Each of two players, by turns, rolls a dice several times accumulating the successive scores until he decides to stop, or he rolls an ace. When stopping, the accumulated turn score is added to the player account and the dice is given to his opponent. If he rolls an ace, the dice is given to the opponent without adding any point. In this paper we formulate this game in the framework of competitive Markov decision processes (also known as stochastic games), show that the game has a value, provide an algorithm to compute the optimal minimax strategy, and present results of this algorithm in three different variants of the game.


Digital trust in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 is a crucial aspect. The digital age is working in real-time; agility is required in this digital era. The digital nature of businesses has bought significant changes such as transparency, advancement in technological usage, and, most notably, customer experience. The focus of this study is the impact of fraud that may occur in Industry 4.0 & 5.0 as an element of digital trust that must be secured. A secondary research method to understand digital trust, industry 4.0 & 5.0 and fraud, with ramifications on repute while organisations try their best to protect data and information. Maintaining digital trust achieved by mitigating the risk of fraud using various techniques is discussed here by its priority and digital transformation of technologies to achieve trust with discussion on types of fraud and their mitigation practices. The implications are far-reaching for organisations and society where the bar is raised to keep unwanted attention and frauds kept at bay in the standardisation by way of technological transformations for the satisfaction of consumers and have a sense of responsibility as the practitioners, policymakers and organisations.


The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a maritime navigation safety communications system that exchanges vessel information, including the vessel's identity, position, course and speed and other safety-related information automatically with other ships and shore stations. Since its introduction aboard ships in 2002, the information provided by AIS has proven invaluable for shipboard situational awareness and shoreside vessel traffic management use, particularly in Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). AIS has been very valuable in assisting VTS identification of radar targets and tracking of vessels in non-radar coverage areas. In some instances it has reduced voice radio communications by automating position reporting. However, the full benefit of AIS capability to VTS beyond these basic applications has yet to be realized, and in some cases even this basic usage could be improved upon, particularly as the concept of e-Navigation matures. AIS has the capability to revolutionize VTS operations and provide vast benefit to the mariner in the form of properly presented information delivered at the right time. While recognizing that AIS is not a panacea, the future use of AIS will be information-driven, making information available for the mariner and other users and getting it to and from places that were not possible, not feasible and likely not even thought of in the past. AIS will be an integral part of an overall e-Navigation strategy. This paper is an update of one presented at the Royal Institute of Navigation NAV07 conference, "Beyond Vessel Tracking - Expanded Use of AIS in Vessel Traffic Services" (Tetreault, 2007). Copyright 2010 ASCE.


Thank you for downloading small steel craft design construction and maintenance. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this small steel craft design construction and maintenance, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


Objective: To elaborate a literature review to learn about the understanding and practice of nurses working in the ESFs regarding health care management. Methodology: This is a qualitative research, with an exploratory character, of the literature review type, with an approach divided into the stages of elaboration of the theme, definition of criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies, indexing of descriptors in databases such as SciELO, BVS and PubMed, critical analysis and categorization of the literature in the time frame 2019 to 2022. Results: 10 articles were selected that showed that the professional nurse throughout his trajectory has been rediscovering his role through the performance in Primary Health Care, especially, for assistance in the Family Health Strategy, by creating and recreating nursing care in public health, ensuring the promotion, prevention and recovery of collective and individual well-being. Conclusion: It is emphasized that it is important for the professional nurse to understand that managing care in the strategy is to articulate care activities to have a care plan for each user of the services, guided by the policies recommended by the Ministry of Health.


The present study was undertaken to know the reproductive toxicity of mercury chloride in male and females of white rats. This study was used twelve (6 male and 6 females) white rats of approximately of the same body weight (200-220 g) divided equally in to 3 groups; the first group (T1) was received mercury chloride (1mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days). While the second group (T2) was received, mercury chloride (1.5mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days).Third group was received only0.2ml of Distilled water considered as control group. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and small pieces of (2cm3) were taken from ovary, uterus and testis of all animals to histopathology. Histopathological sections of these organs of (T2) group was showed severe pathological changes characterized by vaculation in epithelial cells of uterus, cystic dilatation of uterine glands with degeneration of epithelial lining of its ,hemorrhage and decrease in number of growing follicles in ovary also there were sever pathological changes in the testes. While (T1) group was showed less pathological changes characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial lining with few and small uterine gland in uterus, presence of large secondary follicles in ovary and there were less pathological changes in testes. Keyword: Mercury Chloride, Pathological effects, White rats.


Gender studies in general, and Gender and Development (GAD) in particular, through their belief in a cultural conditioning of gender behaviour, use the idea of 'culture' in a restrictive sense which perpetuates a conceptual difference between men and women, and also between First World and Third World women. There is a tendency among gender experts to magnify the difference between men and women, and categorise them into two radically different realms. This article argues for a gender project based on the idea of culture as lived experience. It approaches gender not as a category of exclusion but as a problematic construct that is constantly restructuring itself.


Pregnant women are prone to have physical and mental health problems. Mental health problems that occur during pregnancy can persist for some time after delivery. One thing that is needed by pregnant women during their pregnancy is the presence of a support system or people who provide support. Anyone can be a support system for a pregnant woman, for example husband, parents, siblings, and friends. The support system aims to support pregnant women so they don't get stressed during their pregnancy. Cadres are voluntary workers in the health sector who are directly elected by and from the community whose task is to assist in the development of public health. This community service activity aims to increase Cadre knowledge about family psychoeducation as a support system for pregnant women. In this community service activity, pre-test and post-test were carriedout through a questionnaire to see the level of knowledge of Cadres. The results of the pre-test and post-test showed that there was an increase in knowledge with a pre-test score of 68.3% to 96.6% in the post-test. This shows that this training and mentoring activity is effective in increasing Cadre knowledge.


Activities of oil and gas production are a complex series of processes involving various activities of oil and gas industry from upstream to downstream. Upstream business in oil and gas activities include the activities exploration, exploitation through drill ing activities and completion of wells, mean of transportation, storage and processing of separati ng and refining of oil and gas in the oil field. Downstream activities includes processing through t he activities of oil refineries to produce fuels an d their derivatives and marketing and distribution t hrough the activities of storage. The high mass nee ds gasoline and kerosene (BBM) is a result of economic growth and domestic income and the growing automotive industry. This can be seen from the cons umption of fuel in recent years. In the year 1999 and the consumption was 23.9 million kl, but a year later increased 26.2million kl. For 2004, the transportation sector's fuel consumption has reache d 30.7 million kiloliters, and is predicted to cont inue rising within by incoming years, and in the next 10 years, transportation energy consumption is expected to increase two-fold. Growth in the period 2000-2010 increased by an average of 7.3% per year. Accelerating the development of the fuel dist ribution infrastructure would be more effective for PT.Pertamina (Persero) with the distribution entran ce into the business portfolio by inviting participation of private or third party investors t hrough mutual cooperation. Provision of this infrastructure can be pursued by building of oil an d gas processing facilities or refineries (oil & ga s processing plant), oil and gas storage facilities ( oil & gas storage / depots), oil and gas transporta tion facilities (oil & gas transporter delivery) and com mercial facilities general / limited oil and gas (o il & gas trading).


Coastal offshore currents transport terrestrial materials from coastal areas to continental shelf areas in the upper layer; these currents are regarded as unimportant in winter when wind‐driven onshore currents are dominant. In this paper, both long‐term observations and high‐resolution simulations in the East China Sea reveal unique wintertime offshore currents in the upper layer that are widespread in the 30–70‐m isobath area and even overcome the wind‐driven onshore currents at the 50–70‐m isobaths. The mixed layer instabilities, frontogenesis and turbulent thermal wind, which constitute a mechanism in the generation of submesoscale offshore currents, have a growth rate that is fast enough to compete with the wind‐driven dynamics when the winter monsoon is relatively weak (<10 m/s). The alternation of the weak‐wind and strong‐wind modes during the winter monsoons provides a general condition for the repeated occurrence of remarkable submesoscale cross‐shore transport and carbon sequestration in coastal seas.


In relativistic fluid dynamics the momentum density of a fluid element consists of two terms—one that depends on the proper density and velocity of the element and another that depends on its proper pressure and velocity. The usual way in which this result is displayed as a second rank tensor does not yield much insight into the origin of the pressure term and is not likely to be of pedagogical value in most undergraduate physics courses. I present a minimal model that offers some insight into the origin of the pressure term in the momentum density.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction of a 3D tooth identification test for a dental anatomy course that can be given remotely.

METHODS
First-year dental students (n=41) enrolled in a dental anatomy course took both traditional in-person practical and virtual 3D tooth identification tests consisting of 25 test items. The test scores, average test durations, faculty time commitment and user perception were collected and analyzed. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (p<0.05) were determined for the criterion measures including real tooth identification test scores, comprehensive written examination and overall grade for the course.

