Lithium metal anode, due to its highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh∙g) and lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs SHE), has become the first choice of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices. It is known as the "holy grail" of the battery industry. However, the disadvantage of lithium metal battery is particularly obvious: during the charge and discharge process, lithium metal battery is easy to deposit unevenly on the anode electrode, resulting in lithium dendrite which causes the continuous rupture and formation of SEI film. The unstable SEI film, intensifying the formation of lithium dendrites and then piercing the separator, causes a decline for the battery cycle performance and the safety hazard. Therefore, it is particularly important to take corresponding measures to make lithium metal uniformly deposited on the anode. In this study, the uniform lithiophilic copper oxide nanosheet array formed on the surface of commercial copper mesh through oxidation of alkaline solvent and calcination of air. The 3D structure of copper mesh can effectively reduce the current density, and the lithiophilic nanosheet array can effectively reduce the overpotential of lithium deposition simultaneously. This lithiophilic 3D copper-based 第*期 李锐, 等: 构建亲锂铜基 3D 集流体实现金属锂的均匀沉积 2 current collector makes lithium deposited uniformly and effectively, and inhibits the formation of lithium dendrites. In the half-cell test at a current density of 3 mA∙cm the battery circulated stably for 230 cycles with Coulombic efficiency remaining above 99%. The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) full battery with the as-prepared material as current collector worked stably for more than 300 cycles at 1C and present a capacity retention of ~95%. This study provides a new design strategy of 3D current collector for stable lithium metal batteries.


With the strengthening of ecological and environmental awareness, under the influence of sustainable development concept, the planning and design of new modern urban eco-sightseeing agricultural garden, which integrates agriculture, sightseeing and relaxation, has been started to promote the development of agriculture. Based on the planning and design of modern urban eco-sightseeing agricultural garden in our nation, this paper analyzes the background and developing stages of domestic sightseeing agricultural garden, as well as different categories, taking Xinghua Modern Sightseeing Agricultural Garden and Wufeng Agricultural Scientific and Technological Demonstration Garden as example, to analyze how to maximize the adjustment measures to local conditions; this paper also uses local agricultural resources to make planning and design of distinctive and individualized eco-sightseeing agricultural landscape garden so as satisfy urban people's desire and needs to get back to the nature.


Disclosed is a cosmetic composition comprising: a solid silicone elastomer powder; a water soluble polymer; a water soluble humectant; a nonvolatile silicone compound; and aqueous carrier; wherein the composition has an aqueous continuous phase in a non-emulsified form.


It has been known from the 19th century that the pancreas is innervated. In his doctoral thesis Langerhans (1869) noted that the 'Zellhaufen' or clusters of cells, which he observed and which were later called the Islets of Langerhans had certain connections with the nervous system. There was of course, at this stage, no evidence for the function of these islets. Earlier Bernard (1849) had made an important physiological observation that lesions made at the base of the fourth ventricle in dogs resulted in glycosuria. Thus both anatomical and physiological clues about the innervation of the pancreas have been recognized for more than a century. Advances in understanding the importance of the innervation of the pancreas has, however, been slow, due to the fact that, after the isolation of insulin, it became evident that insulin release was regulated largely by blood glucose levels and there seemed no compelling reason to investigate neural control. It remains true that in the whole animal, in the perfused pancreas (Samols & Weir, 1979), or even in isolated islets (Ashcroft, 1980), that glucose and many other substrates can be a sufficient stimulus for insulin release. Neural inputs to the pancreas are therefore modulating rather than initiating influences but their importance should not be underestimated.


The effect of long-term sucrose intake on lipid metabolism and milk composition was examined in lactating mice and correlated with the development of their pups. Female mice were weaned onto semi-purified diets containing 685 g starch or sucrose/kg diet. Food intake was similar on the two diets. At mid-lactation, milk was collected and analysed. Milk from sucrose-fed dams had a lower percentage of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and a higher percentage of oleic acid (18:ln-9), although milk fat content was similar. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis (as measured by 3H2O incorporation into fatty acid) was three times faster in sucrose-fed than in starch-fed dams. Dietary carbohydrate had no effect on fatty acid synthesis or functional lipoprotein lipase (EC 18.104.22.168) activity in mammary gland, nor on plasma triacylglycerol concentration. Pups from first litters were killed at 11–12 d and body composition analysed. Pups born to sucrose-fed dams were significantly heavier with increased body fat and higher levels of plasma glucose and triacylglycerol. Litters of sucrose- and starch-fed dams were cross-fostered at birth and killed at 10–12 d. Analysis of variance indicated that maternal sucrose intake, both during pregnancy and lactation, increased body fat of offspring. The increases in body weight and plasma triacylglycerol of pre-weaning offspring were caused primarily by maternal sucrose intake during lactation.


For the purposes of psychophysiological experiments that require an operant response, a push-button switch that utilized the skin resistance of the thumb was constructed. The skin contact push-buton (SC-PB) produced a more negative pre-response slow potential shift recorded at the vertex than the standard push-button (S-PB), using 6 subjects in a repeated measures design.


Software process models are used to systematically develop the software so as to deliver the maintenance-free software product. There are many process models like waterfall model, spiral model, V-model etc. in the literature. The requirement analysis stage is common for all the models. For any software engineering project to be effective, it is necessary to successfully translate the business requirements into system specification which is the main objective of requirement analysis phase. Therefore it is mandatory to align the business requirement and system specification. To do so, it is essential to know the behavioral profile of business requirement at the requirement analysis stage of software process models. The behavioral profile aims at capturing the behavioral aspects of a process in a fine-grained manner which provides an accurate insight in to behavior of a process. Based on the behavior profile of business requirement, the system specification is aligned with business requirement. But it is very difficult to put together the different perspectives of the business analyst and system analyst and also relate the properties of all the requirements together. Hence achieving high degree of consistency between the business requirement and system specification is very difficult because of the misalignment between them. Hence, in this paper, we estimate the degree of consistency between the business requirement and system specification. It is observed that the methodology used for estimating the degree of consistency provides better performance improvement in requirement analysis phase of any process model


Introduction: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare condition that causes fibroinflammatory lesions in almost any organ. It is characterized histologically by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with fibrosis and IgG4-positive plasma cells. Urinary


Reprecipitation method is a convenient technique to fabricate organic microcrystals. The crystal size is usually several tens of nanometer to less than a micrometer. The process of microcrystal formation by this method has been investigated and the mechanism for the microcrystal formation has been established. As a result, a guide line for crystal size control has been proposed, and poly (DCHD) microcrystal as small as 15 nm was prepared successfully. The excitonic absorption peak of microcrystals was blue-shifted with decreasing crystal size. The emission spectrum also changed with crystal size. It was suggested that the abovementioned blue-shift is due to strong coupling between exciton and phonon. Finally, some results with regard to nonlinear optical properties for microcrystals were summarized.


