IN 1HE middle of the twentieth century, it came to be believed that 'a rising tide lifts all boats': economic growth would bring increasing wealth and higher living standards to all sections of society. At the time, there was some evidence behind that claim. In industrialised countries in the 1950s and 1960s every group was advancing, and those with lower incomes were rising most rapidly. In the ensuing economic and political debate, this 'rising-tide hypothesis' evolved into a much more specific idea, according to which regressive economic policies-policies that favour the richer classes-would end up benefiting everyone. Resources given to the rich would inevitably 'trickle down' to the rest. It is important to clarify that this version of old-fashioned 'trickle-down economics' did not follow from the postwar evidence. The 'rising-tide hypothesis' was equally consistent with a 'trickle-up' theory-give more money to those at the bottom and everyone will benefit; or with a 'build-out from the middle' theory-help those at the centre, and both those above and below will benefit. Today the trend to greater equality of incomes which characterised the postwar period has been reversed. Inequality is now rising rapidly. Contrary to the rising-tide hypothesis, the rising tide has only lifted the large yachts, and many of the smaller boats have been left dashed on the rocks. This is partly because the extraordinary growth in top incomes has coincided with an economic slowdown. The trickle-down notion-along with its theoretical justification, marginal productivity theory-needs urgent rethinking. That theory attempts both to explain inequality-why it occurs-and to justify it-why it would be beneficial for the economy as a whole. This chapter looks critically at both claims. It argues in favour of alternative explanations of inequality, with particular reference to the theory of rent-seeking and to the influence of institutional and political factors, which have shaped labour markets and patterns of remuneration. And it shows that, far from being either necessary or good for economic growth, excessive inequality tends to lead to weaker economic performance. In light of this, it argues for a range of policies that would increase both equity and economic well-being.


MSComm control and GPS NMEA 0183 are introduced in this paper firstly, then combining with track method in software SafeGuide1.3, the application of MSComm in track method are discussed in detail, with a simulation result.


In Concert
Southern Gospel Choir, Idea of North and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra
Hobart, Tasmania.
CD 4 A&B
Concert innitiated by the TSO, The Idea of North, TSO and Southern Gospel Choir combine to produce a concert that features a blend of gospel, jazz and classic orchestral repoertoire. Combined songs feature a band of over 70, plus choir of 50.


In recent years, astronomical observation has put forward higher requirements for observation environment, resolution power and simultaneous observation quantity, which makes the cost of traditional spectrometer spiraling. The development of integrated photonics provides a miniaturized, low-cost and environment-friendly solution for astronomical spectral observation. However, high resolution spectrum is hard to achieve because of the highly repetitive structure and defocus aberration existing in re-imaging system when needing cross dispersion. Based on Silica-on-Silicon material platform with a refractive index contrast of 0.23%, new structure of cascaded modulation arrayed waveguides(CMAW) with total length difference of 22mm are arranged in a square chip with a side length of 40mm, having a theoretical resolution of 20,000@1550nm and tested resolution of 15,000@1550nm. Our work demonstrates the potential of integrated photonics applying in high resolution astronomical spectral observation, three times above the record of available resolution power international, which is expected to provide a solution for space observation and large-scale spectral survey.


The purpose of this Community Service (PPM) activity is to describe the role of parents in shaping the character and personality of children in the OKU Banuayu village. This is given the importance of parental knowledge and insight in shaping the character and personality of children in the OKU Banuayu Village. Through this counseling, it is hoped that parents can add insight, knowledge and experience so that they have good abilities in their role as parents in shaping children's character and personality. This activity was attended by the Banuayu Village Community. This Community Service Activity (PPM) was held on July 25, 2019 in Banuayu Village. The material presented was about "The role of parents in shaping the character and personality of children in Educating Children in the OKU Banuayu Village".


Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum Mill .) seeds have pulp which is inhibit for the tomato seed itself. Pulp stick on the seed will prevent the seed from germination. This research aims was to find out the effective technique of Tymoti and Tantyna varieties seed extraction. This research was conducted at Laboratory and Greenhouse, F6 Campus Gunadarma University located at Depok from October 2018 to January 2019. The experimental design arranged factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor was varieties (Tymoti and Tantyna) and the second factor was treatment of seed extraction techniques; ( calcium oxide (CaO) 10 g/l and 15 g/l for 20 minutes, and water fermentation technique for 12 hours and 24 hours). Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at 5% level. If the F-test showed significant difference, then it will be followed by HSD-test (Honestly Significant Difference) at 5% level. The results of the experiments showed that the characteristics of fruit size and tomato dimensions of Tymoti and Tantyna varieties were significantly different. The single factor of varieties also caused differences in weight of 100 seeds, percentage of seed growth rate, and percentage of seed vigor index. While the single factor of seed extraction methods did not show significant difference in the physiological quality of the seeds of the two determinate vegetable tomato varieties tested.


Introduction: There has been a rush to find a cure for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the early days of the pandemic. Drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine used to treat malaria, and autoimmune disorders received a lot of media attention and an emergency use authorization by FDA early on, which was withdrawn in June 2020. The aim of this study was to assess the trends of medication use among COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study was conducted at a large university-affiliated hospital system. The study collected data from electronic medical records on all COVID-19 patients from March-November 2020. Data was also collected on medication usage for all patients in 2019. The association of death/hospice with each medication usage among inpatient COVID-19 patients was assessed using unadjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: Among all COVID-19 inpatient admissions, up to 50% of all hospitalized patients received Hydroxychloroquine and 7% overall during the study period. Hydroxychloroquine was not associated with death/hospice in inpatient COVID-19 patients. The use of Hydroxychloroquine was higher in the initial months of the pandemic coinciding with initial recommendations and increased news media coverage. On March 20, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave Hydroxychloroquine an emergency use authorization (EUA). In March, Hydroxychloroquine was given to 50% of COVID-19 patients. As more evidence was published, the use of Hydroxychloroquine declined in April, and by April 24, the FDA issued a warning against the use of Hydroxychloroquine. Utilization had dropped to 32% of hospitalized patients. By June 15, the FDA had rescinded the EUA given to Hydroxychloroquine with utilization less than 2% by June 1 in hospitalized patients. Conclusion: In the time of rapid nontraditional communication of disease therapies, Hydroxychloroquine utilization in COVID-19 may have demonstrated most rapid implementation and de-implementation of any intervention in modern medicine. (Table Presented).


Objective:To develop polycystic ovary syndrome model.Methods:PCOS model induced by Levonorgestrel Implant implanting and HCG injection.Concentrations of T,FPG,FIns and subsequent hormone have been determined by radio immunoassay.Results:The model rats have developed PCO changes,Homa-IR T,FPG,Fins levels have dramatically higher than that of the controls.PCOS model has been induced in 24d.Conclusion:The rat model which induced by Levonorgestrel Implant implanting and HCG injection is a convincing model for PCOS study.


Eradicating hedgehogs: The title molecule has been previously identified as a potent inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which gives embryonic cells information needed to develop properly. This molecule is shown to modulate Hedgehog target gene expression by depolymerizing microtubules, thus revealing dual roles of the cytoskeleton in pathway regulation (see figure).


Camellia oleifera seeds and soil samples were collected from ten planting areas,and oil content and its components with their relations to soil nutrients were analyzed.The results showed that most soil samples were acid except that of Zigong of Sichuan,and the soil nutrient contents were generally low.Soil nutrient were chiefly effected by soil organic matter,N and exchangeable Mg,P and exchangeable Ca,K.Fatty acid of Camellia oleifera oil was mainly composed of oleic,linoleic,palmitic acid and stearic acid,and there were still some differences among habitats,the content of linoleic acid had the lorgest variation.Oil content of the kernel from Qianjiang of Chongqing was the highest(50.06%),Sanjiang of Guangxi population had significantly lower oil content than that from other groups.Correlation analysis showed that oil content had not correlated with soil nutrients analyzed,but the content of stearic acid and oil content,total nitrogen of soil was in significant positive correlation,soil organic matter and available nitrogen had significant positive correlation with the content of linoleic acid,linoleic acid and oleic acid was in significant positive correlation.


Soft sensors enable the calculation of difficult to measure, delayed or critical variables in different processes. In this work, a data-driven approach for soft sensors based on factor graphs and probabilistic inference is presented. Factor graphs describe the factorization of the system dynamics, which follows from expert knowledge. The probability density functions implied by the factor graph are parameterized with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to consider nonlinearities and multimodal process behavior. The approach is used for calculating and forecasting unknown quantities using probabilistic inference. Furthermore, the factorization allows a distributed implementation, the detection of sensor faults as well as their compensation to achieve robustness. An analytical formulation of the uncertainty propagation is also presented for the GMM. The approach is experimentally validated by determining temperature profiles in an industrial oven yielding to an average deviation of less than 2 K.


[FIHSIHKAHLVRRCHUWAHL ] (heretofore FV), was a design research project into the development of an 'architectural user-interface' (AUI), a built structure that operates as a mediator between human beings and computational information. Through its use of computer vision and gestural interactions, the FV project aimed to develop a novel approach to the design of AUIs whose interactions occurred in relation to the space of the architecture rather than being limited to separate interfaces such as mobile phones or control terminals. In this paper, the concept, structure, and software of the project is outlined in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are then discussed in relation to the installation and testing of an initial prototype within a public space in Perth, Western Australia. This paper aims to provide research outcomes which may contribute to future interdisciplinary research in the fields of architecture, urban design, interactive public art, and HCI design.


