The concept of network is predominantly used in several applications of computer communication networks. It is also a fact that the dominating set acts as a virtual backbone in a communication network. These networks are vulnerable to breakdown due to various causes, including traffic congestion. In such an environment, it is necessary to regulate the traffic so that these vulnerabilities could be reasonably controlled. Motivated by this, [Formula: see text]-part degree restricted domination is defined as follows. For a positive integer [Formula: see text], a dominating set [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is said to be a [Formula: see text]-part degree restricted dominating set ([Formula: see text]-DRD set) if for all [Formula: see text], there exists a set [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The minimum cardinality of a [Formula: see text]-DRD set of a graph [Formula: see text] is called the [Formula: see text]-part degree restricted domination number of [Formula: see text] and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we present a polynomial time reduction that proves the NP -completeness of the [Formula: see text]-part degree restricted domination problem for bipartite graphs, chordal graphs, undirected path graphs, chordal bipartite graphs, circle graphs, planar graphs and split graphs. We propose a polynomial time algorithm to compute a minimum [Formula: see text]-DRD set of a tree and minimal [Formula: see text]-DRD set of a graph.


There is strong policy interest across the UK in identifying people at high risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease (CVD; ⩾20% risk over 10 years) in an effort to offer preventative interventions. In 2009, England introduced a mass screening and referral programme; while Scotland is evaluating a pilot programme which targets deprived communities. Here we examine the coverage, efficiency and cost effectiveness of alternative screening strategies.

We compared five screening strategies to detect those at high risk of premature …


Supercapacitors, with the merits of high-power density, long durability, and remarkable safety, have already been used in the field of fast energy storage and conversion. However, their rapid self-discharge with spontaneous voltage decay results in the fast loss of the stored electric energy, severely limiting their practical application. Carbon materials have been widely used as the electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their large surface area, well-developed porous structure, and low-cost. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors, and further explore efficient suppressing strategies of the self-discharge behavior of carbon electrodes. In this review, we first introduce the self-discharge mechanisms including charge redistribution, Faradic reaction, and ohm leakage. Then, the key properties of porous structure, surface states, and metal impurities of carbon materials on the self-discharge behavior are discussed. Finally, we summarize some novel suppressing strategies and give perspectives on the future development of supercapacitors. This review provides an insight on the self-discharge of carbon-based supercapacitors, and can help to facilitate their widespread application.


Nanoscale carbon structures such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can greatly improve the effective thermal conductivity of thermally sluggish heat storage materials, such as sugar alcohols (SAs). The specific improvement depends on the heat transfer rate across the carbon structure. Besides, the heat transfer rate is further dependent on the material and the CNT diameter. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations are applied to graphene/CNT-SA interfacial systems. Using erythritol and xylitol as model materials, we find the cross-plane thermal contact conductance to decrease as the CNT diameter decreases, with an exception for CNT(7,7). A phonon mode analysis is carried out to explain the general decreasing trend. The larger phonon mode mismatch observed between the molecules on both sides of smaller diameter CNTs is found to be a finite size effect of the confinement, instead of an interfacial effect. From the molecular collision point of view, a higher molecular density promotes heat transfe...


An effective, readily regenerated catalytic system consisting of a cobalt or nickel halide and dimethylformamide is proposed for the reaction of olefin oxides of different structure with CO 2 . The catalytic system ensures a high rate and selectivity of the reaction with respect to cyclocarbonate under mild conditions.


Geometry configuration is crucial to the system performance in distributed multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radars. Sensor placement in distributed MIMO radars is different from the conventional sensor placement problem as transmitters and receivers need to cooperate with each other to perform sensing. In this paper, we establish a combinatorial optimization model for the joint placement of transmitters and receivers. The proposed algorithm first transforms the original model into an equivalent model with convex constraints via convex relaxation. Then, the nonconvex objective function is further replaced with a new convex surrogate. The surrogate is shown to converge to a good approximation of the original optimal solution. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated using numerical simulations.


Many real-world graphs have complex labels on the nodes and edges. Mining only exact patterns yields limited insights, since it may be hard to find exact matches. However, in many domains it is relatively easy to define a cost (or distance) between different labels. Using this information, it becomes possible to mine a much richer set of approximate subgraph patterns, which preserve the topology but allow bounded label mismatches. We present novel and scalable methods to efficiently solve the approximate isomorphism problem. We show that approximate mining yields interesting patterns in several real-world graphs ranging from IT and protein interaction networks to protein structures.


No.1 Article of the Party Central Committee has shown the strategic arrangement for peasants' income increase nowadays. The problem of peasants' income increase is very complex, which reflects in following aspects such as the nature, reasons, counter measures for peasants' income increase. Thus we should not only keep clear headed, ready to struggle in a long period of time but also strengthen our conviction and work energetically so as to realize the faster increase in peasants' income than before.


Thispaperpresents a newmethodforreal-timeenvironments. Oneofthemainmilestones istoachieve large SLAM calculation applied toautonomous robot navigation in closing loops inrobot paths running inreal-time. large-scale environments without restrictions. ItisexclusivelySeveral approaches canbefoundtosolve therelated issues based onthevisual information provided byacheap wide-anglebyusing metric methods, topological methods orhybrid ones. stereo camera. Ourapproach divide theglobal mapinto local Oneexample ofthelast onesisdescribed in(5). Thissolution sub-maps identified bytheso-called SIFTfingerprint. Atthe tries tobuild atopological mapcomposed byseveral simple sub-map level (lowlevelSLAM),3D sequential mapping of metric maps.After that, aslongastherobot explores new natural land-marks andtherobotlocation/orientation are obtained using a top-down Bayesian methodtomodelthe places, thealgorithm decides whether tobuild anewsub-map dynamic behavior. A highabstraction level toreduce theglobal orcreate anewbranchtooneofthealready visited maps. accumulated drift, keeping real-time constraints, hasbeenadded Thelinks contain thecoordinate system relations aswellas (high level SLAM). Thisuses acorrection method based onthe uncertainties transformations amongsub-maps. In(6)they SIFTfingerprints taking foreachsub-map. Acomparison ofthe propose a3DSLAMusing SIFTsimilarity matrix, whichare lowSLAMlevel using ourmethod andSIFTfeatures hasbeen basedonvisual appearance. Thisallows therecognition of carried out.Someexperimental results usinga reallarge pre-visited places thatcanbequite repetitive. Thepaper environment arepresented.


For recalcitrant seeds, mortality curves of germination versus water content typically imply a wide range of desiccation sensitivities within a seed population. However, seed to seed differences in water content, during desiccation, may confound our interpretation of these mortality plots. Here, we illustrate this problem for two batches of Vitellaria paradoxa (Sapotaceae) seeds collected in 1996 and 2002. Whole seeds were desiccated to various target water contents (TWCs) using silica gel. During desiccation, smaller seeds in the population dried most rapidly. Consequently, there was a significant linear relationship between whole-seed water content and seed mass during the drying process. In addition, following desiccation to low TWCs, only the largest seeds in the population retained viability. Taken together, this suggests that the larger seeds survived, not as a consequence of great relative desiccation tolerance, but as a result of taking longer to desiccate. Subsequently, the critical water content (CWC) for viability loss was calculated, based on the assumptions that in the seed population whole-seed water content during desiccation was normally distributed and the smallest, and hence driest, seeds were killed first. Using this approach, the driest seeds in the population that were killed, at each TWC, were always below a single CWC (c. 20% and 26% in 1996 and 2002, respectively). In subsequent experiments the effect of seed size variation on the response to desiccation was confirmed by conducting desiccation screens on seeds sorted into two discrete size classes, i.e. the seed-lot heterogeneity in mass was reduced. Using this approach, the mortality curves had a steeper slope. Furthermore, data for 24 tropical tree species from the Database of Tropical Tree Seed Research (DABATTS) revealed that seed lots with less variability in mass had steeper mortality curves. Thus, taken together, the data suggest that, at least for whole seeds, the wide range of desiccation sensitivities typically inferred is an artefact of seed to seed variation in mass, and hence water contents, during drying.


Minerals play an important role in the homeostasis of human body functions. Increased levels of such minerals may lead to their precipitation or accumulation at different body sites leading to diseases. In this oration, effects of Manganese on sulfation of neurotransmitters, work on gall stones and renal stones in Sri Lankan population is discussed.


OBJECTIVE Ingestion of a mixed meal recruits flow to muscle capillaries and increases total forearm blood flow in healthy young lean people. We examined whether these vascular responses are blunted by obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We fed eight middle-aged lean and eight obese overnight-fasted volunteers a liquid mixed meal (480 kcal). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured every 30 min, and brachial artery flow and muscle microvascular recruitment (contrast ultrasound) were assessed every 60 min over 2 h after the meal. RESULTS By 30 min, plasma glucose rose in both the lean (5.1 ± 0.1 vs. 6.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P < 0.05) and the obese groups (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 6.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P < 0.05). Plasma insulin rose (28 ± 4 vs. 241 ± 30 pmol/l, P < 0.05) by 30 min in the lean group and remained elevated for 2 h. The obese group had higher fasting plasma insulin levels (65 ± 8 pmol/l, P < 0.001) and a greater postmeal area under the insulin-time curve (P < 0.05). Brachial artery flow was increased at 120 min after the meal in the lean group (38 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 16 ml/min, P < 0.05) but not in the obese group. Muscle microvascular blood volume rose by 120 min in the lean group (14.4 ± 2.2 vs. 24.4 ± 4.2 units, P < 0.05) but not in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS A mixed meal recruits muscle microvasculature in lean subjects, and this effect is blunted by obesity. This impaired vascular recruitment lessens the endothelial surface available and may thereby impair postprandial glucose disposal.


