This study aims to investigate the use of morphological analysis strategy in enhancing the student's vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension. The research was experimented in the English Department at Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare, with a total sample of 28 students. This study was pre-experiment research with a pretest-posttest design. The result of this study indicated that: (1) in teaching vocabulary through vocabulary analysis strategy, there are significant differences between the mean score of the pre-test (58.57) and the mean score of the post-test (84.28). Besides that, the result of the t-test calculation shows that the t-test value (7.75) is higher than the t-table value (2.052) at a significance level 0.05 from df = 27. (2) In teaching reading comprehension through vocabulary analysis strategy, there are also significant differences between the mean score of the pre-test (54.64) and the mean score of the post-test (80.51). In addition, the result of the t-test calculation shows that the t-test value (9.75) is higher than the t-table value (2.052) at the significance level 0.05 from df = 27. Thus, the student's vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension significantly improve after they are taught using the morphological analysis strategy.


Soil sukodono is clay with LL: 85,73%,PL: 24,69%,PI: 61,04% (Prasetyo 2016). The main problem on soil is the soil condition is less stable (expansive soil) so this soil is necessary for soil improvement. Soil improvement is carried out by chemical soil stabilization usin wood charcoal powder with percentage 10%, 15%,and 20%. The result of the physical properties of the native soil and the mixture obtained plastic limit value has increase, while the water content, specific gravity , liquid limit, plasticity index, shinkage limit, and sieve 200 percent decline. The soil mixture classification of 10% and 15% charcoal powder included the A-7-6, 20% group A-7-5. Soil mixture of wood charcoal powder 10%,15%,and 20% according to USCS system including CH group. The result of test mechanical properties from standart proctor test with mixture wood charcoal powder10%,15%,and 20% decrease value of volume weight and increase of optimum water content. The maximum weight value of the volume is 1,182 gr/cm3 and the highest optimum water content is 38% in the addition of percentage 20% wood charcoal powder.In the consolidation test the value of the consolidation coefficient (Cv) increased as the addition of stabilization materials. At compression index value (Cc) as addition of stabilization material the value of Cc decreases. And for the value of settlementconsolidation (Sc) decreased with addition of stabilization materials. Of the soil stabilization variation in the percentage of added wood charcoal powdered, obtained the percentage of a change in value Cv , Cc , and Sc against native soil.Thus the addition stabilization of wood charcoal powder on soil in sukodono district of sragen regency has improved the mechanical characteristic.


Web site creation and maintenance is becoming commonplace in the community. Individuals, businesses and organisations such as libraries are becoming aware that to have a presence on the 'Net' is desirable and even obligatory. Some sites are designed for a broad and often undefined audience, others are aimed at very specific audiences with particular purposes or problems. Library sites often try to do both by attempting to reach the 'general public' and specific groups of users.


The production of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, B12 glutamic acid and lysine by Azotobacter chroococcum, grown in chemically‐defined media (N‐free or NH+ 4) and dialysed‐soil media with 0.5% glucose or mannitol in the presence of maize root exudates were significantly increased compared with control media without maize root excretions. However, the production of niacin, biotin, thiamine, riboflavin and tryptophane was not significantly affected by the presence of maize root exudates in the culture media.


Abstract This discussion explores challenges that college of education faculty members in the United States encountered when developing and implementing technology standards for students. The goal of this research project was to gain an understanding of faculty members' experience with technology, particularly in the context of implementing standards in response to the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education requirements for teacher education academic programs. Findings of this qualitative, naturalistic research project revealed a number of faculty concerns regarding technology in teaching and standards for students, including technology's impacts on communication and relationships in teaching, and anxiety around technology use. The discussion concludes with implications for practice and suggestions for further research


The invitro activity of ethanolic and water extracts of some spices on some bacteria isolated from kilishi (a traditional meat snack) was investigated by disc diffusion method. Disc concentrations of 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg were used. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of ginger was active against Salmonella at disc concentrations of 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg, with zone diameters of 8, 19, 26 and 30mm respectively. The ethanolic extract of cloves was active against Salmonella spp at disc concentrations of 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg, with zone diameters of 13, 24, 25, 26 and 26mm respectively. The ethanolic extract of West African Black pepper was active against Salmonella spp at disc concentrations of 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg, with zone diameters of 12, 14, 20, 22 and 23mm respectively. The ethanolic extract of pepper was active against Staph aureus at disc concentrations of 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg, with zone diameters of 11, 12, 16, 22 and 34mm respectively. The ethanolic extract of cloves was active against at Staph aureus at disc concentrations of 10, 100, 1000, 2000 and 3000μg, with zone diameters of 12, 13, 13, 17 and 22mm respectively. There was no activity on E. coli. The mixture of
all the extracts however was not active on all the test organisms at the above mentioned disc concentrations. Each of the extracts contains atleast three of such secondary metabolites as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars and steroids. It could be recommended that bioactivity of spices should not be relied upon in the reduction of microbial populations of meat products. The ethanolic fractions of the spices should be put to further pharmacological in vivo tests to elucidate their potency, toxicity and efficacy. Key words: Phytochemical, bioactivity, spices, bacterial isolates, kilishi.


Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713455284 Activation pathways of osteoclasts are up-regulated by micromotions at the bone-implant interface V.A. Stadelmann a; D.P. Pioletti a a Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, EPFL-HOSR, Institute of Translational Biomechanics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland


Supply chain stakeholders are increasingly paying attention to the optimal design of their supply chains because of several reasons like increasing production cost, reducing product life cycles, sh ...


Your Personal Librarian is your own information concierge service. Use this guide to learn about the program and to connect with Your Personal Librarian to get the most out of your UTA Libraries experience.


Extant literature on racial attitudes and public policy tends to focus upon white racial attitudes toward African-Americans and how these attitudes mediate public policy. We argue that with our increasingly diverse country it is critical to examine different groups in order to get a comprehensive view of how racial attitudes mediate public policy. Using the 2008 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post Election Survey (CMPS), we test whether racial stereotypes toward Latinos, African-Americans, and immigrants mediate the electorate's attitudes toward critical national public policies. Furthermore, we test various racial attitudes hypotheses (symbolic racism, group competition, racial context, and immigrant attitudes) in relation to one another, and in relation to various public policies. We find that racial attitudes are significant predictors of public policy, but they are complex in nature and vary by policy.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). CHI 2013 Extended Abstracts, April 27–May 2, 2013, Paris, France. ACM 978-1-4503-1952-2/13/04. Abstract Analyzing large data sets on ordinary computer screens can be very cumbersome as size and resolution of desktop screens are rather limited. As a potential solution, ultra-high resolution powerwalls extend the researcher's work space and facilitate the analysis of large data sets. However, the interaction with powerwalls requires new interface technologies beyond keyboard and mouse. This paper contributes an interaction concept which allows several users to collaboratively interact with powerwalls. The interaction concept uses gesture recognition and table-top techniques to control visualizations on a powerwall. To test our concept in practice we have developed a framework that connects devices, in particular table-top computers, gesture recognition devices and a powerwall with a server. This server renders visualizations on the powerwall. We briefly discuss results of a prototypical implementation in an eye-tracking data analysis scenario.


Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation [Formula: see text] in the Songliao Basin, the largest petroliferous basin in East China, has favorable geological conditions for the shale oil reservoir. Although the first member of Qingshankou formation [Formula: see text] has the maximum value of the organic matter content (total organic carbon (TOC)) comparing with other members, most of the layers are less than 1[Formula: see text]cm. This limits the application of surface seismic survey and logging methods. To explore "sweet spots" of the shale oil and to evaluate resource potential, it is of great significance to determine the thickness and distribution of silty beds/laminae in the thick shale system. In this study, the observed data of the outcrops, cores, and thin sections of [Formula: see text] are used to analyze the characteristics of reservoir space in silty laminae. Distribution model of silty beds/laminae was established by using fractal method. The results show that the silty beds/laminae have large particle size, poor sorting, and relatively developed reservoir space. The pore sizes in silty laminae vary greatly, and the diameters are mostly larger than 50[Formula: see text]nm. The connectivity between pores is good. Although the thickness of single silty bed/laminae mostly ranges from 1[Formula: see text]mm to 6[Formula: see text]mm, the average layers per meter (layers/m) of silty bed/laminae range from 2 to 64. This contributes the cumulative thickness 2.73–31.79% of the total thickness of the whole shale reservoir. According to the fractal analysis, the silty beds/laminae have the uniform fractal characteristics in the decimeter, centimeter, and millimeter levels. And the fractal dimension keeps the scale invariance. The layers and thickness of the thin silty laminae, calculated from Number–Size (NS) fractal model, are in good agreement with observations. This indicates that the fractal-based NS model is an effective method to estimate the parameters of the silty laminae, such as layer number, cumulative thickness, and the ratio of sand to formation. This method provides a reliable reference for the "sweet spot" exploration.


