У статті розглянуто та проаналізовано структурні і лінгвістичні особливості середньовічної п'єси мораліте
«Everyman»крізь призму цінностей епохи Середніх віків. У центрі п'єси – християнська доктрина про грішність та
спасіння людини. П'єсі притаманна структура зростання-спадання, що стосується самої дії п'єси, семантичного
наповнення прологу і епілогу, рими та римування. П'єсі властиві також мовна економія та урочиста і позбавлена
емоційності мова.
(The article deals with analysis of structural and linguistic peculiarities of medieval morality play «Everyman» through values, beliefs, mentality and socio-cultural attitudes of such epoch as the Middle Ages. The play focuses on Christian doctrine of human sinfulness and salvation which became the central notions of this era. The typical feature of this drama is two-part structure – descent-ascent pattern which is obvious in dramatic action, semantic content of prologue and epilogue, rhyme scheme. Through the two-part structure the pattern deepens the importance of the doctrine and evokes the inevitable emotional tension. Solemn, serious and non-emotional but at the same time economic language is inherent of the drama «Everyman».
Every idea or thought is expressed in as little words as possible and repeated only once in the flow of the speech.
The most prevalent use of structure can be found in the rapidly successive rhyming verses shared between characters involved in dialogue. The distribution of rhymes throughout dialogue provides insight to the pace and flow of the scene. The use of punctuation is unusual. The heavy use of commas breaking up the first half of thoughts elevates tension and creates a sense of
building up and up until a reader comes to a certain point. The structure and the language of the play fulfil a didactic function to make a reader think and learn a lesson.)


The 21st century is the era of the culture. Nations of the world have been various attempts using a variety of cultural resources to develop cultural tourism products and to stimulate the economy by attracting tourists. It can be called 'The era of competition of cultural resources'. In this study, a plan for community revitalization using its own resources to find cultural environment factors, which apply to the actual area of villages to improve the factors and to confirm effectiveness of the improved factors. In addition, using a local identity in regard to tourism development, the natural scenery is considered to be priority for community identity. The cultural resources take advantage of experience program, and to make local identity, place marketing and storytelling should be used for raising the need to access.


In this paper, we present a noble optical coupling technique for low-cost subscriber's module in terms of coupling efficiency and its stability issues. For efficient passive integration of a single mode fibre (SMF) and optical devices, silicon submounts were designed to minimize the alignment degree of freedom.


Dental implants are used to replace both the form and the function of missing teeth. To be a candidate for the dental implant procedure, a patient must have sufficient bone in the maxillary to support these implants. The presence of inadequate bone quality and quantity often complicates implant placement in posterior maxilla. Among the surgical therapeutic solutions, Indirect sinus floor elevation technique along with augmentation by bone-graft material in the maxillary sinus to increase the height and width of the available bone is well-accepted and a predictable technique to treat the loss of vertical bone height in the posterior maxilla. One such case of bilateral maxillary sinus elevation along with simultaneous implant placement has been


Summary The evidence of inventories and port-books shows that chafing-dishes were widely used and traded between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries, the types ranging from vessels of precious metals to everyday objects of pottery, which presumably imitated the metallic forms. This paper, which is not claimed to be exhaustive, defines seven types of 'latten' vessels current during the period, attempting to date them and assign them to areas of manufacture. The attempt to date them met with limited success in only four of the types, the others being interpolated into the resulting scheme on typological grounds. Four of the types were thought to be of continental manufacture, but it was suggested that two might be English.


Noisy and uncertain estimation of the state of the world, coupled with feedback delays, are the two major challenges faced by any artificial or biological system. These challenges also apply to the processes of language generation and comprehension and there are well-understood solutions to these challenges in models of the perception and production of speech sounds. Specifically, Bayesian inference can solve the problem of recovering phonological representations when the auditory signal is noisy or degraded, while coupled forward and inverse internal models can overcome delays inherent in executing speech motor commands and monitoring one's own speech via the auditory system. But while Bayesian inference has also been applied to comprehension at higher linguistic levels (i.e., lexicon, syntax, and semantics), the need for coupled forward-inverse model pairs at these higher levels in production is debated. In fact, we argue, the control architectures embedded in current models of language generation tend to be much less sophisticated than those embedded in models of speech production. While these simple architectures have been considerably successful in explaining how speakers control language production in monologic contexts, we argue that more sophisticated architectures are likely to be needed to account for language use in dialogic contexts. Specifically, we identify three challenges for models of language generation that arise from the nature of dialogue: (1) The need to distinguish between self- and other-generated utterances; (2) The need to adjust the amount of advance planning (i.e., the degree to which planning precedes articulation) flexibly to achieve timely turn-taking; (3) The need to track changing conversational goals. For each of these challenges, we discuss the type(s) of control architecture(s) that could be implemented, drawing on analogy to mechanical or biological systems whenever possible. In sum, we propose that considering more sophisticated control architectures is necessary to build language generation models that deal with conversation, and can meet the challenge of real-time, flexible language generation in NLG systems.


We developed a new method of surgical reconstruction of the cervical esophagus after laryngopharyngoesophagectomy with free ileocecal grafting. In this technique we reconstructed the esophagus using the colic segment, while a phonatory shunt is fashioned from the terminal ileum. The ileocecal valve functions not only as an anti-reflux valve against aspiration but also as a pseudo-glottis. We evaluated functions of the ileocecal valve both experimentally and clinically as a source of vocalization. Experimental studies showed that the average frequency of phonation with the ileocecal valve ranges 122-197 Hz in dog series and 89-104 Hz in monkey series, and that the driving pressure during phonation varied 18-52 mmHg in the former series and 10-14 mmHg in the latter. These driving pressures did not exceed those of healthy people during easy phonation. Out of the 6 patients undergoing this operation, three are alive at the time of this writing. All of them aquired fair to good shunt voice without marked aspiration. We conclude that our procedure can be used as a new surgical method of voice restoration after laryngopharyngoesophagectomy.


The nonlinear equation is derived for Rundle mode earthquake and is transformed into the standard Weierstrass equation.On the basis of the bifurcation theory of Weierstrass function we have found,which has been admitted internationally,three phases of the earthquake and the criteria for differentiating them are analysed.And the criteria for the strong earthquake explosion and the occurrence of weak ones are presented respectively.Expressions for the repetition period of weak earthquakes of Rundle mode are given in detail too.This paper is valuable to the earthquake prediction.


Berlinite (AlPO{sub 4}) is isostructural with {alpha}-quartz. Like {alpha}-quartz, berlinite undergoes a pressure-induced amorphization at 15 {+-}3 Pa; however, upon release of the pressure, unlike {alpha}-quartz which remains amorphous, berlinite returns to the original crystalline structure of the single crystal. Berlinite was irradiated with 1.5 MeV Kr{sup +} at temperatures ranging from 20 to 600 K. The onset of amorphization was examined by monitoring the electron diffraction pattern by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at the HVEM (High Voltage Electron Microscopy)-Tandem Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The berlinite was easily amorphized at 20K at a relatively low dose of 4 {times} 10{sup 13} ions/cm{sup 2} or 0.05 dpa (displacements per atom). The critical amorphization dose increases with the sample temperature. The experiments also showed that the focused electron beam can locally amorphize the berlinite. After these irradiations, berlinite remained amorphous. At 500 C, berlinite began to recrystallize; small areas of crystalline material appear in the aperiodic matrix. These results suggest that pressure-induced amorphization and ion-beam induced amorphization, in the case of berlinite, are different processes that result in two different aperiodic structural states.


Four new species of the family Thanerocleridae are described from Australia (Queensland, New South Wales): Isoclerus (Isoclerus) rumcajs, I. (I.) manka, I. (I.) cipisek and I. (I.) gerstmeieri. These species are the first records of the family's autochthonous members from the Australian continent. The subgenus Isoclerus (Lyctosoma) Lewis is synonymised with Isoclerus (Isoclerus) Lewis. Hypotheses concerning the biogeography of subtribe Isoclerina Kolibayc in which the newly described species belong, are proposed. The ancestral area of Isoclerina may be in Africa or somewhere in the region of Europe, Greenland and the eastern part of North America – in either case, in the Lower to Middle Cretaceous era. Also, pan-biogeographic hypotheses are formulated for the distribution patterns of species of the subgenus Isoclerus.


Within the automotive industry one of the most used materials for user comfort is animal skin, this material is used to coat pieces that will have contact with the consumer. One of the most important problems that arise with the handling of the skin in operations of coating and assembly within plants of the automotive sector is the lack of resistance. A treatment that must be applied to the skin to improve its conditions of resistance to mechanical tension, is in function of two factors: percentage of moisture in the skin and amount of surfactant applied. In the present investigation, optimal operating conditions are established for the handling of the skin used in processes of the automotive sector based on a 3k factorial experimental design. The application case was carried out in a company dedicated to manufacture armrests for high-end cars. The results of the investigation show an improvement of 97% in operations where the resistance of the skin is required to meet the quality standards established in the automotive industry.


The international community has a declared intention to protect innocent civilians from direct and deliberate violence in civil conflicts, but its track record of actually doing so is mixed. Using a new monthly time-series data set, we explore the factors associated with variations in the number of civilians killed or wounded by participants in the civil war in Peru during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that an increase in the level of abuse by one side is strongly associated with subsequent increases in the level of abuse by the other. Certain types of foreign intervention had a large and statistically significant impact on the level of abuse; some types of intervention raised the level of violence, but others reduced it.


