Abstract An analytical method is proposed to characterize the stress distribution of the soil around a caisson foundation under lateral load in an elastic half-space. A series of model-scale tests is performed to delineate the characteristics of lateral resistance stress along the foundation periphery. Accordingly, the mathematical expression of circumferential resistance stress is established based on the elastic-beam theory. Thereafter, the stress increment in the surrounding soil is derived by numerically integrating the Mindlin's stress solution. The analytical solution for the stress variation in different directions can be solved by a numerical calculation program, the effectiveness of which is further evaluated by comparing with the experimental results. It is found that the stress increment of the soil around the caisson foundation decreases exponentially with the increase of the distance from the foundation side. The vertical additional stress is approximately saddle-shaped and anti-symmetric with respect to the x-axis and the y-axis of the foundation. A bridge project with caisson foundation is further analyzed using the proposed method to demonstrate the influence of caisson foundation geometry, including the embedment and the diameter, on the additional stress distribution.


It was brought to our attention that in the original paper Table I lists some of the values with wrong units. In addition, we detected some errors in Eqs. (1) and (7) as well as in Fig. 1, which have consequences on both the sign of the single-ion anisotropy parameter D and the anisotropy-induced level splittings of Mn2+ dimers and tetramers. First, the minus sign associated with the single-ion anisotropy term in Eq. (1) has to be changed to a plus sign,


A method and system (10) for controlling a continuous crystallization process that may be used in particular for the production of bisphenol A, has a with a crystallization apparatus (12) connected in circuit heat exchanger (14). A heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger (14) for cooling the installation apparatus (12) of an exhaust stream (16) is adjusted in dependence on a supplied feed flow (24) to control an outlet temperature of the effluent stream (16). According to the invention the heat exchanger performance currently required is determined by calculation, said calculated heat exchanger performance is timed attenuated at the heat exchanger (14). By the temporal attenuation large temperature differences in the heat exchanger (14) can be avoided, so that fouling in the heat exchanger (14) is avoided. This results in an improved quality of control in fewer production stoppages and thus to improved productivity.


Discussion The variation in the cell type prediction over time might be due to simple assumptions for the mechanical model (axisymmetry, axial load, boundary condition). In the nutrient concentration model, the extreme values must be improved, discrepancies with other data might be caused by modeling issues. References [1] Prendergast et al, J Biomech.,1997. [2] Isaksson et al, J.Theoretical Biology, 2008. [3] Soukane et al, J. Biomech. Eng, 2005. • Change in cell phenotype or density • Tissue degeneration • Cells • Growth factors • Anti-catabolic agents Degeneration Regenerative strategies


Experiments are performed for assessing the efflux time when water soluble polymer solutions are added to a open cylindrical tank drained by two exit pipes (The flow in each of the pipes is assumed to be turbulent). The polymer used is polyacrylamide (PAM). Experiments are performed for four different concentrations of polymer solutions and optimum concentration of polymer is found. A generalized correlation for friction factor is developed.


The invention discloses an equipment failure feed-back system, and relates to the technical field of home networks. The equipment failure feed-back system comprises a failure collector, a failure collecting auxiliary device and a failure server, wherein the failure collecting auxiliary device and the failure server are respectively connected with the failure collector. The failure collecting auxiliary device is used for collecting operation information of a device which is connected with the failure collecting auxiliary device, and sending the operation information to the failure collector. The failure collector is used for sending the received operation information and the failure information which is sent by the device to the failure server. The failure server is used for feeding back the failure information to a product client end to be processed, and meanwhile judging whether the device is in an abnormal state according to the operation information, if yes, the operation information is sent to the product client end to be processed by being used as abnormal information. The invention further discloses an equipment failure feed-back method. The equipment failure feed-back system and the method achieve failure detection and forecast to intelligence devices and non intelligence devices.


Objective To evaluate the efficiency of inhibiting hyperacute rejections in swine to human xenotransplantation through expressing human decay accelerating factor (DAF) on the membrane of cultured pig aortic endothelial cells (PAECS) by gene transference.Methods The cultured PAECS were identified by immunoelectromicropy methods.The human DAF cDNA containing eukaryotic expression vectors PSFFV DAF were transferred into the PAECS by lipofectinmine mediated.Stable transfectants were selected using G418 (concertration 100 mg/L) and were preserved after 12 days.The expression of DAF was assayed by flow cytometry.Results The fluorescence intensity of the transfected cells and the control cells were 82.18 and 1.69 respectively in the assay by flow cytometry.The fluorescence intensity of the transfected cells could maintain 71.96 after five passages.Conclusion The fluorescence intensity of tranfected DAF expressing cells was much higher than that of control cells.Human DAF gene was stably expressed in PAECS with high efficiency.The present study provided an evidence for the further model of transgenic swine.


A review of recent results of searches for rare decays with new physics sensitivity from the analysis of the data recorded at the BABAR experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center PEP-II B-Factory, is presented. In particular, results of searches for the Standard Model (SM) rare B meson decays, such as B → γγ and B → Kν ¯ ν, as well as for the SM forbidden lepton and baryon number violating mode B → Λ (c) l are shown. We also describe recent searches for the corresponding similar charm meson decays D → γγ and X + c → h ± l ∓ l (')−. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.


This paper presents a systematic, contingent approach to management education and development. The model contains key factors (educational and developmental goals, instructional style, knowledge or...


To document alloparenting among the 18 Efe camps of the Ituri Forest in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo data were collected between January 1988 and October 1989. The focal subject sampling technique was adapted to record the behaviors of infant and mother simultaneously across all contexts. Systematic and informal interviews were conducted with mothers and other caregivers. The study included discussions on a logistic regression model of the occurrence of allocare and linear regression model of the amount of time spent in allocare. Comparisons between individuals in allocaregiving time regression fit to hypothesized allocaregivers reciprocity and resource exchange and cost of alloparenting were included as well. The data shows consistency with analyses of Efe care of young infants and older children. Child rearing among the Efe demonstrates the central role of human life history and social ecology in providing the opportunity for multiple modes of cooperation in parenting. The modes would include nepotism reciprocity and learning-to- mother. The study further reveals that the life history and ecology of the Efe hold clues that productive and reproductive constraints facilitate allocare by affecting the access that individuals have to food and social security.


Dante Alighieri, one of the masters of Italian and world literature, depicted Hell as a platform where human beings who had been corrupted would face their sins, and in this way he tried to warn humanity. Dante refused to dene the various types of punishment in "Hell" as different reections of the law of "contrapasso". He also stressed the necessity that this term should be set free from a limited understanding of justice put forth by Aristotle and other theologians. While the poet devised the types of punishment, which acquired a concrete aspect in "Hell", he gave priority to their association with the crimes committed in this world. According to him, regarding the principle of "contrapasso", the punishment should not only be relevant to the crime but also be linguistically relevant and memorable to the criminal. The aim of the poet is to reason the inevitablity of the judgement through the law of "contrapasso". To sum up, it is crucial to scrutinize the causality of "contrapasso" together with Dante's religious acquisitions, so as to render the message of The Divine Comedy, which is inspired by the political and social context of its period, comprehensible.


The cultivation of off-season crops is encouraged in Burkina Faso as part of its development policy and also to address the food shortage experienced by the country due to its Sahelian location with capricious rainy seasons. Thus, this activity has been intensified around water reservoirs and marshy areas to overcome this food shortage. However, market gardeners are faced with damage caused by pests, which forces them to make extensive use of pesticides. The present study consisted of a process of communication for behavioral change, to offer modern tools (coaching, awareness) for the benefit of market gardeners in the commune of Boulmiougou. This approach is part of a dynamic to familiarize them with good knowledge of pesticides in their diversity, and especially their use in the required scientific standards and in the preservation of our living environment.


This paper presents an evaluation of the contextual factors of HMM-based speech synthesis and coding systems. Two experimental setups are proposed that are based on successive context addition from phonetic to full-context. The aim was to investigate the impact of the individual contextual factors on the speech quality. In that sense important and unimportant (i.e., not having significant impact on speech quality, also called weak) contextual factors were identified. The results imply that in speech coding the improvement in quality can be achieved just with reconstruction of syllable contexts. The sentence and utterance contexts are unimportant on the decoder side, and it is not necessary to deal with them. Although in speech coding the wider context was not necessary, in speech synthesis current syllable and utterance contexts are more important over others (previous and next word/phrase contexts).


It is an important part of the studies of the coastal land-ocean interaction for the changes of the beach in response to the wave dynamic action.The relationship between the volumes of continuously measured profiles in Nanwan beach and the variable wave heights of Nanwan nearshore region was discussed by using a singular spectrum analysis method,with which singular vector space distribution pattern was obtained.The results were shown as follows:(1) There was close relationship between the changes of beach volumes and wave dynamic action;(2)the sensitivity of response of the middle segment of the beach was obvious to the wave dynamic action;the sensitivity in the straight-line segment was the next in order;the sensitivity in the shadow zone was the weakest;(3) the related area between the wave field of the nearshore region and the beach field was obvious,which was a key area primarily located in the middle segment of the beach,nearshore zone and the adjacent area of the line between the capes stretched out into the sea.


