More than 30 years have elapsed since the first report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) was published in 1971. Since that publication, the ICTV recognizes about 1,550 virus species, but some 30,000 virus strains and isolates are being tracked by virologists in different fields of biology. The ICTV is the 'international court' of experts that rules on names and relationships of all virus, but only to the level of species. Virus taxonomy is changing rapidly, with changes ranging from the trivial(use of italics for species names) to profound reorganization driven by the explosion of sequence information. The universal system of viral taxonomy now accepts Linnean-like classification at the levels of order, family, subfamily, genus, and species. The suffix '-virales' identifies an order, Families are identified by the suffix '-viridae' subfamilies are identified by the suffix '-virinae', and genera are identified by the suffix '-virus'. The importance of distinguishing subspecies, strains, and isolates in vaccine development, diagnostics, etc. is recognized, but these lower levels are not formally classified by ICTV. This paper mainly introduces taxonomy and classification of animal viruses on the basis of the seventh report of the ICTV edited by Van Regenmortal et al. in 2000.


This paper analyzed the competitive pattern features of China's auto industry from competitive situation and industrial structure perspective. We found that the competition between alliances network which led by multinational corpora-tions,geographical segmentation of industrial distribution and low degree of market concentration are the main features. The various features reinforced mutually and formed detrimental constraints to the development of China's auto industry. The fi-nancial crisis provided an opportunity to change the adverse conditions for China's auto industry and the correct strategy decision is very important for success.


Iban tribe is one of Dayak sub tribe spread in Borneo island, incluring West Borneo. Who utilize plenty of plants in their daily life. People of Dayak Iban tribe in Mensiau Village oftently utilize plants as natural dyes for strings that are to be used to make weaves of tradisional clothes, and also as natural dyes for foods. The of research was to cognize the species of plants used as natural dyes and now they are processed. This research was conducted in April to Juni 2014. The method of respondents selection used in this research was snowball method. The result showed that there are 5 species of plants used as natural dyes for strings and clothings, which are Morinda citrifolia, Psychoteria sp, Marsdenia tinctoria, Beting and Jangau. There are also 2 species of plants used as natural dyes for foods, which are Curcuma domestica and Pandanus sp.


I/O data throughput remains a bottleneck in high-speed chip to chip data communication. This paper discusses the latest technical innovations in increasing the I/O bandwidth while reducing energy per transition. Both wireline techniques that include DSP processing and equalization, and wireless transmissions that include on-chip inductive and capacitive coupling are discussed and compared.


In this work the dynamics of very flexible aircraft are described by a set of nonlinear,
multi-disciplinary equations of motion. Primary structural components are
represented by a geometrically-exact composite beam model which captures the large
dynamic deformations of the aircraft and the interaction between rigid-body and elastic
degrees-of-freedom. In addition, an implementation of the unsteady vortex-lattice
method capable of handling arbitrary kinematics is used to capture the unsteady,
three-dimensional flow-field around the aircraft as it deforms. Linearization of this
coupled nonlinear description, which can in general be about a nonlinear reference
state, is performed to yield relatively high-order linear time-invariant state-space models.
Subsequent reduction of these models using standard balanced truncation results
in low-order models suitable for the synthesis of online, optimization-based control
schemes that incorporate actuator constraints. Predictive controllers are synthesized
using these reduced-order models and applied to nonlinear simulations of the plant
dynamics where they are shown to be superior to equivalent optimal linear controllers
(LQR) for problems in which constraints are active.


The NA62 experiment aims at measuring rare kaon decays, in order to precisely test the standard model. The RICH (Ring Imaging CHerenkov) detector of the experiment is instrumental in charged-particle identification and in measurement of their crossing time, with a resolution better than 100 ps. Here we describe the design of the Level-0 trigger system for the RICH, which provides a precise time reference by counting the input hit multiplicity within programmable fine-time windows. Since the design does not use spatial information and stands the maximum input rate of TDC-based NA62 systems, it can be deployed also in other subdetectors.


The experience of thermal-mining development of Yaregskoye field is considered. It is shown that improvement of such a development system allows significantly to reduce heavy oil recovery costs and to bring them to the production level of light oil in the future. It is noted that mining way of oil recovery can be applied at the light oil fields with the exhausted reservoir energy and a low gas-oil ratio.


Habitat use during calving and the energetically demanding post-parturition period can be an important determinant of neonatal survival. The moose (Alces alces) population in northeastern Minnesota, USA declined 65% from 2006 to 2018. During 2013–2015, annual survival of calves was estimated as low as 28%. We remotely monitored global positioning system (GPS)-collared adult female moose and their neonates during the calving and post-parturition seasons to examine calving movements, birth-sites, habitat use, survival, and cause-specific mortality of neonates. Identifying the association of specific landscape characteristics with neonate survival should yield insight into mechanisms contributing to the declining moose population and serve as a basis for an ecologically sound management response. We compared habitat characteristics of pre-calving, calving, peak-lactation, and mortality sites at a fine and broad scale. We also compared calving sites of females that successfully reared a calf to winter to those that did not. In general, females tended to move to areas of more conifer cover to calve. During peak-lactation, females and their calves used steeper areas with abundant forage and high concealment but less conifer cover. Mortalities occurred at sites that were more level than other site types. Females that successfully reared a calf to 1 February typically calved in areas with more deciduous forest and less forested wetland cover than females whose calves died before 9 months of age. Habitat improvement projects for moose should consider forage requirements and placement on the landscape in relation to cover and slope. 2018 The Wildlife Society.


This essay uses questionnaire research and on-the-spot interview,aims to survey and analyse the public sports facility construct situation of Shanghai which contains municipal、district、 street(town) and community(village),sum to 18 districts.Research shows that the public sports facility construct in all the districts need to improve the connotation;With the background of population boom,the construction of public sports facility is in high demand,and layout and design need to be perfect;Large-scale municipal stadiums basically meet the requirements of international standard;Middle-sized district level sport centers need to make balance between" gymnasium,stadium,swimming pool ";The quantity of small size street level fitness center is low and the development should be taken into account;The miniature level community sport spot like JianShenYuan has set up a network system basically,and county area construction is not balanced.


As we debate issues in health care and the role of government in our lives, I would like to believe that I retain a passion for the pediatric perspective of being something of a medical socialist and human rights advocate. Occasionally, a book comes along that grabs both my intellect and passion in that debate. The Plutonium Files 1 by Eileen Welsome is such a book. I wish to make the case that it be required reading for all toxicologists. After returning from the 2011 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology in Washington, D.C., I had two general opinions: fi rst, I had suffered through the paperwork required to do a simple case report as required by the institutional review board at my hospital. A simple statement that I was not going to put any names on this case report, in my mind, should have been suffi cient. Instead I had to lumber through an NIH required training course on the rights of patients to privacy and informed consent. " Yet another example of overregulation by the federal government intruding into my personal existence", or so I thought. Second, while attending the meeting, my wife and I took an afternoon to visit the United States Memorial Holocaust Museum. It is, of course, a disturbing place. Within this disturbing place, a special warning is placed on the exhibit involving medical research. The exhibit is considered even more distressful. I, of course, was well insulated by the fact that these were after all, Nazis'. The moral compass of these physicians was driven by hatred with the full recognition and consent of an equally evil government. These physicians, in my mind, could never exist in the United States and the presence of this evil in another place and time does not justify the hysterical behavior we display for human rights and dignity. Right? After returning home, I was browsing for some history to read and came across The Plutonium Files . 1 My fi rst impression was that this would be a histrionic accounting of a few small events in some distant past. Case in point: the book opens with a discussion of Mr. Elmer Allen. Mr. Allen was an African-American working as a Pullman Porter for the railroad. It was several months before the fi rst nuclear weapon was to be tested in New Mexico. A misdiagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma led his physician in San Francisco to recommend amputation of his leg. Sensing an opportunity and an " obviously" fatal diagnosis, this physician, who worked part-time at the University of California Berkeley as a part of the Manhattan Project, decided to inject a syringe loaded with plutonium into Mr. Allen's calf 3 days prior to the amputation. The pathology report showed that he had osteomyelitis. A small miracle for Elmer, but a shock for his physicians. Elmer was never able to return to full-time employment. He lived a long and sad life in Italy, Texas where he was known as the " town drunk" who spouted strange conspiratorial stories of doctors injecting him and then studying his urine and stools for many years. That the book would start with such a bizarre story is not surprising. The fact that the author has found 18 patients so treated makes this an amazing account. I am sure anyone would say " this was wartime, they were part of the Manhattan Project, secrecy was critical," and it was a " different" time. This is, however, the fi rst chapter of a startling discussion of the evolution of radiation biology and a failure of our government and physicians collaborating across a broad spectrum of the United States to meet their aggregate and individual responsibility to protect human rights. Following the discoveries of the Nazi medical experiments and the resolutions evolving from the Nuremberg trials, one would have expected the behavior of physicians and institutions in the United States to undergo a radical change. It did; they got more secretive. That they did not change their approach to protecting patients is the more disturbing part of the book. Disturbing the already disturbed reader. The Plutonium Files 1 follows the history of our understanding of nuclear physics as a part of medicine from the late 1930s well into the 1970s. Institutions and universities that we know and respect for their research in the new millennium were promoted through funding from the Manhattan Project and its successor the Atomic Energy Commission, now the Department of Energy. Thousands of individuals were exposed to high levels of radiation without their knowledge or consent. Testicular radiation experiments on prisoners, Clinical Toxicology (2012), Early Online: 1–2 Copyright © 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. ISSN: 1556-3650 print / 1556-9519 online DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2012.698743


Quantification of performance requirements or other criteria is seen by many regulators and approval authorities as the next step in the evolution of performance based codes and it is considered that quantification will remove some of the uncertainties and inconsistencies in the inputs and design targets, in an attempt to provide more consistency in the approach and outcomes, providing a basis for greater confidence in outcomes. The potential approaches to quantification for means of escape is discussed within this paper with possible options explored further through looking at existing applications in other fields where quantification is presently carried out. The methodologies involved in developing means of escape solutions for passenger ships and aircraft are explored and also a verification method used in Japan.


