t. A large number of dairy cows in Ukrainian farms suffer from subclinical
mastitis, which leads to significant economic losses in agriculture. Conditioned
upon the lack of clinical manifestations it is difficult to detect, in particular,
explained by insufficient information about the microbial composition of milk.
The ban on the use of antibiotics for productive animals is forcing new safe and
effective remedies. The aim of the study was to determine the therapeutic effect
of Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 in subclinical mastitis of Holstein cows. Research
materials – milk of cows with subclinical mastitis, isolates of microorganisms and
B. megaterium NCH 55. Methods used: California test for mastitis; microscopic test
to count the total number of somatic cells by the method of Prescott and Britt;
bacterial method for the study of microorganisms; polymerase chain reaction
to determine Mycoplasma spp. in milk; spectrophotometry; method VI Brillis to
determine the adhesive properties of Bacillus megaterium NCH 55; determination
of antagonistic properties of B. megaterium by diffusion into agar wells; the
method of flow cytometry using the device "SomaCount Flow Cytometer";
physiological. The experiment was conducted in dairy farms of the North-Eastern
region of Ukraine: LLC agrofirm "Lan", LLC agrofirm "Vorozhbalatinvest",
LLC agrofirm "Vladana" in the period February-August 2021. Isolates of S. aureus,
S. agalactiae, E. coli enterohemorrhagic, E. coli, Candida, E. fecalis, S. epidermidis and
Mycoplasma spp. were detected in milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis.
Microscopic studies have shown that Bacillus megaterium NCH 55 are white
gram-positive rods that have low adhesive properties and form spores. The
greatest antagonism of B. megaterium is shown in relation to bacterial isolates
in concentration of 1×109
, CFU/g. In 70% of cows that reached a productivity
of more than 30 kg/day on the 30th day of research, milk parameters such as the
number of somatic cells (CSC ≤400 thousand/cm3
) and the number of mesophilic
aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (kMAFANM) (≤100 thousand
CFU/cm3
) corresponded to the class "Extra". The recovery time of animals with
subclinical mastitis depended on the degree of damage to the breast and
individual characteristics of the organism. Cows that did not reach a productivity
of 30 kg/day continued treatment individually. The number of somatic cells in
the milk of cows was ≤500 thousand/cm3
 and kMAFAnM ≤200 thousand CF/cm3

https://sciencehorizon.com.ua/web/uploads/pdf/Scientific Horizons_Vol. 25, No.1_30-40.pdf


Background: Numerous studies have reported prevalence rates for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) among dental professionals (DP).
Objective: The objective of this paper is to update the dental professionals, physical therapists,
occupational therapists, epidemiologists and ergonomics specialists with the growing evidence
on WRMSD in DP through a systematic literature search.
Materials and methods: Systematic review of studies in MEDLINE from 1972-2010 was conducted using search terms dental OR dentist AND work-related OR musculoskeletal IN
title OR abstract for English articles. Consensus was obtained after independent blinded search
and overall findings were summarized.
Main findings: Thirty-four included articles were heterogenous and studied all categories of
DP which found one-year prevalence for MSK pain was from 24-100%. Neck and shoulder pain were the greatest prevalent MSK symptom. Most of the reported symptoms were chronic
and recurrent.
Conclusion: There was an overall very high prevalence of MSK pain among DP. Among DP, dental hygienists and dental students were more affected with MSK symptoms. The risk factors highly predictive of developing MSK pain were biopsychosocial and further research on
prevalence in Indian dental population is warranted before implementation of preventive educational programmes among dentists.


This paper presents a fuzzy logic control (FLC) implementation on a ball and plate system for dynamic control verification using CCD position sensing. A two degree-of-freedom (DOF) platform is constructed for experiments using four magnetic suspension (MS) actuators. The mathematical model of the ball and plate operation is derived in Euler-Lagrange equation. From CCD position sensing, a microcontroller is implemented to control MS actuators by PWM current drivers. The position tracking performance on the MS ball and plate system is verified on different cases by adopting an enforced fuzzy logic controller.


Filtration is one of the first operations of processing of signals realized in the digital form. Advantage of digital filters (DF) are obvious first of all because of their high adaptability to manufacture, stability of parameters and low cost at a batch production. The purpose of the present work is to research an opportunity of realization of DF on microcontroller PIC16F877 and an estimation of characteristics of the received DF.


Static and dynamic high pressure experiments reveal that the behavior of α-cristobalite (SiO2) depends on the rate and the nature of stress loading. To understand this behavior we have carried out extensive molecular dynamics simulations. The response to rapid and simultaneous increase of the pressures and temperatures to the expected Hugoniot values was calculated. These simulations along the simulated Hugoniot path revealed that alpha cristobalite transforms to a new six coordinated phase beyond 16 GPa, 1410.3 K. We find that between 16 and 18 GPa, even after equilibrating for a very long time, the disorder in the stishovite-like phase persists. On release of pressure, this disordered state is retained, in agreement with the experimental observations. Simulations under slow pressure increase show that the observation of Cmcm is sensitive to pressure steps and that stishovite phase arises through the Cmcm phase.


To investigate changes in retinal metabolism, function, structure and morphology in relation to initiation of insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII).


A new parameter estimation algorithm is described for identifying the stiffness properties of torsionally coupled shear buildings from their linear response due to ambient excitations or during low‐amplitude forced‐vibration tests. The algorithm is based on the time‐domain equations of motion, and yields estimates of the stiffness properties using a measure of the equilibrium of forces acting on each floor over a time interval. The banded structure of the stiffness matrix — a property intrinsic to torsion‐shear buildings — is exploited to decompose the initial inverse problem into several problems of reduced size. This decomposition allows the identification of lateral and torsional stiffnesses of individual stories, independent of the others. The algorithm utilizes vibration data where input excitation is known/measured, which is typical for forced‐vibration tests and earthquakes. If the ambient vibrations of the structure are adequately uncorrelated to the (unknown) external forces that induce such vibrations, then the algorithm can also be modified for output‐only system identification. The proposed algorithm is verified — and its various attributes are investigated — using simulation data from the 'Analytical Phase I' of the IASC (International Association for Structural Control)‐ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) benchmark studies. The companion article is devoted to the algorithm's application to experimental data, using data from the 'Experimental Phase' of the same benchmark studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


WMO defines category for above normal (AN) and below normal (BN) as Tercile (P and P ). On the other hand, BMKG 66 33 uses 1.15 X and 0.85 X to determining AN and BN respectively. Monthly rainfall data in 120 BMKG's stations are used in this research. Paired t-test (α = 0.01) is used for determining 1.15 X and P as well as 0.85 X and P . As a result, 1.15 X 66 33 is not equivalent with P in 6 stations and 0.85 X do not equal to P in 108 stations. Least square method in Simple 66 33 Liniear Regeression is examined between X as an independent variable and P as well as P as the dependent variable. 66 33 * * Therefore, β and β have been found as coefficient regression. The next step is choosing β , β as median for classes of a b a b * * * frequency distribution β dan β . β and β are the best scale factor. Finally, paired t-test is used also to determining β X a b a b a * * * and P and β X and P . As a result, β X is the same as P and β X equals to P in 120 stations for confidence level 66 b 33 a 66 a 33 * * 99%. Consequently, β X and β X are strongly recommend as new above normal and below normal which are similar to a b WMO standards.


Utilizing the reactivity of hexafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane, several new fluorine-containing imidazole derivatives were prepared. The reactions involve 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercapto-4,5-diphenylimidazole, 2-imidazolidinethione, and 2-aminobenzamide.


DG systems based on renewable energy sources (RES) gaining more attention due to their cost effectiveness and because of their abundant availability nature. The variable and unpredictable nature of unconventional energy sources lead to difficulties in operation. With day by day increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) to the existing power system, Microgrid (MG) operation and control becoming more difficult. This paper demonstrates a hybrid system with PV -wind which is connected to linear load through control of inverter. The behavior of a system is to maintain the dc-link voltage regardless of change in solar irradiation, varying wind speed, and load. For the regulation purpose of dc-link voltage, a bidirectional DC-DC converter comes into picture, which is further connected to a battery. To ensure an uninterrupted power supply, the battery is connected for power management purposes between the load and other RES. Along with a DC-DC converter, LC filters are installed to reduce fluctuations in output voltages. Bidirectional DC-DC converter with battery storage system acts as MPPT controller for PV system. Cost will be reduced as there is no need of other controllers. That means PV voltage can be regulated according to the reference voltage. Similarly using torque reference signals, with hysteresis current control technique pulses for the DC-DC converter are generated. Therefore, it will work as the MPPT controller for the wind turbine. The modeling of the power system is done with a DC-DC converter, along with a bridge inverter and battery controller. PV panel is controlled by P and O technique, and wind system is controlled with MPPT technique. The simulation of the model is done in MATLAB.


The invention relates to an applicator for application of liquid or pasty masses, comprising a housing for holding a metering unit with an adapter for fixing a container of the medium for application to the applicator, a means for adjusting a metered amount, a lever for application of the metered amount, wherein the lever mechanically interacts with the metering unit and with the means for adjustment of the metered amount. The lever is mounted with the proximal end thereof displaceable within the housing. The distal end of the lever extends form the housing, wherein the separation of the distal end of the lever from the housing is dependent on the adjustment of the metered amount.