In the March 1977 issue of the Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, the article by Walden, Prosek, Montgomery, Scherr, and Jones, "Effects of Training on the Visual Recognition of Consonants," c...


A 46-year-old female presented to our hospital with edema of the lower limbs and skin hyperpigmentation. She also complained of chills, low skin temperature, abdominal swelling, poor appetite, and fatigue. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed M protein, and immunofixation assay showed positivity for monoclonal IgA λ. Her VEGF level was elevated. She also had lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and neuropathy. Left groin lymph node biopsy suggested Castleman′s disease (plasma cell variant). Thus, a diagnosis of Castleman′s disease and POEMS syndrome was confirmed. She was treated with the RCP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone), and her symptoms were partially alleviated. We also reviewed the relevant literature to discuss this rare condition.

Key words:
POEMS syndrome; Castleman′s disease; Renal insufficiency


A fault-tolerant system is the one that can continue its operation without significant impact on performance in the presence of hardware and/or software errors. In this paper, the design of a fault-tolerant flight controller to control UH-60 helicopter is investigated. A 9th-order state space representation of the helicopter model operating at the forward mode with 80 knots is presented; then a fault-tolerant optimal feedback controller is designed and tested.


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mathematics at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Repository Citation Berg, Michael, "Uniform Approximation of Continuous Functions on a Compact Riemann Surface by Elliptic Modular Forms" (2003). Mathematics Faculty Works. 82. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/math_fac/82


Cancer has a significant effect on society worldwide. Statistics on cancer explain what happens in a large set of people and give a real picture of the burden on society. A number of cancer treatments are accessible nowadays and enormous numbers are in the pipeline, but society still faces several lacks in full therapy cure. The objective is to determine, parallel to the kinds and uses of supramolecular drug carriers, and the incidence and incidences of cancer with various medical systems concentrated primarily on targeted structures. Rational drug delivery designs have shown important interest in enhancing therapeutics in latest years with regard to leveraging supramolecular chemistry that is ''chemistry beyond molecules.'' Particular tunable and dynamic non-covalent interaction of engineering can be used for drug delivery. Advantages of this include molecular composition control, improved drug integration and targeting pathways, and new delivery devices which respond to a various physiological indicators. One of the largely recognizable motivations for supramolecular drug delivery is macrocyclic hosts-guest complexes. The scope of this review is to give a clear picture that how supramolecular drugs carrier plays an effective role in cancer treatment.


Misinformation, in most cases, is the reconfigured content using basic tools Fake information related to casualties, infections, contacts, lockdowns, investments, exam schedules, and immigration, leads to confusion, fears, phobophobia, discrimination, harassment, physical injuries, deaths, financial damages, reputational losses, and many more long-lasting side effects Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the many ways in which misinformation and information leakage related to COVID-19 can influence the stakeholders, such that it gives policymakers and citizens a greater understanding of both direct and indirect risks and harms when assessing the challenges their countries are facing Methods: An extensive literature review was done on the prevalence of the COVID-19 related misinformation and its associated significant psychological, reputational, physical, and societal implications on Indians The novel and possible approaches to fight against the misinformation are described © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers


In December 2014 the Environment Agency published Long Term Investment Scenarios (LTIS) for flood and coastal erosion risk management in England. It sets out the future costs and benefits of managing flood and coastal erosion risk in England in a range of different scenarios. Its major achievement in long-term risk-based resource allocation is to incorporate a rigorous national economic optimisation based on an aggregation of 3,000 flood defence systems covering the entirety of England's floodplain. The analysis is based on the Environment Agency's national assessment of flood risk from rivers and the sea, along with the risk of properties flooding from surface water. The risk information informs an innovative economic model to assess optimal levels of investment both in maintaining and improving the defence infrastructure, and is combined with a high level appraisal of investment in broader risk management activities (such as flood incident management). The headline results describe optimal investment profiles in the short and long term, and compare these with planned investment levels by government and external contributors. The potential to reduce flood risk in the long term is described in the context of the efficiencies required to reduce and hold down costs, the benefits of maintaining control over development in the floodplain, and the effects of climate change. There are constraints in the economic optimisation approach, as well as in the broader, inclusive overview of risk management activities, and the Environment Agency is now seeking a more open, collaborative approach – working with industry and academic partners – to develop LTIS and strengthen it further as robust, independent, world-leading evidence.


Results are presented from a national survey of the value and costs of children in Singapore. The survey which covered a sample of 977 married women aged 15-40 and 491 of their husbands was carried out between 1975 and 1977 as part of the cross-national Value of Children Study. Information is included on the sample and methodology used; subcultural differentials in values and costs of children; values and costs attached to sons and daughters; the association between the value of children and factors such as family relationships the status of women and fertility behavior; perceptions of population policies; and policy implications.


In order to solve the problems of system stability decline and output voltage fluctuation caused by the change of environment of DC bus photovoltaic power generation system, the voltage stability of DC bus is summarized in this paper. The study is carried out in two main areas. On the one hand, the input voltage of the DC bus is guaranteed by summarizing and analyzing the structure and control strategies of different DC/DC converters. On the other hand, the direct control of the DC bus voltage is investigated, which is divided into three categories, namely energy storage device-based voltage control, controller-based voltage control and other types of control. Finally, a summary and outlook are given. It provides an effective reference for subsequent researchers in the study of bus voltage control of DC bus type photovoltaic power generation system.


Crack detection at an early stage is necessary to save people's lives and to prevent the collapse of building/bridge structures. Manual crack detection is time-consuming, especially when a building structure is too high. Image processing, machine learning, and deep learning-based methods can be used in such scenarios to build an automatic crack detection system. This study uses a novel deep convolutional neural network, 3SCNet (3ScaleNetwork), for crack detection. The SLIC (Simple Linear Iterative Clustering) segmentation method forms the cluster of similar pixels and the LBP (Local Binary Pattern) finds the texture pattern in the crack image. The SLIC, LBP, and grey images are fed to 3SCNet to form pool of feature vector. This multi-scale feature fusion (3SCNet+LBP+SLIC) method achieved the highest sensitivity, specificity, an accuracy of 99.47%, 99.75%, and 99.69%, respectively, on a public historical building crack dataset. It shows that using SLIC super pixel segmentation and LBP can improve the performance of the CNN (Convolution Neural Network). The achieved performance of the model can be used to develop a real-time crack detection system.


Let 7 and ~ be two collections of a total of n bivariate (possibly partially-defined) algebraic functions of constant maximum degree. The minimization dlagrarns of .F, ~ are the planar subdivisions obtained by the projections of the lower envelopes of 7, ~, respectively, onto the xy-plane. We show that the combinatorial complexity of the overlay of the minimization diagrams of Y and g is 0(n2+&), for any e >0 (the actual bound that we prove is somewhat stronger). This result has several applications: (i) an O (n2ye ) upper bound on the complexity of the region in R3 enclosed between the lower envelope of one such collection of functions and the upper envelope of another collection; (ii) an efficient and simple divide-and-conquer algorithm for constructing lower envelopes in three dimensions; and (iii) a near-quadratic upper bound on the combinatorial complexity of the space of plane transversals of n compact convex simply-shaped sets in R3. * Work on this paper by the first author has been supported by National Science Foundation Grant CCR-93–01259, an NYI award, and mat thing funds from Xerox Corporation. Work on this paper by the second author has been supported by the Netherlands' Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and partially supported by ESPRIT Basic Research Action No. 6546 (project PROMotion). Work on this paper by the third author has been supported by NSF Grant CCR-91-22103, by a Max-Planck Research Award, and by grants from the U.S.-Israeli Binational Science Foundation, the Fund for Basic Research administered by the Israeli Academy of Sciences, and the G. I. F., the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development. t Department of Computer Science, Box 1029, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0129, USA $ Department of Computer Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.089, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands $ School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association of Computing Machinery.To copy otherwise, or to repub!ish, requires a fee and/or s~ecific ~ermission


The invention relates to a cooling and/or freezing device comprising a chamber (10) which is used to receive the goods which are to be cooled and/or frozen, a ventilator (20) which extracts air from the chamber (10), introduces area into the chamber (10) or circulates the air which is located in the chamber (10), in addition to a control unit (40) which is connected to the ventilator (20) which controls the ventilator (20) in order to influence the temperature distribution in such a manner that said ventilator (20), in a first operational state, is driven in a rotational direction and in a second operational state, is driven in the other rotational direction. The invention also relates to a method for operating a cooling and/or freezing device.


In this project, we have used different algorithms for detection and extraction of five facial features, i.e. hairline, smile line, skin, wrinkle and melanocytes. These actions were performed using image processing software services and were stored in a cloud platform so that users can periodically browse the changes in these facial features. Chinese medical doctors could also check the features and give some suggestion/comment for patients via internet.


Let us leave these theoretical considerations, however, and look at the argument from the point of view of practical experience. How many teachers do actually make the meaning of " subtend " clear and precise to pupils ? The vast majority are content to explain—or perhaps rather, to state—that " subtends " means " is opposite to," without making any attempt to show the exact connotation of the former. And so most pupils never realise this exact meaning, and many do not remember any meaning whatsoever. Both theoretical and practical considerations then fail to furnish convincing arguments in favour of " subtend." Is there any strong reason for retaining it ?