The invention discloses an intelligent water pump, which comprises a pump body, a motor and a controller. An output shaft of the motor is connected with an impeller shaft of the pump body. A detector is arranged at a water outlet of the pump body, is used for measuring the pressure of fluid at the water outlet, and is electrically connected with the controller. The input voltage of the motor is controlled by the controller. According to the intelligent water pump, the motor and the water pump are connected, the detector is arranged at the water outlet or a water inlet of the water pump, and the input voltage of the motor is controlled by the controller to control the rotating speed of the water pump, so that the flow velocity of the output fluid can be controlled, and the intelligent water pump is adapted to the output environments of various flow velocities.


By adopting a cultural perspective of organizations, and more specifically, using the structural model of culture as a framework, this investigation attempts to discover the underlying structure of reality in mainland Chinese organizations.This study proposes that at the heart of Chinese organizational culture lie three dominant assumptions, namely "the ever hostile environment", "social reality in hierarchical order", and the "self-seeking human being", which relate to the environment, group, and individual respectively. This triad of assumptions not only animates Chinese organizational culture but also constitutes a unifying thread connecting the different components of this culture. The outward manifestations of this mix of organizational assumptions can best be depicted as a clash of two cultural elitist forces – power and role culture. While power culture is characterized by bonds of personal patronage, personal connections, and displays of personal authority and subservience, role culture emphasizes institutional authority, the rule of law, and meritocracy. The former is presently in command of organizational leadership while the latter has emerged principally as a response to the excesses of the former. Interestingly, although the two cultures are supported by two different sets of values, they rest on a common set of organizational assumptions.


Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have impairments in identifying emotion in social and pragmatic communication (Ben-David, van Lieshout, & Leszcz, 2011). These deficits include difficulty with correctly matching emotion in facial expressions (Watts & Douglas, 2006), interpreting prosody of speech (Dimoska, McDonald, Pell, Tate, & James, 2010), retrieving words (Hough, 2008) and determining the perspectives of other individuals using theory of mind (McDonald & Flanagan, 2004). However, little research has focused on the processing of emotional content in verbal recall.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on the ability of individuals with TBI to recall words from lists and content units from paragraphs. Results from the study have clinical significance because the tasks may serve as appraisal instruments for determining the level of emotional processing impairment associated with traumatic brain injury and document the importance of emotional content in selecting stimuli for treatment intervention.


A report,'on the CPC's second issue to the current political situation' in July,1923,pointed out that 'the nation has denied Beijing national congress-puppet of the feudal warlords,the qualification of delegate,and it was national congress that really represents the nations,establishes the constitution and builds new government for the union of china'~[1],which was gradually accepted by revolutionary democracy group with the leader of Sunzhongshan and people of all levels.As a result,the strong political movement happened in spring of 1925.


IT is above any question that since the introduction of antibiotics and substances, which basing on Woods-Fieldes competitive theory substitute the essential metabolites and interfere with physiological and biological processes of micro-organisms due to their chemical and structural similarity, the symptomatology and course of acute middle-ear otitis has changed completely. But the great hopes and expectations did not find justification in these substances when dealing with cases of chronic otitis. Disregarding the special form of chronic otitis with marginal perforation and formation of cholesteatoma, where most otologists now prefer to submit these cases to the more radical surgical treatment, the cases with central perforation still remain a touchstone of both the patient's and otologist's patience. There are several factors blamed for disappointment with antibiotics in these chronic cases. It should be mentioned the many dead spaces and recesses of the tympanic cleft favouring formation of residual pus and debris and interfering with proper drainage, the catarrhal processes of the upper respiratory tract, involvement of the Eustachian tube, some allergic and constitutional factors. As chronic inflammations are usually productive in nature, new connective tissue is formed causing secondary changes of the mucosal lining not infrequently in the form of granulation tissue, with increased secretion. This circulus viciosus again aggravates the condition. In his work on otology still regarded as classic, Politzer devoted no fewer than 30 pages to the discussion of different methods of conservative management of chronic otitis. In the more comprehensive modern literature this problem is dealt with no less exhaustively. Just these many recommended methods and lack of uniformity all too often prove our impotence in controlling the chronic suppuration. Realizing that the weakness of all the recommended methods is the lack of continuity in action and the treatment is temporary only, I have


Talking about childhood in the context of a Pedagogical Forum on Children and Teaching involves understanding what the concepts of childhood and adolescense mean and reviewing the global context where they move, particularly now, when technologies are the protagonists. This process results in the conflict of the old ways of conceiving both childhood and adolescence from their limited participation in society, where they are not treated as legitimate actors of social life, as they do not acquire status at school or in their family. However, technology grants them that place for recognition: in the interaction with the equipment and technological tools, children and adolescents gain a place of privileged participation.


The Making of Modern Hindi examines the politics and processes of making Hindi modern at a formative moment in India's history, when British imperialism was at its peak and anti-colonial sentiments were on the rise. It centres on the figure of Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi (1864-1938), an enterprising and contentious Hindi litterateur, and his project of constructing Hindi as a national language with a modern literature in the early twentieth century. Dwivedi's unprecedented multimedia literary campaign as long-time editor of the Hindi journal Sarasvatī paved the way for Hindi's progress into the modern era. This study casts new light on Dwivedi as an innovative and dynamic arbiter of literary modernity. He advanced his agenda by exploring the collaborative potential of art and literature, a critical element in national language and literary reform that has received little attention in other studies. This book also considers tensions between the editor and others in his realm of influence. His project sparked contest amongst a range of authorities who participated alongside Dwivedi in constructing Hindi modernity. Despite a common enthusiasm for Hindi, they challenged some aspects of his endeavour, based on their differing agendas and perspectives. Dwivedi's responses to their challenges were pragmatic and strategically varied.


This paper deals with a method that provides in a multi-user environment file security of the order that even the system's people will be unable to break. The technique dealt with here is ASCII character by character encrypting of file using a KEY that is not physically stored anywhere in the magnetic media. This paper also covers problems encountered in the computer environment when using this technique.


An important goal of the theory of algorithms is to design efficient algorithms that solve computationally difficult problems. When considering the class of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, the goal "appears" beyond our reach. As these problems need to be solved exactly for various applications in theory and practice routinely, exact algorithms become unavoidable. Parameterized Complexity is an exact algorithmic approach to deal with intractable computational problems having some small parameters. For decision problems with input size n, and a parameter k (which typically, and in all the problems we consider in this paper, is the solution size), the goal here is to design an algorithm with runtime f(k)n where f is a function of k alone, against a trivial n algorithm. Problems having such an algorithm are said to be fixed parameter tractable (FPT), and such algorithms are practical when small parameters cover practical ranges. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in designing exact algorithms for optimization versions of NP-complete problems. This has led to the development of fast exponential-time algorithms for various problems including Satisfiability, Graph Coloring, Maximum Independent Set and many others. These exponential-time algorithms lead to practical algorithms for at least moderate instance sizes. In this thesis we look at various problems from the exact algorithm paradigm for both parameterized and optimization versions of the problems. The first part of the thesis consists of FPT algorithms for various graph problems and the other part consists of exact algorithms for optimization versions of a few graph problems. We first give FPT algorithms for Feedback Vertex Set in undirected graphs, Feedback Set Problems in Tournaments and duals of Feedback Set problems in directed graphs. Then we show that several problems like Dominating Set, Independent Set that are hard for various "parameterized complexity classes" on general graphs, become fixed parameter tractable on graphs with no small cycles. As our last algorithmic result we give an FPT algorithm for the Directed Maximum Leaf Out-Tree problem which is the problem of finding a directed out-tree with at least k leaves in directed graphs. Finally, we give W[1]-hardness results for variations of coloring problems like List Coloring and Equitable


Advocates have been striving for decades to improve the representation of women and people of color in the academy. The results in political science have been fairly limited. From 1980 to 2010, the proportion of women among white political science faculty grew from 9.6% to 24.8% (APSA 2011, 44). Even with this sizable increase, women constituted fewer than a quarter of white political scientists. Within their respective ethnoracial groups, women of color made up a greater proportion of political science faculty but remain woefully underrepresented in the profession, with only 79 Latino, 161 African American, and 117 Asian American female political science faculty nationally in 2010 (APSA 2011, 44–46). Overall, the proportion of scholars of color within political science during this period, male and female, has remained largely flat; in 2010, 88.9% of political science faculty were white. In this essay, I argue that an intersectional approach to thinking about this issue—one that acknowledges the marginalization and privilege that cut across faculty within departments and universities—raises the possibility of changing the conversation about inclusion, potentially opening up new possibilities for making substantive change within political science departments and universities.