To understand the progress of the global soil respiration,provide a reference for the researchers of related fields,the article presented quantitative analysis of papers on the soil respiration research including article variation tendency,nations and organizations,periodical distribution,author,paper influence and research topic from 1982 to 2011 based on the Web of Science data source,by using the bibliometric tools such as the database analysis tools,Netdraw and CitespaceII.The results showed that,in the past 30 years,the annual number of articles on international soil respiration research was in line with the law of exponential growth,the America and Germany had stronger impact on international soil respiration research and their quality was better,the America was the international center of the cooperative research in soil respiration,followed by the Germany and Canada,two journals with high quality are Journal of Global Change Biology and Soil Biology and Biochemistry.The numbers of papers on soil respiration research in China was ranked the second in the whole world,studying in this field of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of the Chinese Acad Sci was in the top level of that in domestic,which was worthy of attention.The international research of soil respiration concentrated on carbon dioxide flux measurement,forest or ecological system,the relationship of climate change,atmospheric CO2 and soil respiration,influence factors of soil physical or chemical properties(organic,nitrogen,decomposition),temperature and microbial biomass on soil respiration.


The actï e leaky-wa ̈e antenna arrays ha ̈e been demonstrated, which integrate se ̈eral microstrip leaky-wa ̈e antenna elements with a single HEMT oscillator as an actï e source at 10.2 GHz. To excite the first higher order mode, the leaky-wa ̈e antenna is fed asymmetrically. The reflected wa ̈e due to the open end of each leaky-wa ̈e antenna element has been suppressed by the symmetric configuration of this antenna array. When comparing with the measured radiation pattern of the single-element antenna, we found that 1 = 2 and 1 = 4 antenna arrays can effectï ely suppress the reflected power by more than 5.5 and 10.5 dB, respectï ely. Furthermore, the power gains are more than 2 and 3.16 dB higher than the single-element antenna with a measured EIRP of 18.67 dBm. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 14]17, 1998.


C onventionally, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is regarded as the hallmark of type 1 diabetes and indicates pancreatic beta-cell failure and the need for life-long insulin therapy. Though uncommon, DKA may also occur in type 2 diabetes and insulin resistant states such as acromegaly'·2 and acanthosis nigricans.3 The underlying pathophysiology for DKA in such cases is not well understood. Whether long-term insulin therapy is indicated following DKA in insulin resistant states will, to a large extent, depend on the pancreatic reserve in these individuals. In 1997, we reported in this journal a case of acromegaly presenting with DKA.' We would like to report briefly on the subsequent progress of this patient, which may add to our existing knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of DKA in insulin resistant states. Our patient is a Chinese woman who newly presented (age 22) with severe DKA (pH 6.93, plasma glucose 27 mmol/1 and ketonuria) in 1993.' She was found to have acromegalic features, and an extended oral glucose tolerance test confirmed acromegaly. She was initially treated with octreotide and subsequently had transphenoidal surgery followed by radiotherapy one year later. She was subsequently maintained on bromocriptine (growth hormone level ranged between 4 and 6 mU/1). Her other medication included thyroxine and Nordette. Her daily insulin requirement approached 90 units. Since starting insulin in 1993 (BMI 26), she gained 8 kg of weight (BMI 29 in 2001). In 1998, she developed episodes of hypoglycaemia, and insulin dosage was gradually reduced and later withdrawn completely. A normal short synacthen test ruled out hypocortisolism ( cortisol at baseline 91.7 nmol/1, 30 min 727. l nmol/1). Random growth hormone levels were 4.2-6.0 mU/1, and IgFl was 259 μg/1 (NR 84-327 μg/1). On diet alone, her fasting glucose was 8.8 mmol/1, fasting c-peptide 1421 pmol/1 (NR 200-960 pmol/1) and HbAlc 7.2%. The unusual feature in this case is that, despite presenting with DKA initially, she became non-insulin dependent after her growth hormone excess was controlled. Her diabetes was adequately controlled on diet alone. Previous case reports of DKA occurring in acromegalic patients documented significant reduction of insulin and, in some cases, complete discontinuation of insulin therapy after normalisation of growth hormone levels.· Our case provides further evidence that subjects who developed DKA in insulin resistant states may not be insulin-dependent in the long term. The precise pathophysiology underlying DKA in these cases is not fully understood. The development of DKA in acromegaly may indicate a severe insulin resistant state with relative insulin deficiency. This is supported by the elevated fasting c-peptide after insulin withdrawal in our case. Additionally, excessive glucagon, which cannot be suppressed by glucose load in acromegaly, may also play a role in the development of DKA, because it reduces hepatic fructose 2,6-biphosphate, a metabolite that inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis.6 Furthermore, the increase in glucagon to insulin ratio in portal blood enhances hepatic ketogenesis.7 These mechanisms are likely to be pivotal in the pathogenesis of DKA in acromegaly, because normalisation of growth hormone significantly reduces insulin requirement and, in our case, total withdrawal of insulin was possible. The understanding of the pathophysiology is essential in the management of diabetes. Inappropriate use of insulin in insulin resistant states may lead to weight gain, which may result in worsening glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.


System and method for providing efficient channel assignment and communication in the wireless communication network is described. System resources, it is possible to be assigned to the traffic channel for communication between the physical layer frame of the base station and the terminal, some of which may be available for an acknowledgment channel. Resources for an acknowledgment channel, then, allocated resources allocated to an acknowledgment channel, to occupy only a portion of the available resources for an acknowledgment channel in resources allocated to the traffic channel it is possible to be. By acknowledgment channel schedules acknowledgment channel to occupy only available part for acknowledgment channel, traffic data and acknowledgments are more efficiently communicate in a wireless communication system on their respective channels Rukoto can.


Use ANSYS software to the tunnel structure in seismic waves under the stress analysis,through specific examples,research and analysis the lining of the structure and seismic waves on the vertical structure seismic impact in the mountain tunnel.Obtained under different thickness,different shear wave velocity and direction the dynamic response of the tunnel structure.


NiV2O6 catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method using citric acid,malic acid,glycine,glucose as complex agent separately.Thermal effect and weight loss of precursor in the decomposition process was investigated by thermal analysis(TGA-DTA).The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by X ray diffraction(XRD),inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP),specific surface area measurement(BET),hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) as well as their catalytic performances for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene were studied.The results show that the optimized complex agent was glucose.


Research on programming behaviour requires the analysis of a huge amount of observational data. It would be helpful to have tool support in collecting and summarizing these data containing basic programming events. This paper introduces ElectroCodeoGram (ECG), a modular framework consisting of event collectors (called sensors), pattern recognizers (called modules), and other infrastructure to offer help in this respect.


In the psychology field, self-esteem is a concept used to explain the overall sense of the value of an individual. It can also describe how much people love themselves and feel worth and meaningful about their life. According to the previous research, self-esteem refers to individuals' sense of worth or value for themselves. Self-esteem as one of adolescent psychology's traits has been focused on by researchers and educators all the time. Adolescents's self-esteem have a substantial influence on a great number of aspects of adolescents' psychological functioning and mental health. In the review of different research about factors, this review compared the affected factors of adulthood which are related to school achievements, physical attractiveness, or social status, the factors which can impact the self-esteem level of adolescents are different. This article aims to discuss the definition of self-esteem and its causes, the benefits of self-esteem for adolescents, and solutions for adolescent self-esteem.


Experience in Afghanistan during 2005 suggests that the insurgency is not only better organized and more determined, but seems to have adopted a long term strategy. Insurgency-related violence will continue to rise in the area in 2006. Creating a more stable security environment is a prerequisite for the implementation of the processes envisioned in the post-Bonn compact. Short of being able to address the complex issue of the bilateral relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan, the implementation of a counterinsurgency drive designed to address the insurgency


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Polylogarithmic Approximation Algorithms for Weighted-F-Deletion Problems* AKANKSHA AGRAWAL, Institute for Computer Science and Control, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA SZTAKI) DANIEL LOKSHTANOV, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen PRANABENDU MISRA, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen SAKET SAURABH, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, and UMI ReLax MEIRAV ZEHAVI, Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University


Objective: To investigate the effects of Sanqifuzheng injection on the life quality of patients with colon cancer.Methods: A total of 126 colon patients were included,which were further divided into control group(received conventional treatment) and Sanqifuzheng injection treatment group(received conventional treatment plus Sanqifuzheng injection).SAS,SDS and EORTC QLQ-C30 were used to assess the life quality of included patients.Results: Life quality was decreased in both group.It was in the poorest status 7 days after chemotherapy,but was improved before discharge.However,life quality was no more comparable with the level before therapy.Compared to conventional group,quality of life of patients in Sanqifuzheng injection treatment group was significantly improved,with significant higher score(P0.05).Conclusions: Conventional treatment plus Sanqifuzheng injection can improve quality of life of patients with colon cancer.