Abnormal motion of the ankle-foot complex presents a major problem in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. These patients often develop drop foot, a problem involving excessive and uncontrolled plantar flexion. An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is prescribed to constrain and inhibit this abnormal motion. The purpose of this investigation is to simulate the drop foot problem determining the stress distribution in the orthosis. Computer modelling is a method for optimal design of medical devices (prosthesis and orthoses). The study is oriented to develop ankle foot orthosis with exchangeable elastic elements, in order to assist the very frequently observed gait abnormalities of the human ankle-foot complex. CAD modelling is used for that purpose. Methods of reconstructing 3D models of the ankle-foot based on Reverse Engineering are fully investigated, and new personalized AFOs are proposed on their basis. The main goal is to assist the ankle-foot flexors and extensors during the gait cycle (stance and swing) using elastic elements.


A wide-input-range (5-115V) DC-DC based synchronous LED driver is presented in this paper. The proposed LED driver can automatically operate in the soft-switching mode to minimize the converter's switching loss in the HV condition. An adaptive resonate timing control (ARTC) is developed to generate optimal dead-time for establishing zero-voltage switching of both high- and low-side power FETs under different input and output voltages. Two high-speed HV body-diode-based zero-voltage detectors are also proposed to realize high-frequency soft switching. Implemented in a 0.5μm 120V CMOS process, the proposed LED driver can support up to 25 series-connected high-brightness LEDs. The LED driver can operate up to 1.6MHz and achieve a peak power efficiency of 94.4% in the soft-switching mode. Compared to the prior arts, the proposed LED driver is the first to demonstrate auto-configurable hard-and soft-switching capability by the ARTC to achieve high power efficiency and current accuracy over both widest ranges of the input voltage and the number of output LEDs.


The effect of deformation temperature on microstructure, flow stress and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated at low strain rate of 0.005 s-1. The flow curve analysis showed that the specimen was mainly characterized with dynamic recovery (DRV) at 850 °C, and the characteristic of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was enhanced with deformation temperature increasing to 950 and 1050 °C, then flow curves presented steady state with characteristic of DRV at 1150 and 1250 °C. Microstructure analysis exhibited the austenite DRX at deformation temperatures of 1050 and 1150 °C. The specimens deformed at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1250 °C and strain rate of 0.005 s-1presented active-transpassive behavior, indicating faster corrosion rate compared with the as-received, which can be attributed to more ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ) grain boundaries or δ/γ phase boundaries formation.


How can the engagement levels of students who are overwhelmed by the jump to university teaching methods be improved? Holistic curriculum design, synoptic assessment and interactive teaching have been used effectively. Engagement has improved and key academic and employability skills have been developed which help them transition into level 5.


In this paper, we address exponential stablization of transmission problem of the wave equation with dynamical boundary conditions. Using the classical energy method and multiplier technique, we prove that the energy of system exponentially decays.


© 2012 Marsili et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. "Test Tube Cetaceans": From the Evaluation of Susceptibility to the Study of Genotoxic Effects of Different Environmental Contaminants Using Cetacean Fibroblast Cell Cultures


Abstract This paper presents a robustness-enhanced adaptive control scheme and application to an experiment for the focusing of an optical read-write head for optical data storage drives. Minimum-variance adaptive controllers have applied recursive least-squares algorithms to predict output disturbance and dynamically compute control commands to minimize the output error. This existing adaptive control could become unstable when significant modeling errors and uncertainties exist. An extension is made to the existent adaptive control scheme to achieve robust stability while minimally sacrificing the control performance. Simulation and experiment conducted on the optical focusing of a digital video recording drive's read-write head demonstrate that the proposed robustness enhancement adaptive control scheme is effective in achieving stability and performance while the existing adaptive control fails.


In this study, we focus on the melodies of Japanese folk songs, and examine the basic structures of Japanese folk songs that represent the characteristics of different regions. We sample the five largest song genres within the music corpora of the Nihon Min-yo Taikan (Anthology of Japanese Folk Songs), consisting of 202,246 tones from 1,794 song pieces from 45 prefectures in Japan. Then, we calculate the probabilities of 24 transition patterns that fill the interval of the perfect fourth pitch, which is the interval that maintains most of the frequency for one-step and two-step pitch transitions within 11 regions, in order to determine the parameters for cluster analysis. As a result, we successively classify the regions into two basic groups, eastern Japan and western Japan, which corresponds to geographical factors and cultural backgrounds, and also match accent distributions in the Japanese language.


PURPOSE
To analyze the efficacy of adriamycin (ADM) combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with osteosarcoma.

METHODS
A total of 72 patients with osteosarcoma were selected and divided into the control group (n=36) and the observation group (n=36). Patients in the control group were treated with ADM, while those in the observation group received HIFU in addition to ADM. The efficacy and adverse reactions in the observation and control group were compared.

RESULTS
The response rate and disease control rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the survival rate at year 1 after treatment between the two groups, but the observation group had overtly higher survival rates at years 2 and 3 after treatment in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). There was no obvious difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the observation and control group. After treatment, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-8 in the observation group were clearly higher than those in the control group. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine (Cr) in the observation and control group showed no significant differences. Compared with the control group, ALP level was significantly decreased in the observation group (p<0.05). The limb function and psychological behavior after treatment in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The application of ADM combined with HIFU is conducive to improving efficacy on osteosarcoma, prolonging survival and improving prognosis.


Based on analysis of the factual production for auto accessories enterprise, it establishes two intelligent production scheduling models such as flux model composed of the task pipes and process-based three-dimensional body model, proposes the vector representation and optimization strategy, discusses the optimization object. Finally, it presents the object function of intelligent optimization.


Using DNA methylation and gene expression profiling of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples, Schmid et al. find that the dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP4 gene is highly methylated in nodal and extranodal DLBCL cases, which correlates with loss of DUSP4 expression. Low DUSP4 expression represents a negative prognostic factor in patient cohorts. Ectopic DUSP4 expression inhibits JNK signaling and induces apoptosis in DLBCL cells. This effect can be phenocopied by JNK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.


The South West scheme is an important part of the development of the Swedish national grid and is a key facility to enable the production of renewable energy, in accordance with Swedish and EU energy policy. It will reinforce the AC network, increase operational reliability, and deal with transmission limitations in southern Sweden and between Sweden and Norway. The paper describes the first phase of the project, which will consist of a new AC transmission line from Hallsberg, in central Sweden, to Barkeryd and a HVDC link from Barkeryd to Hurva, close to Malmo in southern Sweden. The HVDC scheme consists of two parallel links, each of 720MW capacity, operating at a DC voltage of ±300kV. The DC transmission system of each link comprises 190 km of XPLE underground cables plus 60km of overhead line, supplied under separate contracts. The paper describes the design of the converter stations, which are being built using Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) technology. Each station will be configured as a symmetrical monopole, thus each circuit has two HV conductors (+ve and -ve), but there is no neutral or ground conductor. Phase 2 of the project will see a western extension of the HVDC line from Barkeryd to Tveiten in Norway to create a multi-terminal DC system. The design of the Barkeryd station allows for the future connection of underground cables, with minimal disruption to the operation of Phase 1. As part of the Phase 1 contract, Alstom Grid is designing the control and protection system suitable for multi-terminal operation when the future Tveiten station is brought into service, even if built by another vendor. (5 pages)


In order to estimate the ventilation of vehicle pollution within street canyons, a wind tunnel experiment and a large eddy simulation (LES) was performed. A model of an idealised urban area with apartment houses arranged to courtyards was designed according to common Central European cities. In the wind tunnel, we assembled a set-up for simultaneous measurement of vertical velocity and tracer gas concentration. Due to the vehicle traffic emissions modelling, a new line source of tracer gas was designed and built into the model. As a computational model, the LES model solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations was used. In this paper, we focused on the street canyon with the line source situated perpendicular to an approach flow. Vertical and longitudinal velocity components of the flow with the pollutant concentration were obtained from two horizontal grids placed in different heights above the street canyon. Vertical advective and turbulent pollution fluxes were computed from the measured data as ventilation characteristics. Wind tunnel and LES data were qualitatively compared. A domination of advective pollution transport within the street canyon was determined. However, the turbulent transport with an opposite direction to the advective played a significant role within and above the street canyon.


Prince William County, Virginia received national attention when county lawmakers voted in July 2007 to enact one of the nation's most sweeping anti-immigrant resolutions. Help Save Manassas, a local anti-immigration group, assumed a prominent role in the county's immigration debate and in leading the charge for local government action. An analysis of Help Save Manassas' newsletters reveals the role of extreme speech in social change. By linking patriotism to an anti-immigration stance, many of the perspectives expressed in the newsletters achieved legitimacy in the public sphere, ultimately influencing public policy. This case study reveals one strategy by which extremist groups make their views mainstream and in so doing underscores the importance of attending to the vernacular of conservative counterpublics.


In this paper, the characterization and design of 30 GHz two-lens and lens-fed reflector antenna systems is presented. In this approach, a hyperhemispherical substrate lens feeds either a larger but thin hyperbolic lens or a parabolic reflector. The attractive feature of these two-antenna systems is that it leads to a 75% reduction of the lens material, while maintaining about the same length and on-axis characteristics as the single lens antenna. In these two-antenna systems, limited scan capability is possible which can lead to relaxed alignment requirements between a receiver and a transmitter for line-of-sight broadband wireless links.


