A novel in-line technique utilising pulsed terahertz radiation for direct measurement of the film coating thickness of individual tablets during the coating process was previously developed and demonstrated on a production-scale coater. Here, we use this technique to monitor the evolution of tablet film coating thickness and its inter-tablet variability during the coating process under a number of different process conditions that have been purposefully induced in the production-scale coating process. The changes that were introduced to the coating process include removing the baffles from the coater, adding uncoated tablets to the running process, halting the drum, blockage of spray guns and changes to the spray rate. The terahertz sensor was able to pick up the resulting changes in average coating thickness in the coating drum and we report the impact of these process changes on the resulting coating quality. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:2513–2522, 2015


The development history of internal control theory was introduced and the research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars about internal control of minor manufacturing enterprise were sorted. Then an internal control framework for minor manufacturing enterprise was built based on comprehensive risk management combining with internal control and risk management current situation of minor manufacturing enterprise and correlation analysis,so as to improve the internal control theoretical system and provide a reference for the practice of minor manufacturing enterprise in China.


We present results on the relationships of the covering property G Φ,Ψ ð Þ for Φ,Ψ∈ O,Λ,Ω,Γ f g and G∈ S1, Sfin,Ufin f g of a topological space and the selection property G Φ0,Ψ0 ð Þ of the corresponding family of real functions. The result already published are presented without a proof, however with a citation of the corresponding paper. We present a general Theorem that covers almost all the result of this kind. Some results about hereditary properties are enclosed. We also present Scheepers Diagram of considered covering properties for uncountable covers.


Using the UE financial resources within fund the projects require meet the conditions. One of the conditions is the evidence of the expenses and costs of projects. The goal of this article is to the performance of principles of documenting the expenses and costs qualifying to the co-financing with UE centres. The article's development was preceded by literature studies and the legal connected from funding projects realized with UE centres acts. The main of the method in this article are the analysis of sources and the method of deduction and the induction. The introduced in article procedure of


We present a novel, online algorithm for exact summation of a stream of floating-point numbers. By "online" we mean that the algorithm needs to see only one input at a time, and can take an arbitrary length input stream of such inputs while requiring only constant memory. By "exact" we mean that the sum of the internal array of our algorithm is exactly equal to the sum of all the inputs, and the returned result is the correctly-rounded sum. The proof of correctness is valid for all inputs (including nonnormalized numbers but modulo intermediate overflow), and is independent of the number of summands or the condition number of the sum. The algorithm asymptotically needs only 5 FLOPs per summand, and due to instruction-level parallelism runs only about 2--3 times slower than the obvious, fast-but-dumb "ordinary recursive summation" loop when the number of summands is greater than 10,000. Thus, to our knowledge, it is the fastest, most accurate, and most memory efficient among known algorithms. Indeed, it is difficult to see how a faster algorithm or one requiring significantly fewer FLOPs could exist without hardware improvements. An application for a large number of summands is provided.


Reported adverse event known and documented in the labeling (including both short or long term known complications or adverse reactions).


The measurement of the dilution and die-off of fecal coliforms in high velocity, wind-generated surface currents is discussed. The dispersion in the streaks is similar to that found in oil slicks. It was found that the high velocities and slower growth rate of the dispersion in the streaks resulted in fecal coliform levels about four times higher than those found in water areas not affected by the streaking. Key words: surface streaks, fecal coliforms—dilution, bacterial levels.


The Bethe-Salpeter equations for spin zero diquark composites in the color superconducting phase of Nf = 2 and Nf = 3 cold dense QCD are studied. The explicit form of the spectrum of the diquarks with the quantum numbers of the (pseudo-) Nambu-Goldstone bosons is derived.


Maps have become common on the Internet. One year ago the number of maps, displayed or consulted through the web estimated was 200.000.000 per day (Peterson, 2001)! Google's Search images engine delivered a harvest of 548.000 (static) maps! (van den Worm, 2002). Most web maps have not been displayed on special request of the web user but just appear on the screen as an integrated part of a specific site (van Elzakker, 2001). When trying to classify web map-designers, there may be four main groups distinguishable: hobbyists, professional graphic and website designers, GIS users and Cartographers (with or without web map design experience). Web graphics, such as maps, are distributed through the web in raster or vector format. Referring to the applied file-format it is an interesting question whether there is a relationship between the designers of web maps and the applied file format. Despite their numerous advantages, vector-based maps (such as those stored in SVG or Flash format) are still scarce on the web and mostly designed nor by GIS-users nor by cartographers. This paper concentrates on some of the most obvious advantages of vector-based web maps for the presentation of geo -data.


AbstractEstimation of seepage losses is important in the management of an irrigation scheme because such losses significantly affect the efficiency of water usage. An attempt was made to determine seepage losses as a function of soil texture. Losses were measured three times, with the inflow-outflow method, for each of the 30 channels made of sandy loam, clay, clay loam, silt clay, and silt loam (six channels for each soil texture), and the soil-specific losses were determined. The soil-specific values were validated in terms of computing outflows. The maximum seepage of 294  mm day−1 was found for sandy loam, followed by 200, 185, 144, and 96  mm day−1 for silt loam, silty clay, clay loam, and clay material channels, respectively. Two empirical equations requiring soil type constants were also evaluated—namely, the Moritz formula and the Molesworth and Yennidunia formula. Investigation using these two equations for seepage estimation showed either underestimation or overestimation for the soil textures i...


Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is spreading steadily, and the dispersed PV array system is increasing from the architectural restrictions. In the case of dispersed array system, if the arrays are installed in a different azimuth or if the module that constitutes array is different, mismatching loss will be generated when a single inverter is used to convert the output of arrays, because of the difference of optimal operating voltage. The loss is related to the array configuration. However the relation between array configuration and power generation output is not clear. In order to avoid generation of mismatching loss, introducing a distributed inverter system such as string inverter system or AC modules system is considered. However it is not clear which is more advantageous between a distributed system and a concentrated system.In this paper, we verified the output characteristics of two different solar cell arrays with various strings, azimuths and tilt angles, and clarified the relation between array configuration and power generation output by the computer simulations. We also compared the distributed inverter system with the concentrated inverter system, and clarified the optimal configuration of PV system with different solar cell arrays.


Introduction: The first line treatment in our centre for Morton's neuroma (MN), sufficient to warrant intervention, is a peri-neural Ultrasound guided injection of corticosteroid (USI). The NHS will soon implement 18 week referral to treatment targets. A prospective study was performed whereby from 2004–6, referral letters from General Practitioners suggesting a diagnosis specifically of Morton's neuroma, resulted in randomised assignment to either direct referral for USI or to the specialist Foot and Ankle outpatient clinic. Patients with less specific referral letters were evaluated in clinic and referred for USI as appropriate. A comparison was made of the sensitivity and specificity of the referral pathways, financial implications and the time to treatment (TTT). Results: 121 patients were referred for USI. Of 57 patients for whom the GP had diagnosed a MN, 40 (70%) had the diagnosis confirmed on USI (other diagnoses were: 7 NAD, 3 ganglions, 2 bursae, 2 degenerative change, 1 glomus tumour, 1 angioleiomyoma, 1 SOL); this was comparable to the overall number referred to radiology with a suspected MN (69%). In the directly referred group, the mean TTT was 115 days (95%CI = 89 – 141), compared to 241 days (95%CI = 223 – 259) for those patients who went via a Foot and Ankle clinic. P Conclusion: For patients with features highly suggestive of a Morton's neuroma, direct referral from primary care for USI has a similar sensitivity and specificity to referral from a specialist hospital clinic and the TTT is significantly shorter. The mean wait of this group is within the 18 week government target without any changes to our current radiology protocols. Using this direct referral protocol we saved 29 outpatient appointments; if followed for all eligible patients we would have saved 57 outpatient appointments.


Assessment in Education has taken the opportunity of the advent of the millennium to invite distinguished scholars to contribute their views about the history and current state of assessment. We have asked historians as well as practitioners to think about assessment and to evaluate its importance at different times and in different societies. Imperial China is widely regarded as having introduced the Ž rst systematic assessment system for civil service appointment (see Miyazaki, 1976, for a detailed description). Han Min and Yang Xiuwen brie y review this history and then discuss the evolution of assessment during the twentieth century, especially the period of the People's Republic from 1949. The resulting system was a highly centralised model, as in the Imperial tradition, which changed as political and economic circumstances dictated. The controversies that resulted, especially after the end of the Cultural Revolution, are discussed in terms that will be familiar to readers in other systems: concentration on test taking at the expense of wider education; excessive streaming and selection; performance league tables; a view that assessment reform is able to address underlying concerns with education in general. Less well known are assessment practices in the Roman world. Here there was no formal system to match that of China, but assessment nevertheless was present within education. Rather than examinations, competitions between pupils (and others) served some of the same functions, allowing individual teachers to justify their achievements by pointing to their pupils' success in such competitions. Teresa Morgan discusses how this operated and how the criteria for success related to the cultural norms of the wider society. Historians of educational provisions and structures have long debated the nature of the relationships between mechanisms for ordering, measuring and managing groups of pupils or students and the ideological frameworks within which these are set. In focusing on assessment, the issues associated with the use of oral examination seemed worthy of particular attention. Barbara Kehm gives an account of the continuing use of oral examinations in German higher education and the debates which surround this. In counterpoint, Chris Stray explores the gradual disappearance of oral examinations from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the process he re ects on the complex relationship between the mechanics of the processes of assessment and changing, often con icting, notions of the uses of education. He shows, too, as does Teresa Morgan, how fragmentary, messy and often imperfectly articulated are the sources with which historians, trying to recover both practice and intention in past societies, must work. The relentless rise of the written examination in the Anglo-Saxon world is a theme carried forward by Gillian Sutherland. She uses an English case study to show how


In 2018, the estimated global cost of health care for patients with dementia is expected to be over 1 trillion dollars (United States currency). Dementia in many cases is caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which no viable treatment currently exists. Some significant risks in the development of AD are preventable, including diet‐related factors. One important diet‐related factor, dietary fats, is involved in key cellular processes. However, there is limited research on the role of dietary fats in the regulation of inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS). Non‐neuronal cells called microglia regulate the immune status of the CNS, and their dysregulated responses can lead to the enhanced release of cytotoxic mediators. These microglia‐released mediators can cause extensive neuron death, which is observed in AD. Metabolites of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) are well‐known for modulating peripheral and CNS inflammation. However, the effects of ALA and LA on microglia are unknown.