Handling and processing of materials in particulate or granular form is an important technology. It is widely recognized to be an efficient route for the manufacture of a diverse range of products that can feature advanced functionality. It is also recognized to be environmentally friendly in terms or resource utilization and energy requirements. The importance of this processing method is evidenced by the claim that granular media is ranked 'second, behind water, on the scale of priorities of human activities and endeavours' (Duran, J. Sands, Powders and Grains, 2000 (Springer-Verlag, New York). Powders are commercially important in applications as diverse as engineering, pharmaceuticals, food, mining, agriculture, and energy production. On its own, global powder metallurgy production covering all sectors is estimated to exceed $27 billion a year (International Powder Metallurgy Directory 2009, http://www.ipmd.net accessed 12/07/2010). The processing steps are well defined. The particulate that may be granulated for handling purposes forms the starting point and this can be blended with other particulates driven by end application and sometimes processing requirements. For example pharmaceutical products can be a complex blend of active ingredient and bulking agent. Engineering components will include binding and lubricating agents that will be burned off in a later processing step. Given a powder blend, the first processing step is to transfer it from a storage vessel to a die filling system, often referred to as a shoe. Powder flows from this shoe into a die cavity that is then closed prior to volume reduction (i.e. compaction) through either isostatic or uniaxial mechanisms. The next stage is ejection of the part from the die cavity (during which some elastic recovery takes place), to give a free standing component. For some products, this can be the final stage. Others, such as engineering components, may be subjected to further steps, such as sintering and finishing. These follow-on stages are not considered within this special issue, but contain challenges in their own right. The profitability of a manufacturing business is influenced significantly through manufacturing processes that are reliable and efficient, particularly where manufacturing throughput is large. For products that demonstrate complexity, through either material blends or shape, reliable efficient manufacturing relies on understanding process steps at a detailed fundamental level. This special issue has been compiled to highlight the need for detailed information on processing steps and how this may be gained within a scientific framework, with a principal emphasis on uniaxial compaction. The work reflects activity in Europe, which is acknowledged to lead worldwide developments in this field. The first two papers (Kulkarni and Wu) focus on powder flow. The paper by Kulkarni is concerned with techniques for flow measurement and how these may be appropriate to characterize a powder for its flow properties and being capable of distinguishing between powders where differences are small and inherently subtle. The paper by Wu focuses on the flow of powder into a die and provides evidence of complexity through development and application of a novel measurement technique. The next two papers (Doremus and Kraft)


Finishing is crucial for maximizing the service life and overall in-service performance of gears. This paper presents the parametric optimization of Electrochemical Honing (ECH) of helical gears using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to predict the surface quality of gear teeth profile. A three factors three levels Box Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been designed to investigate and analyze the effects of input variables: voltage, rotating speed and electrolyte concentration on measures of process performances: percentage improvement in average and maximum surface roughness (PIRa / PIRtm) value. Typical ranges of input parameters were investigated and regression models were developed and used respectively as constraints and objective function for parametric optimization using GA. The results established the feasibility of using the process to improve the surface quality of gear teeth profile.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C3H4N4O2·H2O, exhibits O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which lead to the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane. The dihedral angle between the ring and the carboxylic acid group is 84.6 (14)°.


Electrochemical studies were performed for a single particle of nickel hydroxide for the cathode of Ni-MH batteries. A carbon fiber microelectrode was manipulated to make electrical contact with an alloy particle, and electrochemical experiments were performed. As a result of cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation/reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are clearly separated for a single particle. The total cathodic charge (Qred) is practically constant for the scan rate investigated, indicating that the whole particle has reacted. The total anodic charge(Qox) was larger than that of reduction reaction, and the magnitude of oxygen evolution taking place as a side reaction was enhanced at lower scan rates. As a result of galvanostatic charge and discharge measurement, the discharge capacity of single particle was found to be 250 mAh/g, value being very close to the theoretical capacity (289 mAh/g). The apparent proton diffusion coefficient(Dapp) using potential step method inside the nickel hydroxide was found to range within .


Integrating socio-economic dimensions in ecosystems analysis and management is becoming increasingly important, particularly from a mapping standpoint. A key challenge with such integration is reconciling different geospatial representations based on census and administrative frameworks with natural ecosystems boundaries.This article presents one method for addressing this challenge by mapping an information rich 'ecumene'. In this approach, communities are mapped as human habitats using natural boundaries as opposed to administrative-type boundaries, integrated with authoritative socio-economic data. To illustrate the benefits of this approach, two example applications are provided that: 1) map and estimate the population of the 'forest ecumene' of Canada, and 2) map labour force distribution patterns associated with the forest sector and its relation to forest areas in Canada. Benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed, from which a number of priority areas for future research are identified. ‡,§ | ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.


The objective of this study is to shed light on the added value of the services of five disciplines in MA (2) with an acquirer having bought 100% of target shares or assets; (3) of German, Belgian or Dutch origin; (4) of non-listed firms; (5) where acquirer and target firm are not member of the same family. Using (M)ANOVA's and controlling for the effects of more than one advisor involved, the outcomes show consistently that the M&A advisory services do not reduce obstacles like financing, misinformation and culture and staff problems during or immediately after M&A. Looking at lagged effects of advisory services in the period of two years after M&A strategic more renewal by innovation occurs if bankers, fiscalists and lawyers are involved. Involvement of accountants and business brokers on the other hand decrease renewal.Overall the theory of structural hole, agency theory and "advisory entranchment" seem to prevail, during and immediatley after acquisition. There is no immediate benefit on using advisors in M&A. The lagged effect on firm renewal, more specifically on innovations support RBV, showing that advisory services increase firm innovation in the two years after acquisition. The database has some limitations. It could not be controlled for the qualifications and experiences of the advisors, the phases of M&A they were involved in and the possibility that firm acquirers didn't listen to sound advice given.


Abstract Background and Objectives The US housing market has experienced considerable fluctuations over the last decades. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of housing price dynamics on physical health, mental health, and health-related behaviors for older American outright owners, mortgaged owners, and renters. Research Design and Methods We drew longitudinal data from the 1992–2016 Health and Retirement Study and merged it to the 5-digit zip code–level Housing Price Index. The analytic sample comprised 34 182 persons and 174 759 person-year observations. We used a fixed-effects model to identify the health impacts of housing price dynamics separately for outright owners, mortgaged owners, and renters. Results A 100% increase in Housing Price Index was associated with a 2.81 and 3.50 percentage points (pp) increase in the probability of reporting excellent/very good/good health status for mortgage owners and renters, respectively. It was also related to a lower likelihood of obesity (1.82 pp) for outright owners and a lesser chance of obesity (2.85 pp) and smoking (3.03 pp) for renters. All of these relationships were statistically significant (p < .05). Renters also experienced significantly decreased depression scores (−0.24), measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scale, associated with the same housing price changes. Discussion and Implications Housing price dynamics have significant health impacts, and renters are more sensitive to fluctuations in the housing market. Our study rules out the wealth effect as the mechanism through which changes in housing prices affect older adults' health. Our findings may inform policies to promote older adults' health by investing in local area amenities and improving socioeconomic conditions.