RESULTS
The average number of correct answers for the real and 3D virtual tooth identification examination was 21.3 ± 2.65 and 20.7 ± 2.56, respectively. The average test duration for the real and 3D virtual tooth identification test was 25:00 and 21:16 minutes, respectively. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) of the 3D virtual tooth identification test with the real tooth identification test (0.368), comprehensive written examination (0.334) and the overall course grade (0.646). The total faculty time commitment for the real and 3D virtual tooth identification test was 96 and 65 minutes, respectively. The students cited difficulty in manipulating the 3D models.

CONCLUSION
This study presents evidence that the 3D virtual tooth identification test can be used to assess dental students understanding of dental anatomy effectively and efficiently.


We develop a theory of crossed products by actions of Hecke pairs (G,Γ), motivated by applications in non-abelian C∗-duality. Our approach gives back the usual crossed product construction whenever G/Γ is a group and retains many of the aspects of crossed products by groups. We start by laying the ∗-algebraic foundations of these crossed products by Hecke pairs and exploring their representation theory, and then proceed to study their different C∗-completions. We establish that our construction coincides with that of Laca, Larsen and Neshveyev [15] whenever they are both definable and, as an application of our theory, we prove a Stonevon Neumann theorem for Hecke pairs which encompasses the work of an Huef, Kaliszewski and Raeburn [9]. Received by the editor May 8, 2013. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46L55 Secondary 20C08.


Rapid prototyping in photonics is a new research area which requires the development of both the optical product and tool for building the product. Plastic and polymer based optical products have high potential of being rapidly produced using rapid prototyping techniques. Plastic optical devices can be produced via multiple technology such as plastic injection molding, CNC milling, diamond turning, or casting. Subtractive and additive are the two main types of rapid prototyping techniques which can be applied in photonics devices. We have demonstrated both the subtractive based technique in particular CNC milling and additive based technique in particular 3D printing for the rapid prototyping of the plastic optical coupler. The result showed that 3D printing may be a promising technique for producing plastic-based optical device provided that optical quality based photopolymer could be developed and integrated with the system.


This paper extends feminist critiques of epistemic authority by examining their particular relevance in contexts of institutionalized violence. By reading feminist criticism of "experts" together with theories of institutionalized violence, I argue that typical expert modes of thinking are incapable of rigorous knowledge of institutionalized violence because such knowledge requires a distinctive kind of thinking-within-discomfort for which conventionally trained experts are ill-suited. I turn to a newly active group of epistemic agents-anti-war relatives of soldiers-to examine the role that undervalued epistemic traits can play in knowledge of war and other forms of structural violence.


Crop yield mainly depends on environment and cultivation practices that vary according to a growing environment. However, an oat (Avena sativa L.)-common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) intercrop system has not been fully developed in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China. This study evaluated the effects of seven treatments, including five oat-common vetch intercropping patterns, sole oat, and sole vetch on yield and quality performance at different growth periods [75 days after sowing (DAS), 90 DAS, 105 DAS], on the basis of field experiments conducted in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia in 2015 and 2016. The OV3:1 (oat intercropped with common vetch at seeding ratios 3:1) treatment at 105 DAS in 2016 was superior to other treatments, as it achieved the highest shoot dry matter, increasing by 24.1% and 37.1% compared to sole oat and common vetch. The crude fat (CF) contents, CF yield, and crude protein (CP) yield increased under OV3:1, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased under OV3:1, compared to monoculture. The results indicate that intercropping is an efficient cropping system for the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. The appropriate proportion of oat and common vetch intercropping at 3:1 and harvesting time not only increases crop yield but also improves the crop quality.


In order to enhance the efficiency of computer aided color design(CACD) on 3D design platform,a new CACD mode based on color harmony principle was proposed,color scheme with multiple colors that satisfy harmony relationship was got under the instruction of color harmony principle,colors were endowed to product by mapping tree.The method and theory of color selecting and color endowing of the new design mode was studied.A prototype system was developed based on the research,and it was integrated on SolidWorks2006,could support the new design mode.


The "Chinese Origin" theorem was originated in the end Ming when Seohak(西學) was actively transmitted to China. It insisted that Western science was actually the result of Chinese science that was passed on to the Western world. The theorem was systemized by the Chinese scholar Mei Wending(梅文鼎). Since it was adopted as a logic to receive the Western mechanical first by Seo Myong-Ung(徐命膺) in the late 18th century, the "Chinese Origin" theorem played important roles in Chosun too until the end of 19th century, concerning the reception of Sohak. While it was used as a logic to receive Seohak in China, it had another role to work as a logic against Seohak in Chosun. Regardless this difference, however, the "Chinese Origin" theorem was basically adopted as a logic to receive Western science and technology. But on the whole, the theorem was a far-fetched opinion and had to receive lots of criticism in its beginning. Among the criticism, though, it did play a positive role to give one the chance to look back on one's own tradition before receiving Western science and thus to prepare the public for the foreignness of the foreign civilization. The theorem was usually used as a logic in favor of reception of Western civilization until the middle 19th century when Chosun opened its ports to world powers. Since then it started to lose its base in the country. One of the few traces left of it was an argument made by Kim Yun-Sik(金允植) saying that the knowledge of the previous king and the new Western knowledge were based on the same principle. It was only natural that the persuasive power of the "Chinese Origin" theorem grew weaker as more and more of Western science was understood in Chosun. The rate of its losing power was rather quick compared to the situation of China of the times where the theorem enjoyed its prosperity. The different trend of Chosun to that of China seems to have been related to the way theorists of combining the Eastern ways of morality and the Western mechanical spared little philosophical consideration of the concept of ToGi(道器) and thus had little chance to realize the logical inconsistency of the theorem of combining the Eastern ways of morality and the Western mechanical techniques(東道西器論). As a result, the "Chinese Origin" theorem declined But it's influence wasn't lost completely.


This paper has developed simulation program of turned surface topography by (analyzing) several factors, and represented some simulation results. The simulation has proved that the system can simulate the turning process and has the property of rapid speed and high precision for simulation.


Wireless automation is an emerging field of research that aims at significant savings in installation time and costs of cabling in automation systems, while providing a new level of flexibility for system design, reconfiguration, and agility. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a rather new technology, with its origins tracing back to the early 1980s through the Distributed Sensor Networks (DSNs) program at the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) of the US Department of Defense. Industrial Wireless Sensor Network (IWSN) evolved from WSN and are specially designed, keeping in mind the demands and nature of industry. Two common protocols ZigBee and WirelessHART were designed for general commercial use and later adopted for industrial applications. ISA100.11a developed by International Society of Automation, was specially designed for IWSN. These protocols use layer structure which allow secure, fast and reliable data transfer. IEEE 802.15.4 is used at its physical layer with variable data slots. This paper presents the results of the simulation of ZigBee, WirelessHART and ISA100 protocols done using Castalia. This paper compares and discusses the simulated results obtained from all three protocols.


The dynamic behaviour (response to a time dependent disturbance) of many physical and chemical processes can be quantitatively modelled by appropriate differential equations. For example the response of the liquid level height,h, in a holding tank (shown in figure 1) to a sudden change in incoming liquid flow, Fi ,can be represented by the following first order differential equation: A.dh/dt = Fi – Fj (1)


Diamond diodes with extremely low on-resistance are introduced and discussed. Heavily boron-doped p+-type and phosphorus-doped n+-type diamond films with hopping conduction at room temperature are utilized. These diamond films have a unique property, that is, their resistivity decreases drastically even at a high impurity concentration of ∼1020 cm−3 without degrading the crystallinity. This unique property is applied to two kinds of diamond diodes. One is a p+–i–n+ junction diode. The other is a Schottky-pn diode consisting of the combination of the p+–n and n-type Schottky junctions. Current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics are evaluated for both diodes. Switching characteristics are also evaluated for Schottky-pn diodes. The results show a low on-resistance on the order of mΩ cm2 and fast switching on the ns order. These results indicate that the low-loss diamond diodes can be realized by using the hopping p+- and n+-type layers.


The syntheses of the first examples of aromatic thiazole-containing porphycene analogues 3 have been accomplished by oxidation of the corresponding 3,20:10,13-diepithio-6,9:16,19-diimino-1,11-diaza[20]annulenes 9 with DDQ. Compounds 9a−c have been synthesized by McMurry coupling reaction of the diformylated 2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)thiazoles 8a−c, readily available by a three-step reaction sequence using 2-pyrrolethiocarboxamide (4) as starting material. The aromaticity of the 21,23-dithia-3,13-diazaporphycenes 3 is clearly established by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and verified by X-ray crystal structure analysis of 3b.


In this study, we investigated the relationship between similarity measures and entropy for fuzzy sets. First, we developed fuzzy entropy by using the distance measure for fuzzy sets. We pointed out that the distance between the fuzzy set and the corresponding crisp set equals fuzzy entropy. We also found that the sum of the similarity measure and the entropy between the fuzzy set and the corresponding crisp set constitutes the total information in the fuzzy set. Finally, we derived a similarity measure from entropy and showed by a simple example that the maximum similarity measure can be obtained using a minimum entropy formulation.