This paper describes a heterogeneous multi-core processor (HMCP) architecture which integrates general purpose processors (CPU) and accelerators (ACC) to achieve high-performance as well as low-power consumption for SoCs of embedded systems. Memory architecture of CPUs and ACCs were unified to improve programming and compiling efficiency. For preliminary evaluation of the HMCP architecture, AAC-LC stereo audio encoding is parallelized on a heterogeneous multi-core having homogeneous processor cores and dynamic reconfigurable processor (DRP) accelerator cores. The performance evaluation shows that 54x AAC encoding is achieved on the chip with two CPUs at 600 MHz and two DRPs at 300 MHz, which realizes encoding of a whole CD in 1-2 minutes.


The concept of middle-range theory, arising over three decades ago in sociology, is reviewed. The concept was proposed as an approach to theorizing, urging consolidation of high-order theories with low-order empirical studies. The critical elements in such hierarchies are theories of a middle-range of abstraction. However, most current conceptions of "middle-range theory" in archaeology are far more narrowly conceived. Derived primarily from Binford's work, they continue the New Archaeology's attempt to develop a materialist epistemology for archaeology. In this view, principles of site formation processes are nearly synonymous with "middle-range theory." The dangers to theory-building of this approach are outlined. Examples of middle-range theory that expand our capacity for explanation of cultural behavior are presented.


: In this study, Bi-doped ZnO and undoped ZnO nanomaterials have been synthesized by the solvothermal reaction method. The effect of Bi doping on the structural and electrochemical properties has been investigated by X-ray diffractions (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As seen from X-ray diffraction spectra performed on the bulk material, it has been clearly observed that both Bi doping changed the preferred orientation of the nanopowder as (101) and Bi +3 ions were expectedly entered the lattice. Furthermore, this result has been supported by photoelectron spectra. Scanning electron microscopy images have shown the shapes and distributions of nanostructures of the samples. As a result, it is thought that Bi doping is suitable for obtaining p-type conductivity in ZnO materials for the experimental processes we applied to samples in the study.


Abstract. A multi‐factor model includes economic, apprehension, seasonal a n d plant closing variables as the explanatory regressors and crimes against property as the dependent variable. Different lag structures were used on the explanatory variables such as an Almon distributed lag of a second degree polynominal nature and the lagging of the dependent variable by one quarter so that the model would more closely approximate the environment being considered. The results suggest a definite seasonal pattern in crimes against property, and the economic variables measuring local, not national, conditions, appear to be more significant regressors than any other explanatory variables.


Testosterone is known to be capable of rescuing of male copulatory behavior in gonadectomized males, but fails to cause this behavior in gonadectomized females. This thesis seeks to analyze the activational effects of testosterone on its receptor, the androgen receptor, in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of male and female Syrian hamsters. Both the total expression and subcellular localization levels were analyzed to measure for differences in the amount and activity of the AR respectively. While the results have yet to be verified through sufficient replication for statistical analysis, results thus far indicate that there is a sex difference in expression and localization of AR. Introduction: Hormones are powerful influencers of behavior (Petrulis et. al). In mammals, sex hormones enact their effects by both influencing development of the organism and acting on sensitized tissues during and after puberty (De Lorme et. al). In order to exert these effects, these hormones bind to receptors, which enact signalling cascades that lead to changes in gene transcription (Cunningham et. al). Despite the fact that males and females share the same hormones and receptors, albeit in varying ratios, downstream effects of hormone replacement persist (Pfaff et. al). In the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), as well as many other rodent species, testosterone (T) replacement therapy after gonadectomy (GNX) completely restores male-typical sex behavior in males, but fails to incite it in females (Noble et. al, Tiefer & Johnson). This phenomenon demonstrates a sex difference in the activational effect of testosterone, but the exact mechanism through which this occurs is unknown. Rodents have a sexually dimorphic region of the hypothalamus known as the medial preoptic area (MPOA) that is important in mediating male-typical copulatory behavior in males (Hull & Dominguez). T primarily exerts its effects through signalling in response to binding with its receptor, the androgen receptor (AR) either directly or via its reduced metabolite, DHT. Consequently, AR signalling events in the MPOA in response to T are a potentially important mechanism through which the behavior is promoted. As noted in a review by Pfaff et. al, several studies have demonstrated that the androgen receptor expression is upregulated in the brain response to T replacement. Unsurprisingly, AR expression in the brain is sexually dimorphic; females express less than males (Wood and Newman).  This result is consistent with the hypothesis that androgens upregulate their receptor since males have more circulating androgens, consequently promoting higher expression. It is therefore possible that females simply do not express enough receptor to demonstrate the T-mediated response that leads to sex behavior. However, androgen receptor expression is upregulated in GNX females given T replacement, and its expression is equivalent to that of males given the same dose of T (Pfaff). Importantly, this study was done on the entire brain, not a specific sexually dimorphic nucleus. It is possible that T does not upregulate AR expression in the MPOA enough in females to meet this hypothetical threshold that must be crossed to incite male typical sex behavior. One of the primary mechanisms through which androgens exert their effects is via signalling that occurs once the steroid has bound to its receptor, the androgen receptor (AR). As the MPOA is densely populated with ARs, that bind testosterone, one possibility may be a difference in the number of receptors. Female hamsters have fewer immunolabeled receptors in the MPOA than males (Wood and Newman 1999), supporting our theory. However, this result does not address the role of testosterone. Testosterone up regulates its receptor and females have less testosterone than males. The study did explore the role of the non aromatizable androgen DHT. DHT was shown to increase androgen labelling of neurons in both males and females but the effect was not quantified. Another study examined the effect of short and long days on T-mediated upregulation of AR in the hypothalamic preoptic area (HPOA) of males of Siberian hamsters, Phodopus sungorus, (Bittman et. al in 2003). Given that all of the downstream signalling of T occurs through signalling of the AR, it is a logical molecular brake on this system. While it is certainly possible that feminization of the brain renders the neural circuitry impossible of enabling male copulatory behavior, regardless of cellular signalling, there is evidence that synaptophysin, a cellular marker of presynaptic plasticity, has sex differential expression irrespective of testosterone levels (Smith Dissertation), and indicator that AR expression and/or localization may also be sexually dimorphic irrespective of circulating T. The goal of this thesis was to analyze the expression profile and subcellular localization of AR in order to investigate it as a possible mechanism through which downstream male copulatory behavior is inhibited in females compared to males Methods: Adult male and female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), averaging around 60 days old, bred from our breeding colony were used in this experiment. The hamsters were maintained on 14:10 light-dark cycle. All animals were housed in a large cage (45 cm x 24 cm x 20 cm) containing only the animals and sawdust bedding (3 m3), with ad libitum access to food and water located on the wire cage top. All animals that were gonadectomized were done so at three months of age. All animals were given Metacam orally and then anesthetized with a 3% induction/2% maintenance of isoflurane with 100% O2. All animals were shaved and disinfected at the incision site with 70% ethanol, iodine, and again with 70% ethanol. For castration, an incision was made in the scrotum of adult males. The testis were freed from their musculature and excised through the incision. The major artery was ligated and the testis, fat pads, epididymis and musculature were removed. The wound was then sutured. For ovariectomy, two incisions were made medial to the flank marks, the ovaries and fat pads will be exposed, the uterine horns were ligated and the ovaries and fat pads were removed; then the wounds will be tied shut with suture thread. Nine weeks after gonadectomy surgery, all gonadectomized males received three weeks of treatment with either subcutaneous injections of mineral oil (0.1mL mineral oil; GNX+MO, OVX+MO) or testosterone (500ug/0.1mL dissolved in mineral oil; GNX+T, OVX+T). Injections were given every 48 hours for a period of three weeks. This is the amount of time supported by the literature that it takes T to fully recover male copulatory behavior (Pfaff). All groups of animals were age matched and euthanized on the same day (within two hours of the dark cycle) via overdose of somnasol. The brains were extracted, blocked for MPOA and Cortex (control) tissues, and stored at -80 until homogenization. A subcellular fractionation was done to divide the homogenized lysate into a nuclear and a cytosolic fragment using Nuclear Extraction Kit (ab113474). All samples were sampled for total protein using an RCDC protein assay. Two western blots were run for each sample, one for the cytosolic fragment and one on the nuclear fragment. Since the androgen receptor is translocated to the nucleus after activation, Lamin-B (DSHB ADL84.12) was used as a loading control for nuclear fragments since it is present in significant quantity in the nuclear membrane. Beta Tubulin (DSHB E7) will be used as a loading control for cytosolic fragments since it is present in significant quantity in the cytosol. The secondary used for the loading controls was Jackson ImmunoResearch Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (Lot#116475) Loading controls are required for quantitative comparison since they allow for normalization of how much total protein was loaded into each well. The androgen receptor primary antibody that was used was RbαAR SP107 MAb (Lot# 170622LVG) with secondary antibody Jackson ImmunoResearch Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L, Lot# 115952) The resulting blots from these experiments will be quantified using image lab software (BIORAD). One way ANOVA will be used to compare AR expression between all six groups, and a posthoc Tuckey's HSD with a bonferroni adjustment. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial eta squared. Figure 1: Group 1 Western Blots tagged with RbαAR SP107 MAb (Lot# 170622LVG) with secondary antibody Jackson ImmunoResearch Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L, Lot# 115952). From left to right, the individuals of this group are male, GNX male + MO (vehicle), GNX Male + T, female, GNX female + MO, GNX female + T. The nuclear blot is on the left and the cytosolic blot is on the right. Background on the nuclear fragment is high and may slightly confound the results. Figure 2: Western Blots for Group 2, in the same order as displayed in figure 1, again with the nuclear fragment on the left and cytosolic on the right. Figure 3: Graphical representation of the normalized optical density of AR expression from the group 2 Western Blots. Figure 4: Western Blot for the nuclear fragment of Group 3. This blot is a failed trial due to the low amount of labelling and high intensity of background. Conclusion: Although all five groups have been run via Western Blot, only two were completely finished with adequate cytoplasmic and nuclear AR staining without confounding background. While this result is frustrating, in more time the differences will be able to confirmed after more rigorous statistical analysis. Out of Group 1 and Group 2, Group 2 has labelling at the correct molecular weight with minimal background, making it the most indicative of what I believe the answer to the question to be. Overall, the correlating groups are roughly equivalent. The intact males and females show a difference in expression, but their proportional amou