The purpose is to build a more realistic phantom track deception scenario under complex Three-dimensional space. Since the cooperation between Electronic Combat Air Vehicles (ECAVs) are demanding, the optimal control methods are usually simplified for solving the trajectory programming problem, including the constraints, the natural influence, and the error factors and so on. The phantom track generated in this case is an ideal one, which can not reflect the true environment. We take everything into account when building dynamic models for both ECAV and the phantom. Meanwhile, error factors from information security and ECAV positioning are explored. For the trajectory programming, we convert the optimal control problem into a parameter optimization one. Error items are added to the optimized phantom track in certain forms. Simulation results show that the new phantom track appears to be fragmented, but it just meets the actual circs.


Objective: To observe the efficacy of oxycodone-acetamainophen on postherpetic neuralgia in patients with zoster as compared with diclofenac sodium.Methods: In an open randomized study,120 patients were treated with oral tablets of oxycodone-acetamainophen or dual release enteric-coated capsules of diclofenac sodium.The efficacies were compared 1 month after the treatments,the transformation of VAS was observed 3,7,14 and 30 days after the treatments.Results: The cure rate and response rate at the end of,or 1 month after,the treatments were higher in oxycodone-acetamainophen group than in diclofenac sodium group.The VAS was significantly reduced after treatment with oxycodone-acetamainophen,but was not significantly changed after treatment with diclofenac sodium.Conclusion: The efficacy(VAS decline) of oxycodone-acetamainophen is notably better than that of diclofenac sodium.


The activities of POD,CAT and SOD in leaves of seven species of compositae plants,such as Sonchus oleraceus Linn.,Xanthium sibiricum Patrin.,Conyza bonariensis(L.) Cronq.,Conyza Canadensis(L.)Cronq.,Lactuca seriola Torner.,Pterocypsela formosana(Maxim.) Shih.and Eclipta prostrata Linn.were determined under the aluminum stress after 10 d and 20 d in the pot culture.The results showed that aluminum stress had the effect on antioxidant enzyme activities of 7 tested compositae plants,and the change trend and range of 3 antioxidant enzyme activities varied with time increase of aluminum stress in 7 tested species.Sonchus oleraceus Linn.is a relative Al-tolerant species in 7 tested species and its activities of POD and CAT was significantly increased with time increase of aluminum stress compared with CK.


There has rarely been, in the fields of Security Studies and International Relations, as much controversy and disagreement as that over NATO's politico–strategic identity and actions. NATO's evolution in the still unfolding aftermath of the events of 11 September 2001 attests to the ongoing need for a clear and comprehensive understanding of its role, as its response to the terrorist attack – including the historical decision to invoke Article 5 of the Washington Treaty for the first time in its existence, and the actions undertaken at the request of the United States – has caused yet another flurry of controversies. There is on the one hand renewed optimism about the revitalization of NATO, centred on its (would-be) newfound missions, as well as its improved cooperation with Russia. On the other hand though, these recent developments have prompted a revival of bleaker assessments of the future of NATO, which focus on the dilutive effects of further enlargement and on the potential debilitation of NATO in military and decisional terms in the context of its new relationship with Russia – with the prospect of Russia's future membership of NATO. If, despite the novelty of the situation, these considerations strike a somehow familiar note, it is because for the past ten years the paramount question lying at the heart of these debates, referring to 'what NATO is and does', has not received a definitive answer. Showing remarkable political resilience and theoretical stubbornness, NATO has weathered with equal success both military storms and academic accounts of its death foretold. These two dimensions are inextricably bound together: the paramountcy of the political problem posed by NATO is such that it significantly affects the manner in which we theorize, as well as the way we practise international security.


We have developed a real-time color autostereoscopic display system using a reconstruction method of parallax rays. The notable point is to be able to display a volumetric image such as holography. Moreover, the data of this system can reduce much than that of hologram. Also, this system is visible to multiple viewers at the same time without special glasses. Well-known integral photography (IP) is similar to our system. Pseudoscopic images for IP are the most important problem that has to be solved. Using the method of ray-space representation on our display, it is not probability to appear pseudoscopic image. This paper describes the three-dimensional (3D) image input system based on ray-space representation for a color 3D display using a method of the reconstruction of parallax rays. The ray-space representation is one of image-based rendering techniques. It uses images of real objects to recreate photo realistic images of complex shaped objects without any explicit geometric model. Using similarities between a reference plane in ray-space representation and the screen of this 3D display, parallax rays for a 3D image, which we can observe at arbitrary viewing point, compose of amount of some parallax images. As an experimental result, the 3D image of origami bird (crane) is reconstructed.


Abstract : The objective of this thesis is to develop a digital controller using Quantitative Feedback Theory for a fighter aircraft with unstable, nonminimum phase dynamics that meets performance specifications despite surface failures. Aircraft design trends for highly maneuverable fighter aircraft are relaxing stability requirements in order to increase performance in the transonic and supersonic regions. However, as a result, the aircraft is statically unstable in the subsonic region which makes the flight control system critical to flight safety. The conventional approach to the flight safety problem is to provide multiple redundancy throughout the fight control system. However, QFT provides an alternative to excessive hardware. The three controlled states are the pitch, roll, and yaw rates. A weighting matrix is derived which linearly combines the nine control surfaces into three control inputs. The plant is converted to a certain plane using the Hoffman algorithm. Three constant gain controllers and three prefilters are designed for a single flight condition of 0.9 Mach and 30000 ft altitude. The controllers and prefilters are transformed to the z plane for simulation purposes. The design is simulated with healthy plant and 24 combinations of surface failures. Keywords: Control theory, Multivariate control.


There have been several clinical reports suggesting that some of herbal medicines can cause reversible aplastic anemia. We present two cases of reversible aplastic anemia that appeared to be associated with herbal medicines. A 43-year old woman and her son, 21 years of age, developed pancytopenia. This was noted after frequent ingestion of juice extracted from various herbal medicines such as Korean raisin, elm, arrowroot, licorice, and Youngji mushroom for 4 months. Bone marrow examination revealed hypocellularity in both patients. There was no other possible cause of the pancytopenia except the herbal medicines, which were discontinued immediately. The pancytopenia spontaneously improved over 3 to 5 weeks after the diagnosis of aplastic anemia. The clinical course of these two patients strongly suggests that herbal medicines can be the cause of reversible aplastic anemia.(Korean J Med 73:S1029-S1032, 2007)


We consider the problem of estimating the basic reproduction number R 0 from data on prevalence dynamics at the beginning of a disease outbreak. We derive discrete and continuous time models, some coefficients of which are to be fitted from data. We show that prevalence of the disease is sufficient to determine R 0. We apply this method to chronic wasting disease spread in Alberta determining a range of possible R 0 and their sensitivity to the probability of deer annual survival.


Abstract We utilize spatial Durbin modeling to measure the impact of distance to open water on the values of canal-front houses in Southwest Florida. Data from 1998 through 2015 are examined to obs...