We studied the safety and efficacy of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction initiated prior to ambulance transport. Two treatment regimens were compared in a prospective design: 40 patients (group A) received intravenous streptokinase 5 ± 105 IU (SK-IV) prior to and during ambulance transport and were compared with 36 patients (group B) in whom the same dosage of streptokinase was given after arrival in our hospital. In all patients immediate coronary angiography was performed, followed by intracoronary streptokinase administration. Infarct size was assessed by cumulative release of α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. Apart from three episodes of ventricular fibrillation no procedure-related complications occurred during transport. Median time to SK-IV was 70 minutes in group A versus 125 minutes in group B (P < 0.001). At first visualization the infarct-related vessel was patent in 23 patients (58%) in group A and in 6 patients (17%) in group B (P < 0.001). Anterior wall infarction median infarct size in group A was 32% smaller than that in group B (P < 0.05). We conclude that SK-IV started before ambulance transport is safe, accelerates early reperfusion rate, and consequently leads to a further limitation of infarct size in patients with anterior wall infarction. (J Interven Cardiol 1989:2:3)


Antibodies were produced in various species against particulate (sheep red blood cells and Salmonella bacteria) or soluble (E. coli endotoxin, human serum albumin and mouse γ-globulin) antigens. Antibody mixed with the corresponding antigen stimulated DNA synthesis in normal human lymphocytes cultivated in vitro, whereas antibody alone or antigen alone had no or a negligible effect. The species origin of the antibody did not seem to influence the results. Maximal stimulation of DNA synthesis occurred after 5–6 days. Preformed antigen–antibody complexes were also stimulatory, whereas heat-aggregated γ-globulin had no effect. The addition of fresh complement did not increase DNA stimulation. The degree of stimulation of DNA synthesis after contact between lymphocytes from immunized individuals and the specific antigen was even further increased when humoral antibody was introduced.

The present findings suggest a mechanism by which non-committed lymphoid cells of host origin are activated by a small proportion of antibody-producing cells to participate in various cell-mediated immune reactions, in particular since it was found that lymphocytes stimulated by antigen–antibody complexes acquired the capacity to kill allogeneic and autochthonous fibroblasts.


Chapter 1 Territorial Changes as Consequences and Causes of Territorial Disputes Chapter 2 Theoretical Linkages Between Territorial Changes and Subsequent Militarized Conflict over Land Chapter 3 Research Design Chapter 4 Aftermath of State-to-Stae Territorial Transfers Chapter 5 Aftermath of Secessions Chapter 6 Aftermath of Unifications Chapter 7 Project Summary, Implications, and Extensions


Following a rigorous, carefully concerns and considered review of the article published in International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research to article entitled "Decision support system in Predicting the Best teacher with Multi-Attribute Decision Making Weighted Product (MADMWP) Method" Vol 1, No 1, pp. 47-53, June 2017, DOI:  https://doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v1i1.1 This paper has been found to be in violation of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Publication principles and has been retracted. The article contained redundant material, the editor investigated and found that the paper published in JURASIK ( Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika ) Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 56-63, 2016, http://ejurnal.tunasbangsa.ac.id/index.php/jurasik/article/view/9 The document and its content have been removed from International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, and reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to this article.


Currently in the city of Bogota, large amounts of solid waste of plant origin are generated, either by losses in the postharvest centers or by waste generated in commercial establishments, such as restaurants, shopping centers, supermarkets, among others; Many of these contain high levels of lignin, especially wood in the form of sawdust and shavings; or the bagasse and husks from fruit and vegetables, and waste from the preparation of coffee cups. These materials are optimal in the preparation of substrates, for the production of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus; since this, presents great lignocellulosic capacity; On the other hand, this organism presents good nutritional and medicinal properties for human consumption, being a very effective means for the utilization of sub products of vegetable origin.


The structure and performance of the axial warp-knitted composite were introduced, including bi-axial and multi-axial organizations. According to the unique structure of this fabric, the mechanical properties and the advantages as a composite reinforcement were compared with regular staple woven fabrics. The advantages of composites reinforced by bi-axial and multi-axial knitted fabrics were discussed and the applications of such advanced materials were briefly presented.


This study sought to investigate the economic benefits from the 2010 FIFA World Cup. To do this, a key component of Zimbabwe's tourism sector, the hotel and lodging sector, was isolated. The economic benefits were proxied by the number of foreign tourist arrivals around the mega event. Data for the study was gathered through questionnaires and interviews, and the study units comprised a sample of 87 hotels and lodges in the country's prime tourist destinations. The study established that despite efforts made to host the anticipated visitors, players in Zimbabwe's hotel and lodging sector did not benefit. The policy recommendations drawn are that though the short term benefits can be negligible, there are potentially sustainable long term benefits.


In order to provide various business analysis methods, OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) systems represent their data with multidimensional structures. These multidimensional data are often delivered to users in the horizontal format of tables whose columns are corresponding to values of dimension attributes. Since the horizontal tables nay have a large number of columns, they cannot be stored directly in relational database systems. Furthermore, the tables are likely to have many null values (i.e., sparse tables). In order to manage the horizontal tables efficiently, we can store them as the vertical format of tables which has dimension attribute names as their columns thus transforms the columns of horizontal tables into rows. In this way, every queries for horizontal tables have to be transformed into those for vertical tables. This paper proposed a technique for transforming horizontal table queries into vertical table ones by utilizing not only traditional relational algebraic operators but also the PIVOT operator which recent DBMS versions are providing. For achieving this goal, we designed a relational algebraic expression equivalent to the PIVOT operator and we formally proved their equivalence. Then, we developed a transformation technique for horizontal table queries using the PIVOT operator. We also performed experiments to analyze the performance of the proposed method. From the experimental results, we revealed that the proposed method has better performance than existing methods.


This paper presents a low cycle test on 4 high strength concrete-filled square hollow section (SHS) beam-columns under axial load and biaxial bending moment. The parameters in the study include axial compression ratio (0.433~0.624), width-to-thickness ratio (30 and 50) and slenderness ratio (18.5 and 25.4). The experimental results showed that the specimens have better hysteretic properties and ductility (μ=3.63~5.18). The bearing capacity and ductility of the specimens decrease with the increase of axial compression ratio; and the bearing capacity increases as the width-to-thickness ratio increases. Fiber-based model is employed to calculate the load-deformation hysteresis curves of specimens and the corresponding results agree well with the experimental results. The cross-sectional parameters of such member are analyzed, and the effects of confinement index, axial compression ratio, load angle and load type on the behavior of the specimens are investigated in details with fiber-based model. Simplified models for the moment-curvature response and load-restoring force are suggested. Results from the suggested models show good agreement with the experimental results, and the models can be applied to elastoplastic dynamic analysis of structures.


The article confronts two ways of organizing the memory of Spanish Transition: one represented by Javier Cercas (Anatomia de un instante, El impostor), who turns to a novel without fiction, and the other proposed by Jordi Evole in Operacion Palace, which is a fake documentary. The analysis allows to detect the great thematic axes of the memory of Transition, especially that of consensus, and go deeper into its potential subversive load.


Light intensity phase converter according to the present invention includes first and second waveguide first input light is input, and a third waveguide in which the second input light is input, the second and commonly provided on the third waveguide, and a interaction region that interacts with the first and second input light is multiplexed, based on the intensity of the first or the second input light Te, imparting a phase difference to output light output from the first and second waveguides. Thus, it is possible to provide a possible light intensity phase converter constituting the optical A / D converter easily.


The reliance of today's automotive system on electronics control system is expected to make the cars to be state-of-the-art vehicle. However, this technology dependency results in the cars to be exposed to attacks by the hacker through the manipulation of electronics system. Previously, for the attacker to compromise car's system, he/she must access the car directly and internally. However, with the incorporation of wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and cellular into automotive system for example in its telematic units, the attacks are evolved from internal attacks into remote attack where the adversary does not have to internally access the car's system. This paper analyses the vulnerabilities of the automotive system by the remote attacks performed through Bluetooth and cellular. Once the vulnerabilities were analyzed, the threats imposed by these vulnerabilities are accessed. Two scenarios namely theft and surveillance are used to exemplify the threats that are carried by the vulnerability of the automotive system to the remote attacks. From the vulnerability analysis and threat assessment, it can be deduced that the automotive system is vulnerable to attacks and proper countermeasure must be taken to curb the implication from the attacks. Keywords: Hardware Trojan, Insertion, Third-part IP, Trust


This article discusses the administration of school administration and the process of administrative administration (correspondence and filing), office or school spatial planning and how the role of the teacher in the administration of school administration.


A method for the determination of Mn,Fe,Si,Al,Ti,Ca,Mg,Na,K,P,Ba,Cu,Zn,Ni in manganese ores by Axios X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with fusion pellet sample preparation technique has been developed.The matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficient.The method has been applied to the determination of these elements in National Standard Reference manganese ore sample(GBW 07266) and the results are in agreement with certified values.The precision of the method is ≤8%RSD(n=12) for all the elements determined except for CuO(10.05%RSD).The method is simple and rapid.


This report gives a brief overview of the contents in a contract and how they are created.Different types of contracts and who may sign them is also treated in the report. The course of action when a contract disagreement occurs is also dealt with. Finally an example agreement in a punctuated form is supplied to illustrate that there are quite a lot to consider when an agreement is reached.