U.S. shipyards are experiencing a lack of stock designs when compared with world-class shipyards. Shipyards in this country usually develop unique designs from scratch. New designs are traditionally performed by design agents, who do not account sufficiently for production requirements and constraints. This process typically results in excessive production re-engineering and/or rework. This paper presents a production-based methodology that is being developed under the National Shipbuilding Research Program/American Shipbuilding Enterprise (NSRP/ASE) Project 21, Develop and Implement World-Class U.S. Material Standards and Parametric Design Rules to Support Commercial and Naval Auxiliary Ship Construction. This methodology utilizes a zonal design approach that leverages work previously accomplished under the Shipbuilding Technology contract between Designers & Planners, Inc., and the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Development Center in the 1994-1998 time frame. Under this contract, a collocated team with representatives of domestic and foreign shipbuilders, ship owners, vendors, and designers developed world-class engine rooms. Results of this previously conducted research were summarily reported in the Maritime Reporter. The advanced design methodology presented in this paper incorporates production requirements early in the design process that can result in significant savings in design cost and schedule, production costs, and construction cycle time. The methodology addresses how (1) machinery equipment should be grouped into functional volumes and blocks; (2) the interfaces between functional volumes and blocks and between zones should be considered; (3) producibility issues should be considered early in the design process; (4) the information should be collected and archived for use in future designs. An example is provided to show how this advanced methodology could be used to shorten design time and cost and enhance the producibility of future shipboard machinery spaces.


This paper presents a novel miniaturized cylindrically conformal E-shaped Inverted F-antenna (PIFA) in VHF band for the application on missile. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on Teflon substrate with dielectric constants 2.08 and it is fed by a coaxial probe. The placement of feeding is optimized to obtain superior performance. The electrical size of antenna is compact with $0.245 \lambda_{0}\times 0.14\lambda_{0}\times 0.029 \lambda_{0}$ and it achieves 7.9% 3-VSWR bandwidth. The radiation pattern has acceptable shape with greater than 0.3 dBi gain in operating frequencies.


Objective To study the causes and countermeasures of adverse reactions in patients with malignant tumor after treatment with cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells.Methods Clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,treatment measures and causes of adverse reactions in 730 patients with malignant tumor after treated with CIK cells from March 2008 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The main adverse reactions after infusion of CIK cells were fever(6.85%),rash(1.64%),digestive discomfort(0.96%),arthralgia(0.41%),anaphylactoid reaction(0.14%),tumor lysis syndrome(0.14%),and systemic inflammatory response syndrome reaction(0.68%).All the side effects were not specifically treated except for hypotension,severe anaphylactoid reaction and tumor lysis syndrome.The adverse reactions were related with the homing characteristics of CIK cells and individual difference.Conclusion CIK cells therapy is a safe and effective adoptive immunotherapy for malignant tumor and its adverse reactions can be treated expectantly.


The finite element alternating method (FEAM), in conjunction with the finite element analysis (FEA) and the analytical solution for an elliptical crack in an infinite solid subject to arbitrary crack-face traction, is used for evaluating the stress intensity factor (SIF) of surface cracks. The major advantage of this method is that the SIF can be calculated by using the FEA results for an uncracked body. A newly developed system allows the FEAM to be performed by a simple method, which consists of the conventional FEA for an uncracked body and a subroutine for the FEAM alternating procedure. The SIFs are evaluated for semi-elliptical surface cracks on a plate and in a cylinder as well as interacting cracks on a plate. It is also shown that, by using fine mesh, the maximum error of the evaluation by the FEAM can be suppressed less than 2 percent.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Although the Journal of University is seemed prosperous on the surface,it is in reality worrying prospects.In recent years various of universities academic journal documents and administration are issued by the Ministry of Education,it indicates that concept of management of universities Journal is changing and guiding the direction.If we want to reform and develop Journal of university,we must change concepts,opening to the outside world,relying on the superiority,unique,market-oriented,and open up actively.


Stroke hazard stratification visible of grayscale morphology of the ultrasound arterial blood vessel divider has as these days been looked as if it would have a guarantee in arrangement of high hazard versus usually safe plaque or symptomatic versus symptomless plaques. In past examinations, this stratification has been primarily visible of investigation of the furthest mass of the arterial blood vessel vein. thanks to the multifocal plan of hardening of the arteries malady, the plaque development is not restricted to the way divider alone. This paper displays another approach for stroke likelihood appraisal by incorporating analysis of each the shut and much dividers of the arterial blood vessel itinerary utilizing grayscale morphology of the plaque. Further, this paper displays a logical approval framework for stroke hazard appraisal. each these advancements have not been displayed. The philosophy includes of a mechanized division arrangement of the shut divider and much divider locales in grayscale arterial blood vessel B-mode ultrasound checks. Sixteen grayscale surface highlights square measure patterned, and nourished into the machine learning framework. The preparation framework uses the lumen breadth to form ground truth names for the stratification of stroke hazard. The cross-approval strategy is adjusted keeping in mind the tip goal to amass the machine reading testing characterization exactness mistreatment 3 arrangements of parcel conventions: (5, 10, and Jack Knife). The mean order exactness over all of the arrangements of section conventions for the computerized framework within the way and shut dividers is ninety five.08% and 93.47%, on an individual basis. The relating correct nesses for the manual framework square measure ninety four.06% and 92.02%, on an individual basis. The accuracy of import of the mechanized machine learning framework once analyzed against manual hazard analysis framework square measure ninety eight.05% and 97.53% for the way and shut dividers, separately. The mythical creature of the hazard analysis framework for the way and shut dividers is close to one.0 showing high exactness.


I venture the opinion that in the past twenty-five years pediatrics, both in knowledge and in practice, has made as marked progress as have any of the older services of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the half century now being celebrated. Without making any attempt to prove this assertion, I should like to assemble certain pertinent facts most of which could be demonstrated easily from data in the Harriet Lane Home, the clinic which led in this country to the establishment of pediatrics on a scientific basis. At the outset, I wish to make it dear that I have most profound respect for what had been done in the field of child care and in the prevention and treatment of the diseases of childhood prior to the period which has elapsed since the opening of the Harriet Lane Home. But the events of the past quarter centuryt have been thrilling and dramatic, and in their unfolding my entire medical experience has been lived. Since I was a member of the first class taught in the Harriet Lane Home, one of its staff for the eight years following graduation, and associated with its present eminent director for six more years while he was at Yale, I must ask pardon if the presentation is somewhat personal and is based largely on hospital practice. So many facts are available in discussing developments in pediatrics in the past quarter century that one must of necessity assemble his remarks about a few major subjects. What I have to say, therefore, will be grouped under eight topics: Supportive Therapy, Infant Feeding and Nutrition, Infectious Diseases, The Newborn, Emotional Disturbances, Mental Deficiency, Preventive Pediatrics, and the Future of Pediatrics.


This paper presents a theory of pseudo-wealth in a model that displays aggregate demand externalities. With heterogeneous beliefs and a market for exploiting those differences in beliefs, pseudo-wealth will be created–i.e. the sum of expected wealth of all the individuals will be larger than what it is feasible for the society. Under some conditions, those perceptions will lead to larger levels of consumption of (tradable and non-tradable) goods, leisure, and borrowing than in a world with common beliefs. If those differences in beliefs disappear, pseudo-wealth will disappear, leading to adjustments in behavior ∗We wish to thank Daniel Heymann, Ivan Werning, participants of the December 2014 RIDGE Workshop on Financial Crises, participants of the 2015 AEA Annual Meeting, seminars at University of Tokyo, Hitotsubashi University, GRIPS, and especially our discussant John Geanakoplos for useful comments and discussions. Financial support from INET is gratefully acknowledged. †Columbia University GSB, Department of Economics and Finance. ‡Columbia University, University Professor.


The agriculture industry is facing several challenges like ever boostingfood demand due to increasing population, lack of natural resources, seasonal variation reduced productivity, food waste, poverty, complex supply chain, and huge market inefficiencies. To make agriculture sustainable and more productive, we need to adapt to the fourth industrial revolutionin the agriculture sector. Agriculture is at the cusp of the fourth industrial revolution because it uses advanced technologies such as the internet of things, 3D printing, blockchain technology, automation, big data analysis in the farming sector, and agriculture operations. Agriculture 4.0 connects the real and virtual world for better productivity and efficiency. This paper aims to find out the researches conducted in the agriculture sector in convergence with the industrial revolution 4.0 with the help of bibliometric analysis. It is a statistical method, which provides details about leading authors, journals, authors' affiliations, authors' citations, leading countries, co-authorship, and co-occurrences of keywords in a particular research area to find out the future scope and global research trend. Four hundred fifty-six (456) documents between 2011-2019 from the Scopus database have been considered for the analysis after refinement. The VOSviewer software tool is used to generate a bibliographic map like co-authorship,  co-occurrences of the keyword, etc. This study is helpful for researchers, academia, and industries.