Today, an increasing number of women enter, remain, and succeed within science, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) fields. However, women's participation is still not proportionate: patterns of hierarchical and territorial segregation remain. Womenearned18.1% of undergraduate degrees in engineering in 2009-10, with significant variance by subfield. Explanations for the continued underrepresentation of women focus on the social structure of society, the social structure of STEM education and professions, and/orthe content and application of STEM knowledge. This paperfocuses on the pre-college experiences of first year female engineering students at Cal Poly and offers lessons for recruitment based on 1) when the students decided to major in engineering, 2) why the students chose engineering as a major, 3)


Fifty-four species of birds collected or observed in the vicinity of La Pesca (7 miles west), Tamaulipas are listed herein. The birds of the coastal plain of Tamaulipas have been little studied; consequently, this report includes new records for the area. Specimens obtained are preserved in The Museum at Michigan State University. The birds of coastal Tamaulipas are poorly known except for areas in the vicinity of Matamoros, at the northern border, and in the vicinity of Tampico, at the southern border (see i.e., Phillips, 1911). Actually, the most attractive parts of the state to ornithologists have been the tropical and temperate habitats adjacent to and in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental (see Eaton and Edwards, 1948; Robins and Heed, 1951; and Sutton and Pettingill, 1942). Probably the dense nature of the thorn shrub, the high infestation of ticks, and the absence of suitable roadways have assisted in discouraging field workers along the coast line as well as on offshore islands (barrier beaches). With the increased interest in the fishing resources of the coastal waters of Tamaulipas, sportsmen are visiting the area both by charted airplane (see Hall, 1951) and by the improved road to La Pesca (reached either from Ciudad Victoria or Jimenez). The activities of the fishermen are centered chiefly around the mouth of the Rio Soto La Marina or at the various passes ("cuts") from the lagunas to the Gulf of Mexico through the barrier beach. Occasionally, sportsmen bring back reports of birds (see Mayfield, 1948). The area in the vicinity of La Pesca is covered chiefly with densegrowing ebony, huisache, mesquite, acacias and other shrubs and low trees, species typical of the thorn forest of southern Tamaulipas and northern Veracruz (see Leopold, 1959:35). Primitive roadways and cattle trails afford the chief means of traveling through the growth. Low, shrub-covered hills occur away from the river. Westward the thorn forest gradually opens to become the mesquite desert, typical of many parts of northeastern Mexico. Probably some of this coastal area was open grassland before the advent of domestic livestock (see Goldman, 1951:266). Small lagunas, either dry or containing shallow water, occur adjacent to the Rio Soto La Marina. These places make conspicuous open-


In forensic analysis of visual surveillance data, 'default reasoning' can play an important role for deriving plausible semantic conclusions under incomplete and contradictory information about scenes. In this paper, we present an inference framework for default reasoning using Subjective Logic theory. Subjective Logic is a relatively new branch of probabilistic logic that allows explicit representation of ignorance about knowledge in a model called subjective opinion and that also comes with a rich set of operators thereby, having big potential as a tool for belief representation and reasoning. However, its application to visual surveillance is in its infancy and its use for default reasoning is not reported yet. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bestow the ability of default reasoning on subjective logic and show the feasibility of using the introduced inference framework for visual surveillance. Among the approaches to enable default reasoning, the Bilattice framework is one that is well known and demonstrated for visual surveillance. For deriving the usage of subjective logic for default reasoning, we first discuss the similarity between the partial ignorance concept in subjective logic and the concept of degree of information in Bilattice based structure for multivalued default logic. Then we introduce the inference mechanism for default reasoning by mapping multi-logic-values into subjective opinion and combining operators in subjective logic. Finally, we present some illustrative reasoning examples in typical visual surveillance scenarios.


Competitive protein adsorption to polymer surfaces has been investigated using radioactive labelling. Discs of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were immersed into albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human serum solutions with added I-albumin and I-IgG for 1 hour and 24 hours at 37°C. After rinsing in phosphate buffer, the radioactivity on the PET discs was measured by a gamma counter and the amount albumin and IgG adsorbed on the surfaces was determined. Comparing the adsorption of albumin and IgG from single protein solutions and human serum solutions with approximately the same concentration of albumin and IgG, the adsorption from single protein solutions is always higher. Some adsorptions of albumin and IgG to PET from single protein solutions have shown a somewhat higher adsorption than expected if considering earlier experiments performed and reported in the literature (Wagner et al., 2002; Lassen et al., 1997; Balcells et al., 1999), and this can be explained by protein aggregation and fragmentation (Holmberg et al., 2007). Figure 1 shows albumin and IgG adsorption to PET surfaces after 1 hour and 24 hours adsorption from human serum solutions with added I-albumin and I-IgG. By using two different iodine isotopes, the adsorption of albumin and IgG can be monitored simultaneously.


Abstract Among the rights that precede rights in the registration of a trademark, Polish law does not take into account the rights to signs acquired as a result of their use in trade. It also does not take into account such rights in regard to excluding the effectiveness of the right from registration due to the tolerance of such rights arising later. Meanwhile, the aforementioned rights are raised not only in cases of infringement of the protection right for a trademark but also in criminal cases concerning a counterfeit trademark (Art. 305 of the Industrial Property Law). In connection with the proposed deregulation of the Industrial Property Law Act, a question arises about the need for a more comprehensive amendment of the relevant provisions. This question also concerns the provisions on criminal liability, namely whether they should not directly – as is the case with the provisions on civil liability – condition the claim for protection of the right to a trademark from its (full) effectiveness in a given case, including in the context of fulfilling the requirement of genuine use of the mark. These questions become all the more justified in the light of the comparison of the above-mentioned legal status with the solutions in this regard in other EU Member States (e.g. in German law) – in terms of the competitive legal position of enterprises using trademarks belonging to them in these countries, respected on the basis of national legislation.


ABSTRACT This research examines the influence of organizational factors—intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, work relations with management, and work relations with co-workers—on the relationship between public service motivation (PSM) and two work outcomes: job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Using data from the 2005 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes of over 2,200 employees in the Australian public and private sectors, this study found a direct and significant association between the two work outcomes and PSM (and the PSM-fit variable). Despite their significant and direct effects on the work outcomes, the organizational factors did not show any significant moderating effects on the relationships between PSM-fit and the two work outcomes.


A refraction projection apparatus with filtering film comprises a display unit; a refractor set to polarizedly refract the passing or reflected light from the display unit; a filtering film close to the refractor set; a virtual image forming set to reflect or refract the light source through the refractor set and form reflection light into a virtual image; the refractor set is located between the display unit and virtual image forming set; the refractor set is at an angle Y with the display unit, which is more than zero and less than ninety degrees. ii


In this case report we describe a 17-year-old boy with severe behavioural disorders, apathy and cognitive decline who was eventually diagnosed with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (x-ald). If a patient presents with a combination of psychiatric and neurological problems, metabolic diseases such as x-ald should be included in the differential diagnosis.


In this paper,to enhance innovation capability,it use Malmquist Index to analyze the dynamic efficiency of research and development of Chinese Hi-tech industries in two different periods that is 2001-2004,and 2004-2007.According to the characteristics of research and development,it studies general efficiency of research and development which is different from traditional efficiency of research and development.The general efficiency takes into account two aspects of the independent development and technology introduction.It can be found:at different periods,the input-output structure characteristics of research and development in Hi-tech industry have changed significantly,and the input-output efficiency characteristics of research and development in Hi-tech industry have changed dramatically;at the same time,the efficiency of resource allocation has declined apparently,in the two periods.


Significance Overcoming resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors is a major clinical challenge in oncology. Development of crizotinib resistance through the emergence of a secondary ROS1 mutation, ROS1G2032R, was observed in patients with ROS1 fusion-positive lung cancer. In addition, a novel ROS1 fusion recently has been identified in glioblastoma. A new agent with robust activity against the ROS1G2032R mutation and with CNS activity is needed to address these unmet medical needs. Here we report the identification of PF-06463922, a ROS1/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, with exquisite potency against ROS1 fusion kinases, capable of inhibiting the ROS1G2032R mutation and FIG-ROS1–driven glioblastoma tumor growth in preclinical models. PF-06463922 demonstrated excellent therapeutic potential against ROS1 fusion-driven cancers, and it currently is undergoing phase I/II clinical trial investigation. Oncogenic c-ros oncogene1 (ROS1) fusion kinases have been identified in a variety of human cancers and are attractive targets for cancer therapy. The MET/ALK/ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib (Xalkori, PF-02341066) has demonstrated promising clinical activity in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, emerging clinical evidence has shown that patients can develop resistance by acquiring secondary point mutations in ROS1 kinase. In this study we characterized the ROS1 activity of PF-06463922, a novel, orally available, CNS-penetrant, ATP-competitive small-molecule inhibitor of ALK/ROS1. In vitro, PF-06463922 exhibited subnanomolar cellular potency against oncogenic ROS1 fusions and inhibited the crizotinib-refractory ROS1G2032R mutation and the ROS1G2026M gatekeeper mutation. Compared with crizotinib and the second-generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitors ceritinib and alectinib, PF-06463922 showed significantly improved inhibitory activity against ROS1 kinase. A crystal structure of the PF-06463922-ROS1 kinase complex revealed favorable interactions contributing to the high-affinity binding. In vivo, PF-06463922 showed marked antitumor activity in tumor models expressing FIG-ROS1, CD74-ROS1, and the CD74-ROS1G2032R mutation. Furthermore, PF-06463922 demonstrated antitumor activity in a genetically engineered mouse model of FIG-ROS1 glioblastoma. Taken together, our results indicate that PF-06463922 has potential for treating ROS1 fusion-positive cancers, including those requiring agents with CNS-penetrating properties, as well as for overcoming crizotinib resistance driven by ROS1 mutation.