Palladium-promoted homocoupling reaction of vinyl- and polyenylsilanes in aqueous conditions has been investigated. The reaction is catalyzed by PdCl 2 in the presence of the re-oxidizing system CuCl 2 /LiCl and occurs at room temperature in aqueous solutions containing nonionic amphiphiles. Symmetrically α,ω-disubstituted stereodefined all-trans polyenes have been obtained in mild conditions and in good yields (65-87%), higher than those previously reported for the same reactions carried out in methanol or HMPA. A comparison between two commercially available surfactants, Triton X-100 and PTS, has been performed.


An anthropomorphic phantom dose rate measurement has been done in C-Arm room at Central Surgical Installation with surveymeter. Measurements were made with 8 variations of the C-Arm fluoroscopy angle commonly used in the operating procedure, as well as the 1 meter point of measurement against the radiation source. The variations of these angles are 00, 450, 900, 1350, 1800, 2250, 2700, and 3150. The dose rate measurements at a distance of 1 m from the radiation source with angle variations are 380 μSv/h, 430 μSv/h, 680 μSv/h, 29 μSv/h, 220 μSv/h, 350 μSv/h, 1370 μSv/h and 1020 μSv/h. The measurement results showed that the highest dose rate at the C-arm angle of 2700 and the lowest dose at the C-Arm 1350 angle position. From the measurement results can be seen the effect of angular position used with the acceptable dose rate, the lowest to highest dose rate received based on the angular position in sequence are 1350, 1800, 2250, 00, 450, 900, 3150, 2700. Keywords— C-Arm, Laju dosis, Fluoroskopi, Phantom Antropomorfik, Titik pengukuran


I SHALL state only the fundamental principles which I believe to be basically sound because, assuming that the wages or salaries paid in each individual case are in keeping with the worker's worth to the business, the returns to him under this plan are in the exact proportion that he contributes to the success of the business. I state &dquo;returns &dquo; to the worker, which, of course, include wages and his share of the profits. In arriving at returns to labor and capital under my plan, the purpose has been to determine what in fact is the


The Si-OH-Al bridging hydroxyls in zeolites are active sites in many important reactions catalyzed by zeolites. Their amount and their acid strength have been extensively studied in many laboratories (for reviews see Refs. 1 and 2). We undertook studies of the heterogeneity of Si-OH-Al groups in zeolites, i.e., the presence of a few kinds of bridging hydroxyls of various acid strength in the same zeolite structure. We studied the heterogeneity of OH groups in NaHZSM-5 zeolites, NaHA zeolite, and NaH faujasites.


Particle damping (PD) is a passive mean of vibration control in which small metallic or ceramic particles are placed inside a cavity that attached to the primary structure at the place of high vibration amplitudes. The kinetic energy of the primary structure is dissipated by non-elastic impact and friction between particles and walls. This paper represents a series of experimental investigations of the effects of multi-unit particle dampers (MUPD) attached to a bracket structure under harmonic excitation and random excitation. As a platform to investigate the particle damping characteristics under extreme acceleration environments, the bracket structure was featured by an extremely high response on the top, and its maximum acceleration exceeds 50 times gravity acceleration when the bracket structure was subjected to resonance. This broad range of acceleration conditions was far beyond the scope concerned in most previous work. The experimental results show that for a small weight penalty (no more than 8.8%), multi-unit particle damper can reduce the resonance of the primary structure by more than 50%, whether under sinusoidal excitation or random excitation. And the response of the primary structure depends on the type of cavities and filled coefficient. Layering the cavity in the direction of the main vibration can improve the damping capacity of the multi-unit particle damper. And the damper with small particle size and large number of features is suitable for vibration reduction under high acceleration conditions.


In this task, some mechanical properties and diffusion kinetics of boronized layers on X65Cr14 martensitic stainless steel were investigated. The boronization treatments were carried out at 1123, 1173, 1223 and 1323 K with 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours using the packing process. The boronized layers were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-Vickers hardness tester. The boronized layers produced on X65Cr14 martensitic stainless steel exhibited smooth and regular morphology. The thickness of the boronized layer ranged from 9.1 to 98.3 μm with different treatment time and temperature. XRD analysis revealed the existence of FeB, Fe2B, and CrB compounds. The surface hardness increased from 410 to 1750-2050 HV0.05 after the boronization treatment. The activation energy of the layer was 206.53 kJ/mol.


Based on a comprehensive field study conducted at the Miinchehagen waste disposal site, the groundwater flow and solute transport characteristics of fissured argillites rocks are described. Particularly recent multi-tracer experiments and supplementary laboratory diffusion and batch sorption experiments are presented. The fissured rock behaves as an anisotropic homogeneous continuun with respect to permeability and storativity. Solute transport is strongly influenced by matrix diffusion and sorption. The preliminary results indicate that simple relationships between systems of parallel fractures and homogeneous aquifers can be used to roughly estimate solute transport characteristics of the fissured rocks.


We describe Open CALL-SLT, a framework that allows people who may only have modest computer skills to create interactive speech-enabled CALL courses on the web. User content is uploaded to a server and remotely compiled and deployed. Courses can be created at six levels of increasing sophistication, where the specification of the content ranges from simple prompt/response pairs at one end to multimedia-enabled gamified dialogues with multiple paths at the other. We briefly describe the overall framework and the different levels.


Comminuting processes cause stochastic loads with high amplitudes in the electromechanical drive train. In the long run, peak loads cause premature material fatigue of the drive components alongside high thermal loads in the asynchronous machine. Furthermore load peaks arise in the supply grid, which leads to higher overheads (demand charge). A new drive train with a novel non-linear speed control (SC-control) was developed based on the operating performance of commercial comminuting units (e.g. shredding plants), according to the specifications of higher throughput, damping the load peaks arising from the comminuting process and thus also, lowering the voltage fluctuations in the electrical grid. A non-linear SC-control was designed and tested. By this a rotational speed flexible operation of the shredding drive system was realised, so that the rotating masses' kinetic energy is used to smooth the load peak from the process. In this way it was possible to reduce the cumulative load in the drive train, instantaneously achieving high process performance.


An equivalent circuit approach to modeling of the electro-optic sampling structure is proposed for the first time. The influence of the optical probe to S parameters of the coplanar waveguide test structure is modeled by an equivalent circuit consisting of the analytic approximations and lumped circuit elements. The model coefficients are optimized by fitting the full-wave field simulation results. The model is dependent on the test structure geometry and material parameters.


This article focuses on the conflictual relationship between theoretical and practical influences and factors affecting the legislative activity of the Habsburg Monarchy. It is to give a wide overview of the situation, using the example of South-Slavic collective property ("Zadruga"). The goal of the paper is to encourage a debate about the dichotomy theory/practice in this period and to increase the interest for the subject of South-Slavic collective property in the Monarchy.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2peak) and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) in endurance-trained cyclists. Eight cyclists randomly (double blind) completed 3 2-week supplementation periods (HMB, 3gday−1; leucine [LEU], 3gday−1; placebo [CON], 3gday−1) followed by a 2-week washout period. Testing consisted of a graded cycle ergometry test to measure Vo2peak and OBLA, the Vo2 at 2 mM blood lactate. Vo2peak was unaffected by HMB (4.0 ± 1.4%), LEU (-1.9 ± 1.3%), and CON (-2.6 ± 2.6%). HMB resulted in a greater time to reach Vo2peak, whereas LEU and CON did not affect this time (HMB, 3.6 ± 1.5 min, LEU,-1.2 ± 1.5 min; CON,-3.6 ± 3.5 min). Lactate accumulation peak was unaffected by supplementation (HMB, 8.1 ± 1.1 mM; LEU, 6.2 ± 0.8 mM; CON, 7.5 ± 1.3 mM). OBLA increased with HMB (9.1 ± 2.4%) and LEU (2.1 ± 1.5%), but not in the CON trial (0.75 ± 2.1%). Blood glucose was significantly greater during the HMB trial compared with the LEU trial. It is concluded that HMB supplementation may have positive affects on performance by increasing the onset of blood lactate accumulation; however, he mechanism is unknown.


Or when the load in the state in which the draft is shallow, there is provided a non-election Cb is 0.75 degree or more with a reduction in the resistance increase of blue can be exerted effectively. In yet above the minimum water line is also lower than the maximum water line players, the hull hull around the disadvantages of the central line (E) in all the water plane, a horizontal distance measured from the hull front end (C = 0.02 × L FP is set from the ratio of the horizontal distance (F) and the total length (L


In this issue of the Portuguese Journal of Social Sciences we are publishing three articles exploring the relationships between Catholicism, society and politics in Portugal during the first half of the twentieth century, and more particularly in the inter-war period.