The capacitated-facilities location problem (CFLP) deals with opening facilities with a finite capacity to serve a set of customers. This paper addresses the discrete CFLP when the opened facilities are unreliable, i.e. they are unavailable to provide service to customers. Such problems have gained prominence in the recent past owing to their application in the area of supply-chain disruptions. A stochastic programming formulation for the CFLP with unreliable facilities is presented and the benefit of investing in redundant facility locations is demonstrated. A sampling-based algorithm called the sample average approximation algorithm is used to approximately solve this model and present computational results.


The paper discusses the building of network engineering practice training.For example the Network Engineering of Ludong University,the paper introduces the initial success of practical teaching system,teaching methods and forms of practice,practice teaching laboratory construction,teacher training which should be resolved,finally it gives the next step in the planning.


We give necessary and sufficient condition for an infinite collection of axis-parallel boxes in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ to be pierceable by finitely many axis-parallel $k$-flats, where $0 \leq k<d$. We also consider colorful generalizations of the above result and establish their feasibility. The problem considered in this paper is an infinite variant of the Hadwiger-Debrunner $(p,q)$-problem.


—We study the dissemination of common information from a source to multiple nodes within a multihop wireless network, where nodes are equipped with uniform omni-directional antennas and have a fixed cost per packet transmission. While many nodes may be interested in the dissemination service, their valuation or utility for such a service is usually private information. A desirable routing and charging mechanism encourages truthful utility reports from the nodes. We provide both negative and positive results towards such mechanism design. We show that in order to achieve the group strategyproof property, a compromise in routing optimality or budget-balance is inevitable. In particular, the fraction of optimal routing cost that can be recovered through node charges cannot be significantly higher than 1 2. To answer the question whether constant-ratio cost recovery is possible, we further apply a primal-dual schema to simultaneously build a routing solution and a cost sharing scheme, and prove that the resulting mechanism is group strategyproof and guarantees 1 4-approximate cost recovery against an optimal routing scheme.


Induction motors of wound rotor or squirrel cage type are widely used in industry application due to their low cost and robustness. Nevertheless, for a long time, these types of motors were used especially in variable speed drives. During the two last decades, due to the great progress in microelectronic control systems and power converters they became also an important in controlled constant speed drives. This paper presents a solution to control an AC induction motor (IM) using Waijung Blockset and STM32F4 DISCOVRY that enable cost-effective design, reducing the system components and increase efficiency. The aim of this work is to keep a constant speed at variable mechanical torque. Thus a closed loop speed control for an induction motor with scalar control technique is presented. Verification of the proposed controller is provided by experimental tests. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the speed controller with a wide range of load.


routine, and also some insight into the purposes and spirit of business life. With regard to the qualities which the ideal research worker slhould possess, Mr. Self placed in the most important position good judgement, and next to this a vivid but well-controlled imagination. To this should be added initiative, energy, perseverance, some curiosity, and a good sense of proportion. The *worker should be both a pessimist and an optimist-enough of the former to realize that some tasks were beyond him, and enough of the latter to believe, once he had chosen his subject, that he was capable of overcoming any difficulties in relation thereto. In addition, if he was in the position of directing other workers, he must possess a character which would ensure himi at least the respect, if not the devotion, of his subordinates; he must be a good organizer and possess a considerable knowledge of human nature. A being, possessed of all these qualities had never existed, and probably never would exist. Nevertheless, the lives of some of the great scientists represented a very close approach to this ideal, and when they were studied it was remarkable how often the ideal had very nearly been attained. Central Midwives Board. The Central Midwives Board for England and Wales, at its meeting on January 2nd, considered a letter from the Ministry of Health stating the conclusions reached by the Maternity and Child Welfare Subcommittee of the British Medical Association with reference to the summoning, of a doctor by a midwife and the sending of patients direct to hospital. The Board agreed to inform the Ministry that the suggested alterations to the rules should receive consideration when the rules underwent revision. Reciprocity was approved with the Nurses' Registration Board of Hobart, Tasmania, as regards the placing on each Roll duly certified midwives in each country. The Board placed on record its opinion that it was desirable in the public interest that the draft of any bill dealing with midwifery questions should be communicated to it for its information and observations before the bill was presented to Parliament, inasmuch as since 1902 it had been the duty of the Board to regulate the admission of midwives in England and Wales to the Roll. The hope was also expressed that the Minister of Health would consult the Board before proceeding to exercise any powers relating to midwifery under any present or future Act. Copies of the resoluitions were ordered to be sent. to the Prime Minister, the Minister of Health, and the Secretary of the Ministry of Health.


The application of agricultural biotechnology
(agbio)* to plant breeding has been a major
success, leading to the rapid development of
new varieties of food, feed and fibre crops. Over
the past two decades, developed countries have
dominated agbio research into plant breeding and
plantings of GM crops. Yet within a decade or two,
developing countries could lead the developed
world in the number of hectares (ha) planted to
biotech, both GM and non-GM, plant varieties and
in agbio research.
This finding is one of the conclusions reached
in a new report due in April 2009: The bioeconomy
to 2030: designing a po/icy agenda, published by
the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD).'


Barrier creams are used extensively in industry to protect the hands from chemical injury. They are also prescribed to protect the skin when inflamed from further damage in such conditions as hand eczema and napkin dermatitis. Despite their wide usage very little is known concerning their efficacy as there are no established methods for their assessment. In this study we describe a new technique for the evaluation of barrier creams and assess an adaptation of another recently described method.


Boehmite-kaolinite bauxite of the North Onega deposit (Arkhangelsk region, Russia) are currently not used to obtain sandy grade alumina due to the high content of silica (alumina/silica ratio, μ Si < 3). Acidic methods are the most promising for treatment this type of raw material. In this study, the bisulfate method was studied, which involves bauxite leaching, precipitation of ammonium alum, recrystallization for gibbsite precipitation and calcination for alumina production. This research studied the effect of temperature: 130 - 170 ºC, liquid to solid ratio: 8 -12, and the leaching duration (5 - 90 min) to the Al, Fe, Ti, Li, Sc, Ga, REEs extraction degree. It is shown that the Al, Fe, Ga extraction degree is higher than 90%. Practically, all the silica and titania remain in the solid residue. REEs extraction degree are not more 70 - 80%. Solid residues after leaching were studied by XRD, XRF, SEM and ICP-MS to define the mechanism of leaching and the solubility of the Al-containing minerals boehmite (AlOOH), kaolinite (Al 4 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 8 ), muscovite (KAl 2 [AlSi 3 O 10 ](OH) 2 ). The data obtained in this research will make it possible to create an effective technology for processing of high-silica bauxite in Russia.


This chapter analyzed customer expectations-based new product and service development process in banking sector for the Turkish banking sector. In-depth interview technique was used. Four dimensions (finance, technology, customer and personnel, and physical conditions) were determined for measuring the efficiency of this process, and 12 criteria were determined for these dimensions. Questions were prepared by considering the literature and these dimensions and criteria. The 26 questions were asked to 12 different personnel working in Turkish banks. Those employees in the private and foreign banks did not indicate any negativity regarding the new product and service development process, but did report deficiencies in terms of personnel and physical conditions in relation to the new product and service development process.


The addition of nutrients may enhance the chance of success in reclaimed areas, despite the adaptation mechanism of native species to the Cerrado soils. The main objective of this work was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) doses on Tapirira guianensis (pau-pombo) tree in a Plintsol of the Planaltina de Goiás, GO, previously covered by Gallery Forest. The response in growth and survival of pau-pombo to N (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha-1 of N) as urea, and P (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha-1 of P) as triple superphosphate was evaluated on a complete randomized block design. Stem diameter was measured at 4, 8 and 12 months after planting. At the end of first year, crown diameter, survival rates and leaf nutrient concentration were measured. The survival of pau-pombo was not affected by N and P fertilization, and the crown diameter did not vary for the P levels. The stem diameter of paupombo was positively affected by P and N fertilization. The best response for the pau-pombo is a doses of 10 kg ha-1 of P and to a N fertilization was best represented by a positive linear fit (Y = 1,918817 + 0,002838 x, R2 = 0,83). The pau-pombo crown diameter response to a N fertilization was best represented by a positive linear fit (Y = 30,134409 + 0,015617 x, R2 = 0,92).