A wind sensor enables simultaneous speed and direction measurement based on TFBG coated with asymmetrical SWCNT film is proposed. In the experiment, we investigate three angles direction with range of wind speed of 0–2.0 m/s.


Information on the use of different training systems in peach under the sub-tropics is inadequate. Trees of Shan-i-Punjab peach were planted at two spacings, viz., 5 m x 2 m and 5 m x 3 m and were trained to four training systems, viz., Y shaped, Hedge row, Espalier and V trellis. The fruits harvested from Espalier and V trellis trained trees were superior in fruit quality in terms of fruit size, weight, colour and TSS as compared to fruit harvested from other training systems. Fruit yield was found to be maximum from V trellis trained trees. Trees planted at 5 m x 3 m gave higher fruit yield and better quality fruits as compared to 5 m x 2 m planted trees irrespective of training systems.


In this paper, results from researches on conceptual metaphors/metonymies are presented, as well as the respective linguistic expressions which are licensed and semantic-discursive functions of these expressions in three discursive genres. Among the genres investigated, in the project Metaphor, Discursive Genre, and Argumentation (MGDA), by me and the students whose research is/was carried under my advisement, only some results from researches already complete are presented here: on summary, police news, and scientific divulgation news. In these genres, we verified the use of linguistic expressions which materialize conceptual metaphors and metonymies, leading to an effect of removal of those actually in charge of the actions divulged, but this removal has a different semantic-discursive functioning.


Al 2 O 3 /SiC nanocomposites have been produced by a variety of processing routes in order to broaden the range of microstructures available. Nanocomposites with various volume fractions of SiC nanoparticles have been made using the standard mixed powder route. Further alumina - 5vol% SiC p composites have also been produced using γ-alumina and Boehmite starting powders for the matrix instead of the more usual α-alumina, and by two chemical processing routes. Silicon carbide particles were coated by alumina in all cases where the SiC particles were initially mixed with an alumina precursor lower in order than γ-alumina. The results are discussed in terms of powder particle size, grain growth and impurities introduced by the reagents used. Grinding results show that the proportion of surface plastic deformation increases with increasing SiC content for the standard mixed powder route. For the 5vol% SiC p composites, the percentage of plastic deformation decreases with increasing amounts of glass-forming impurities.


The role of indulgences in pre-Reformation English religion remains incompletely studied. Centred on material contained in the Lincoln episcopal registers dating from c. 1290 to c. 1340, granting indulgences for prayers for the souls of named people and often specifying their burial locations, this article argues that their place in medieval spirituality and charitable activity has been under- appreciated. Examining the mechanisms and implications of the Lincoln records, it suggests that under-recording of actions considered normal and routine, rather than lack of popularity, lies behind the failure to give indulgences their due place in assessment of English medieval religious life.


Although many previous studies have investigated the information search behavior in some specific age groups of tourists, few of them comprehensively examined the relationships between cross-generational tourists and their preferences for various types of trip-planning resources. This study aimed to fill this research gap. The authors employed correspondence analysis to assess and visually display the correlations between four generational groups—the Silent Generation (aged over 65), the Baby Boomers (aged 50–64 years), Generation X (aged 30–49 years), and Y (aged 18–29 years)—and 10 primary travel information sources for the Shanghai international tourist market. The results indicated that tourists in the Baby Boomers and Silent Generation groups rely most on travel agencies and tour operators. The Generation X tourists are inclined to search websites for their travel information. Generation Y tourists are more likely to consult friends and/or relatives and travel guidebooks. The study has both theoretical and practical contributions. The core values of generations are used to explain their preference of information sources from a theoretical perspective. This study assists destination marketers to design effective promotional strategies suited for different generational segments.


One-dimensional nanostructures with very large aspect ratios, such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts, have attracted significant interest due to their potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. Generally, a variety of surfactants as soft-templates have been used for preparing one-dimensional materials. The surfactant-assisted synthetic method provides the outstanding crystal morphology and low agglomeration of one-dimensional nanomaterials. However, the use of these surfactants may block surface reaction sites of nanomaterials and lead to significant decrease of their catalytic and physical properties of nanomaterials. Therefore, a simple method without the use of surfactants must be developed for the large-scale preparation of one-dimensional materials. Strontium chromate (SrCrO4) is an important material used as photocatalysts, photoluminescence materials, and yellow pigments. SrCrO4 was normally synthesized by conventional solid state reaction with SrCO3 and Cr2O3 at 1200 °C. SrCrO4 was also synthesized using a microwaveassisted reaction with SrCl2 and Na2Cr2O7. 9 Recently, onedimensional SrCrO4, such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts, have been synthesized via different synthesis routes. SrCrO4 nanorods with maximum length of 1.6 μm were prepared by a hydrothermal reaction in the presence of PVP (poly(vinylpyrrolidone)). The average aspect ratio of SrCrO4 nanorods ranges from 8.7 to 22.7. Most of one-dimensional SrCrO4 obtained comprised of lengths of a few micrometers. To the best of our knowledge, the longest length of SrCrO4 nanowires with length of about 10 μm and the aspect ratio of 100 was obtained from the reaction of aqueous SrCl2 and Na2Cr2O7 solution at room temperature. 14 In this paper, we reported a simple solvothermal method without the use of any surfactant for the preparation of ultralong SrCrO4 nanowires with lengths up to 50 μm and the aspect ratio of 1000. Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of the two SrCrO4 products using the simple precipitation and solvothermal reaction. For the case of the simple precipitation reaction, the SrCrO4 product was obtained from a reaction of Sr(NO3)2 and Na2CrO4 aqueous solutions at room temperature. For the case of the solvothermal reaction, the SrCrO4 product was obtained by heating the mixed ethanol solution of powder SrCrO4 precursor prepared from a simple precipitation at 160 °C for 24 h. All the peaks in Figure 1 corresponded to monoclinic SrCrO4 and were in good agreement with the reported data for this system (JCPDS 15-0368, a = 0.7081 nm, b = 0.7388 nm, c = 0.6771 nm, β = 103.4). Figure 1. XRD patterns of the SrCrO4 products prepared by (a) simple precipitation and (b) solvothermal reaction.


The oscillation of neutrinos from one variety to another has long been suspected, but was confirmed only about 15 years ago. In order for these oscillations to occur, neutrinos must have a mass, no matter how slight. Since neutrinos have long been thought to be massless, in a very real way, this phenomena is a clear signal of physics beyond the known. In this video, Fermilab's Dr Don Lincoln explains how we know it occurs and hints at the rich experimental program at several international laboratories designed to understand this complex mystery.


In this paper, we have investigate that the degradation mechanism of OLEDs using Alq3 and FIrpic as emitting materials. for the Alq3 device, ultra‐thin layers of MoO3 significantly enhance the device durability. The optimized MoO3 thickness was 0.75 nm, realizing the lowest voltage and the longest lifetime. We found that the device stabilities strongly depend on the process pressure during the device fabrication. In both fluorescent and phosphorescent emitting materials, the devices fabricated under UHV conditions demonstrated excellent long‐term stabilities.


With the advent of open education resources, social networking technologies and new pedagogies for online and blended learning, we are in the early stages of a significant disruption in current models of education. The disruption is fueled by a staggering growth in demand. Open Social Learning systems open a new venue for self-motivated learners to access high quality learning materials. In this paper, we describe our vision of open social learning and introduce a cyber-infrastructure that supports a large-scale open social learning community in order to facilitate self-guided learning.


Mr. Bill Rourke Chief Executive of the Institution of Engineers, Australia gave the 22nd Newnham Lecture on 11th February on Enginnering Our Common Future. He provided a brief historical perspective of the Australian and New Zealand economies and suggested a programme of future action. He also addressed the question on the goals necessary for future economic development and the method of attaining them, the role of engineers and professional associations in achieving economic goals.


We provide an analysis of corporate governance networks implied by members of board of directors of 319 companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) for the year 2007. Our configuration yields a bipartite network for which we provide small world statistics in addition to the usual measures commonly used in network analysis. We find that the networks have low density. However, within the giant component, the average path among agents is very low and the clustering coefficient is considerably high.


In this paper, a novel satellite image segmentation technique based on dynamic Harris hawks optimization with a mutation mechanism (DHHO/M) is proposed. Compared with the original Harris hawks optimization (HHO), the dynamic control parameter strategy and mutation operator used in DHHO/M can avoid falling into the local optimum and efficiently enhance the search capability. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a series of experiments are carried out on various satellite images. Eight advanced thresholding approaches are selected for comparison. Three criteria are adopted to determine the segmentation thresholds, namely Kapur's entropy, Tsallis entropy, and Otsu between-class variance. Furthermore, four oil pollution images are used to further assess the practicality and feasibility of the proposed method on real engineering problem. The experimental results illustrate that the DHHO/M based thresholding technique is superior to others in the following three aspects: fitness function evaluation, image segmentation effect, and statistical tests.