Wind power quality standard IEC 61400-21 used as a reference • Proposed framework considers — wave, tidal and water current (hydrokinetic/instream) energy conversion systems — medium voltage connected (MV-connected) units — low voltage connected (LV-connected) units — only the continuous operation of converters (excludes switching operation) — only the resource conditions at the measured site (excludes resource weighing procedures) • Further work and consultations with global stakeholders need to be carried out.


Prior research generally finds that using numbers in financial disclosure is beneficial. However, numbers can also be strategically proffered due to their perceived precision and informativeness. We hypothesize that firms use undercontextualized numbers to create a false impression of certainty and transparency. We find that the use of undercontextualized numbers in earnings conference calls is associated with short-term benefits but negative longer-term consequences. Specifically, undercontextualization is associated with a short-term positive market return, positive analysts' forecast revisions, and more positive analysts' tone on the call. Furthermore, undercontextualization is associated with a longer-term negative market return, a decrease in year-over-year earnings, and a higher incidence of restatements. In additional analyses, we find that undercontextualization appears to be intentional as it is associated with conference call casting and insider trading. Given the uniqueness of our undercontextualization measure, we also document its association with analyst scrutiny and other proxies for strategic call behavior.


⎯The Arp2/3 complex is one of the main regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and a basic molecular machine that nucleates the branched actin filaments. In this work, we studied the interaction of the Arp2/3 complex with its inhibitor, arpin, and revealed the amino-acid residues that are responsible for complex formation. The free-energy calculation for arpin binding to the Arp2/3 complex was performed using umbrella sampling. It has been shown that the dissociation constant of the Arp2/3–arpin complex is higher on average than that of Arp2/3 complexes with other inhibitors. Two arpin binding sites with different affinities were identified on the surface of the Arp2/3 complex. The mechanism of the inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex by arpin is discussed.


Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and costly condition that is poorly amenable to medical care. Both patients and clinicians occasionally resort to non-medical healing such as acupuncture.

Objectives

The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate acupuncture's claim of efficacy as an adjunct or alternative therapy for the treatment of non-specific, non-inflammatory LBP with no neurological symptoms.

Methods

Evidence was collected from clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews conducted in the USA or in Europe. Studies were all published in English, conducted within the last 10 years, and identified exclusively from PubMed, CINAHL and the Cochrane Collaboration.

Results

Collectively, recent RCTs and systematic reviews provide consistent evidence that acupuncture according to its traditional theories is no more effective for LBP than various forms of non-invasive controls, including pricking the skin with a toothpick at non-acupuncture points. This finding not only undermines the traditional tenets of acupuncture, but also discredits its claim of specific effects for LBP.

Conclusions

If the effects of acupuncture on LBP are mainly due to the treatment ritual or to other psychological factors, then the placebo nature of the treatment must be fully disclosed; otherwise, patients will not be making an informed medical decision. Moreover, the use of acupuncture for LBP might directly conflict with the current positions of the American Medical Association, the American Osteopathic Association, the American Pain Society and the American Society for Pain Management Nursing on the use of placebo for the treatment of pain.


The paper firstly introduces the development and actuality of the ARM technology,and secondly explains the IIC bus of S3C2410 importantly,expounds the usage of the IIC's bus controller,achieve the purpose of reading and writing to EEPROM AT24C04 finally.


The relationship between the Eurasian community coming from the newly independent Indonesia to New Guinea and the Papuans was very difficult. The Eurasians felt superior and expected New Guinea to become a new Eurasian homeland. The Dutch government however wanted to build up New Guinea as an independent country where the Papuans would be in charge, this to the dismay of the Eurasians who felt betrayed and stuck in New Guinea. The relations between both groups were not very cordial.


In May 1915, Italy attacked Austria-Hungary along the Isonzo River and in the Trentino, hoping to conquer territory which it believed to be rightfully Italian. An immobile, entrenched war of attrition quickly developed with neither side able to break through in 1915 or 1916. In the Adriatic both sides stuck to small scale operations. In October and November 1917 a joint Austro-German attack at Caporetto inflicted a massive defeat on Italy, but the Central Powers were unable to capitalise on their victory and Italy recovered well. As Austria-Hungary disintegrated at home, Italy emerged victorious after the final battle of Vittorio Veneto.


Liu, Qi-Ying, Yoong H. Chang, Anne E. Schaffner, Susan V. Smith, and Jeffery L. Barker Allopregnanolone activates GABAA receptor/ Cl channels in a multiphasic manner in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurophysiol 88: 1147–1158, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00942.2001. Although 3 -substituted metabolites of progesterone are well established to interact with GABAA receptor/Cl channels, the nature of the interaction(s) remains uncertain. We used patch-clamp recording to study the interaction with GABAA receptor/Cl channels expressed by embryonic hippocampal neurons differentiating in culture and nonneuronal cells transfected with GABAA receptor subunits. Allopregnanolone primarily induced multiphasic current responses in neurons, which were eliminated by bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA at GABAA receptor/Cl channels. Similar multiphasic responses blocked by bicuculline were induced by allopregnanollone in nonneuronal cells transfected with 1 and 2 subunits, indicating that the steroid activation of GABAA receptor/Cl channels occurred independently of GABA. Fluctuation analyses of current responses to allopregnanolone and GABA revealed underlying channel activities with similar estimated unitary properties. However, although both agonists activated Cl channels with similar estimated short and long burst-length durations, most of those stimulated by the steroid were short, while most of those opened by GABA were long. Allopregnanolone potentiated GABA-evoked Cl currents in nonneuronal cells transfected with 1 and 2 or 3 subunits, which did not exhibit multiphasic responses to the steroid, indicating another, independent action of the steroid at activated receptors. Pertussis toxin treatment eliminated the low-amplitude current and attenuated the high-amplitude current induced by allopregnanolone in a reversible manner. Mastoparan, which activates G proteins directly, triggered a highamplitude current after a delay, which was blocked by bicuculline. The results indicate that allopregnanolone interacts with GABAA receptor/Cl channels expressed by embryonic hippocampal neurons in multiple ways, some of which are mediated by G proteins.


An educational intervention directed to the fami ly care givers of 20 terminally ill patients, belonging to the health area of "Jose Marti Perez" University...


The Southeast of Chong Qing Wu Feng – Long Ma Xi group is a national shale gas exploration and development key formation. Shale contains high clay minerals,It makes serious borehole instability and large of cuttings transport.The segment length of the horizontal well, is easy to form cuttings bed.Strong shale plastic makes ROP low. In this paper, It calculates the closed N-S equation based on the k-ε two-equation model by using numerical simulation method,studys the Φ 215.9 mm PDC bit´s nozzle diameters. When the center nozzle diameter is 12.70mm in a long horizontal section shale reservoir,It reachs the diameter of external nozzle is 8.74mm ~ 11.13mm optimal for PDC bit downhole flow field.The center and peripheral nozzle diameter of PDC bit should have a certain class difference, 2 ~ 5 grades is optimal. When the peripheral nozzle diameter is 11.13mm, the center of the nozzle diameter should be greater than or equal to 11.13mm for PDC bit flow field.The center nozzle diameter can not be smaller than the external diameter of the nozzle. The study can guide the shale reservoir horizontal section PDC bit design,improve ROP and cleaning rock,reduce the probability of cuttings settlement in the horizontal section.


Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss, in an open session, the Intelligence Community's recent National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on the ballistic missile threat to the United States through the year 2015. Following my statement, I will try to answer your questions without providing important information to countries seeking to hide weapons developments from us. Thus, you'll understand that if I cannot answer a question more fully, it's not that I do not want to. In such cases, I could provide a classified answer for the record if you would like. My Statement for the Record does not cover all the important material published in our recent unclassified paper on this subject. Moreover, in the interest of time I would like to summarize my statement verbally, so I would like to submit both the unclassified paper and my written statement for the record. Congress has requested that the Intelligence Community produce annual reports on ballistic missile developments worldwide. We produced the first report in March 1998 and an update memorandum in October 1998 on the August North Korean launch of its Taepo Dong-1 space launch vehicle. Our 1999 report is a classified NIE, but we summarized it in the unclassified paper I just mentioned. You have copies of that paper for this hearing. This year we examined future capabilities for several countries that have or have had ballistic missiles or space launch programs or intentions. Our approach for this year's report differs with past efforts in three major ways.


economies Over the past decade work on local and regional economies has been marked by an increased concern with institutions and the relationship between institutional dynamics and economic development. This is reflected in a diverse set of literatures that address themes such as the institutional foundations of urban and regional economic growth, the development of new forms of political ^ economic governance and the relationship between institutional character and configuration and diverse processes of economic and political change (Amin and Thrift, 1994; MacLeod and Goodwin, 1999a). Such issues are being addressed from a range of theoretical frameworks and disciplinary perspectives. Furthermore, these developments are seemingly bound up with a wider shift within geography, and the social sciences more broadly, to place institutions more centrally within the encompass of contemporary academic concerns (see Jessop, this issue; Philo and Parr, 2000). Despite the diversity of substantive concerns, the literature exhibits a degree of consensus and coherence derived, in part, from a shared set of intellectual and conceptual roots on the one hand and a common set of methodological and ontological developments on the other. In these introductory comments we signpost the lineage of the `institutional turn' in urban and regional studies, while recognizing that we should see this as a ``complex, polyvalent phenomenon'' rather than a coherent and complete intellectual venture (Jessop this issue, page 1213). We go on to outline five important developments in the recent literature. A degree of consensus combined with the currency of the literature give rise to a number of strengths that are reflected in the papers that follow. Notable here are the developing concern with processes of institutionalization, the attempt to mediate between everyday social practices and the reproduction of broader social structures or networks, and the recognition of the explanatory limits of associated theoretical frameworks. However, certain critical weaknesses remain and consensus in some areas contrasts with vigorous debate elsewhere. Indeed, both the theoretical foundations and the policy implications of work in this field are hotly contested, as recent papers by Amin (1999) and Lovering (1999) indicate. In consequence we argue that the institutional turn may be rather less well founded than commonly perceived. In this light the papers collected here might be read as part of an ongoing process that seeks to clarify and strengthen recent work while at the same time recognizing and understanding its limits. The intellectual roots of the current institutional turn in urban and regional studies are carefully set out in the papers by MacLeod and Jessop. There is little need to rehearse their arguments in detail but both indicate the diversity of disciplinary and intellectual traditions that have supported and furthered an institutionally focused agenda. These diverse traditions find considerable unity in their opposition to a neoclassical orthodoxy that simultaneously isolates and individualizes the economy and economic practice. In this sense, recent work on the governance of local and regional economies reflects a much wider intellectual debate concerning the relationship between economy and culture and the embeddedness of economic action within social and political forms, practices, and institutions. Guest editorial Environment and Planning A 2001, volume 33, pages 1139 ^ 1144


An electrofacies analysis, aimed at discriminating depositional facies, has been completed as a part of an integrated semi-regional exploration study of the Chalk of the Greater Ekofisk Area, Norwegian Central Graben.


In this paper, the problem of H∞ output tracking control for networked control systems with random time delays and system uncertainties is investigated. Effective sampling instant that is tightly related with transmission delay from sensor to actuator is proposed to ensure that the random variable time delay is always shorter than one effective sampling period. By using both active time‐varying sampling period strategy and hybrid node‐driven mechanism, the switching instant is coincided with the effective sampling instant. An augmented time‐varying networked tracking system model is provided by including the output tracking error as an additional state. However, random transmission delay causes indeterminate sampling period, which induces infinite subsystems. Gridding approach is introduced to transform the continuous time axis into discrete‐time sequences, which guarantees the finite number of switching rules. By employing multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions, linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based output tracking H∞ performance analysis is presented, and robust switching H∞ model reference tracking controller for networked control systems with communication constraints and system uncertainties is designed to guarantee asymptotic tracking of prescribed reference outputs while rejecting disturbances. Finally, simulation results illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In article the technique of an estimation of efficiency of the state investments into creation of regional extension service system is presented. The technique allows proving expediency of the state investments on the basis of an estimation of the financial and social income of execution of the investment project on creation of regional extension service system with application of the social rate of discounting.


The conditions under which the three forms of Hamiloris principle were derived for nonholonomic systems with linear constraints by Holder, Voronets and Suslov are analysed in the general case of nonlinear constraints. It is proved, that these three forms are equivalent and transformable to each other. The analogous questions are analysed for the case of nonlinear quasi-coordinates and quasi-velocities. In addition the forms of Holder, Voronets and Suslov are exhibited in the case of Legendre transformation reducing the motion's equations to canonical f arm in quasi-coordinates. Also the conditions under which Hamilton's principle for nonholonomic systems has the characterises of the principle of stationary action are derived. .


Measles is a highly contagious viral disease which transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or airborne sprays to mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva. We conducted this surveillance analysis to describe measles distribution by person, place, and time and recommend possible solutions. The Data was secondary data that collected from the National lab EPHI by using concept note that was blood sample sent from Tigray region from September 2013 up to August 2017. Distribution of cases by age and sex (person), description by place and time was made. There was a total of 668 Measles cases and no deaths. From the total of measles sample sent to National EPHI from 2013 to 2017 in Tigray Region the most affected age group is between 15-44 years of age 293(43.9%). The number of confirmed measles were found intermittently increasing and decreasing from year to year. And Measles surveillance system should be strengthening in the Region, especially woredas with high measles cases. But in the study, there were high measles case > 15 years than the underage this needs additional and further study in the region to better understand the age shift.