ABSTRACT There has been widespread recognition in the Global South of the role of participatory governance approaches to urban development in responding to citizens' immediate concerns. However, critiques note that participatory initiatives are often avenues for the political and economic elite to ensure their interests and profits, rather than improving the livelihoods in non- serviced urban peripheries. This article investigates how transition management (TM), as a promising participatory governance framework, can be implemented effectively to improve access to water for disadvantaged groups. First, we highlight lessons learnt from the TM applications in urban and water sectors. Second, we draw on empirical data from low-income urban areas in Ghana and Tanzania to bring the importance of social relations to the fore. By employing open-ended interviews, following the water points and conducting narrative walks, we identify three precautions that need to be addressed through adaptations of the TM approach in order to achieve the emancipatory promises of participatory governance models. In suggesting some guidelines for facilitators and active groups in participatory arenas, we discuss the importance of power dynamics in the communities, potentials and shortcoming of reflexive governance processes, and the need for capacity-building in transition teams.


The area of central Epirus (prefecture of Ioannina) occupies the northwestern part of the Greek peninsula. It has been continuously settled for a quarter of a million years during which it witnessed lots of changes of physical landscape owing mainly to the intense tectonic activity. Central Epirus is dominated by two different geographical units, the Ioannina basin and the mountains surrounding it (Figure 1).


STEPHANIE A. SHWIFF, HENRY T. SMITH, ALICE M. BARD, TERESE V. HARBOR, GAYLE W. HEATH, AND RICHARD M. ENGEMAN National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 805212154, USA. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Park Service, 13798 S.E. Federal Highway, Hobe Sound, FL 33455, USA. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Park Service, 1800 Wekiwa Circle, Apopka, FL 32712, USA. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Park Service, Sebastian Inlet State Park, 9700 South A-1-A, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951, USA. Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


In this paper,the formation process model of commitment integrated with basic psychological needs satisfaction is used to analyze the influence of Chinese and western cultural background on sensitivity of formation paths of organizational commitment.Based on the comparison of volition,responsibility,and dedication in philosophy and ethics,this study proposes that the sensitive formation paths of organizational commitment are from"salience,control"and"autonomy need and competence need satisfaction"to"organizational commitment in western cultural background",and from "affect,trust"and"relatedness need satisfaction"to"organizational commitment"in Chinese cultural background.


We revisit the question whether commodities should be included in investors' portfolios. We employ for the first time a stochastic dominance efficiency (SDE) approach to construct optimal portfolios with and without commodities and we evaluate their comparative performance. SDE circumvents the necessity to posit a specific utility function to describe investor's preferences and it does not impose distributional assumptions on asset returns. We find that commodities provide diversification benefits both in- and out- of-sample. This evidence is stronger when commodity indices which mimic dynamic commodity trading strategies are used. We explain our results by documenting that commodity markets are segmented from the equity and bond markets.


Gender is known to play a critical role in the brain's anatomy, function, and also in human behavior. Identifying differences in functional connectivity between male and female brains will help explain the prevalence and symptomatology of many neurological and psychiatric conditions. Imaging of the brain during rest reveals spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations (<0.1 Hz) that have a temporal correlation between functionally related areas in the fMRI signal. These correlations, called functional connectivity (FC), were obtained using seed to voxel analysis. FC analyzes were compared between male and female brains, including 50 healthy individuals (25 females, 25 males) using the right hand between aged 19 to 41 years old, using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Data in this study was obtained from the Newyork_a data set under the 1000 Functional Connectomes Project shared publicly. In our study, gender differences in the default mode network, which is shown as having a central role among the rest state networks, and in the fronto parietal network that best reflects the cognitive network, were examined. In some seed regions of our study, regions showing higher FC were found in both female and male. While the seed regions showing positive correlation in DMN are MPFC and LP (L), the seed region showing negative correlation is LP (L). The seed regions that show positive correlation in FPN are LPFC (L), LPFC (R) and PPC (L), while the seed regions that show negative correlation are LPFC (R), PPC (L) and PPC (R). As the result of our study, the most important finding is that all of our regions with positive correlation were associated with the cerebellum. Our regions associated with regions that show negative correlation showed scattered settlement in the brain. Our study revealed that gender differences in brain networks should be considered when examining neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, our results have shown that gender differences in brain networks require more research.


During clot retraction, platelets interact with fibrin resulting in marked reduction of clot volume. Altered fibrin structure has been reported to affect clot retraction as measured by serum expression. This study was performed to test whether such altered retraction was the result of increased resi


A method for interplanting finger citron along with balsam pear and notoginseng in the North includes such steps as promoting bud growth in the later winter or early spring, breeding, planting in hothouse or hotshed, then cultivating on open field, guiding the vine of balsam pear to the uppon frame, further guiding in due time the vine of finger citron to the lower frame, shading finger citron bybalsam pear, spraying water in the morning and at night when the temp. reaches 30-35 deg.C, convering plastic film in the autumn, and planting notoginseng in February of next year.


As requirement by subject Industrial Training Report (OPM 662), I have completed this research on "Key Success of Contractors under Enem Corporation Sdn Bhd". In this research, there are three independent variables that affect key success have been identified which are business skills, management skills and access to capital. Research has been doing on two respondents which are the contractors of Enem Corporation Sdn Bhd. I have taken 108 people to be my respondents and that was the samples of this research. Objectives of the study are to investigate the key success contractors of Enem Corporation Sdn Bhd, the objectives are to determine the main success factors of contractors under Enem Corporation Sdn Bhd and to identify the relationship between independent variables (business skills, management skills and access to capital) and dependent variable (key success factors).
From the finding of this research, we will know the main key success of contractors under Enem Corporation Sdn Bhd and also able to identify the relationship between independent variables (business skills, management skills and access to capital) and dependent variable (key success factors). Beside that, from the findings also we can come out with some suggestion and recommendation for contractors and Enem Corporation Sdn Bhd itself.


The U.S.subprime crisis preludes the global interest-rate cuts.Japan also follows this wave though being a bit late.The deteriorating real economy finally forces Japan into a new stage of "zero interest rate".Theoretical analysis and Granger causality tests show there remains little space for future interest cuts,and the "zero interest rate" policy has little effects on Japan's macro economy.The empirical evidences of this paper may have important implications for the monetary policy adjustments in other western countries.


Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in paediatric weight management (PWM) programs.


The noble metal/oxide coated anodes use conductive precious metal oxides(RuO_2,IrO_2,etc.) as electrocatalysts and non-conductive metal oxides(TiO_2,Ta_2O_5,SnO_2,ZrO_2,CoO_x,etc.) as dispersing or stabilizing agents,which are coated on valve metal substrates(Ti,Ta,Zr,Nb,etc.) with a thermal decomposition method.RuO_2-TiO_2/Ti anode has successfuly used in industrial chlor-alkali electrolysis in 1968.In the last two decades.IrO_2-Ta_2O_5/Ti anode as electrode for O_2 evolution has received much attention and applied to many electrochimical processes,including electroplating,cathodic protection and so on.In this paper the composition, structure and electrochemical performance of IrO_2 coated titanium anodes and existent problems are discussed.


Two multi-anode microchannel array (MAMA) detectors were fabricated at Ball Aerospace Technology Corporation for the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) which was installed into the Hubble Space Telescope in February 1997. The photometric stability of the opaque CsI and semi- transparent Cs2Te sealed MAMA tubes has been characterized as a function of operating voltage and illumination conditions. A total exposure of 5 by 107 counts per pixel results in < 1 percent change in the detection quantum efficiency (DQE), which is attributed to conditioning of the microchannel plate (MCP) during tube processing. Employing good engineering practices to power supply design mitigates the effects of these components in long term detector stability. Other factors contributing to the photometric stability include the use of a curved channel MCP, photocathode processing, hydrocarbon free ultra high vacuum processing and sealed tube processing techniques. Contributions to the low resolution mode DQE stability are discussed along with empirical results on high resolution mode stability.


Brain areas are organized into functionally connected networks though the mechanism underlying this widespread coordination remains unclear. Here we apply deep learning-based dimensionality reduction to task-free functional magnetic resonance images to identify the principal latent dimensions of human brain functional activity. We show that each dimension corresponds to a distinct and stable spatial activity gradient. Brain areas are distributed non-uniformly along each gradient, reflecting modular boundaries and hub properties. Gradients dynamically steepen or flatten to produce task-specific activation patterns. Dynamical systems modelling reveals that gradients can interact via state-specific coupling parameters, allowing accurate forecasts and simulations of brain activity during different tasks. Together, these findings indicate that a small set of overlapping global activity gradients determine the repertoire of possible functional connectivity states.


The mechanical deformation of a human fingertip when pressing on a flat plate was numerically analyzed using a three-dimensional human fingertip model constructed from CT images of human index finger. The fingertip model was constituted of three parts : a distal phalanx bone, skin/subcutaneous tissue, and a nail. The analyses were carried out at 34 to 200 kPa of seven Young's moduli, and at 0.3 to 0.5 of five Poisson's ratios. The numerical results were compared with the reported experimental data of human fingertip. The numerical results showed that the deformation around the nail and at the distal fingertip was generated subsequently to the large deformation of pulp. The numerical deformation results showed a similar pattern to the experimental data. From the numerical results, we calculated the length of the contact area on lateral view and the width of the contact area on axial view in order to qualitatively estimate the deformation. By comparison of numerical and experimental results, there were no unique values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio to express the experimental results. These results suggest that the epidermal, the dermal, and the fat tissue constituting the skin/subcutaneous tissue may influence to the mechanical deformation by these different contributions


We present a voxel-based collision detection method for clothed human animation. We speed up the performance of the voxel-based method by choosing an appropriate voxel size and using a fast voxelization approach. Based on the voxel method, we propose a self-collision detection method and a simplified collision detection method. First, the efficiency of self-collision detection is improved by taking advantage of the curvature and multi-layer methods. Second, the efficiency of cloth/human collision detection is improved by introducing auxiliary line segments. Some heuristics are provided to further increase the efficiency of collision detection. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is efficient for clothed human animation.