Hydrogen is an important chemical material that is utilized in a large scale in synthetic chemical industries in modern society. On the other hand, technologies for utilizing hydrogen as clean source of energy are considered to assume an important position in order to overcome problems of lack of energy and environment in future. Hence, fuel cells that store hydrogen and operate using it as fuel are developed (Hoffmann, 2002). Such fuel cell is a battery which is actuated by gas. Energy obtained upon a reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is directly converted into electric energy. Fuel cells offer a significant advantage over traditional combusting-based thermal energy conversion, so they provide efficiencies of electrical power supply in the range of 35 to 55%, causing very low level of pollutant emission. They can be used in a wide variety of applications from miniaturized portable power to stationary power stations (Mench, 2008; O'Hayre et al., 2009; Vialstich et al., 2003). Nowadays the rise in portable electronics requires energy sources compatible with the environmental constrains. Portable fuel cells are expected to come first and open the market for other applications. The potential of portable fuel cells includes portable electronics devices (portable computers, cameras, electronic games, phones, audio players, televisions etc.), weather stations, signal units, medical devices etc. Proton exchange membrane (PEM)type fuel cell is attractive and alternative option for production of clean energy for portable and transportation applications (Hockaday, 2000; Hahn et al., 2007). It consists of an organic polymer membrane as proton conductor (Nafion®) sandwiched between two the platinumbased catalysts. Fuel cell operates under clear hydrogen exposition at 100-300oC. An external reformer is required to convert fuel such as methanol or natural gas to hydrogen. However, the major hurdles for commercialization of system with PEM fuel cell consist of generation and direct supply of pure hydrogen gas. Recently, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), based on the PEM-type cell appropriate for micro-scale electronics power has been developed (Varga, 2007; Ohashi et al.,2010; Kamarudin et al., 2009). But, direct methanol fuel cells, in its turn, have disadvantages, related with high temperature operation and formation of the CO pollutant gas. Moreover, using the organic polymer membrane in PEM-type direct-fueled cells and the high-cost platinum catalysts mitigates durability and increases a cost of fuel cells. Degradation of structural characteristics of polymer membrane material due to


The application of the zero charges concept is the latest and promising corrosion protection technique as compared to the cathodic protection (CP) technique. The study was conducted using carbon steel as metal to be protected. The effectiveness study was carried out on carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without corrosion protection system. The results showed that carbon steel surface under zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) had no corrosion effect and consumed a very low electrical current. The protection effectiveness of ZCCP technique is found to be comparable to impressed current corrosion protection (ICCP), while unprotected carbon steel in the same corrosive solution undergoes severe corrosion attacks.


The article analyzes different authors' approaches to understanding the essence of the term "client orientation." Various aspects of client orientation manifestation are shown by using the McKinsey 7S Framework as a basis. A conceptual client orientation model has been proposed, which on the one hand allows structuring client orientation and on the other to estimate this competence in a company. The basic values of client orientation have been defined. The main approaches of economists to understanding competences and distinguishing core competencies have been analyzed. The strategic vision in the context of the modern development of relationship management theory, as well as club trade and economic relations, based on collaborative filtering, have been suggested as new core competences.


Quasiclassical trajectory calculations of the orientation dependence of the cross section for the H + D/sub 2/ ..-->.. HD + D reaction have been carried out at collision energies of 0.55 and 1.30 eV. The results are well approximated by the angle-dependent barrier, line-of-centers steric model of Levine and Bernstein. 18 references, 3 figures, 1 table.


The fluorogenic reagent o-phthalaldehyde was examined in the presence of sulphuric acid as a possible spray reagent for the visual determination of some indol-3-yl acids, including indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA), after thin-layer chromatography. Concomitantly, the effects of 2-mercaptoethanol or cysteine, UV irradiation and gaseous electrical discharge were also examined jointly with the o-phthalaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent. Comparisons between the systems studied were carried out and it was concluded that the best system for the detection of the compounds examined was the o-phthalaldehyde-sulphuric acid system, principally if associated with an UV pre-irradiation treatment.


The paper introduces the concept of component technology and knowledge discovery in database. It describes the feature of developing knowledge discovery system based on the component technology under the support of the software architecture. It implements the software reuse, cuts short the development cycle and reduces the maintenance cost. Furthermore, it supports the technology of 'plug and play'.


A survey is made of 2,800 research-oriented graduate students of 14 national key universities about their training,specifically their background,admission experience,process of study,assessment,living conditions,self-evaluation,and suggestions.Findings include:an overall low percentage of innovation-inspiring courses,late start in the first research project,inadequate preparations for degree theses,insufficient independent research work,and relatively few high-level research outcomes.It is an important task for universities to establish an effective graduate training mode to foster top-notch scholars.This mode should be characterized by an integrated system incorporating baccalaureate,master's and doctoral programs;an innovation training framework based on research topics,questions and projects;an evaluation system that well balances responsibilities,rights and interests to encourage instructors to devote their energies to student training;an exploratory-type curriculum that emphasizes research,frontier studies and innovation;more funding for graduate education;an innovative academic environment,and the formation of a knowledge innovation community of teachers and students.


From the point of view that scoring is a kind of transition process from a fairly lubricated condition to catastrophic adhesion, changes in tribological parameters such as the friction coefficient, the surface temperature, and the state of oil film formation, at every load step, were reinvestigated from previous test results of scoring conducted with a step-load condition using a two-disk machine. The relation between the surface temperature T and the coefficient of friction f varied with the conditions of asperity interaction, which were controlled by the direction of lay, the roughness heights, and the running-in process. The improvement of conformity between the microgeometries of the two surfaces made the T-f relation similar to that of smooth surfaces. The change of friction coefficient corresponded to the state of oil film formation. In the case of a hunting drive ratio of 1.95, when the T-f relation showed thermally unstable changes, that is, a simultaneous increase in the surface temperature and the friction coefficient just before the end of the load step, scoring did not always occur. Sometimes the scoring limits were higher than when using an integral drive ratio of 2, though no significant difference was observed in their T-f relations .These facts suggest that there is a difference in the probability of transition to scoring by the drive ratio.


The invention relates to culture medium for industrial cultivation of pleurotus eryngii. The culture medium for the industrial cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of corncob, 20-30 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of bran, 20-30 parts of Chinese silvergrass, 0.5-1.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 part of urea and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum. The culture medium for the industrial cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii has the advantages that a pattern that wood chips are taken as a main raw material for the traditional pleurotus eryngii cultivation is broken through, source of raw materials for the industrial cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii is broadened, and a new income increasing approach is provided for a region rich in corncob; when the culture medium for the industrial cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii is used for cultivating the pleurotus eryngii, the growth cycle is short, the pleurotus eryngii cultivation period is 24-26 days only, the yield is high, the product quality is good, and the production cost is low.


This paper lays the foundations for a fundamentally new style of intelligent 6G security that combines deep learning AI/ML with Physical Layer Security. The joint combination of AI and Physical Layer Security is proposed as natively secure privacy layer that conceals sensitive information exchange across the 6G air interface. The framework supports a zero trust model of security for air interface signals connecting the 6G Access Node (AN) to mobile devices. Simulation results for intelligent Physical Layer Security are shown to outperform linear detection models in Rayleigh fading and noise for multiple MIMO antenna sizes and across codebook modulation order.


The material classification in some chinese penetrant testing standards such as JB/T 7523—2004, JB/T 4730.4—2005,GB/T 18851.2—2005 and HB 7681—2000 was introduced,and the verifying methods for sensitivity grade in those standards were presented also.The comparison made the difference in those standards more clearer,and it was helpful for the standard choice for penetrant testing person,and could promote the use of penetrant testing in our country.


A typical digital low-dropout regulator (DLDO) that is clocked with a fixed frequency suffers from the trade-offs between power, speed, and stability. This paper proposes a DLDO that achieves both fast settling and low power consumption without limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) by adaptively changing the clock frequency and eventually turning off the clock in the steady state. The proposed LDO also features an inverter-based droop-compensation circuit for output-capacitor-free operation. The proposed LDO designed in a 28-nm CMOS process achieves a 70-ns settling time and a 137-mV droop voltage for the 400-mA load current transition with a 2.6-ns edge time, which translates to the figure of merit of 4.8 fs.


This paper describes progress on the participative development of the Ieramugadu Cultural Information System - an example of an indigenous community information system. The project is designed to develop and evaluate innovative procedures for elicitation, analysis, storage and communication of indigenous cultural heritage information. It is investigating culturally appropriate information systems design techniques; multimedia approaches; and ways to ensure protection of secret/sacred information. Effective procedures and products to facilitate the use of heritage information for education and negotiation are also being developed and evaluated. The paper summarises project progress to date and draws preliminary conclusions regarding key aspects of the research.


The estimation of coverage probabilities, and in particular of the missing mass, is a classical statistical problem with applications in numerous scientific fields. In this paper, we study this problem in relation to randomized data compression, or sketching. This is a novel but practically relevant perspective, and it refers to situations in which coverage probabilities must be estimated based on a compressed and imperfect summary, or sketch, of the true data, because neither the full data nor the empirical frequencies of distinct symbols can be observed directly. Our contribution is a Bayesian nonparametric methodology to estimate coverage probabilities from data sketched through random hashing, which also solves the challenging problems of recovering the numbers of distinct counts in the true data and of distinct counts with a specified empirical frequency of interest. The proposed Bayesian estimators are shown to be easily applicable to large-scale analyses in combination with a Dirichlet process prior, although they involve some open computational challenges under the more general Pitman-Yor process prior. The empirical effectiveness of our methodology is demonstrated through numerical experiments and applications to real data sets of Covid DNA sequences, classic English literature, and IP addresses.