This paper contains an up-to-date summary of the Bar Code Document Accountability System (BARDAS). BARDAS was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of improving the management and reporting timeliness of secret document inventories by the accountable custodians at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge and Paducah plants. This paper discusses enhancements to the BARDAS and the use of bar code technology in accomplishing these enhancements.


The effects of differing service lifetimes and conditions on the wear profiles, microstructural development, mechanical properties, and residual stress in railway rails was studied. The rail material was BS 113A grade 220, the most common grade used in the UK. A specimen of unused rail, fabricated under identical conditions, provided a control specimen against which all changes could be assessed. Careful metallographic examination, confirmed by microhardness profile measurement, showed the development of a stable, heavily deformed layer of 5 mm thickness below the rail head and gauge corner, irrespective of service lifetime. The residual stresses were measured in cross sections through the rail and on the rail head by a combination of magnetic techniques, known as MAPS [1] . The measurements showed that for rails of short service life the stresses across the whole rail head are principally compressive, balanced by tensile stresses within the body of the head. The largest compressive stresses are found at the gauge corner. However, for rails of increasing service life, there is a transition to tensile stresses in the gauge corner, accompanied by extensive gauge corner cracks. It is thought that the presence of the tensile residual stresses causes the cracks to initiate and propagate. New rails, on the other hand, had a tensile residual stress in the head, generated by the straightening process.


Filtered by the traditional low past FIR filter,the time delay of filtered GRL signal can not meet the requirement of flight attitude control system.A proper model of IIR notching filter is chosen firstly,then the method using both adaptive IIR notching filter and low order FIR filter is presented.By using this method,the dither bias can be effectively eliminated,at the same time the time delay is evidently reduced.The filtered GRL signal can meet the requirements of flight control system.


In order to solve the problem of identifying flight intention when predicting four-dimensional (4D) trajectory in air traffic control system, a method to generate nominal flight profile based on Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data is proposed in this paper. A Dynamic Space Warping (DSW) algorithm is applied in calculating the metric distance of two flight altitude profiles while generating the nominal flight altitude profile. Considering the ground speed is unknown, the Large-Oval-Distance algorithm is combined with Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) model while generating the nominal flight speed profile. This nominal flight profile generated reflects flight intention and eliminates the influence of meteorological factors. Case study proves that this approach can provide the whole flight profile to reflect the aircraft flight intention more factually.


The paper's aim is how to forecast data with variations involving at times series data to get the best forecasting model which realistically considers the underlying causal factors in a situational relationship and therefore has the best "track records" in generating data. Paper's models can be adjusted for variations in related a time series which processes a great deal of randomness, to improve the accuracy of the financial forecasts. The methodology which we have used is based on inferential analysis. To build the models to identify the major future changes in the direction of a situational data series, a comparative model building is applied. Hereby, the paper suggests to use some of the nonlinear techniques, like direct and sequential search approaches, to reduce the technical shortcomings. The final result of the paper is to manipulate, to prepare and to integrate heuristic non-linear searching methods to serve calculating adjusted factors to produce the best forecast data.


Peter Ramus (1515-72) was, at first sight, the least likely person to write an influential history of mathematics. For one thing, he was clearly no great mathematician himself. His sympathetic biographer Nicholas Nancel related that Ramus would spend the mornings being coached in mathematics by a team of experts he had assembled, and in the afternoon would lecture on the very same subjects.1 But there can be no doubt that Ramus held mathematics in particular esteem and even played a crucial role in linking philosophical discourse to mathematics and in promoting the use of quadrivial reasoning in the study of the natural world.2The origins for his enthusiasm for mathematics are to be found in his account of the nature of the arts and critique of the curriculum of the universities. From his earliest career, Ramus was a logician and remained one in all his works, whether writing on mathematics or Virgil, and he conceived of all the arts, especially mathematics, as unchanging structures of necessarily true propositions-not prima facie a position which lends itself to notions of historical change and development.3 His career as a historian of mathematics, I will argue, was directed by problems that arose in his theoretical understanding of mathematics as he began to immerse himself in the sciences of the ancient world.RAMUS AND THE REFORM OF DIALECTICRamus set out his fundamental logical positions in his very first printed work, the Dialecticae institutiones (Education in Dialectic) of 1543, a contribution to the ongoing humanist attack on scholastic logic, in which Ramus rehearsed many of the commonplace criticisms of the university dialectic. Humanists complained that logic no longer concerned itself with real human reasoning; instead, it had become a discipline studied for its own sake, using its own incomprehensible jargon, and was of no practical interest. The new humanist dialectics of Lorenzo Valla and Rudolph Agricola attempted to teach the kind of practical reasoning useful for composing a speech or letter, and they borrowed extensively from rhetorical works of Cicero and Quintilian to develop a highly rhetoricized logic. Questions about the formal validity of arguments were of little interest; what mattered was whether the arguments were persuasive.4In his Dialecticae institutiones, Ramus took this humanist reformulation of dialectic a step further. Dialectic-or, in fact, any art or scienceconsisted of nature, doctrine, and exercise. The natural workings of the mind formed the most significant element. Doctrine was nothing more than a record of natural reasoning; in importance it paled next to nature and practice.5 The logic of the universities bore no resemblance to the true, natural dialectic, as he argued at length in the companion volume to the Institutiones, the innocuously titled but exuberantly offensive Aristotelicae animadversiones (Observations on Aristotle).6 The question, then, remained: how can we gain access to this "natural reasoning"?Ramus's answer was surprising. He asks us to find a group of mennot scholars, but completely uneducated vineyard workers. Question them about the coming year: the fertility of the soil, the quality and quantity of the crop. "And then," he writes "from their minds as from a mirror an image of nature will be reflected."7 In the reasoned replies of these uneducated men, says Ramus, we discover every part of logic needed for any purpose, whether everyday discourse or composition of poetry: the invention of arguments, the assessment of their truth and their proper and orderly presentation. Other humanists had praised man's natural logical faculties, elevating them over artificial technique, but Ramus was the first to look beyond the walls of the university and the writings of the ancients to find natural dialectic at work.If even the uneducated have some possession of the arts, then the arts taught at the university should do no more than clear away the misleading junk in the mind, and allow its natural clarity to shine through. …


A pulse laser driving Ba based single photon source has been proposed with its simple structure, high repetition rate and potential application in Quantum computation and communication.


Major proportion of total Phosphorus in Pakistani soils resides in compounds of calcium with varying solubilities. We investigated the differential growth response and P solubilization efficiency of seven wheat genotypes supplied with tri-calciurn phosphate (TCP) and ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate as different P sources, in Johnson's modified solution. The genotypes differed significantly (p < 0.001) in biomass accumulation. Phosphorus concentration and uptake in shoot and P utilization efficiency was also significantly differ for various wheat genotypes. Shoot and root dry matter yield as well as total biomass production correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with their shoot P uptake and P utilization when grown with TCP indicating that genotypes efficient in P solubilization accumulated more biomass.


Many urban school districts are adopting restorative practices (RP) as a means to reduce suspensions and resolve racial discipline gaps. In this study, we use a sensemaking framework to examine educators' beliefs about discipline and their perceptions of RP and its implementation. We draw on survey responses (N = 363) administered after educators attended RP trainings in a large, diverse county in California. Our results show the majority of respondents possess beliefs or an understanding of RP that are compatible with the goals of the approach. Survey respondents cite challenges to implementing RP that are at times consistent (e.g., lack of time) and at times at odds (e.g., relatively low emphasis on lack of leadership as a hindrance) with the current literature. As suggested by sensemaking theory, we find attitudes and beliefs are predictors of educators' experiences implementing RP, including challenges to implementation and effects of the practices.


This document is one of the several documents prepared by Lockheed Martin Hanford Corp. to support the U. S. Department of Energy's Tank Waste Retrieval and Disposal mission at Hanford. The Tank Waste Retrieval and Disposal mission includes the programs necessary to support tank waste retrieval; waste feed, delivery, storage, and disposal of immobilized waste; and closure of the tank farms.


X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the surface oxidation of sputtered and electroplated copper films following exposure to ambient air and chemical processing reagents used during the fabrication of interconnect structures. Exposure of both sputtered and electroplated copper films to ambient air and deionized (DI) water resulted in the formation of thin copper oxide layers. For ambient exposed copper films, the topmost layer contains Cu2+ oxide species, and the next Cu+ oxides. For DI water exposure, only Cu+ oxide species were observed. Oxidation was more rapid for the electroplated compared to the sputtered copper films as measured by copper oxide to copper metal concentration ratios calculated from XPS curve fitting results and photon-induced Auger peak height measurements. For the electroplated copper films, oxygen uptake was slower as a result of exposure to ambient compared to DI water treatments. Electroplated copper films exposed to common wet chemical etchants also show indications of oxidation of the copper surface region with evidence of mechanical instability between the formed oxide and underlying copper film, resulting in adhesion loss. A method for the removal of the oxide layer has also been investigated to improve adhesion to overlying passivation films.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the surface oxidation of sputtered and electroplated copper films following exposure to ambient air and chemical processing reagents used during the fabrication of interconnect structures. Exposure of both sputtered and electroplated copper films to ambient air and deionized (DI) water resulted in the formation of thin copper oxide layers. For ambient exposed copper films, the topmost layer contains Cu2+ oxide species, and the next Cu+ oxides. For DI water exposure, only Cu+ oxide species were observed. Oxidation was more rapid for the electroplated compared to the sputtered copper films as measured by copper oxide to copper metal concentration ratios calculated from XPS curve fitting results and photon-induced Auger peak height measurements. For the electroplated copper films, oxygen uptake was slower as a result of exposure to ambient compared to DI water treatments. Electroplated copper films exposed to common wet chemical etchants also show indi...