While there has been extensive commentary and research on issues relating to student academic integrity, the behavior (or misbehavior) of faculty has been less explored. Research misconduct and misbehavior is shaped by environmental forces acting at four distinct levels: individual, organizational, educational system, and social (Anderson, 2011; see also Bertram Gallant & Kalichman, 2011). This chapter explores the current climate in higher education whereby academics are under increasing pressure to publish, and how this pressure impacts standards of ethical conduct in academic publishing in the online environment. The chapter argues that to maintain integrity in online publishing environments, there needs to be a multi-stakeholder approach that encompasses each of the environmental levels, from educational policy makers, to senior managers, to teaching academics and advisors, to editors and finally to individual researchers/authors. In addition to recognizing the value of including standard protocols in online journals' instructions to authors, this chapter makes the case for a politicized response to the seemingly limitless pressure on academics to prove their worth by measuring their intellectual outputs.


Human life history is unique in the great length of its juvenile, or immature, period. This lengthened period1 is often attributed to the time required for youth to master the culture, particularly subsistence and survival skills. But studies in increasing number show that children become skilled well before they gain complete independence and adult status. As children learn through play and participation in the domestic economy, they seem to be acquiring a "reserve capacity" of skills and knowledge that may not be fully employed for many years. To resolve this paradox, the theory offered here poses that this reserve capacity of children, both individually and collectively, can be rapidly activated to offset a shortfall in familial resources brought on by crises such as the loss of older family members. Additionally, social forces engendered by war, disease, famine, and economic change may lead to the wholesale recruitment of children into the labor force—with consequent attenuation of the developmental opportunities of an extended juvenility. In effect, humans display a primary life history strategy and an accelerated strategy with a shortened period of dependency. A wide array of cases from anthropology and history will be offered in support of this proposal.


The limits of narrowband Brillouin gain for improving the carrier to noise ratio (CNR) of spectral lines is evaluated for 64-QAM communications. Calculations of the change in CNR for practical gain, noise, and bandwidth parameters indicate the maximum obtainable CNR enhancement factor and output CNR as being ≈25 dB and ≈40∼43 dB/0.1 nm, respectively, limited by the narrowness of the Brillouin gain bandwidth and Brillouin amplifier noise, respectively. These limits determined from the relative power suppression of out of band noise contained within a 10 GHz channel bandwidth are relevant to spectral line amplification either before data modulation at the transmitter, or for a local oscillator (LO) at the receiver for coherent detection. A calibration measurement of the bit error rate (BER) of a 48 Gb/s 64-QAM signal versus CNR of a LO loaded with ASE noise is used to extrapolate the BER from the calculated CNR for Brillouin gain. The results predict the BER being minimally degraded for an input CNR of ≈>20 dB/0.1 nm and falling below the hard decision FEC limit for an input CNR as low as ≈0 dB/0.1 nm. The estimates are found consistent with 64-QAM signal experiments of pilot tone carrier recovery by Brillouin gain for both single channel and WDM cases. The insight aids the design and estimation of achievable performance improvement for applying Brillouin amplifiers to coherent communications.


This paper analyzes the safety management situation of current hazardous chemicals,and proposes practical safety management measures for hazardous chemicals,which has certain significance for the safety management of hazardous chemicals.


The structures of aggregates of a clay, sodium bentonite, formed during the rapid (diffusion-limited) aggregation of a destabilised colloidal suspension have been studied using a combination of three experimental techniques. The first two of these were static and dynamic (quasi-elastic) light-scattering measurements, while the third involved rheological studies. The system was studied as a function of the pH of the aggregating suspension, between pH 2.3 and 10.2. Analysis of the light-scattering results leads directly to a determination of the fractal dimension, df, of the aggregates formed. The value of df for the aggregates showed a rapid transition from 3.0 below pH 4.3, to 1.8 above pH 4.3. This implied a close-packed structure for aggregates formed under highly acidic conditions, but a more open one in less acidic and in slightly alkaline suspensions. Rheological measurements showed minima in the Bingham yield stresses for both aggregated and unaggregated bentonite suspensions, at the cross-over point, pH 4.3, between the two structures. In addition, the ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus took only two values: a higher one below pH 4.3, and a lower one above pH 4.3. It was concluded that hetero-flocculation is induced in the aggregation of sodium bentonite below a certain acidity, resulting in aggregates which have a card-house, as opposed to band-like, structure. Furthermore, these open aggregates showed more viscous, and less elastic, behaviour than those with a higher fractal dimension.


The human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone receptor family involved in regulating gametogenesis. When hFSH binds to its receptor it triggers the production of cAMP via adenylate cyclase and causes the activation of MAP kinases like p38 and ERK1/2. The goal of these experiments was to determine if MAP kinase activation was dependent on cAMP activation of protein kinase A. To characterize the role of PKA we used the inhibitor H89 and then investigated p38 and ERK1/2 activation in response to FSH. No effect was seen from H89 on p38 and ERK1/2 activation. In other labs, beta‐arrestin has been implicated as a potential activator of ERK1/2. To determine the role of beta‐arrestin in FSH induced MAP kinase activation we used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knockdown beta‐arrestin 1 and 2. When beta‐arrestin was knocked down ERK 1/2 activation was decreased and activation of p38 was unchanged. This suggests that there are two different activation pathways for p38 and p44/42. Understanding the mechanism of activation of the MAP kinases could lead to future advances in contraception or therapies for improvement of fertility.


This report describes the predicted chemical concentrations in the blowdown of the proposed Vienna Unit No. 9. Effects studied include concentration of river salts, dissolved oxygen, waste water system discharges, scale formation chemicals, chlorine and corrosion products.


To assess the functional capacity of the heterogeneous FcyRll (CD32) family and to identify critical regions for functioning, we generated a panel of B-cell transfectants. The FcyR-negative B-cell line llA1.6 was transfected with wildtype or mutant human FcyRlla and Ilb molecules. Solely FcyRlla-expressing llA1.6 cells were capable of phagocytosing opsonized Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and crosslinking of FcyRlla triggered a rapid induction of tyrosine phosphorylation after 20 seconds. Analysis of FcyRlla mutants identified the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM; previously described  as  ARH-1 motif) within the Ila cytoplasmic tail to be critical for B-cell activation. In contrast, FcyRllb isoforms triggered tyrosine phosphorylation on cross-linking with much slower kinetics (>3


This article examines the cultural, economic and political pressures and influences that determined the adoption of the 'European' technical system of digital radio in the UK. Debates over the potential of the new technology to expand both programming content and the range of individuals, companies and organizations with access to radio broadcasting were curtailed in favour of a bureaucratic and technocratic approach to media policy and a desire by the European Commission to establish a new product for the consumer electronics market that would be developed and made in Europe. The article shows that the development of the new system resulted in a 'forced marriage' between the BBC and the commercial sector and that the convergence between DAB and other 'platforms' has profound implications for the relationship between public service broadcaster, government and industry. Furthermore, in order to encourage the larger commercial radio groups to commit themselves to the new technology, they were granted new and unprecedented control over content regulation. This had the effect of further consolidating the hold of dominant interests in the UK radio sector and stifling new initiatives and approaches to the medium. Finally, the article analyses the extent to which DAB digital radio has succeeded in establishing itself in the UK media landscape against strong competition from other, converging technologies.


The Green River is a major tributary of the Colorado River with a drainage area of 115 770 km2 in Colorado, Utah and Wyoming. The influence of Flaming Gorge Dam on sediment transport and the potential for future channel change were studied using comparative analysis of historical aerial photographs from 1952 to 1987 and geographical information systems, published sediment (1951-86) and discharge (1965-87) records, and sediment data collected during 1986-8. Since the closure of the dam in 1964, new equilibrium channel widths were apparently achieved by 1974 in the reach 161-279 km below Flaming Gorge Reservoir and by 1981 in the reach 465-509 km below the reservoir. Recent high flows have resulted in an increase in average channel width in both reaches as measured on aerial photographs taken in 1986 and 1987. Sediment data from US Geological Survey gauges on the Green River and its primary tributaries and three sites established on the Green River for this study suggest that bed material sediment transport in the Green River has now attained a quasi-equilibrium, with the river transporting just the load supplied to it. The potential for future channel changes exists, as evidenced by the response of the channel (i.e. channel widening) to the increased flows during 1983, 1984 and 1986. Future adjustments in channel characteristics should be limited to responses to changes in discharge and sediment supply and transport in the basin.


The Next‐To‐Minimal‐Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) has been in the focus of extensive studies in the past two decades. In anticipation of the LHC era, the interest in automatized tools that can calculate collider signatures has grown. We present the implementation of the NMSSM into the event generator WHIZARD. In addition to a brief review of the implementation, we discuss the testing and validation procedure. Phenomenological studies will not be presented here.


This paper aims in disseminating the work in progress done for the implementation of the project Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment, funded from the 6 Research Framework Program (FP6) of the EU, in the Greek Study Site of Thermaikos Gulf and in discussing the problems encountered at the course of materializing the innovating proposed system approach. The broad objective of the project is to develop a common ICZM methodology that can be implemented to various coastal zones through Europe. The aim of the applied methodology is to identify the interactive linkages between the ecological, economical and social components of each system in order to support decision-making processes that are improving the sustainability of Coastal Systems. The specific policy issue selected for the Greek reference area is the sustainable management of mussel culture in the Chalastra region.