In order to explain the behavior of the main excited electronic states of CO and C2 molecules formed in CO2 entry or ground test facilities plasmas, a time-dependent Collisional-Radiative (CR) model is elaborated. This CR model is then included in the general balance equation of the species to give an insight on the influence of the transport and elementary processes. The related flows are generally observed under relatively low temperature owing to the numerous internal degrees of freedom to be excited, leading to a rather weak ionization degree. The electron-induced processes are even so taken into account: their influence is studied and commented. The conditions to reach non-equilibrium steady states and the related characteristic time scales are discussed as well.


A method is proposed for calculating the light-induced drift velocity, as well as the diffusive and thermal fluxes in a channel, treating both bulk and wall effects using a general kinetic approach. The light-induced drift velocity in a channel is calculated by means of a variational approach using the Barnett approximation for the distribution function. This is compared with the experimentally observed light-induced drift velocity as a function of pressure in the intermediate Knudsen-number range for ' 2 ~ ~ 3 ~ molecules that absorb radiation at several distinct rotational-vibrational transitions.


The authors design a path tracking controller for a trailer-like mobile robot which has the following properties: (1) the stability of the control can be evaluated analytically; (2) the trailer-like mobile robot tracks the desired path even when it moves backward; and (3) the control varies according to the environment and/or the velocity of the robot without violating the stability of the control.<<ETX>>


This study was carried out to compare the thermal performance and operating characteristics of evacuated tubular solar collector(ETSC) with different working fluid. The evacuated tubular solar collectors with different working fluid of heat pipe were investigated in the same operating condition for a indoor experiment equipment. First, the result of working fluid with Water showed that F R (Tα) was 0.6636 and F R U L was -1.8457. Second, Ethanol showed that F R (Tα) was 0.6147 and F R U L was -0.6365. Third, Flutec-pp9 showed that F R (Tα) was 0.515 and F R U L was -3.2313. Finally MA's showed that F R (Tα) was 0.6572 and F R U L was -2.0086.


This review aims at introducing an engineering field of lubrication to researchers who are not familiar with tribology, thereby emphasizing the importance of lubricant chemistry in applied science. It provides initial guidance regarding additive chemistry in lubrication systems for researchers with different backgrounds. The readers will be introduced to molecular sciences underlying lubrication engineering. Currently, lubricant chemistry, especially "additive technology", looks like a very complicated field. It seems that scientific information is not always shared by researchers. The cause of this is that lubrication engineering is based on empirical methods and focuses on market requirements. In this regard, engineering knowhow is held by individuals and is not being disclosed to scientific communities. Under these circumstances, a bird's-eye view of lubricant chemistry in scientific words is necessary. The novelty of this review is to concisely explain the whole picture of additive technology in chemical terms. The roles and functions of additives as the leading actors in lubrication systems are highlighted within the scope of molecular science. First, I give an overview of the fundamental lubrication model and the role of lubricants in machine operations. The existing additives are categorized by the role and work mechanism in lubrication system. Examples of additives are shown with representative molecular structure. The second half of this review explains the scientific background of the lubrication engineering. It includes interactions of different components in lubrication systems. Finally, this review predicts the technical trends in lubricant chemistry and requirements in molecular science. This review does not aim to be a comprehensive chart or present manufacturing knowhow in lubrication engineering. References were carefully selected and cited to extract "the most common opinion" in lubricant chemistry and therefore many engineering articles were omitted for conciseness.


The Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB) is an independent, 17-member board charged with the governance of Kentucky's teaching profession. The duties and responsibilities of the board include managing educator certification, ensuring that teacher preparation institutions are adequately preparing teachers, monitoring and applying disciplinary practices of the profession, and supporting newly graduated teachers through an internship program. EPSB manages many duties well, but some procedures need review and improvement. For example, tracking and disposition of disciplinary cases should be better detailed. Reductions in state funding have affected some programs, including the teacher internship program. Legislative Research Commission Foreword Program Review and Investigations


Fundacion de las Americas para el Desarrollo - FUDELA, is a nonprofit organization, which will be explored in this thesis project. It proposes a communication plan for the foundation and the program A Ganar that is executed by this organization. The first chapter discusses the basic concepts of communication with a deep analysis of its components from the developmental process to the corporate communication part of it. The second chapter, presents everything concerning nonprofit organizations: their history, the NGO's role in Ecuador, their structure, their intervention in different sectors, funding, and finally see how the communication is handled inside these organizations. Throughout the third chapter, FUDELA is studied in detail and the program A Ganar which is the object of this project. Financing resources of this organization, different audiences, and the phases of the program, among other things are also discussed. Based on what was previously raised, in the fourth chapter a research project is attained, which covers various techniques of research as business surveys, interviews with members of the Foundation and a focus group to the youth participants from the program A Ganar. Based on what was done in the investigation and the conclusions reached, in the fifth chapter a comunication proposal is presented to FUDELA. Finally the sixth chapter develops the conclusions and recommendations obtained throughout the thesis project submitted.


Utilizing the entire teaching method in college English text teaching is suited for the requirement of the quality education . In order to stimulate the students' study interest , the varied flexible methods to emphasize the activities and communication of the students' center and to entirely analyze teaching unit are adopted in English teaching process ___thesis , argument , structure of the article , culture background , figure , event, things etc . Through teaching materials , five teaching steps and building a situation of language train the students' ability of using language .


The objective of this study was to evaluate if freshwater bivalves can be used to detect the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in water bodies.


This Special Issue aims to present to the scientific, business and policy-making communities a concentrated and multi-faceted body of recent research, that has the potential to raise awareness on the increasing importance of gender in technology, broaden the current understanding of the dynamics and implications of the phenomenon, inspire new research projects in this and related areas, and disseminate good practice.

Note: The authors of the papers included in this Special Issue will have the opportunity to present them at the International Conference Triple Helix 8 (Madrid, October 2010), which will include a track on Gender and Technology. Further details on this track will be available shortly on the conference website http://www.triplehelix8.org/information.html


Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a prevalent, potentially fataldisorderof ironmetabolismhallmarkedby intestinalhyperabsorption of iron, hyperferremia, and hepatic iron overload. In both humans and mice, type 1 HH is associated with mutations in the broadly expressed HFE/Hfe gene. To identify where Hfe acts to prevent HH, we generated mice with tissue-specific Hfe ablations. This work demonstrates that local Hfe expression in hepatocytes serves to maintain physiological iron homeostasis, answering a long standing question in medicine and explaining earlier clinical observations.


Energy efficiency is one of the most important design metrics for wireless sensor networks. As sensor data always have redundancies, compression is introduces for energy savings. However, different emphases on algorithm design influence the operation effect of compression under various applications and network environments. In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency for the whole network, an adaptive data compression is proposed in this paper, which realizes a real-time adjustment of compression strategy. By prediction and feature extraction of several relevant parameters, the algorithm provides optimal execution strategies for each sensor node in the network. The simulation results show that, the proposed compression scheme enables all nodes to complete data communication with near optimal energy consumptions, and the maximum deviation against the ideal condition is no more than 5%. Moreover, the algorithm can effectively act on different data precision, transmit power and retransmission rate to meet the dynamic requirements of the network with only a few costs introduced.


The multi-channel optical device includes a demultiplexer in a laser cavity. The demultiplexer is configured to demultiplex a multi-channel light beam into a plurality of channels. The demultiplexer limits the wavelengths of the channels that are output from the laser cavity. The gain element includes quantum dots as the gain medium.


The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council's counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States' legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide's impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council's decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council's decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council's decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-"legislative" requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a "balancing" of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of "control dials" that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related "control dials" suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.


On the basis of the isotope age,superincumbent relation of the stratum,rate of decay of volcano rock,geomophic feature and so on,Cenozonic volcanoes in Heilongjiang province were divided into 8 stages.The volcano erupted many times and the scale was larger in miocene epoch and early-middle Pleistocene epoch.Cenozonic is a stage that the volcano actived violent.It is pointed out that the Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan in Wudalianchi area and Holocene volcanoes in Jingbohu erea are active volcano.


Children are especially vulnerable to conditions ranging from mild heat cramps to life-threatening heatstroke. Early intervention and effective education are the keys to preventing disaster.