The article attempts to correlate the features of the funeral rite of a number of archaeological cultures that are now associated with ancient IndoEuropeans (Mariupol, Yamna, Catacomb, Middle Stog, Usatovo), and poetic clichés and mythological microtexts reconstructed for Common IndoEuropean period (Indo-European poetics). As a result of such a comparison, the semantics of certain elements of the funeral rite can be interpreted more fully, and the people of archaeological cultures are more reliably identified as locutors of Indo-European dialects. First, the list of poetic formulas from ancient Indo-European traditions, already known in the scientific literature, was compiled. Then this list was systematically classified into thematic groups: formulas related to the solar cult, the cult of glory, the cult of the horse etc. Paradigmatic connections (positive / negative semantics) were found within each of the groups of formulas. Finally, a correlation was made between individual formulas and the main mythological motifs of Indo-Europeans (like twin myth, snake-slaying, first human being). Thus, semantic combinations of motives, which are quite easy to compare, were derived. These motives and their sequences were analyzed in terms of their embodiment in the artifacts, i.e., in the ritual sign system of the funeral rite. It was found that the combination of human bodies, animals and objects of funeral rite of a number of archaeological cultures has a direct correlate in the identified Indo-European poetic formulas: paired burials may reflect the motif of twins, the presence of stone axes may correlate with the motif of snake fighting, non-obvious combinations of dog / horse / bull remnants in burials reflect the closeness of images of these animals in the poetic traditions of Indo-Europeans, connected to the cult of twins (two dogs / horses / bulls in Latvian and Ossetian folklore).


A situation regarding the units of measurement is developing with electrode potentials or reduction potentials that is analogous to the adoption of temperature scales.


Alkane Resources Ltd hopes a nondescript farming property 30km south of Dubbo in New South Wales will be its ticket into one of the world's most lucrative minerals markets.


The advent of freeze-fracture electron microscopy in the late 1950's provided a major breakthrough for cell biologists, enabling en face views of cell membranes and membrane leaflets. Continued developments through the 1960's and 70's featured ultrafast freezing techniques that complemented parallel advances in metal coating units. Rapidly frozen specimens, subjected to etching and rotary metal application gave birth to "deep-etching", rendering detailed replicas of cell surfaces, organelles, cytoskeletons, and macromolecules, with ~1-2 nm resolution and striking three-dimensional perspective.


Health problems faced by adolescents when they are very varied and related to risky sexual behavior. Sexual education is currently still considered taboo by the public because it is less appropriate to talk about and is private. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of parents in sexual education in adolescents. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with 12 participants who were determined by purposive sampling. The saturation data with 5 parent and 7 adolescents. Data validity test used source triangulation, member cheking, peer debrifing, and thick description. Data analysis using open code 4.03 software. This research is ethical with number No. 020 / EC-KEPK FKIK UMY / I / 2021.  The results showed that the role of parents in providing sex education to adolescents was caused by several factors, namely the closeness of children to their parents, parental education, parental divorce, parents' perceptions of sex education, perceptions of the importance of sex education, and parenting styles of parents to child, which affect the optimal role of parents in sex education for their children. To conclude, it is important for parents to provide sexual education to prevent risky sexual behavior, such as providing sexual education for adolescents, giving advice to children, supervising children's relationships, and providing rules for children.


Four applications of computer simulations in stereology are discussed and demonstrated: 1 systematic graphical classification of 3D tessellations with application to the grain size estimation based on the combination of profile and intercept counts with the coefficient of profile area variation 2 simulation and estimation of double stochastic processes with application to cavity formation under high-temperature creep loading 3 simulation of the intercrystalline fracture and stereology of fracture surfaces 4 estimation of the anisotropy of simulated spatial fibre processes.


Objective: To compare knowledge retention of the two learning methods: online (OPBL) and in-class problem-based learning (IPBL). Methods: A pre and post-test study design of the three-week research project was performed in volunteered students from two-academic year. After completing the pretest, the IPBL group performed an activity test. Then the instructor held an open discussion for further explanation and clarification. Afterwards, students performed a diagnostic test to earn their achievement score. The 3-hour activities in each learning specification part took place exactly a week apart. The contrary, the OPBL group performed all tests by log on the website. The online program not only established their weaknesses and urged them to explore core knowledge, but also recorded students' profiles. After three weeks, the post-test was arranged for both groups. Four week later, the final test was managed without prior notice. The pretest, post-test and final test forms were parallel under the same table of specifications. Results: The pretest, post-test and final test scores of the IPBL group and the OPBL group were 4.57± 2.92, 23.74± 7.58, and 12.70± 5.19; 4.94± 6.31, 31.67± 7.07, and 25.77± 5.9 respectively. The growths of knowledge after the post-test and after the final test as well as the retention of knowledge of the IPBL group and the OPBL group were 54.32%, 22.64%, and 68.32%; 76.01%, 59.63%, and 83.64% respectively. Conclusion: The OPBL yielded the better knowledge retention. The key success factors might depend on students' achievement motive and a sense of self-actualization.


Data for positive and negative pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets are found to satisfy factorization tests in the kinematic region Q2 > 2 GeV2, 0.2 2 GeV, Mx > 1.5 GeV, and 0.3 < z < 0.6.


Water management is the key to meeting the growing need to conserve the scarce water resources and protect the environment. Water management involves an integrated approach to water treatment, waste water treatment, water recycle and product recovery. However, water recycle being a new concept, this paper analyses waste water recycle in the fertiliser industry.


In the medical world and the WHO, the custom of smoking, which is the biggest risk factor in all diseases, including periodontal disease, is no longer viewed as a question of preference, but instead is now recognized as symptomatic of nicotine dependence. Those organizations recommend smoking cessation and also recommend that preventive education be given to individuals who may become smokers in the future. The dental clinic uses a recall system comprised of periodic doctor examinations and oral hygiene management by dental hygienists, which makes the dental office an effective and suitable environment for smoking cessation support. For all disease treatments, the causes and risk factors should first be eliminated.


In this paper we aim to propose a Web-Of-Objects (WoO) based Energy Management System (WEMS) for providing a solution to efficiently manage energy consumption in smart home environment. The general goal of the WoO is to simplify object and application deployment, maintenance and operation in Internet of Things infrastructures. WoO also intends to propose service architecture system to support an intelligent features through an objectification and virtualization of the physical things. Object virtualization ensures harmonization, federation and combination of objects as well as services in the WEMS. Semantic ontology plays a vital role in WoO for ensuring the information reusability, extensibility and interoperability among virtual objects. It enables WEMS to be easily deployable in the real environment. This system can be applicable to building, home and factory, particularly we consider a home environment in this paper.


© Henry Stewart Publications 1752-9646 (2016). The popular diagnosis of the 'housing crisis' afflicting England, particularly in London and the South East, is of acute housing under-supply. Not enough new homes are being built, and the scarcity of housing where it is needed is driving up prices, resulting in widespread unaffordability and all the socio-economic challenges that follow. All the main political parties have committed to programmes of accelerated housebuilding, highlighting ways to sidestep the sluggish planning system and build consensus for rapid development. An opposing diagnosis of the crisis has emerged in recent years, however, claiming that available housing space in England is now double, per capita, what it was 100 years ago. England's - and London's - housing problems are rooted in unequal distribution, and not simply in the under-supply of new homes. Inequality in access to the housing resource results from an increased reliance on market allocation and a rising tide of domestic and international investment, concentrated in the London property market, but which causes price distortions to ripple outwards. This paper argues that, although data are scarce and contested, with regard to investment buying, the asset value attached to housing is a key market driver, which cannot be addressed solely through additional housing supply.


In the article on Plato Republic 421B, by Mr. A. S. Ferguson, in the Classical Quarterly, Vol. XIII., the following corrections should be made: P. 163, 1. 6, for holiday-workers read holiday-makers. n. I, for I, 123a 6 read 1123a 6. P. 164, 1. 5, for πρóς read πρóς. P. 165, 1. 16, after οῖóν τɛ insert οἴει.