AbstractRecent political experience in France, Austria, Italy, USA and New Zealand plus the theories of contemporary right-wing radical or populist parties of Herbert Kitschelt and Hans-Georg Betz, offer valuable insight into the rise of Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party. As in other 'globalising' and reform-imposing liberal democracies, the causes of Hansonism as generic protest populism are multiple, hard-to-avoid, and predictable. Yet general explanations need to be supplemented by recognizing specific features of her movement, which are highly contingent on particular contexts and personal characteristics. Hanson's own brand of xenophobic populism, however, also exhibits certain unique features when compared with other similar Western European parties. Such feature include—the gender of the party leader, the relative absence of conventional 'racism', and the emphasis on democratic values and advocacy for a form of protectionist welfare state. Ironically, while these specificities give Hansonism, for t...


Lu Ji brought forth creativeness view in "Wen Fu". Its creativeness is based on the inheritance .Because the imitation became common practice in the literary word,Lu Ji didn't reject the imitation of the poetry meaning and attached importance to the creativeness of the diction.Lu Ji chose the ancient poems which had the similar emotion with his as imitated object .He put his own experience in "Ni Gu Shi ".Compared with the original works, the emotion of Lu Ji's works were more profound.Meanwhile ,his works changed the simple style of the ancient poetry and showed the characteristics of elegance and magnificence.


Coal mining-induced surface subsidence causes many environmental problems and geological hazards, including damage to buildings, depletion of water resources, and land desertification. However, numerous coal resources in China are buried under buildings. To solve these problems, a solid waste backfill mining (SWBM) technique has been proposed to control the surface subsidence under buildings. This paper introduced the fundamental principle of the SWBM technique and then presented a model based on the theory of equivalent mining height (EMH) to predict surface subsidence. In addition, the compaction effects of backfill materials were obtained through an experiment on the compaction properties thereof. Afterward, measuring transects were arranged to conduct field observation of surface subsidence: when the backfill materials are sufficiently compacted, the compression degree is 0.13 with 13% deformation. Moreover, the measured maximum subsidence was 18 mm, which is lower than that predicted for the maximum deformation of a nearby building. In addition, surface buildings were slightly influenced by coal mining and no obvious cracks were found. Therefore, this technique provides a new approach for controlling the surface subsidence induced by coal mining.


Background
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculated by mean arterial pressure (MAP) minus intracranial pressure (ICP) is related to blood flow into the brain and reflects cerebral ischemia and oxygenation indirectly. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can assess cerebral ischemia and hypoxia non-invasively and has been widely used in neuroscience. However, the correlation between CPP and NIRS, and its potential application in traumatic brain injury, has seldom been investigated.

Methods
We used a novel wireless NIRS system and commercial ICP and MAP devices to assess the trauma to rat brains using different impact intensity. The relationship between CPP and NIRS parameters with increasing impact strength were investigated.

Results
The results showed that changes in CPP (∆CPP), oxy-hemoglobin {∆[HbO2]}, total-hemoglobin {∆[HbT]}, and deoxy-hemoglobin were inversely proportional to the increase in impact intensity, and the correlations between ∆CPP, NIRS parameters {∆[HbO2], and ∆[HbT]} were significant.

Conclusions
The NIRS system can assess cerebral ischemia and oxygenation non-invasively and changes of HbO2 and HbT may be used as reference parameters to assess the level of CPP in an animal model of traumatic brain injury.


Quinuclidine reacts with 2-iodotropone in benzene to give 1-{2-[N-(7-oxocyclohepta-1,3,5-trien-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]ethyl}-(II) or 1-(7-oxocyclohepta-1,3,5-trien-1-yl)-1-azoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane iodide (III), or a mixture of both according to the conditions. Experiments with 2-iodo[3,5,7-2H3]tropone show that the quinuclidine nitrogen atom attacks the 2-position to give compound (III) which kinetic experiments on solutions in dimethyl sulphoxides show to be an intermediate in the formation of (II). The iodide (III) readily rearranges to 2-[4-(2-iodoethyl)piperidino]cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one (IV). The reaction of 2-chlorotropone with quinuclidine in benzene gives a mixture of the chloride analogues of (II) and (III), whereas in dimethyl sulphoxide, as with 2-bromotropone, only a compound of type (II) is formed with kinetics similar to those for 2-iodotropone. The reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with quinuclidine in benzene fails to give quaternary salts of type (III); only 1-{2-[N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]ethyl}-1-azoniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane chloride is obtained, in low yield.


An enzyme reactor system was developed for the determination of the quality of chicken over a wide range including both freshness (K-value) and spoilage (diamine content). The system was constructed by fusing a K-value sensor and a diamine sensor in the same channel. In fresh chicken muscle, little diamine is present, and the diamine sensor shows no response. Therefore, the diamine sensor was placed upstream to the K-value sensor and the effects of chemical cross-talk caused by both sensors were examined. Sufficient precision in the measurement was obtained by correcting the K-value for the relationship between the putrescine concentration and cross-talk. One assay required 5 min. The immobilized enzymes were stable over 100 days at 4°C.


Abstract In this paper an approach for a quality assurance for manufacturing systems is developed. This problem comes directly from the printing industry where many companies are struggling with correct overprint color reproduction. Color management systems assure correct color control on prepress stage, integrating all devices into one common color space. Such action requires calibration of these devices, which in case of a typical printing machine is highly expensive and time consuming. The article presents author's method of complex printing machine calibration based on regression models. The method allows obtaining a mathematical model describing printing machine characteristics that constitutes a basis for on-going print colorimetric correction.


The substantiation of a complex of methods and means of knowledge elicitation in Chinese Image Medicine (CIM) for the tasks of its ontological modeling in addition to the development of intellectualized information systems is the topical issue of the article. The methods of specific knowledge elicitation from the CIM experts has been defined in the research, the templates of questionnaires for a group survey have been developed as well, the axiomatic-deductive strategy of the structural and logical organization of the acquired knowledge has been used, according to this data a fragment of the diagnostic ontology of the CIM has been implemented.


A power of genetic selection is for producing new pure strains of interest species. The interest genes that are specifically expressed must be identified to develop the criterion of selection. The short period of Mung bean development could adapt to a broad sense of different factors such as agro- and eco-systems, plant rotation, plantation, and variety of germplasm. Three field experiments were carried out under the condition of Egyptian soil between Branch of Genetics, Department of Agricultural Plant, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University and Genetic Egypt on Mung bean. The genetic improvement and cultivars production of four strains of Mung bean was studied using gamma rays through selection and molecular studies techniques. The interaction between Mung bean strains and exposure to a dose of 40Gy of gamma rays had a significant effect on the characteristics of plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, Pod length (cm), number of seeds/plant and total protein (%) at the level of significance (P< 0.05). The present research can provide the information of morphological and molecular characters of Mung bean. It is hoped that these finding are useful in new Genotypes confirmation. The position of bands by SCoT will provide the characters of identification of this plant.


In order to realize the path following control of the robot in the complex agricultural environment, an intelligent path following control method based on fuzzy PD (proportional derivative) is proposed. Firstly, in order to realize the task of path tracking and automatic steering control, the automatic navigation controller and the automatic steering method based on fuzzy PD control are constructed. The method of driving the robot hardware platform based on plant protection unmanned, developed automatic navigation control system based on laser radar, angle sensor, then according to the structure and control principle of automatic navigation control system, the robot kinematics model, two wheel vehicle control model, pure path tracking control method, finally, has carried on the the design of the tracking control principle and fuzzy PD control method is verified by MATLAB/simulink simulation platform. The results show that the maximum tracking error is only 5cm, and the average tracking error is 1.2cm when the robot tracks with 1.5m/s. The simulation and experimental results show that the control system can effectively control the robot walking on a predetermined path.


Most of the more than two thousand works of fiction on the Vietnam War still depend on a realistic-mimetic model.1 If you try and read them, you feel as though the experimentalism of Modernism and Postmodernism had never existed. In most cases, realism is perceived as the inevitable essence of the war story, as the ontological status of war stories, as a non-aesthetic mode, as the only authentic way to narrate the war experience. This attitude–which we may call here "the naïve realism of witnessing" and which dates back to the First World War (and somehow to the Iliad)–can be detected both in autobiographical novels and in memoirs.


Let G = (V, E) be a simple connected graph with p vertices and q edges. If G1, G2, …., Gn are connected edge disjoint subgraphs of G with E(G) = E(G1) \(\cup\)E(G2)\(\cup\)….\(\cup\)E(Gn), then (G1, G2, ……, Gn) is said to be a decomposition of G. A decomposition (G1, G2, ……, Gn) of G is said to be continuous monotonic decomposition if each Gi is connected and |E(Gi)| = i for every i = 1, 2, …., n. [1]. In this chapter, we introduced the concept Arithmetic odd star decomposition. A decomposition (G1, G2, ……, Gn) of G is said be an Arithmetic decomposition if |E(Gi) = a + (i-1)d, for every I = 1, 2 ……, n and a, d \(\in\) Z. Clearly q=\(\frac{n}{2}\)[2a + (n - 1) d]. If a = 1 and d = 1, then q = \(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\). In this chapter, we study the graphs with a = 1 and d = 2. Then q = n2. That is, the number of edges of G is a perfect square.