A semiautomated dot blot assay and cDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to study longitudinal anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) recognition patterns i n relation to presence of HCV‐RNA in transfusion recipients and their infectious donors. In 9 recipients, 4 different patterns of HCV infection were observed: (A) persistent HCV carriage accompanied by chronic hepatitis in 6, (B) acute resolved hepatitis, but persistent HCV replication in one, and (C) continuous HCV replication without hepatitis in one and (D) acute resolved hepatitis with clearance of infection in one. This last self‐limited infection was characterized by the disappearance of HCV‐RNA as well as anti‐HCV reactivity. In contrast, antibody reactivity persisted in 7 of 8 patients with chronic HCV infection who could be followed until 1990. Seven of the 9 recipients developed antibodies to all recombinant peptides in dot blot assay; one became positive for anti‐C33 and anti‐core and one developed anti‐core only. The sequence of appearance of antibodies differed among individual patients. In 7 patients with full anti‐HCV recognition patterns, the sequence of events was (mean and limits in days after transfusion): onset of hepatitis at day 50 (22–74), seroconversion of anti‐C33 at day 91 (59–129), anti‐core at day 133 (54–203), and anti‐C100 at day 143 (59–365). The incorporation of C33 and core proteins, in addition to C100, in the second generation anti‐HCV ELISA enhanced the detection rate in the HCV‐infected transfusion recipients from 7/9 (78%) to 9/9 (100%). In 4 of the 7 anti‐C100 seroconverters anti‐HCV was detectable 38–277 days earlier in the new ELISA. However, the development of anti‐HCV in the second‐generation ELSA was still delayed [54–192 (mean 103) days after transfusion and 0–135 (mean 53) days after onset of hepatitis]. We conclude that combined application of anti‐HCV immunoblot techniques and cDNA‐PCR in consecutive samples is necessary for reliable diagnosis of either ongoing productive or resolving HCV infection. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Why is it so difficult to implement new technology. Intuitively one would say that one should use a new technology when it is better than the old technology. Adaptation of a radical new technology however will have a big impact on the way the business processes around the technology are organized. This may result in the optimal time of adaptation being either earlier or later. In Non Destructive Testing (NDT) every new technology has to be qualified, and even then it takes many years for the market to see a technology as proven and accepted. A common way to approach replacement is to demand equal or better performance of the new technology being employed. Performance however is often assessed by a mix of parameters. The questions central to this article are: 1. What is the relative performance of the new and old technology? 2. What are the changes and consequences of adopting the new technology? 3. When (in which circumstances and what time) to replace the old technology? In this paper some theoretical notions on these questions are introduced. Than the questions are studied in the context of a practical NDT case, replacement of visual inspection by guided waves piping inspection for the detection of corrosion under insulation in piping of process plants. It is concluded that on all performance parameters defined, the new technology is superior to the old one. The case and theory are used to identify six factors that delay the implementation of new NDT technology. The research presented in the paper is conducted by Applus RTD and Delft University of Technology and aims to better understand the innovation process in NDT and other areas where new technology and safety interact. The research is motivated by Applus RTD trying to improve facility in employing new technologies. The intent is to understand how to maximize the value created for customers while retaining high quality and consistently providing customer confidence.


Usually, the stereo correspondence for a feature point in the first image is obtained by searching in a predefined region of the second image, based on the epipolar line and the maximum disparity. The reduction of the search region can increase the performance of the matching process, in the context of the execution time and the accuracy. For edge-based stereo correspondence, we obtain the relationship between the maximum search space in the second image and the parameters like relative position of the edges, the disparity under consideration and the focal length. Considering the maximum of the disparity gradient in the real scene, we formulate the relation between the maximum search space in the second images with respect to the relative displacement of the continuous edges (as the feature points) in the successive scan lines of the first images. Then regarding the pdf of the disparity gradient, we obtain the maximum of the disparity gradient based on parameters like disparity under consideration and focal length. Finally we develop some very fast stereo matching algorithms, based on the normalized cross correlation criteria (NCC) for different sizes of the matching block.


Chefs have long looked to various aspects of food, culinary trends, restaurants and their peers for inspiration. So much that they take time away from the line to go deep into culinary cultures across the globe as spectators, diners, tourists and even as line cooks to fi nd the inspiration behind their new dishes or menu items. The premise of a chef's sabbatical is not a new theory or trend, but rather a new explanation of a rite of passage in the culinary world via culinary tourism. At the start of a chef's career, they are encouraged to work and gather experience from a number of restaurants before becoming an Executive Chef. However, when they do become an Executive Chef, it is di ffi cult to take on multiple tasks or work at di ff erent restaurants to further their knowledge outside the kitchen. This is where the chef's sabbatical premise is put forward. " This article is dedicated to the late Chef Anthony Bourdain, who inspired us to get up and move "


In this article we compare two different perspectives on the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant proposal and funding process: that depicted by the genre-dominant NSF Web site and that articulated by several successful NSF-funded researchers. Using genre theory and play theory to map the respective processes, we found that a systems-based refocusing of audience analysis—namely, genre field analysis—allows researchers a more accurate understanding of their roles as agents within the system.


This study aimed to firstly, design curriculum in which students are not marginalized in interaction with vocational training institute teachers during learning and secondly, suggest effective curriculum instruction measures by applying the educational theory by Leve Semenovich Vygotsky, which has been provided as the alternative toward traditional teaching method. As the literature review toward the educational theory by Vygotsky, zone of proximal development, scaffolding, and collaborative learning have been examined. Also, in empirical research, survey study and experimental research have been conducted so as to propose haircut practice curriculum instruction measures which applied Vygotsky's educational theory. When it came to the difference between curricula applying Vygotsky's educational theory and traditional curricula, the former had relatively higher educational effects when it came to understanding, interest, and skill improvement. Therefore, based on Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, it has been validated that collaborative learning education can exert influence in the form of group activity through social participation and the education has positive interdependency. This study is meaningful in the sense that it provides basic study data related to future beauty practice curriculum instruction.


The effect of the type of organometallic iron or copper compounds on the value of the absorbance signals of these metals in an air-acetylene flame and for iron in a dinitrogen oxide-acetylene flame is reported. The determination of iron and copper in xylene solutions of the asphaltene and resinous petroleum fractions was carried out using various organometallic compounds of both metals as standards and by both the calibration graph and standard additions techniques. There are serious limitations to the direct flame atomic-absorption spectrometric methods, owing to transport interferences. In addition, with iron, there are matrix interferences caused by the structure of the petroleum samples being analysed and also owing to the various forms of iron present in these samples. It is recommended that determination of these elements in heavy petroleum fractions should be carried out by dry mineralisation and flame atomic-absorption spectrometric analysis of aqueous solutions.


Recent experimental evidence for a field-induced quantum spin liquid (QSL) in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ calls for an understanding for the ground state of honeycomb Kitaev model under a magnetic field. In this work we address the nature of an enigmatic gapless paramagnetic phase in the antiferromagnetic Kitave model, under an intermediate magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. Combining theoretical and numerical efforts, we identify this gapless phase as a $U(1)$ QSL with spinon Fermi surfaces. We also reveal the nature of continuous quantum phase transitions involving this $U(1)$ QSL, and obtain a phase diagram of the Kitaev model as a function of bond anisotropy and perpendicular magnetic field.


Disclosed is a method for preparing aluminum substituted garnet. The method for preparing a cubic phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) includes dry-mixing Li2CO3, La2O3, ZrO2 and Al2O3. The mixture is fired at 800 DEG C to 1,000 DEG C for 5 to 7 hours, naturally cooled, and dry-mixed. A pellet having a size from 8 mm to 12 mm at 120 MPa to 150 MPa is manufactured using the mixture. Then, the pellet is fired at 1,000 DEG C to 1,250 DEG C for 20 to 36 hours.


Previous researches have shown that number of high-speed machine applications in direct drives and generator units increases from year to year. This is due to obvious potential benefits of such power installations: reduced dimensions of high-speed electric machine, decreased total weight of installation, increased efficiency of energy conversion. The main purpose of this paper is to select optimal type of electromechanical convertor for such installation. Four types of electrical machines were considered: synchronous machine with permanent magnets, asynchronous machine, inductor machine, switch-reluctance machine. Comparative analysis of designed 4 MW 12,000 RPM generators was conducted for active materials weight and specific power value and conclusions were drawn.


This paper proposes a computational model for learning robot control and sequence planning based on the ideomotor principle. This model encodes covariation laws between sensors and motors in a modular fashion and exploits these primitive skills to build complex action sequences, potentially involving tool-use. Implemented for a robotic arm, the model starts with raw unlabeled sensor and motor vectors and autonomously assigns functions to neutral objects in the environment. Our experimental evaluation highlights the emergent properties of such a modular system and we discuss their consequences from ideomotor and sensorimotor-theoretic perspectives.


Introduction: Globally, women and children are the fastest growing group of HIV-positive individuals. As 90% of the pediatric HIV infection is due to mother to child transmission, determination of the seroprevalence in pregnancy will also enable us to take some measures to decrease the transmission to the newborn. Objective: To study the seroprevalance of HIV among pregnant women. Methods: Data of 31,328 women attending the antenatal clinic from January 2006 to December 2009 was analyzed. The pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic for consultation were counseled for HIV testing, informed consent was obtained and blood samples collected for HIV testing. Seropositive women were questioned regarding their awareness of AIDS, personal habits, blood transfusion, drug abuse and methods of contraception. Spouses of the seropositive pregnant women were also counseled and similarly tested for HIV. Results: Acceptability of the test after patient counseling was 72.85%, and 95.3% women attended post-test counseling and collected reports. Conclusion: There is no definite treatment for HIV/AIDS; however, the pandemic can be controlled by education and behavioral modification.


Intercellular adhesion mediated by the claudin and cadherin/catenin complex is a prerequisite for epithelial integrity and differentiation, and has been suggested to be frequently disturbed in cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between such abnormality and clinicopathological features of colorectal carcinomas.