Ebola virus belongs to the family Filoviridae and causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever. Affected patients show an impaired immune response as a result of the evasion mechanisms employed by the virus. Cathepsin is an enzyme present in the granules of phagocytes which cleaves viral surface glycoproteins, allowing virus entry into the host cell. In addition, this virus is resistant to the antiviral effects of type I interferon, promotes the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and induces apoptosis of monocytes and lymphocytes. It also induces an incomplete activation of dendritic cells, thus avoiding the presentation of viral antigens. Although specific antibodies are produced after the first week, their neutralizing capacity is doubtful. The virus evades the immune response and replicates uncontrollably in the host. This paper aims to summarize the main characteristics of the immune response to Ebola virus infection.


Abstract Objective: to analyze the factors associated with positive self-perceived evaluation of prenatal care among users of Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: the analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data from the 3rd Module of the 2nd cycle (2013 / 2014) of the External Evaluation of the Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care Program (PMAQ-AB – Portuguese acronym), collected from users in the Basic Health Units (BHU) that joined the PMAQ-AB in Brazil. The hierarchical analysis was performed using a theoretical model and logistic regression was performed between the self-perceived evaluation (positive - very good/good or negative - regular/poor/very bad) and the sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal care and health service evaluation (p<0.05). Results: the sample consisted of 9,922 women and 81.7% rated care as very good/good. In the final model, positive evaluation was associated to women with incomplete higher education or over (OR=1.05; CI95%=1.01-1.09; p=0.010), who underwent the VDRL exam (OR=1.07; CI95%=1.01-1.14; p=0.020), consultation with the same professional (OR=1.07; CI95%=1.02-1.12; p=0.010), received guidance on the gynecological preventive exam (OR=1.05; CI95%=1.01-1.08; p=0.007), believed that guidance helped with pregnancy and child care (OR=1.24; CI95%=1.05-1.46; p=0.012), evaluated the BHU structure as very good/good (OR=1.19; CI95%=:1.14-1.24; p<0.001) and would not change BHU or team (OR=1.62; CI95%=1.48-1.68; p<0.001). Conclusion: the positive evaluation of prenatal care was associated with sociodemographic factors, prenatal care and health service evaluation.


Practicum is an essential part of the student learning process. It promotes strengthening scientific process skills to students. On the other hand, limited access in experiencing hands-on activities requires serious attention due to the characteristics of a distance education system that restrains face-to-face activities in student learning. For this reason, a virtual lab is necessary to meet the needs of students to comprehend the functions of scientific actions while their learning. The paper will discuss the role of a virtual lab in the Biology practicum in Universitas Terbuka (UT). This paper is a meta-analysis study involving preliminary data of UT students who attended biology practicum courses during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research recommends using the virtual Lab to advance biological knowledge in biology practicum and Virtual Reality as suitable for urogenital system material. The use of 3D simulation in Virtual Reality should provide an exciting and meaningful learning experience for students.


The principles by which "emergent properties" and functional order of self-organizing system, such as the heart, achieve homeodynamic stability provide a non-reductionist framework for understanding how biological systems adapt to imposed internal and external stresses, i.e., ischemia, organ/tissue replacement. Thus, the newly emergent dynamics of cardiac rhythm arising after heart transplantation may represent a more stable, versatile and adaptive regulatory order.


Objective To focus on significance of neuro-ophthalmic signs in evaluating critical brainstem infarction.Methods Types of neuro-ophthalmic signs and their relationship to location of 19 cases with autopsy-proven brainstem infarction were analysed retrospectively.Results 18 cases presented with neuro-ophthalmic signs including variform nystagmus,cranial nerve palsy ,mydosis or mydriasis, horizontal or vertical gaze palsy,Horner's syndrome and internuclear ophthalmoplegia.2 or more types of compound eye-mvement signs were observed in 13 cases.12 cases suffered from extensive infarctions which involved midbrain and pons or midbrain,pons and medulla oblongata.All cases with midbrain infarction were accompanied by neuro-ophthalmic signs.Conclusions Neuro-ophthalmic signs is contributive to determine locations of critical brainstem infarction and to evaluate prognosis.


Numerical algorithms of particles and droplets' interaction with a nanostructured solid surface are developed using smoothed particles hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics methods, results of parametric investigation of particles' interaction with liquid films are obtained. The experimental work was devoted to investigation of runback ice accretion on the airfoil model with electrically heated leading edge in fully glaciated and mixed icing conditions. The ice mass was obtained as a function of the flow parameters (temperature, velocity, IWC, LWC) and the surface temperature. These experimental and theoretical efforts concern the modelling of single drops and crystals as well as thermodynamics of fluid film moving along a profile and solidifying (runback ice accretion). Instead of widely exploited conception of the "instantaneous freezing down" of a high-speed droplet impingement upon a solid body surface, a new physico-mathematical model is suggested. This model is based on theoretical and experimental results which are obtained in previous studies.


Microscopic analyses of tooth enamel have been linked to the composition of the ingested aliments and feeding behaviour in bioarchaeological populations. Dietary trends can be reconstructed by quantifying enamel microwear patterns and assuming a correlation between ingested diet and microwear patterns on the enamel surface of teeth. A study of buccal dental microwear patterns was carried out on 18 individuals from the Vedrovice site, Znojmo district, Czech Republic, dated to Neolithic period, specifically the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) phase of the cemetery. For each individual negative replicas of the buccal surface were obtained using polyvinylsiloxane Affinis Regular Body (Coltene®). Bicomponent polyuretane resin Feroca Ferropur PR-55 was applied to make positive moulds. Only molars or premolars that showed clear microwear patterns were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Finally, SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software, was used to quantify microwear patterns for length, orientation and number of all observed striations in a 0.56 mm 2 square surface area. Obtained results were compared with published datasets acquired from studying various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and agriculturalists with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a distinct microwear pattern for the Vedrovice sample. The density and the length of microstriations showed inter-group sex and age related variability, which presumably resultedfrom a different amount of vegetal/cereal intake. If a close relationship between phytoliths and tooth striations can eventually be demonstrated, a high number of striations might be indicative of the presence of plant foods in diets. Moreover, observed differences in the higher amount of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from food preparation technology associated with early agriculturalist techniques, i.e. grinding of seeds with some ancient stone mills. In spite of these additional influences, it is possible to conclude that diet in Neolithic Vedrovice sample was mostly vegetarian in its character and consists mainly of some grain-based components, whereas meat was eaten only sporadically. By comparing sex-related differences within the Vedrovice population it is possible to conclude higher vegetal intake by females in comparison to the male population.


Lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/) is a popular material for the implementation of many photonic devices, but most often for broadband electro-optic (EO) modulators. Effective modulators may be realised through careful design of the RF electrodes. The most successful electrode designs incorporate some form of surface machining and thus in order to explore novel practical electrode structures, it has been necessary to develop means of etching the LiNbO/sub 3/ surface precisely. In this paper, we present the etching of LiNbO/sub 3/ using a proton exchange (PE) wet etching method including a detailed comparison of the etch properties of X and Z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/.


Because at extreme temperatures, conventional liquid lubrication breaks down, researchers have proposed using flows of solid particles as a lubricating mechanism. The particles may be powders, which tend to coalesce and slide over one another in sustained contact, or granules, which collide with one another in fluctuating motion. Distinction between these two regimes is elucidated. The behavior of various granular flows is studied using a granular kinetic lubrication (GKL) model. Our GKL model is a continuum approach that applies proper rheological constitutive equations for stress, conduction and dissipation to thin shearing flows of granular particles, as well as the most rigorous boundary conditions for momentum and energy transport. A robust numerical code, utilizing Newton's finite differencing method, is developed to apply GKL theory to the problem of simple shearing flow. The code solves two second-order, coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with coupled boundary conditions of the first-order. As a result, new parametric curves for the local flow properties of the large-particle granular flows are constructed. Results from the GKL model agree qualitatively with past experiments using glass granules in an annular shear cell.


With the continuous development and progress of information technology in the new era, the application of new media technology has penetrated into every aspect of life, bringing great convenience to humanities. Graphic design is one of the common design methods in this era with the popularization and application of new media art in which the development of graphic design has been greatly impacted. In other word, this article explores the application of new media art in graphic design and puts forward the reasonable suggestions for the development of graphic design in the information age.