Character Recognition has been a significant area of study in Artificial Intelligence. The concept of Character Recognition became famous in recent times due to its many applications such as in printed postal addressing, filling of a variety of forms, multiple choice questions in certain examination and so on. OCR suggests to the technique of photo scanning of the text character-by-character, analysis of the scanned picture and then changing of the character image into information that a machine can easily read. e.g. organizations and libraries taking physical replicas of books, magazines, or other old printed material and utilizing OCR to place them into computers. Segmentation is the crucial and most complex part of OCR process, and it gets more difficult with handwritten text because of different writing styles and fonts used. Devanagari character recognition is more complex as it is having various loops, conjuncts, upper and lower modifiers and the number of disconnected and multistroke characters. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various character recognition techniques in terms of their accuracies and also their features, classifier and findings as well.


Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is potentially hazardous to the eye. Sources of UVR are becoming more common in industry and commerce and specialized eye protection is usually provided. For the outdoor worker and the general public the most hazardous source of UVR is the sun and sunglasses are the normal means of eye protection, although consumers are provided with little information about the protection afforded by them. The Standards Association of Australia has issued a standard which sets limits to the UV and visible transmittances of sunglasses. Although this standard applies only to sunglasses, the optical transmittances of over 200 pairs of sunglasses, lenses, prescription glasses, safety glasses and ski goggles were measured over the wavelength range from 250 to 800 nm. The results were compared with the standard and the degree of protection provided in the UV region (250–400 nm) was determined. The ocular UVR dose for the protected eye was calculated using measured solar spectral irradiances, the transmission characteristics of the eyewear and the biological spectral effectiveness of UVR. As a result of this study, it is recommended that protection against UV‐A radiation (315–400 nm) be increased.


We investigate the time evolution of a Gaussian wave packet (GWP) in a tight-binding chain with a uniform nearest-neighbor hopping integral. Analytical investigations and numerical simulations show that fractional revivals of the quantum state occur in this system, i.e., at appropriate times, a GWP can evolve into many copies of the initial state at different positions. The application of this quantum phenomenon to quantum information transfer in solid-state systems is discussed.


Based on analyzing the previous problems relative to sequence stratigraphy researches on Erlian basin, this paper associated with the theories and methods of tecto-stratigraphy, genetic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy.We take the boundaries of basin generation and boundaries of basin prototype with regional correlative significations as first-order and second-orders in the scenario of framework sequence stratigraphy. And every cycle (para-type basin) representing rift and tectonic inversion within basin (or depression) type is divided as third-order sequences, and the subsidence-filling unit as fourth-order sequences. This paper is to analyze sequence stratigraphic framework based on the restriction of tectonic-sedimentation, and to analyze genetic stratigraphic framework under sequence stratigraphic framework. The merits in the scenario of framework sequence stratigraphy are that it inherits the analysis of chronostratigraphic boundary, sequence cycle and accommodation within marine sequence stratigraphy, and abandon part component of sea-level change and systems tracts in marine setting that are unsuitable in continental rift basin. Such scenario is convenient to construct the unifying sequence stratigraphic framework abroad entire basin, and to express sedimentary characteristics and developments of every sequence stratigraphic unit as well as hydrocarbon pool forming conditions located on different structure-lithofacies zones. In the meantime, this scenario will help to promote cognizing distributions and regional differences of favorable reservoirs and their facies belts so as to establish the significant model of hydrocarbon pool formation and accumulation. Based on practical analyses in all sags within Erlian basin, this paper has constructed correlative, obviously disciplinary and unifying boundary-ordered systems and correlative sequence stratigraphic framework.


On the basis of rare-earth permanent magnets, a second prototype of a carousel magnetic filter has been constructed for a 'third-stage' phosphate elimination from municipal sewage. As compared to the first prototype presented on the MT-15, the filter throughput has been increased by more than 500% to about 3-4 m/sup 3//h with the dimensions and the magnet system used remaining the same. At an inlet concentration of 2 mg/L P, separation efficiencies of approximately 80% can be achieved by continuous operation at filtration rates of 100 m/h. The resulting outlet concentrations are below the limit values specified in Germany or Europe. Furthermore it is evident from cost calculations that the system represents a real alternative to the well-established solid-liquid separation methods for phosphate elimination, e.g, sand filters or microsieves.


This paper presents NASA's recent direction to invest in the critical science instrument and platform technologies in order to realize more reliable, frequent and versatile missions for future Earth Science measurements. Historically, NASA's Earth Science Enterprise has developed and flown science missions that have been large in size, mass and volume. These missions have taken much longer to implement due to technology development time, and have carried a large suite of instruments on a large spacecraft. NASA is now facing an era where the budget for the future years is more or less flat and the possibility for any major new start does not vividly appear on the horizon. Unfortunately, the scientific measurement needs for remote sensing have not shrunk to commensurate with the budget constraints. In fact, the challenges and scientific appetite in search of answers to a score of outstanding questions have been gradually expanding. With these factors in mind, for the last three years NASA has been changing its focus to concentrate on how to take advantage of smaller missions by relying on industry, and minimizing the overall mission life cycle by developing technologies that are independent of the mission implementation cycle. The major redirection of early investment in the critical technologies should eventually have its rewards and significantly reduce the mission development period. Needless to say, in the long run this approach should save money, minimize risk, promote or encourage partnering, allow for a rapid response to measurement needs, and enable frequent missions making a wider variety of earth science measurements. This paper gives an overview of some of the identified crucial technologies and their intended applications for meeting the future Earth Science challenges.


OBJECTIVE: To identify muscle imbalances and pelvic tilt with implications for low back pain in Keirin cyclists. METHODS: We enrolled 16 Keirin cyclists (mean age, 32.2 ± 8.6 years) and 16 college students as controls (24.3 ± 2.3 years). We measured pelvic tilt, heel-buttock distance (HBD), iliopsoas flexibility (using the Thomas test), hamstring flexibility (using the straight-leg-raise [SLR] test), finger floor distance (FFD), and isometric and isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength. These parameters were compared between the two groups, as well as between the right and left sides, by using the Mann-Whitney U test or unpaired t test. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed a significant anterior pelvic tilt at standing position and significantly higher HBD, SLR, and FFD in the Keirin cyclists than in the controls. The isokinetic muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring, and the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio at high angular velocity were significantly greater in the Keirin cyclists. No significant differences were found between the right and left sides. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the Keirin cyclists had an anterior pelvic tilt and imbalance in hip muscle flexibility, but the difference between the right and left sides were not significant.


The objective of this research, as defined by NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, was two-fold: (1) to numerically simulate viscous subsonic flow in a proposed elliptical two-duct version of the fuel side Hot Gas Manifold (HGM) for the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), and (2) to provide analytical support for SSME related numerical computational experiments, being performed by the Computational Fluid Dynamics staff in the Aerophysics Division of the Structures and Dynamics Laboratory at NASA-MSFC. Numerical results of HGM were calculations to complement both water flow visualization experiments and air flow visualization experiments and air experiments in two-duct geometries performed at NASA-MSFC and Rocketdyne. In addition, code modification and improvement efforts were to strengthen the CFD capabilities of NASA-MSFC for producing reliable predictions of flow environments within the SSME.


A review of 'The works manager to-day' by Sidney Webb, published in London by Longmans, Green and Co. in 1917.


To display the superiority of RFID-based e-plate identification system in the field of intelligent transportation,an e-platemanagement system is developed with C# language and SQL Server 2000 database. The system has certain sub modules,for exampleparking lot management,urban road traffic management,highway management and so on. It is a comprehensive management systemincluding collection charge,traffic flow statistics,measures fast and other functions. The serial communication design of read/writefunction modules of parking lot management and urban road traffic management are discussed in detail. The synthesis debugging ofthe software and hardware indicates that this system can satisfied the need of application.


A method for producing a conditioned medium, comprising the steps of: (i) culturing human hepatocytes mature derived adult liver a cell culture medium until death of mature hepatocytes and selection of a population of surviving cells having morphology epitelioide; (Ii) expanding the population of surviving cells having epithelioid morphology by culturing in a culture medium containing serum containing glucose supplemented with hEGF (factor human epithelial growth) and bFGF (factor basic fibroblast growth) and containing inorganic salts , amino acids and vitamins necessary for the usual growth of mammalian cells; and (iii) separating the cells from cell culture medium.


In last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in using Landslide Susceptibility Maps (LSMs) especially in planning and decision making stages of landslide prevention and mitigation activities, as well as in landslide related studies. In forested areas, inappropriately located roads potentially cause slope instability problems such as landslides which then result in serious destructions on road networks and deformations on road platforms. Thus, one of the further usages of LSM may involve overlapping analysis with forest roads in order to obtain information about how road networks should be planned and located considering land sliding potential. Statistical approaches such as Logistic Regression (LR) method are well integrated with GIS based evaluation of landslide probability of slopes in larger regions. In this study, LSMs of two forest districts (Golyaka and Karduz) in Golyaka Forest Directorate (Duzce, Turkey) was generated by using LR method based on an inventory of 52 landslides and eight conditioning parameters. These parameters include elevation, slope, land-use, lithology, aspect, distance to faults, distance to streams, and distance to roads. For overlapping analysis, forest road layer was obtained from Bolu Regional Directorate of Forestry (RDF) in vector data format. It was found that landslide susceptibilities obtained in study area were between 0 and 0.57 with 0.85 AUC (Area Under the Curve) value. The results indicated that all of the selected parameters had positive effects on landslide occurrences. After normalization of generated susceptibility values between 0 and 1, LSM was classified into following five classes: very low (0-0.2), low (0.2-0.4), moderate (0.4-0.6), high (0.6-0.8), and very high (0.8-1.0). Then, classified LSM was overlapped with forest road layer which includes the total of 380.8 km road. According to classified susceptibility map, more than 95% of total area is located in very low and low susceptibility classes, 3% of the area has moderate landslide susceptibility, while remains have high and very high susceptibilities. According to overlapping analysis, 1.3 km of roads is located within very high susceptibility and 5.1 km of roads is located within high susceptibility classes. The rest of the roads (i.e. more than 95%) are located in other susceptibility classes.