"Virtual Communities of Practice in the context of nursing - understood as interest-based associations of people who exchange nursing knowledge and nursing experiences using online platforms - also develop their significance in case of professional identity development. ""What does it mean to be a nursing professional?"" is a central question in the nursing education context, in which the foundation for the development of a professional identity is laid. While findings already exist regarding the development of nursing professional identity in the context of different learning places (nursing school and nursing practice), it's still open, how the participation in virtual Communities of Practice can influence the development of professional identity already in the context of nursing education. This research project explores the following questions: Which nursing related themes show up in the context of virtual Communities of Practice? How the process of nursing professional identity development is influenced by the participation of nursing scholars in virtual Communities of Practice? Which meaning the learners attribute to the participation in virtual Communities of Practice with regard to the formation of nursing professional identity? The goal of the study is to develop the virtual Community of Practice as a learning space that supports the process of identity formation already in nursing education. Furthermore, the findings will be used to shed light on the medial reality of nursing scholars and to derive curricular consequences. Within the framework of a netnographic research design, data collection will be conducted via field observations of community activities and will additionally be supplemented by focused individual interviews with community members. In the context of data analysis, the documentary method will be used in addition to the production of dense descriptions."


The experiment was conducted in local field conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan during the 2021 Kharif season on three different sites.  The core objective of this experiment is to manage Jassid on the cotton crop a major pest. Five different insecticides Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Dimethoate and clothianidin were evaluated at recommended doses. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replications. Data regarding the Jassid population before a spray of insecticides and after 24-, 48-, and 72-hour's of spray were recorded. The reduction in the Jassid population is evaluated by the Abbots formula. The results indicated that Nitenpyram was found most effective on Jassid with mean mortality of 63.47%, 65.07 and 61.86% followed by Dinotefuran with 59.22%, 59.33% and 51.45%. Other treatments thiamethoxam, Dimethoate and clothianidin were at par and did not reduce the Jassid population after 24 and 48 hours. However, thiamethoxam and clothianidin reduced the Jassid population below ETL after 72 hours of spray as compared to Dimethoate. Therefore, it is recommended that Nitenpyram and Dinotefuran should be used for Jassid control at the recommended dose.


Today's data science pipelines often rely on user-defined functions (UDFs) written in Python. But interpreted Python code is slow, and Python UDFs cannot be compiled to machine code easily. We present Tuplex, a new data analytics framework that just in-time compiles developers' natural Python UDFs into efficient, end-to-end optimized native code. Tuplex introduces a novel dual-mode execution model that compiles an optimized fast path for the common case, and falls back on slower exception code paths for data that fail to match the fast path's assumptions. Dual-mode execution is crucial to making end-to-end optimizing compilation tractable: by focusing on the common case, Tuplex keeps the code simple enough to apply aggressive optimizations. Thanks to dual-mode execution, Tuplex pipelines always complete even if exceptions occur, and Tuplex's post-facto exception handling simplifies debugging. We evaluate Tuplex with data science pipelines over real-world datasets. Compared to Spark and Dask, Tuplex improves end-to-end pipeline runtime by 5-91x and comes within 1.1-1.7x of a hand-optimized C++ baseline. Tuplex outperforms other Python compilers by 6x and competes with prior, more limited query compilers. Optimizations enabled by dual-mode processing improve runtime by up to 3x, and Tuplex performs well in a distributed setting on serverless functions.


The United Nations General Assembly (G.A.), at its 56th session 2001, was once again successful in forging a consensus on its biennial resolution on the return and restitution of cultural properties to the countries of origin—for only the second time since the item first appeared on the agenda in 1972. As in 1999, the resolution was introduced by Greece. After intensive negotiations the text found even more active support than last time, as the number of cosponsors rose again considerably, from thirty-seven in 1999 to sixty in 2001, among them for the first time ever the United States of America, and Portugal, as the only Member State of the European Union besides Greece. Resolution 56/97 was adopted by the General Assembly without a vote on December 13, 2001.


The physics of the electromagnetic field is considered. The analysis of electromagnetic radiation on the human-being, the origin of which is the vehicle the electric vehicle, the hybrid vehicle is being considered. The monitoring of electromagnetic radiation of vehicles is carried out.


An enantioselective domino Michael–Michael reaction of nitroolefins and 2-nitro-3-arylacrylates has been established, which provided a series of spirocyclopentane oxindoles with four consecutive stereocenters including quaternary α-nitro esters with good yields (up to 73%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The reaction was realized and optimized with the aid of a chiral squaramide-amine catalyst. The structures of 11 products were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.


Let A be an n × n subgaussian matrix (entries are i.i.d. subgaussian r.v's with variance 1). There are two reasons for the invertibility of A, depending on the nature of the unit vector on which A is acting – either compressible or incompressible. We recall that compressible vectors are those whose distance is at most some constant ρ from the set of (δn)-sparse vectors, and incompressible vectors are those that are not compressible. It is obvious that the unit sphere Sn−1 is the disjoint union of the compressible vectors (Comp) and the incompressible vectors (Incomp). We have the following lemmas for A Gaussian.


Switching nodes for coherent multicarrier networks, in which the signals arriving on input carriers are converted to arbitrary output carriers on arbitrary output waveguides, are discussed. The structure of switching nodes containing coherent multicarrier switching elements is described, and the individual components, such as channel branching filters and optical frequency converters, are examined. A two-channel switching experiment is described, followed by the characterization of frequency bundle transfer through a more general switching mode.<<ETX>>


It is noted that there has recently been a marked change in senior corporate management attitudes and priorities regarding impacts of company operations on the natural environment. This new emphasis requires fresh efforts to educate managers and employees about basic environmental issues and standards, and about the concepts and tools of corporate environmental management. Through the education of future corporate managers and in retraining existing ones, business schools-in partnership with industry-have a pivotal role to play. The Management Institute for Environment and Business (MEB) was created in 1990 to provide support to those schools and programs that were attempting to embrace environmental issues in the curriculum, and to engage companies to directly participate in the educational process. In 1992 MEB established partnerships with five universities that wanted to become leaders in environmental management education. The Pilot Program in Environmental Management Education has become a highly focused, unique experiment aimed at changing the way environmental management education is delivered. It is designed to generate and test innovative educational techniques that improve the environmental competence of business school graduates.<<ETX>>


The Reformed physician Johan Van Beverwijck addressed all kinds of scholars with the question whether human lifetime is fixed by God and in which respect medical agency is useful and can extend life. Simon Episcopius, the Remonstrant spokesman on the Synod of Dordt, and Gisbertus Voetius, its youngest deputee, were also involved. In this chapter their opinions are described and summarized. Episcopius is considered as representative for the Remonstrant opinion in general, since he was the main Remonstrant dogmatician. Voetius extensive discussion of the terminus of life is structured by the metaphysical division of first and second causes. Episcopius agrees with Abraham Heidanus that divine decision would introduce a hypothetical necessity, but whereas Heidanus interprets it as a necessity of the consequence, Episcopius claims it must be a necessity of the consequent. The hypothesis of an irresistible divine will implies a cause that brings about its effect necessarily.Keywords: Abraham Heidanus; divine will; Gisbertus Voetius; Johan Van Beverwijck; Remonstrant opinion; Simon Episcopius


The paper describes a completed and independent module of a large-scale system, the Quasi-Optimizer (QO). The QO system has three major objectives: (i) to observe and measure adversaries' behavior in a competitive environment, to infer their strategies and to construct a computer model, a descriptive theory, of each; (ii) to identify strategy components, evaluate their effectiveness and to select the most satisfactory ones from a set of computed descriptive theories; (iv) to combine these components in a quasi-optimum strategy that represents a normative theory in the statistical sense.The measurements on the input strategies can take place either in a sequence of confrontations unperturbed by the QO, or, for efficiency's sake, in a series of environments specified according to some experimental design. The module completed first, QO-I, can perform the experiments either in an exhaustive manner---when every level of a decision variable is combined with every level of the other decision variables---or, in relying on the assumption of a monotonically changing response surface, it uses the binary chopping technique.The module discussed here, QO-3, does not assume monotonic response surfaces and can deal also with multidimensional responses. It starts with a (loosely) balanced incomplete block design for the experiments and computes dynamically the specifications for each subsequent experiment. Accordingly, the levels of the decision variables in any single experiment and the length of the whole sequence of experiments depend on the responses obtained in previous experiments. In general, QO-3 is an on-line, dynamic generator of experimental design that minimizes the total number of experiments performed for a predetermined level of precision.


Straightforward implementation of a maximum likelihood decoder implies a complexity that grows algebraically with the inverse of error probability. Forney has suggested an approach, concatenation, for which error probability decreases exponentially with increasing complexity. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of a particular concatenation system, structurally similar to the hybrid system of Falconer, employing a Reed-Solomon outer code and an inner convolutional code. The inner decoder is a Viterbi decoder of constraint length less than the corresponding encoding constraint length (nonmaximum likelihood). The outer decoder assumes one of three possible forms, all employing the likelihood information developed by the inner decoder to assist in outer decoding. Error corrections and erasure fill-ins achieved by the outer decoder are fed back to the inner decoder. Performance is evaluated through computer simulation. The three outer decoders are found to provide approximately the same performance, all yielding low error probabilities at rates somewhat above R comp of sequential decoding and at signal energy to noise density ratios per information bit around 1.7 dB.


In higher vocational colleges, electrical technology courses are regarded as the technology foundation courses for all the specialties and its teaching model also changes from the traditional theory teaching to focusing on practical teaching, skills training and practical application. This paper introduces the course development mode of Electrotechnics based on working process, which breaks the traditional mode and construct a new classroom teaching goal system. It integrates the course according to the specialty and knowledge points. The paper also expounds the idea of constructing the practice room with the integration of theory and practice. With the teaching examples, the teaching process is discussed.