Drug-loaded hydrophilic polymeric composite (HPC) is one of the most promising biomaterials for resolving the long-standing challenge of the development of oral solid formulations for insoluble drugs. With polyvinylpyrrolidone K10 (PVP) as polymeric carrier and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as a surface active agent, a new type of HPC was fabricated for enhancing the dissolution of quercetin using an electrospraying process. A solvent mixture consisting of acetic acid, acetone and ethanol were exploited to prepare the co-dissolving solution of quercetin, PVP, and SDS for creating HPC. Both the sprayed nanoparticles and casting film fabricated using a thermal solvent evaporation process were amorphous composites, as demonstrated by the XRD results. ATR-FTIR spectra verified that the drug and the pharmaceutical carriers had good compatibility. In vitro dissolution experiments showed that the sprayed HPC could provide an over ten-fold faster dissolution rate than the casting film. Electrospraying is a facile method for developing new kinds of HPCs for insoluble drugs.


A sediment sequence recovered from the Vega Drift, Antarctica was analyzed for benthic foraminifera to determine Holocene oceanographic and climatic variability of the northern Antarctic Peninsula margin. Core NBP0003-JPC38, collected during cruise 00-03 of the R.V. Nathaniel B. Palmer recovered 20.53 meters of Holocene glacio-marine sediments. Samples were collected every 4 cm for foraminiferal analyses. The data were analyzed using principal component and cluster analyses. Results of these analyses show significant stratigraphic changes in the benthic foraminiferal record of the Vega Drift. Three assemblages characterize the core, including the Miliammina arenacea, Textularia wiesneri, and Stainforthia fusiformis assemblages. Most agglutinated forms tend to decrease downcore, and comparisons to modern analogues imply post-depositional disintegration, while calcareous taxa indicate non-corrosive bottom waters. The lower to middle Holocene Vega Drift sediments are characterized by the calcareous S. fusiformis assemblage and glacial plume sediments. This assemblage is characterized by calcareous forms including Globocassidulina biora, G. subglobosa, and Nonionella iridea. The planktic species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is associated with the S. fusiformis assemblage. The S. fusiformis assemblage is faunally similar to assemblages described in fjords of the western Antarctic Peninsula and indicates non-corrosive bottom water. Sediments of the mid to upper Holocene interval are characterized by the T. wiesneri and M. arenacea assemblages and indicate the presence of Hyper Saline Shelf Water. These assemblages are similar to modern assemblages directly to the south in the Prince Gustav Channel. The upper Holocene is marked by several small intervals with taxonomic characteristics similar to the S. fusiformis assemblage, indicating periodic introduction of non-corrosive bottom water to the Vega Drift.


Mobile environments rapidly changing and digital convergence widely employed, mobile devices including smart phones have been playing a critical role that changes users' lifestyle in the areas of entertainments, businesses and information services. The various services using mobile devices are developing to meet the personal needs of users in the mobile environments. Especially, an LBS (Location-Based Service) is combined with other services and contents such as augmented reality, mobile SNS (Social Network Service), games, and searching, which can provide convenient and useful services to mobile users. In this paper, we design and implement the prototype of mobile personal assistant (PA) agents. Our personal assistant agent helps users do some tasks by hiding the complexity of difficult tasks, performing tasks on behalf of the users, and reflecting the preferences of users. To identify user's preferences and provide personalized services, clustering and classification algorithms of data mining are applied. The clusters of the log data using clustering algorithms are made by measuring the dissimilarity between two objects based on usage patterns. The classification algorithms produce user profiles within each cluster, which make it possible for PA agents to provide users with personalized services and contents. In the experiment, we measured the classification accuracy of user model clustered using clustering algorithms. It turned out that the classification accuracy using our method was increased by 17.42%, compared with that using other clustering algorithms.


Six plant species were germinated in sand wetted with water extracts of tissues of five field crops and three soils. Deionized water was used as a check f he study was conducted using standard seed germination techniques.Alter 7 to 10 days all of the germinated seeds were harvested and measurements made of the shoot and root lengths.Alfalfa extract caused the greatest reduction in shoot and root length as well as m percentage germination. It caused the greatest increase in the time required for germination. Timothy extract was not quite as harmful as the alfalfa. Extracts of oats, corn and potatoes were still less harmful with potato extract causing the least effect.The soil extracts generally had very little effect when compared with deionized water.Plant species showed marked differences in tolerance to the extracts alfalfa being the most resistant and timothy the least.Where water alone was used rate of germination and per cent germination were as high or higher than with the other extracts, but the ro...


Over two years the nature reserve "Rugenseemoor" was investigated due to the composition of the biocoenoses of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera. Altogether 105 species of Macrolepidoptera and 15 species of Trichoptera were found. The nearly natural biocoenosis of Lepidoptera consists to a great extent of hygrophilous and mesophilous taxa. Their larvae prefer woods and herbal vegetation of semi-humid and humid areas. The association is composed of species originated from related wooden areas (taxa TELMA Band 34 Seite 155 171 5 Abb., 3 Tab. Hannover, November 2004


The aim of this study is to introduce and explain two dimensions of reality which, insofar as they structure thought, are typically excluded from our thought contents. The first is related to the order of spatial scales and the second is related to the order of temporal scales. We introduce two additional coordinate axes, one for the spatial scales and one for the temporal scales, to represent these orders. Various geometrical, physical, and systemic aspects of these new dimensions are treated, as well as the related concept of (a hierarchy of) functional or descriptional levels and the role of interaction between them. Using the scale perspective may contribute to developing a model of consciousness that is at once specific and allows for the infinite complexity and subjective contents which seem to undermine purely mechanistic models of consciousness.


Abstract 2748 Purpose: Prediction of treatment outcome in the context of specific therapies is a major goal of clinical research. Monosomal karyotype has been established as an independent prognostic marker in patients with AML treated with chemotherapy. Our goal was to investigate the prognostic value of a monosomal karyotype (MK) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis in patients with high risk AML who received a first allogeneic HCT from an HLA-compatible donor in one out of six major German transplant centers between 01/2005 and 12/2008. Chromosomal aberrations were classified according to ELN criteria. Monosomal karyotype was defined as two or more distinct autosomal monosomies or one single autosomal monosomy in the presence of structural abnormalities. Survival endpoints were analysed in a complete case analysis with Cox regression modelling. Age, Karnofsky performance status, HCT comorbidity index, remission status at HCT, donor type, sex and CMV match were selected as potential confounders a priori for the model while stepwise backward selection was applied to a set of additional covariates including karyotype information. Model selection was based on the likelihood ratio test. We checked the proportional hazard assumption by generating a time-dependent covariate and testing the interaction term with the predictors of the model. Results: Data from 236 patients with complete karyotype information were analysed. The median age at HCT was 55 years (range, 21 to 77 years). The HCT-comorbidity index was low, intermediate and high in 22%, 27% and 49% of patients. According to ELN criteria chromosomal aberration were classified as intermediate risk in 33% and as high risk in 67% of the patients. The karyotype of 26% of patients met the criteria for a monosomal karyotype. At HCT 60% of patients had less than 5% marrow blasts, 18% had 5 to 20% marrow blasts and 21% had more than 20% marrow blasts. The median interval from diagnosis to HCT was 107 days. Donors were matched siblings in 27%, matched unrelated donors in 49% and partially matched unrelated donors with one to two mismatches in 25% of the patients. Only 16% of the patients were treated with myeloablative conditioning regimens while the remaining patients received reduced intensity conditioning. At the time of analysis, 110 patients were alive with a median follow up of 28 months (range, 8 months to 61 months). Overall survival at 3 years was 51% (95% CI, 42% to 60%) for MK-negative patients and 16% (95% CI, 5% to 27%) for MK-positive patients (log rank test, p Conclusion: The presence of a monosomal karyotyp is an independent prognostic factor in patients being treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation and predicts for inferior survival. Disclosure: Bug:Celgene: Honoraria.


Economic design of X -control chart was first presented by Duncan's model (1956) model and then followed by Hu (1984) with fixed sampling intervals and failure mechanism of Poisson and Weibull distributions, respectively. For the sake of convenience, in many situations, it may be desirable to have frequency of sampling fixed with age of the system and to avoid certain drawbacks of the mentioned distributions. It appears that the Generalized Exponential model can be used as an alternative to the Poisson or Weibull models in many situations. We, here, proposed a cost model based upon Generalized Exponential with uniform sampling intervals.


Equivalence classes aremosttypically established bytraining a setofinterrelated conditional discriminations involving arbitrarily assigned stimuli. Untrained definitional properties ofthesetarethenrevealed byperformanceson no-reinforcement probetrials. SinceSidmanandTailby's (1982) classic analysis, themanydemonstrations ofbasic equivalencephenomenahaveincluded anumber


Economic diversification is fundamental in driving economic growth in rural areas. Encouragement of and stimulus for the economic diversification in the rural areas allow for the generation of opportunities and new economic chains. Apart from that it will assist in the diversification of the sources of income for the rural population. In Malaysia, apart from emphasising on development policies, economic diversification began to take place in rural areas through positive developments in the economic sectors other than rural agriculture such as tourism as well as small and medium industries. The importance of leveraging on the opportunities and available space has created a need to examine the pattern and defining factors of economic diversity that is taking place in rural areas. The discussion in this article pays attention to the diversification of the economy that is taking place in the rural areas in Sabah by selecting the village of Tambatuon as a study area. In addition to the secondary data, the data is also obtained through observations, involvement in the newly created economic activities and interviews with the village heads and members of the Village Community Management Council (MPKK). The results of the study confirm that economic diversification in rural areas is in place. Most of the new economic activities exist based on the initiative of the villagers who receive support from the Government and non-governmental organisations. Nevertheless, the study also shows that the ongoing economic diversification process is still limited to the horizontal level. Hence, there is considerable potential for economic diversification that can be further expanded to enhance the competitiveness of the rural population in general. In this context, rural residents should be creative by using available local resources from the surroundings to broaden the process of economic diversification. Assistance and external support, especially from the Government, is significant in providing an environment that can stimulate economic growth to ensure that the process of diversifying the economy continues to flourish and becomes sustainable.