A search for the electroweak production of pairs of charged sleptons or charginos decaying into two-lepton final states with missing transverse momentum is presented. Two simplified models of 𝑅 -parity-conserving supersymmetry are considered: direct pair-production of sleptons ( ˜ ℓ ˜ ℓ ), with each decaying into a charged lepton and a ˜ 𝜒 01 neutralino, and direct pair-production of the lightest charginos ( ˜ 𝜒 ± 1 ˜ 𝜒 ∓ 1 ) , with each decaying into a 𝑊 -boson and a ˜ 𝜒 01 . The lightest neutralino ( ˜ 𝜒 01 ) is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The analyses target the experimentally challenging mass regions where 𝑚 ( ˜ ℓ ) − 𝑚 ( ˜ 𝜒 01 ) and 𝑚 ( ˜ 𝜒 ± 1 ) − 𝑚 ( ˜ 𝜒 01 ) are close to the 𝑊 -boson mass ('moderately compressed' regions). The search uses 139 fb − 1 of √ 𝑠 = 13 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excesses over the expected background are observed. Exclusion limits on the simplified models under study are reported in the ( ˜ ℓ, ˜ 𝜒 01 ) and ( ˜ 𝜒 ± 1 , ˜ 𝜒 01 ) mass planes at 95% confidence level (CL). Sleptons with masses up to 150 GeV are excluded at 95% CL for the case of a mass-splitting between sleptons and the LSP of 50 GeV. Chargino masses up to 140 GeV are excluded at 95% CL for the case of a mass-splitting between the chargino and the LSP down to about 100 GeV.


Aiming at the structural feature and polarimetric property preservation in speckle reduction of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images, an improved speckle reduction algorithm based on structural judgment and hybrid four-component polarimetric decomposition (HPD) is developed. To protect the structural feature, a new structural judgment based on edge masks and pixels' sort is used for dividing pixels into three structural categories: bright, dark, and common targets. To protect the polarimetric property, a new scattering classification with HPD is employed to divide further the dark and common targets into four scattering classes. HPD inherits the physical significance of Pauli and Yamaguchi decomposition with its advantage of less time consumption. After that, without bright targets, a dark or a common pixel centered in a sliding window is filtered. To achieve better filtering results, pixels in its same and three neighboring scattering clusters from the same structural category are selected to filter. The experimental results of the UAVSAR and RADARSAT-2 data illuminate the validity of our proposed method.


OBJECTIVE: Carotid ultrasound is a screening modality used to aid in the prevention of ischemic stroke in high-risk patients. B-mode ultrasound of the carotid artery identifies the vessel wall, lumen, and potential plaque burden within the artery, but requires qualified technicians and physicians to perform and interpret the study. To date, utilization of automated state of the art machine-learning techniques like deep learning in this realm have been limited. Herein, we describe our initial experience with the use of a deep convolutional neural network called U-Net for lumen identification in carotid ultrasounds images.


Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease.Although the majority of patients can be controlled with analgesics and regional pain blocks,a number of them will require additional measures such as endoscopic stenting,drainage procedures or even resectional surgery.Total pancreatectomy is the most effective treatment but inevitably results in diabetes due to the complete removal of all functioning endocrine tissue.Total pancreatectomy with islet Auto Transplantation(IAT)which is considered as the effective treatment for chronic pancreatise can prevent or minimize the otherwise inevitable surgical diabetes.So,IAT should be considered the primary surgical option for patients who have pancreatic resection of benign lesions and promoted in the domestic.


This study was performed to determine the effect of field pea silages which are the organic acid alternative of Oregano and cinnamon essential oils on fermentation quality and metabolic energy (ME). Whole field pea was harvested at full pod stage and wilted in the laboratory at the 48 h. The chopped pea was mixed and divided into equal portions for application of five treatments: CON; distilled water, denoted as treatment control; treatment OA; organic acid, 5 g/kg of fresh forage, treatment ORE; origanum onites L. essential oil at 400 mg, treatment CIN; cinnamon essential oil at 400 mg, treatment ORECIN; ORE + CIN, a mixture of ORE and CIN applied at an equal rate of 400 mg of fresh forage.The oregano and cinnamon essential oil used in the research affected the acetic acid and Enzymatic solubility of organic matter (ESOM) positively in the 120 day silage of the field pea silages. However, when all the results of the research were evaluated together, it was concluded that it is necessary to repeat the work by increasing the number of layers in which the silages are wrapped.


With the single-factor experiment and the orthogonal design, various extracting conditions for total paeony glycoside (TPG) were observed. The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions of ethanol under reflux was 70% ethanol with 10 times of solvent to extract twice, once for 30min, and the extraction rate of TPG was 4.68%; the best technique of supersonic wave extraction was 70% ethanol with 14 times of solvent to extract twice, once for 30min, the extraction rate of TPG was 4.47%. Also, the purification of TPG by macro adsorption resin was investigated. The results showed that nonpolar resin ATD-21 and D101 were good sorbents of TPG. The optimum conditions of ATD-21 included that the concentration of sample was 2. 1~4.2mg/ml with flow rate of 1.0~3.0ml/min, the quantity of sample was 52.5mg/g resin and 30% ethanol 60ml was used as eluant. With the optimum technological process, the collection ratio of TPG was 82.9% and the purity reached 74.1%.


-In this investigation, thermo-hydraulic performance of rectangular ducts roughened with a new configuration of 'broken arc rib combined with staggered rib piece' on one broad wall is determined. The duct has aspect ratio (AR) of 12 and the Reynolds number (Re) ranged from 2000 to 16000. To simulate the indoor testing of solar air heater, the roughened side of rectangular duct is heated with constant heat flux electric heater while the remaining three walls are insulated. These boundary conditions correspond closely to those found in solar air heaters. Five broken arc rib combined with staggered rib roughened plates having arc angle of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75° have been tested. The relative staggered rib size, relative staggered rib position, relative roughness height, relative gap size, relative gap position and relative roughness pitch were fixed as 4, 0.6, 0.043, 1.0, 0.65 and 10 respectively. The thermo-hydraulic performance parameter based on equal pumping power (η), friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu), are found to be more at arc angle (α) of 30° than at other arc angles. The highest value of thermohydraulic performance is 2.33 corresponding to Reynolds number of 12000.


The cylindrical cavity resonator method is presented to evaluate the complex relative permittivity of lossy materials. The loaded sample in the cavity is required to have the rotational symmetry but may have bulky and/or wide sample. To measure the sample at the specified frequency with high Q, movable dielectric supports with low permittivity and low loss are loaded in cavity. Theoretical basis of the method is the hybrid electromagnetic field analysis, i.e. the extended spectral domain approach combined with mode-matching method (ESDMM). The proposed evaluation method is verified with virtual experiments as well as actual measurements.


Spare parts optimisation requires an integrated approach that starts with the removal of factors that create noise: bad coding, resulting in parts proliferation; lack of classification and thus of focus; poor network practices (uncoupled warehouses, poor relation with key suppliers); and poor data integrity (non-centralised, non-real time data). Emphasis is also placed on improving forecasts and the application of multi-echelon inventory models for repairable items. The METRIC model is then applied to a hypothetical and two real cases, an underground system and a mobile telephone company in Venezuela.


The discovery of a late Sarmatian (latest Middle Miocene) small mammal fauna at the base of the clay pit St. Stefan near Gratkorn is of primary importance for the biostratigraphic and ecologic comprehension of the faunal evolution during the late Middle Miocene of Central Europe. In this paper five species of insectivores and one bat are described. The gymnure Schizogalerix voesendorfensis is the most abundant species of the small mammal fauna. The Gratkorn sample represents the earliest occurrence of the species in the fossil record. A single molar of a second, large-sized Galericinae cannot be attributed to any known species. The new talpid Desmanodon fluegeli n. sp. shares similarities with the Anatolian lineage D. minor / D. major. An exceptionally well preserved mandible of the large shrew Dinosorex cannot be determinate at the species level. In addition, some rare remains of the bat cf. Myotis sp. are also reported. From biogeographical point of view the insectivore fauna can be related to eastern Central European / Anatolian assemblages. Although taphonomic biases are suspected, the environmental conditions proposed on the basis of sedimentary analyzes (open forest with moist soil) can contribute to the low alpha diversity of insectivores in this locality.


Given a global field $F$ with absolute Galois group $G_F$, we define a category $SMod_F$ whose objects are finite $G_F$-modules decorated with local conditions. We define this category so that `taking the Selmer group' defines a functor $Sel$ from $SMod_F$ to $Ab$. After defining a duality functor $\vee$ on $SMod_F$, we show that every short exact sequence $0 \to M_1 \to M \to M_2 \to 0$ in $SMod_F$ gives rise to a natural bilinear pairing $$Sel (M_2) \times Sel (M_1^{\vee}) \to \mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$$ whose left and right kernels are the images of $Sel (M)$ and $Sel (M^{\vee})$, respectively. This generalizes the Cassels--Tate pairing defined on the Shafarevich--Tate group of an abelian variety over $F$ and results in a flexible theory in which pairings associated to different exact sequences can be readily compared to one another. As an application, we give a new proof of Poonen and Stoll's results concerning the failure of the Cassels--Tate pairing to be alternating for principally polarized abelian varieties and extend this work to the setting of Bloch--Kato Selmer groups.


SUBTITLE: NEW SERVICES, HOPE THAT THE RECESSION IS A THING OF THE PAST AND A NEW PRO-TRADE CLIMATE ALL COULD MEAN A GREAT YEAR FOR NORTHEAST PORTS.