It is well-known how sequencing technologies propelled cellular biology research in the latest years, giving an incredible insight into the basic mechanisms of cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing is at the front in this field, with Single-cell ATAC sequencing supporting it and becoming more popular. In this regard, multi-modal technologies play a crucial role, allowing the possibility to perform the mentioned sequencing modalities simultaneously on the same cells. Yet, there still needs to be a clear and dedicated way to analyze this multi-modal data. One of the current methods is to calculate the Gene Activity Matrix, which summarizes the accessibility of the genes at the genomic level, to have a more direct link with the transcriptomic data. However, this concept is not well-defined, and it is unclear how various accessible regions impact the expression of the genes. Therefore, this work presents a meta-analysis of the Gene Activity matrix based on the Genomic-Annotated Gene Activity Matrix model, aiming to investigate the different influences of its contributions on the activity and their correlation with the expression. This allows having a better grasp on how the different functional regions of the genome affect not only the activity but also the expression of the genes.


Discussion.-Mr. P. B. ROTH said he would ask, What was a thumb ? He thought this child had thumbs, which happened to have an extra phalanx, and that was why they looked so peculiar. He did not agree with Mr. Ogilvie that no small muscles of the thumb were present. If that was the case, how could opposition be possible ? Yet opposition was made with the little finger. The flexor brevis was also.present. Mr. OGILVIE, in reply to Mr. Roth, said that the digit in question was the same in diameter as a finger, the angle at which it was set was the same, it had the phalanges and the metacarpal of a finger, the long muscles were those of a finger, not of a thumb, and it had an opponens. The presence of the flexor brevis was somewhat doubtful. Nine out of ten features pointed to the digit's being a finger, not a thumb.


The cyclocondensation of 3-amino-2-iminonaphtho[1,2-d]thiazole (1) with a series of α-keto mono- and dicarboxylic acid derivatives 5a-i under different conditions was investigated. When the experiments were performed by refluxing in glacial acetic acid, the corresponding cyclized products, 2-substituted 3-oxo-3H-naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazines 4 were obtained in fair to good yields. On the other hand, when the reaction was conducted in boiling ethanol, it gave only the open chain condensates 6, or in rare cases, together with minor amount of 4. Since the intermediates 6 exist as mixture of both E- and Z-isomers, cyclization through heating was found insufficient. In any event representative compounds 4b,g,i have been evaluated for anti-HIV activity, but none of them were active.


This study was realized in Minatitlán, Veracruz during a cholera outbreak. 169 rectal swabs were taken from hilles and their contacts. They were transfer alkaline peptone water for enrichment to V. cholerae and incubated for 8 hrs to 37 degrees C, 70 were positive for V. cholerae in both techniques. The coagglutination was done with a reagent prepared at the Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos of México and the culture were also performed in the same Institute. We obtained 100% of sensitivity and specificity of co-agglutination in relation with culture. This results gave the possibility to use this kind or reagents for a rapid presumptive diagnosis of cholera.


Abstract : Atom-metal surface overlap integrals are of utmost importance in surface energy calculations. Direct numerical evaluation of these triple integrals can be very time consuming. However, we have developed an exact algebraic expression, where formulas for the coefficients are given for both the general case and the special case where the parallel wavevector is zero. Some numerical examples of the overlap for H on A1 are given. Addiitonal keywords: Wave functions. (Author)


Despite similarities between sexism, racism, sexual prejudice, ageism, classism, and religious intolerance, investigators do not routinely investigate these intolerant beliefs simultaneously. The purpose of this project was to create a brief, psychometrically sound measure of intolerance reflecting these 6 constructs. Data from existing measures (Attitudes Toward Women Scale, Neosexism Scale, Modern and Old-Fashioned Racism Scale, Modern Homophobia Scale, Frabroni Scale of Ageism, Economic Beliefs Scale, and M-GRISM) and from items created by the authors were obtained from several college samples to create the Intolerant Schema Measure (ISM). Results support the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and factor structure of the questionnaire. Expected relationships between measured concepts, social dominance, social desirability, and across key demographic groups support the validity of the instrument. jasp_528 2321..2354 Intolerance toward others is an important problem in today's society. Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination are three facets of intolerance that serve to oppress members of multiple minority groups (Lott & Maluso, 1995). More specifically, the intolerance of "other"—or those who are somehow different from a majority group—is a belief that allows for injustice and inequality between groups of people. When we are intolerant of others at the individual level, it maintains systematic oppression and ultimately silences the oppressed group (Lott & Maluso, 1995). There are many forms of intolerance, including sexism, racism, sexual prejudice (a preferred concept and term, in comparison to homophobia; Herek, 2000), ageism, classism, and religious intolerance. While intolerance is 1


We consider the fluid motion induced when an elliptic cylinder performs small-amplitude torsional oscillations about an axis parallel to a generator which passes through either the centre or a point on the major or minor axis of the ellipse. In common with other fluid flows dominated by oscillatory motion, a time-independent, or steady streaming flow develops. This steady streaming exhibits several unusual and unexpected features, which are confirmed by experiment.


Andrew Hantel's proposal for dealing with cancer drug shortages exemplifies the kind of clinician-led discussion of rationing the U.S. political process requires. I argue that the U.S. will not get a grip on healthcare cost escalation until we set true budgets for healthcare. We will not be able to do that until the public accepts that rationing, done right, is an ethical necessity, not an ethical abomination. Because endorsing rationing is a third rail for politicians, "top down" leadership is currently impossible. As a result, health professionals must lead a "bottom up" educational process. Hantel shows how this can be done.


Background: Population explosion in developing countries is the major problem which neutralizes all the gains and developments achieved in the country. In India, in spite of availability of many contraceptive techniques, the couple protection rate continues to be inadequate. The objective of the study was to compare the fertility behavior of men and women in terms of awareness, preferred and intended use of contraceptives. Methods: Community-based longitudinal study was conducted among 667 couples in four randomly selected slum areas of Chandigarh using a two-stage systematic sample design. Data was collected using a predesigned and pretested semi-structured interview schedule conducting house-to-house survey. Impact of interventions in the form of health education was assessed at the end of follow-up. Results: There were 193 (28.9%) female respondents married before attaining 18 years of age. Medium ages at marriage for women were found to be 18 years. Majority, 91 (13.6%) women delivered first baby prior to 18 years of age. Age wise contraceptive prevalence rate was found to be maximum (66.2%) among women aged 36-49 years. Contraceptive use was more common in case of nuclear families (60.4%) and in case of improvident maternity (65.3%). Overall awareness of contraceptives among couples was found to be among 545 (81.7%) couples whereas, only 382 (57.3) were using contraceptives currently. Conclusions: Migratory couples, having at least one female child, and with history of still births were more likely to use contraceptives. Interventions in the form of health education have some positive role in increasing contraceptive awareness and current as well as intended uses of contraception.


I-shaped beam is mainly adopted as the walking girder profile in single beam cranes which are currently used. The girder of the I-shaped beam has many advantages. However, the girder of I-shaped beam also has the following defects in actual use, namely the weight is heavy, external components are conflicted with monorail easily, monorail derailment occurs, etc. A lifting system with built-in crane girder and built-in driving crane as the main structure is designed and studied in order to make up for the defects of I-shaped beam structure. The I-shaped beam track is designed into a steel channel composite ([]-shaped) track. A built-in flat wheel trolley is used for driving in the track instead of me-shaped beam monorail crane. The steel channel composite beam crane undergoes factory loading test and stress-strain analysis in order to better analyse and collect structure optimization data, and its feasibility and practicability are verified by experimental data. The advantages of the steel channel composite beam crane structure are summarized, and the future built-in crane lifting system is prospected finally.


With the developments in power electronic devices, there is increasing use of the insulated gate bipolar transistor devices in power converters. Power converters are more and more gaining attention in the wind energy conversion system. In this article, a grid-connected wind energy conversion system is considered. Wind energy conversion system optimal operation requires a diagnostic method for back-to-back power converter to be addressed in detail in this article. Therefore, an open-circuit switching fault diagnosis method for a back-to-back power converter is developed to improve the system reliability and optimize the produced power and also achieve its real operational cost. In this work, we investigate only the DC-Link voltage signal and we use the time–frequency analysis to achieve the diagnosis purpose. The scheduled diagnosis approach is divided into two tasks: the first one is the fault detection task and the second one is the fault localization task. The main novelty of the proposed diagnosis approach is to localize the appropriate faulty power converter, that is, rotor side power converter or grid side power converter. Also, this approach is able to localize faults when there is a simultaneous fault on both power converters. Simulations are carried out to verify the robustness of the proposed diagnosis approach. The achieved simulation results would help in diagnosing of Back-to-back power converter that would expectedly cancel the traditional diagnosis method.


Biofuel is a fuel made directly or indirectly from organic materials - biomass, consisting of two main sources from plants and animal waste, not from fossil sources such as oil, coal. At present, biofuels account for about 20% of global energy consumption. Particularly there are some countries, the use of biofuels is even bigger, such as Germany, Brazil, India ..., these are the leading countries in proving the availability and superiority of biofuels. Because fossil energy reserves are declining rapidly, as well as their use which has many consequences for habitat, bioenergy is an inevitable development for the future. Some typical types of biofuels that are widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, syngas, solid biomass fuels. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of transport (gasoline and motor vehicles). Diesel engine has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch, animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents the heating methods for the use of high-viscosity fuels for diesel engines.