Invention: Researchers at the University of Arizona have developed and demonstrated a new technique for fabricating 1-micron scale optics and optical interconnects at a fairly high rate of speed and compatible with semi-conductor fabrication (CMOS) processes. The process is relatively inexpensive, utilizing off-the-shelf components arranged in a novel way, addressing the need for competitively priced small scale 1:1 ratio optics and interconnects.


The main result establishes the equivalence of various Lipschitzlike conditions on the weighted mean oscillation over cubes of a function. Previously known results are obtained as special cases. Introduction. In [3], John and Nirenberg proved that if f is a function of bounded mean oscillation, i.e., if f1 If(x) -fildx a)l 0. In [7] Muckenhoupt and Wheeden derived an analogous result for functions of weighted bounded mean oscillation, by which we mean those f with fI f(x) -fIldx cf w(x)dx for all I, where w is nonnegative and satisfies appropriate conditions. Meyers [5] and Campanato [1] showed independently that the condition If (x) -f1ldx < clII+p for an c satisfying 0 < e < 1 is equivalent (after redefining f in a set of measure 0) to Lipschitz continuity of order e. Two different weighted versions of this result were then obtained by Cuerva [2] and Lotkowski [4]. Our main theorem generalizes and unifies these latter results, as we shall indicate below. We first list some definitions. If ft is a Borel measure which is positive and Received by the editors April 2, 1976. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 26A16. I Research supported in part by NSF-MPS 75-07596. C American Mathematical Society 1977


Alfven wave instabilities in a reacting tokamak plasma are calculated both analytically and numerically. Two distinct classes of eigenmodes are considered, global Alfven eigenmodes and kinetic Alfven waves, each driven unstable by the free energy associated with the alpha particle density gradient. The growth rates of the global Alfven eigenmodes are given for the first time. These are basically magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes, whose resonances with electrons and alpha particles are calculated using kinetic theory. The calculation of kinetic Alfven wave growth rates is improved from earlier treatments. These modes depend on electron inertia and finite ion gyroradius for their existence and have no counterpart in MHD theory. In both sets of calculations toroidal coupling of the alpha particle response to sidebands in the poloidal mode number is fully taken into account. Global modes with small parallel phase velocity are identified as the most dangerous, both because of their substantial growth rates and the expected ineffectiveness of quasilinear stabilization. The kinetic waves, on the other hand, are likely to be stabilized easily by quasilinear flattening of the alpha particle profile. Calculations using both Maxwellian and slowing‐down alpha distributions are performed, showing that, for the same alpha density and energy density, the slowing‐down distribution yields somewhat larger growth rates.


Method of forming an oxide layer on the silicon carbide is higher than 1175 ° C. the oxide film layer and the step of growing an oxide layer thermally onto the silicon oxide layer in an atmosphere containing NO temperature, most preferably 1300 ℃ and a step of annealing at. Oxide layer may be annealed in NO atmosphere in a silicon carbide tube coated with silicon carbide. The initial oxide layer on the silicon carbide to form the oxide film layer is in a dry O


O� A Tlfu"d.10 St�bmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement::; for the de(7ee of Ma.ster of Science in "otany at the Craduatc Schoo1 of l:!astern Illinois University C J!J\i�LESTOtr_, _J:LLIHOIS �1930


OBJECTIVES
To assess the safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in patients with RA in routine clinical settings in Korea.

METHODS
This is a prospective, multi-center post-marketing surveillance study. Data were prospectively collected within six months after the start of tofacitinib therapy. Safety was evaluated based on the presence of adverse events (AEs) observed in patients who received at least one dose of tofacitinib. Effectiveness was assessed according to the proportion of patients who achieved LDA and remission, ACR20, EULAR response, and change of DAS28.

RESULTS
The incidence rates (IRs, patients with events per 100 patient-years) of AEs and serious AEs were 56.92 and 10.69, respectively. Regarding AEs of special interest, the IRs were 4.33 per 100 PY for serious infections and infestations, 5.78 per 100 PY for herpes zoster, no event of Tuberculosis, 0.29 per 100 PY for malignancy, 0.29 per 100 PY for venous thromboembolism (one event of DVT and no event of PE), 0.87 per 100 PY for MACE, and Mortality was 0.58 per 100 PY. Moreover, approximately 40.48% and 21.60% of patients achieved LDA and remission of DAS28-ESR. The EULAR response was classified as good responders with 39.12% in DAS28-ESR.

CONCLUSIONS
The benefit/risk profile of tofacitinib in adult patients with RA in routine clinical settings in Korea was similar to long-term clinical trial data.


Several new flue-cured tobacco varieties,introduced from Chinese Tobacco Genetic Breeding Research Center,were planted in four main cigarette production counties of Guangxi,viz.,Jingxi,Longlin,Nandan and Fuchuan.The main agronomic and economic traits,resistance to diseases and appearance quality were observed at different stages of growth.Out of all the varieties tested,variety Yunyan 97 showed better adaptability,superior economic traits and strong resistance to diseases compared to control.Yunyan 97 also showed better characteristics in terms of good maturity degree and easy roasting,bisque color of roasted leaf with loose structure,higher oil content and fragrance,and soothing inherent chemical components.The variety YH05 had more effective leaves,high yield and output and strong resistance to diseases compared to the control,however,its leaves were thin and not easy to roast,and the color of roasted leaves was inclined to light.Varieties Zhongyan 103 and Zhongyan 201 had inferior economic traits compared to the control except for resistance to diseases.


Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were first used to designate micro organisms that had had genes from other species transferred into their genetic material by the then-new techniques of 'gene-splicing.' Cultivation of GMOs has so far been most widespread in the production of soybeans and maize. The United States holds almost three-fourths of the total crop area devoted to GMOs. Because many crops have been imported from the US, there is a large possibility for consumers to intake the products of GMOs in Korea. The safety of GMOs is not scientifically settled at this time, however. Additionally, the research regarding the GMOs issue of consumers has rarely been conducted in Korea. This study therefore focused on the consumer attitudes about GMOs and willingness to purchase them. The data were collected from 506 adults living in Seoul, Daegu and Busan, Korea, by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted by SPSS. The results of the survey were as follows. First, the consumer concerns about GMOs were high but recognition was low; many respondents answered they did not have exact information about GMOs, although they had heard about them. Second, almost 93% of the respondents desired the labelling of GMOs. Third, the level of acceptance of GMOs was high; two-thirds of the respondents showed that they were willing to buy GMOs. Finally, many respondents worried about the safety of GMOs in that 73% of the respondents primarily wanted to be informed about safety of GMOs. This study suggests that the consumer education about GMOs should be conducted through mass media and consumer protection organisations.


Perfusion CMR is an attractive imaging modality that is becoming comparable with other clinically diagnostic tests. SPECT and PET are well clinically validated and have good accuracy for detection of significant CAD. However, these techniques have a rather low spatial resolution and are not suitable for the detection of subendocardial perfusion defect. In addition, the radiation burden, the potential for attenuation artefacts (SPECT) and the limited availability (PET) are limitations of these imaging techniques. An integrated assessment of myocardial perfusion, function and viability is feasible with CMR. In addition, compared to other clinically available imaging techniques, CMR perfusion has excellent spatial resolution and no ionising radiation exposure. However, it is not widely available and there is a need of protocol and pulse sequence standardization. Most perfusion analysis remains observer-dependent ("eyeball" analysis) or dependent on bolus dispersion (semi-quantitative analysis). Fully quantitative analysis using CMR perfusion is currently time-consuming for clinical application. Perfusion CMR is an evolving field with numerous future directions.


In the laminated solid electrolytic capacitor, comprising: a plurality of solid electrolytic capacitor element (10), a first end region (1g) solid electrolytic capacitor element (10) is connected to each anode body (1) by a spacer (12 ) connected to each other. A first end surface of the solid electrolytic capacitor element (10) of adjacent anode body (1), (1c) of electrically conductive members may be connected to each other via (11).


Traditional testing is based on applying signals to circuit inputs and observing logic stale of outputs. However, with the introduction of CMOS technology a new test technique emerged, that is based on applying signal inputs and observing standby electrical current. This technique is known as IDDQ testing. In most CMOS circuits, when all inputs are frozen in place and circuit transient activities settle down, the current drops by 3-5 orders of magnitude below normal levels. During testing, if there is a deviation from this behavior a defect is detected. While parametric test of electric current has always been popular (including in bipolar and NMOS technologies) to detect a short between power supply lines, the promise of IDDQ test is that it will also allow detection of bridging between signal nets and transistor stuck-on faults in CMOS circuits. However, in reality, the resolution of the size of the defect is limited by the magnitude of stand-by current. Since normal process variation can cause a shift in stand-by current by two orders of magnitude, choosing a single threshold for IDDQ defect detection is impractical. Many ideas have been proposed to overcome this problem, most of which are based on choosing an adaptive cut-off point for a wafer, or a lot. In this paper, we suggest a technique, that in concept, is akin to setting an individual cutoff point for a die. The concept has been validated based on actual data.