A soluble protein fraction has been isolated from the cornea by simple aqueous extraction. This preparation possesses transplantation antigen activity as demonstrated by its ability to induce a specific sensitization resulting in the accelerated destruction of a corneal graft. The corneal antigen preparation is also capable of stimulating the production of humoral antibodies, but the relationship between the transplantation immunity and the antibody response remains to be elaborated.


In the light of coating ageing, resistance increment of anode groundbed, reference electrode failure and breakdown of 4-core cable in three oil pipelines of Daqing Oilfield, the detection on resistance of anode groundbed, current leakage at the location of cathodic disbanding and insulating resistance of coating is conducted. The countermeasures in cathodic protection, CP system management, monitoring method and pipeline maintenance are proposed. The evaluation on protection results of the measures taken is carried out.


Summary On the basis of correlational studies and anecdotal evidence, it was hypothesized that a loudly speaking person would be perceived as being more aggressive, dominant, and self-assured than would a softly speaking person. Sixty-three male and female college students listened to a tape-recorded interview in which they heard a female interviewee answer questions in either a low, moderate, or high voice volume. Ss rated the interviewee on seven point personality trait scales. The interviewee was perceived as most aggressive when speaking in a high voice volume, but was also perceived to be lacking in self-assurance.


This paper addresses spectral collocation techniques to treat with the distributed-order fractional partial differential equation (DOFPDE). We introduce a new shifted fractional order Jacobi orthogonal function (SFOJOF) outputted by Jacobi polynomials. Also, we state some corollaries and theorems related to new SFOJOF. The shifted Jacobi-Gauss-Lobatto collocation (SJ-GL-C) and shifted fractional order Jacobi-Gauss-Radau collocation (SFJ-GR-C) methods are developed for approximating the DOFPDEs. The basis of the shifted Jacobi polynomial is adapted for spatial discretization and another basis of SFOJOF is investigated for temporal discretization. Through the selected basis functions, the related conditions are automatically accomplished. The principal target in our technique is to transform the DOFPDE to a system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples are given to test the accuracy and applicability of our technique.


Many anthropogenic compounds, such as antibiotics,
are found at trace levels (-1) in aquatic and terrestrial systems. The effect of
these compounds on the metabolism and function of microbes are difficult to
assess because the assays used, such as the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and the disk diffusion methods, lack the sensitivities to measure bacterial
response to these very low levels of antibiotics on bacterial populations.
Therefore, we theorized that the [3H] thymidine incorporation
into DNA method might be sensitive in determining the effect of DNA inhibiting antibiotics
on DNA production in planktonic bacteria in aquatic systems. Utilizing the 3H thymidine method, we measured the effects of ciprofloxacin on DNA
production on planktonic bacteria in river and pond waters. Ciprofloxacin
significantly (P -1 but significant inhibition (P -1in pond water. The very low concentration required
to inhibit DNA production in river water bacteria indicates that bacteria are
extremely sensitive to antibiotics at very low concentrations. A likely reason
for the differences in inhibition between the two waters is due to
ciprofloxacin becoming bound, and possibly becoming biologically inactive, in
the pond water due to higher dissolved organic carbon content. This work demonstrates
that bacteria in some aquatic systems can be significantly impacted by low
concentrations of anthropogenic antibiotics finding their way into these
systems and that our assumptions as to the concentrations at which antibiotics
affect microbes are highly underestimated.


The Introduction outlines the structure, major themes, methodologies, and limitations of The Fame of C. S. Lewis. It justifies the import of the subject as lying with the long-lasting cultural influence of C. S. Lewis, as well as what the topic reveals about the reading and intellectual cultures of Britain and America and key differences between these countries. It identifies important, new primary source materials and points of possible interest excluded by this study. It states that the book is not a work of literary criticism, nor a work of 'reception studies' formerly considered. An outline of the book is provided.


The invention discloses an aquatic plant system for recovering original ecology of polluted water. Firstly, according to the hydrological condition of the polluted water and the current condition of aquatic plants, aquatic plants suitable for growth in the polluted water are selected, and three regions of an interception wave-resistant belt, a three-dimensional interception belt and an aquatic plant recovering belt are constructed by using the aquatic plants in different ecological niches for three-dimensionally removing nitrogen and phosphorus of the water and bottom mud, and thus original aquatic plants are recovered, and the pollution consumption capacity of the water is further enhanced. The aquatic plant system has two functions of water treatment and ecological recovery, and is simple to operate and low in cost.


Abstract An analytical model for the electric field associated with a periodic array of alternating p- and n-doped stripes lying in a half-plane, tilted with respect to the specimen edges and thus better representing the actual experimental set-up is presented. With respect to a previous treatment, relative to the case of stripes perpendicular to the edge, a more physical derivation is outlined, and the calculated phase shift is used to interpret the main features of holography and Lorentz microscopy images, allowing a quantitative assessment of the influence of the specimen edge on them.


This paper examines a charging/discharging scheme for Li-ion battery energy storage system used in renewable generation systems, with the view to minimize the growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase film and to prolong the battery life. A suitable reduced-order equivalent circuit model of the lithium-ion battery is developed based on electrochemistry. The model is used in the design of the battery power flow control scheme. By solving an optimization problem using dynamic programming algorithm, a computationally-efficient heuristic control strategy is further developed in accordance with the result of the optimization. The proposed new strategy is then compared with conventional dual-battery charging method to demonstrate the use of the proposed scheme can indeed extend the battery lifetime.


Joint venture in Indonesia has been regulated through Government Regulation No. 20 of 1994 concerning Ownership of Shares of Companies Established in the Framework of Investment and Presidential Decree no. 32, 33 and 34 of 1992 in which a cooperation between foreign capital and national parties intended by the government to provide protection and the role or participation of national private parties in the implementation of foreign investment in Indonesia. Foreign Investment in Indonesia must be in the form of a Limited Liability Company based on Indonesian law and domiciled within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, unless otherwise stipulated in the Law. This is due to the function of the PT itself, namely the limitation of liability for shareholders. With the proliferation of Foreign Investment implementation in Indonesia, the Government has arranged to continue to provide equal opportunities for every citizen to actively participate in the investment sector. The method of research is normative legal research and type of data analysis used is a qualitative approach with literature studie. Result, one of the government's efforts to prevent monopolistic practices is to oblige business actors to make a notification or notification to the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha).


Information of bathyal and abyssal non-crustaceans invertebrates is scarce in the Mediterranean Sea, especially in submarine canyons. The present study presents an updated taxonomical classification for these groups and reports new data on their distribution and density in canyon areas and adjacent open sedimentary slopes. Samples were collected from 220 trawls and 36 ROV dives conducted in the Blanes, Palamos and Cap de Creus canyons and their adjacent slopes (north-western Mediterranean), between 850 and 3000 m depth. The most abundant Phylum was the Echinodermata, representing 52.9% of the total invertebrate density (calculated as ind.•km 2), and 48.6 % of the total invertebrate biomass (calculated as kg.•km 2). Five rare species for the Mediterranean were found: a sipunculid, 3 echinoderms and 1 carnivore ascidian.


We report the fibril formation of poly(d-glucose carbonate) (PGC)-based amphiphilic diblock copolymers using solution assembly. Unlike conventional cylindrical micelles constructed from amphiphilic...


Modernization affects the religious lives of women in diverse and dramatic ways. On the one hand, women may find increased arenas for religious involvement, both inside and outside of traditional religious frameworks. Simultaneously, women's rituals and beliefs are often especially vulnerable to attacks from the forces of modernization. This paper focuses on the experience of elderly Jewish women of Asian origin who now live in modern Israel. The author suggests that the very nature of women's religion—domestic, personal, hidden, and flexible—explains its tenacity and creativity in the face of modernization. These findings are examined within a broad, cross-cultural context.


The harmonious community is the common target and important content of the construction of the community in the world. Based on the experiences of the western countries in the construction of the community, in order to construct the harmonious community our country must establish and perfect the cooperation mechanism between the government and the community organization, and establish and perfect the community's communication mechanism, service system and stabilization mechanism.


Word access is an obligatory step in language production. In order to achieve his communicative goal, a speaker/writer needs not only to have something to say, he must also find the corresponding word(s). Yet, knowing a word, i.e. having it stored in a data-base or memory (human mind or electronic device) does not imply that one is able to access it in time. This is a clearly a case where computers (electronic dictionaries) can be of great help.

In this paper we present our ideas of how an enhanced electronic dictionary can help people to find the word they are looking for. The yet-to-be-built resource is based on the age-old notion of association: every idea, concept or word is connected. In other words, we assume that people have a highly connected conceptuallexical network in their mind. Finding a word amounts thus to entering the network at any point by giving the word or concept coming to their mind (source word) and then following the links (associations) leading to the word they are looking for(target word).

Obviously, in order to allow for this kind of access, the resource has to be built accordingly. This requires at least two things: (a) indexing words by the associations they evoke, (b) identification and labeling of the most frequent/useful associations. This is precisely our goal. Actually, we propose to build an associative network by enriching an existing electronic dictionary (essentially) with (syntagmatic) associations coming from a corpus, representing the average citizen's shared, basic knowledge of the world (encyclopedia). Such an enhanced electronic database resembles in many respects our mental dictionary. Combining the power of computers and the flexibility of the human mind (omnidirectional navigation and quick jumps), it emulates to some extent the latter in its capacity to navigate quickly and efficiently in a large data base.

While the notions of association and spreading activation are fairly old, their use to support word access via computer is new. The resource still needs to be built, and this is not a trivial task. We discuss here some of the strategies and problems involved in accomplishing it with the help of people and computers (automation).