The main characteristic of economic analyses of law is the adoption of economic efficiency as the essential criterion in analysing and evaluating the effects of laws. However, contemporary environmental challenges oblige us to radically reconsider not only the legal norms underlying social behaviours but also the methodological approach and the founding principles through which said norms are defined and evaluated. This aspect lays the grounds for a new discipline which could be called quantitative ecological analysis of the law, aimed at quantifying the short- and long-term ecological benefits derived from the introduction of a law. This article develops and discusses the prospect of a quantitative ecological analysis of the law as a methodological approach useful in formulating and evaluating environmental laws. The methodological approach proposed in this article is applied to analysing two new environmental laws and quantifying, in analytical terms, the ecological benefits that could derive from the hypothetical introduction of these laws in the Italian legal system.
quantitative ecological analysis of the law, environmental law, quantitativemethods, environmental challenges, Co2 emission reduction, sustainable transport, railway transport, electric vehicles, Italian legal system.


The title 'The Community Response' sums up very aptly, if inadvertently, the place of the community as the Government sees it in the formulation of airport strategy. In other words, to respond rather than to participate; a sort of reluctant anchor that has to be dragged along in response to proposals made by others. Airports should be planned to serve the Community; that is their function. They do not exist merely to facilitate the landing and take-off of passengers and freight in a vacuum unrelated to the locality in which they are sited. People who use airports have an involvement with the community whether it be through business, tourist or domestic connections. The GLC has consistently recognised the importance of London's airports, especially Heathrow, to the economic well being of London and the South East. With the abandonment of Maplin we have accepted that at least for the time being, the increased demand for airport capacity in the South East will have to be met by some expansion at existing airports, but we have a wider duty also to ensure that the social planning and environmental aspects linked with airport developments are taken into account.


Purpose: Hypoxic training is frequent part of preparation of endurance athletes, but in the last years there are many polemics about effects of hypoxic training on the haemato-logical parameters analysing in athlete´s biological passport. The aim of the research was to detect the effect of three different methods of hypoxic training (high altitude training, intermittent hypoxic training, sleeping in hypoxic tent) on haematological parameters which are analysing in athlete´s biological passport. Methods: Three types of hypoxic preparation were compared. The ensemble contained of 7 long-distance men race walkers (age 27.4 years (SD ± 3.6); body height 177.0 cm (SD ± 8.1); body weight 63.1 kg (SD ± 5.3). Results: We detected statistical significant increase in haemoglobin level about 12.57 g.l-1 (p 0.05), the decrease of off-score after sleeping in hypoxic tent was about 1.8 (p > 0.05) and the decrease of off-score by intermittent hypoxic training was about 5.46 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Participation of hypoxic preparation can significantly influence parameters in athlete biological passport. According results of our research, we assume that all methods of hypoxic training can affect haematological parameters analysing in athlete´s biological passport (haemoglobin, reticulocytes).


Grace Feuerverger. Teaching, Learning, and Other Miracles. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers, 2007. 156 pp. $30.00 sc. "Learning is a treasure which accompanies its owner everywhere." --Chinese proverb "Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher." --Japanese proverb "Education is light, lack of it darkness." --Russian proverb Source: Website of the National Education Association in Washington DC: http://www.nea.org Teaching, Learning, and other Miracles by Grace Feuerverger is a genuine translation of the essence of the aforesaid proverbs. For example, in conformity with the Chinese proverb above, Feuerverger reflects on her school days and says, "I was given unimaginable treasure" (1). In this narrative book, the author shares with readers her autobiographical story with emphasis on the educational aspect. Although the simple and straightforward title of this book does not reveal its rich content, a critical reader is able to benefit from its hidden treasures and use them as guidelines for life success. As well, choosing the word 'miracles' in the title is successful as it reflects the reality of most schools nowadays. The author's message here is that miracles are already seen in some schools, while others still need miracles for change to happen. The introduction of the book gives an impression of the religious background of the author who considers "[A]n explanation of teaching and learning in schools as a sacred life journey" (1), and thinks that "[T]eaching became a pilgrim's journey" (2) and that "[A] teacher can be a messenger ... to his or her students" (3). In this ambitious work, Feuerverger reflects on her academic life, first as a student and later as a teacher. The book consists of a series of chronological episodes, each carrying a specific message to learners, teachers, and educators. The author successfully delivers those messages through discussing the main goals of this literary work. "As a child of Holocaust survivors", Feuerverger stated that one of the main goals behind writing this book was to give hope to the school children who suffered from war, violence, poverty, and abuse as well as for those who teach them (1). Another goal was to shed light on the significant role that a good public education can play in building the character of students of all backgrounds, cultures, races and religions (ibid.). Moreover, the book was an attempt "to explore the ways in which teaching as an act of courage and beauty forms the basis for creating a spirit of community within the classroom and beyond (2)." She also wrote this book to highlight the significance of school as a salvation during her childhood (ibid.). Feuerverger cleverly discussed those goals through the distinguished outline of her book, which is divided into two main parts: first her school life as a child and as a teacher, second her professional experience as a university professor. Each part is broken down into chapters that were ordered in pursuant to the author's professional life cycle. The first part of the book mirrors Feuerverger's experiences as a school child who survived the Holocaust and found a refuge in the school. Emotionally and sometimes sadly she described her memories in school as being full of diverse students who came from different ethnicities and cultures. The author narrated how she lived "bilingualism in a multicultural context (19)." Next, she depicted a portrait of her passion for school and the French language and how they became her only homeland and offered her hope in the world. She said that "French language saved my life and the classroom became my true and only home" (25). Then, Feuerverger discussed her first experience as a school teacher and how she adopted storytelling as a pedagogical approach. She believes that "a great teacher is a great storyteller" (47). This belief conforms with Doyle (1990) who argues that teachers store their knowledge in narratives. …


A curing agent Thiourea-diethylenetriamine (TU-DETA) was successfully prepared with its structure characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR spectrum). The curing agent TU-DETA contained incompletely reacted material diethylenetriamine (DETA) and the polymerization degree (n) of TU-DETA was equaled to either 1 or 3 according to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Kinetics of thermal degradation of DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/TU-DETA epoxy system was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under non-isothermal conditions with heating rates of 5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 20 °C/min. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of DGEBA/TU-DETA epoxy system revealed that the thermal degradation process was only a single weight-loss step. The apparent average activation energy calculated with the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method was 140.4 kJ/mol. With a combination of the Coats–Redfern and Phadnis–Deshpande methods, it was showed that the most probable mechanism of degradation process of the cured epoxy resin was F1 deceleration type.


The ion exchange phase of corrosion of nuclear waste glasses was modelled using Doremus' theory of interdiffusion and numerically analysed for British Magnox waste and Russian K-26 glasses. It is shown that even in non-silica -saturated conditions the ion exchange phase plays a significant role in the overall radionuclide release inventory particularly for short-lived radionuclides.