HW/SW partitioning is one of key steps in high level abstraction of embedded system co-design.In some kinds of data-dependence applications,the partitioning environment is dynamic.In the paper we present an approach to solve dynamic HW/SW partitioning problem based on a kind of evolutionary algorithm called DQCGA.DQCGA was inspired by Dualism or complementarity in the nature and operated on a pair of dual probability vectors to adapt itself to the dynamic environments.We systematically construct the system model,define the dynamic environment and conduct experimental analysis via comparison with the existing method.Experimental results show that our approach is feasible and efficient for dynamic HW/SW partitioning,and bad much better performance than traditional ones.


With the help of C~(++) Builder 6.0, a software for the ellipsometric data processing is successfully designed. It has the function of calculating the thickness and refractive index of film and the complex refractive index, and plots the (n,d)~(Ψ,Δ) curves. The calculated precisions of the thickness and refractive index of film are 0.01 nm and 0.001 respectively. The experiments show that the calculated results are accurate and reliable.


The toko buku Shopping in Yogyakarta was a publicly owned commercial facility that has undergone the relocation and renovation. The Relocation and renovation program of toko buku Shopping in Yogyakarta, now placing it as part of a public open space facilities (RTP - Ruang Terbuka milik Publik), as a Smart Park in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted to measure the performance level of the building, viewed from the aspect of visual comfort inside buildings. Field measurement results will be tested by the method of triangulation to the other two variables, i.e. the standard visual comfort and user perceptions.


In a multilayer electronic component composite film is formed by a resistance element in the resistive electrode terminal, and a plated film on the terminal electrodes and the resistor film is formed by electroplating efficiency is also to be formed has a uniform thickness. Directly forming a resistor film 21 on the surface of the component body (2) in order to form the terminal electrode 11, and form a resistor film conductive resin film 22 so as to cover 21 having a relatively low volume resistivity do. A conductive resin film 22 is preferably to have a specific resistance of less than Multilayer electronic component, the terminal electrode, the conductive resin film, a resistor film, the plating film


Absolute values of K X-ray fluorescence (XRF) cross-sections have been calculated for elements 11 ⩽ Z ⩽ 69 at three excitation energies corresponding to Mn, Ag and Te K X-rays from 55Fe, 109Cd and 125I radioisotopes respectively and the fourth energy corresponding to the 59.60 keV γ-ray from 241Am. Measurements were also made for these cross-sections for ten elements with 18 ⩽ Z ⩽ 48 at two excitation energies from 109Cd and 125I radioisotopes. The measured values are compared with those obtained from theoretical considerations and a good agreement is found.


The present invention provides a two-stage screw refrigerating machine, in addition to the first-stage screw rotors having an outer two-stage oil-cooled type screw compressor second stage of the screw rotor 2, further comprising, a condenser, an expansion valve comprising an oil separator and evaporator recovery the refrigerant circulation flow path filter, and comprises at least a bearing, an oil flow path for supplying the oil seal at the portion of the guide provided in the oil recovery in the oil separator dual-stage oil-cooled type screw compressor has the refrigerant portion between the condenser and the expansion valve of the circulation flow path branched from and through the expansion device while communicating with the first-stage second-stage screw rotors and a screw rotor at an intermediate portion therebetween in the step of branching way, the second stage of the first-stage screw rotors having screw rotor yin and yang of a pair of rotors meshing with each other. With such a structure, the structure can be simplified, miniaturized, and so reduce the burden of the maintenance.


The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing particulate matter (PM) emission standards and test procedures applicable to certain classes of engines used by civil subsonic jet airplanes (engines with rated output of greater than 26.7 kilonewtons (kN)) to replace the existing smoke standard for those engines. The EPA is adopting these standards under our authority in the Clean Air Act (CAA). These standards and test procedures are equivalent to the engine standards adopted by the United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2017 and 2020 and will apply to both new type design aircraft engines and in-production aircraft engines. The EPA, as well as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), actively participated in the ICAO proceedings in which the ICAO requirements were developed. These standards reflect the importance of the control of PM emissions and U.S. efforts to secure the highest practicable degree of uniformity in aviation regulations and standards. Additionally, the EPA is migrating, modernizing, and streamlining the existing regulations into a new part in the Code of Federal Regulations. As part of this update, the EPA is also aligning with ICAO by applying the smoke number standards to engines less than or equal to 26.7 kilonewtons rated output used on supersonic airplanes. DATES: This final rule is effective on December 23, 2022. The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of December 23, 2022. ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2019–0660. All documents in the docket are listed on the www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business information or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically through www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Docket Center's hours of operations are 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m., Monday–Friday (except Federal Holidays). For further information on the EPA Docket Center services and the current status, see: https://www.epa.gov/dockets. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Bryan Manning, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division (ASD), Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; telephone number: (734) 214–4832; email address: firstname.lastname@example.com. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:


The treatment of different DNAs with dimethylsulfate leads to the methylation of guanine and adenine residues. The amount of each methylated base depends on the base composition of the DNA and on the total yield of the reaction. Light scattering measurements show that there are no doublestrand breaks. Thermal denaturation and luminescence at room and low temperature indicate a stable secondary structure without local denaturation. The flexibility of methylated DNA is larger than that of unmethylated DNA as shown by the study of the intrinsic viscosity. Spermine decreases the thermal stability of methylated DNA. The association constants and the number of binding sites are changed by methylation as determined by equilibrium dialysis. The study of the interactions between poly-l-lysine and methylated DNA shows that methylated bases interfere with the selectivity of poly-l-lysine for A + T rich DNA. Some results on the transcription of methylated DNA by RNA polymerase are reported.


Building edge detection is a task of increasing importance in last decays. In this paper we propose a novel approach to handle this problem using jointly both SAR amplitude and phase data. The technique is based on a stochastic estimation and on Markov Random Field (MRF). The algorithm computes the building edge map looking for the discontinuities of both phase and reflectivity using jointly the amplitude and the phase of SAR images. Compared to classical amplitude based edge detectors and to phase based ones, the proposed method shows an improvement in terms of detection accuracy and false alarm rate.


Part I (Saturday) Who's in charge? Among the unnerving qualities of modern life is a feeling that leaders today are not as strong or effective as they once were. The Star-News asked community leaders in the greater Wilmington area to grade themselves, and the great majority said the region needs better leadership. The Star-News asked, you answered The results of these twin surveys indicate many feel there are few truly effective community leaders in the region and are pessimistic that that group will ever find solutions to the region's most pressing problems.


|In this work we report on the process integration of crystalline praseodymium oxide (Pr 2 O 3 ) high- k gate dielectric. Key process steps that are compatible with the high- k material have been developed and were applied for realisation of MOS structures. For the (cid:12)rst time Pr 2 O 3 has been integrated successfully in a conventional MOS process with n + poly-silicon gate electrode. The electrical properties of Pr 2 O 3 MOS capacitors are presented and discussed.


Large variations in the plasma potential can lead to large sheath potentials at the surface of the Faraday shield of an ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antenna. This sheath can accelerate ions to energies where sputtering is significant, resulting in impurity generation. The time‐varying floating potential is being measured in the near field of an ICRH antenna by using the Radio Frequency Test Facility (RFTF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The antenna used is a resonant loop antenna that has a two‐tier Faraday shield with a layer of graphite on the outer tier. The electron cyclotron heated plasma in RFTF is produced by a 10.6‐GHz klystron. The magnetic field at the antenna is ∼2 kG, with a plasma density of ∼1010 cm−3 with an electron temperature of ∼6 eV. Ionization by rf power from the antenna produces a local plasma of ∼1011 with an electron temperature of 12 to 20 eV. The rf floating potential is measured by using a capacitively coupled probe that is scanned in front of the antenna, parallel...


In order to update records of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) host plants, a bibliographic review was made. Host plant search was organized into groups per zones and countries. Records from the U.S., Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean Islands were grouped together as belonging to Northern America. As South American records, all reports were included except for those from Argentina. 186 host plants were found and they belong to 42 different families. The most cited hosts are part of the following families: Poaceae (35.5%), Fabaceae (11.3%), Solanaceae and Asteraceae (4.3%), Rosaceae and Chenopodiaceae (3.7%) and Brassicaceae and Cyperaceae (3.2%). Of the total of hosts plants found (186), 64% were cited in North and Central America, 53% in South America and 32% in Argentina. The species most frequently cited in Northern America were: corn, sorghum, peanuts, Bermuda grass, sugarcane and rice. In South America, these were: corn, rice, sorghum, beans, cotton and peanuts. Finally in Argentina, the most frequently reported species were: corn, soybean, cotton, alfalfa, tomatoes, flax, potatoes and sorghum. Information about fall armyworm life cycle, behaviour on main host plants, migration habits and biotypes is also provided.