Hybrid optoelectronic real-time joint transform correlator can realize target auto detection,recognition and location.But in fact,the target image collected from the imaging sensor has low contrast and large background noise.It greatly increases the difficulty of target recognition and results in low recognition rate.Wavelet transform is applied to the field of optical correlation target auto detection and recognition based on its multi-resolution characteristic which can largely embody the information of an image.Wavelet transform was used to correlate with joint transform correlator and more sharp correlation peaks were obtained by investigating wavelet image enhancement of object surface.As a result,the recognition of targets with cluttered scenes and low contrast has been realized and experimental results firmly testify the fact that using wavelet transform in the filed of optical correlation has a good future in application.


Summary Lespedeza straw consisting of the roughage from a crop of lespedeza harvested before maturity and threshed for seed, proved somewhat less palatable and slightly less valuable as a feed for dairy cows in milk than soybean hay harvested in the early stages of pod formation. Twenty-three per cent of the soybean hay fed was refused while only ten per cent of the lespedeza straw was refused.


Based on the summary and evaluation of the classical succession models at home and abroad,it is found that these studies mainly built models separate from entrepreneurs and successors,while ignoring the evolution of intergenerational relationships between entrepreneurs and successors and its influence on succession.This paper builds a model based on the perspective of intergenerational relationships by the case study of three family businesses in China,points out that the succession process developing with the intergenerational relationships,and proposes that harmonious intergenerational relationships are a guarantee of successful succession.


A set of bearing capacity atlas is designed for a submarine based on the hydrodynamics and manoeuvre principia. The factors that affect the bearing capacity are analyzed. This atlas is significative for directing the kinetic anti-sinking of submarines. An illustration is given to present the characteristics of the atlas.


Dementia care is an area healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) are likely to be involved in. It is important that with dementia patients, there is a focus on person-centred care as this will ensure that each individual is treated and cared for as sensitively and effectively as possible. Although this area of care can and will present challenges to the carer, it can also be very rewarding if performed properly. This article will explain what can trigger behaviour associated with dementia. It will also provide advice on coping with such behaviour in order for HCAs and APs to deliver the best care possible.


A process for preparing baking ceramsite from solid waste belongs to the field of architectural materials. The invention bakes ceramsite products with high property by employing coal gangue, sludge and waste glass powder as raw materials. Components percentage by weight in the formula comprise the coal gangue of 15-45%, urban domestic dry sludge of 25%-50% and waste glass powder of 20%-50%. Ceramsite green-ware prepared according to the formula are heat-insulated at a temperature of 300DEG C-600DEG C for 20-50 minutes after being dried and carbon discharging is carried out, and then baked at a temperature of 950DEG C-1100DEG C for 8-20 minutes to obtain the ceramsite products, the property of which meets the Lightweight Aggregates and its Test Methods GB/T 17431.1-1998 Standards.


Biotech-based therapeutics have emerged as the growth engine for the pharmaceutical industry. Successful development and commercialization of biotech processes require the understanding of the relationships between the various attributes of the product and the product's clinical safety and efficacy, as well as, the effect of the different process parameters on the product's attributes. The complexity of the biotech products and the requirement for rigorous experimentation justify working at small scales.

This article presents general guidelines and relevant parameters affecting scale-down of the various unit operations involved in purification of proteins. The key parameters, assessment methods, assessment techniques, and challenges involved in scale-down are discussed.

Keywords:

scale-down;
biopharmaceutical;
purification;
quality by design (QbD)


To link reform efforts in science and mathematics education to the research on student cognition, researchers must engage in an understanding of systemic change. This article reports on an initiative linking a university research team and an urban high-school mathematics department in efforts to improve student learning. The article explores the ideas of systemic reform and implementation research in which researchers partner with teachers and schools over sustained periods of time to implement reform initiatives. It reports on the implementation of an 8-week replacement unit in all Algebra I classes and describes its results. It also provides an example of student and teacher learning with technology on a central concept of rate of change and discusses how those interviews illustrate differences in student and teacher learning. We discuss how cognitive research needs to be transformed to be successfully applied toward improvement within the challenges and opportunities of urban schools.


In angiosperm, fertilization starts from pollen adhesion, hydration, and germination. Pollen tubes penetrate the stigma, grow into the transmitting tract, and then onto the funiculi by breaking through septums. Finally, one pollen tube is guided to enter micropyle and release two sperm cells that fuse with the egg cell and the central cell respectively to complete fertilization. Notably, the sperm cells of angiosperm, lack of flagellum, are transported into the embryo sac with the help of pollen tubes. It is well received that fertilization is tightly controlled by the male-female interaction at different stages. For example, the pollen tube recognizes and responds to the signals from the ovule so that it can grow into the tiny micropylar opening, and know the proper time to release sperm cells. Meanwhile, sperm cells fuse with the egg and the central cell respectively after signals from both sides are perceived. Therefore, the fertilization depends on the successful recognition and interaction between male and female gametophytes at different developmental stages. This review summarizes recent progress on these interactions during fertilization.


The development of an Organizational Assessment Package (OAP) for use by Air Force management consultants is presented. Development was based on a contingency model of effectiveness with separate inventories measuring the major components of the model. Data were collected using the OAP from 4,786 Air Force military and civilian personnel. Factor analyses resulted in 22 factors which were orthogonal within each inventory. Internal consistency indices were computed using the coefficient alpha formula for the highest loading items which defined each factor. Some redundancy between inventories was identified and recommendations for items and factors for an operational OAP were made.


Agatu Local Government Area of Benue State has a floodplain totalling about 25,000 hectares composed of recent alluvial deposits. There are fifteen exploratory wells developed in the area by Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (BNARDA). This study carried out standard pumping and recovery tests on the wells and determined the yield of each well. The yields were compared with the crop water requirements of selected crops. Four simple methods of tubewell drilling of shallow aquifers were also comparatively evaluated on the basis of cost and related criteria to see which one is most suitable for the area. The values of the well yields ranged from 1.5l/s as the lowest to 5.0 l/s as the highest with a mean of 2.95l/s. Based on the crop water requirements of selected crops, the yield of each tubewell is more than sufficient to adequately irrigate one hectare of land. The cost of drilling a tubewell using the clear water jetting method was found to be 47%, 72% and 77% of the cost of using the rotary rig, the mud washboring and the baildown methods respectively. Therefore, economically the clear water jetting method is hereby recommended as the most suitable for the study area, especially as it suits the geology of the area very well. With encouragement from Governmental and non-governmental organisations in provision of inputs and credit facilities, the rural farmers in the locality can be gainfully employed in irrigated agriculture during the dry season as against the current practices where they do little or nothing.


Detailed measurements of the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the magnetization of hydrothermally grown ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ single crystals have been performed. It is concluded from an analysis of the experimental data that ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ is a weak ferromagnet with a net magnetization in the basal plane. The application of a magnetic field in the basal plane induces a phase transition from a weak ferromagnetic to an antiferromagnetic structure.


Abstract Both high-latitude (HLM) and low-latitude modes (LLM) of variability of zonal wind in the Southern Hemisphere have been identified. Through an analysis of a simulation for 1871–2200 by the CSIRO Mark 3 climate model, the extent to which these might both be described as "annular modes," based on their statistical patterns, physical mechanisms, and usefulness in climate study, is assessed. The modes are determined as EOF1 and EOF2 of vertically integrated zonal and monthly mean zonal wind, for 1871–1970. These match well those from ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) data and also from the earlier Mark 2 model. The mode index time series relate to largely annular patterns of local wind and surface pressure anomalies [with HLM giving the familiar southern annular mode (SAM)], and other simulated quantities. While modes calculated from 90° sectors are only moderately correlated (mostly in the polar region) for HLM, the link increases with time scale. There is little such relationship for LLM. A momentum equation...


This paper presents ground penetrating radar (GPR) results joined with and back‐upped by endoscopic tests performed in two churches. The aim of this work is to show how the endoscopic tests can help the interpretation of the achieved GPR images, and this will be shown with respect to two case histories in southern Italy. The usefulness of the endoscopic tests depends on the kind of targets, but is expected to be particularly useful in cases of buried cavities, where information about the volume and the possible past use of the cavity can be retrieved. In the examined cases, the endoscopic tests allowed the presence of three cavities to be established, helping also in the interpretation of their possible nature and use, even if the endoscopic probe was not gyroscopic nor equipped with a laser for the precise measure of the distances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background. A case of familial parathyroid crisis resulting from presumptive cancer in a 14‐year‐old boy impressed the authors with its rarity and need for recognition.


Photoredox pairs, composed of xanthone or thioxanthone derivatives acting as light absorbers and tetrabutylammonium salts of amino acids or sulfur-containing amino acids as co-initiators, were studied as photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization. The mechanism of free-radical formation was established using the laser flash photolysis. Measurements of polymerization kinetics show that the photoinitiation ability of the xanthone- or thioxanthone-derivative/ amino acid or sulfur-containing amino acid pairs depends on the initiator and co-initiator properties, mostly on the triplet state lifetime of xanthone or thioxanthone derivatives.