Many nations struggle with the collection, separation, and disposal of medical waste. However, extra caution is required to avoid the risk of injury, cross-contamination, and infection; thus, healthcare workers and individuals responsible for waste management must follow the mandatory safety procedures. In this review, a classification of the various types and categories of medical waste and its treatment methods are discussed. Due to the fact that medical waste can be contaminated and hazardous, it must be managed and processed using complex steps and procedures. In many countries, the primary medical/hospital waste treatment method is incineration, which is regarded as a highly polluting process that emits numerous pollutants that degrade air quality and pose a threat to human health and the environment. As case studies, medical waste treatment and disposal practices in Germany, China, USA, and Egypt were compared, and the legislations and laws enacted to regulate medical waste in each of these countries are reviewed and discussed.


CHRISTIAN WIDODO. 8105145124. The Influence of Organizational Culture Adaptability and Motivation to Commitment. Skripsi. Jakarta: Study Program of Economic Education, Faculty of Economy, State University of Jakarta, July 2018.
This study aims to determine whether there is influence adaptability of organizational culture and motivation to the commitment of employees of PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya in Ciherang. This research was conducted for 5 months until March until June 2018. The method used is survey method with correlation approach. The population of the inaccessible population is the employee of the beverage department comprising the production, engineering, human resource, laboratory, material warehouse, and warehouse divisions of 120 employees. The sample used in this research is 89 employees by using Proportional Random Sampling technique. Y variable data (Commitment) is the primary data, the instrument used is a questionnaire by using the Likert scale model. Data variable X1 (Adaptability Culture Organization) instrument used is a questionnaire using the likert scale model and variable data X2 (Motivation) is the primary data using Likert scale.
Data analysis technique using SPSS program version 22.0 started by looking for test of requirement analysis that is normality test using Kolmogrov-Smirnov Z test and can value X1 0.179, X2, and Y equal to 0.200 which all bigger than 0.05 significance hence normal distributed data. Heteroscedasticity test with Spearman's rho test, which resulted in significant value X1 and X2 0.889 0.459. Because the value of significance is more than 0.05 then there is no problem of heteroscedasticity. The regression equation obtained is Ŷ = 23.485 + 0.248 X1 + 0.324 X2. Hypothesis test that is F test in ANOVA table, known Ftest 14.343> Ftable 3.10. Ttest of the adaptability of organizational culture 2.202 > ttable 1.987. While ttest of motivation equal to 3.486 > ttabel 1.987. Test coefficient determination obtained results 25%, the remaining 75% influenced by other factors not examined.
Keywords: Commitment, Motivation.Organizational Culture Adaptability.


Background: Polysomnography is a gold standard method for examination of information obtained from physiological changes in the body related to sleep. The aim of this study was to diagnose respiratory disorders in children and adolescents with sleep disorders using polysomnography.
Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, the complete data of 112 children and adolescents aged 0-18 years that were referred to the sleep ward of Qazvin children's hospital due to sleep disorders were collected. The results of polysomnography and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were determined. SPSS 21 software and frequency table were used to determine the prevalence of the variables.
Results: The most common sleep disorder was restless sleep (68; 60.71%). One hundred and four (92.85%) patients had sleep apnea. Also, 66 (58.92%) patients with severe OSA, 19 (16.96%) patients with moderate OSA, 14 (12.5%) patients with mild OSA and 5 (4.46%) patients with central sleep apnea were observed. Eighty eight (78.57%) children had less than normal sleep efficiency (less than 90%) and 34 (30.35%) had normal and desirable sleep efficiency. Total adenotonsilectomy, medical therapy for OSA and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were recommended for 46 (41.7%), 27 (24.10%) and 20 (17.85%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Respiratory disorders symptoms during sleep were seen in our results, especially in children with a history of adenotonsillectomy. Based on the severity of symptoms, medication was prescribed for children. Referral of children suspected to sleep disorders to a physician by parents is essential for control and treatment of this disease.


Qualitative assessments of the macroinvertebrate community of Crouch Branch were performed in June 1999 and November 2000 to determine if effluent from the H-02 outfall is impairing the quality of the receiving stream. Concurrent samples were collected for metals analyses (copper and zinc in 1999; copper in 2000).


Although osteochondromas are the most common benign tumors of the scapula,' it is not generally recognized that a patient with a subscapular osteochondroma can present to the clinician with scapular winging. The increased scapular prominence resulting from the subscapular mass may erroneously be attributed to paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. An abnormal electromyogram of the serratus anterior, secondary to compression of the long thoracic nerve by the subscapular osteochondroma, may further complicate the diagnosis as illustrated by the following case.


An experimental model of chronic epilepsy has been developed in cats by means of placing cobalt oxide powder epidurally on the left frontal lobe. Radiosurgery of the epileptic focus with a total dose


*Corresponding author: Dr. Christoph Rader, Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10 CRC, Room 3-3150, Bethesda, MD 20892-1203 Tel: (301) 451-2235; Fax: (301) 480-3431; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Blood First Edition Paper, prepublished online August 10, 2009; DOI 10.1182/blood-2009-05-222786


The economic turbulence in the last two decades and the Covid-19 pandemic have impaired several economies, heightened unemployment, and worsened job loss and socio-economic hardships. Promoting entrepreneurship inclusiveness has become a critical strategy to revamp the economy. Meanwhile, the global economy has been projected to grow faster with an increase in women entrepreneurs. However, there seems to be a gender gap and differential in start-ups, which draws down women's inclusion in the business environment. This study examines the gender differential in entrepreneurial interest and practice among 12,485 university students in Nigeria. The results reveal that 88% of male and 84% of female students want to start their own businesses. Both males (66%) and females (65%) reported high entrepreneurial interest, with no statistically significant difference between both genders. The logistic regression analysis shows that entrepreneurship education, relational support, risk-taking, self-efficacy, university ecosystem, and attitudes toward behavior are the main drivers of entrepreneurial interest among male and female students. However, the university ecosystem is found to not significantly affect entrepreneurial interest among male students. Similarly, all factors except for the university ecosystem significantly influence entrepreneurial practice among male and female students. However, relational support is not statistically significant for female students. The study concludes with appropriate policy suggestions that could improve and sustain entrepreneurship interest and practice in both male and female students.


Feed coal and coarse ash particles (heated rock fragments and clinkers), produced from Sasol-Lurgi gasifier tests under different operating conditions, have been characterized by quantitative X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and associated chemical techniques, as a basis for better understanding of the relations between the mineralogical and physical properties of the ash particles. Crystalline phases in the ashes include quartz particles inherited directly from the feed coal, as well as anorthite, mullite, and diopside, derived from solid-state reactions or crystallization of a silicate melt during the gasification process. Glass, cooled from the melt, is also abundant in the ash materials. The abundance of large particles of hard minerals in the coal or the ash, such as quartz, anorthite, pyrite, and diopside, has been correlated with a laboratory-determined abrasion index and may contribute significantly to wear on mechanical equipment during coal- or ash-handling operations.


This paper uses an assemblage framework to examine the Crowd Grown Feast, an 'alternative food initiative' that engaged 100 participants in a collective food growing and eating event in Auckland's city centre. Assemblage thinking here derives from the intersecting theoretical and political interests of multiplicity and uncertainty. It offers a generative framework for a feminist ethnography concerned with the transformative potential of actually existing practices. Studying the case of the Crowd Grown Feast within this framework allows us to explore tensions in agrifood scholarship created by the challenge issued to dominant traditions of political economy by recent relational accounts of alternative foods, 'food bodies' and affect. I challenge the terms of contemporary debates around food provisioning in this way. The case highlights the multiple relations that animate and constitute conventional categories. It confirms that binary categories such as producer/consumer, urban/rural, conventional/alternative, and good/bad foods are misrepresentative by nature of the blurred boundaries between them, and suggests that they might be better understood as assemblages of emergent relations among multiple subjects and objects. This way of thinking and doing research is much needed in critical food geography as a platform for imagining and practising food spaces differently.


RIEGELMAN AND PERSILY propose revising the core curriculum in schools of public health to include applied research and technology.1 The skills they stress are core competencies that are increasingly required of public health practitioners as well as researchers.

The concepts Riegelman and Persily present have more than 30 years' historical support.1–3 Their position is further strengthened by the technologic revolution of the past decade. At present, relatively low-cost and powerful personal computers (PCs) and PC-based statistical research packages may be used to access databases from private, state, and federal agencies.4–6 These databases include health care encounters at the patient level and individual responses to national surveys of, for example, nutrition and health. Census data are readily available on the Internet, albeit in formats that require training to use and interpret meaningfully.