Neuroendocrine tumors constitutes ~1-2% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Liver is the most common site for metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors
but primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour is very rare. Till 2020, less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis of
primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour (PHNET) is difcult and challenging as denite preoperative diagnosis by radiology is not possible partly
due to its rarity and partly due to its lack of unique clinical features. Here, we report a 37 year old female who presented with complaints of vague
abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium and was identied to have a hypervascular lesion in the liver, possibly Haemangioma based on
radiological ndings, following which she underwent right hepatectomy. Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry favoured a
diagnosis of Primary Hepatic neuroendocrine tumour. The postoperative period was uneventful. 68 Gallium DOTA NOC – PET CT Scan did not
show lesions in any other organ further supporting the diagnosis of Primary Hepatic neuroendocrine tumour and the patient is disease free till date.


In Ghana, studies on returnees' reintegration are mostly limited to international return migrants from western countries. Re-integration of internal return migrants has not attracted much research. This paper explores the reintegration experiences of internal return migrants resident in the Wa Municipality. Using the mixed method approach, the study surveyed 150 return migrants and interviewed 10 key informants. The results indicated that the main challenges associated with reintegration of returnees were frequent family demands, unemployment and low incomes. To mitigate these problems, some of the returnees had to relocate from their previous places of abode while others engaged in illegal artisanal mining activities. A chi-square statistic test revealed a significant association between returnees' challenges of reintegration and their length of stay, age, level of education and marital status. Consequently, most of the returnees expressed their desire to re-migrate perhaps due to the difficulties they faced in their reintegration process. The study recommends that relevant stakeholders such as the district assemblies, NGOs and religious bodies should develop programmes to assist returnees with skills training and start-up capital/loans to enable them reintegrate into their communities to avoid unemployment.


The first theorem shows that the subspaces of the space of functions with everywhere convergent Fourier series, defined in our previous paper, is a good subspace. The second theorem shows that convergence criterion in the previous paper is the proper generalization of Lebesgue's Convergence Criterion.


The microstructure ,phase make up,chromium thickness,microhardness and corroding resistance of low temperature salt bath chromizing layers of steel Q235,45 and T10 are contrasted.They show that the more carbon content of the steel is,the thicker chromium carbon compound layer,the higher microhardness and the better corroding resistance.


Over the past two decades, international intervention in post-war settings has strictly followed liberal assumptions and practices. Efforts to build and shape the media in the aftermath of armed conflict are no exception. In setting the foundations for the rule of law, liberal democracy and free market, external actors have (re)defined what constitutes the mediascape – that is, the various spheres of communication within public discourse – and how to (re)construct it. Imprinted with modernity's tenets and western assumptions about the public space, this approach has understood the mediascape narrowly as limited to traditional, established, liberal media, serving to validate particular actors and processes whilst obscuring, neglecting and shutting off global diversity. Law and technology, this paper argues, are the two main axes through which legitimation and exclusion are effected. A myopic focus on legal and technological aspects of the media reduces a rich space of local discourses, norms and practices to western-like media legislation, training and outlets, narrowing in turn the sites for addressing violence and building peace.


Gannan is the main area for hakka people,where hakka tradition is well kept.The local danceof Gannan tea-picking dance is one of the high lights in our spiritual world.Dwarf step of ugly characters is a great performance in the local dance. It is significant to know and grasp the skill of dwarf step in dancing world.


A method for entering a functional interface in a screen locked state of a mobile terminal, which is applied in a mobile terminal equipped with a touchscreen, comprising: when in a screen locked state of a user interface, displaying a polytope in an initial state on a touchscreen, and detecting a touch gesture applied on a region where the polytope is located; if the detected touch gesture corresponds to a preset first polytope state conversion gesture, holding the screen locked state of the user interface, and converting the display state of the polytope from the initial state to a second state, wherein when in the second state, on at least some faces of the polytope is displayed an icon of an application bound to the faces; and after it is detected that a face on the polytope in the second state is selected, directly entering an interface of an application bound to the face. The present invention simplifies the operation procedure for a user to enter an application interface of a mobile terminal in a screen locked state, and can customize different interfaces according to user demand, improving the user experience and facilitating user operations.


The issue of poverty is still a strategic development issue carried out by the Bali Provincial Government. The poverty reduction efforts have been carried out by the regencies/cities of Bali Province with various development programs, but the number of poor people still shows that there is a level of poverty inequality between regencies/cities in Bali Province. This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of social and economic factors on poverty levels in the Bali Province, Indonesia. The social factors in question are population density, unemployment rate, education, and life expectancy. While several economic factors studied included investment, income distribution, and contribution of the agricultural sector. The data in this study are panel data covering socio-economic data and poverty levels in nine regencies/cities in Bali Province during the period 2007-2017. Data analysis was carried out with a quantitative approach using panel data multiple regression methods and equipped with descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that education, investment, and the contribution of the agricultural sector has a negative effect on poverty levels. Population density, unemployment rate, life expectancy, and income distribution has a positive effect on poverty levels. Suggestions to policy makers, first, the regencies with low investment levels (Bangli, Karangasem, and Jembrana Regencies) to make innovative breakthrough efforts to attract investors to invest according to the potential of each region to support the sustainable development of Bali; and second, the consistency of pro-poor principles of social assistance spending policies.


Induction heater for heating billets, with a DC-powered coil assembly (120) on a yoke (140) with two outer legs (142l, 142r) and a center leg (143) which are connected by a transverse leg (141), characterized in that the coil arrangement (120) is superconducting and in the middle leg (143) of the yoke (140) sits in that the yoke between said center leg (143) and the two outer limbs (142l, 142r) (, 150r 150l) has a respective shaft, and that each shaft (150l, 150r) a two-part clamping device (2a, 2b) is associated to the rotation of a billet (10) to a to a cross sectional plane of the yoke (140) orthogonal axis.


This paper proposes static condition method and dynamic condition method for technical direct trains' rationality evaluation.The static condition method is that: according to the necessary condition in railway transportation theory,developing the formula of car flow intensity standard,with the average car number of each train as the horizontal header and the traveling mileage of each train as the vertical header,the summary table for car flow intensity standard of technical direct trains is built up.The dynamic condition method is that: based on the sufficient condition in railway transportation theory,generating the formula of car flow intensity standard,combined with the actual operations' discipline that cars are organized into the longest distance train to adaptation,targeted directly to determine the car flow intensity standard of technical direct trains.With examples,the calculation procedure and application method of static condition and dynamic condition are explained.By comparing the results,static condition method is suitable for planning technical direct trains' rationality evaluation,and dynamic condition method is appropriate for existing technical direct trains' rationality evaluation.


Abstract : Route assignment is one of the operational problems of communication network, and adaptive routing schemes are required to achieve real time performance. This thesis introduces, verifies and analyses two new distributed, shortest-path routing algorithms, which are called, Path-Finding Algorithm (PFA) and Loop-Free Path-Finding Algorithm (LPA). Both algorithms require each routing node to know only the distance and the second-to-last-hop (or predecessor) node to each destination. In addition to the above information, LPA uses an efficient inter-neighbor coordination mechanism spanning over a single hop. PFA reduces the formation of temporary loops significantly, while LPA achieves loop-freedom at every instant by eliminating temporary loops. The average performance of these two algorithms is compared with the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) and an ideal link state (ILS) using Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm by simulation; this performance comparison is made in terms of time taken for convergence, number of packets exchanged and the total number of operations required for convergence by each of the algorithms. The simulations were performed using a C-based simulation tool called Drama, along with a network simulation library. The results indicated that the performance of PFA is comparable to that of DUAL and ILS and that a significant improvement in performance can be achieved with LPA over DUAL and ILS.


SUMMARY Security researchers / vendors detect malicious websites based on several website features extracted by honeyclient analysis. How-ever, web-based attacks continue to be more sophisticated along with the development of countermeasure techniques. Attackers detect the honeyclient and evade analysis using sophisticated JavaScript code. The eva- sive code indirectly identifies vulnerable clients by abusing the di ff erences among JavaScript implementations. Attackers deliver malware only to tar- geted clients on the basis of the evasion results while avoiding honeyclient analysis. Therefore, we are faced with a problem in that honeyclients can- not analyze malicious websites. Nevertheless, we can observe the evasion nature, i.e., the results in accessing malicious websites by using targeted clients are di ff erent from those by using honeyclients. In this paper, we propose a method of extracting evasive code by leveraging the above dif- ferences to investigate current evasion techniques. Our method analyzes HTTP transactions of the same website obtained using two types of clients, a real browser as a targeted client and a browser emulator as a honeyclient. As a result of evaluating our method with 8,467 JavaScript samples ex- ecuted in 20,272 malicious websites, we discovered previously unknown evasion techniques that abuse the di ff erences among JavaScript implemen- tations. These findings will contribute to improving the analysis capabilities of conventional honeyclients.