The medial patellofemoral ligament is commonly torn in first patella dislocation and according to the literature occurs most frequently at the femoral insertion. As research has demonstrated the MPFL to be a primary soft tissue stabilizer of the patella there has been increased interest in acute repair of the ligament with the aim of reducing the risk of recurrent dislocation. MRI is generally used pre op to identify the site of rupture allowing planning of the surgical repair, however there is currently no published data regarding the correlation between surgical and MRI findings to confirm the reliability of this modality of imaging. A retrospective analysis of all patients who were referred for MRI following patella dislocation was performed. The surgical and MRI findings of those who subsequently underwent MPFL repair were compared to look for any correlation. 41 patients were first time patella dislocators and 38 had MPFL rupture diagnosed on MRI. Of these 19 progressed to surgical intervention and 17 had adequate data available from the notes and to permit comparison. All of the MPFLs ruptured at the patella insertion. In 76.5% (13/17) of patients the site of MPFL rupture was correctly identified on MRI scan. Of those that were discordant 3/4 had the site of rupture identified as the femoral insertion on MRI and on 1/4 the MRI suggested rupture at both the femoral and patella insertions. MPFL rupture is common in first time dislocations occurring in 93%% of this cohort. There was a clear predominance patella insertion rupture in our study which contrasts with the majority of the published literature. By correlating surgical and radiological findings we can conclude that while MRI can accurately diagnose MPFL rupture at the patella insertion but it is less accurate in identifying rupture at the femoral insertion.


volves percutaneous drainage by interventional radiology. Type C collections are a combination of types A and B and are thus best managed by dual modality drainage (endoscopic and percutaneous). Lastly, type D collections, located in the root of the mesentery, are best managed with primary surgical necrosectomy. Although further studies on such a management algorithm are certainly warranted, we feel that the institution of something of this nature would simplify an otherwise complicated disease process and allow for expedited, high-quality care to be provided to patients experiencing a morbid ailment.


The effects of coupling agent and regenerating agent on the properties of vulcanized rubber powder/polypropylene composites were studied. It showed that the coupling agent increased both the impact strength and the flowability of the composites but decreased the tensile strength greatly. The devulcanization and micronization of vulcanized rubber powder were achieved by the incorporation of regenerating agent, as the result, the impact strength and tensile strength were simultaneously improved.


The experiment studied the synergetic effect of casein and its enzymatic hydrolysate in combination with ascorbic acid and β-carotene in slowing down the oxidation of linoleic acid in model oxidation systems. The obtained results indicate that the antioxidant efficiency of applied antioxidants depends on the type of the system in which the lipid oxidation occurs and from the mechanism of oxidation (autooxidation, photosensitization, oxidation by lipooxygenase). For the applied preparations the best antioxidant activities were obtained for emulsion system of linoleic acid in the reaction of the autooxidation, where the co-operation between antioxidants of different physical properties and mechanisms of the antioxidant action in various emulsion phases was possible.


The stress around the hole of a finite plate on the basis of the elastic complex function theory was studied.The mathematical models corresponding to different stress states was establied.Hole optimal parameters and principles for material selection are derived,these are general conclusions for isotropic elastic materials and convenient for engineering application.


Presently,the teachers'constitution of"the situation and policy"course is complex,the teachers' level is irregular.These have seriously influenced the reaching level and quality of"the situ- ation and policy"course,at the same time,weakened ideological and political education function to uni- versity students.In order to change this kind of condition,I have discussed how to strengthen teachers' teams construction of"the situation and policy"course in universities from the feasibility、the possibility and the necessity of establishing a relative stable teachers'teams.


Consider a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) where packet transmissions occur between mobile nodes. Such a network requires that the nodes act as relays to form multi-hop routes connecting the origin-destination node pairs that are out of radio transmission range with respect to each other. If the nodes do not to belong the same authority, then the nodes must be given an incentive to spend their resources (battery power and transmission bandwidth) in forwarding packets that originate at other nodes. This can be done by introducing a credit balance for each node, where the nodes use credits to pay for the costs of sending their own traffic, and earn credits by forwarding traffic from other nodes. This paper presents several variants of a credit-based incentive scheme (protocol) to promote collaboration in MANETs. The variants address the fairness of the scheme, namely (1) to assist those nodes that are under-provided with credits: such nodes may lack the credits necessary to transmit their data, and (2) to protect those nodes that are over-provided with credits: such nodes may, to their own detriment, provide too large a proportion of their resources to the community. We first present two basic incentive schemes: the first scheme does not regulate the willingness of the nodes to forward packets on behalf of other nodes; the second scheme contains such a regulatory mechanism. We next focus on protocols whose design lies between the two basic schemes. Both the origin pays and the receiver pays protocols are investigated. Both constant and congestion-related resource prices are investigated. Initial simulation experiments indicate that both the origin pays and the receiver pays protocol with a credit distribution and discounting (redistribution) mechanism is sufficient to afford a reasonably fair allocation of flows in the network.


We regret to announce the death of Captain A. T. Campbell, which occurred at his house in Belmont Gardens, Glasgow, on 22nd February. A native of Argyllshire, Mr. Campbell came to Glasgow for the study of medicine, and took the degrees of M.B., C.M. at Glasgow University in 1886. He began practice in the city two years later, and rapidly acquired for himself a prominent position in the north-western district. The time which his busy practice left at his disposal he gave to the work of the various professional organisations, in all of which he occupied positions of distinction. He held at different periods the offices of President of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Branch of the


Objective:To assess the effect of localization of cerebral stroke on cardiac damages and cardiac autonomic nervous activity.Methods:ECG,plasma CK-MB level and heart rate variability(HRV) recordings were measured and analysed among 389 patients with hemispheric cerebral stroke in the acute phase and among 206 control subjects.Results:Supraventricular arrhythmias and prolonged QTc were significantly increased in groups of right insular infarction,fight putamental and frontoparietotemporal hemorrhage as compared with groups of stroke in other regions.A significantly increased rates of ST segment abnormalities were found in groups of left insular infarction,left putamental and frontoparietotemporal hemorrhage as compared with groups of stroke in other regions.Plasma CK-MB level increase was only found in insular infarction,and similarity was seen between the right and left.The measured components of HRV,ie,HF,RMSSD,and PNN50 were significantly lower,and LF/HF were significantly higher in groups of right insular infarction,right putamental and frontoparietotemporal hemorrhage in acute phase compared with groups of stroke in other regions and control group.Conclusion:The effects of hemispheric stroke on heart function and cardiac autonomic nervous activity are mainly correlated with destruction of insular or regions adjacent to the insular.


Meat Import Act of 1979 - Limits the maximum aggregate quantity of specified meat articles which may be entered or withdrawn from warehouses, for consumption in the customs territory of the United States in any calendar year after 1978 to 1,204,600,000 pounds, adjustable according to a specified formula. Excludes from the domestic commercial production factor in such formula the carcass weight of live cattle specified in certain Tariff Schedules. Requires a further adjustment of such annual aggregate quantity by multiplying it by a ratio of: (1) the average annual per capita production of domestic cow beef during a calendar year (as estimated) and the four preceding calendar years; (2) to the average annual per capita production of domestic cow beef in the calendar year (as estimated) and the preceding calendar year. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture, for each calendar year after 1979, to estimate and publish the aggregate quantity of meat articles prescribed for such year as well as the quantity that would be entered into the United States but for the limitations. Directs the President to limit by proclamation the total quantity of meat articles entered into the United States, whenever such quantity equals or exceeds 110 percent of the Secretary's estimate. Requires the termination of any limitation as of the first day of a calendar quarter, under most circumstances, if before such quarter the aggregate quantity is less than 110 percent of the Secretary's estimate. Permits the President to increase or decrease meat imports in certain circumstances. Allows the President to suspend any proclamation concerning meat import limitations if: (1) a period of national emergency is declared; or (2) supplies are inadequate because of a natural disaster to meet demand at reasonable prices. Prohibits such suspension or increase from extending beyond the termination of the national emergency. Requires the Secretary to allocate the entry quota of meat articles proclaimed by the President among supp


The present work deals with fundamental problems around bone bonding mechanism. Different sorts of biomaterials: inert, bioactive and metals are discussed. The importance of surface properties of biomaterials, as, e.g., zeta potential, is of utmost importance to understand the bonding mechanism.