The present invention provides: a modified FcRn-binding domain having an enhanced affinity for the Fc Receptor neonatal (FcRn) at neutral pH; an antigen-binding molecule comprising said FcRn-binding domain, which has low immunogenicity, high stability and form only a few aggregates; a modified antigen-binding molecule having an increased FcRn-binding activity at neutral or acidic pH without an increased binding activity at neutral pH for a pre-existing anti-drug antibody; use of the antigen-binding molecules for improving antigen-binding molecule-mediated antigen uptake into cells; use of the antigen-binding molecules for reducing the plasma concentration of a specific antigen; use of the modified FcRn-binding domain for increasing the total number of antigens to which a single antigen-binding molecule can bind before its degradation; use of the modified FcRn-binding domain for improving pharmacokinetics of an antigen-binding molecule; methods for decreasing the binding activity for a pre-existing anti-drug antibody; and methods for producing said antigen-binding molecules.


The invention of Holography by Dennis Gabor goes back to the year 1948. Gabor could show that the complete original wavefront of the object both with its amplitude and phase can be reconstructed by adding a coherent background to a wave coming from an object while recording in a storage medium. However, because no adequate source of coherent light was available at this time, the small coherence length of the mercury lamp forced him to arrange everything along one axis. This setup, known as in-line holography, has the disadvantage that the desired reconstruction is in line with disturbing diffraction orders, and can be separated from these disturbances only by focusing. Gabor finally gave up his investigations and mentioned in 1955 to his collaborator Michael W. Haine, " It was a very ill wind which I let out now almost eight years ago which blew nobody any good, least of all to myself." The holographic principle, on which Gabor had set his high hopes, especially with respect to the enhancement of the resolution of the electronic microscope, seemed to retain only the status of a scientific curiosity. But the breakthrough would be achieved a couple of years later. In the early 1960s, Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks, two physicists at the University of Michigan, implemented their off-axis scheme as a smart combination of Gabor's holographic principle with the carrier frequency technique known from side-looking radar. Their famous publication came out 61 years ago in 1961. In this way the twin image problem could be effectively eliminated. However, it resulted in the requirement of increased temporal coherence which could be satisfied using a powerful coherent light source only. Such a source was soon available. In 1958, Charles Townes at the Columbia University, and a Russian research group led by Nicolay Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov at the Lebedev Institute for Physics, Moscow, simultaneously and independently analyzed the possibilities of applying the principle of the Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (MASER) for the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first operating optical MASER, now known as the laser, was constructed by Maiman and was demonstrated at the Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California, in 1960. The symbiosis of the holographic and laser principle opened the door for a large variety of new technologies and applications in optical imaging, information processing, and metrology. The 1960s were filled with a variety of successful practical applications and innovations such as display or volume holography, computer generated holography, holographic interferometry, holographic nondestructive testing, holographic pattern recognition, and holographic storage technology. Gabor took an active part in this development. 50 years ago, on the occasion of his Nobel lecture at the Imperial Colleges in 1971, he also tried to take a look into the future of holography. Gabor mentioned "However, there are important areas in which we can do much more, and where an improvement is badly needed. This is the area of microholograms for storing and for display. An even more ambitious scheme, probably even farther in the future, is three-dimensional cinematography, without viewing aids such as Polaroids". The basics for


Keora ( Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham.) poles which contain mostly sapwood (more that 61%) and are readily susceptible to wood destroying agents were used in the study. Keora poles were treated with 5.5% CCA-C type preservative by full cell method of wood preservation for the period of 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours with the treating pressure of 200 psi (1,379 kPa). The maximum penetration was 4.36 cm for 5 hours treating duration. Retention and penetration increased with the increase of treating duration. The total retentions of CCA preservative were 9.15 kg m -3 for 2 hours, 12.72 kg m -3 for 3 hours, 16.35 kg m -3 for 4 hours and 18.31 kg m -3 for 5 hours treating duration for sapwood dominated keora poles. Significant variation in penetration and retention was found in the statistical analysis for different treating durations. Key words: CCA-C preservative; Full-cell method; Penetration; Retention; Sonneratia apetala DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9585 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 425-428


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world's most important crop and a primary source of food for more than half of the world's population. More than 90% of the world's rice is grown and consumed in Asia where 60% of the earth's people live (Kole, 2006). Ever growing population in India is further demanding more rice production and productivity. Under field condition, the productivity of rice is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among the different biotic constraints, diseases caused by fungal pathogens such as sheath blight, sheath rot and stem rot cause significant damage in irrigated rice (Jackson et al., 1977; Bonman et al., 1991; Kindo and Tiwar, 2015).


paper presents a new implementation of a hybrid ciphering system of images in Fourier domain based on two chaotic maps. The first map is the Bakermap,which is used to scramble the image pixels in three modes of operation (CBC, CFB and OFB). The second map is the logistic map,whose secret key depends on the plain text. In the key generation step of the logistic map, the chaotic stream is generated with plain text and hence the relation between the key and the plain text is established. We use Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) before the encryption to achieve a large degree of randomization. We examine the proposed algorithm and compare the results with the RC6 algorithm. The performance and security analysis prove that this hybrid ciphering system is efficient, reliable, and can effectively resist different attacks.


There is something about certainty that makes Christianity un-Christian.... I have cultivated uncertainty, which I consider a form of reverence. --Marilynne Robinson, "Credo" Marilynne Robinson's novels offer seasoned contemporary explorations of the mysteries of scripture, by means of characters who embody nuanced variations on biblical roles. Such characters deepen our appreciation of the mystery of grace as they exhibit striking dimensions of loyalty as well as prodigality. Robinson's fiction uncovers the inner workings of mind and spirit with convincing displays of religious thinking and struggle, veiled hypocrisy, individual dignity, courtesy, sympathy, and grace. The essay "Family" from Robinson's The Death of Adam: Essays on Modern Thought (1998) equates love with loyalty, declaring loyalty to be not only "the antidote to fear, distrust, [and] self-interest" but also "[t]he balm for failure or weakness" (89). In the absence of loyalty, "all attempts to prop the family economically or morally or through education or otherwise will fail. The real issue is, will people shelter and nourish and humanize one another? This is creative work, requiring discipline and imagination" (89). Robinson's novelistic endeavors take up this challenge. Here we focus on her creation of modern versions of Ruth and the Prodigal Son, whose stories compel readers to contemplate the realities of loyalty, prodigality, and grace through a lens of reverent uncertainty. Robinson's now-classic Housekeeping (1980) eludes categorization, though a typical literary source claims that the novel "represents a feminist revision of patriarchal traditions ... that suggests that freedom can be found through nonconformity and transience" (Witalec). The first line, "My name is Ruth" (3), invites comparison to the Bible's Book of Ruth, about a non-Hebrew widow who, rather than returning to her own people after the death of her husband, chooses to remain with Naomi, her Hebrew mother-in-law. The story has key uncertainties: whether Ruth had a caring family to return to, a rationale for her loyalty to Naomi, whether she had any attraction to the propertied older man she marries at Naomi's behest, bearing a son to carry on her deceased husband's name. Robinson's narrative is far more detailed, exploring depths of female loyalty in response to loss by death as well as abandonment. Ruth Foster, who narrates Housekeeping, is unmarried with a multi-layered history of traumatic family deaths and separations, bonds broken and unbroken. She chooses to follow a wandering aunt who belongs to a nameless tribe of transients who stand for all descendants of Cain. The loneliness and isolation this novel depicts has a prodigality of its own. Ruth and her sister Lucille were orphaned when their mother, Helen, drove off a cliff into the deep waters of Lake Fingerbone in the American Northwest (1) that had earlier claimed their grandfather. They were raised by their widowed grandmother, Sylvia, until her death, then briefly by Sylvia's two elderly sisters-in-law, who advertised to locate the girls' married aunt, Sylvie Fisher. When Sylvie returns, husbandless, to take care of her nieces, she has spent years as a transient and seems drawn back from her vagabond life not by preference but by family loyalty. Keeping house does not come easily to Sylvie, but she assures Ruth and Lucille that she will not abandon them. Uncertainty reigns nevertheless. Sylvie occasionally disappears into the uninhabited woods across the lake, where she feels the spirits of lost children; she keeps time solely by train schedules and serves the girls haphazard dinners in the dark. Exasperated with Sylvie's erratic care, Lucille moves in with her home economics teacher, determined to fit in at school and make new friends. The bereft Ruth, who dislikes school and lacks a strong sense of self, stays with Sylvie and adopts her habits--evidently not out of enjoyment or a desire for freedom but out of fealty and compassion. …


In recently years, various localization methods using two or more sensors have been proposed. Though it is still difficult to cope with the situation that the sensor data are polluted. In this paper, we proposed a probabilistic localization of service robot using laser scanner and indoor GPS system for treating sensor polluted situations. This scheme is a sample based algorithm as an application of Monte Carlo localization. In prediction phase, a number of samples are scattered by referring to the odometry data and position data of indoor GPS system. And those are evaluated by map-matching method using laser sensor and distance-error-matching using indoor GPS system in update phase. We are able to get more robust localization results by using these processes, even though the floor condition is deteriorated and there are many or huge obstacles. And it is possible to cope with severe errors which are caused when the robot is blocked by unexpected obstacles for a long time. However, adding another sensor and manipulating its data makes the computational consumption become larger. For overcoming these shorts, we had improved sensor model. Experimental results demonstrate the evaluation of the robustness of our algorithm fusing range image sensor and indoor GPS system data