A previous study of the aerotolerant bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum, which lacks superoxide dismutase (SOD), demonstrated that it possesses a novel substitute for this defensive enzyme. Thus, L. plantarum contains 20 to 25 mM Mn(II), in a dialyzable form, which is able to scavenge 02 apparently as effectively as do the micromolar levels of SOD present in most other organis. This report describes a survey of the lactic acid bacteria. The substitution of millimolar levels of Mn(II) for micromolar levels of SOD is a common occurrence in this group of microorganisms, which contained either SOD or high levels of Mn(II), but not both. Two strains were found which had neither high levels of Mn(II) nor SOD, and they were, as was expected, very oxygen intolerant. Lactic acid bacteria containing SOD grew better aerobically than anaerobically, whereas the organism containing Mn(II) in place of SOD showed aerobic growth which was, at best, equal to anaerobic growth. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4naphthoquinone) increases the rate of 02 production in these organisms. Lactobacillus strains containing high intracelluar Mn(II) were more resistant to the oxygen-dependent toxicity of plumbagin than were strains containing lower levels of Mn(II). The results support the conclusion that a high interal level of Mn(II) provides these organisms with an important defense against endogenous 02.-


In this paper,the creep property at different temperatures and stresses,the morphology evolution of γ′ phase,deformation characteristic and creep fracture mechanism are investigated in improved D29 single crystal nickel-base superalloy with the orientation .The conclusions can be drawn as following: Under the condition of 980~1 020℃/200~280MPa,the creep curves consist of three stages.In the primary stage of creep at high temperature and low stress,the structure feature of the γ′ phase is that the cubic γ′ phase transforms into the lamellar raft structure,the deformation mechanism is the dislocation movement in the octahedral slip systems of the matrix channel,the dislocation network forms when dislocations meet and react from two directions.The deformation mechanism is the dislocation climbing over the γ′ rafts during the steady creep stage.The main reason for creep fracture is that a large number of dislocations shearing into the γ′ rafts from the γ/γ′ phase interfaces where the dislocation networks are damaged at the later creep stage.


This paper is the second in a series of studies on ichthyological knowledge of Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam(『東醫寶鑑』) in early modern Japan, especially focusing ichthyological knowledge of Survey of Joseon's Medical Ingredient(朝鮮藥材調査), conducted on three separate occasions for 30 years(1718-1747) by the Japanese settlement in Joseon(倭館, Wae-Gwan).
The survey of Joeson's medical ingredient started because Yoshimune(吉宗), the 8th Shogun of Japan, had a penchant for Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam. He would like to identify the plants and animals from Tangaek-pyen(「湯液篇」) in Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam. In other words, These three times of survey of Joseon's medical ingredient from 1718 by the Wae-Gwan is a big project of Japan in early modern to figure out products all over the Joseon.
The part of fishes shows that it was not easy to identify precisely them in a practical survey. This problem comes from the entangled intellectual tradition among three countries in East Asia, including in China as well as in Joseon and Japan. These examples are as follow: Snakehead(蠡魚), Mandarin Fish(鱖魚), Bullhead(黃顙魚), Chum Salmon(鰱魚) and Cherry Salmon(松魚). It was much difficult to identify particularly Ricefield Swamp Eel(鱔魚), because Koreans misinformed about it.
It should be mentioned that Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam has an influence on the progress of Natural History in Japan. Emphasizing the impact of Bencao-gangmu( 『本草綱目』), Japanese scholars mentioned rarely about Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam, which however had a profound impact on medical ingredient localization policy by Yoshimune. The Survey of the Medical ingredient in Joseon brought on by Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam was expanded to survey all over Japan, China, and Holland. This work, therefore, served as a momentum to advance Japanese Regional Production Studies and Natural History.
Above all, the most remarkable part of the survey of Joseon's medical ingredient by Japan is that Japanese tried to verify not through the 'text' but through the 'real thing' and the 'drawing', which shows that method of research was converted from auricular one to visual one. In other words, this survey conducted to identify medical ingredients in Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam has changed the research method of Japanese medicinal herbal knowledge. In the progress of Japanese Natural History, earlier study about Bencao-gangmu has been done in the 'auricular-based' traditional method, while study about Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam in the earlier 18th century shows the conversion to the 'visual' method in earnest. This change for thirty years is a very important point in the rapid development of Japanese Natural History from the later 18th century.


ON FEBRUARY 2, 1881, Mr. G. \V. Ross, member of Parliament for Middlesex West, Ontario. rose in his pbce to speak on the budget, and in passing to comment on the verse both m:mufactured and quoted in debate by one of his honourable opponents. Mr. J. B. Plumb, who had already been referred to in the House as "that sweet bard of J',;iagara'' (which district he represented) was, Mr. Ross said, "illustrating again the old saying: 'Let me make the songs of :.i people and I care not who make their laws'." He added one of l\tfr. Plumb's couplets, used in the previous election campaign:


Abstract Employee engagement is not only a temporary attractive topic but gradually becomes the focus of attention of managers and scholars, especially in the travel industry in the face of shocks due to Covid-19. This study, under the guidance of social exchange theory, has proposed a meta-analytic framework examining the relationship between two dimensions of engagement, namely job and organizational engagement, and organizational culture. The results of data analysis from 338 employees of travel agencies in Hanoi, a major tourism center of Vietnam, have enriched the literature on the role of organizational culture in fostering organizational engagement through job engagement by providing perspective from a developing country during the pandemic. The paper also provides suggestions for scholars in investigating the promoters of engagement and implications for managers in developing organizational culture to achieve the dual benefits related to job and organizational engagement.


This paper shares Andersson's interest in exploring the 'backstage' of Victorian civility and respectability. The adroit media manipulation of high-status leading reformers and their associations and societies, with their often overlapping membership, has accorded them an inflated importance as a representation of the Victorian Age, and can distort our understanding. The argument here begins by problematizing the ways some historians have made use of contemporary statistics and terms such as 'respectability' or 'vice'. For the Victorians these carried multiple meanings and cultural resonances, partially dependent on identities of class, gender, generation, Tory or Liberal political orientation, attitude to faith, and ethnicity. This meant that the complex nuances of understanding attached to activities sometimes labelled as unrespectable 'vices' such as drinking, sexual transgression and gambling could make them acceptable in a variety of cultural contexts despite the opposition of vociferous anti-'vice' groups. The paper concludes with a brief exploration of the potentiality of visual and digital resources for delving deeper into such issues.


The method for extraction of mulberry anthocyanin with assistance of microwave was studied systematically and the extraction condition was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 0.1% HCl - 55% ethanol was as extraction solvent, the extraction time was 267 s and the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:30. Under these conditions, the actual yield of anthocyanin was 2.098 mg/g. In addition, the order of factors effecting extraction of mulberry anthocyanin with assistance of microwave from big to small was the extraction time, the concentration of extraction solvent and the ratio of solid to liquid.


Workflows are operational business processes. Workflow Management Systems (WFMS) are based on representing processes as workflows and they are concerned with the control and coordination of these processes. A workflow specification can include the definition of a set of different constraints. These constraints have to be ensured during the instantiation and the execution of the workflow. In this paper, we define different types of constraints and classify them into three categories: static, dynamic and hybrid. Especially, we introduce temporal, historic and execution constraints which have not been considered in previous works around this topic. We show how the definition of a set of constraints can lead to conflicts. We propose implemented algorithms to resolve a certain type of conflicts. The execution of these algorithms should ensure a successful workflow execution without violating the set of defined constraints.


Composites have added new dimensions to the design and construction of buildings and structures. One of the wider spread composite applications in the construction industry is composite beams or pillars, which can be manufactured through pultrusion processes. These types of construction elements are usually used to withstand the weight of large loads, so their integrity must be guaranteed. Due to optical sensors' advantages over their electrical counterparts—small sizes, low weight, non-conductive, and immunity to electromagnetic interference—and FBGs having an outstanding position among optical fibre sensors—due to their multiplexation capability and relatively easy monitoring—in this study, we propose the integration of FBG sensors for the observation and analysis of the integrity of structures made with composite beams over time. The validation test results showed the successful embedding integration of FBG-based fibre optical sensors in an FRP pultrusion beam and strain transmission up to 7500 µɛ from the composite test piece to the sensor. Additionally, we were able to anticipate the piece failure by the FBG spectrum deformation.


AbstractAn experimental analysis of a vertical drop shaft with a sharp-edged horizontal intake section and a coaxial venting pipe is undertaken to obtain design criteria given the limited attention provided by literature. Three different flow regimes are observed, namely weir flow and pressurized flow for extreme discharges and transitional flow for intermediate discharges. Particular attention is paid to transitional flow, which is a periodical regime consisting of an alternate switch from weir to pressurized flow, with water heads ranging between a maximum and a minimum. For transitional flow a detailed characterization of water surface oscillations is provided, and nondimensional equations are given describing mean water head, oscillation amplitude and frequency as functions of pipe Froude number and dimensionless plunged length of the coaxial pipe. Also, a region of existence is provided in terms of pipe Froude number and different wave types are identified. For weir flow, a nondimensional head-discha...


The main purpose of this paper, which coincides with the fundamental obstacle facing research in the history of translation, is to harmonise the sociological and translation studies perspectives, and thus overcome the challenges posed by combining them. To this end, we refer to the historical determinism corresponding to different types of transfer (cultural, literary, ideological, linguistic,


Involving men and boys as both users and supporters of family planning is now considered essential for maternal and child health. It is recognised that men are the primary decisionmakers on family size in many countries and may control or inhibit women's use of family planning. Men may also have unmet needs in relation to family planning. Evidence on how to engage men and boys to meet family planning needs is therefore important. It is equally important that family planning programmes and services engage men and boys in ways that support women's and girls' choices, as well as men's own family planning needs. This brief shares learning from a systematic review of programme evaluation studies is about how to enhance future programming with men and boys to better meet the needs for family planning for women and men in low- and middle-income countries.