Volume 5 • Issue 2 • 2013 HIV vaccine research with regards to phase 3 HIV vaccine trials has focused mainly on preventive trials. In developed countries, these include the VaxGen AIDSVAX B/B study (rgp120 vaccine), the STEP study (adenovirus-5 [Ad5] vaccine), and HVTN 505 (DNA prime with Ad5 boost). These studies have shown that the respective HIV vaccines used in these studies have been nonefficacious. However, the RV144 preventive HIV vaccine trial that took place in Thailand (ALVAC-HIV with AIDSVAX B/E boosting) showed a modest level of efficacy of the HIV vaccine of 31.2%.


We studied a new focusing error detection method for multi-layer discs. Effectiveness of this method to generate detectable and undetectable focusing error signals at layers uncompensated for spherical aberration was confirmed by simulation and experiment.


Objective To develop an HPLC method for the determination of isoliquiritigenin in Dalbergia odorfera T.Chen.Methods Sample was extracted with 70% methanol.The sample was separated on waters sunfire C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)with isocratic of acetonitrile and 1.0%aqueous acetic acid(32∶68) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 350 nm at 40℃.Results The calibration curve showed good linearity(r2=0.9998)within test range.The mean recovery of the method was 98.5%,with RSD of 2.03%.Conclusion This method for the determination isoliquiritigenin content in Dalbergia odorfera T.Chen is simple,convenient,fast and accurate.


Plejić Poje Lahorka, Archiwa a chorwacka historiografia literacka. Nieznane śpiewniki kajkawskie (Archives and the Croatian Literary Historiography. Unknown Kajkavian Songbooks). "Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne" 19. Poznań 2020. Publishing House of the Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, pp. 135–147. ISSN 2084-3011. Archival research is of great importance for the study of old Croatian literature, as a large part of the body of literary texts has been preserved in manuscripts to the present day, and many of them are kept in archives. Although at its beginnings Croatian national philology was strongly focused on archival work, in the 20th century this kind of research was abandoned, despite the fact that there was still a lot of unanalyzed material left in the archives, as well as many possibilities for correction or supplementing previous conclusions. Thus the handwritten Kajkavian songbooks, especially the secular ones, have been only partially examined. In addition, some songbooks from the Croatian State Archives have never become an object of research. This article draws attention to the importance of fundamental archival research, without which it is impossible to properly draw a picture of the Kajkavian element of old Croatian literature.


Abstract: Most car seat detection method is artificial, which has low efficiency. To solve this problem, proposed a real-time detection system based on vision in this paper. Firstly, give the total block diagram of the system. Secondly, give the camera calibration method. Third, use significant value to detect the springs and use the Hough transform to detect the side curtain. Calculate the intersections between springs and the side curtain. If the intersections are 8, the car seat is qualified.


• The Wide Field Imager (WFI) provides sensitive, moderate spectral-energy resolution imaging and high time-rate data across a 40 arc-minute field of view. Athena is the second large mission selected in the ESA Cosmic Vision plan. With its large collecting area, high spectral-energy resolution (X-IFU instrument) and impressive grasp (WFI instrument), Athena will truly revolutionise X-ray astronomy. The most prodigious sources of high-energy photons are often transitory in nature. Athena will provide the sensitivity and spectral resolution coupled with rapid response to enable the study of the dynamic sky. Potential sources include: distant Gamma-Ray Bursts to probe the reionisation epoch and find 'missing' baryons in the cosmic web; tidal disruption events to reveal dormant supermassive and intermediate-mass black holes; and supernova explosions to understand progenitors and their environments.


The death of John Paul II in his Vatican residence on April 2, 2005 was a date that had an immense impact upon the world and the Polish nation in particular, as a level of strength and collective unity was put on display that had rarely been seen. It resulted in the pilgrimage of over one million Poles to the Eternal City and the organization of ceremonies of mourning across the country that saw the participation of hundreds of thousands, even millions, of people. In the days following the death, Poles flocked around their hero in an unprecedented way, showing a powerful collective manifestation of modern Polish identity. In the homeland of Karol Wojtyła, the event marked not only that one of the most charismatic and influential men of the twentieth century and the head of the world's largest church had just died – for millions of Poles, a spiritual and national father had died, seen as a saint in the making and as the man who had led his people from the tribulations of centuries of dark history, leading them towards the forging of a new destiny and identity. Millions wept, lit candles, and organized marches and masses that saw attendance rise to the millions, many of them preparing for the long journey to Rome to pay their final respects to their hero. According to Piotr Wyrobiec, Director of the Cultural Centre in Wadowice, 'for Poles, his death was a time of quiet vigil, recollection, inconsolable grief, and spirituality which spread all over the country. Few remained indifferent. This collective experience made us a united community. During that week, "dying" gained a new, deep meaning. The world came to a halt, and the old rules governing our lives were no longer valid.'(1) These days were indeed marked by a collective period of remembrance, grief and commemoration. Poles of every social and political leaning worked together as a strong sense of unity and community was created throughout the country. As Britons had marked the death of Diana several years before, Poles engaged in a flurry of 'obsessive' mourning activity, including the signing of condolence books, the leaving of personalized notes, and the placing of flowers at makeshift shrines, thus marking the period with a spirit of communal social action [Johnson 1821]. The days leading up to one of the most important funerals in history


The main goal of the design is to find a way to enhance the quality of the experience of the city through the design of living spaces. These are themselves developed according to how the space is perceived and experienced, and not with a mere functional approach.


The purpose of this paper is to make a significant contribution towards an academic and intellectual debate on the extent of the state's liability caused by law enforcement agencies when failing to exercise due care and diligence in carrying out their mandate. This will be examined against the background of the Carmichele matter and lessons that could be learnt from the case in question in order to address the current weaknesses in and improve the effectiveness of our criminal justice system. In conclusion, recommendations will be made on how to reduce these malpractices within our system and on how to work towards the establishment of an effective human rights orientated criminal justice system.


Objective:To understand HPV prevalence and HPV genotypes distribution of cervical cancer in Hainan area though the inspection of HPV subtypes,and to analyze the relation of HPV and clinical biological behavior in cervical cancer.Methods:The tissue samples of 200 cervical cancers were collected.HPV genotyping DNA chip assay was used to detect 23 HPV genotypes simultaneously,including 18 high-risk subtypes and 5 low-risk subtypes.Results:The positive rate of HPV infection was 94.00% and all were high-risk subtypes,including 16,18,33,45,58,and 73(HPV16 69.68%,HPV18 16.49%,HPV16+18 7.45%,HPV45 1.59%,HPV33,58,16+45,18+33 1.06%,and HPV73 0.53%).HPV positive rate was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma(P0.005);The positive HPV rate had no relationship with patients' age,clinical stage,pathological grade,the metastasis of lymph nodes,and recur in cervical cancer(P0.05).Conclusions:HPV infection of cervical cancer is very high in these cases with all high-risk subtypes.HPV16,18 are absolute superiority,but HPV subtypes are limited,only 6 strains.Multiple-infection is not common.HPV infection was more closely with the malignance of squamous cell.


Linear algebra is introduced using simultaneous equations. Linear transformations are used to introduce the idea of vectors and matrices. The concept of a finite dimensional linear vector space is introduced for describing the properties of vectors. Basis vectors and rules for vector addition and scalar products are defined. Linear transformation are interpreted as the action of matrices on vectors and which yields the defining equations of how vectors are transformed under the action of matrices. The generalization of vectors to N-dimensions is made.


Software-defined networking is one of the fast-growing and emerging technology which separates the control plane from the data plane. The control plane enables global network management, preventing the need for individual controllers in each networking system. Though SDN has many advantages, it has a serious threat from DDoS attack due to the centralized nature of the controller. DDoS are widely used cyberattack in SDN environment where in controller may be slowed down or shutdown. Detection of DDoS attack is addressed in the literature using machine learning and deep learning. However, most of the authors have addressed the detection of DDoS attack either in control plane or data plane. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to detection of the attack in control and data plane using the combination of entropy and machine learning approaches. We use Mininet emulator with POX controller to create a trained and test model. The results reveal that the combined approach achieves better accuracy with less overhead.


The government of India has been much concerned about the problem of disabled persons in the country and has initiated many social security measures to facilitate their rehabilitation. The term disabled and handicapped have been replaced by the term challenged and recently the term
differently-abled is being used to remove the stigma associated with disabilities.


This study explores efficiency and equity implications of flat fare systems using revenue, cost, trip making, and demographic data from transit operators serving the Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Diego areas. Revenues paid by transit users for each mile of service are compared with the unit costs of their trips. The ratio of users' fares to costs per mile of travel are analyzed with respect to distance, time-of-day, and rider demographics in order to draw efficiency and equity inferences. The fare structures of the three case studies were found to embody considerable inefficiencies with respect to distance and time period of travel. Short distance, off-peak patrons paid disproportionately high fares for their trips. Morning and evening peak hour passengers were also major beneficiaries of flat fare systems, on average generating revenue-to-cost ratios twenty percent below those of off-peak users. The incidence of redistributive impacts appeared less regressive among income and age groups than had been anticipated. Based upon current disparities in pricing, a range of alternative pricing scenarios was investigated. Graduated price structures appeared the most promising in equalizing price disparities and eliminating regressivity. More coarsely differentiated fare structures seemed best suited to improving each system's financial posture because of both their high revenue productivity and low collection costs. Fares differentiated by both distance and time-of-day appeared to provide a balance of efficiency equity, and revenue benefits. (UMTA)


This thesis focused on the features of the design for the automatic meter-reading and net-distance meter-reading, which applied the wavelet-analysis method for the electronic load in studentspsila apartments to identify the high-power load and computers, in order to prevent college students from violating electro-regulation. It can meet special electro-requirements for studentspsila apartments, such as overload identification, timing on and off, limitless power supply for special users, net-distance meter-reading and control.