In particular, when designing a high-rise building, it is recommended that the entire collapse mechanism (i.e. strong column-weak beam mechanism) be planned and sufficient safety of the building be ensured by allowing earthquake damage to spread throughout the building and by ensuring that the energy generated by the earthquake is absorbed evenly by the entire building. However, it is a matter of serious concern that the damage on every floor causes extensive spreading of the area to be restored, greatly increases the repair cost, and lengthens the restoration period, making functional recovery difficult. Developing design methods that consider the safety and post-seismic functional maintenance of buildings is required to reduce damage to buildings and minimize damage to society from major earthquakes. The authors in this study define the severity of the damage as that which repair time is becoming relatively large. An "ideal repair time (IRT)", which is an index used to relatively evaluate the severity of the damage, is proposed from the viewpoint of functional maintenance necessary for such design. Many factors influence the repair time other than the damage state. These factors include the social and surrounding environments, number of engaged workers, work proficiency and so on. The repair time would still vary when these factors are different even if the damage state is the same. The IRT is a damage evaluation index that targets only the damage state (i.e., amount, extent, and concentration of the damage) by eliminating influences of factors other than the damage state. The IRT has the following features: 1. The analysis based on the IRT can clarify the influence of the damage state (i.e., amount, extent, and concentration of the damage) on the dysfunctional time of the building. The IRT allows structural designers to investigate the validity of planed collapse mechanism, assumed deformation levels, strength, and stiffness given to the building from the viewpoint of functional maintenance. 2. Various types of damage occur in the building, such as the damage to structural components, nonstructural components, and items of equipment. How to express the severity of these damages is different for each. The IRT uniformly evaluates the severity of the different types of damage, and enables a relative comparison of damage-resistant performance of buildings, where different types of damage have simultaneously occurred. The IRT allows us to make a seismic design to secure the damage-resistant performance from the viewpoint of the functional maintenance. 3. The IRT aims to relatively evaluate the dysfunctional time caused by the damage and allows ordinary people who do not have special knowledge of structural engineering to easily understand the relative difference of the severity of the damage and the level of the damage-resistant performance given to the building.


Lake Biwa in Japan has a stable cyclonic gyre during seasons of thermal stratification. A vertical circulation consisting of downwelling in the central area and upwelling near the rim of the gyre is calculated by the diagnostic model. The energetics in the model indicate that this vertical circulation corresponds to the decay process of the gyre. Tracking of drifters in summer supports the presence of a vertical circulation, though its magnitude is about 50% less than that estimated by the diagnostic model. This is explained from the ratio of kinetic energy and available potential energy of the gyre. The realistic value of the vertical eddy viscosity is estimated to be 0.8–2.1 cm2 s−1 in summer. Monthly variations of the horizontal and vertical circulations are calculated by the diagnostic model using the monthly mean density fields. The gyre and the vertical circulation are maximal in September. The characteristic decay time scale of the gyre is estimated to be about 10 days. The effect of topographic differential heating is considered to be one of the maintenance mechanisms of the gyre in early summer, and the wind stress curl to be the important maintenance force for the gyre from late summer to late fall.


In 1931--1932, Erwin Schr\"odinger studied a hot gas Gedankenexperiment (an instance of large deviations of the empirical distribution). Schr\"odinger's problem represents an early example of a fundamental inference method, the so-called maximum entropy method, having roots in Boltzmann's work and being developed in subsequent years by Jaynes, Burg, Dempster, and Csisz\'ar. The problem, known as the Schr\" odinger bridge problem (SBP) with ``uniform"" prior, was more recently recognized as a regularization of the Monge-Kantorovich optimal mass transport (OMT) problem, leading to effective computational schemes for the latter. Specifically, OMT with quadratic cost may be viewed as a zerotemperature limit of the problem posed by Schr\"odinger in the early 1930s. The latter amounts to minimization of Helmholtz's free energy over probability distributions that are constrained to possess two given marginals. The problem features a delicate compromise, mediated by a temperature parameter, between minimizing the internal energy and maximizing the entropy. These concepts are central to a rapidly expanding area of modern science dealing with the so-called Sinkhorn algorithm, which appears as a special case of an algorithm first studied in the more challenging continuous space setting by the French analyst Robert Fortet in 1938--1940 specifically for Schr\"odinger bridges. Due to the constraint on end-point distributions, dynamic programming is not a suitable tool to attack these problems. Instead, Fortet's iterative algorithm and its discrete counterpart, the Sinkhorn iteration, permit computation of the optimal solution by iteratively solving the so-called Schr\" odinger system. Convergence of the iteration is guaranteed by contraction along the steps in suitable metrics, such as Hilbert's projective metric. In both the continuous as well as the discrete time and space settings, stochastic control provides a reformulation of and a context for the dynamic versions of general Schr\" odinger bridge problems and of their zero-temperature limit, the OMT problem. These problems, in turn, naturally lead to steering problems for flows of one-time marginals which represent a new paradigm for controlling uncertainty. The zero-temperature problem in the continuous-time and space setting turns out to be the celebrated Benamou--Brenier characterization of theMcCann displacement interpolation flow in OMT. The formalism and techniques behind these control problems on flows of probability distributions have attracted significant attention in recent years as they lead to a variety of new applications in spacecraft guidance, control of robot or biological swarms, sensing, active cooling, and network routing as well as in computer and data science. This multifaceted and versatile framework, intertwining SBP and OMT, provides the substrate for the historical and technical overview \ast Received by the editors May 22, 2020; accepted for publication (in revised form) October 29, 2020; published electronically May 6, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1137/20M1339982 Funding: This work was partially supported by the NSF under grants 1807664, 1839441, 1901599, and 1942523, by the AFOSR under grant FA9550-17-1-0435, and by University of Padova Research Project CPDA 140897. \dagger School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA (email@example.com). \ddagger Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA (firstname.lastname@example.com). \S Dipartimento di Matematica ``Tullio Levi-Civita,"" Universit\` a di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy (firstname.lastname@example.com). 249 D ow nl oa de d 11 /0 9/ 21 to 1 47 .1 62 .2 13 .1 11 R ed is tr ib ut io n su bj ec t t o SI A M li ce ns e or c op yr ig ht ; s ee h ttp s: //e pu bs .s ia m .o rg /p ag e/ te rm s


In current scenario, involvement of individuals from corporate in various crimes has led to increased realization about the value for background verification of all the employees at all levels in the recruitment process. The organisation's reputation is at stake in case if they hire someone with questionable background. Brand equity & brand value can be adversely affected. Thus, even less number of checks or lack of background verification on current or potential employees is something that hampers any organisation either through reduced business, adverse impact on its public perception and inability to retain better employees.


A method and system for checking the quality of hand washing. The hand washing verification method comprises the following steps: the inclination of a soap container (2) is detected by means of a first inertial sensor (204) and the duration of the tilt; data (d1) dependent on said tilting and said duration is transmitted wirelessly; a bracelet (1) displays an indication (10-12) said data dependent and representative of hand hygiene. The invention may for example be put into practice in the care of a hospital, to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.


In the first half of this century in many of today's developed countries, the proportion of voting age populations 65 years old or older will roughly double. As voting age populations age, the proportion of net contributors to national budgets (mainly through taxes) will fall and the proportion of net beneficiaries (mainly through public pension and health care benefits) will rise. By mid-century in many wealthy countries, a near majority of electorates will become net beneficiaries of government expenditures, producing unprecedented changes in their political landscapes. We analyze three aspects of this phenomenon in Germany, Japan, and the United States. Copyright 2007 The Population Council, Inc..


In order to study indoor temperature distribution in a large space and thermal comfort of human, an environmental test and questionnaires were carried out at an airport in Xi'an in summer. The results show that the temperature distribution in the space is asymmetric. The room temperature increases from cooling floor to 0.1m high, but then it has little change within 1.5m high. However, the temperature fluctuation in horizontal is significantly influenced by internal equipment, lighting, elevator and etc. According to the environmental parameters and subjective voting, 55% of the PMV values are greater than 0.5, and more than half of the thermal feelings near the heat source and glazing curtain wall are "warmer". Properly increasing the wind speed of air vent could effectively improve the environmental comfort.


Mangrove soils are considered as sinks for trace metals, protecting coastal waters from pollutions. However, the cycling of trace metals in mangroves is complex due to various biogeochemical processes across the intertidal zone, notably the dissolution of bearing phases resulting in high trace metal concentrations in porewaters. Previous studies demonstrated a decrease of trace metal stocks in mangrove soils seaward, possibly due to the export of dissolved metals through tidal pumping. Can Gio mangrove is the largest one in Vietnam, developing downstream Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam's biggest industrial city). The objectives of the present study were to characterize the dynamics of trace metals in a tidal creek of the Can Gio mangrove that does not receive any upstream inputs and to identify the role of porewater seepage on their dynamics. To reach our goals, surface water and suspended particulate matters were collected every 2 h during two different tidal cycles (spring and neap tides) and at the two different seasons, dry and wet. Mangroves porewaters were also collected. In addition to particulate and dissolved trace metals, physico-chemical parameters and a groundwater tracer (Radon – 222Rn) were measured. The results showed that trace metal concentrations at flood tides, both in the dissolved and the particulate phases, were in the same range that those measured in the Can Gio Estuary. Then during ebb tides, we evidenced high inputs of dissolved Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni from mangrove soils. However, the dynamics of these inputs differed depending on the element considered. Mn was exported from the tidal creek in its dissolved form. However concerning Fe, and to a lesser extent Co and Ni, we suggest that, when delivered to the creek from the soils under dissolved forms, these trace metals precipitated because of different physicochemical characteristics between mangrove soils and tidal creek, notably higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher pH. Consequently, these elements were exported to the estuary in particulate forms. We suggest that budget studies of trace metals in mangroves should be developed like the ones concerning carbon to efficiently determine their role as a barrier for pollutants between land and sea.