Money laundering has immense entailments. The criminal who possesses black money and wants to mask it as legitimate must fabricate the source to look genuine. It makes the crime organized and more systematic to break the financial system. The existing AML (Anti Money Laundering) solutions and its design based on the creation of a transaction profile. Most of the leading AML software focuses on financial transactions and rarely focuses on linked suspicious individual's social media profiles. Social networking is one of the most popular platforms to interact with others and millions of users use these platforms to communicate with each other from around the world. At the same time, the web has plenty of social and demographic information to create an accurate profile that aims to construct a legitimate profile. This paper consolidates the fragmented discussion from several articles and provides a detailed view of fraud profile identification.  Practical insights are identified from various AML solutions and summarized from an extensive literature review. The risk scoring framework and definitions of filters can be widened to include more parameters for effective alert generation. In this paper, we propose an approach and risk scoring framework to assess customer profiles that drive the suspicious profile or transactions based on social media attributes.


The similarities and differences between nonlinear effects in asymmetric synthesis (see diagram), predicted 60 years ago by W. Langenbeck, and the long-known amplification phenomenon in stoichiometric reactions with chiral starting materials are discussed.


We have proposed a "Four-quadrant AL Designing Method", a framework to design active learning classes which are in demand lately, and also have developed a new type of Learning Management System ("Dynamic LMS"). This paper gives an outline of designing active learning classes based on the Four-quadrant AL Designing Method, followed by a case study of DLMS in designed class implementation. Also class implementation and survey results conducted in 2016 academic year are reported. The survey results suggest that learning in the implemented classes was overall effective.


To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided cervical nerve root block (CRB) on acute pain and its preventive effects on post‐herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients with cervical herpes zoster (HZ).


During pelagic work to study 'Mohéli Shearwater' Puffinus persicus temptator (Shirihai & Bretagnolle 2015), on 4, 5 and 8 November 2014, HS conservatively estimated the presence of 130 individuals of a Bulweria petrel off the Comoros, with max. 48 on 8 November, between Grande Comoro and Mohéli (at c.12°01'S, 43°43E), and another 16 between Mohéli and Anjouan and north of Anjouan on 9 November. This petrel was the fourth most abundant seabird observed, after Brown Noddy Anous stolidus, Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscatus and Mohéli Shearwater. As noted by Zonfrillo (1988) the two Bulweria, Bulwer's B. bulwerii and Jouanin's Petrels B. fallax are clearly separated in biometrics, with the latter larger and heavier. Although the Comoros Bulweria appeared closer in size to B. fallax, we refrain from making a specific identification, as HS considered them to be smaller than other B. fallax he has seen. The relative location of the Comoros, with sea surface temperatures of 25oC, also better fit B. fallax (known to breed on Socotra, and possibly on the Arabian mainland). They were not B. bulwerii, which occurs over colder, more southerly waters. Observations of both Bulweria in the south-west Indian Ocean were summarised by Safford & Hawkins (2013); cf. Ryan et al. (2013) for recent evidence of B. fallax in the eastern Indian Ocean. HS observed two Bulweria (also unidentified to species as size was difficult to estimate, like the Comoros birds) off Mombasa, Kenya, in November 1996. Veit et al. (2007) reported undocumented sightings of several Bulweria identified as Jouanin's, near Mayotte, from the R/V Marion Dufresne in January 2003. In October 2008, Morris (2008) photographed Bulweria off the Comoros similar to those we describe here, which he hesitantly identified as B. bulwerii.


The objective of this study was determined the richness, abundance and the use of refuges by bats associated to an urban area, the University of Cordoba in the Monteria City, Colombia. Two methods were used, review of refuges from February 2011 to October 2015 and capture with mist nets of 6x3 m between the months of August and November of 2014, and the months of May, June, August and October 2015, the nets were located between 18:00 and 24:00 hours. The methods complementarity allowed the registration of 113 individuals distribuited in ten species, nine genera and four families. The family Phyllostomidae and Molossidae were recorded by mist nets and revision of refuges, the families Emballonuridae and Noctilionidae only in the revision of refuges. For trophic guilds found greater representativity of guild frugivorous with four species, followed by insectivores (3), nectarivores (1), omnivores (1) and piscivores (1). This suggests that areas anthropic with structural complexity as the campus of the University of Cordoba allowed the maintenance of species associated with the supply of food and shelters.


THE great War brought its cohort of fevers in its train, just as in the past international conflicts of less magnitude and ferocity alm'ost invariably brought theirs. Of these fevers some were old acquaintances, whose reappearance was not unexpected; others, known to our forefathers, were strange to us, who christened them with new names and for their very novelty paid more attention to them than to their betterknown allies. But as the mere waging of this war has involved the energies of so large a portion of mankind as to preclude up to.now the setting forth to those engaged in it of any clear view of its purely military events and circumstances in their interwoven relations, so it is, I must suppose, that not yet has there been presented to us a comprehensive picture of the course and effects of the aforementioned diseases, which are part and parcel of the circumstances of the War. A snapshot here, a sketch there, rarely anywhere a finished picture, are all that have been produced. The clinician and the pathologist, especially the bacteriologist, have so far been the principal artists. Not that the epidemiologist has left his. canvas untouched, as was shown by my predecessor in this chair a year ago. Moreover, as I have said, it is the mQre unfamiliar diseases that have attracted most notice, and it is partly, I believe for this reason, that so little has been heard,


The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aircraft equipment, in particular to a takeoff and landing system and method for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle. The takeoff and landing system for the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle comprises one or more fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles and one or more multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles, each of the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles and the corresponding multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle are connected through a detachable connector, and the detachable connectors are closed or opened under the control of a servo. The invention further provides a takeoff and landing method for the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle. Each of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles is connected with the corresponding fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle in a detachable manner through the corresponding detachable connector, each of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles drives the corresponding fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle to take off and accelerate in the air, and when each fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle rotates to a set rotation speed, the servo controls the detachable connectors to be disconnected, so that the no-slide takeoff of the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles can be achieved. The arrangement of a ground takeoff runway is reduced, the use cost of the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced, the operation is simple, and the takeoff and the landing are more flexible.