Multi-species grasslands are reservoirs of biodiversity and provide multiple ecosystem services, including fodder production and carbon sequestration. The provision of these services depends on the control exerted on the biogeochemistry and plant diversity of the system by the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors, e.g., grazing or mowing intensity. Biogeochemical models incorporate a mechanistic view of the functioning of grasslands and provide a sound basis for studying the underlying processes. However, in these models, the simulation of biogeochemical cycles is generally not coupled to simulation of plant species dynamics, which leads to considerable uncertainty about the quality of predictions. Ecological models, on the other hand, do account for biodiversity with approaches adopted from plant demography, but without linking the dynamics of plant species to the biogeochemical processes occurring at the community level, and this hampers the models' capacity to assess resilience against abiotic stresses such as drought and nutrient limitation. While setting out the state-of-the-art developments of biogeochemical and ecological modelling, we explore and highlight the role of plant diversity in the regulation of the ecosystem processes underlying the ecosystems services provided by multi-species grasslands. An extensive literature and model survey was carried out with an emphasis on technically advanced models reconciling biogeochemistry and biodiversity, which are readily applicable to managed grasslands in temperate latitudes. We propose a roadmap of promising developments in modelling.


Nordic material of Nephroma helveticum is shown to belong in two species, provisionally named N. helveticum s. str. (ca. 20 localities in Finland, Norway, and Sweden) and N. tropicum (one locality in Norway). The species hypotheses are based on phylogenetic reconstruction of the ITS and mtSSU markers, terpenoid chemistry, and subtle morphological differences. Judging from terpenoid chemistry, both species also occur in Central Europe, and the application of the name N. helveticum is considered unsettled as it may actually belong to either of the two species. Nephroma sipeanum is regarded as a synonym of N. tropicum, and N. subhelveticum as a synonym of N. helveticum. Both species are extremely rare in the Nordic countries.


The baffle as the important part of middle pan exists execrable and complicated going,so it is not better using traditional experience formula method to optimize middle pan.Firstly applies topology technology to the design of baffle by FEA and elucidates the rationale,then brings forward process of the optimization design in the area of middle pan using topology optimization.The results of optimization for some middle pan show that FEA are an available method.It can supply important reference for the design of middle pan.


This article aims to analyze the impact of Covid 19 on the macroeconomy of Riau Province, including economic growth, investment, public consumption, and inflation in Riau Province and Riau Province government policies to overcome them. This study takes data related to macroeconomics in Riau, uses secondary data. Covid 19 caused a decrease in economic growth compared to the period before Covid 19. Covid 19 did not have a too significant impact on investment in Riau Province. The condition even shows an increase in investment compared to the previous year. Covid 19 caused a significant decrease in public consumption in Riau Province. Covid 19 causes inflationary instability in Riau. The Riau Provincial government's policy in controlling the impact of Covid 19 on the macroeconomic sector is through refocusing as the Covid recovery budget in Riau and supporting the realization of the National Economic Recovery fund budgeted by the Central Government. The government's policy is to ensure the implementation of infrastructure development (toll roads and provincial roads) to support distribution, agricultural incentives, labor-intensive projects, SME assistance, Pre-Employment Cards, and other policies aimed at ensuring economic stability in Riau Province.


An autonomous mobile robot is being developed to perform remote surveillance and inspection task on large numbers of stored radioactive waste drums. The robot will be self guided through narrow storage aisles and record the visual image of each viewable drum for subsequent off line analysis and archiving. The system will remove the personnel from potential exposure to radiation, perform the require inspections, and improve the ability to assess the long term trends in drum conditions.


Since the absorption spectrum of CuO is well matched with the spectrum of the sunlight, it is considered to have potential applications in some optoelectronic devices such as solar cells etc [1]. In order to obtain better performance of CuO-based devices, it is necessary to deeply understand the effect of structural parameters of thin films such as thickness on the physical properties of CuO thin films. Copper oxide exists in two different crystalline phases viz; cuprite or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and tenorite or cupric oxide (CuO), CuO has a monoclinic structure and a band gap of 1.2–1.9 eV while Cu2O has a cubic crystal structure and a band gap of 2.1–2.6 eV [2]. In this study, the CuO thin films with different thicknesses were prepared by a facile sol-gel: dip-coating method. The structural and the optical properties of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis absorption spectra, respectively.


Granular cell tumors are uncommon benign tumors occurring most commonly on the tongue, skin and subcutaneous tissue. They are most often seen as a solitary nodule in adults. Multiple lesions are very rare, particularly in children. We report a case of multiple granular cell tumors in a 13-year-old boy on his left arm which was presented as firm, flesh-colored, match-head to pea-sized, tender nodules for 6 months. Histologically, the tumors are nonencapsulated nodules, composed of large, polyhedral cells with an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the granular cells are strongly positive for S-100 protein.


ISOBUS as an international standard for agricultural machinery has gained in significance. However, access is time-consuming and hence ISOBUS technology is still underrepresented in both education and research. Thus at the University of Applied Sciences Osnabruck an ISOBUS demonstrator has been developed, consisting of an ISOBUS terminal, a sensor system (3DTime- of-Flight camera) and a microcontroller-based ECU (Electronic Control Unit). One aim is, the interdisciplinary application of the demonstrator in University level education. On the other hand the demonstrator has a high potential for research, since the integration strongly increases options in fi eld trials and can reduce transfer time to prototype development.


This paper is concerned with the study of spatial behavior of solutions in a heat-conducting viscoelastic mixture consisting of two constituents: a porous elastic solid and a viscous fluid. By using adequate time-weighted integral measures, some spatial estimates of Saint–Venant type (for bounded bodies) and Phragmén–Lindelöf type (for unbounded bodies) are established. The estimates in question are characterized both by time-independent as well as time-dependent decay and growth rates.


An expansion theory of spherical cavities in strain-softening materials with different moduli of tension and compression was presented. For geomaterials, two controlling parameters were introduced to take into account the different moduli and strain-softening properties. By means of elastic theory with different moduli and stress-softening models, general solutions calculating Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb materials' stress and displacement fields of expansion of spherical cavity were derived. The effects caused by different elastic moduli in tensile and compression and strain-softening rates on stress and displacement fields and development of plastic zone of expansion of cavity were analyzed. The results show that the ultimate expansion pressure, stress and displacement fields and development of plastic zone vary with the different elastic moduli and strain-softening properties. If classical elastic theory is adopted and strain-softening properties are neglected, rather large errors may be the result.


ABSTRACT Urbanization induced growth of secondary cities presents several issues and challenges for sustainable development. Yet, secondary cities continue to receive less attention from scholars, city planners and policymakers in Africa. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of secondary cities is critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11. This paper examines the emerging spatial and temporal evolution of two secondary cities in Northern Ghana. The paper utilizes raster data (1990–2019) and applied landscape metrics to analyze spatial development in Wa and Bolgatanga municipalities along three concentric rings. The results show significant increase in built areas over the study period. Urban development in the two cities is becoming more or less fragmented, dispersed and contiguous. Inadequate spatial planning, weakly regulated development and uncoordinated land markets account for the fragmentated spatial forms. The two cities exhibit a monocentric form that fluctuates, is dynamic, and discontinuous. The paper reflects on the implications of the findings and suggests the need for a planned extension of secondary cities in Africa to generate efficient urban forms, curtail sprawl and protect the natural environment.


SUMMARY Pulmonary metastasis of stage IV colorectal cancer was long considered to be an incurable disease with an indication for palliative treatment. While technical advances in surgical therapy led to a broad acceptance of surgical resection of solitary lung metastases, the feasibility of removing all pulmonary metastases with a curative intention has now come to the center of attention. Despite the lack of randomized clinical trials giving evidence in support of the value of surgical resection, we postulate an aggressive surgical strategy within a multidisciplinary management framework.


This thesis is related with the WiMAX (World Interoperability Microwave Access) technology and the standard elaborated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) under the 802.16 family of standards. Nowadays, the demand of broadband access is growing exponentially every year. Users demand a good-quality connection at anytime in everywhere, whereas countries look for an economic, fast-to-deploy and high performance broadband technology to provide access to every region. WiMAX can be a solution to this problem thanks to its technical advantages such as large coverage and low-cost, as for the strong support of the industry through the WiMAX Forum. In addition to, the Mobile WiMAX version can give the full mobility of cellular services at higher broadband speeds than other technologies such as Wi-Fi. In this thesis, after a brief introduction about the broadband wireless technologies and the different IEEE 802.16 standards, an accurately explanation of WiMAX and its technical aspects is included. At the end, it is possible to examine the different applications implemented with WiMAX and a brief comparison with other wireless technologies. Author: Jorge López Vizcaíno Supervisor: Senior lecturer Ari Rantala Name of the thesis: WiMAX: IEEE 802.16 Number of pages: 86 Degree programme: Telecommunications Engineering Date of presentation: 05.06.2008 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Tampere polytechnic for the opportunity I had to write my thesis in Finland and especially to my supervisor Ari Rantala whose guidance and encouragement helped me during these months. I am also very grateful to all my family (parents, sisters and nephews) for their enthusiastic support, wise advices, inspiration and love during all these years, but especially I would like to thank and dedicate this thesis to my grandmother because she would be deeply glad and proud of me. I would also like to thank all my friends from Spain and to the ones in here for their help in the hard moments. "Lapinkaari people" thank you for sharing unforgettable moments during this year which was the best of my life. At last but not least I would like to thank Xana, for all her help in my English doubts concerning this thesis work, and Cláudia for her support and help.