The design principles of high-voltage electro-technical systems for electro-discharge processing of gaseous hydrocarbons on the basis of high-frequency bipolar currents formation both with frequency-parametric regulation of the power source's current provided for ensuring its optimal value, and parametric regulation of the electro-discharge load voltage and restoration of its electrical resistance by changing the length of the inter-electrode gap. An experimental sample of the system constructed in accordance with the proposed principles was developed and tested. The built electro-technical system allows to stabilize the RMS value of the discharge current and to provide the given efficiency criteria. The dependences of specific energy losses and the coefficient of discharge current stabilization on the length of the inter-electrode gap are analyzed. The optimum value of the discharge current is determined.


Laboratory measurements of the velocity of elastic waves in Amherst sandstone show that the bar velocity is dependent on the moisture content, the velocity decreasing as the moisture content is increases. Bar velocities ranging from 7,640 to 4,415 feet per second were observed. It is shown that the change in velocity is caused primarily by a change in the value of Young's modulus of the material. The suggestion is made that this phenomenon may have some bearing on the question of Gulf Coast reflection surveys.


According to the production and management features of the oil and gas mining regions,the paper explains the path of supply chain value addition of the regions and builds the analytic model on the basis of an analysis of the cost drivers,which connects closely the value created and the cost incurred to provide the condition for supply chain value appreciation and process optimization.


The hazardous liquid and natural gas pipeline industries have been required to develop and implement Operator Qualification programs since 1999. Due to various circumstances, the Pipeline Safety Act of �02 has mandated that the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), the pipeline industry regulator, develop more definitive standards for these programs. This report is being issued to help guide the industry and the regulator on what similar industries require for operator qualification. Four industries were chosen for the comparison, 2 transportation industries, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) as it regulates the Maritime industry and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) as it regulates the qualification of railroad engineers. The USCG and the FRA are sister organizations to OPS in the U.S. DOT. The other 2 industries are �energy� related industries, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as it regulates the petrochemical industry and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) as it regulates the Nuclear Power Industry. Since pipelines are a transportation mode and they transport energy related materials, these industries were chosen for comparison from an OQ perspective.


Abstract The formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled climate models developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are described. The models were designed to simulate atmospheric and oceanic climate and variability from the diurnal time scale through multicentury climate change, given our computational constraints. In particular, an important goal was to use the same model for both experimental seasonal to interannual forecasting and the study of multicentury global climate change, and this goal has been achieved. Two versions of the coupled model are described, called CM2.0 and CM2.1. The versions differ primarily in the dynamical core used in the atmospheric component, along with the cloud tuning and some details of the land and ocean components. For both coupled models, the resolution of the land and atmospheric components is 2° latitude × 2.5° longitude; the atmospheric model has 24 vertical levels. The ocean resolution is 1° in latitude and longitude, wi...


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic effect of TCM therapeutic scheme vs. western medicine therapeutic scheme for chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS:208 CHF patients were randomly divided into Carvedilol group and Wenxin granules group according to therapeutic scheme. Both groups were given conventional therapy including digoxin, spironolactone and fosinopril sodium. They were additionally treated with Carvedilol or Wenxin granules respectively for 26 weeks. Therapeutic efficacies of two groups were observed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of them. RESULTS:The effective rates were 91.5% for Carvedilol group and 53.3% for Wenxin granules group (P0.05). The costs of two groups were 4 294.64 yuan and 4 129.02 yuan.The cost-effectiveness ratios were 4 693.60 and 7 746.75, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Carvedilol group was 433.56 yuan, compared with Wenxin granules group. CONCLUSION:Compared with Wenxin granules combined with conventional therapy, Carvedilol combined with conventional therapy has pharmacoeconomical advantages in the treatment of CHF.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the frequency of symptoms meeting Rome IV functional bowel disorder (FBD) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), investigate factors associated with FBD symptoms, and assess whether having FBD symptoms might influence AS disease activity.

METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 153 AS patients without known colonic ulcer and 56 sex- and age-matched controls to evaluate FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms. Disease characteristics were also evaluated in AS group.

RESULTS
Sixty (39.2%) of 153 AS patients had FBD symptoms, which was more prevalent than controls (23.2%). Besides, symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic diarrhea were detected in 18 and 43 AS patients respectively. For AS group, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that symptoms of FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhea were negatively associated with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and positively associated with comorbid fibromyalgia, respectively. In exploration about effects of FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms on AS disease activity by multivariable linear regression analyses, FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhea had universal positive associations with assessments of AS disease characteristics respectively.

CONCLUSION
Patients with AS had frequent symptoms compatible with FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhea, proportions of which were lower in those with NSAID-use. The improvement of FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhea might be conducive to disease status of AS patients.


Diamond tools's application and development such as PCD bits,elastic grinding wheels,bead wire saws,laser welded blades,wall drilling bits and CVD cutting tools is discussed combining with the information from INTERTECH 2002.It is pointed out that China diamond industry should introduce the advanced experiences from foreign diamond tool industry and develop new materials,technologies and equipments to meet the requirement of world market.


Alumina(Al₂O₃) particles reinforcing effects of cross-linked epoxy resin composites was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. For considering cross-linked effects in the simulations the epoxy monomer unit of the matrix was made of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol F(EPON862 ® ) cured by Triethylenetetramine(TETA ® ). To investigate the size effects of particles in composites, the unite cells with various sizes(l~20㎚ diameter) alumina particles were considered. For particle size larger than 20nm micromechanical method using the effective interface model was applied. When the size of alumina particle decreased, the reinforce effects was more significant.


This paper is devoted to the investigation of a developed sync system which is based on optimal receiver by average risk minimum criterion when detecting the reflected radar impulse under conditions of Gaussian and Johnson noises. M-sequence with single pulse phase-shift keying has been chosen as a reference signal. A transceiver has been implemented during the digital experiment. The use of developed self-tuning system allows applying the optimal methods of reflected radar signal detection when it is noncoherently received under conditions of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises. It has been proved that the developed sync system has the signal detection quality advantage over the system based on matched filter.


At the UK's National Physical Laboratory, the Internet has been utilised to provide highly efficient and cost-effective calibration services for automatic network analysers (ANA). Remote calibration of ANAs from two of the leading instrument manufacturers has been achieved with direct access to primary national measurement standards and procedures, via the Internet for microwave frequencies in the range 45 MHz-110 GHz.


We present a spiral scan cone beam reconstruction algorithm in which image reconstruction proceeds via backprojection in the object space. In principle the algorithm can reconstruct sectional ROI in a long object. The approach is a generalization of the cone beam backprojection technique developed by Kudo and Saito in two aspects: the resource- demanding normalization step in the Kudo and Saito's algorithm is eliminated through the technique of data combination which we published earlier, and the elimination of the restriction that the detector be big enough to capture the entire image of the ROI. Restricting the projection data to the appropriate angular range required by data combination can be accomplished by a masking process. The mask consists of a top curve and a bottom curve formed by projecting the spiral turn above and the turn below from the current source position. Because of the simplification resulting from the elimination of the normalization step, the most time-consuming operations of the algorithm can be approximated by the efficient step of line-by-line ramp filtering the cone beam image in the direction of the scan path, plus a correction term. The correction term is needed because data combination is not properly matched at the mask boundary when ramp filtering is involved. This correction term to the mask boundary effect can be computed exactly. The results of testing the algorithm on simulated phantoms are presented.


Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is a system in which attribute are used for user's identity and data owner determine the access policy to the data to be encrypt. Here access policy are attached with the ciphertext. In the form of a monotone Boolean formula monotone access structure, an access policy can be interpreted and a linear secret-sharing scheme (LSSS) can be implemented. In recent CP-ABE schemes, LSSS is a matrix whose row represent attributes and there exist a general algorithm which is proposed by Lewko and Waters it transforms a Boolean formula into corresponding LSSS matrix. But we may want to transform the monotone Boolean formula to an analogous but compressed formula first before applying the algorithm. This is a very complex procedure and require efficient optimization algorithm for obtaining equivalent but smaller size Boolean formula. So in this paper we are introducing an extended LSSS called multi-linear secret-sharing scheme where we can eliminate above optimization algorithm and directly convert any Boolean formula to multi-linear secret-sharing scheme.


Classic for our modern people,still is a maze of the wisdom and the thought,and not out of date"gibberish".Classic not because it is ancient and lose its significance,precisely because the old"Logos"contains the human highest eternal wisdom,so is worth us to read.Classic reading can let us open the soul vision,witness the human nobility,so as to keep open higher things.