For success in business and professional needs is virgin plans and new ideas. Creative and entrepreneurial managers have this feature in their employees, to make appropriate use. Competition in business, money, Business Development, Optimum utilization of manpower, product quality and increase organizational efficiency, new methods require all the workplace conditions and needs time to coordinate Creative service employees may be crucial in ensuring organizational performance. The associated variables with employees creativity in exchange organization are examined in the study. This study considers a conceptual model that is determinant of employees creativity. To test the hypotheses, aquestionnaire of 35 questions designed that is valued 0 to 100 and distraibuted among the population(exchange organization),the total 205 patients of the main branches of clients who have had experience using the online system .The method used in this research is descriptive survey. The path analysis method was used to test the hypotheses, and the AMOS soft wareis used for statistical analysis of data .The results of the study show the significant impact of variables on employees creativity, however, the motivation and reward has had the greatest impact on employees creativity among them.


: Irritational fibromas are reactive lesions by which the body defends itself against constant irritation. It is most commonly observed in old age groups. This is mainly attributed to irritation by ill-fitting prosthodontic appliances. However, in the herein demonstrated case report, we present a case of a young adult who suffered from a giant irritational fibroma arising from the upper labial mucosa. The lesion had a history of starting 15 years earlier. Further history indicated the cause to be a childhood trauma to deciduous teeth. The size of the lesion was unexpectedly large compared to the classical picture of reactive lesions. The case received the appropriate investigations through radiography and biopsy; together with history and staged treatment planning, the case was successfully managed. The report emphasizes the important role of detailed history in reaching a diagnosis. It also clarifies that it is not the size of the lesion that differs for the diagnosis, but it is rather the clinical behavior.


Okay #ds106 #clmooc need your help on a new collaborative song . Son wrote song in shower and typed up lyrics on blog.


This paper builds on two separate but linked streams of research. It reviews the short sea research conducted in North America, where large-scale studies have been undertaken in both Canada and the USA over the past five years. These are compared and contrasted with studies from Australia, where coastal shipping has also received considerable attention, including a government investigation into the industry. This paper examines the lessons from these studies by answering four research questions, drawing conclusions about the role of the regulatory environment in promoting or deterring the development of land transport-competitive short sea services. It also identifies research agenda gaps remaining. The paper focuses on what governments need to consider if they seek to induce switching from land modes, like truck or rail, to coastal shipping in order to revitalise the domestic industry or improve GHG-efficiency in the transport sector or both.


Helping college freshmen to learn basic computer programming is a longstanding research topic. Various environments, tools and languages have been developed to ease the initial steps of novice programmers. However, to be used to their full extent, such artifacts should be better combined with an appropriate learning approach. This work describes pre-term workshops offered to Computer Engineering undergraduate freshmen that combines the use of the Scratch learning environment with a learning approach based on peer support, game development and a strategy of challenge-response. Results are derived from quantitative data analysis: surveys and artifact analysis. Students evaluated the workshop well: they found it stimulant, lightweight, with good teaching, useful, well-organized, and conducive to learning. Results suggest the effectiveness of the approach to reduce initial difficulties for freshmen learning programming concepts.


The establishment of primary care trusts (PCTs) is a radical reorganization of the NHS. This paper examines primary care groups (PCGs) making an early change to trust status, comparing them with those adopting a longer timetable for the change. The data are derived from the National Tracker Survey of primary care groups and trusts (random sample of 72 PCGs, 15% of the 481 PCGs in England, and five purposively sampled early PCTs) conducted in 1999 and 2000. The main source of data consisted of interviews with Chief Officers (response rates: 1999, 100%; 2000, 97%). In total, 43% of PCGs had become PCTs by April 2001, and 90% expect to become PCTs by April 2002. Integration of primary and community health services, focusing on local needs and innovation in service development, were common reasons for wanting to become a PCT. These trusts were more likely to cite autonomy as a reason, and were also more likely to believe that they had the support of professional stakeholders, but a substantial minority reported that they did not have the active support of GPs and other primary care staff. Although early trusts had slightly more experience of GP-led commissioning, there was no evidence that they were performing better than later trusts in their core functions of developing primary care, improving quality and commissioning services. The rapid progress from PCGs to PCTs does not seem to reflect the process of developmental learning and building on experience initially envisaged by government. Evidence from earlier NHS reforms indicates that time taken to build capacity, develop relationships and secure stakeholder support is associated with success. There appears to be a tension between central control over the implementation of NHS reforms and the desire to devolve budgets and responsibilities to local level.


A prototype 425-850 MHz Radio-Frequency-over-Fiber (RFoF) link for the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is presented. The design is based on a directly modulated Fabry-Perot (FP) laser, operating at ambient temperature, and a single-mode fiber. The dynamic performance, gain stability, and phase stability of the RFoF link are characterized. Tests on a two-element interferometer built at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory for CHIME prototyping demonstrate that RFoF can be successfully used as a cost-effective solution for analog signal transport on the CHIME telescope and other large-array radio astronomy applications.


Residual material in processing equipment is today and will in the future continue to be one of the major problems in controlling and accounting for nuclear material. Existing facilities were designed for product quantity, quality, and safety; not for minimization and quantification of residual material in process. With the development of measurement systems, and with enhanced material control and accounting practices and procedures, inventory differences have been emphasized. The improvement in processing input and output measurements has highlighted the problems of quantifying residual process material. The primary purpose for quantifying material held up in process is to determine the inventory difference and its related uncertainties or statistical variances. This qualification and its associated problems must be addressed if we are to prevent, deter, and detect theft and/or diversion of nuclear materials.


Improved resistive switching characteristics are demonstrated in a hybrid device with Pt/Ti/MnO (thin film)/MnO (nanoparticle)/Pt structure. The hybrid devices of MnO thin film and nanoparticle assembly were fabricated. MnO nanoparticles with an average diameter of ∼30 nm were chemically synthesized and assembled as a monolayer on a Pt bottom electrode. A MnO thin film of ∼40 nm thickness was deposited on the nanoparticle assembly to form the hybrid structure. Resistive switching could be induced by the formation and rupture of conducting filaments in the hybrid oxide layers. The hybrid device exhibited very stable unipolar switching with good endurance and retention characteristics. It showed a larger and stable memory window with a uniform distribution of SET and RESET voltages. Moreover, the conduction mechanisms of ohmic conduction, space-charge-limited conduction, Schottky emission, and Poole–Frenkel emission have been investigated as possible conduction mechanisms for the switching of the devices. Using MnO nanoparticles in the thin film and nanoparticle heterostructures enabled the appropriate control of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices and markedly improved their memory characteristics.


ETRI Journal, Volume 27, Number 1, February 2005 ABSTRACT⎯A polymer-based planar-lightwave-circuittype variable optical attenuator (VOA) was fabricated using a hot embossing process. With an optimized one-step embossing process, forty micro-channels for the guidance of light were defined on a polymer thin film with an accuracy of ± 0.5 μm. The fabricated polymeric thermo-optic VOA shows 30 dB attenuation with 110 mW electrical input power at 1.55 μm. The rise and fall times are less than 5 ms.


AISI 310 quality austenitic stainless steel, C ratio less than 0.25, is one of the most widely used and most durable steels designed for industrial applications. Finite element method (FEM) is a metric that provides the solution of complex engineering problems with controllable parts that can be reduced by the base. Applied in this study, 40 mm outer diameter, AISI 310 stainless steel cylinder containing mechanical properties are modeled in Ansys Workbench 12.0 module. The design is performed by fixing the cylindrical steel from the substrate support zone. The static structural solution of the steel was analyzed by applying a force of 1000 N in the -y-axis direction from the steel top plate zone. In Ansys software, deformation deformation of cylindrical steel, simulating solution in Workbench module and finite element method, max.min. stress and elastic stresses, and vectorial component analyzes. As a result of the analyzes, it was observed that the charge distributions effected by the static structure of the cylindrical steel were concentrated in the upper and lower regions. Keywords— AISI 310, Ansys Workbench, Finite element method, Static structure.


The low nitrogen retained dose due to competition from oxygen coimplantation diminishes the efficacy of nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation in silicon. In this work, we aim at improving the nitrogen retained dose by using ammonia as a precursor. Ammonia is introduced into the nitrogen plasma during plasma immersion ion implantation of silicon to improve the nitrogen reactivity and reduce the competition from oxygen in the residual vacuum. Our x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate that the ammonia precursor can indeed improve the N retained dose effectively, and the hydrophilic properties of the surface change with different ammonia to nitrogen ratios.