This study aims to analyze the determinants of bank rating in rural banking of Indonesia periods 2012 - 2013. There are four independents variable that used, which are Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Return on Asset (ROA), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Operating Expense and Operating Income (BOPO), and the dependent variable is bank rating. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling, which criteria as rural bank in Indonesia who provide annual reports periods 2012 - 2013, listed on Info Bank rating, and has assets 100 – 500 billion. Samples obtained a number of 85 rural banks. The data was analyzed with regression technique. Before being tested using regression analysis, the data must first pass the test of classic assumption there are normality test, autocorrelation test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The result of this study showing that NPL has negative relationship and significant toward bank rating. ROA has positive relationship and significant toward bank rating. LDR has positive relationship and insignificant toward bank rating. The last, BOPO has insignificant positive relationship toward bank rating. This research also obtained that adjusted R 2 16,10%. This means that 16.10% variation of bank rating can be explained by the five independent variables.


Software Defined Radio is an all new technology being developed in the 21st century. The major practical problem in digital communication systems is channel distortion which causes errors due to Intersymbol Interference (ISI). Channel equalisers are used in digital communication receivers to mitigate the effects of inter symbol interference (ISI) and inter user interference in the form of co-channel interference (CCI) and adjacent channel interference (ACI) in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). An equaliser uses a large part of the computations involved in the receiver. Equalizers are designed to reduce the ISI as much as possible and to minimize the effect of the additive noise for better demodulation. This paper presents a software defined radio module with fuzzy adaptive equalizer. The main focus will be on reconfigurable software defined radio (SDR) because the reconfiguration of mappings is very difficult to be achieved in hardware Here Fuzzy Equalizers are designed in which step size is controlled through Fuzzy Rules. Results are shown for input & output SNR at different iterations which concludes that the coefficients of Fuzzy Adaptive Equalizer are updated, correspondingly output SNR has been increased. The output and input Signal to Noise Ratio is then calculated for different Iterations.


In order to focus and collimate the radiative energy emitted by gas-fired porous ceramic radiators and reduce the heat loss to the surrounding environment, a gas-fired infrared heater with directional tubes in front of them was developed, and the irradiation distribution characteristics on the heated object surface were studied numerically. The concept of radiative energy absorption distribution(READ) factor was used in the Monte-Carlo calculation to calculate the irradiation profile on the object surface set in front of this heater. Influences of related parameters on the irradiation intensity and uniformity along the object surface were analyzed, such as the arrangement (in-line or staggered and the distance between tubes), the distance (Lobj) between the object and the burn, the tube pitch and the ratio of tubes length to radius (L/R). The results show that the tube pitch is the key factor that affected the size of uniform heated area, and the tubes arrangement has not notable effect on irradiance uniformity; When L/R is increased, Lobj at which the irradiation distribution is uniformly on the heated object surface is increased. The result is useful for the optimization design of actual installation.


Abstract Verbal interactions of 28 mother-child and father-child dyads in unstructured (Storytelling) and structured (Block-Sorting) tasks were examined in order to identify (a) parent-child relationships in Descriptive (D), Relational-Contextual (RC), and Categorical-Inferential (CI) categorization styles exhibited in their respective messages; and (b) the interaction structure regulating and maintaining their dyadic exchanges of D, RC, and CI messages. Correlational analyses demonstrated substantial parent-child relationships in each categorization mode in both tasks, with some indication of differential relationships as a function of sex-of-child and task structure. Process analyses of naturally occurring, sequential dyadic exchanges of D, RC, and CI categorizations revealed a systematic pattern of reciprocal or mutual adaptations to one another's input when task demands were minimal (Storytelling task), and when reciprocity was functional to task solution (Block-Sorting task). Thus, under these condit...


The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), a particular member of the Moraceae family, is abundantly found in Asia's tropical and subtropical regions, and it has been reported to have a range of useful properties that treat ailments. Jackfruit contains both edible fractions e.g. seed and inedible fractions e.g. peel, rags, latex, perianth, core which are generally disposed of into the environment directly as waste and thereby causing an environmental concern as it leads to bio-waste accumulation. The existence of multiple beneficial compounds in the discarded parts of fruit contributes to its usage as a raw material in various food products such as bread, cake, cookies, extruded products, etc and also in various other sectors such as the fuel, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries etc. This literature analysis was conducted to gain a good comprehension of changing trends in the Jackfruit waste utilization scenario, shaping up into the formation of value added food products. This review paper is designed by considering some latest findings of several researchers in this area.


Another example: Spiekermann, Grossklags and Berendt (2001) conducted an experiment on people's privacy concerns and attitudes in the context of online shopping. They find that even the most privacy-aware and concerned subjects reveal a lot of private information, regardless of its relevance with respect to the product being bought. Quite daunting result, especially considering that in this study people were asked to sign a consent form allowing for their data to be sold to an unspecified third party. The Pew Internet & American Life Project published a survey in April 2007 (Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2007) about the use of online social networks by teenagers and, among their results, they report that: • 82% of surveyed profile creators posted their first name online and 29% also posted their last name (11% on publicly accessible profiles); • 79% included pictures of themselves; • 61% published the name of their city or town; • 29% posted their email address and 2% added a mobile number. Several possible explanations for this inconsistency:


Green networking is the method of incorporating energy efficient technologies for reducing the resource use as possible. Now a days, , there has been an increasing attention in green cellular networks for the sake of reducing the energy dissipated by communications and networking systems, including the base stations (BSs) and battery-powered user terminals (UTs). The joint employment of cognition and cooperation techniques can be invoked for improving the energy efficiency of cellular networks. To be clear, the cellular devices first have to identify the unused spectral bands (known as spectrum holes) using their spectrum sensing functionality. This idea is termed cognitive network cooperation, since different wireless access networks cognitively cooperate with cellular networks. It is shown that for a given number of information bits to be transmitted, the total energy consumed can be significantly lowered, when both cognition and cooperation are supported in cellular networks.


Environmental factors play an important role in modern poultry production. In order to re-search the application of additions of feed on heat stress broiler, a great deal of information was collected. The broilers' behavior, performance, biochemical indices, immunologic function and antiheat stress path-ways were analyzed and summarized during heat stress. Besides, the application prospect was also predicted and two proposals for further research have been advanced.


Zinc selenide (ZnSe) microspheres and nanonetwork microspheres were synthesised via the modified composite hydroxide-mediated approach at 200°C for 24 and 48 h, respectively. These microspheres were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and UV-visible absorption spectrum. Photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared ZnSe products for the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange under the irradiation of the simulated sunlight (100 mW/cm2) was studied and the results indicated that ZnSe nanonetwork microspheres exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of ZnSe microspheres, owing to its larger specific surface area.


: - We propose in vitro algorithms using Dna strands to perform arithmetic and logical operations. The salient feature of our technique is that we use the same Dna structure to implement each algorithm, as well as to represent inputs and outputs. This allows to reuse output strands as input for others computations. Massive parallelism and great quantitative of Dna in solution provide a lot of advantages: among all the possibility to perform mathematical operations with huge binary numbers which are not representable in a conventional computer.


The article reports the proposed experience at the Graduate Program in Agroecology, offered by IFPR-EAD, in Curitiba. The authors picked as central issue of this report, examining how the Graduate Program in Agroecology, offered by IFPR, presents itself as a questioning proposal of the capitalist model of food production in Brazil, ensuring knowledge and practices of food safety, sustainable agriculture and training of critical stakeholders based on sustainability, in its multiple dimensions: environmental, cultural, political, economic and ethical, opposite to the capitalist model of production of food supply for the communities and agroecological systems systems to date.


PURPOSE: A pipette tip holder is provided to move a plurality of pipette tips included in a pack by layers in numbers as required to laboratories by applying a rack containing required numbers of the pipette tips. CONSTITUTION: The pipette tip holder comprises a pack(17) including a support plate(14) having lots of holes to receive a plurality of pipette tips to form multiple pipette tip layers. The holder is formed with protrusions(12) onto bottom side of a flat component(11) to be inserted into upper portion of the holes. upper portions of the pipette tips stand in straight between the support plate(14) and the holder. The pipette tip layers are delivered one by one by means of a rack used in the laboratories. The protrusion(12) has a diameter smaller than that of the upper portion of the hole in the tip(13) for easily inserting into/taking out the protrusion from the tip.


Using the comparison test,ratio test,or root value test,and their limit forms to judge the convergence and divergence of ∑∞n=1|un|,we can get if the series ∑∞n=1un is absolute convergence.The literature [1] provides the method using derivative to judge a series of absolute convergence.This paper is an extension to the conclusion of the literature [1],it provides the method that uses higher order derivative to judge a series of absolute convergence.


A high fidelity sound reproducing system includes at least one dynamic speaker having a voice coil operatively driving a diaphragm. A differential power amplifier has an output coupled to the voice coil of the dynamic speaker and a noninverting (+) input connected to an audio signal source for driving the speaker in accordance with an input audio signal. A measuring transducer is associated with the dynamic speaker for generating a first feedback signal proportional to the velocity of the dynamic speaker diaphragm. The measuring transducer may be positioned in front of the speaker, behind the speaker or within the bore of the speaker. An active differentiating signal amplifier has an input coupled to the measuring transducer for differentiating the feedback signal into a second feedback signal proportional to the acceleration of the dynamic speaker diaphragm. The active differentiating signal amplifier further has an output connected to an inverting (-) input of the differential power amplifier for driving the speaker in accordance with the input audio signal and the second feedback signal. The system may include multiple channels, each provided with its respective speaker, differential power amplifier, measuring transducer and active differentiating signal amplifier. The system may be a stereo system having two or more channels.


Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and expansion of pathobionts such as adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are associated with the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Mice deficient in expression of the IBD gene candidate, Ptpn2, exhibit pronounced expansion of a novel murine adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli (mAIEC). The aim of this study was to generate a fluorescent mAIEC to study host susceptibility to mAIEC invasion, and to identify how loss of PTPN2 expression in host cells modifies mAIEC invasiveness.


"The general biblical background of promise and fulfillment provides the context for the relationship between revelation and revolution. Specifically, the categories of Exodus, Messianism, Incarnation, and Death/Resurrection are peculiar instances of this relationship. … To recognize revelation as decisively revolutionary in its thrust is to opt for the risk of commitment to radical change."


A flow-through membrane inlet combined with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer has been used for the direct on-line monitoring of biological reactions at the extremely low parts-per-trillion level. Linear signals over at least 4 orders of magnitude were obtained. As an example, on-line monitoring data from the microbial oxygenation of chloroethylenes in pure cultures of the methanotrophic bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) are presented


Objective To analyze the distribution of Chinese medical syndrome in ordinary psoriasis.Methods The pertinent articles on ordinary psoriasis were collected in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),Chinese Academic Journal FullText Database(CAJFD) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System(TCMDS) from 1979to 2010.The articles on Chinese medical syndrome were selected and syndrome denomination database was established by Excel.Frequency statistic method was used to analyze the syndrome distribution.Results Totally 920qualified articles were selected and the frequency of syndrome occurrence was 2 033.The distribution of syndrome was sorted by the frequency i.e.the percentage of syndrome occurrence in all articles.There were 9syndromes which percentages exceeded 1%,accounting for 95.97% of all syndromes.The syndrome sequence related to frequency was as following : blood heat syndrome 32.86%,blood dryness syndrome 23.56%,blood stasis syndrome 19.43%,wind heat syndrome 6.34%,damp syndrome 4.87%,blood deficiency syndrome 3.30%,heat syndrome 2.51%,wind damp syndrome 1.72%and bowel and visceral deficiency syndrome 1.38%.The top three syndromes i.e.blood heat syndrome,blood dryness syndrome and blood stasis syndrome constituted 75.85%.Conclusion The syndrome differentiation of ordinary psoriasis is mainly based on blood aspect.The main syndromes are blood heat syndrome,blood dryness syndrome and blood stasis syndrome.


Sneak populations have reduced because a great quantity of sneaks were caught by human as food. Large numbers of Agkistrodon halys can be raised in pond or cage, and Elaphe schrekii can be raised in forest near water, abandoned buildings and abandoned bridges. The survival rate and products of sneaks are very high using these methods. Detailed measures were introduced and economic efficiency was analyzed in the paper.


Data mining is the efficient discovery of necessary data from the group of different heterogeneous databases. But there is a presence of inconsistencies in that discovered data. Due to this many organizations are facing problems and fail to obtain desired results. In order to reduce these problems we have used the inconsistency removal, redundancy methods and finally capture the graphs. All these processes are done with computationally efficient and scalable R code, which mainly deals with the datamining tasks, such as frequent pattern discovery and classification and so on. In this paper we present some of our research on developing code for representing patterns and building predictive models of graphs for the WEATHER dataset in R console applet. Finally this paper will end up with performing three efficient tasks, which are mandatory for any data set, which are named as pre-processing, principal component analysis and classification and prediction. All the above tasks are generated through R language with the help of R console applet.


Table understanding is a well studied problem in document analysis, and many academic and commercial approaches have been developed to recognize tables in several document formats, including plain text, scanned page images and born-digital, object-based formats such as PDF. Despite the abundance of these techniques, an objective comparison of their performance is still missing. The Table Competition held in the context of ICDAR 2013 is our first attempt at objectively evaluating these techniques against each other in a standardized way, across several input formats. The competition independently addresses three problems: (i) table location, (ii) table structure recognition, and (iii) these two tasks combined. We received results from seven academic systems, which we have also compared against four commercial products. This paper presents our findings.


The problem of how to deal with prisoners of war is not a new one; even the Old Testament calls for humane treatment of those captured in the course of armed conflict. The issue has assumed significant contemporary relevance as a result of developments in Iraq and Afghanistan. Rights of prisoners/detainees during armed conflict is governed by the Law of Armed Conflict (formerly referred to as the Laws of War), or what is probably better known today as International Humanitarian Law. There is an obligation on all states and armed forces to ensure that international humanitarian law is upheld. This involves a responsibility to disseminate information and educate populations, but especially members of armed forces, regarding the principles of international humanitarian law. This branch of international law has always come under pressure during armed conflict, and the current conflicts taking place in Iraq and Afghanistan are no exception. In ancient times the concept of prisoners of war was unknown. Captives were regarded as part of the spoils of victory, and they were frequently killed, enslaved, or held for ransom. Not surprisingly, prisoners of war have traditionally been among the most vulnerable groups in situations of armed conflict. Their treatment is a question with which the laws of war have been particularly concerned. Their detention is a form of permissible internment, and it should come as no surprise to learn that the laws governing armed conflict lay down detailed rules for their protection. This article examines the origins of the laws of war and their relationship to international human rights law, with particular reference to the protection provided to prisoners of war. A serious obstacle confronting those charged with ensuring compliance with the norms of humanitarian law is to make the rules establishing such norms accessible and relevant to those most responsible for their implementation, i.e., the soldiers on the ground. The language of the international instruments in question is often obtuse and unintelligible. The principles enshrined in these instruments, when combined with a "dumb down" approach for classroom instruction, are often presented in a half-hearted and "touchy-feely" way that makes the instructors and principles involved appear out of touch with reality. Best has described the situation as follows:


Background

Minority men have higher smoking rates and smoking cessation interventions are less effective among them. In Israel, the prevalence of smoking among Arab men is nearly double that of Jewish men. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the various methods that could aid in smoking cessation. We have used the Concept Mapping (CM) which combines qualitative and quantitative methods and graphically represents the ideas of participants regarding a focal question. The CM …


Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DG) is an essential liponucleotide that is crucial for the synthesis of the phospholipids phosphatidylinositol (PI) and cardiolipin (CL). It is the precursor for PI in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and two molecules are required for the synthesis of CL in mitochondria. CDP-DG is formed through the enzymes CDP-DG synthase (CDS) 1 and 2 in the ER; this is the rate-limiting step in the PIP2 cycle. CDS enzymes are critical for the maintenance of cellular structure, as depletion of the CDS enzymes causes a vast array of phenotypes. Upon constant stimulation of phospholipase C via chronic stimulation with arginine-vasopressin in H9c2 cells, there is a specific increase in CDS1 mRNA alongside a decrease in PI levels. PI levels decrease, presumably, due to the increased level of PIP and PIP2 synthesis; CDS1 mRNA increases to attempt to compensate for the drop in PI. This also shows that, contrary to previous studies, CDS1 is responsible for synthesising PI through the products of PIP2 breakdown in the PIP2 cycle, whereas CDS2 is most likely for de novo synthesis of PI. Furthermore, it appears that this increase of CDS1 mRNA due to chronic stimulation with arginine-vasopressin is regulated through protein kinase C and cFos. The two mammalian CDS enzymes are 69% similar and 73% identical, and have been shown to localise to the ER. A novel protein was recently discovered in yeast to have CDS activity which shares very little homology with the CDS enzymes, Tam41, which is a mitochondrial protein. We confirmed that a mammalian version of this enzyme, TAMM41, exists and is responsible for the supply of CDP-DG to the mitochondria for CL synthesis.


A critical consideration in the design of next-generation gravitational wave detectors is the understanding of the seismic environment that can introduce coherent and incoherent noise of seismic origin at different frequencies. We present detailed low-frequency ambient seismic noise characterisation (0.1–10 Hz) at the Gingin site in Western Australia. Unlike the microseism band (0.06–1 Hz) for which the power shows strong correlations with nearby buoy measurements in the Indian Ocean, the seismic spectrum above 1 Hz is a complex superposition of wind induced seismic noise and anthropogenic seismic noise which can be characterised using beamforming to distinguish between the effects of coherent and incoherent wind induced seismic noise combined with temporal variations in the spatio-spectral properties of seismic noise. This also helps characterise the anthropogenic seismic noise. We show that wind induced seismic noise can either increase or decrease the coherency of background seismic noise for wind speeds above 6 m s−1 due to the interaction of wind with various surface objects. In comparison to the seismic noise at the Virgo site, the secondary microseism (0.2 Hz) noise level is higher in Gingin, but the seismic noise level between 1 and 10 Hz is lower due to the sparse population and absence of nearby road traffic.


The addition of polymers and by product waste materials to straight asphalt has shown improvement of binder's properties. In this research, the rubber powder by which the waste tire of the passenger motorcar smashed with the freezing-method is added to the straight asphalt 60/80. Rubber 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm and 1.2mm, respectively, was mixed with asphalt at a rate of 15% by total weight. The viscosities measured with a rotation viscometer, Complex Shear Modulus (ΙG*Ι), phase angle (δ) and softening point temperatures evaluated the behavior at high temperatures. The flexural creep stiffness and slope of response evaluated the behavior at low temperatures. The improvements on binder properties after rubber addition showed the same magnitude despite the difference of rubber size.


The use of electric power systems in the industrial field is continuously expanding due to the development and progress of new energy technology. As one of the core technologies of power systems, people are increasingly demanding higher performance from batteries. The battery management system plays an essential role in improving efficiency, safety and life-span of the battery pack and one of its main functions is the battery balancing function. This paper aims to discuss a novel battery balancing method using dual active bridge phase shift control technique. This technique has a much simpler circuit structure, reduced manufacturing cost, requires less space and offers more flexible control of balancing current than the current mainstream battery balancing methods.