When bulk YBa2Cu4O8 (the 124 compound)/Ag composites were subjected to the high‐temperature (900–920 °C) 124‐to‐123 (YBa2Cu3O7−δ) decomposition process, the intergrain Jc of the composite was found to decrease dramatically in spite of significant enhancement in the intragrain one. The decrease in the intergrain Jc was attributed primarily to the incongruent melting of the resulted 123 phase at grain boundaries via interactions with the Cu‐O precipitates and Ag. On the other hand, by conducting the decomposition process at lower temperatures in subatmospheric oxygen pressures where melting of 123 is avoided, enhancement in both intra‐ and intergrain Jc s can be achieved. Decomposition carried out at 700 °C in 2.5 Torr of oxygen, for example, has produced a 30‐fold increase in the intragrain Jc (1.5×106 A/cm2 at 40 K and H=0.5 T) and a nearly twofold increase in the intergrain one. A phase diagram showing other viable conditions, including temperature and oxygen pressure for such a low‐temperature approach,...


In an enclosed environment, inland aquaculture contributes to several environmental issues such heavy nutrient and chemical load discharged during the regular water exchange or harvesting. The conventional method to treat the discharge water is to channel them into sedimentation ponds. However, studies indicated that the sedimentation ponds were effective in reducing discharges of suspended particulates but less effective in reducing nutrient concentrations. Therefore in this study, Chlorella sp. and a wild microalgae strain isolated from the fish pond itself were used to take advantage of the high nutrient content in the wastewater from a catfish pond. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the nutrient uptake rate and the removal efficiency between the two microalgae species when cultured in the fish farm wastewater. The laboratory scale study demonstrated that Chlorella sp. achieved a higher fresh weight of 0.380 ± 0.001 g/L than the wild microalgae strain even though their dry weight biomass were almost similar. The Chlorella sp. and the isolated wild microalgae have the capabilities to reduce both the inorganic ammonia and phosphate with efficiencies ranging between 75 % to 98 %. However, the Chlorella sp. would be a better candidate as its nutrient removal capacities was higher.


Artificial intelligence algorithms require large datasets for better performance for all kinds of tasks such as classification and regression. In this paper, we explore the potential of the Random Forest Regression (RFR) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm with minimum features, such as signal power and its variants, for Visible Light Communication (VLC) based indoor positioning. We explore the performance of the RFR algorithm and SVM by using variations of the received signal power to increase the accuracy and reduce the computation complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that both techniques have estimated the location with high accuracy, however, RFR outperforms SVM in terms of mean error.


The damping capacity of Fe-Mn alloy which was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent annealed at different temperatures was measured by reversal torsion device. The microstructure was observed using the optical microscope and transmission electronic microscope. The results show that after ECAP and annealing at low temperature (600 ℃), there are lots of high-density dislocations and obvious banded structures, which inhibit the slip of damping resources and result in the low damping capacity. With increasing annealing temperature (700~800 ℃), high-density dislocations and banded structures gradually disappear. The amount of e martensite is larger than that of specimen without ECAP, and the martensite flakes are much refiner. The increasing interfaces per unit volume result in more damping resources on vibration, thus improve damping capacity remarkably. With further increasing annealing temperature (900~1 000 ℃), the martensite flakes grow up slightly, so the damping capacity of Fe-Mn alloy decreases, but it is still higher than that of specimen without ECAP.


In the piping system, the pipe bends are normally found to be the most highly stressed piping components, and has a lower plastic collapse load. Plastic collapse loads are used for establishing allowable loads, i.e., loads above which large increases in deformation occur with small increases in load, the resulting large deformations are link to plastic flow. Although these occur only in the ideal material, they can be applied to structures, such as pipe bends. Some work has been published on the plastic collapse load of smooth pipe bends subjected to single loading such as in plane bending or internal pressure, but there is not report now how to get the plastic collapse load of pipe bends with irregular geometry under the combined loadings. So this is the main purpose presented here. By using limit analysis method and von Mises yield criteria, the theoretical analysis of the plastic collapse load for the pipe bends are carried out. The pipe bends are circular cross section, elliptical circular cross section and nonuniform thickness respectively, the plastic collapse load equations for bends under the loadings of internal pressure and torsion are obtained. By simplified, the plastic collapse load of the pipe bends subjected to single loading can be easily achieved. Some results have been verified by experiments. Therefore, this paper is useful for safety assessment of the undefected pipe bends and provides a method to solve the plastic collapse load for defected bends.


Pacini Hernandez, Deborah, Hector Fernandez L'Hoeste, and Eric Zolov, eds. 2004. Hockin' Las Americas: The Global Politics of Rock in Latin/o America. Illuminations: Cultural Formations of the Americas. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. $60.00 hc. $24.95 sc. 432 pp.This is the first scholarly collection of articles on Latin American rock, a necessary and significant milestone given the rise of rock en espanol in the global marketplace in the last decade. The contributors come from a variety of disciplines (e.g., music, anthropology, history, literature) and pursue a mix of critical approaches. The book does not offer a systematic history of rock in the region but presents an array of articles that treat the music as national and transnational phenomena. Four of the articles focus on Mexico, two on Brazil, one each on Cuba, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Colombia, Guatemala, Argentina and Chile, one on Los Angeles punkeras, and one on the French musician, Manu Chao, who is based inTijuana.The majority of these articles look at particular national responses to rock music as imported, transnational phenomena remade into a national product. All the articles present Latin American rock as a hybrid music that synthesizes imported US and British rock with regional forms, co-opting a hegemonic music for the sake of particular local uses. All investigate how a particular music negotiates, successfully or not, cultural, political and economic landscapes, landscapes as various as the nations and histories which produce them.Yet, of the many issues that weave through this anthology, one-dictatorship, perhaps the most intense locus of political contestation in recent Latin American history-garners the most attention, featured in five of the fifteen articles. Because they teach so much about the music and the complex contexts which give rise to (and sometimes destroy) it, all of the articles in the volume are worthy of attention. This review, though, will focus on only three representative samples to discuss the book's main themes.Many of the writers use their articles to recover an unknown, or little known, history. In "La Onda Chicana: Mexico's Forgotten Rock Culture," Eric Zolov attempts to fill in a missing chapter of the history of Mexican rock, the period called La onda chicana from the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as delineate the social and political forces that not only led to its disappearance but to its erasure from Mexican memory. As much as the article fills a historical gap, it is also a study of cultural forgetting. Inspired by 1960s US and British pop and rock and often using English lyrics, La onda chicana celebrated a hippie (jipi) lifestyle that drew criticism from the right, for its break with traditional Mexican values, and the left, for bowing to the cultural imperialism of the north. After the Woodstock-style rock concert, Avandaro (1971), the government banned rock concerts for a decade, promoted "authentic" Mexican music and prevented La onda chicana groups from releasing albums, all but erasing the music from the Mexican landscape. Zolov produces a well-defined historical arc, effectively delineating the local and global cultural contexts that gave rise to the music as well as the political economy within which it disappeared.For as many articles that feature sociohistorical readings of the music, there are articles which pursue primarily economic interpretations. …


The effects of the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 25-30 wt% of methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium (Clay-MHA) on morphology and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber copolymer (NBR)/Clay-MHA composites were investigated. The composites of blends of PLA/NBR with Clay-MHA were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer and molded by compression molding. The ratio of PLA and NBR was 80/20 by weight and the Clay-MHA content was 1, 3, 5 and 7 phr. The results showed Young's modulus and stress at break of the composites increased with increasing Clay-MHA content. While the tensile strength and strain at break of the composites decreased with increasing Clay-MHA content. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the addition of Clay-MHA could improve the miscibility of PLA and NBR to be homogeneous blends and the pore in polymer blends was disappeared.


Excessive and abnormal vasculature characterizes the microenvironment that fuels the progression of malignant tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the grade IV glioma. GBM is among the most lethal human malignancies, distinguished by extensive microvascular hyperplasia due to intravessel endothelial cell (EC) proliferation with unknown etiology. Here, we show that c-Met phosphorylation induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT), contributing significantly to vascular abnormality, GBM progression, and therapeutic resistance. Utilizing murine orthotropic GBM models induced by transplantation of GL26 glioma cells and RCAS/tv-a-mediated somatic gene transfer of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in Ink-4a/Arf−/-PTEN−/- mice, we reveal robust Endo-MT in tumor vasculature, characterized by expression of the fibroblast-specific marker FSP-1 in 60% of CD31+ or CD105+ ECs, and the co-expression level correlates with the aggressiveness of glioma in humans. Cell fate analysis by lineage tracing Tie2+ ECs shows over half of FSP-1+ fibroblasts are of EC origin in the mouse GBM models. Tumor-conditioned medium induces in vitro EC acquisition of mesenchymal gene signature including FSP-1 and N-cadherin expression, confirming the microenvironment-dependent Endo-MT. Furthermore, proteomic analysis identifies a critical role of c-Met in Endo-MT, which is required for the increased EC proliferation and migration and vessel hyperpermeability in the GBM microenvironment. EC-specific c-Met phosphorylation induces MMP-14 expression, leading to Endo-MT and vascular abnormality. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of c-Met phosphorylation normalizes blood vessels, reduces vascular density and Endo-MT, blocks tumor progression, and sensitizes tumor to temozolomide treatment; all of which improves overall survival in the GBM-bearing mice. These findings reveal a novel mechanism controlling aberrant vascularization and GBM progression, and suggest that targeting c-Met phosphorylation and Endo-MT may offer selective and efficient therapeutic strategies for the treatment-resistant GBM, and possibly other malignant tumors.