Background: Identifying risk factors for conversion to open surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy and factors are difficult to predict cholecystectomy surgery is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings of preoperative ultrasound in predicting the length of laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Methods: The present study was performed cross-sectional on 122 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Shahid Beheshti, Forghani and Nekoei's Hospital in Qom from September 2016 to September 2017. Inclusion criteria: All cases of acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, symptomatic gallstones and biliary pancreatitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The exclusion criteria included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the same time were other procedures. Before surgery patients' information such as age, sex, ultrasound findings including gallbladder wall thickness, compressed stone and the presence of fluid around the gallbladder were recorded in the checklist. Finally, the duration of cholecystectomy was divided into two degrees of easy operation (less than 60 minutes and without complications) and difficult operation (above 60 minutes with complications) according to the mentioned variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). In this study, a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: 28 (22.4 percent) males and 97 (77.6 percent) females with a mean age of 44.66 13 13.85 years were studied. There were 35 difficult cases (28 percent) and 90 easy cases (72 percent). Conversion to open surgery occurred in three cases. Among the sonographic findings, there was a significant relationship between the increase in gallbladder wall thickness and Impacted stone with the duration of operation (P≤0.05). But no significant relationship was found between the findings of Presence of pericholecystic fluid and the duration of operation (P>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study showed that preoperative ultrasound is able to provide valuable data in predicting the duration of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abstract


2015 is the International Year of Soils, as adopted by the United Nations, and reflects the global importance of soil resources in ecosystem sustainability. Soil is not only required for food production, but is also critical for biodiversity conservation and a broad range of ecosystem services. However, soil degradation and loss through anthropogenic activities is highly worrying and reaching a crisis point. Protecting the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of soil is, therefore, of vital importance in securing human and ecosystem health.


Dr Max Klimburg, an Austrian art historian and ethnologist, is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Ethnology of Vienna University. Encouraged by Karl Jettmar and funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), he started his field research in September of 1971, focusing on the Kafir society, arts and culture in former Kafiristan, today's Nuristan, Afganistan. The last of his 18 field trips were in 2000 and 2002, funded by the same foundation. His publications include: The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush: Art and Society of the Waigal and Ashkun Kafirs (2 vols, Stuttgart, 1999). This article is based on a lecture given to the Society on 21 May, 2003.


In this article, I offer some thoughts on command at sea in the modern era. This is very much a personal perspective that will hopefully be of interest not only to those who will embark on such a command but also to those who need to appreciate the vicissitudes of this complex environment.


This study was designed to determine the optimal ratio of dropwort powder in castella by adding the powder at levels of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% respectively. The properties of the castella were analyzed by specific gravity, specific volume, color determinations, texture properties and sensory evaluation. The Specific gravity increased with increasing amount of dropwort powder. However, the specific volume decreased with increasing dropwort powder. For the color values, as more dropwort powder was added, the L-value decreased. The castella with 9% dropwort powder had a higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. A sensory panel perceived that the external and internal color of the castella become darker with the dropwort powder substitution and the grain size decreased with increasing amount dropwort powder, while sweet taste showed no significant difference. The order of overall preference was DP 9>DP 6>DP 12>CON>DP 3. Therefore, the substitution of 9% of wheat flour with dropwort powder was recommended in the production of castella.


cuits. The signal from the tensobridge was fed through matching resistors to the preamplifier inputs. Potentiometers were used for balancing and regulating the preamplifier amplification factor. The analog signal was fed from the amplifier output to the ADC consisting of a voltage-to-frequency converter assembled on two microcircuits and a transistor, and a counter. The transducer is constructed on the principle of a controlled voltage generator and consists of a voltage integrator, Smitt trigger, and a transistorized key. The pulse train, the repetition frequency of which is proportional to the signal of the bridge unbalance, was obtained at the collector of the key transistor. Assembled in microcircuits,th e counter control device made it possible to organize the operation in three sequential modes which were set at fixed intervals, i.e., count of the pulse train, indications on the sevensegment indicators, and zero setting of the counters. Out of the analog-to-digital converters of integral design developed in the country (KRII08PPI, K572PVI, KR572PV2, and KIII3PVI), the KR572PV2 with the use of the double integration method of conversion of the transmitter signals provides for high noise-protection and the possibility of operating with considerable lines of communications [6, 7]. Considering the above reasons, we used the type KR572PV2A microcircuit D5. It presents the result of conversion of the input signal from the tensotransmitters


The study of lung functionalism is a matter which, without good reason, has been long forgotten. As for other organs rapidly charged functional study, characters of real importance for the lung, however, it just outlined. And this is how you could say with Roger, the physiology of the lung was in the same state as it was the physiology of the liver before work Claudio Bernard, no one would give importance to what, indeed, has law.


Information technology that is increasingly developing requires a security mechanism that can guarantee confidentiality, integrity, and availability. one of the existing information technologies within Muhammadiyah Metro University, namely SISTER (Integrated Resource Information System) SISTER is an application that is used to fill in the portfolios of educators in Indonesia. SISTER is installed in each tertiary institution, the SISTER problem for university administrators is that this system does not give root access to university administrators so if there is an abnormality in the application it will make it difficult for administrators to block access from attackers, for this reason, this research will analyze the traffic that is on SISTER and see abnormal activity using the Wireshark tool so that if there is abnormal activity on the SISTER network it can be blocked on the internet network side through the router, this research will also test penetration testing on SISTER using the HPING3 tool to find out whether Wireshark can detect attacks which are conducted. The results of this study are an analysis of abnormal activity at SISTER Muhammadiyah University Metro and anticipating using a firewall, the result is that Wireshark can detect HPING3 attacks and the attacker's IP address can be blocked with a firewall.


Due to its simplicity and scalability, the Irregular Repetition Slotted ALOHA (IRSA) system that uses the successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique is a promising solution for uncoordinated multiple access of a massive number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. However, the peeling (iterative) decoder for IRSA is sequential in nature, and it might lead to cascading errors due to imperfect SIC. In this paper, we propose a parallel decoding algorithm for IRSA in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. Inspired by a recent advance in collision resolution for random access, our approach is to find a SIC-decoupling matrix so that the receiver can perform interference cancellation based on the received signals only. We propose a message-passing algorithm to find the optimal SIC-decoupling matrix when the induced user-slot bipartite graph of an IRSA system is acyclic. This includes the Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA) system that sends exactly two copies for each packet. Using a random graph analysis, we derive the throughput for parallel decoding of CRDSA in a threshold-based decoding model. We also conduct various numerical experiments to illustrate the tradeoffs between sequential decoding with a limited number of iterations and parallel decoding with a predefined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold. Our numerical results show that one can significantly reduce the decoding time and achieve comparable throughput by parallel decoding when the SNR is substantially larger than the decoding threshold.


In today's digital world invisible ink and paper have been replaced by much more versatile and practical covers for hiding messages - digital documents, images, video, and audio files. As long as an electronic document contains irrelevant or redundant information, it can be used as a "cover" to hide secret messages. Cryptography is the study of encoding and decoding secret messages. In the language of cryptography, codes are called the ciphers, encoded messages are called plaintext, and coded messages are called cipher text. Cryptography has for long been an important issue in the realm of computers. It was mainly used for the security needed for passwords but now cryptography is very important due to the Internet's flow of sensitive information such as credit card information and other sensitive information which is fairly easy to monitor by unintended third hand parties. The idea behind enciphering a message is to make it worthless to everyone except for the party with the deciphering "key". In this paper we implement Hill Cipher algorithm, for hiding our text behind the cover image and decrypt the cover image to get original text. The results are obtained by implementing our proposed technique in Matlab


Abstract The reference pricing system (RPS) in Portugal was intended to control the growth of pharmaceutical expenditure. Our research evaluated whether this was achieved, and which variables are determinant. We considered a sample of significant homogeneous groups before and after RPS implementation. We applied a multivariate linear regression analysis by ordinary least squares. RPS was related to a decrease of −2.9 percentage points (P < 0.001) in average price, −2.8 percentage points (P < 0.001) in brands' prices, and −9.7 percentage points (P < 0.001) in the difference between the average price of brands and the reference price (RP). There was an increase of 12.6 percentage points (P < 0.05) in the demand ratio of generics versus brands, and a statistically significant decrease in the consumption of medicines with a public price higher than the RP. RPS was associated with an increase of 9.8 percentage points in the number of generics. For higher levels of reimbursement there was a statistically significant decrease in prices, related to the RPS. The RPS in Portugal has driven a decrease in the price of medicines and an increase in demand for medicines with the same price as the RP. However, the effect on expenditure was not achieved.


In this essay, I argue that the problem with merit is not that people should not be given what they deserve, but rather that what certain people deserve is devalued in a merit-based system depending on their identity. This means that quite often achievement is not evaluated equally in academia for minoritarian faculty, graduate students, and staff members as countless blogs, scholarly presentations and papers, and tweets document.


Finely divided loose Nd2Fe14BHx, x≤5, hydride powder (particle size ≤1 μm is synthesized by washing Nd2Fe14B crystallites embedded in calcium and other by‐products (during a reduction‐diffusion‐reaction performed using excess calcium) in water. The calcium reacts thereby with the water and produces, Ca+H2O■CaO+H2, native hydrogen, which very intimately reacts the alloy and forms the hydrided alloy. The particles are passivated forming a thin but rather hydrogen proof (and probably amorphous) layer of oxide and hydroxide species on the surface. Consequently, peculiarly, they are stable, stand against high corrosion, and can be stored in laboratory air atmosphere at room temperature for extended periods of time with no apparent further loss in structural or magnetic properties.


4659 Background: PLCO is a large-scale, randomized study to determine whether certain screening tests will reduce the number of deaths from these cancers. Methods: PLCO compared screening procedure...