Carbon/carbon‐composite bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been fabricated by slurry molding a chopped‐fiber preform followed by sealing with chemically vapor‐infiltrated carbon. The resulting component is hermetic with respect to through‐thickness leakage and has a high electronic conductivity (200–300 S/cm) as a result of the deposited graphitic carbon. The material has a low density due to retained porosity resulting in a low‐weight component. Biaxial flexure strength was measured to be 175 ± 26 MPa. Cell testing of a active area, single‐sided plate indicated very low cell resistance and high efficiency, but with a somewhat steep drop‐off in voltage with current at high values. Corrosion testing indicated minimal corrosion in fuel cell environments. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.


Dense monolayers of [Os(bpy)2(p3p)2]2+, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl and p3p is 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine, have been formed by spontaneous adsorption onto clean platinum microelectrodes. Cyclic voltammetry of these monolayers is nearly ideal, and the area occupied per molecule suggests that only one of the p3p ligands binds to the electrode surface, the other being available for protonation. Chronoamperometry conducted on a microsecond time scale has been used to measure the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant k for the Os2+/3+ redox reaction. For electrolyte concentrations above 0.1 M, heterogeneous electron transfer is characterized by a single unimolecular rate constant (k/s-1). Tafel plots of the dependence of ln k on the overpotential η show curvature, and larger cathodic than anodic rate constants are observed for a given absolute value of η. This response is consistent with electron transfer occurring via a through-space tunneling mechanism. Plots of k vs pH are sigmoidal, and the standa...


Introduction. Traditionally it is believed that the therapeutic effect of the hexane extract of Serenoa repens (HSRE) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia is realized due to its effect on prostate cells. However, in the literature there is data about the possible HSRE effect not only on the prostate, but also directly on the bladder. This paper summarizes data and analyzes the possible cellular mechanisms of HSRE action on the bladder under the development of infravesical obstruction (bladder outlet obstruction – BOO). Materials and methods. Literature data from the PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases for a 25-years period related to the study of the pathogenesis of bladder dysfunction in the development of BOO, cellular and molecular mechanisms by which pathological and adaptive processes in bladder cells are realized, as well as the influence of HSRE on these processes are analyzed. Results. The concept of the pleiotropic effect of HSRE on various links in the pathogenesis of bladder dysfunction caused by BOO has been formed. The main of which are: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of HSRE components, as well as the regulatory effect on cell growth and proliferation factors and transcription factors. All this reduces the cytotoxic effect of oxidative stress on the cells of the bladder developing in IVO, contributing to a more active proliferation of detrusor smooth muscle cells. The consequence of the complex action is to maintain the contractile function of the bladder in a state of adaptation to increased stress, due to BOO. Conclusions. The present hypothesis about the direct effect of HSRE on the hypertrophied bladder and possible mechanisms of its therapeutic action is based on an understanding of the general biological mechanisms and allows us to explain better the results of previous clinical studies and to assess the prospects for expanding the scope of further drug application.


Plant tissues and their extracts from garlic,onion,celery,clove,wild pepper,rhubarb et al .twenty four species (at Chinese medicinal herbs decocted in distilled water and the other sixteen plants soaked in sterile distilled water) were used to test their effect on encysted zoospore germination (EZG), appressorium formation (AF), penetration hypha formation (PHF) of Phytophthora infestans by cellulose membrane technique. And the inducing effects of the extracts on the formation of penetration structure of P.infestanse were also carried out.On the basis of these tests,the effects of immunizing treatment of seed tubers,inducing the resistance of manure plants,increasing the yield of tuber were primarily discussed.Results showed that, the rates of EZG on the surfaces of twelve species of plant tissues were remarkably lower than those in control, appressorium and penetration hypha did not appear on the surfaces of six and ten species of plant tissues, respectively. In plant extracts of thirteen species, the rates of EZG were notable lower than those in control, the appressorium and penetration hypha could not be formed in six and seven species of plant extracts, respectively. Eight species of plant extracts were selected as the inducers to induce resistance of potato tuber slices and seed tubers against P.infestans. The immunization treatment of tuber slices with eight kinds of inducers could not only keep the tuber slices fresh for some time, but strengthen the ability of tuber slices to inhibit the formation of penetration structure of P.infestans. The rates of EZG, AF, and PHF of P.infestans on the surfaces of tuber slices treated were remarkably lower than those in control. The seed tubers treated with eight kinds of plant extracts were much better than control in budding, early growth, disease resistance, and tuber yield. And the disease protection was up to 54%, the yield increase was up to 31%. [WT5HZ]


Anthropometric dimensions for 180 women and 347 individual children (0–18 years) from a seminomadic population of Datoga pastoralists living in the Eyasi and Yaeda basins of northern Tanzania are used to assess the nutritional status of the population and the magnitude and prevalence of changes between late wet season and late dry season sampling periods (1989–1991). Results reveal high prevalence of undernutrition among both women and children. Almost one‐half of all women were chronically energy deficient (BMI < 18.5) and were estimated to have very low fat stores. Moderate seasonal decreases in fat stores were observed in longitudinal, and also inferred in cross‐sectional, samples of the women. The decreases were more marked among lactating individuals. Almost one‐half of all children showed evidence of growth retardation due to undernutrition. There was some limited evidence of decreased adiposity among children in the dry period relative to the wet period. Although drier ecological conditions are associated with decreased fat stores among both women and children, the change is of small magnitude. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:758–781, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Patients, families, staff and volunteers will be asked to give their views as part of a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach to ascertain the values and beliefs in relation to the definition of spiritual care and what it means for the patient experience. The study will be evaluated against the following outcomes: Design and implement a research project using a qualitative methodology Present the descriptions of spiritual care from the perspective of staff and volunteers and patients/families in the form of an organisational statement and strategy Identify patterns and subsequent themes which emerge from the staff and volunteer perspective Identify and share relevant findings to support the introduction of the spiritual care champion role Identify and share relevant findings to support the introduction of feedback from patients and their families about their experience Design an introduction to spiritual care for the induction of all staff and volunteers Implement a spiritual care assessment tool for staff Share this research with the wider community through connecting with the multi faith network surrounding a UK Hospice and thus increase (community) engagement via this network Share learning within the hospice movement.


Partnership building and stakeholder participation is a key element for sustainable natural resources management. Soil is a natural resource, which is much under threat to degradation and exhaustion due to poor management practices by users. In Kasitu sub-county Bundibugyo district, in the Rwenzori region, many unsustainable practices and neglect to conserve, and replenish the resource have exposed the soils to much erosion, loss of productivity as well as landslides. The extension system that trained farmers on different soil management practices and enforced bylaws to practice and manage soils during the colonial era is long collapsed. This paper narrates the participatory processes, methods and management approaches the ECOSTAR project, a partnership between the Bundibugyo district and the World Agroforestry Centre in partnership with stakeholders including the grassroot communities used to formulate, adapt and implement innovative methodologies for sustainable soil management. The experience generated would ensue into identification of best practices and scaling up of interventions in other areas of the district for the sustainable management of soils and curbing of erosion, which is a major problem facing this mountainous region.


The aim of this paper is to apply two indexes for measuring the cred- ibility of the inflation targeting in Brazil and to analyze their outcomes. The findings denote that the framework adopted for this monetary regime in Brazil is not adequate


ABSTRACT Providing accurate and timely information to the public following an oil spill event can be a challenging exercise for oil spill responders. In an event that generates a great deal of medi...


Based on the latest achievements in computer vision and RGB-D SLAM, a practical way for dense moving object segmentation and thus a new framework for robust dense RGB-D SLAM in challenging dynamic scenarios is put forward. As the state-of-the-art method in RGB-D SLAM, dense SLAM is very robust when there are motion blur or featureless regions, while most of those sparse feature-based methods could not handle them. However, it is very susceptible to dynamic elements in the scenarios. To enhance its robustness in dynamic scenarios, we propose to combine dense moving object segmentation with dense SLAM. Since the object segmentation results from the latest available algorithm in computer vision are not satisfactory, we propose some effective measures to improve upon them so that better results can be achieved. After dense segmentation of dynamic objects, dense SLAM can be employed to estimate the camera poses. Quantitative results from the available challenging benchmark dataset have proved the effectiveness of our method.


The aim is to give a historical account of the disaster movie genre in
 chronological order, in continuation of the cultural and technological
 history of sublime disasters. The films in question employ the receptive
 and general aesthetic characteristics of the sublime for their depictions
 of catastrophic events. My discussion also includes the specific media
 technological environments in which the films were performed, insofar
 as cinema's potential to function as a medium of the sublime represents
 the receptive foundation of the films. What is excluded from this historical
 account is the interpretations of the films' disasters as allegories of specific
 contemporary political and socio-cultural events. In opposition to these
 (often premature) readings, one must take the immediate sensuality and
 the receptive tactics of disaster films seriously and elucidate the genre's
 transformations by reference to the mechanisms of economic profit and
 technological innovation and application.