The invention discloses a dual-purpose rehabilitation wheel chair, wherein wheels are arranged at the two sides of a wheel chair frame respectively; a coaxial handle rim is arranged at the outer side of each wheel; two corresponding brackets are connected with the front side of the wheel chair frame through a rotation shaft; a front wheel is arranged in the front of each bracket; a folding pedal is arranged at the inner side of each front wheel; the middle part of the wheel chair frame is connected with a cushion through a rotation shaft; a back is arranged at the back of the cushion; the back is connected with the wheel chair frame through a bottom rotation shaft; each of the two sides of the back is connected with a bar-type handrail through a rotation shaft; a handle is arranged between two handrails; the handle is a trapezoidal plate, in which the bottom is connected with the top of the back; and a through hole is arranged at the middle part of the handle. Compared with the prior art, the wheel chair can achieve the conversion between the wheel chair and the walking aid, is beneficial to recover and is convenient to regulate and operate.


Under the leadership of Robert D. Holt, some students and colleagues of the late David Rapaport decided to memorialize him by writing papers on psychoanalysis which reveal his influence. Of 30 invitations for original papers extended in 1961, this volume edited by Holt is the result. The chosen contributions are written by Benjamin B. Rubenstein, George S. Klein, Roy Schafer, Lester Luborsky, I. H. Paul, Merton M. Gill, Peter H. Wolff, and Robert D. Holt. Not only would a memorial to Rapaport naturally include only considerations of psychoanalysis, but the choice of authors and the titles of their papers guarantees an exclusive concern with theory. Holt's contributions are not only the instigation of the project and the choice of papers, but also as editor he has contributed copious footnotes to each paper. Holt makes some interesting statements in the preface which I shall quote verbatim. ... a conviction


Azov was the site of the first military victory of the reign of tsar Peter I (aka Peter the Great) and the object of his earliest endeavors as an empire-builder. This fortified seaside stronghold, equidistant from Moscow and Istanbul, was also the site of his greatest failures as a ruler. The ill-planned logistics of sending settlers to a territory in which little grain could be grown, the construction of a port on what was essentially an Ottoman lake, the high human cost in deaths due to disease and attrition, and the astounding rates of evasion and desertion all portended a troubled existence for the Azov colony. But the tsar's military blunders in 1711 forced him to make a move that was virtually unprecedented in the history of Russian expansion: to relinquish a territory and order the systematic destruction of nearly everything that fifteen years of hard labor had achieved. Historians have consistently overlooked this significant, but ignominious, episode in a reign that generations of observers have categorized as "Great."1 The neglect of Azov can only partly be explained by the loss of its archives.2


Moving human sexuality beyond a specialty focus and establishing a sexuality discourse within social work's foundation may be challenging. Group process and reflection, hallmarks of social work, may be a way to integrate this sometimes overlooked and often taboo conversation into social work coursework. Undergrad students from two Mid-western universities reflected on the usefulness of an established experiential sex education activity. Qualitative analysis of student narratives resulted in seven themes describing the usefulness of this activity including: (i) emotional intimacy; (ii) connection; (iii) power of personal stories; (iv) normalising; (v) healing; (vi) clinical profile and (vii) RE-storying. These themes demonstrate that this activity has clear benefits and enriches the overall learning of the topic of human sexuality. Further, these themes fit nicely within a social work pedagogy teaching clinical practice skills such as group process, rapport building and use of self. Implications for social work are discussed.


The principle of cascade H-bridge converter is analyzed.Variable-Frequency Carrier Bands PWM(VFCB-PWM) technique is discussed.Cascade H-bridge converter based on VFCB-PWM technique is proposed.Also,it is applied in shunt active power filter(APF) based on instantaneous reactive power theory.It is found in the simulation results that the proposed shunt APF can compensate the harmonic and reactive current validly caused by nonlinear loads,as well as,the performance is well.


To the Editor.— In the January 1974 issue of theArchives, El Zawahry 1 described a group of patients with "idiopathic pigmentation of the upper back," ignored a number of pertinent references, and erroneously concluded that he was describing a new syndrome. I would like to draw attention to the 1969 report of Gibbs and Frank 2 describing a similar group of patients with macular lesions of the back. In 1970, Shanon and Sagher 3 described a similar eruption in patients with interscapular cutaneous amyloidosis and mentioned that in a group of 16 patients, in whom the same clinical picture of a pigmented reticular dermatosis on the back was observed, amyloid was not demonstrated in biopsy specimens of the affected area. In 1972, Hashimoto and I 4 described a group of patients with macular amyloidosis, some of them showing the same clinical picture as described by El Zawahry. We also


In the highly competitive business world of today, many managers have a tendency to micro manage their field sales employees. These managers have good intentions of trying to help the representatives accomplish the various tasks and directives that have been set by upper management. However, this type of approach often results in a lack of productivity. Managers and representatives become focused on tasks and often lose sight of the big picture. This article presents four key strategies to help sales managers avoid the micro management trap and to increase productivity of the field sales representative.


Supply chains are becoming increasingly vulnerable to energy prices and greenhouse gas emission constraints. Supply chains now span long distances and require significant use of fossil fuels and carbon-dioxide emissions to transport goods to consumers. At the same time, techniques such as lean manufacturing are keeping inventory levels low and require frequent replenishment throughout the supply chain – which can further add to the energy use and emissions, depending on the product. The total energy use and emissions in supply chains depend on transport modes, frequency and size of deliveries, and inventory levels. We present a methodology for formulating and analyzing this problem at the system level, based on modeling and simulation techniques. Our analysis focuses on transportation and storage along supply chains, both of which consume energy and produce carbon-dioxide emissions. Using a software package that incorporates the methodology presented in this paper, we study the energy use, emissions and cost in selected supply chains from various industry sectors. For products requiring temperature control, such as many food products, we show that there is typically a tradeoff between energy efficiency in transportation and energy efficiency in storage. Our results suggest that the system-level quantitative method presented in this paper can reveal significant opportunities for improving the energy and emissions footprints of supply chains. As the need for environmental performance increases in the coming years, such quantitative approaches will become increasingly important for supporting management decisions.


Fast electromagnetic drive mechanism shows broad application prospects in many areas, but there is still a lack of unified evaluation parameters as to evaluate the dynamic characteristics due to diversity and complexity of the mechanisms. Three interrelated evaluation parameters are presented for topology analysis, namely the electromagnetic force sensitivity coefficient, the initial time constant and the sensitivity contribution coefficient. The specific parameters based evaluation can provide a basis for structural performance assessment as well as topology optimization. Comparison between the dynamic parameters of the discoid repulsion mechanism and the solenoid thrust mechanism shows that, the discoid one is superior to the solenoid one. The proposed research is to establish a general methodology for topology analysis and optimization of the electromagnetic mechanisms. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.2066 Full Text: PDF


Practical aspects of the applied impedance spectroscopy are considered. A concept and demonstrator for embeddable impedance spectroscopy device are discussed. The proposed concept is based on the use of simple binary signals as for excitation. Signal generation as well as later processing of response signals is handled inside single chip digital signal processor. Minimal amount of supporting circuitry is added, and set of exchangeable front end units is added. Low level complexity, low power consumption and low cost of implementation are the criteria besides the strict requirement for the stability and repeatability of the operation. Three different application scenarios are briefly introduced. Achieved results are evaluated in the lines of accuracy versus repeatability, and fulfillment of requirements.