We congratulate Pereira et al. for their study investigating the role of obesity as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) using coronary computed tomography angiography. The study included 1,383 patients, none with a history of CAD.1 Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease, characterized by accumulation of subcutaneous and visceral fat, that predisposes individuals to metabolic disorders. Several mechanisms are involved in the association between obesity and atherosclerosis, including lipid abnormalities, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, reduction of fibrinolysis and hypercoagulability. In addition, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, MCP-1 and leptin contributes to chronic subclinical inflammation. More recent data have indicated that impaired autophagy and altered gut microbiome homeostasis are contributing factors for the development of atherosclerosis in obese individuals.2 In the study by Pereira et al.,1 the authors demonstrated, using coronary computed tomography angiography, that the prevalence of obstructive CAD was similar between obese and non-obese individuals, with a similar prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, mean calcium score was significantly higher in obese than non-obese subjects. Another important finding was that, after multivariate analysis, the clinical variables age, male sex and diabetes mellitus were associated with the presence of obstructive CAD. In this study, obesity was not correlated with CAD. In a recent publication by our group, we studied a large population of obese individuals without known CAD using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. We found that age, diabetes mellitus, typical chest pain, poor exercise capacity during stress test, need for pharmacological protocol and low left ventricular ejection fraction were associated with abnormal perfusion. In our study, we did not detect a higher percentage of perfusional abnormalities with increasing degree of obesity.3 It is unquestionable the association between obesity, atherosclerosis, and increased total and cardiovascular mortality; however, medical research on the theme has led to controversial results. The first controversy is whether obesity is an independent risk factor for CAD or merely a risk marker, as it is associated with many pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Prospective, cohort observational studies, such as the Framingham Study, the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study have demonstrated an almost linear relationship between a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and risk of CAD. Besides, the Framingham cohort study pointed towards obesity as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, although these findings were not confirmed by the Seven Countries Study.4 Another evidence for obesity as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis emerged from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. In this study, the researchers, through pathological examination, analyzed coronary arteries and aorta of young people aged 15 to 30, who had accidental deaths or committed suicide.The authors found that atherosclerosis starts early in life, and that obesity is associated with higher prevalence of coronary atherosclerotic lesions, such as fatty streaks, atheroma, and complex coronary lesions, especially in men.4 Another controversial point in the association between obesity and atherosclerosis is the "metabolically healthy obesity" phenotype, or MHO. The controversy starts with the MHO's definition, since the diagnostic criteria varied among the studies, resulting in variations in the 55


Sm-Nd isotopic studies were carried out to recognize and define two different groups of geologictectonic terranes of the eastern most part of the "Transversal Zone" (central sub-province) of the Borborema Province, northeast of the South American Platform. The first recognized group (I), formed by granitic orthogneisses and supracrustal rocks is the Alto Pajeu Terrane - APT - that exhibits an isotopic signature with T DM values between 2.28 and 1.37 Ga, high negative values for eNd(0) ( ; 0.12 that indicates a possible isotopic fractioning. The second group (II) is composed mostly by orthogneisses (a minor supracrustal belt -Sertânia complex), the Alto Moxoto Terrane -AMT - exhibits an isotopic signature with higher T DM values, between 3.0 and 2.0 Ga, very negative values for eNd , between -20 and -35, and 147Sm/144Nd lower than those of the group I, i.e. between 0.12 and 0.08. The eNd(t) values calculated for the assumed ages of both groups are respectively: group I eNd (950)= -14 up to +1.28; group II - eNd (2000) = -11.28 up to +1.73. Additionally, these distinct isotopic patterns worked out as a complementary tool for the geological mapping, as well as, they have gradually been reiterated by means of the study of the Brasiliano granitic plutonism (Ediacaran in age) that occurs piercing both, APT and AMT. Data obtained by other geochronological methods (U-PB and Rb-Sr) for this granites and for the pre-Brasiliano terranes themselves were in good agreement with these above discriminated patterns.


A method for providing customized look-and-feel contents of terminals includes: obtaining information about capabilities of a terminal; obtaining a look-and-feel content corresponding to the capability information; and sending the look-and-feel content to the terminal. A look-and-feel customization server includes: a capability information obtaining unit, configured to obtain information about capabilities of a terminal; a look-and-feel content obtaining unit, configured to obtain a look-and-feel content corresponding to the capability information; and a look-and-feel content sending unit, configured to send the look-and-feel content to the terminal. A look-and-feel customization system is also provided. According to the present invention, the efficiency of sending a look-and-feel content to the terminal is improved; the waste of network resources is avoided; and the user satisfaction with the look-and-feel customization service is improved.


To better grasp fish resources in JingPohu ,to targeted protection, march 2007-2009July we carried on the detailed investigation in various ways, such as capture of resource utilization, interview of neighboring farmer, trade survey market visit, specimen collection, and recorded totally 43 species ,belonging to 6 orders,13 families, accounting for 44.32% of the 97 kinds of the province. Among them, major economic fish have in all 15species .Several years'survey shows that fish resources are on a decreasing trend and indicates a few protective opinions.


The extension of the LOGO (Local Optimization for a Global Optimization) formula is necessary when network setting optimization for minimum BER needs to be applied to nonideal commercial amplifiers. In this paper we propose an analytical formula and its implementation in commercial network considering the dependence of the amplifiers Noise Figure from Gain. Experimental demonstrations are also presented.


This paper analyzes the developing status of the hydraulic support of the electro- hydraulic control system and describes the gaps of the hydraulic support between China and foreign countries.And the development tendency of hydraulic support is summarized.


OBJECT
No previous hypothesis has attempted to fully account for the occurrence of upper-limb palsy (ULP) after cervical laminoplasty. The authors propose that friction-generated heat from a high-speed drill may cause thermal injury to the nerve roots close to the drilled bone, which may then lead to ULP. The authors investigated the effect of cooling the saline used for irrigation during the drilling on the incidence of upper-limb (C-5) palsy following cervical laminoplasty.

METHODS
The irrigation saline for drilling was used at room temperature (RT, average temperature of 25.6°C) in operations of 79 patients (the RT group) and cooled to an average of 12.1°C in operations of 80 patients (the low-temperature [LT] group). The authors used a hand-held dynamometer to precisely assess muscle strength presurgery and 2 weeks postsurgery.

RESULTS
There was a 7.6% and 1.9% decrease in the strength of the deltoid muscle, a 10.1% and 4.4% decrease in the strength of the biceps brachii, a 1.3% and 0.6% decrease in the strength of the triceps brachii, and a 7.6% and 3.1% decrease in grip strength in the RT and LT groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that a significant predictor for decreased deltoid muscle strength was the use of irrigation saline at RT.

CONCLUSIONS
Using cooled irrigation saline during bone drilling significantly decreased the incidence of ULP and can thus be recommended as a simple method for the prevention of ULP.


The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9-I), evolocumab, reduced the risk of cardiovascular event in patients with peripheral artery disease in FOURIER trial. However, the effects of evolocumab on favorable limb outcomes in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) is still unclear.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of evolocumab on favorable limb outcomes and lipid profile in patients with CLI.

 This was a single center, prospective observational study. A total of 39 patients with CLI were enrolled between November 2016 to May 2019. The subjects were divided into 2 groups based on evolocumab administration: evolocumab-treated group: E group (mean 69.4±11.7 years, n=14) and evolocumab non-treated group: Non-E group (mean 74.0±8.8 years, n=25). Baseline characteristics were assessed at admission. Lipid profile was evaluated at admission, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. The primary outcome was defined 18-month amputation-free survival (AFS). The secondary outcomes were defined 18-month overall survival (OS) and wound-free limb salvage. Mean follow-up period was 18±11 months.

 The patients in E group had greater reduction in levels of LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol than those in Non-E group over time. The reduction in MDA-LDL level was maintained at 1, 3, 6, 12 months, respectively. The 18-month AFS rate in the E-group was significantly higher than those in the Non-E group (log-rank p=0.02). The patients receiving evolocumab had a lower hazard regarding AFS (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.94; P=0.043) and a higher proportion of wound-free limb salvage at 12 months (E group [92%] vs Non-E group [57%], P=0.034) and 18 months (92% vs 52%, P=0.03). Otherwise, evolocumab administration was not associated with 18-month OS (log-rank p=0.053).

 Evolocumab administration may be associated with the favorable outcome of 18-month AFS in the patients with CLI. Additionally, long-term administration of evolocumab over 12 months may improve wound-free limb salvage.
 Effects of evolocumab on limb outcomes

 Type of funding source: None


Objectives: EarlyCDT®-Lung may enhance detection of early stage lung cancer by aiding physicians in assessing high-risk patients through measurement of biological markers (i.e., autoantibodies). The test's performance characteristics in routine clinical practice were evaluated by auditing clinical outcomes of 1613 US patients deemed at high risk for lung cancer by their physician, who ordered the EarlyCDT-Lung test for their patient. Methods: Clinical outcomes for all 1613 patients who provided HIPAA authorization are reported. Clinical data were collected from each patient's treating physician. Pathology reports when available were reviewed for diagnostic classification. Staging was assessed on histology, otherwise on imaging. Results: Six month follow-up for the positives/negatives was 99%/93%. Sixty-one patients (4%) were identified with lung cancer, 25 of whom tested positive by EarlyCDT-Lung (sensitivity = 41%). A positive lood test umor-associated antigens EarlyCDT-Lung test on the current panel was associated with a 5.4-fold increase in lung cancer incidence versus a negative. Importantly, 57% (8/14) of non-small cell lung cancers detected as positive (where stage was known) were stage I or II. Conclusions: EarlyCDT-Lung has been extensively tested and validated in case–control settings and has now been shown in this audit to perform in routine clinical practice as predicted. EarlyCDT-Lung may be a complementary tool to CT for detection of early lung cancer. ©


The purpose of this study is to see how the Guessing Game affects the writing of descriptive texts in seventh grade students at SMPN 1 Beji. This study employs a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and employs pre-test and post-test. The experimental and control classes were used in this study. The sample for this study, as the experimental class was 7H, and as the control class was 7i. There are 34 students in each class. Using a pre-test and post-test as an instrument to collect data. The study's findings indicate that the guessing game is effective in helping grade 7 students write descriptive texts. This is demonstrated by the t-test calculation of 0.003, which is less than the significant level of 0.05 (0.003 0.05). Thus, It can be concluded that the guessing game method is effective in teaching descriptive text writing to 7th grade students at SMPN 1 Beji. There are several advantages to using guessing games, including the fact that the game is simple to play in class, students does not require many steps in writing. Furthermore, guessing games allow students to more easily write from what they have previously played.