To meet the application demand of low-voltage auxiliary power supply system for hybrid electric vehicles(HEV), a auxiliary power supply control strategy for vehicular DC/DC converters, which is enable to suit to the wide varying range of input voltage and can reasonably implement charging/discharging control of low-voltage battery and energy management, is proposed. On the basis of researching the demand of the three-segmental charging characteristics, various working conditions and operating modes of battery on DC/DC converter and proving the differential flatness of vehicular auxiliary power supply system, a multi-objective trajectory planning algorithm interfusing efficiency curve and current change rate with energy management is put forward. To meet the premise that the output the control system is differential flatness, i.e., the output current can track the reference current fast and accurately, a dual-integral high order and fix frequency quasi-sliding-mode control algorithm as well as its mathematical model and the design method of the controller are given. Finally, the simulation model, the engineering prototype and the experimental platform of the proposed control system are constructed. Results of simulation, experiments and engineering application show that the proposed auxiliary power supply control strategy for DC/DC converter is effective and feasible.


The main aim of the paper is to build evaluation systems of financial ecological environment,in terms of the empirical study of Heilongjiang Province.The paper assesses the level of regional financial ecological environment by using the method of factor analysis.The results of the paper can provide scientific and rational policy proposals to China.


This paper oers a trio of Euclidean constructions of an ellipse given its rst moments and second central moments. The crux of these constructions lies in the graphical construction of Carlyle [4, p. 99] and Lill [2] for the roots of a quadratic and the Pappus-Euler problem [12] of the construction of the principal axes of an ellipse from a pair of its conjugate diameters. Mathematics Subject Classication : 51M15, 51N20


The unipolar arc (UA) consists of two parts: the emitting electrons cathode part and the anode part collecting electrons. The central (emitting) part operates as a vacuum arc with relatively well-established experimental parameters: cathode voltage drop, current density, and minimal arc current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The current distribution in the background plasma was considered to find the condition of the UA existence, which is the ability of the background plasma to provide the return current at a level above <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Two situations were considered: with and without external magnetic field. It was found that in the magnetic field absence, the condition for the UA existence is determined mostly by the plasma temperature. At the same time, the magnetic field dramatically shifts the domain of the unipolar existence toward higher temperatures and higher plasma densities.


The formation of contact ion pairs in Mg(NO3)2 solutions and their effects on the hygroscopic properties of the solutions were studied using Raman spectroscopy of Mg(NO3)2 droplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance. Upon reduction in the ambient relative humidity (RH), Mg(NO3)2 droplets lose water but do not effloresce. The molar water-to-solute ratio (WSR) decreases exponentially with decreasing RH, but it decreases linearly with RH when it is less than 6. This transition of hygroscopicity at WSR = 6 coincides with an abrupt blue shift of the ν1 band of NO3- from 1049 to 1055 cm-1 in the Raman spectra, which is due to nitrate ions entering into the primary solvation shell of Mg2+ ions to form direct contact ion pairs. As the WSR further decreases, a shoulder on the higher wavenumber side of the ν1 band appears near 1060 cm-1 and the separation of ν3 bands increases because of the formation of more complex contact ion pairs. Raman images of supersaturated droplets at WSR = 2.8 show structural heterog...


After experimenting with direct the adsorption of drugs on mesoporous silica (1), we turned to more complex hybrid materials offering a better control of the storage and release steps due to a specific functionalization of the pores interface or to the use of so-called as-synthesized hybrids. During the preliminary studies the use of fluorescent peptides or drugs was found to be necessary to complete the proof of inclusion of the drug inside the pores as opposed to adsorption or crystallization on the external surface of the particles or to pore-mouth clogging. This was also done during the development of liposil (2). These nanospheres coated by a dense silica outer shell can potentially store hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs, or both simultaneously in the central aqueous core or in the surrounding lipid bilayer). More recently, hydrotalcites, minerals known for their adsorption potential towards charged species allowed us to develop layered hybrid systems that contain two interacting self-assembled subsystems, able to store neutral and strongly hydrophobic drugs or anionic ones.. They form following direct interaction of liposomes with the layered mineral and a single bilayer is trapped between the brucite like layers. Here also, the use of fluorescent species as drug mimics proved to be necessary to fully determine the structure and organization of these new and complex systems (3). At a slightly acidic pH, the release lead to the reconstruction of the drug loaded liposomes. Coming back to the drugs grafted to the surface of the pores, weaknesses were revealed in the behaviour of these loaded particles during simulated release. It appeared that these problems, due to the interaction between the silica walls and the drug or between neighboring drug molecules, were similar to those met in the grafting of catalytic centers, in the case of a release triggered by the action of an enzyme for instance. A full study was done using a pyrene derivative (replacing the drug or catalytic center) linked to a grafted spacer. The control of the interaction of grafted molecules in a family of solids, substituted by increasing amounts of the fluorescent probes gave an answer to some of the questions raised. The fundamental role of fluorescence in the characterization of the structure of these advanced materials for health and in their evolution will be put forward.


Fusion is one of the most important code transformations as it has the potential to substantially optimize both the memory hierarchy time overhead and, sometimes asymptotically, the space requirement.
 In functional languages, fusion is naturally and relatively easily derived as a producer-consumer relation between program constructs that expose a richer, higher-order algebra of program invariants, such as the map-reduce list homomorphisms.
 In imperative languages, fusing producer-consumer loops requires dependency analysis on arrays applied at loop-nest level. Such analysis, however, has often been labeled as "heroic effort" and, if at all, is supported only in its simplest and most conservative form in industrial compilers.
 Related implementations in the functional context typically apply fusion only when the to-be-fused producer is used exactly once, i.e., in the consumer. This guarantees that the transformation is conservative: the resulting program does not duplicate computation.
 We show that the above restriction is more conservative than needed, and present a structural-analysis technique, inspired from the T1--T2 transformation for reducible data flow, that enables fusion even in some cases when the producer is used in different consumers and without duplicating computation.
 We report an implementation of the fusion algorithm for a functional-core language, named L0, which is intended to support nested parallelism across regular multi-dimensional arrays. We succinctly describe L0's semantics and the compiler infrastructure on which the fusion transformation relies, and present compiler-generated statistics related to fusion on a set of six benchmarks.


Abstract A simple method for modelling the textures of liquid-crystalline phases, recently proposed by Bedford et al., is here rewritten in matrix form. A formal similarity is found between their method and the continuum theory of liquid crystals. Disclination patterns are simulated by solving a modified matrix equation.


【 Abstract 】 This paper introduces the background and evaluation system of engineering education accreditation, and analyzes the basic requirements of outcome-based education for course teaching. Based on the standards of engineering accreditation, the method of course construction is explained. It points out what is the difficult problem in the implementation of outcome-based teaching


The cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase (AOX) respiratory pathway can reduce the excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Here we showed that transgenic rice seedlings transformed with OsAOX1a for rice alternative oxidase under the control of ubiquitin promoter exhibited thermotolerance after acute exposure, 41–45°C for 10 min, or chronic exposure, 37°C for up to 8 days. In contrast, these high temperature stresses resulted in significant growth inhibition in wild-type and transgenic plants with antisense OsAOX1a. The enhanced tolerance was significant in shoot growth, suggesting that the increased levels of AOX protein would dissipate the excess reductants produced in the chloroplasts suffering from oxidative damage due to high temperature stress.


Retirement is one of those sensitive topics, like politics and religion, to be avoided when talking to doctors who are still working. It risks provoking a diatribe on the new NHS pension arrangements, their children's university tuition fees, and, for comparison, bankers' bonuses. We of the boomer generation have learnt to keep our mouths shut and our heads down.

If it's any comfort, young doctors, let me reassure you that retirement is rather a disappointment. Yes, there is the …


The thesis that Mexican Americans' perceptions of mental illness are similar to those held by Anglos is so widely accepted by students of mental illness that its validity has seldom been questioned. Using survey research methods a comparative investigation between samples of Anglo and Mexican American respondents concerning perceptions toward mental illness was conducted in selected Los Angeles communities. The interviews centre on short vignettes describing imaginary persons as suffering from what psychiatrists generally consider mental illness. To account for changes in perceptions several hypotheses are tested: the acculcuration, Mexican culture, adolescent and Chicano generation theses. The Chicano generat on thesis proved to be significant. Young Chicanos perceive mental illness not only differently from, but in a narrower perspective than, the Anglo and the older Mexican American.


The importance of research is highlighted in seeking to increase the dunumah of yield, which leads to providing indicators for decision-makers in drawing agricultural policy and managing production resources in an efficient manner. The research problem is focused on the lack of knowledge of cucumber growers in the Kirkuk Governorate - Hawija district to know the optimal size of farms, which leads to a decline. Production on the one hand and high production costs on the other hand, and given that Iraq is one of the developing countries, it suffers from many production obstacles, including the high elements of economic resources such as seeds, fertilizers, control materials and pesticides or importing them from outside the country, and based on the research problem, it aimed to: estimate the optimal volumes For areas and production of the option crop in the research sample, estimating the proportion of economies of scale achieved for the crop farmers by calculating the elasticity of the average cost function and the function coefficient. The optimum sizes of areas and production for the cucumber crop in Hawija district were extracted by drip irrigation method through the cost functions in the long run and the cost flexibility and function factor of the cucumber yield were extracted in the research sample. )15,517( tons, and the optimum areas of this crop reached (13,453) dunums, so the farmers of the cucumber crop by drip irrigation method do not achieve the optimum volume of production, and this means that there is a deviation from the optimal size of the yield of the research sample and in light of the results reached, the study recommended the adoption of The experiences of the owners of efficient farms and benefiting from them in employing their expertise in inefficient farms in order to reach full levels of efficiency, the need to activate the role of the agricultural extension apparatus in training and directing farmers to adopt modern techniques in irrigation.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a process for recycling and preparing coated white cardboard by using waste paper. The process comprises the following steps of: taking waste paper, repulping, screening, deinking, deslagging, washing and concentrating, whitening, storing in a pulp pool and making paper, wherein the step of repulping comprises the steps of dispersing the waste paper into a fiber suspension liquid, heating the fiber suspension liquid to be at 40-55 DEG C, adding a cellulose liquid and rotating for 20-35minutes so as to conduct primary deinking; the step of deinking comprises a step of further deinking by using an ultrasonic generator; the step of whitening comprises steps of oxidation and reduction whitening; the step of making paper comprises the steps of respectively feeding the whitening pulp into a surface layer, a core layer and a base layer of a paper machine conveying system, respectively making the pulp into three layers by using a paper machine according to the ratio of 38-78wt%, 15-35wt% and 12-30wt%, and subsequently conducting composite paper making so as to manufacture a raw paper board. According to the process, no raw wood pulp is used, so that the resource is saved, the environment is protected, the production cost is lowered, and moreover the produced white cardboard is good in whiteness, high in strength and applicable to requirements of high-quality package and decoration.