Users of today's software perform tasks by interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI) front-end via sequences of input events. Due to the flexibility offered by most GUIs, the number of event sequences grows exponentially with length. One ubiquitous challenge of GUI testing is to selectively generate those sequences that lead to potentially problematic states. This paper presents ALT, a new technique that generates GUI test cases in batches, by leveraging GUI run-time information from a previously run batch to obtain the next batch. Each successive batch consists of "longer" test cases that expand the state space to be explored, yet prune the "unimportant" states. The "alternating" nature of ALT allows it to enhance the next batch by leveraging certain relationships between GUI events (e.g., one enables the other, one alters the other's execution) that are revealed only at run-time and non-trivial to infer statically. An empirical study on four fielded GUI-based applications demonstrates that ALT is successful at identifying complex failure-causing interactions between GUI events.


Digital libraries (DLs) are the focus of professional movements in the medical, legal, and scholarly communities. DLs are being used increasingly nationwide in the legal profession for research; computer-integrated court reporting; and for trial presentations of multimedia documents and evidence photos. We present results of a study which contributes to DL research by examining some new DL design concepts within the legal domain. Two key forms of DL usability-interface and organizational-are discussed. While the human-computer-interaction (HCI) research community has made progress in improving interface usability, organizational usability is less well understood. We introduce the concept of organizational usability which refers to the mix between a computer system's design and an organization's characteristics such that the system can be effectively integrated into the work practices of members of the organization and is socially accepted by them. We explore the technical and sociotechnical dimensions of organizational usability by applying them to DLs used in the California Superior Courts.


The activity and stereoselectivity of phosphane- and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-containing ruthenium benzylidene complexes have been evaluated in macrocyclic ring-closing olefin metathesis to produce unsaturated lactones and lactams. The success of the macrocyclization depends on the nature of the ligand (phosphane or N-heterocyclic carbene) on the ruthenium center and on the NHC properties. As for stereoselectivity, E/Z ratios seem to be influenced not only by the nature of the ruthenium catalyst but also by the thermodynamic stabilities of the resulting unsaturated macrocycles, as confirmed by theoretical results.


ALTHOUGH the estrogen bleeding threshold has been established for monkeys (I, 2), no data are available concerning the minimum amount of estrogen required to produce an effect in the genital system identical with that induced by endogenous estrogen elaborated by the monkey's own ovaries during the first part of the cycle. We are not entitled to claim that the minimum amount of estrogen necessary to cause bleeding is identical with that secreted by the animal from the time of menstruation up to ovulation, even though there is a marked similarity in the histological appearances presented by these two types of endometrium at the height of estrogen effectiveness. With ordinary histological techniques the structure of two specimens of endometrium may appear to be the same, and yet with more sensitive histochemical procedures a very distinct difference may become manifest. This has been clearly shown in the human endometrium (3, 4, 5).


Based on the characteristics of SNS marketing,this paper established an evaluation index system and evaluation model by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to determine the index weight, and minimize the impact of the human subjective bias with a certain degree of objectivity. The example shows that the model has greater maneuverability and practicality.


"The information which can be gathered from the 1991 [Australian] Census on trends in fertility is limited. But an analysis of the one per cent users' sample tape indicates that women with advanced educational qualifications are now having families which are considerably smaller than those of women who have no post-school qualifications."


The synergetic integration of mechanical processes, microelectronics and information processing opens new possibilities to the design of processes as well as for its automatic control. The solution of tasks within mechatronic systems is performed on the process side and the digital-electronic side. As the interrelations during the design play an important role, simultaneous engineering has to take place from the very beginning. Mechatronic systems are developed for mechanical elements, machines, vehicles and precision mechanic devices. The integration of mechatronic systems can be performed by the components (hardware integration) and by information processing (software integration). The information processing consists of low-level and high-level feedback control, supervision and diagnosis and general process management. Special signal processing, model-based and adaptive methods are applied. With the aid of a knowledge base and inference mechanisms, mechatronic systems with increasing intelligence will be developed. The main goals are to increase systems performance, reliability and economy, and decrease production costs.


Victoria, is a recently (1984) impounded, deep, hydro-electric reservoir in Sri Lanka with an established commercial fishery. Participatory appraisal of the fishing community revealed decreasing reliance on fishing income with many fishermen moving away to supplementary occupations because of declining fish catches. Illegal fishing and theft of fishing gear resulting from open access, difficulties encountered in enforcing fisheries regulations and the need for fishermen to find alternative sources of income during low water levels are the major management problems. The top–down centralized management approach previously practised was ineffective in addressing any of these issues. Therefore, the possibilities and limitations for introducing co-management as an alternative management strategy were discussed. Financial hardship coupled with perceived benefits through state sponsored welfare schemes caused a positive attitude change among fishermen, making them respond favourably to fishery management. Establishing a licensing system for controlled access, ensuring greater user-group participation through equitable distribution of state sponsored benefits among members, attempting to enforce penalties for illegal fishing linked with surprise checks to enforce management regulations, and obtaining stakeholder perceptions regarding management issues are some of the recent steps taken by the Fishermen's Co-operative Society which would positively contribute towards developing effective co-management in this reservoir.


A method for the determination of germanium content in cobalt white alloy was established by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).Analytical conditions,such as method of sample dissolution,choice of analytical spectral lines and interference of matrix elements,were investigated and discussed.Precision and accuracy tests were studied.The results showed that the detection limit is 0.043g/mL.The results indicated that the determined values of germanium in cobalt white alloy obtained by ICP-AES were in accordance with those obtained by other determination methods.The relative standard deviation(RSD)was between 1.1% and 1.9%(n=7).The recovery was between98.5% and 102.1%.The established method was accurate,fast and suitable for the determination of germanium in cobalt white alloy.


Congenital syphilis plays a small part in the individual professional life of any one of us, but in the mass its destructive activities in fetal and infantile life are so appalling that any effort to reduce its incidence and mortality is well worth while. The present study is based on records available in all departments of the Children's Hospital and the Infant's Hospital, from Jan. 1, 1901, to Dec. 31, 1925. The diagnosis was made in 1,446 cases. On careful checking up, only 581 cases were accepted for use, the others being discarded on account of too short a period of observation or insufficient or incomplete data. The records analyzed for this paper are those only which have satisfied all criteria for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. INCIDENCE The numbers of syphilitic babies in a given community have been estimated by various observers to be as high as 3 or


To elucidate the role of IFN-γ in antifungal CD4+ Th-dependent immunity, 129/Sv/Ev mice deficient for IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR−/−) were assessed for susceptibility to gastrointestinal or systemic Candida albicans infection and for parameters of innate and adaptive T helper immunity. IFN-γR−/− mice failed to mount protective Th1-mediated acquired immunity upon mucosal immunization or in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast. The impaired Th1-mediated resistance correlated with defective IL-12 responsiveness, but not IL-12 production, and occurred in the presence of an increased innate antifungal resistance. The development of nonprotective Th2 responses was observed in IFN-γR−/− mice upon mucosal infection and subsequent reinfection. However, under experimental conditions of Th2 cell activation, the occurrence of Th2 cell responses was similar in IFN-γR−/− and in IFN-γR+/+ mice. These results indicate the complex immunoregulatory role of IFN-γ in the induction of mucosal and nonmucosal anticandidal Th cell responses; IFN-γ is not essential for the occurrence of Th2 responses but is required for development of IL-12-dependent protective Th1-dependent immunity.


The article discusses the manpower resource actuality of the software industry in China and points out that it is serious pinch for the software collar. Training software blue collar is the important task of vocational technology education.


Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were obtained from the feces of naturally infected calves and the oocyst wall was examined ultrastructurally. The oocyst wall averaged 49.7 nm thick and was composed of two layers. The outer layer was irregular in thickness, averaging 10 nm. A thin, electron-lucent space (2.5 nm) was interposed between the outer and inner layers. The inner layer had an outer (11.6 nm) and an inner (25.8 nm) zone. A suture that extended partway around the oocyst was observed within the inner layer of the oocyst wall. The suture underwent dissolution during excystation.


A set of optimal parameter to minimizing the selecting data was recommended in this paper based on forming process of the selecting data. We dicussed the forming process and the minimum storage space of the selecting data and compared two arithmetic-parallel arithmetic and interleaving arithmetic of the selecting data. This paper provided basics of pattern software development for electronic jacquard machine.


