconstruction. We regressed the coefficients of the 3D deformable model from 2D images to present face alignment for 3D face reconstruction. We carry out feature mapping between 2D face and 3D face image, and monitor and verify 3D face model through mapping relationship. Our method can not only reconstruct face images from all angles, but also reduce face deformities. We made face images fit better under different expressions and postures.


ABSTRACT Course: Degree project in Logistics, the Business Administration and Economics ProgrammeAuthors: Adam Allgurin and Filip KarlssonSupervisor: Hana HulthenExaminer: Helena ForslundTitle: Exp ...


Recommender systems help users find the information, products, and other people they most want to find. This tutorial provides participants with a hands-on learning experience about using recommender system technologies. After completing this tutorial, participants will understand the range of technologies being used for recommender systems, including collaborative filtering, rules-based systems, and information filtering.


This paper depicts how Inventory Management System was used to eliminate Non Value Added Time in a manufacturing plant. A current Process Cycle Efficiency was measured and data for constructing the present Process Cycle Efficiency was collected through production line visits, interviews of employees and observation of machine's function at di fferent production stages. Different causes of Non Value Added Time was determined. Regression analysis with the help of Minitab software were applied to evaluate most affected causes of Non Value Added Time. At present, Process Cycle Efficiency was found 63.47% . In order to improve Process Cycle Efficiency and to Reduce Non Value Added Time it was proposed to implement Inventory Management System, it was evaluated that future state Process Cycle Efficiency would be improved to 67.78% at initial stage.


AN INTERPRETATION OF JOB KATHERINE MCNEILL* When reading "Job," I was reminded of Stockton's story "The Lady or the Tiger." In this story, you will remember, the hero was in the arena facing two doors. Behind one was a tiger, behind the other a lady. If he opened one it meant immediate death. If he opened the other he would face the woman he would have to marry. The lady he loved, the daughter of the king, was one of the spectators. She knew what was behind each door and had ar-


SUMMARY Dopamine antagonists are effective anti‐emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood‐brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side‐effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made.


Objective: To investigate systemic levels of acetylcholinesterase in early Parkinson disease (PD) with 11C-donepezil PET, a potential marker of parasympathetic innervation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 19 patients with early-stage PD (disease duration 1.5 ± 0.6 years) and 16 age-matched controls who had clinical assessments, olfaction tests, and 11C-donepezil PET to measure acetylcholinesterase density in peripheral organs. Results: The patients with PD showed significantly reduced 11C-donepezil uptake in the small intestine (−14%, p = 0.018), colon (−22%, p < 0.001), and kidneys (−14%, p = 0.028). No difference in myocardial or pancreatic acetylcholinesterase levels was seen. Conclusion: We found significantly decreased 11C-donepezil signal in the intestine and kidneys of patients with early PD, suggesting that parasympathetic denervation is present early in the disease course.


ABSTRACT We investigated whether the cool and hot executive functions (EFs) exhibited by kindergarteners could predict their academic achievement in the middle grades of elementary school. The study assessed the cool and hot EF of 48 Japanese kindergartners (M = 78.12 months) and then measured these same children's academic achievement in language and mathematics between grades one to four. The study's confirmative factor analysis indicated that early childhood EFs have both cool and hot factors. Its structural equation modeling revealed that although both cool and hot early childhood EFs can directly predict academic achievement in grade one, cool EFs had a greater predictive effect. It also found that cool and hot early childhood EFs had an indirect effect on academic achievement between grades two to four insofar as children's academic achievement in grades two to four was predicted sequentially by their previous academic achievements.


Treatment with calcium antagonists has been shown to be beneficial in patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed to assess the efficacy of amlodipine, a new long-acting calcium antagonist, in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon without underlying disease. 20 of the 24 patients enrolled (20 women and 4 men, mean age 45 years) completed the trial.


Abstract : The paper presents design considerations of a microphone-equipped breathing mouthpiece for enhanced underwater swimmer communications. Toward this objective, emphasis was placed upon providing increased freedom for articulatory movement as well as a larger 'speaking' cavity for less restriction to the speech flow while maintaining protection from the dangers of CO2 build-up in the breathing mixture.


Diagnosis of autism is one of the difficult problems facing researchers. In this paper, Electroencephalogram (EEG) based Autism diagnosis using Fisher Linear Discriminat (FLD) Analysis is presented. Multivariate analyses of all the channels (via the concatenated signals) were used. Different preprocessing techniques, different ensemble averages, as well as, different feature extraction techniques are studied. The average correct rates are (90%). Raw data features and FFT features are used. Windsor Filtered Data gave the best mean and the lower standard deviation of both raw and FFT features. Over all, FFT features have a better correct rate of 88.14% and lower standard deviation 0.0404 than raw features.


The purpose of this study is to identify the appropriate time of educational service and to verify the effect of educational service on teacher efficacy and teacher-child interaction. For this purpose, the following were investigated : 1. difference of teacher efficacy and teacher-child Interaction by educational service time, 2. relationship between educational service, teaching efficacy and teacher-child interaction and 3. mediation effect of teacher efficacy in educational service and teacher-infant interaction. The subjects of this study were 272 students in 3rd grade at 4-year university in Seoul and Kyonggi–do. Through questionnaires, the educational service, teacher efficacy, and teacher-child interaction were investigated. And The data were analyzed statistically. The results of the study are as follows. First, teachers efficacy and teacher-child interaction were significantly different according to the hours of service. Second, there was a statistically significant relationship between educational service hours, teacher efficacy, and teacher-child interaction. Third, teacher efficacy has a partial mediating effect between the educational service hours and the teacher-child interaction. The results of this study are meaningful in that it provides basic data on educational service programs for pre-service early childhood teachers.