&NA; Pythiosis is caused by Pythium insidiosum, a fungus‐like microbe belonging to the kingdom Stramenopila. Its diagnosis is challenging due to clinical and histopathological similarities with the fungal microbes that cause mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis. In addition, the proper identification of P. insidiosum in the clinical laboratory is difficult. We have developed a rapid and accurate, species‐specific identification method using a thermophilic helicase DNA amplification (tHDA) technique, to differentiate this pathogen from closely related pathogenic fungi. Sixty‐seven fungal isolates, including 39 of P. insidiosum, were evaluated. A 91 base‐pair (bp) DNA fragment was consistently amplified using a COX2 primer. The limiting concentrations of the one‐ and two‐step tHDA protocols were 100 picograms (1.74 × 102 copies) and 100 femtograms (1.74 × 10‐1 copies), respectively. The CviKI‐1 enzyme in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with the 91 bp amplicons accurately separated P. insidiosum from other fungal species. The data suggest that this tHDA‐RFLP assay is a rapid and accurate test for the identification of P. insidiosum. The potential use of the assay directly in clinical samples is also discussed.


Presentation of the project Cord (Computers, Rehabilitation, Education Implemented All Together) focuses on using information and communication technologies in primary school. The project involved both elementary schools nursery school and even a hospital.


OBJECTIVE: This thesis had two purposes. The main one was to examine how mixed conditions affect a Command & Control (C2) system, particularly in terms of shared understanding, situation awaren ...


Objective: Given the importance of the association between diabetes and periodontal disease, the main objective of the present study was to compare the microbial diversity responsible for gingivitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Methods: Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 134 patients with gingivitis and categorised into 3 groups (68 non-diabetic patients and 66 diabetic patients; 33 with controlled diabetes and 33 with poorly controlled diabetes). Sample culture was carried out on selective culture media. The identification of isolated strains involved a series of biochemical tests including miniature galleries (API 20E and 20 Strep), the traditional biochemical gallery (tubes) and automated bacterial identification (BD Phoenix™).Results: Identification by biochemical methods made it possible to differentiate 14 bacterial species and one yeast. There was greater bacterial diversity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. Periodontal pathogens were isolated from both diabetic and non-diabetic populations; however, certain microbes such as Streptococcus acidominimus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present only in diabetics, with a much higher percentage in those with poorly controlled diabetes.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes causes metabolic dysregulation that can increase the severity of periodontal disease.


This study explores the application of deep learning to forecasting the state of Illinois sale tax receipts in ten categories: general merchandise, food, drinking and eating, apparel, furniture, building and hardware, automotive and filling stations, drugs and retail, agriculture and all others, and manufacturers. The state of Illinois has used traditional techniques of economic and tax receipt forecasting in order to project the amount of resources that it will have in order to finance its activities and debts. Such techniques are mostly linear and lack the ability to model more complex non-linear or long term dependencies. Recently, deep learning models have shown promising results in time series forecasting. In this study, we use two types of neural networks (a simple Multi-Layer Perceptron and a Long Short Term Memory network to forecast the state of Illinois sale tax receipts and compare the performance of both models against the more traditional autoregressive integrated moving Average model. Unfortunately, only limited tax receipt data is publicly made available by the state of Illinois which makes it particularly challenging to train a robust neural network model without overfitting. To address this data limitation, we propose to use a global model with an embedding layer for all ten tax categories. The empirical results show that the global Multi-Layer Perceptron model has the best performance in one step forecasting of Illinois sale tax receipts followed by the global Long Short Term memory model. On average, both neural network models outperformed the traditional Integraded Moving Average model.


THE CALIFORNIA Journal of Politics & Policy Implementing Health Reform in California Comgresswoman Doris O. Matsui (D-CA, United States House of Representatives) Nearly 18 months ago, Congress passed and President Barack Obama signed into law the most important piece of health care legislation this country has seen since the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. The Affordable Care Act is a wide- ranging law that seeks to improve our nation's health care system at every level— from the doctor's office to insurance company policies—and from small business tax credits to medical school incentives for future doctors. The law aims to expand access to health care, improve what works in our health delivery system, and refine the elements that are less effective and efficient. Among the key features of the law are reforms to improve and enhance our medical workforce; provide incentives to medical professionals and patients alike to seek more preventive care to stay healthy; establish a marketplace in which con- sumers will not fear being denied insurance coverage; and provide the tools to fos- ter and implement new and more efficient health delivery systems. The law seeks to improve the health of our country both physically and fis- cally. The challenges health reform faced at the national level and the challenges it faces in implementation at the state level are deeply intertwined. Accordingly, I am pleased that the intersection of the national health care law and the health needs of Californians are being thoroughly examined in the California Journal of Politics and Policy's special issue on health reform. All one needs to do is turn on the television, pick up a newspaper, or look on the Internet to see that health care reform is a very hot topic across our country. And as every reader is aware, there has been a change of majorities in the House of Repre- sentatives after the 2010 election—and with it—a change in priorities. This past January, at the outset of the 112th Congress, the new House Majority passed a repeal of the Affordable Care Act. I and the rest of my colleagues in the California Democratic delegation voted against the repeal efforts. The Senate also held a vote to repeal the health care law, but this effort was firmly rejected. With Republican presidential candidates united in opposition, Congress is not the only body deliberating the Affordable Care Act. Federal judges continue to hear arguments and issue rulings on this topic. Despite the political and judicial threats to repeal the Affordable Care Act, the health care bill extensively debated and pas- sed by the 111th Congress is now law. I believe that the energy and debates should now focus on the best way to implement the law for the benefit of the American


We report the results of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) measurements of the gaseous products of thin-film pentaerythritol tetranitrate [PETN, C(CH2NO3)4] samples reacting in vacuo. The PETN sample spots are produced by masked physical vapor deposition [A.S. Tappan, et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1426, 677 (2012)] onto a first-surface aluminum mirror. A pulsed laser beam imaged through the soda lime glass mirror substrate converts the aluminum layer into a high-temperature high-pressure plasma which initiates chemical reactions in the overlying PETN sample. We had previously proposed [E.C. Fossum, et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1426, 235 (2012)] to exploit differences in gaseous product chemical identities and molecular velocities to provide a chemically-based diagnostic for distinguishing between "detonation-like" and deflagration responses. Briefly: we expect in-vacuum detonations to produce hyperthermal (v∼10 km/s) thermodynamically-stable products such as N2, CO2, and H2O, and for deflagrations to produce ...


ZrO2 nanocrystallite-based charge trap flash memory capacitors incorporating a(ZrO2)0.6(SiO2)0.4 pseudobinary high-k oxide film as the charge trapping layer were prepared and investigated.The precipitation reaction in the charge trapping layer,forming ZrO2 nanocrystallites during rapid thermal annealing,was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.It was observed that a ZrO2 nanocrystallite-based memory capacitor after post-annealing at 850℃ for 60s exhibits a maximum memory window of about 6.8V,good endurance and a low charge loss of ~25% over a period of 10 years(determined by extrapolating the charge loss curve measured experimentally),even at 85℃.Such 850℃-annealed memory capacitors appear to be candidates for future nonvolatile flash memory device applications.


Analysis is executed of the experience in the use of devices of the speed control of cuts on the sorting humps used on the railways


This experiment uses the sol-gel method to make Al3+ mixed with the nanometer TiO2 photocatalyst. Through using the subunit blue as the pollutant, this paper studies the effect of the Al3+ doping on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 under the high pressure mercury lamp of the 160 watts and the surface features of Al3+-TiO2 is measured by XRD. The results indicate that the doping of Al3+ can enhance its photocatalytic activity and the optimized preparation conditions of the Al3+-TiO2 are as follows: the Al3+ doping can improve the photocatalytic performance; the best preparing condition of Al3+-TiO2 is to use the aluminum nitrate as the precursor for the doping; r(Al:Ti) is equal to 0.01; the best photocatalytic activity is under 500 degrees celsius of the calcination temperature.


The paper described the adaptability of Prochilodus scrofa, which was kind of freshwater fish, to salinity. The fingerling of Prochilodus scrofa was treaded as experimental material. The results showed that they could survive in water with salinity less than 8‰. There was negative relationship between adaptability and salinity. Our trails upon fingerling of Prochilodus scrofa provided some reference evidences for domestically culturing.


Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the presence of P. hippeastri in regulatory samples collected in commercial bromeliad operations from genera Guzmania, Neoregelia and Vriesea in central and south Florida, USA. These P. hippeastri from bromeliads contained males which were not detected in the type population from amaryllis. The rDNA sequences of these males matched those of P. hippeastri female type material. Pratylenchus hippeastri and related root-lesion nematodes from several hosts in Florida were characterized at the morphological and molecular level, whereas other samples from Russia and South Africa at the molecular level only. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis using the ITS rRNA gene of these root-lesion nematodes revealed the presence of eight putative new species (spH1-H8) closely related to P. hippeastri. However, detailed morphological and molecular analyses are still required to confirm their unique species status. Here we describe two Florida representatives of the amphimictic root-lesion nematodes from Bahia grass (N1) and maidencane (N2), previously characterized by Inserra et al. (1996) and Duncan et al. (1999), as two new species phylogentically related to P. hippeastri and named Pratylenchus floridensis n. sp. and P. parafloridensis n. sp., respectively. The small round or oval, rarely rectangular and occasionally oblong and enlarged spermatheca and the bluntly pointed or subacute tail with smooth and occasionally indented terminus separate P. floridensis n. sp. from P. parafloridensis n. sp., which has a quadrangular spermatheca and a sub hemispherical or bluntly pointed tail with generally smooth and rarely indented terminus. However, these characters may overlap in some specimens making the morphological separation problematic without the use of molecular analysis. The close phylogenetic relationships shared by the species characterized in this study indicate that they are representatives of a P. hippeastri species complex.