MY POINT OF DEPARTURE IS the scene near the start of Emma in which Mr. Knightley and Mrs. Weston discuss Emma's new intimacy with the orphan Harriet Smith. Mr. Knightley is strongly opposed to this relationship; he fears Harriet's ignorance, lowly status, and abject dependence on Emma is "'doing them both harm"' (89). However, Mrs. Weston points out that opposing Emma's new choice of a companion is futile: "Pray excuse me; but supposing that any little inconvenience may be apprehended from the intimacy, it cannot be expected that Emma, accountable to nobody but her father, who perfectly approves the acquaintance, should put an end to it, so long as it is a source of pleasure to herself" (40) In other words, Emma is accountable to no one but herself, and she will go on doing what she is doing as long as she enjoys it. Emma certainly is presented as someone who is extraordinarily devoted to her own pleasure: we are reminded repeatedly that she is unwilling to work at her reading, her music, her drawing; in Mr. Knightley's words during this same conversation, "'She will never submit to any thing requiring industry and patience, and a subjection of the fancy to the understanding"' (87). In fact, in the opening pages of the novel, we learn that she considers her governess Miss Taylor (now Mrs. Weston) to have been her friend because she allowed Emma to live pain-free, without inhibitions or guilt: Miss Taylor was "peculiarly interested in herself, in every pleasure, every scheme of her's;--one to whom she could speak every thought as it arose, and who had such an affection for her as could never find fault" (6). The Emma of the novel's opening pages has a mythical dimension; though she is almost 21 years old, she has yet to really suffer: "It was Miss Taylor's loss which first brought grief" (6). In fact, the narrator comments , "The real evils of Emma's situation" are her "power of having rather too much her own way" and her "disposition to think a little too well of herself'--but, naturally enough, "The danger . . . was at present so unperceived, that they [these "real evils"] did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her" (5-6). We might think, then, that the plot of Emma is thus a dramatization of the process by which Emma learns not to live for pleasure, but subdues her will to a more mature awareness of her real social obligations. In Freudian language, she becomes socialized as a responsible adult when she learns to restrain her instinctive drive for pleasure and to acknowledge the reality-principle. Freud has had an immense influence on how we think today; one might substitute Freud in the sentence Edmund uses to describe Shakespeare's universality in Mansfield Park: "We all talk Freud, use his similies, and describe with his descriptions" (338), and one of the main emphases of Freud is the emotional and imaginative cost to the individual of adhering to the reality beyond oneself. However, my argument here is that Jane Austen presents a much different--and distinctively eighteenth-century--conception of the relationship between pleasure and obligation. Austen considers that the greatest pleasure lies in following duty and obligation. She believes seriously what the boys in Tom Sawyer are tricked into thinking: that a heavy obligation (in Tom's case, whitewashing a fence) is actually a great pleasure. Emma Woodhouse discovers that her greatest pleasure lies in her love for and marriage to Mr. Knightley, even though he embodies all of those claims of conscience that she has found "very disagreeable,--a waste of time--tiresome ..." (155), and even though she considers love and marriage "'not my way, or my nature"' (84). She also discovers that her domination of Harriet causes her great pain: if it begins pleasurably, it ends by creating in Emma "terror ... consternation ... humiliation" (405, 407, 411). When Mr. Knightley proposes to Emma, she feels overwhelming joy: "The dread of being a wakened from the happiest dream, was perhaps the most prominent feeling" (430), and on the other hand Emma's renunciation of her relationship with Harriet is a "spontaneous burst of Emma's feelings: 'Oh God! …


Data coming from various sources present significant differences at the schema level, especially in case of relational and non-relational data sources. A common interface for representing database structure and operations in a conceptual manner, that can be used for both relational and non-relational databases could help users who are very accustomed to working with relational databases to overcome the challenges that appear in their interaction with non-relational databases. This paper presents a new approach based on conceptual graphs for representing relational database structure and queries, taking into account the visual representation methods for database structure and queries based on conceptual graphs available in the literature. This new approach focuses on maximizing the compatibility with the already available representation methods for non-relational databases. Representation methods based on conceptual graphs for insert, update and delete operations are also proposed in this paper. These representation methods could be easily implemented in database benchmarking frameworks or database client applications that offer a functionality somehow similar to Visual Query Systems, but with complete support for DML operations. This approach would also be useful for users who are not specialized in computer science, as it offers the possibility to interact with both relational and non-relational databases in a simple, visual manner.


OBJECTIVE
To test the moderating effects of decision-making style and gender on the relationship between condom use self-efficacy (CUSE) and condom use behavior among sexually active adolescents and young adults.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

SETTING
Twenty-four continuation high schools in California.

PARTICIPANTS
Data were collected between February 2008 to June 2009 from a sample of 1304 sexually active adolescents and young adults. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 16.8 (0.9) years, 41% were female, and the ethnicity frequencies were Hispanic, 65%; mixed, 13%; white, 11%; black, 6%; and other, 5%.

MAIN EXPOSURES
The tools used were CUSE, decision-making-self-confidence, and decision-making-approach.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Condom use during the most recent sexual intercourse (termed last sex).

RESULTS
Forty-five percent of sexually active participants used condoms at last sex. Decision-making-self-confidence and decision-making-approach significantly moderated the effect of CUSE on condom use. The positive relationship between CUSE and condom use was relatively stronger for males and females reporting high vs low decision-making-self-confidence. Among females, the relationship between CUSE and condom use at last sex was weaker for those reporting high vs low decision-making-approach. Both of these effects were observed at high levels of CUSE.

CONCLUSION
Programs for sexually transmitted infection/human immunodeficiency virus prevention including CUSE content may increase adolescent and young adult condom use by targeting interventions to decision-making style and gender.


Court of Queen's Bench; and he (Dr. Stewart) trusted that an important question would thereby be set at rest. But, in the case of private individuals, when a local authority would not interfere for the abatement of a nuisance, an appeal to the Court of Queen's Bench would be very difficult and expensive. In a few days, costs to the amount of £200 might be incurred-perhaps more than enough to carry out the required improvements. It was therefore not desired to have an appeal to the law courts, but to the Privy Council, who would have an inspection made, and condemn the appellant to pay costs, if the complaint were frivolous and vexatious. He believed that the proposal would meet with general approval. With regard to the second recommendation, he said that many places in England and Wales were under the Public Health Act, but that few had medical officers of health or inspectors of nuisances. The appointment of these officers was now permisBive; and hence in many cases there were no means of caxrying out the Act, from the want of the proper persons to give information as to the health of the district. In some instances, the surveyor was the inspector of nuisances; and, if he had reasons for not consenting to the alterations advised, he might recommend the Board of Guardians not to make the necessary rate. In other instances, the justices might be an enlightened body of men-he believedthey were often so; but Still there was danger of their being of the same opinion as the Board of Guardians. If they refused to act, there was at present no remedy left but to apply to the law courts for a mandamnus. Two or more parishes might unite for the appointment of an officer of health and inspector of nuisances. The third recommendation was an important one, because men of high standing in the profession could not be expected to submit themselves to bejudged by the caprice of local boards. The alteration advised was merely a return to the old law. It was a curious fict that, under one of the Acts, the appointment and dismissal of public analysts was subject to the approval of the Secretary of State. Dr. Stewart commented briefly on the necesaity for the other recommendations; and various remarks were made by Dr. Markham, Dr. Cholmeley, Dr. Merriman, Mr. Bottomley, and other members. The PRESIDENT suggested the adjournment of the debate, in consequence of many members being absent, having been evidently prevented from attending by the severity of the weather. Mr. BOTTOMLEY moved, and it was agreed, "Thtat the meeting be adjourned to Friday, April 6th."1 The further discussion of the report of the Council was therefore adjourned.


The academic theme of Islam and colonialism is controversial, vast and inexhaustive. With colonialism almost all over the Muslim world from the mid 19 th Century and the diverse impacts and implications it has on the colonized countries, it is understandable if views differ and diverge. In Africa, Central and Southeast Asia as in most neocolonial countries of the world, colonial legacies still replete as they endured to the contemporary times. The study of Islam and colonialism in Northern Nigeria is expectedly so partly because of the nature and substance of the British rule between 1897, when Ilorin emirate was conquered and 1960, when the then colonially formed Nigeria got her independence. Northern Nigeria is diverse though dynamic and colorful in terms of its people, culture and socio-material setting. As such, Muhammad S. Umar's narrowing the research to the intellectual responses of the Northern Nigeria Muslims to British colonial rule is a brilliant decision. This is not to say that such a task is a simple one. The outcome of this research engagement is largely a success.