The 1990 guidelines for adult weight published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture [1] recommend higher weights than previous standards. In particular, the guidelines for increased weight (about 7 kg on average) for persons age 35 years and older, with allowance for major weight gain in midlife, have stimulated much debate [2-4]. The basis for these recommendations is unclear. The report by Andres [5] on which the recommendations may be based is fundamentally flawed because it ignored cigarette smoking. Although no apparent biological rationale exists for suggesting that persons increase their weight as they grow older, the health consequences of weight gain during adult life have not been clearly documented. In general, a strong association between body mass index and the risk for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has been observed. However, few studies have examined the consequences of weight gain during various periods of life. From a public health perspective, weight and weight gain are more easily understood than body mass index. Also, using change in weight as a basis for recommendations is attractive because it allows for differences in frame size, which are difficult to characterize. For these reasons, we quantified the relations between change in adult weight and the risk for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among women during 14 years of follow-up. We previously reported the relation between body mass index and clinical diabetes in this cohort after 8 years of follow-up [6]. Methods Established in 1976, the Nurses' Health Study cohort consists of 121 700 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years who responded to a mail questionnaire about their medical history and health behaviors. Additional details have been reported elsewhere [7]. The participants for our study were the 114 824 women who did not have diagnosed diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer when the cohort was enrolled in 1976. On the basis of a subsample of participants, we estimate that 98% of the participants are white, a percentage that reflects the ethnic background of women trained as registered nurses before 1977 [8]. Ascertainment of Risk Factors Height and weight were ascertained on the 1976 questionnaire. On biennial follow-up questionnaires, we inquired about current weight and asked for information on whether diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cancer, or other major illnesses had been diagnosed during the 2 years since the previous questionnaire. In 1980, we asked women to record their weight at age 18 years, and in 1982 we inquired about a history of diabetes in the participants' mothers, fathers, brothers, or sisters. Weight reported by the participants in this study has been shown to be highly valid in two samples of Boston-area study participants. Self-reported current weight was highly correlated with measured weight (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.97); the average measured weight was 1.5 kg lower [9, 10]. In a substudy done in a cohort of nurses aged 27 to 44 years, recalled weight at age 18 years was compared with self-reported weights at ages 17 to 21 years that were recorded on nursing-school physical examination forms. The mean recalled self-reported body mass index was 21.6 kg/m2 compared with an index of 22.1 kg/m2 noted on the examination records (mean difference in weight, 1.4 kg). The Pearson correlation coefficient for weight was 0.87 and was independent of current age. Participants in the Nurses' Health Study cohort weighed, on average, 3 kg less than a national sample of women in 1976 [11]. We used body mass index (weight in kg divided by height in m2) as an index of relative weight and grouped it into 10 categories using whole-number cutpoints. We divided weight change between age 18 years and 1976 into eight categories. A body mass index of 24.0 kg/m2 represents the 50th percentile for middle-aged, white U.S. women, and an index of 29.0 kg/m2 represents the 75th percentile [11]. Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus We mailed supplementary questionnaires on symptoms, diagnostic tests, and therapy for hypoglycemia to women who responded positively on any follow-up questionnaire to the query Have you had physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus? The supplementary questionnaires were mailed in 1984 to women who reported that diabetes had been diagnosed between 1976 and 1984 and in 1986, 1988, and 1990 to women who reported diabetes on the questionnaires in those years. We excluded women who reported that diabetes had been diagnosed before they entered the study in 1976. An incident case of diabetes was confirmed if at least one of the following was reported on the supplementary questionnaire: 1) one or more classic symptoms (thirst, polyuria, weight loss, hunger, pruritus) plus a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) or a random plasma glucose level of at least 200 mg/dL [11.1 mmol/L]; 2) two or more elevated plasma glucose values on different occasions [fasting level 140 mg/dL or random level 200 mg/dL, or both, or fasting level 200 mg/dL after 2 or more hours of testing for oral glucose tolerance] in the absence of symptoms; or 3) treatment with medication for hypoglycemia (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent). All women were 30 years of age or older at diagnosis. We excluded cases (and subsequent follow-up after diagnosis) of incident insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes (n = 89). We also excluded women classified as having gestational diabetes only (diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy and that persisted no more than 1 month after the end of pregnancy, with no subsequent diagnosis of diabetes when the woman was not pregnant). The remaining women with confirmed diabetes (n = 2204) were classified as having noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; these women form the basis for our analysis. Our criteria for diabetes classification are consistent with those proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group [12] except that we did not use any weight criteria in classifying diabetes. To document the validity of the confirmation of diabetes by the supplementary questionnaire, we examined medical records in a random sample of the participants who reported diabetes. Of 84 women who reported diabetes and were classified as having noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by supplementary questionnaires, 71 gave permission for review of their medical records; medical records were obtained for 62. An endocrinologist (JEM) who was unaware of the information reported on the supplementary questionnaires reviewed the available records using the National Diabetes Data Group criteria. The diagnosis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was confirmed by medical records in 61 of the 62 women (98.4%). Statistical Analysis We computed incidence rates of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during the 14 years of follow-up for categories of body mass index calculated at baseline in 1976 and for categories of weight change between age 18 years and 1976. Follow-up began when the 1976 questionnaire was returned and ended on the date of death or diagnosis of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer, or 1 June 1990, whichever came first. Women who reported diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer on the baseline or follow-up questionnaires were excluded from subsequent follow-up. We obtained rates by dividing the number of incident cases by the number of person-years of follow-up in each category of body mass index or weight change. We computed relative risks as the rate of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a specific category of body mass index divided by the rate among women with a body mass index less than 22.0 kg/m2. Because family history was recorded in 1982, we repeated analyses from 1982 to 1990 to examine weight change within strata of family history and defined weight change in adulthood as weight in 1982 minus weight at age 18 years. We used proportional hazard models to simultaneously evaluate the association with family history, body mass index at age 18 years, and weight gain. We calculated 95% CIs for each relative risk. Results The mean weight SD of women in this cohort at age 18 years was 126.2 19.4 pounds (57 8.8 kg). Mean weight gain between age 18 years and 1976 varied monotonically with age from 7.6 pounds (3.4 kg) among women 30 years of age to 19.0 pounds (8.6 kg) for women 55 years of age. Reflecting these weight changes, the mean weight for each birth cohort (in single years) increased from 133 pounds (60.3 kg) for women 35 years of age to 144 pounds (65.3 kg) for women 55 years of age. The risk for diabetes increased as attained body mass index increased over the 1976 value (index was updated every 2 years) (Table 1). Even women with a body mass index of 22.0 to 22.9 kg/m2 had a significant threefold elevation in age-adjusted relative risk compared with women with an index less than 22.0 kg/m2. Women of average weight (body mass index, 24 to 24.9 kg/m2) had a relative risk of 5.0 (95% CI, 3.6 to 6.6) compared with women with an index less than 22 kg/m2. Women with a body mass index of 31.0 kg/m2 or more had an age-adjusted relative risk of 40.0 or greater (Table 1). This association persisted within age strata, and body mass index remained a strong risk factor, even for women as old as 69 years. After adjustment for body mass index, women aged 60 to 64 years had a relative risk of 3.4 (CI, 2.5 to 4.6) compared with women aged 40 to 44 years. The relation between body mass index and diabetes mellitus was similar in white and black women. The strong association between body mass index and the risk for diabetes mellitus persisted (that is, remained unchanged) when we repeated analyses that were limited to symptomatic cases of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (report of at least one symptom at diagnosis, including thirst, polyuria, weight loss, hunger, or pruritus). Table 1. Attained Body Mass Index and Rela


Multistakeholder participatory processes are essential decision-making elements in contemporary contested marine spaces. Such processes have long time horizons, diverse interests, and complex objectives. Their complex and evolving nature make it difficult for participatory process proponents and participants to adequately plan their processes and to assess performance quality. We position the findings of this paper in the context of participation as place-based, long-term, emergent, and complex processes in Aotearoa New Zealand. We pose the question "what does success look like?" in marine participatory processes. We provide an indicative answer in the form of a rubric, which outlines key components for navigating participatory processes through ongoing formative evaluation. The relationship between criteria and phases of participatory processes is stressed as "success" challenges, and achievements are unlikely to be stable from phase to phase. The notion of "whose success" is critically reflected upon, as the politics and power of success discourses shape what might be considered success in any given context, marine space, or participatory process. We argue that self-defined, ongoing learning evaluation, where criteria are debated and created by participatory process users, contributes to an empowering notion of success. Success as seen in this way is not an externally imposed set of standards to achieve but cocreated by those involved to best meet their needs. In this way, metaphors of success can be recognized, negotiated, circulated, and institutionalized. The authors' journey to developing the rubric helps unpack the key components of participatory processes and outlines its relationship to evaluation literature. Finally, we touch on the tension involved in creating a rubric for both practice and as a high-level discursive artifact.


ABSTRACT Using findings from a study on 'Understanding the dynamics of youth development and socio-economic empowerment: A study on social policy and strategic responses for improving youth employment in Botswana', the author examines the nexus between youth empowerment programmes and youth employability in Botswana. The specific objectives were to explore how youth empowerment programmes can be modified to stave off youth unemployment, and to enhance the capacity of the government and private sector to design and implement programmes for promoting employment. The findings shed light that the policy implementers do not have adequate capacity to help the youth realise socio-economic empowerment. Several challenges have continued to affect the attempts to implement sustainable youth empowerment programmes. This paper recommends that there is need to involve the youth in policy formulation and implementation in order to achieve employability through youth programmes.


The article deals with problems of defining the concept of "public" in present jurisprudence. The the article's objective was to clarify the problems of defining the concept of "public" in present jurisprudence and to provide an understanding of this term. The author notes that today there is inconsistency of legal regulation, as well as arbitrariness, ine-quality and substitution of concepts in the application of this term both in different and within one branch of jurisprudence. The preparation of most legal acts on the participation of "public" in legal relations takes place without proper legal understanding of this term, the concept of which is not defined at all in the current national legislation. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of legal sciences due to the lack of definition of "public" in the legislation is based on arbitrary representation and does not reflect the unity of the aggregate features of this category. Its understanding by scholars through the prism of related (generic) legal concepts do not give an accurate meaningful reflection. Selective, and sometimes chaotic and unsystematic reference of legal scholars to philosophical, sociological, political, psychological and other sources of scientific knowledge about the essential characteristics of "public" in research on its place and role in legal relations indicate the lack of established conceptual approaches in today's jurisprudence. Scientific inferences of legal scholars about this social institution are often reduced to the definition of the concept by identifying selective characteristics (features) without a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. The author has concluded that the "public" in jurisprudence should be understood as both individual citizens and their associations, which have a high level of legal consciousness and legal culture, as well as the basis of beliefs and ideology which are the building of the legal state and civil society. The author suggests to abandon in the theory of operational-search activities from the use of the concept of "public" as a category of operational-search activities forces, because: first, "public" is an abstract concept in contrast to other categories of operational-search activities forces, including law enforcement agencies operational units, secret full-time and part-time agents who have legal status; secondly, the public takes part in various branches of society, which are not characterized by the focus on assisting operational units in combating crime.