Global quantum discord (GQD) in two‐dimensional (2D) transverse‐field Ising models on N × N square lattices at zero temperature and finite temperatures are studied. First, the GQD G(ρ2×2) defined on the reduced density matrix ρ2×2 of a 2 × 2 sub‐square in the center of the N × N lattices, with N=4, 5, 6, 7, ∞ is studied. It is found that G(ρ2×2) shows little size dependence in the strong‐field and weak‐field limit, and presents dramatic size dependence in the middle‐field region. The results are explained by short‐range correlations in non‐critical regions and long‐range correlations in critical regions of the models, respectively. Then the scaling behavior of the GQD G(|ψg〉) of the ground states for the entire N × N squares is studied. It is found that G(|ψg〉) contains a 1D contribution (corresponding to the side length of the squares) and a 2D contribution (corresponding to the area of the squares). Furthermore, the effect of thermodynamic fluctuations on GQD by investigating the thermal‐state GQD G(e−HkBT) is considered. In high‐temperature regions, GQD is always destroyed by thermodynamic fluctuations for any strength of the magnetic field. However, in low‐temperature regions, some thermal enhancement of GQD under weak fields and some thermal robustness of GQD under strong fields is observed. The results are explained by the low‐lying energy states and the energy gap of the models.


Inclusive education implies a bilateral commitment between people with and without disability. The activities in preschool education, such as the exploration of children's stories, nursery rhymes and songs, are special moments of knowledge sharing, linguistic development, social interaction and emotional improvement. Truly sharing these moments means sharing channels of communication between the interlocutors to provide an effective exchange of information between sender and receiver. Following this principle, during a school year, a set of activities was adapted in accordance with the needs of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), so that they could be performed in a class context targeted at children both with and without developmental disorders. This adaptation, based on linguistic simplification/structuring and the provision of multimodal information, fulfilled one of the fundamental principles of the Salamanca Statement, namely that students with and without problems should learn together. This resulted in a more active and effective involvement of the 4 children with ASD in the dynamics of the class, as well as better ability by their colleagues to deal with other realities, fostering early social and civic concerns and competences.


Purpose – This paper seeks to cast light on the issues impacting South African food research. During the first decade of democracy the South African research and development sector has experienced many changes and although the aim of these changes was to bring about efficiency, the research and development (R&D) fraternity is still faced with various challenges in its endeavours to meet the demands from commerce and industry. As a result of continuously changing market demands the food and drink industry has become one of the main sectors that are dependant on novel technologies developed by the R&D sector.Design/methodology/approach – An overview of the broader South African research landscape is given followed by a closer look at the nature and extent of local food‐related research.Findings – In order to meet the demand of industry a new mindset is required amongst research institutions towards providing an array of scientific services that extend intra‐ and inter‐disciplinary boundaries and where long‐...


Information on biomass distribution is needed to estimate GHG emissions and removals from land use changes in Canada's north for UNFCCC reporting. This paper reports aboveground biomass measurements along the Dempster Highway transect in 2004, and around Yellowknife and the Lupin Gold Mine in 2005. The measured aboveground biomass ranges are 10–100 t ha−1 for woodlands, 1–100 t ha−1 for shrub sites, and 0.5–10 t ha−1 for grass/herbs sites. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of measurements is 21%, and the median absolute percentage error (MedAPE) is 14%. The combination of JERS backscatter and Landsat TM4/TM5 gives the best biomass equation for the Dempster Highway transect, with r 2 = 0.72 when using a one‐step approach (i.e. using all points) and 0.78 when using a two‐step approach (i.e. stratifying data into three classes: grass, shrub, and woodlands). The two‐step approach reduces the MedAPE from 53% to 33%. The validation against Yellowknife & Lupin data indicates that the equations have good transferability. The improvement of two‐step approach over the one‐step approach, however, is not significant for the validation dataset, suggesting that the one‐step approach is as good as the two‐step approach when applied over areas outside where the equations are developed. The relationships and error analysis of this study, as well as the final estimate of GHG emission/removal over Canada's north have been incorporated into Canada's 2006 UNFCCC report.


The invention discloses a high-performance reinforced mortar suitable for thick-layer spraying and a preparation method thereof. The high-performance reinforced mortar is mainly prepared from ordinary portland cement, silica fume, coal ash, an expanding agent, a water reducing agent, cellulose ether, anti-crack fibers, and graded sand in a certain mass percent, wherein the mass percent of each composition is as follows: the cement 24%-32%, the silica fume 4%-8%, the coal ash 4%-8%, the expanding agent 2.0%-3.5%, the water reducing agent 0.1%-0.15%, the cellulose ether 0.05%-0.2%, the anti-crack fibers 0.05%-0.1%, and the graded sand 56%-66%. The high-performance reinforced mortar of the invention has strength of M60-M80, and can be used to meet reinforcing requirements of high strength concrete of strength grade C60. The high-performance reinforced mortar has good pumping performance, and is suitable for mechanized spraying construction. Moreover, the high-performance reinforced mortar has excellent substituted performance and a single spraying construction thickness of 40mm, and can be used to meet construction requirements of large-size members and thick-layer reinforcement.


Study on the regeneration of neural functions and neural microelectrodes in the regeneration system are reviewed. The classification and development of electrodes are introduced. The coupling principle between electrodes and neurons is described. Biocompatibility of electrodes is stated as well.


This module introduces students to the additive manufacturing (AM) methods used in fabricating magnetic materials. The module briefly introduces magnetic properties, types of magnetic materials, AM technologies used to produce these magnets, and application areas. Students will gain understanding of the working principle of different AM manufacturing methods and be able to:


The main objective of this project was to determine assimilation of CO2 and efficiency of water use in wheat grown to maturity in a low pressure total gas pressure environment. A functional test of the low pressure plant growth chamber system was accomplished in February and March of 1993 wherein this objective was partially achieved. Plants were grown to maturity in the chambers. Data were actively collected during the first 29 days. The plants were allowed to maintain themselves at the CO2 compensation point until day 45 of the study at which point active atmospheric regulation was resumed. This provided data at the vegetative and reproductive stages of the life cycle of the plants. However, this information may not be representative of the performance of the plants due to the loss of low pressure on a number of days during the study, which affected the plants by changing the pressure potential of the tissues. The performance of the system will be discussed on a component by component basis. The maintenance of the plants at the CO2 compensation point was driven by the failure of the computer program operating the system. The software problems that arose during the functional test have since been corrected. Results from the functional test also indicated that the plants were not receiving adequate light and nutrients. The growth chambers have been relocated and the growth room modified to compensate for these deficiencies.


An algorithm for three-layer channel routing with via minimization is presented. It aims at minimizing both the number of vias and the number of tracks. The algorithm has been coded in Pascal and implemented on an XT/286 computer. Experimental results show that, compared with HVH routing, the numbers of vias are decreased by about 40-50% and, for some examples, the numbers of tracks are also less than those of known results. Besides, the routability is 100% regardless of whether there exists a cycle vertical constraint or not.<<ETX>>


A remarkable number of this country's successful black women are products of Inanda Seminary. As the school celebrates its 125th birthday, Khosi Mpanza reminisces


The virus SARS-COV-2 caused disease COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by WHO. Currently, over 210 countries and territories have been affected. Careful, well-designed drugs and vaccine for the total elimination of this virus seem to be the need of the hour. In this context, the invivo mathematical modelling studies can be extremely helpful in understanding the efficacy of the drug interventions. These studies can also help understand the role of the crucial inflammatory mediators and the behaviour of immune response towards this novel coronavirus. Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we study the invivo dynamics of Covid-19. The results obtained here are inline with some of the clinical findings for Covid-19. This invivo modelling study involving the crucial biomarkers of Covid-19 is the first of its kind and the results obtained from this can be helpful to researchers, epidemiologists, clinicians and doctors who are working in this field.


As the world's reserves of oil and natural gas dwindle and the sources of supply become less dependable, industry must find alternative sources of energy for its survival. One solution is electricity, in particular impedance heating, which provides a simple, efficient, reliable, and accurately controllable method of heating fluids in a pipe. The principles of impedance heating are discussed as are its advantages. The complicated engineering of installing an impedance heating system into a plant is explained.


Despite extensive turnover research, there is little information on whether people's perceived job quality actually improves as a function of turnover. Using data from people who stayed with the job, who changed jobs, or who changed employers, this study examined the relative validity of three theoretical frameworks regarding the impact of turnover on perceived job quality. The results, although not overwhelming, provided tentative support for dispositional arguments; people tended to retain similar attitudes regardless of actual job quality.


A new full-thickness gunnable foam/fiber insulation system provides a fast, effective alternative to traditional modules and blankets for furnace-lining maintenance.


Urban culture has undergone significant changes since women appeared on the streets of the city. European female writers are participants of this process, and they express their reflections on how women's place and behavior change in an urban environment. In Ukrainian and Spanish texts the mentioned changes were pictured by Lesiya Ukrainka and Carmen de Burgos, who experienced the pressure of patriarchal society in their lives and took action with the aim to empathize on the necessity of changes in the modern outlook.This paper provides a comparative analysis of Lesiya Ukrainka's "Pity" ("Zhal") and Carmen de Burgos's "Pursuer" ("El Perseguidor") aiming to construct a particular notion of female flânerie. Both characters, Sophia and Mathilda, are approaching the image of flâneuse, trying to broaden their possibilities to adjust themselves to the modern world. The comparison shows that such practices as contemplation of social life (in "Pity") and travelling (in "Pursuer") can be evaluated as practices of female flanerie. By using them, both heroines try to avoid shared experience of pressure caused by patriarchal society. The ways of expression of the patriarchal pressure chosen by writers have the same function. Sophia's constant sentiment of pity and Mathilda's fear of pursuer are existential and limiting.The results of the study lead us to a conclusion that female flanerie has significant differences from male practices, and it depends on the strategies that women used to avoid the patriarchal pressure. This statement draws the perspective for further profound comparative studies of Ukrainian and Spanish literature.