In this study, effects on biochemical characteristics of berry with yield and quality characteristics of 4 different cluster thinnings (8, 16, 24 and 32 cluster/vine) applied after berry set in Shiraz grape cultivar grown in Guney town of Denizli provience were investigated. Antioxidant activities of grape berries were determined according to DPPH, TEAC and FRAP methods and compared. Highest grape yield were obtained in the application of 32 cluster per vine (5576.70 g vine -1 ). While there were statistically any differences among applications with regard to cluster weight, cluster length and cluster width, there were statistically different among applications with regard to berry weight, berry width and berry length. While the highest berry weight was determined in application of 16 cluster per vine (1.62 g), the lowest berry weight was determined in application of 32 cluster per vine (1.51 g). The highest total phenol (285.20 mg GAE 100 g -1 ), total flavonoids (100.68 mg CTE 100 g -1 ) and total monomeric anthocyanin (3.29 mg g -1 ) were obtained in the application of 8 cluster per vine. It was determined that among applications,  there were no significant differences in antioxidant activities measured with DPPH and TEAC methods but there were significant differences in antioxidant activities measured with FRAP.


With the development of economic globalization and growing competition, patent right has been dissimilated as an implement of market competition,which is the result of both the promotion of the multinational corporations and growing market competition. The paper holds that the multinational corporations are implementing a strategy by means of combining their patents with technique criteria, which is a severe challenge to the developing countries. It proposes that the government and the enterprises should make joint efforts to respond to the challenge.


The purpose of this research has been to determine the primary types of defects that cause leaks and fractures in buried pipelines and the effect of environmental factors on these defects. Of particular interest are those defect types which fracture in a cleavage manner. The investigation of leaks and failures that have occurred in actual pipelines has also been conducted over the past year and a half. The purpose of this part of the program has been to accurately determine the cause of the field failures and to correlate the results with the laboratory results. This report summarizes the details of the latest experimental results and all of the field failure investigations to date, and contains a summary and interpretation of the results of the important crack initiation work.


Since 1990′s,with the fast development of politics,economics and cultures,a pleasing-the-public tendency in Chinese literature has grown prominence and is still going strong.The present paper,from two perspectives of philosophy and sociology ,not only states divergent expressions of this tendency but also makes analysis of its cause.Correct orientation of new century Chinese literature is also suggested in this paper.


Ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been used for the identification the PA 6 and PA 66 oligomers through their accurate m/z, CCS values and fragmentation pattern. An extraction method for the oligomers from sunflower oil, cooked beans, soup and whole milk has been developed with recoveries ranging from 87 to 102 %.


The evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) method evolves a structure from the full design domain towards an optimum by gradually removing inefficient material. The bi-directional ESO (BESO) may start from any initial design and evolve a structure to an optimum by adding and removing material simultaneously. In this paper, a detailed comparison between ESO and BESO has been carried out for stiffness optimization problems. Both 2D and 3D examples shows that the BESO method possesses many advantages over the ESO method such as computational efficiency, robustness of the method and manufacturability of the final topology.


The Coca-Cola Company is the undisputed global leader in the cola industry. Despite its size and marketing savvy, the company has faced a barrage of competition from new companies in the Middle East and some parts of Europe. These companies have tried to create a niche for themselves by tapping into the anti-U.S. sentiment that prevails among a section of population in these markets. We review three such competitors, Zam Zam Cola, Mecca Cola, and Qibla Cola and their strategies for challenging the global giant.


The utility model discloses a household water-saving system, which comprises a washing machine, a water collecting tank and a closestool, wherein the water collecting tank is provided with a first water inlet, a second water inlet, an overflow and a water outlet, the first water inlet is used for collecting washing waste water, and is positioned at the upper part of the water collecting tank, the second water inlet is used for supplying tap water, is positioned at the upper part of the water collecting tank, and is provided with a tap water inlet valve, the overflow is positioned at the upper part of the water collecting tank and is under the first water inlet, the water outlet is positioned at the lower part of the water collecting tank, and is provided with a water draining device for sending water to an external pump, the first water inlet of the water collecting tank is communicated with the water draining pipe of the washing machine, the second water inlet is communicated with a tap water pipe through the water inlet valve, and controls the inflow of the tap water through a control system, the water tank of the closestool is communicated with the water outlet of the water collecting tank, and the control system controls the outflow of water in the water collecting tank. By arranging the water collecting tank, the household water-saving system can effectively collect the washing waste water, can supply the water to the water tank of the closestool, can furthest save water resource, and is convenient for people for use in normal family life.


Wind power installation, comprising a windlass with at least one blade (2) of elongated rotor, which is mounted on the hub (3) of rotor reel through an assembly (1; 1 ', 52) bearing which has two elements (13, 14; 13 ', 14'; 53, 54) annular mutually rotatable for directly or indirectly connecting the one hand, with the end (5) rear sheet (2) of rotor referred, and the hub (3) of the rotor vane, on the other, and at least two raceways mutually displaced axially bodies (24, 25; 61, 62) rotating rolling presenting bodies (24, 25; 61, 62) rolling two raceways mutually axially displaced an approximately cylindrical shape, ie with a side surface (26) each, which is symmetric rotationally with respect to exactly one axis (31; 69; 70) of rotation in particular shaped cylinder, cone, needle, barrel, said bodies (, 25, 24 61, 62) having rolling oriented so that their axes (31; 69; 70) of rotation intersect the longitudinal axis of the blade (2) rotor referring an angle that is between 30 and 90 degrees, and the blade (2) rotor having embodied as a lateral surface (4) surrounding a interior cavity whose lateral surface (26) a trace cylindrical sleeve on the end (5) rear of the blade (2) rotor is transformed to a surface (6) butt joint, back, characterized in that on the surface of rear union are provided holes (7) blind, arranged in a crown, which, on the one hand, lead to a body (8) anchor, mounted on the blade (2) of the rotor, of a hard material, for example, iron, continuing as threaded holes interiorly, and on the other hand, correspond in terms of number, diameter and orientation with perforations (17; 57) passing, arranged in a crown element (13; 13 '; 53) respective joint, so that they are in prolongation and therefore allow the insertion of a pin (19) on each anchor.


The problem of estimating the diameter of narrow coronary arteries with low measurement error and variability remains unresolved. Current methods for improving measurements increase accuracy at the expense of reproducibility and vice-versa. To address this problem, we have constructed a parametric model for X-ray cine-angiography that accurately captures the non-linearity of the process. In addition, we have derived a practical method for the estimation of the image model parameters directly from the angiographic data. These developments make it possible to use absolute image intensity values to improve the diameter estimation quality. We have characterized the performance and sensitivity of this technique by using Monte Carlo simulation and by using actual X-ray image data. Our results show that this estimator is robust to the expected range of encountered imaging conditions and produces lower estimation error and variability than existing methods. This quality enhancement is greatest for narrow vessel widths associated with severe coronary disease.


Persistent nausea and vomiting associated with hyperemesis gravidarum in early pregnancy remains a significant health problem that result in negative side effects on women and their pregnancy. The aim of the study: Was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurses using for P6 acupressure on nausea, vomiting and retching in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: A Randomized clinical Trial was used, the study conducted on 120 women diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum admitted to maternity high risk care unit Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt in a period of six months and divided randomly in P6 acupressure and conventional therapy group. Data were collected by two tools; 1 st A structured Interviewing Questionnaire Schedule and 2 nd Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching (INVR). Results: It showed that there no statistically significant difference was found in baseline characteristics of nausea, vomiting and dry retching scores between the P6acupressure and conventional therapy group; while there was significant decrease in the average mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching and the total score from base line to 4 th day. Difference between the base line improvements in conventional group is significantly better than acupressure group in different days. The rate of improvement compared in P6 acupressure to conventional was 71.9% to 100% respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that using of P6-acupressure has an effective role in reducing nausea, vomiting and retching episodes in women with hyperemesis gravidarum.


Network embedding transforms a network into a continuous feature space. Network augmentation, on the other hand, leverages this feature representation to obtain a more informative network by adding potentially plausible edges while removing noisy edges. Traditional network embedding methods are often inefficient in capturing - (i) the latent relationship when the network is sparse (the network sparsity problem), and (ii) the local and global neighborhood structure of vertices (structure preserving problem). We propose SENA, a structural embedding and network augmentation framework for social network analysis. Unlike other embedding methods which only generate vertex features, SENA generates features for both vertices and relations (edges) by minimizing a well-designed objective function composed of a loss function and a regularization. The loss function reduces the network-sparsity problem by learning from both the edges present (true edges) and absent (false edges) in the network; whereas the regularization term preserves the structural properties of the network by efficiently considering - (i) the local neighborhood of vertices and edges, and (ii) the network spectra, i.e., eigenvectors of a symmetric matrix representing the network. We compare SENA with four baseline network embedding methods, namely DeepWalk, SE, SME and TransE. We demonstrate the efficacy of SENA through a task-based evaluation setting on different real-world networks. We consider the state-of-the-art algorithms for (i) community detection, (ii) link prediction and (iii) knowledge graph query answering, and show that with SENA's representation, these algorithms achieve up to 10%, 9% and (surprisingly) 108% higher accuracy respectively compared to the best baseline embedding methods.


Li Yuxian, a first class poet in late Qing dynasty, had been famous for dozens of years for his significant poetic talent. His poems were popular in home and abroad. Zeng Guofan, a literary master in Qing dynasty, compared him to Li Taibai, a renowned poet in Tang dynasty. Sheng Bao, a newspaper in Shanghai, considered his poems as good as those of Du Fu, a great poet in Tang dynasty. Huang Zunxian, a revolutionary leader in poetic circle, said:" Li Yuxian is an old famous poet in Zhongzhou,...though I have not met with him, I have admired him for a long time." Unfortunately, in about 100 years, Li Yuxian has seldom been studied and has come to be forgotten , but he cannot be forgotten.