The dielectric constant and loss in the anisotropic and normal liquid phases of anisal‐p‐aminoazobenzene were measured at frequencies of 6 and 24 kMc/sec. Measurements were made with an external magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the microwave electric field at both frequencies while the measurements in the presence of an external electric field were made at only 6 kMc/sec with the external electric field parallel to the microwave electric field. Results in the presence of an external magnetic field were similar to those for p‐azoxyanisole and anisaldazine which have a negative dielectric anisotropy. Measurements in the presence of an external electric field indicate that the alignment of the molecules due to low frequency ac fields is comparable to that produced by magnetic fields providing saturation is reached. Disturbances which were due to an electric field appeared to have an appreciable effect on the alighment when dc fields were applied, but this was not observed for ac fields with frequ...


changed considerably by 1995, a fact making the slow processes of data gathering, analysis, write-up and publication regrettable.) Firms are found to have been acting as if taking prices as given, while local authorities set prices and taxes so as to maximize revenue. The authors join other admirers of China's reforms in arguing that advisors misled East Europeans with assertions that rapid privatization and price reform provided the only acceptable options for a transition from socialism. While they find support for Kornai's contention that the unprofitable SOE received substantial state subsidies, they suggest that a rearranged public ownership in which large financial intermediaries closely monitor enterprise performance has as great a likelihood of success as diffuse private ownership through stockholding following the so-called Anglo-American model. Among the more interesting results of the study are those concerning bonuses and employment. The evidence that bonuses increased productivity appears in the early statistical analyses, and is moderated but not negated by later controlling for the possibility that more profitable enterprises paid larger bonuses. In the final, comprehensive model, a 1 yuan increase in the average bonus is found to generate a 6.7 yuan increase in output. This is especially interesting in view of the fact that bonuses were found to be given in a fashion that was not discriminating across workers in any one enterprise, and that worker earnings seemed if anything to be becoming more rather than less equal during the period of study. The result thus conforms more to repeated-game co-operation than to individualistic incentive models. It is unclear from the data, though, that the payment of bonuses depended heavily upon enterprise performance. Another intriguing finding is that the value of output generated by hiring an extra worker appeared far to exceed the hiring cost to the firm. Even if the extra 1,017 yuan of wages and bonuses were tripled by adding housing and other hidden costs (a quite generous counterfactual, since most scholars feel a doubling would be about enough), the extra 5,620 yuan of output would more than cover the cost. This finding mirrors a still unexplained result in a recent TVE study, contradicts the usual assumption that public firms pad employment and cries out for further work. Hay et al. do not explain this departure from what they judge qualitatively neoclassical behaviour, but their work contributes valuably to setting out the puzzle that future work must strive to explain. Louis PUTTERMAN


LORD KEYNES died just ten years after the publication of his great book, at the very peak of his professional and public career. Both his death, and the simultaneous conclusion of "the first Keynesian decade," make the preparation of the two volumes, here reviewed,' timely and a fitting tribute. No one man in the history of economics had so great an effect upon the minds and daily lives of so many people in so short a time as did Keynes. Although students have disagreed to a remarkable extent about which one of several possibilities is "the" crucial feature of the Keynesian Revolution, and although Keynes operated in only certain fields of economics, the reality of the revolution itself is beyond discussion'. Both the science and the art of economics, at least within capitalist societies, have been permanently changed and one can only say enormously advanced by his work. With respect to the major analytical concepts which Keynes developed or reformulated, it is almost as pointless to talk today of "pro-Keynesians" and "anti-Keynesians" as to say that particular individuals are for or against the multiplication table. The shapes and values to be assigned to particular relations, such as that of consumption to income; the particular analytical conclusions drawn, such as that concerning underemployment "equilibrium"; and above all the resulting policy proposals, such as those concerning government deficit spending these are another matter, and have precipitated tremendous amounts of discussion. But the very discussions themselves have been largely couched in Keynes' own terms, have been centered around his particular conceptions and formulations of the problems in issue, and in their whole character have differed in remarkable degree from those of the preceding periods. Dr. Klein's book is in the main a restatement and defense of Keynes' ideas, done with almost religious enthusiasm but nonetheless on a high level of scholarship. I have already tried parts of it in a graduate class, and found it extremely useful. It covers, if not always systematically, the whole range of Keynes' ideas on monetary and general economic analysis from his earliest writings, and touches on much of the relevant work of others. Perhaps the most illuminating sections are the chapter on Keynes as a classical economist, especially the sections on the Treatise; the summary of the argument of the General Theory; and the technical Appendix. The first of these undertakes, and with great success, to build a continuous bridge of ideas from the older forms of monetary theory to the equations of the Treatise, to explain each stage in terms of what had gone before, and to lead into the foundations of the General Theory. The Treatise equations are described as pretentious, and Hansen's criticism is of course admitted, but, it is argued (I think correctly) that they are not the essential contribution of the Treatise, and that their defects do not impair the determinacy of prices in the system which was here Keynes' main goal (pp. I 7, 24, and the Appendix). The Appendix is especially interesting for its examination of Pigou's attempt to rehabilitate the classical doctrine, at least for the problems of long-run equilibrium. The other chapters consist in the main of a relatively brief but excellent re-presentation of the essential analytical argument of the General Theory, largely as systematized and expanded by Keynes' followers (little is said of the confusions and contradictions of the General Theory itself!), and a series of reviews of certain of the main controversies. Despite Dr. Klein's almost excessive zeal in defending Keynes at some points (cf. p. I 54), and despite a certain lack of integration and order (surely Chapter V is misplaced?), the book is an important addition to the literature because, though hardly exhaustive, it brings much of the analytical content of the Keynesian discussions together in a compact ' Seymour E. Harris, editor, The New Economics (New York, I947); Lawrence R. Klein, The Keynesian Revolution (New York, I947).


Aim To evaluate the short term activity and toxicity of oxaliplatin-containing regimen in the patients with histologically confirmed recurrent,metastatic,or unresctable hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Twenty-four advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients were treated with the combination of L-OHP and CF/5-FU,namely L-OHP 130 mg·m-2,ivgtt,d1;CF 200mg,ivgtt,d1~5,5-FU400 mg·m-2,ivgtt,d1~5.The short-term activity and toxicity were studied after 2~3 times of treatment.Results Among them,no case was in complete response(CR),4 cases were in partical response(PR)(16.7%);15 cases were stable(SD)(60.8%);5 cases were in progress(PD)(24.5%).Total response rate(CR+PR) was 16.7%.The rate of descent of AFP was 70.8%.The major side effects were digestive tract side effect and lenkoopenia.Conclusion Oxaliplatin-containing regimen is a feasible systemic chemotherapy regimen that primarily shows promising antitumor activity,good safety and low toxicities for the patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.


Magnesium borate of the form Mg2B2O5 has been prepared and its structural and thermal properties were studied using X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. An investigation of the electrical and optical properties of Mg2B2O5 system has been carried out. The electrical resistivity of the sample was measured in the temperature range of 170–400 K. The data analysis revealed an extrinsic nature of the conductivity with two impurity levels located at 0.13 and 0.71 eV in the temperature ranges of 170–230 K and 240–400 K, respectively. The optical transmission and reflection was recorded at 300 K in the incident photon energy range of 3.0–6.0 eV. The absorption coefficient data analysis revealed an indirect optical energy band gap of 4.73 eV. In addition, two impurity levels located at 3.43, and 4.49 eV were observed in the absorption spectra. # 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The authors examine Graham Cassano's A New Kind Of Public and its effectiveness in providing a means of analyzing the rise and fall of Popular Front ideology in the 1930s and 1940s. Through the lens of Hollywood film, Cassano examines the changing values brought on by the New Deal and also their demise in the wake of World War II. The authors admire this work—particularly Cassano's willingness to use multiple theoretical perspectives to create a mosaic of analysis. However, this approach contains an embedded limitation. By engaging in a tight examination of representative films, the full force of Cassano's conclusions is somewhat muted.


Heavy metal is a source of environmental pollutant affecting the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The sources of heavy metal pollution are the industries, domestic sewage and landfills. Landfill operation is a sourceof heavy metal pollution which not only affected the biospehere, hydrospehere and athmosphere, but also the litosphere systems around it. This study aims to analyse the heavy metals concentration around the landifill vicinity for indication of heavy metal pollution. This study analysed the soil content of the heavy metal based on the distance and depth around the vicinity of the landfill. Field sampling of the soil and laboratory analysis were used. The field study involved 20 stations and 60 samples according to the wind directions: North, East, South and West.The analysis was conducted through the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Seven types of heavy metals were identified as indicators for pollution namely Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. The results indicated that the concentration of Fe was the most dominant per specific distances and depths and exceeded the DOE minimum standard (301 mg/L) in North, East and West directions. While Cu was the second most dominant, with concentraion exceeding minimum DOE standard (19.8 mg/L) per specific distance and depth, mainly in the West direction.