According to mathematical transformation for the basic equation on critical water depth of open trapezoidal channels with spherical bed, the paper poses an iterative formula on its calculaton by applying the iteration theory. Moreover, on the basis of a mass of calculations and analyses on practical engineerings and selecting the right initial value on the optimal approaching theory, a short-cut, correct and effective method for direct calculating the critical depth of open trapezoidal channels with spherical bed was proposed.


A comprehensive test set targets the detection of several fault models. As an example, in this study, stuck-at faults, transition faults and four-way bridging faults are targeted. Bridging faults represent a fault model where it is necessary to select a subset of target faults from all the possible faults. After test generation for single stuck-at faults, undetectable single stuck-at faults can be used for identifying undetectable transition and four-way bridging faults. These faults can be removed from the sets of target faults to reduce the test generation effort. The new contribution of the study is related to the possibility of updating the set of target bridging faults again after test generation for transition faults. The analysis performed in the study leads to the premise that the presence of an undetectable or aborted transition fault on a line g
 makes bridging faults that are associated with line g
 less likely to be detected. As a result, line g
 may be covered by fewer bridging faults than selected for it, creating a test hole. To address this issue, the study suggests that more bridging faults should be selected for line g
 in this case. Experimental results are presented to support the discussion.


VOL. 100 NO. 1 I JULY 2017 E15 WWW.CUTIS.COM A 29-year-old man from Saudi Arabia presented with slightly tender skin lesions occurring in crops every few months over the last 7 years. The lesions typically would occur on the inguinal area, lower abdomen, buttocks, thighs, or arms, resolving within a few weeks despite no treatment. The patient denied having systemic symptoms such as fevers, chills, sweats, chest pain, shortness of breath, or unexpected weight loss. Physical examination revealed multiple erythematous papulonodules, some ulcerated with a superficial crust, grouped predominantly on the medial aspect of the right upper arm and left lower inguinal region. Isolated lesions also were present on the forearms, dorsal aspects of the hands, abdomen, and thighs. The grouped papulonodules were intermixed with faint hyperpigmented macules indicative of prior lesions. No oral lesions were noted, and there was no marked axillary or inguinal lymphadenopathy.


The article examines and estimates the possibility of applying the conception of territorial marketing when planning and managing the development of tourist destination. In real terms, territorial marketing recognizes branding as a key element of territory promotion. Branding of destinations, being well-developed in theory, is widely applied. Since 2003, China has introduced a system of touristic sites classification that ranks destinations from the lowest A-level to the highest 5A. The latter marks a site as world famous landmark, which means a considerable increase in tourist flow. In the run-up to the Winter Olympics, winter sports and tourism are gaining popularity in China. International Tourism Investment Association operates a winter sports center in Heilongjiang Province. Following the increasing demand for winter tourism services, the company has decided to implement a development strategy for Finshuishan Mountain Winter Sports Center to raise the destination to 5A-level. The project involved working out a program of a complex territorial marketing strategy, and operationally, the goal has been achieved. However, due to formal reasons, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Winter Sports Center cannot be classified as 5A.


In many coastal waters, including in the Kwandang Bay, often there are threeinterrelated ecosystems, they are mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs ecosystems.This study aims to determine the existence of mangrove ecosystems in the KwandangBay waters, and to determine the condition of the ecosystem based on the communitystructure. This research was conducted in the waters in the Kwandang Gulf of NorthGorontalo District for three months. The method used in this research was a surveymethod, and purposive sampling was conducted to collect the data. Six samplingstations with 20x20 m2 transect areas were determined to collect the mangroveecosystem data. Mangrove species found were Shoneratia alba, Brugeiragymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus sp,, Cariops tagal, Rhizophora sp, and Avicenia sp. Themangrove ecosystem has low diversity level, evenly distributed species, and there is nodominant species.


ABSTRACT: Comprehending the role that school education plays in contemporary society, from its practices and pedagogical actions, is extremely important. The projects and educational activities developed inside the school environment, help in the formation of citizens with critical awareness. In this regard, this paper aims to comprehend the value of the environmental education interdisciplinary projects developed by a rural elementary school - Dom Erico Ferrari Elementary State School, located in the town of Nova Palma/RS, covering the "garden at school" and "honey and its uses" projects, elaborated, respectively, with students from the 9th grade and 1st to the 4th grade. The methodology is based on a qualitative approach, held bibliographic, documentary and field research, besides the application of interviews to the people involved in the projects. As a result, the presented projects were effective, contemplating the environment education in its practices in different contexts and spaces, including the school and its community. The projects are important because of the socio-environmental debates and the critical ideas implemented in a variety of subjects of the academic curriculum, motivating the knowledge exchange, since it works with questions related to the reality of the students.
KEYWORDS: School community, interdisciplinary projects, workshops.


18F‐FDG‐PET/CT has become a standard for assessing treatment response in patients with lymphoma. A subjective interpretation of the scan based on the Deauville 5‐point scale has been widely adopted. However, inter‐observer variability due to the subjectivity of the interpretation is a limitation. Our main goal is to develop an objective and automated method for evaluating response. The first step is to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based method, for the automated quantification of reference levels in the liver and mediastinal blood pool in patients with lymphoma.


Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are crucial elements for packaging of power electronics. In particular, development of high-temperature lead-free die-attach TIMs for silicon carbide wide bandgap power electronics is a challenge. Among major options, sintered silver shows advantages in ease of applications. Cost, performance, reliability, and integration are concerns for technology implementation. The current study first discusses issues and status reported in literatures. Then it focuses on cost reduction and performance improvement of sintered silver using enhancement structures at micro- and nano-scales. A few design architectures are analyzed by finite element methods. The feasibility of strengthening edges and corners is also assessed. The downside of potential increase of unfavorable stresses to accelerate void coalescence would be optimized in conjunction with design concept of power electronics package modules for paths of solutions in the form of integrated systems. Demands of developing new high-temperature packaging materials to enable optimized package designs are also highlighted.


This pack contains "Harrap's Spanish Phrase Book", together with an informative cassette that is designed to aid comprehension and pronunciation. The cassette contains additional oral practice material and tourist information on Spain, as well as hints on the local customs.


The Greatest threat to the Territory Opposition Leader Delia Lawrie today said that the Liberal plan to change GST distribution threatens billions in funding to the Northern Territory. "The Tony Abbott plan to change the GST distribution is the greatest threat the Northern Territory faces," Ms Lawrie said. "Tony Abbott and the Liberal premiers have a plan to move towards a per capita distribution which would result in the Territory losing $2.2 billion."


THE EFFECTS OF RISKY ALCOHOL USE AND TYPE OF HOOK UP BEHAVIORS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOOKING UP TO COPE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT Leah E. Stevens Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. James M. Henson Hook up behaviors are sexual behaviors that participants engage in consensually without the expectation of a romantic commitment, and they occur frequently in the college context and often co-occur with binge drinking. Research indicates that several factors (i.e., alcohol intoxication, type of sexual behavior, specific motives for hooking up, gender) are predictors of negative emotions associated with hook up experiences, such as regret, shame, confusion, and disappointment. The experience of negative emotions due to hook up experiences in addition to using hookups to cope with negative affect are both associated with aspects of poor mental health such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, the present study sought: (1) to examine the relationship between hooking up to cope and negative affect about the most recent hook up experience, (2) to examine the influence of alcohol intoxication on negative affect about the most recent hook up experience, (3) to examine how gender might moderate the effect of the type of sexual behavior on the degree of negative affect for the most recent hookup behavior, and (4) to examine how the relationship between hooking up to cope and negative affect might change based on alcohol use, type of sexual behavior, and gender. Participants were 474 (72% female) uncommitted, heterosexual undergraduate students with at least one hook up in the past 12 months. Findings revealed a positive association between hooking up to cope and negative affect about the most recent hook up experience and that increased intoxication moderated that association. Compared to women, males reported lower negative affect about the most recent hook up experience. Clinical implications suggest that targeting binge drinking and coping hook up motives as methods for reducing negative emotions related to hook up experiences for men and women. Future research should investigate the mechanisms involved in the relationship between hooking up to cope, risky sexual behaviors, and negative mental health symptoms.