The statins, widely used for treatment of different forms of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycerydemia, have a variety of chemical structures. Five common statins were investigated in this work: atorvastatin (2-(4-fluorophenyl)-b,d-dihydroxy-5(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid), cerivastatin ((3R,5S,6E)-7-[4-(p-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridyl]-3,5dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acid), fluvastatin ((3R,5S,6E)-rel-7-[3(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acid), lovastatin ((2S)-2-methylbutanoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-


The pitting corrosion resistance of AISI 444, 304L and 316L stainless steels in two tap waters with different chloride concentrations at 80 °C was studied. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests were carried out starting from Ecorr − 30 mV until the current density reached 0.1 mA/cm2 (scan rate 0.166 mV/s); the scan was then reversed and continued until new passivity conditions were achieved. The corrosion potential was measured before the polarization experiments. From the E‐log i plots, the values of pitting and protection potential were obtained; from these potentials, the perfect and the imperfect passivity regions were defined to compare the corrosion resistance of the studied steels. CPP tests were performed both on as received stainless steel samples and on samples submitted to different cleaning–passivation treatments to improve their corrosion resistance. The results indicate that, for industrial production, AISI 444 stainless steel can substitute the more expensive AISI 304L or 316L after a cleaning–passivation treatment that reduces the presence of inclusions.


The main goal of this paper is to study the existence and data dependence of the flxed points for a class of generalized expansive multifunctions.


A sensor element (1) for thermal applications comprises a substrate (2) having a skeletal structure based on a ceramic. The ceramic is preferably a carbide ceramic. In order to enable application of circuit elements (4, 5, 6) on the substrate (2), a covering layer (3) is provided, are closed by the openings on the surface of the substrate (2).


We perform magnetoresistance (MR) measurements to experimentally track magnetic domain wall pinning/depinning process in L-shaped Permalloy (Py) nanostructures with widths in the range 50-400 nm. We demonstrate that the field interval between the pinning/depinning events increases with the reduction of the nanowire width. The most reproducible measurements are obtained from the narrowest devices. MR measurements reveal that the stochastic contribution to pinning/depinning processes is higher when the applied field is oriented symmetrically with respect to both arms of the device. The interpretation of experimental results is supported by micromagnetic simulations.


The business activities and management of financial intermediary organs is a developing process of ceaseless regulation and ceaseless improvement,it suffers the influence of political and economic environment in different stages ,the scope and efficiency of financial activity is quite different and the risks is not the same too.Turn back to look the history and its inevitable connection with the system of politics and economy of the vicissitudes of the financial intermediary organs of our country ,recognize its organizational form business regulation and the change law of risk will be helpful for raising the ideology of management and risk administration of modern financial organs.


For the system to work properly, it needs a suitable DC-DC converter. High output voltage and power, low harmonic distortion, low ripple content at both current and voltage, and high efficiency gain with fewer component requirements are just a few of the parameters for a good converter. A lot of the converters are made to meet some of the aforementioned requirements. With increased potential for BLDC drive-based Electric Vehicle (EV) applications, the converter chosen in this article is one that will be suitable for those applications. Before recommending a converter for a certain usage, its performance must be evaluated. Various converter topologies are considered. The validation process goes into great detail for the design topology, components used, equations created, loss calculations, and output performances. The majority of converters perform better than expected when choosing the right component values. Applications that work well are provided together with the findings of the converters and the related values.


Abstract : An exploratory time series data-population screening problem is considered. A moderate, but not a large, number of categorical or labeled time series are obtained from different individuals (or objects). There is broad intersubject time series variability in each category. The objectives are to obtain a statistically reliable estimate of the minimum achievable probability of misclassification of new time series and to implement a time series classification rule that can achieve that statistical performance. A nearest neighbor classification rule achieves those objectives. With that rule of dissimilarity is computed between a new to-be-classified time series and each of a set of categorically labeled time series. The new time series is classified with the label of its least dissimilar neighbor. In our approach the dissimilarity measure between the time series is an estimate of the Kullback Leibler number between the time series computed as if the time series were normally distributed. This dissimilarity measure is shown to have sufficient metric properties for the formal Cover and Hart asymptotic nearest neighbor and Rogers finite sample nearest neighbor classification rule properties to hold.


Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University대규모 도로사면의 경우 대부분 소단 형식의 계단식 절개사면인 경우가 많다. 특히 단층파쇄대와 동반된 절개사면은안정성 확보를 위해 특별한 보강공법이 요구된다. 이러한 특이 사면에서의 경우는 지질적 특성 때문에 기존 사면 보강공법으로는 어려운 경우가 많다. 특히 파쇄대 발달 구간에서는 굴착과 발파로 인해 암반 내 블록의 움직임 및 불연속면의간극이 확대되어 사면의 안전율이 크게 낮아진다. 이로 인해 파쇄대의 지질적 특성에 따른 효율적인 보강대책공법 개발이필요하나 현재까지의 지보재로는 그 적용성에 한계가 있다. 따라서 사면 및 터널 내 특이 파쇄대 구간의 효율적인 안정성확보를 위해 특화된 록볼트 공법 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 최근 특이 암반파쇄대 구간에서 전면 마찰형으로 사용되는 스웰렉스 볼트 공법의 지보효과를 증대시키는 새로운 개량형 록볼트를 개발하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 주요어 : 사면, 터널, 파쇄대 , 개량형 록볼트 , 스웰렉스 볼트There are many slopes generally developed by excavation and cut slope with small steps on massive slopes ofroads. Especially these cut slopes which excavating around fault fracture zone need a reinforcement technology inorder to ensure safety. In the case of slope excavation, it is difficult to use the existing slope support at fracturezone because of geological characteristics. Especially the factor of safety decreases significantly due to the move-ment of blocks in bed rocks and the expansion of interspace of discontinuous planes in fractured zones caused byexcavation. Thus an efficient reinforcement technique in accordance with geological properties of fracture zonesneeds to be developed because the existing slope support has a restricted application. Therefore it is necessary todevelop the specialized rock bolt technique in order to ensure an efficient factor of safety for anomalous fracturezones in slopes and tunnels. The purpose of this study is to develop newly improved rock bolt to increase a supportingeffect of the swellex bolt method used recently as a friction type in fracture zones.Keywords: slope, tunnel, fracture zone, improved rock bolt, swellex bolt


Early intervention treatments and approaches are reaching across the globe. There is no doubt though that these services are a low priority, especially in countries where adequate resources are not available. The practice of psychiatry has, in the last 50 years, moved from asylums, to community mental-health teams, to home treatments and early intervention. There appears to be an increasing body of evidence to suggest that early interventions can work in reducing the duration of untreated illness and aiding better recovery, but this needs to be researched in conditions other than psychoses, for which evidence is strong. This chapter provides recommendations for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. All these recommendations are based on the principle of equity between physical and mental illness, and better integration between psychiatric services and social care and between primary care and psychiatric services.


The Former Adjudication,including the claim preclusion and the issue preclusion,is actually the application of Res Judicata.The Former Adjudication's important role in Justice dues to the Justice idea,the structure and function of government in the USA,and also the design of the system itself.But the Res Judicata had no effect in China,because of the limitation in legislation and some obsolete and obstinate views like "emphasize substantiality and ignore procedure".Actually,the Former Adjudication is not so perfect,so the only right way to use it for reference is to research the connotation of the system combined with the particular situation in China.


Background: Currently preterm labour is one of the most challenging problem faced by both obstetricians and perinatologists, this episode in the course of woman's pregnancy takes a heavy tool for perinatal mortality which accounts for approximately 50-75%. The incidence of preterm labour is estimated to be 5-10% of all pregnancies.Methods: It was a prospective randomize control trail over a period of 3 year at department of obstetrics and gynecology, tertiary care hospital Pune, Maharashtra, India. Total 100 subjects were randomized into two groups with group one receiving vaginal micronized progesterone and group two control group receiving only tocolytics and steroids. Subsequently authors compared the safety and efficacy of vaginal micronized progesterone versus placebo as a maintenance therapy in preventing preterm labour.Results: This analysis showed that women who randomized to progesterone prophylaxis had a significantly increase in duration of pregnancy. The mean of birthweight in Group A and Group B was 2963±36 gm and 2567±49 gm and respectively which confirmed the positive effects of progesterone on increasing infants' weights at birth.Conclusions: Authors concluded that progesterone therapy had acceptable efficacy in the prevention of preterm labor in terms of prolongation of delivery and by increasing gestational age at delivery.