The performance of closed-loop power control in code division multiple access systems considering several non-ideal conditions such as multiple power control, group delays, channel estimation error, and power control command bit error probability is investigated.


This article proposed a new 3D graphic representation with non-degeneration on the basis of studying gene sequences representation model. This representation can avoid the overlap or cross without losing biological information. This method was used to abstract character of H5N1 virus gene and propose a clustering analysis based on multi-dimension Pseudo F-Statistics (PFS) parameter. In the procedure of clustering, the numerical characterization matrix was used as analytic data source. The result shows that it is rational to make clustering analysis on the gene character abstract from the new graphic representation.


Due to its high bandwidth efficient and high anti-noise performance, PSK(Phase Shift Keying) modulation technology has a very wide application in telemetry systems with a very high rate bits. To solve the Doppler frequency offset effect of a telemetry system with PSK modulation in a high speed movement, the estimation and correction of Doppler frequency offset in telemetry systems is proposed in this paper. The effect of Doppler frequency offset to PSK modulation mode is introduced firstly. The common PSK modes, QPSK and 8PSK, are studied in detail secondly. At last, simulation results of a receiver in a telemetry system with a high speed moving state indicate the algorithm proposed is feasible.


One of the problems facing the developing countries is heavy dependency (technological, financial, markets, entrepreneurial, etc.) on the industrialized world arising in part from a limited internal market, little, if any, sizeable industrialization, low bargaining power, etc. One of the options out of this predicament has been regional economic integration.


with the remaining three in German (with no English summary). English-speaking scholars will find this exposure to European research stimulating and refreshing. It will broaden the horizons of those who concentrate on the British Isles, reminding them of the pan-European dimension of the Reformation and its origins in what was then the Holy Roman Empire. Unfortunately, the quality of the English tends to suffer from the fact that most of the contributors are writing in a foreign language, and the editors would have done well to employ a native English-speaker as a copy editor, who could have smoothed out the style here and there and made the texts easier to read. The effort is certainly worthwhile and this volume will be an important addition to library collections everywhere.


Substitutions at the Mn site by cations M with oxidation states higher than 4+, such as Mo6+ and Ru5+, are shown to stabilize SrMn1−xMxO3 cubic perovskite manganites. This effect is explained by the induced Mn valency shift, which corresponds to electron doping by Mn3+ in the Mn4+ matrix. Interestingly, these electron-doped manganites, characterized by large A-site cationic size, exhibit coupled structural, magnetic, and transport transitions close to or beyond 300 K for M=Ru5+ and M=Mo6+, respectively. These transitions are characteristic of the dz2 orbital ordering generally associated with C-type antiferromagnetism. This result contrasts with the inhomogeneous ferromagnetic metallic state induced by Ru in CaMnO3. The possibility to induce orbital/charge ordering in CaMn1−xMoxO3 or orbital ordering in SrMn1−xMxO3 (M=Ru, Mo) with M contents superior to 10% makes it more difficult to explain based on long-range cooperative Jahn–Teller phenomena in mixed-valency manganites.


This chapter deals with a widespread modern notion of self-conception and its problems concerning the consciousness of political reality. The political dimension of early modern esotericism was its 'utopian potential', that realizes itself by self-salvation of the individual on his way to the divine, or - in a secularized manner - as a quest for a concrete new political society. The meaning of existence in the esoteric context can be deduced from the dynamic relation between involution and evolution. Assuming the psycho-esoteric statements in the sphere of being, the sphere of knowledge and the teleological sphere, we can finally summarize, that the characteristics of the psycho-esoterical consciousness or mentality can be evaluated. The mode of identical self-consciousness correlates on the second level of 'horizontal transcendence' to a consciousness of sociality that negates difference and plurality. Keywords: modern esotericism; political reality; psycho-esoteric constructions; salvation; transcendence


This paper argues that the "kindergarten approach to learning" -- characterized by a spiraling cycle of Imagine, Create, Play, Share, Reflect, and back to Imagine -- is ideally suited to the needs of the 21st century, helping learners develop the creative-thinking skills that are critical to success and satisfaction in today's society. The paper discusses strategies for designing new technologies that encourage and support kindergarten-style learning, building on the success of traditional kindergarten materials and activities, but extending to learners of all ages, helping them continue to develop as creative thinkers.


This paper aims to develop of a robust analytical approach for computation of the principal design parameters for a special-purpose involute hob for machining of cluster gear The specific combination of design parameters for a precision hob with particular value of the hob-setting angle is given. This combination, of parameters includes (a) the hob outside diameter, (b) the base diameter of the hob, and (c) the required value of the hob-setting angle. The specific combination of these design parameters for the involute hob determined here allows machining of cluster gear with the shortest possible neck width. Numerous computer codes for computation of the design parameters of an involute hob are developed using the commercial software MathCAD-Scientiftc. Application of the special-purpose hob would allow reduction of size and weight of both the cluster gear itself and the whole gear transmission including housing. The reported results of the research are ready for application in industry.


Household appliance products retail prices in China have been declining.Some schlors think that the reason is huge and dominant retailers′ discounts,and explain it with countervailing power theory.But in our opinion,the dominant retailers can achieve the maximized profit in better ways,for example,using a smart price agreement.The authors use a four-stage game model to analyze the channel system and find out a more credible reason of the price going down.The result of the model shows that the huge retailers have not passed any cost saving to consumers,but in fact,the existing of many fringe retailers in the channel system makes the price go down.


Abstract:The article considers Edgar Allan Poe's "Hop Frog" and American Horror Story: Freak Show in order to determine how and if any change in the portrayal of dwarfism occurs in the time between the publication of the two texts. First, the article touches on the rise and fall of the freak show, followed by a brief history of dwarfism. Next, a short discussion of several key concepts is undertaken before beginning a close examination of the characters identified as dwarfs in both works. Last, the article analyzes the similarities and differences between the two texts and considers what is at stake in the larger picture of the lived experiences of dwarfs through the concept of "cripping up."


This paper proposes a method for predicting the temperature in a metal can based upon the apparent viscosity of a liquid food, which was estimated from the initial temperature in the can under the condition where natural convection is taking place. In the absence of natural convection, we estimate its thermal diffusivity in a similar manner, and predict the temperature based on the estimation. We first evaluated the proposed method using water and glycerin. The viscosities estimated by this method agreed closely with the literature values. Subsequent experiments and analyses performed using four types of juice having different viscosities indicate the feasibility of predicting the temperature in the can. In addition, when we conducted experiments and observations regarding the flow of liquid using ink used as a tracer, the results agreed with the predictions whether natural convection was present or not.


This paper compares feeder pig operations that operate on a year-round basis with a common strategy for stock market investors, dollar cost averaging.


Peer tutoring is a form of peer learning proven to
be an effective educational intervention in terms of
improving students' performance, social and
academic attitudes, behaviour and language. Social
Interdependence Theory provides a broad
framework for understanding peer learning
effectiveness. Although the framework has been
widely applied in groups of three or more students, it
is unclear to what extent the framework has been
applied in a peer tutoring context. Consequently, it is
not known whether peer tutoring interventions are
making use of social interdependence elements
shown to yield high effect sizes. The research
objectives for this paper are therefore to: I) explore
the extent to which peer tutoring interventions have
taken a social interdependence perspective while
implemented, II) identify the academic subjects with
most social interdependence theoretical elements
and III) explore the most/least frequent social
interdependence elements applied to peer tutoring.
Eleven established social interdependence
ideas/elements were identified and used to scan 127
articles with 252 peer tutoring interventions. The
aim is for the findings to contribute to the
improvement of peer tutoring interventions for
teachers and academics by identifying opportunities
for more work.


Recent research in controller architecture has had some focus on reconfigurability and associated concepts such as modularity and openness. These paradigms advocate non-proprietary components such as commercial off-the-shelves (COTS) with standard interconnection interfaces. The tradeoffs of such a controller architecture are performance challenges such as network-induced delays and synchronization problems, especially where non-real time entities such as Ethernet are involved. In our quest to address some of these challenges we have developed a modular control architecture for machine and robotic control as a test platform. The advantage of this architecture is cost-effectiveness and openness, achieved through the use of COTS components. Each machine axis is controlled by a real-time Java micro-controller and all the controllers communicate through a switched-Ethernet communication network. The architecture is designed to support reconfiguration of both hardware and software resources by the use of modularity and service-discovery protocols in the software and hardware design. Therefore devices such as axes and sensors may be reorganized, removed or added easily. Our research presents performance results and applications typical of industrial or real life for our control architecture. The performance criteria analyzed include network delays, synchronization resolutions and error analyses.Copyright © 2005 by ASME and National Research Council of Canada


The San Mao′s wandering and wandering spirit of the roaming as a way of life and spirit of the concept,determine its creative essence of the romantic and exotic adventures′ basic narrative patterns;The writing of desert civilization is the most outstanding charm of all her writings,and thus prop up the spirit of her utopia,in order to express the author′s anxiety of modern urban civilization diseases as well as cultural thought of Paradoxical development between material and spiritual,civilization and moral.The multi-cultural space of San Mao′s creation not only enhances the depth of cultural content and ideas,but also vividly represent the national culture identity of the author to Western culture as a reference.