A bstract: Lungworm prevalence and intensity in pronghorn antelope (A ntilocapra americana) were studied from the National Bison Range (NBR) and Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Collections were mede from August, 1965 to July, 1966. Protostrongylus macrods was recovered from 97 of 99 (96.9%) YNP pronghorns, with a mean intensity of 22.1 (0 133) worms. Protostrongylus macrotis was found in pronghorns of all ages and was present during all months of the year. Lungworms were not recovered from 26 NBR pronghorns sampled during the same time period.


We give an upper bound for the number uΓ(n) of "overlattices" in the automorphism group of a tree, containing a fixed lattice Γ with index n. For an example of Γ in the automorphism group of a 2p-regular tree whose quotient is a loop, we obtain a lower bound of the asymptotic behavior as well. Nous donnons une borne supérieure pour le nombre uΓ(n) de "surréseaux" contenant un réseau fixé d'indice n dans le groupe d'automorphismes d'un arbre. Dans le cas d'un arbre 2prégulier T , et d'un réseau Γ tel que Γ\T soit une boucle, nous obtenons aussi une minoration du comportement asymptotique. Introduction. Given a connected semisimple Lie group G, the Kazhdan-Margulis lemma says that there exists a positive lower bound for the covolume of cocompact lattices in G. This is no longer true when G is the automorphism group of a locally finite tree. Bass and Kulkarni (for cocompact lattices, see [BK]) and Carbone and Rosenberg (for arbitrary lattices in uniform trees, see [CR]) even constructed examples of increasing sequences of lattices (Γi)i∈N in Aut(T ) whose covolumes tend to 0 as i tends to ∞. If Γ is a cocompact lattice in the group Aut(T ) of automorphisms of a locally finite tree T , there is only a finite number uΓ(n) of "overlattices" Γ ′ containing Γ with fixed index n ([B]). Thus a natural question, which was raised by Bass and Lubotzky (see [BL]), would be to find the asymptotic behavior of uΓ(n) as n tends to ∞. In [G], Goldschmidt proved that there are only 15 isomorphism classes of (3,3)-amalgams. Thus for lattices Γ in the automorphism group of a 3-regular tree T whose edge-indexed quotient is 3 3 , one has uΓ(n) = 0 for n big enough. Moreover it is conjectured by Goldschmidt and Sims that there is only a finite number of (isomorphism classes of) (p, q)-almalgams, for any prime numbers p and q. In this paper, we give two results: an upper bound of uΓ(n) for any cocompact lattice, and a surprisingly big exact asymptotic growth of uΓ(n) for a specific lattice Γ in the automorphism group of a 2p-regular tree. Theorem 0.1. Let Γ be a cocompact lattice in Aut(T ). Then there are some positive constants C0 and C1 depending on Γ, such that ∀n ≥ 1, uΓ(n) ≤ C0n C1 log 2(n). Theorem 0.2. Let p be a prime number and let T be a 2p-regular tree. Let Γ be a cocompact lattice in Aut(T ) such that the quotient graph of groups is a loop whose edge stabilizer is trivial 1 and whose vertex stabilizer is a finite group of order p.


It is remarkable that no really fine series of photographic plates of the Hallstatt finds (or the principal types) exists. Von Sacken's drawings, of course, only give a fraction of what was found. This small guide has some excellent photographic illustrations of objects in the museum at Vienna. Perhaps the leather pack for carrying salt, which was found preserved in the mine workings, is one of the most interesting of the objects found. S. C.


Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine whether the serum levels of a bone formation marker, i.e., the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and a bone resorption marker, i.e., the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) have prognostic value in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis, compared with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods: The serum levels of PICP, ALP, ICTP and PSA were examined in 116 untreated prostate cancer patients (40 patients with bone metastasis, 76 patients without bone metastasis), and the prognoses of the patients with bone metastasis were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The bone metastasis patients with low PICP or ALP values had significantly better outcomes compared to the bone metastasis patients with high PICP or ALP values. A multivariate analysis of PICP, ICTP, ALP, PSA and the patients' age revealed that PICP and patients' age were important prognostic factors for survival. The pretreatment levels of ICTP and PSA did not show any substantial relation to the prognosis of these patients. Conclusions: The results suggest that the pretreatment serum bone formation marker is an important prognostic indicator for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis.


Purpose: Several methods are used to reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP) rehabilitation. One of these methods is stretching. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of intramuscular stretching and passive stretching on spasticity in children with bilateral spastic CP. Methods: The study included a total of 22 children (12 boys and 10 girls) with bilateral CP, between the ages of 5 and 13 years (mean age=6.45±1.96 years), who had spasticity in the plantar flexor muscle groups. All children were under an individualized physiotherapy program. In addition to the physiotherapy program, intramuscular stretching was applied to the plantar flexor muscles on one side, whereas passive manual stretching was applied to the other side. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), and Silfverskiold test were used to assess the spasticity. Evaluations were performed before and after the applications. Results: There was a significant difference between pre and post-treatment comparisons in the intramuscular stretching side (MAS p=0.024, MTS R2-R1 p<0.001, Silfverskiold test p=0.002) and the passive stretching side (MAS p=0.014, MTS R2-R1 p=0.001, and the Silfverskiold test p=0.003). On the other hand, there was no difference between the intramuscular and passive stretching sides (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both intramuscular and passive stretching are effective methods for reducing spasticity in children with bilateral spastic CP, and their acute effects are similar.


The main intuition that animates this chapter (a substantially modified version of Varela 1997 and 1998) is that the natural roots of mind are permeated by the depth inherent in direct, lived experience. I will develop this intuition in two steps. First, the very thrust of a proper scientific analysis of mind, i.e., in the context of the cognitive sciences, leads to the need for a detailed examination of experience itself. Second, examined experience and scientific analysis can have an explicit, non-dual relationship, i.e., a mutual determination , that avoids the extremes of both neuro-reductionism and ineffability. My contribution to this volume is to focus on the significance of human experience per se , and only by implication to consider that particular domain of human experience we call "religious." This can be rephrased in a more constructive sense: rather than being concerned with religious experience conceived in its most obvious theological context, I am more interested in the larger domain of a (Jamesian) sense of religion as the quest for meaning and values in life. Hereafter, I will describe this simply as "spiritual experience," and I will subsume religious experience under it. This distinction is indispensable if one is to take into account a number of non-theistic traditions such as Buddhism, Taoism, gnosticism, etc., for which the common ground is, precisely, a disciplined and transformative examination of human experience. Commonly in spiritual traditions, human experience is not taken at face value, but it is examined in one way or another. In contrast, cognitive science has been almost entirely interested in cognitive faculties in ordinary, un examined life.


It describes that XPS composite board exterior wall insulation free web cast system is a new exterior wall insulation systems,which possesses some advantages,such as energy saving,primary cementing power to foundation,simple construction and fast construction speed.Combined with high-rise building construction practice,it discusses the key technology of XPS composite board exterior wall insulation system without net cast,so as to ensure the construction quality of exterior wall board.


The author of the article analyses the problems of environmental Chinese sculpture"s forming and development in the context of religious and philosophic traditions. Special attention is paid to the forming of the artistic and aesthetic thought in Ancient China. The plastic kinds of art are researched in the interaction with social, spiritual, spatial and compositional problems. The author comes to the conclusion about the necessity to preserve culture traditions in the contemporary architectural and artistic practice of China.


A city is smart when the social investment, human resources, communications and the building infrastructure, coexist harmoniously and systematically through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which generates better quality of life and natural resources efficient management through the citizens participation. In Latin America and the Caribbean region some countries implement smart city model, those are: Santiago de Chile, México City, Bogota, Medellín, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba and Montevideo. In Caracas, there is a need to modernize the technological infrastructure in order to integrate new elements to ease and automate processes and therefore offer more comfort to the population; with the development of Intelligent and Ecological Capital be reached Caracas will provide the facilities to offer multiple services with the latest technologies.


Internet security finds it difficult to keep the information secure and to maintain the integrity of the data. Sending messages over the internet secretly is one of the major tasks as it is widely used for passing the message.


Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems emit pulses of (Radio Frequency) RF energy from an antenna into the environment over short intervals in time. Reflected RF energy is received coherently by a receiving antenna and signal processing focusing algorithms process the received signals using one of many potential focusing algorithms to form 2D images of the scene. Formation of these images requires highly accurate knowledge of the antenna state, e.g., the position, orientation and their velocities, when transmitting and receiving RF signals. This information is typically obtained using a combination of a high-quality Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and a highly-accurate Inertial Navigation System (INS). SAR dependence on GPS and INS data prohibit SAR image formation in GPS-denied contexts which limit the application of this technology. This work investigates approaches for focusing SAR images when GPS is unavailable.


Pd nanospheres were synthesized through chemical reduction of Pd2+ with BH-4 in an emulsion system comprised of polyethylene,cyclohexane and water.With the characterization of XRD,TEM,XPS and other testing methods,catalyst structure,surface electronic states and morphology were characterized.During liquid-phase parachloronitrobenzene hydrogenation to parachloroaniline,the as-synthesized Ni-B catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity.It was found the conversion of the reactant could be as high as 100% and the selectivity of the product could be above 99% under the optimum conditions.The catalyst's stability was good that could be recycled as much as 10 times.