This paper describes the results of quasi-static and dynamic tests of a new shock energy absorber (SEA) capable of high energy absorption while limiting peak dynamic force magnitude in the event of an impact or collision. The SEA utilizes the unique reversible phase transition behavior of Ultra High Molecular Weight Poly-Ethylene (UHMWPE) material under pressure. A prototype drop hammer test confirmed the device's high energy absorption as well as high damping capabilities at a relatively high deformation rate. The results of the test were used to calibrate a finite element (FE) model that enabled scalability of the SEA for practical applications. Preliminary design and FE simulations were made under a Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsored program toward using a set of SEA as a part of a crash energy management (CEM) system to improve locomotive crashworthiness. The main objective of the program was to prevent locomotive override in the event of an inline collision with a hopper car consist at a closing speed of 30 mph. The FE model, without CEM, was validated to a previously performed full-scale locomotive crashworthiness test at Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), Pueblo. The FE simulation results with added CEM system showed successful prevention of locomotive override up to 32.1 mph collision speed. Further scope of using suitably tailored SEA units as buffers to the ends of passenger coaches and tank cars with the objective of enhancing their crashworthiness is discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Little has been published on Action Research (AR) in Germany in recent years (von Unger et al. 2007), where this research method is historically not as established and recognised as it is, for example, in the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian context. In the German context, AR "always had and still has a very weak position" (Fricke 2011:249). But internationally, participatory and action-based research methods are an established part of qualitative research, which becomes clear when one looks at the wealth of current English-language textbooks and research guides on Action Research (e.g. Herr/Anderson 2005; Reason/Bradbury 2013). This is contrasted by a different development of these methods in the German context, resulting in a generally critical attitude towards them, as described by Burkhard Hill (2013). A recent paper on teacher-practitioner research in music education (Buchborn/Malmberg 2013) and the critical response to it (Niessen et al. 2014) exemplifies this situation.

Through this article, I would like to enable a deeper understanding of AR, which takes into account these international perspectives. I will examine in what way AR is an appropriate research method for certain research questions in music education, specifically in community music. To further the development of music education research in Germany, I believe there is a need to include research methods that have been accepted internationally as part of the qualitative methods spectrum (for example AR and arts based research methods).

In the following, I will introduce and analyse AR as a research method in community music, using examples from the Munich Community Music Action Research Group (MCMARG), which I facilitate as part of a research project on developing community music in Munich. I will start by defining community music (Chapter 1) and introducing AR as a research method (Chapter 2), followed by a brief look at the research questions that guided my study. Then I will describe the research context and exemplify the research process of AR through the example of the MCMARG (Chapter 3). Finally, I will reflect on the challenges and benefits of AR as a research method in community music (Chapter 4) and offer some final conclusions (Chapter 5).


Abstract This article describes a simple and cost-effective method for compiling and reporting statistics on the use of the Emerson College Library's Web site and the online resources available from it. Web site usage is differentiated by in-library, on-campus, and off-campus location. Why the Log Analysis model was selected, how it is applied, and what reports can be generated are discussed.


The paper deals with the basic features of the contemporary life-space which has been created and shaped by information industry. On the basis of various analyses and positions put forward in published matters, and on the basis of the results of a survey we carried out, we devised twelve theses which address the most relevant features of the contemporary life-space, as well as the dominant attitudes and tendencies concerned with these features.


This paper seeks to analyze the Indian experience with capital account liberalization and its regulatory structure of capital controls. In doing so, it examines some exchange rate policy dilemmas that arise to consider their macroeconomic implications. The main object of the essay, however, is to explore the interface between national regulation for cross-border capital movements and international norms for a proposed World Financial Authority that would act as a regulator in international financial markets. In this construct, capital controls are just another form of regulation of markets. It is argued that any framework for capital controls would need to be flexible. For example, quantitative controls or regulatory controls should be just as permissible as price-based controls. Even asymmetries in controls, between capital outflows and capital inflows, residents and non-residents, or individuals and corporates, which are discernible from the Indian experience, should be consistent with such a framework. Underlying objectives can differ between countries and change over time. Therefore, capital controls can range from prudential controls for crisis prevention and ad hoc controls for crisis management to safeguard controls for the balance of payments and developmental controls for autonomy in the formulation of economic policies. In conclusion, the paper suggests three fundamental principles for any framework to create a World Financial Authority. First, it should recognize that capital account liberalization is a means and not an end in itself. Second, it should provide for safeguards, not only to protect the balance of payments but also to manage the macroeconomic vulnerability associated with cross-border capital movements. Third, it should incorporate development as an objective, so that the international regime is conducive for the pursuit of national development objectives and does not reduce degrees of freedom for countries that are latecomers to development.


In the last few years it has been recognized that two apparently distinct classes of peculiar high-energy sources are actually related and can be explained as young neutron stars with magnetic fields as high as 10e14 - 10e15 Gauss. One of these ''magnetars'', SGR 1806-20, has recently emitted the most powerful giant flare ever recorded. The high-energy observations of SGR 1806-20 carried out with XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL in the past two years showed a long term trend of increasing activity preceding the 2004 December 27 event. INTEGRAL data of this giant flare provided unique evidence for hard X-ray emission lasting about one hour after the burst onset, possibly due to the interaction of mildly relativistic ejecta with the circumstellar medium.


Increasing traffic flows on road infrastructures and the associated comfort and safety problems have led to an increased risk of accidents for road users. To take the proper corrective actions, it is fundamental to analyze the accident phenomenon in all its aspects. The purpose of the current paper was the development of an accident prediction model for rural road segments of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (FVG) Region. The model predicts the accident frequency as a function of Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), segment length, and both geometrical and environmental features related to the targeted road segment. The procedure is based on the Empirical Bayes (EB) method. The statistical model used to express the road segments' safety was the multivariate regression structure of the Safety Performance Functions. Results of a CURE plots analysis verified that the model is highly reliable in predicting the accident dataset for AADT up to 12500 vehicles per day.


Title: Changes of tau profiles in brains of the hamsters infected with scrapie strains 263K or 139A possibly associated with the alteration of phosphate kinases Authors:


. The rapidly oscillating Ap stars (roAp) are a class of nonra-dially pulsating stars oscillating in low-degree modes with periods of 4-15 minutes. We have started a program to study the oscillations on several roAp stars using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements. The typical mean RV amplitude for the roAp stars we have observed is 50-400 ms -1 , but this amplitude depends on the spectral region used for the measure ment of the RV amplitude. A detailed line-by-line analysis reveals that the pulsational amplitude depends not only on atomic species, but on the line strength as well. For a given atomic species weak spectral lines exhibit a pulsational amplitude 10-100 times higher than for strong lines. The elemental effect can be understood in the context of the inhomoge-neous distribution of elements known to occur on these stars and that is believed to result from the global dipole magnetic fields that are present. For instance, if an element is concentrated near the magnetic pole then it may have a higher RV amplitude than one that is distributed about the magnetic equator. The line strength effect is interpreted as arising from vertical structure to the pulsations since weaker lines are formed, on average, deeper in the atmosphere than stronger lines. Precise RV mea surements may prove to be a powerful tool for probing both the vertical and horizontal structure of the pulsations in roAp stars.


Because many pedestrians suffer fatal head injuries in traffic accidents in Japan, methods of evaluating pedestrian head protection are being investigated along with various technologies for improving the energy-absorbing characteristics of the vehicle body. One approach to improve energy-absorption is to expand available energy-absorbing space. However, this approach has a considerable influence on vehicle design, which is directly related to fuel economy. Accordingly, future technologies for increasing energy-absorbing space through the use of devices or for reducing the head impact velocity itself are also considered important. This paper describes two future pedestrian protection technologies that have less effect on vehicle design. One is a "rear-rising hood" that increases the energy-absorbing space at the time of a vehicle-pedestrian collision. The other is an "airbag system for controlling pedestrian collision kinematics" that can help reduce the head impact velocity against the vehicle by helping to control the kinematics of a pedestrian following a collision with a vehicle. The "rear-rising hood" is designed to raise the rear part of the hood upon estimating or detecting an imminent collision between a pedestrian's head and the vehicle. It uses an electric motor to drive an actuator that raises the rear part of the hood by 100 mm and can also lower the hood again. In collision tests conducted with a pedestrian dummy and an experimental vehicle fitted with the system, it was found that head injury values were reduced by 50% under certain controlled conditions. The "airbag system for controlling pedestrian collision kinematics" features an airbag mounted at the front of the vehicle to control the collision kinematics of a pedestrian. This system can help serve to control the collision kinematics of a pedestrian's lumbar region such that it moves upward over the hood leading edge instead of rotating around the hood edge. In collision stead tests conducted with an experimental vehicle fitted with this system, it was found that the impact velocity of the pedestrian dummy's head against the vehicle was reduced by 50% under certain controlled conditions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E825082.


Abstract : This report examines language and area competencies, research, campus-based and national organizations, and library and information resources. It concludes that the combined federal and private resources invested over several decades have created an immensely valuable national resource in language and area studies, one unrivaled anywhere in the world. The period growth and expansion, however, has come to an end. Important parts of this national resource have are in clear danger of serious decline. Furthermore, vital gaps exist in both the research and teaching components of language and area studies programs. Present funding mechanism are inflexible and inadequate. Capacities, now missing, to monitor the cross-sectional nature of the field and to allocate resources in ways better suited to the nation's needs for language and area expertise are required. The report recommends some new programs and modifications of existing ones in those government agencies and private organizations most interested in thesse areas. It calls for relatively small but carefully targeted investments.