An exploration of small entrepreneurship as a social-economic phenomenon and its role in the development of Tajikistan economy is rather actual being of practical importance. Small business makes a considerable contribution into an overcoming of financial-economic crisis and a transition of the country to an innovatory way of development. Enterprises of small and middle-sized business play an important role in the formation and development of market relations in Tajikistan Republic. Small business promotes a maintenance of competitive environment, solves the problem of population's employment, stabilizes economic and political situation in the country. It promotes a way out of economic crisis, transition of the country to an innovatory road of development.


Abstract The 1695 returns for the marriage duty tax provide a unique opportunity to investigate the composition of London's domestic groups. Traditional schemes for the analysis of the early modern family and household fail to capture the complexities of metropolitan living, and a 'London-specific' methodology is outlined for use in the returns' classification. Application of this scheme to returns from two contrasting areas of London, a cluster of wealthy city-centre parishes and a poorer suburban precinct, reveals a series of structural differences in their families and households that are attributable to the wealth and social status of their respective populations. However, some aspects of the domestic experience within the two areas are more comparable than previous accounts would suggest.


Quick Response Code: Nothing sells like bad News! Mainstream media have become experts in this "art," fine tuning their devious methods since years. The recent Editorial in the Lancet "India's COVID-19 Emergency" takes the cake – as a landmark low in vulture journalism.[1] What was previously considered as a respected scientific medical journal has stooped to the level of tabloid newspapers such as the Sun and Daily Star.[2]


Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 Cells by tsA Mutants of Simian Virus 40: Temperature Sensitivity of the Transformed Phenotype and Retransformation by Wild-Type Virus Brockman (W. W. Brockman, J Virol 25:860 – 870, 1978, http://jvi.asm.org/content/ 25/3/860.abstract) investigated the function of the A gene of simian virus 40 (SV40) in transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells by infecting cells with wild-type (wt) SV40 and with six tsA mutants whose mutation sites map at different positions in the early region of the SV40 genome. Cells were infected at the permissive temperature, and cloned transformants were characterized for temperature sensitivity of the transformed phenotype. The majority of the tsA transformants, but none of the wt transformants, were temperature sensitive for maintenance of transformation. Furthermore, temperaturesensitive tsA transformants that were superinfected with wt SV40 were resistant to temperature inhibition of the transformed state. Since temperature-sensitive tsA transformants become temperature resistant on retransformation by wt virus, the temperature-sensitive defect lies in the product of a viral and not a cellular gene. These results imply that the protein encoded by the SV40 A gene is required to maintain the transformed phenotype in BALB/c-3T3 cells. The tsA gene encodes T antigen, and this study demonstrated that SV40 T antigen is required for transformation maintenance.


A 45 year old woman was referred to our immunology department with antibody deficiency and an eight month history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections that required antibiotic therapy. Four years previously she was diagnosed as having epilepsy and was treated with carbamazepine. Serum immunoglobulins were measured repeatedly and showed antibody deficiency (IgG 4.5 g/l (range 6-16 g/l), IgM 0.3 g/l (0.5-2 g/l), and IgA 0.67 g/l (0.8-2.8 g/l)). Lymphocyte immunophenotyping and …


Rehearsal recordings are valuable for music ensembles to im prove their performance. However, since rehearsal recordings are typically h ours long and contain disordered, disrupted, and unclassified musical content (m ixed with different sections of different music pieces, conductor's talk, all kind s of noise between rehearsal intervals and so on), they're hard to use directly. F or example, recordings for a particular song are not easily found. This paper presen ts a variety of approaches to extract all the musical segments from the disarr ayed rehearsal audio stream and then cluster the segments belonging to the same pi ec of music together. The procedures discussed herein have the potential to be applied in a large scale music database to accomplish the music information re trieval (MIR) tasks.


An online phosphate nutrient estimation model is constructed by a regressive analysis method. Electrochemistry sensor technology is introduced to measure nitrogen nutrient, kalium nutrient, calcium nutrient and a PH.A method is put forward to make online analysis of nutrient solution in greenhouse agriculture. A real system of nutrient solution online analysis is constructed. All this makes a good base for the control of the nutrient environment in greenhouse agriculture.


The invention discloses a method for issuing a mobile multimedia broadcast business instruction. The method comprises the following steps: a first sender generates a basic business information part ofa business instruction and sends the basic business information part of the business instruction to a first receiver through a first network; a second sender generates a service business informationpart of the business instruction and issues the service business information part to the first receiver through a second network; and the first receiver combines the basic business information part ofthe business instruction and the service business information part of the business instruction. Correspondingly, the invention also provides a system and a device for issuing the mobile multimedia broadcast business instruction, and therefore, the invention can save the mobile network bandwidth resource and avoid the congestion condition of a mobile business management platform.


The thickness controlling principle of zinc coating in the production of gas hot galvanized steel sheet was introduced.By reforming the air blower pipeline and adopting two parallel air blowers to provide pressured air,the blowing zinc ability of the air knife was effectively improved in the production practice of a certain steel plate galvanizing line.After the reformation,the air pressure of air knife was increased 15kPa,and the production speed could be raised 20m/min.So the production capacity of steel plate galvanizing line was enhanced greatly.


Novel chiral N‐phosphinamide and N‐phosphinyl imines have been designed, synthesized and applied to asymmetric aza‐Henry reaction to give excellent chemical yields (92%– quant.) and diastereoselectivity (91% to >99%de). The reaction showed a great substrate scope in which aromatic/aliphatic aldehyde‐ and ketone‐derived N‐phosphinyl imines can be employed as electrophiles. The chiral N‐phosphinamide can be stored at room temperature for more than 2 months without inert gas protection, and chiral N‐phosphinyl imines were also proven to be highly stable at room temperature for a long period under inert gas protection. The N‐phosphinyl group enabled the product purification to be performed simply by washing crude product with EtOAc and hexane. This reaction joined other eight GAP (Group‐Assistant‐Purification) chemistry processes that were developed in our laboratories. The absolute configuration has been unambiguously determined by converting a β‐nitroamine product into a known N‐Boc sample.


The in situ chemical characterization of Titan's aerosols with the ACP-GCMS (Aerosol Collector and Pyrolyze-Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer) experiments onboard the Cassini-Huygens mission showed that the aerosols heated at 600°C were releasing two main gaseous compounds: NH3 and HCN. To better understand the process of production of these species at high temperature, and their relationship to the solid aerosol composition, it is possible to mimic in laboratory the Titan's atmosphere chemistry to produce analogues of Titan's aerosols (tholins), chemical and physical properties of which can be studied with laboratory instrumentation. In the present work, we studied the thermal decomposition of tholins produced with the PAMPRE cold plasma experiment[1]. For this study, pyrolysis at various temperatures, coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Pyr-GCMS), has been used in order to understand the origin and formation mechanism of the NH3 and HCN compounds. With this aim, two samples were produced using different initial CH4/N2 gaseous mixtures with different concentration ratios: (5:95) and (10:90). Pyr-GCMS was applied to characterize their chemical composition and molecule structure. In order to study the evolution of chemical compounds released as a function of temperature, the final pyrolysis temperature has been set from 100°C to 900°C with a 100°C step increment. The results show that the major compounds released are similar for the two different studied samples. They include hydrocarbon compounds, nitriles, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and some pyrrole isomers. Moreover, whatever the final temperature is, acetonitrile is the most abundant compound released by the samples. At 100°C only water contribution can be detected. Then the number of compounds released increases with the temperature up to 600°C. With the temperature increase the nature of the gaseous species detected does not change significantly. Pyrrole was not detected until the temperature exceeds 600°C for (5:95) sample and 400°C for (10:90) sample. Benzene has also been detected at 800°C for the (5:95) sample and 700°C for (10:90) sample. In the same way, toluene has been detected for the (10:90) sample at 700°C but it has not been detected for the (5:95) sample. This could indicate that carbon percentage is directly related to the benzene and toluene production. HCN and NH3 as the major compounds detected in the ACP instrument were also found in our results. It confirms that the aerosol analogues produced in PAMPRE set-up are among the most similar to Titan's aerosols, as found in [2]. [1] C. Szopa, G. Cernogora, L. Boufendi, et al. : PAMPRE: A dusty plasma experiment for Titan's tholins production and study, Planetary and Space Science, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 394-404, 2006. [2] P. Coll, R. Navarro-Gonzalez, C. Szopa, et al. : Can laboratory tholins mimic the chemistry producing Titan's aerosols? A review in light of ACP experimental results, Planetary and Space Science, vol. 77, pp. 91-103, 2013.


Recent visitors to the People's Republic of China have published a vast number of reports of different aspects of New China. In the health area, most of the reports have paid attention to specific medical and health innovations. However, few have discussed the way these innovations are brought about within the historical and political changes that have taken place in China. Some have even suggested that dramatic changes in health care, such as the introduction of barefoot doctors, can be exported to other nations.In this paper, our contention is that only by examining the barefoot doctor movement in the historical, social, and comparative contexts can we gain a better insight into its appropriateness for Western cultures. We present limited data on barefoot doctors, based on our five weeks' trip to China, in the light of concurrent changes that have taken place in other areas: education, the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, cooperative health plans, family planning, and the organization of urb...


This essay examines the relationship between studies in urban communication and freedom of expression. It introduces the concept of the "communicative city" and then explores those elements that regulate freedom of expression in a city. It examines the web of regulations that support urban communication contrasted with those which hinder and therefore disqualify a city from being "communicative." The urban environment is explored in an effort to develop a paradigm of urban communication law.