An investigation was made of an optically pumped rubidium laser with its resonator filled with a nitrogen–methane gas mixture. Conditions under which the shift of the transition frequency was zero were determined for a nitrogen–methane mixture. Under these conditions the output power was 3–10–10 W.


D oes the spread of information and communication itechnology force a global worldview upon us? This question has been tackled by several social scientists and some have hoped, some feared for positive answer. I will not keep the reader in suspense. The answer I propose is that probably not-information and communication technology creates possibilities for the formation of worldviews, but it does not force a unified worldview upon people. Let us look at the details. The argument will proceed in four steps: first I will look at the traditional distinction between technics and technology , and suggest that it does not hold if analysed systematically. Secondly, I will provide reasons for believing that, indeed , the spread of information and communication technology will affect the cognitive contents of different cultures; Thirdly I will look at the possible implications of this thesis, and further inquire into the possible explanations of why unified worldviews have not emerged. Fourthly I will employ the distinction between primary and secondary theories of the world for the purpose of explicating the cultural impacts of technology. One traditional way of conceptualising the realm of technology is to draw a distinction between technics and technology. The former refers to the concrete, material systems like tools and other artifacts, whereas the latter refers to the cog-nitive models by means of which these artifacts are utilised. This Mumfordian distinction is apparently based on an assumption concerning human evolutionary history: our ancestors had only tools, whereas we have a systematic body of knowledge, institutionalised administration, division of labour and all the rest that make up the whole of technology [1]. I would suggest that the distinction between technics and technology does not hold, at least for the following reasons: • the historical assumption is itself an upshot of moder-nity, belonging to a larger family of assumptions that constructs radical distinctions between premodern, modern, and postmodern eras • artifacts do not exist without their cognitive counterparts ; a simple tool like a screwdriver is a screwdriver only in relation to various cognitive models, individual and collective; the models of simple artifacts are themselves simple, but they are models anyway • technology in the sense of cognitive models could-in principle-exist without the corresponding material artifacts, but that situation is rare; in research and development , there is a phase when models are constructed , but their point is that the pertinent material artifacts …


At the end of the fifties a small company of liturgical scholars, meeting regularly at Utrecht in the centre of the Netherlands for joint study and exchange of insights, took upon itself the task of bringing the forms of worship in the Reformed Church in the Netherlands more in conformity with the patterns ofthe great Western liturgical traditions. 1 Several years of deeply digging study and discussion resulted in something of an unofficial 'Book of Common Order' for worship, containing all forms of the services proper to every feast and fast, to every Sunday of the liturgical year, together with a good deal of valuable suggestions for the improvement of liturgical practice.? With the fruits of this labour in print, we had in mind first of all to contribute to a proper liturgical use of Holy Writ in our churches. We therefore did our utmost to offer in our publications the best suggestions for a lectionary in congruity with the main traditions of the Western Church. So we joined the old Roman, Anglican and Lutheran lectionaries for the Epistle and Gospel lessons. In the ancient rites of Milan, of the SpanishVisigothic Liber Comicus and in the lectionaries of Luxeuil and Bobbio, both Gallican in origin, we found corresponding Old Testament lessons. For it was our intention to restore the ancient custom of having a portion of the Old Testament read as the first of three lessons in divine service. Behind that intention stood our firm conviction that in Sunday Morning worship also the voice of Torah and Prophets should be heard. Meanwhile our liturgical publications received a rather gratifying interest among our fellow ministers and a fairly wide dispersion in our protestant churches. Our suggested lectionary became part of the rite in quite a few congregations. During our preparatory investigations we had rediscovered many abstruse and fascinating connections between the various lessons, bringing to light the typological relations between Old and New Testament, and consequently leading to an insight into the typological structure of the Old Testament. We also discovered the structural coherence between the lessons and the other parts of the service. Continuation of our research and liturgical practice during many years


This paper utilizes Whyte's groupthink recast framework to analyze the Major League Umpires Association resignation decision. Our analysis supports the importance of high collective efficacy to groupthink and thus defective decision making. Implications for both research and practice are presented based on our analysis.


An efficient algorithm for designing a serial and parallel multioutput logic unit using an associative polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting technique is presented. Devices designed as such have a unique contentaddressable associative memory where each of the memory locations has dual addresses. For illustration, the proposed algorithm has been used to design a serial-output and a parallel-output 2-bit gray adder.


The financial data supply chain is vital to the economy, especially for banks. It affects their customer service level, therefore, it is crucial to manage the scheduling of the financial data supply chain to elevate the efficiency of banking sectors' performance. The primary tool used in the data supply chain is data batch processing which requires efficient scheduling. This work investigates the problem of scheduling the processing of tasks with non-identical sizes and different priorities on a set of parallel processors. An iterative dynamic scheduling algorithm (DCSDBP) was developed to address the data batching process. The objective is to minimize different cost types while satisfying constraints such as resources availability, customer service level, and tasks dependency relation. The algorithm proved its effectiveness by allocating tasks with higher priority and weight while taking into consideration customers' Service Level Agreement, time, and different types of costs, which led to a lower total cost of the batching process. The developed algorithm proved effective by testing it on an illustrative network. Also, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the model parameters for networks with different sizes and complexities to study their impact on the total cost and the problem under study.


tional Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis recommended clinicians make an individualized treatment plan after shared decisionmaking with their patients regarding the use of direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. They specifically recommended the use of rivaroxaban and edoxaban in patients with a low bleeding risk (not defined) and no drug-to-drug interactions with current medications. Guideline authors did not provide a strength or grade for the recommendation.


The beer recipe optimization is a effective way for reducing the brewing enterprises. Because the recipe optimization belongs to NP-hard problem, It is difficult to obtain the global optimal solution for the traditional optimization algorithm. Though ant colony optimization (ACO) is suitable for solving the combinatorial optimization problems, it still has weakness in solving continuous optimization problems. Therefore, a new ant colony optimization was presented in this paper, and the whole solution space was adjusted properly by using dynamic mining in iterative process. After that, the optimization of beer recipe based on the improved ACO was studied, to reduce the cost of raw materials under the condition of the production constraints. And Simulation results had been showed that comparing with other algorithms, the improved algorithm has better global optimization ability and robustness.


Family and parenteral relations were investigated in 196 schizophrenic patients during 7-12 years. In was confirmed that lonely individuals prevailed among the schizophrenic patients. Psychopathological peculiarities of motivations of beginning, preservation and cessation of marriage were analysed. The distinctive signs of heterosexual activity of patients in marriage as well as their relations in such pairs as "mother-child", "father-child" were also recorded. It was established that with aggravation of psychopathological disturbances the differences from corresponding demographic indices in normal population became more pronounced and social disadaptation more expressed.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of underwater marine environment monitoring platform, particularly relates to an underwater platform for a vertical cross-sectional measurements. A self-regulating variable is set in the heading measurement platform vertical section of Underwater, technical scheme, comprising: Compass satellite communication system (1), CT sensor (2), depth sensors (3), lever (4 ), head capsule (5), a rotary vane mechanism (6), the middle pressure housing (7), hydraulic drive means (8), battery (9), a control circuit board (10), pneumatic drive means ( 11), the end of the housing (12), fitting body (13), an oil airbag (14), an oil bladder shroud (15); a control circuit board of the present invention by a control mechanism for rotating the rotary blade, thereby regulating the flow and the flaps angle direction, implementation platform heading becomes self-regulating function, while using Beidou satellite communications systems and speed and direction of flow can be calculated according to the process of adjusting the wing, providing services to other marine data detection device.


Anemia can be caused by several factors, including the lack of intake of Fe and mother's knowledge. Anemia can occur at any age, especially in pregnant women. Pregnant women are prone to anemia compared with women who did not become pregnant because of the needs of pregnant women Fe higher than non-pregnant women (Widiyanto, 2001). For that pregnant women should pay attention to food intake during pregnancy progresses. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship of Fe and knowledge of food sources of vitamin C with hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum post. The research method sectional survey approach (cross sectional) in the field of clinical nutrition. The population is all pregnant women in the maternity hospital Budi Rahayu who come and check her pregnancy in the maternity hospital Budi Rahayu in June-July 2011 as many as 30 people. Samples were taken by purposive criteria: outpatients at the maternity hospital Budi Rahayu, willing to be a sample and follow up completed research, pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum post. Univariate analysis was used to determine the frequency distribution of the sample characteristics and bivariate to know know the relationship between two variables, preceded by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine normality test data and proceed to the Spearman Rank correlation test. The characteristics of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum post, 86.6% aged 20-30, years, 66.7% had high school, 80% were knowledgeable, 56.7% work as private employees, 30.0% Fe knowledge of food sources moderate, 40.0% knowledge of good food sources of vitamin C, 83.3% of pregnant women pengalami anemia. Normality test indicates that the data are not normally distributed, p-value 0.002 (<0.05) so using Spearman rank correlation test. Results of bivariate analysis showed that there was no relationship between fe and knowledge of food sources of vitamin C with hb levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum post maternity home rahayu Semarang favor with the value of r = 0.305 and p = 1.000 (<0.05).


Agile development of safety-critical software is growing in maturity with signs of industrial adoption. This is driven by the software growth in a variety of safety applications, which also affects operation and business models. The fourth international workshop on agile development of safety-critical software (ASCS) gathered some of the leading researchers and practitioners in the field to discuss recent ideas and developments. This paper presents an overview of the motivation and background for the workshop and the talks that were given.


We study binding corrections to the gyromagnetic factor g{sub e} of an electron in hydrogen-like ions. We argue that the leading order binding effects in radiative corrections {Delta}g{sub rad} are universal to all orders in {alpha}/{pi} and the complete result reads {Delta}g{sub rad} = (g{sub free} - 2) {center_dot} [1 + (Z{alpha}){sup 2}/6] + {Omicron} ({alpha}/{pi} {center_dot} (Z{alpha}){sup 4}). The theoretical uncertainty in the prediction for the experimentally interesting carbon ion is decreased by a factor of about 3.


Chinese wolfberry Lycium barbarum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), is an ancient herbal medicine and has been used for years in China. However, insect pests associated with this plant had not yet been well studied. The present study characterized the main pests associated with this plant. The method of risk assessment indices and the method of experience formulae were used to analyze the risk of pests under different management systems. The result demonstrates most frequent, incidental, and general insect pest in abandoned, organic and conventional fields. Analyses using CANCORR showed that the dynamics of pest populations were similar in all fields under different management system. Moreover, the matrices of correlation coefficients showed that dynamics of pests were significantly correlated. The correlation coefficients in dichotomous pattern viz. the abandoned field and the conventional field, the abandoned field and the organic field, the conventional field and the organic field were 0.8504, 0.8447, and 0.8564, respectively. Dynamics of the populations showed that the frequent disaster pests had two population establishment stages and one exponential growth stage in a year. The optimal controlling stages were from late part of the infancy period to early part of outbreak I period, middle of outbreak I period and from late part of dormancy period to early of outbreak II period. These were the key periods to control pest outbreak. The implications of these results are discussed.


In the paper, the amalgamation of block sum and Haar transform algorithms like mixed algorithm. It is based best trait removal method accessible for iris detection method. Iris images will be classified by using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. Initially in the preprocessing step, the images are localized and segmented and unwrapped to rectangular blocks which are then decayed by circular Daugman Rubber Sheet model. Experimental result shows that the proposed technique is more suitable in comparison to the established technique. The complete simulation is being done in MATLAB 2012@ software with False Acceptance Rate, False Rejection Rate and recognition rate as parameters.


The present study examines the role of feature generalization and metalinguistic awareness in the perception and learning of novel non‐native speech contrasts by 40 bilingual speakers (Bengali–English and Spanish–English) and 20 monolingual speakers of American English. Bilinguals, unlike monolinguals, employ certain cognitive and linguistic skills during lexical processing and word learning attributed as metalinguistic awareness. This awareness in turn, can be applied in mastering unfamiliar phonetic features in a third language. A second issue concerns the role that native phonetic features may play in the development of new phonetic categories involving same phonetic features (feature generalization hypothesis). To explore both factors, a high variability perception training paradigm was used to examine the acquisition of novel non‐native speech contrasts (containing dental/alveolar‐retroflex place distinction in various manners) from a target language, Malayalam. A consonant identification procedure w...


Cytogenetic analysis using karyotyping and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been the method of choice for identifying chromosomal abnormalities in cancer and other diseases. FISH is a powerful tool enabling detection the amplification or deletion of specific genes of interest using specific fluorescent labelled DNA probes. It has high sensitivity and specificity and enables detection of chromosomal abnormalities present in many genetic disorders. Unfortunately, FISH is labor intensive, gives information only regarding chromosomal changes specifically designated by the nucleotide sequence of the probes. Recently, DNA microarray techniques have allowed the simultaneous detection of vast number of chromosomal abnormalities including deletions, amplifications and translocations. These assays are suitable for large scale screening to discovery previously unknown associations of chromosomal lesions with many types of cancer. In present studies, we performed a retrospective analyses on anonymized data from the Constitutional v3 Array from the Texas Tech University Cytogenetics Lab (Children's Oncology Group reference lab) on 198 sequential patients to determine the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and their disease associations. The patient population included children and adults. The majority of patients had malignancy, but some had pancytopenia or immune deficiency. We found chromosomal rearrangements, amplifications or deletions at 794 loci. The most commonly affected loci were 8p11.21-8p11.22, 15q11.1-15q11.2, 14q11.2, 14q32.33, 9p24 and 9p13. The 8p11.2 locus was amplified in 81 cases and deleted in 17 cases, an amplification/deletion ratio greater than any other locus. At this locus, the KAT6A, ADAM32 and TACC1 genes are known to associate with cancer, while no associations of GPAT4 and TM2D2 have been reported. The ADAM32 gene amplification, previously identified only in breast cancer, was also found in hepatocellular carcinoma, T-cell Lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, Wilm's Tumor, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibromatosis, chondroblastoma, enchondroma, and giant cell tumor of the bone. An oncogenic role of ADAM32 should be investigated in a broad spectrum of pediatric and adult malignancy. Citation Format: Aditya Rajan, Vijay Tonk, Kishore Bhende, Sharda Singh, Sahil Tonk, Sanjay Awasthi. ADAM32 is amplified in a wide range of malignancy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1586.


The mechanical properties of weldments are evaluated in terms of the heterogeneous microstructural characteristics of weldments. Impression creep data on dissimilar metal weldments and on samples with microstructures which simulate regions within weldments are correlated with theoretical predictions of the deformation behavior of heterogeneous materials. Expressions for predicting weld metal microstructures and properties based on solution thermodynamics and kinetics will be further developed and tested. The phase stability and mechanical properties of high manganese ferrous weld metal alloys with specific additions of Ni, Cr, Al and Si are being investigated.


SUMMARY

14C assimilates produced in a single shoot of a sand sedge plant proved to be translocated in the direction of the rhizome tip only. Labelled assimilates were found in all roots in the part of the plant system between the shoot administered with 14CO2 and the rhizome tip, in the youngest shoot and in the rhizome tip itself. The percentage of assimilates exported by the mature shoots proved to be 30–35%. The amount of assimilates exported by the youngest shoot decreased from 22% in a 1-shoot system to zero in the bigger plant systems. In the 5-shoot system also the export of the second youngest shoot started to decrease.

In spite of the relatively great sink strength of the rhizome tip with regard to the assimilates exported by the nearby situated young shoots, the main source of assimilates for the rhizome tip proved to be the older shoots, lying at some distance. The ecological importance of this is that the rhizome tip will be able to cross unfavourable habitats, without the need for assimilates from the newly formed shoots in those habitats.


The baseball is one of the popular games in North and South America, North Asia and some parts of Europe and Africa. It is enjoyed both by participants and spectators. The games centre piece is the spherical ball. The flight trajectory of a baseball largely depends on its aerodynamic characteristics. Despite the popularity of the game, it appears that scant information on aerodynamic force experienced by a baseball is available in the open literature. Having over 108 curved stitches, complex seams and their orientation, the airflow around the ball is believed to be significantly complex and little understood. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate aerodynamic performances of a commercially manufactured baseball. The aerodynamic forces and moments were measured experimentally for a range of wind speeds and seam orientations. The aerodynamic forces and their non-dimensional coefficients were analysed. The results indicate that the drag coefficient of a base ball is close to other closely related balls such cricket ball. The findings also indicate that the seam orientation has profound impact on ball's aerodynamic characterisitcs.


In the current study,the generation of new germplasms by means of irradiation combined with tissue culture was studied.The newly-sprouted storage roots of Xushu 22 as materials were irradiated by60Co-γrays at the doses of 0,10,20,30 and 50Gy respectively.The sprouted sweet potato seedlings obtained were disinfected on the surface.Then,the leaves and petioles were taken out as explants and cultured on the induction medium supplemented with 0.05mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5mg/L KT.The formed calli were transferred on the medium containing 3.0mg/L BAP.The rest of the seedlings without the leaves and petioles were cut into stem segments and placed in the MS basal medium to promote the axillary buds to grow into plants.The results indicated that,with the increase of the irradiation dose,the formation rate of adventitious roots from leaf and petiole explants decreased obviously.At the dose of 20 Gy,the adventitious root formation rate was becoming approximately half of the control group without irradiation.Likewise,the rate of the axillary buds from inoculated stem segments to grow into plants was also apparently reduced as the irradiation dose increased.With the irradiation dose being 30 Gy,the survival rate of plantlets obtained was about half of the control group.Therefore,it is concluded that the optimal irradiation dose of 60Co-γrays is between 20 and 30Gy.


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