The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a thin film having a CZTS double inclination of the bandgap, comprising the steps of: forming a thin film layer Cu2ZnSnS4; forming a thin film layer 4 Cu2ZnSn (S, Se); and a thin film layer formed Cu2ZnSnS4. According to another aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a CZTS dual bandgap solar cell of inclination, comprising the steps of: forming a back electrode; on the back electrode layer is formed CZTS thin film by a method of the above methods . According to yet another method of the present invention, a CZTS solar cell, comprising a back electrode and a thin film layer formed CZTS based on said back electrode, and said thin film layer sequentially comprises a CZTS Cu2ZnSnS4 film layer, Cu2ZnSn (S, Se) 4 film Cu2ZnSnS4 layer and the thin film layer, and the band gap energy of the thin film layer 4 Cu2ZnSn (S, Se) is less than the band gap energy Cu2ZnSnS4 film layer. CZTS the present invention are formed based thin film layer due to the inclination of the band gap of the double high band gap surface side, thereby increasing the open circuit voltage, to reduce recombination, and because the rear side of the high band gap, thereby increasing the electron mobility and improve the solar cell effectiveness.


We believe that the review and meta-analysis by Silva et al ( Gut 2008; 57 :1592–6) on needle tract seeding following diagnostic needle biopsy of suspicious liver lesions lacks some important information and a conclusion. They evaluated cross-sectional case studies and historical case controlled studies but not studies on seeding following ablative therapies (percutaneous ethanol injection and radio-frequency ablation (RFA)). They only identified eight articles for the systematic review with a total number of 1340 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in our previously published review,1 using similar search criteria, we found 14 such studies (in which the size of the cohort biopsied was known) with 2242 patients, and 25 other series either without a denominator, or case reports, both of which …


Comparative investigation of reactivities and ion structures upon electron impact induced degradations of the isomeric hydroxy cinnamic acid methyl esters

By analysis of energy release data in metastable peaks it is shown that m- and p-hydroxy cinnamic acid methylesters retain specific structural features upon degradation under electron impact, although their spectra are very similar and the shapes of the metastable peaks due to the initial methoxy cleavage are identical. A pronounced charge radical localization in the molecular ion is indicated. The o-isomer is found to yield a coumarin type structure by elimination of methanol, whose further degradation by decarbonylation involves at least three different mechanisms. The resulting ion structures are different from benzofuran.


For testing electrostatic discharge inducing wafer defects, the test wafer (12) and methods are disclosed. Test wafer (12) includes thereon formed electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive risk scale geometry (16). After exposure to the semiconductor manufacturing process, by using the ESD risk scale geometry (16), by analyzing a test wafer (12), to identify the severity of any ESD effects associated with semiconductor manufacturing process , and to evaluate.


This study is entitled Lexical Cohesion and Semantic Relation in the English texts.  The  aims  of  this  study  are  identifying  the  types  of  lexical  cohesion  and analyzing the semantic relation  found in the texts. The data were taken   from   five texts  with  different   genres.   It contains aspects of life and consists of twelve pages. This study was library research which applied the documentation method  to  collect  the  data.  The data of this study were analyzed using the qualitative method.  The theory applied in this study is cohesion in English that explains the types of cohesion into two; lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion and analyzing the semantic relation found in the text. The result of the analysis shows a lot of lexical cohesions found in the data such as reiteration. Reiteration consists of repetition, synonym and superordinate. Collocation can be explained by means of; Antonym, the same ordered series, and certain lexical sets. Semantic relation between lexical items in the text that makes the text cohesive was also found in this study.


Amna Khan: Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches for Classification of Invoices Master of Science Thesis Tampere University Computational Big Data Analytics December 2019 Machine learning has become one of the leading sciences governing modern world. Various disciplines specifically neural networks have recently gained a lot of attention due to its widespread applications. With the recent advances in the technology the resulting big data has augmented the need of bigger means of storage, analysis and henceforth utilization. This not only implies the efficient use of available techniques but suggests surge in the development of new algorithms and techniques. In this project, three different machine learning approaches were implemented utilizing the open source library of keras on TensorFlow as a proof of concept for the task of intelligent invoice automation. The performance of these approaches for improved business on data of invoices has been analysed using the data of two customers with two target attributes per customer as a dataset. The behaviour of neural network hyperparameters using matplotlib and TensorBoard was empirically calculated and investigated. As part of the first approach, the standard way of implementing predictive algorithm using neural network was followed. Moreover, the hyper-parameters search space was fine-tuned, and the resulting model was studied by grid search on those hyper-parameters. This strategy of hyperparameters was followed in the next two approaches as well. In the second approach, not only further possible improvement in prediction accuracy is achieved but also the dependency between the two target attributes by using multi-task learning was determined. As per the third implemented approach, the use of continual learning on invoices for postings was analysed. This investigation, that involves the comparison of varied machine learning approaches has broad significance in approving the currently available algorithms for handling such data and suggests means for improvement as well. It holds great prospects, including but not limited to future implementation of such approaches in the domain of finance towards improved customer experience, fraud detection and ease in the assessments of assets etc.


It is deficient to define the concept of information quoting narrow information theory from the concept of subject information. Cancept of subjective imformation includes the concepts of communication, transmission, and education information. Based on analyzing kinds of concepts of philosophy information. This paper explores three types of concepts of information, and puts forward that cognizance is needed on the views of systematication.


Today, the operating TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) experiment continuously produces and accumulates a large volume of raw astroparticle data. To be available for the scientific community these data should be well-described and formally characterized. The use of metadata makes it possible to search for and to aggregate digital objects (e.g. events and runs) by time and equipment through a unified interface to access them. The important part of the metadata is hidden and scattered in folder/files names and package headers. Such metadata should be extracted from binary files, transformed to a unified form of digital objects, and loaded into the catalog. To address this challenge we developed a concept of the metadata extractor that can be extended by facility-specific extraction modules. It is designed to automatically collect descriptive metadata from raw data files of all TAIGA formats.


The study aims to improve the learning outcomes skills of throwing and catching the ball in the fourth-grade students at State Elementary School 202 Balleanging in Ujungloe subdistrict in Bulukumba district by applying the cooperative learning model of TGT type in physical education and sports to 17 fourth grade students, consisted of 10 male students and 7 female students. This study is a Classroom Action Research which was conducted in 2 cycles, that each cycle has 2 meetings and is designed through 4 stages, namely Planning, Implementation, observation, and Reflection. Then, the aspects observed in the learning process are Spiritual, Psychomotor, Affective, and Cognitive. Before conducting the research, Preliminary Observations Was conducted and the data were obtained descriptively by using the percentage of learning completeness technique based on the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) = 75. The results of the study reveal that the percentage of completeness of students in (Pre-cycle) is only 1 student who completes with a percentage of 5.88%, (cycle I, meeting 1) 4 students completed with a percentage of 23.52%, (cycle I, meeting 2) 6 students completed with a percentage of 35.29%, (cycle 2, meeting 1) 6 students completed with a percentage of 70.58%, (cycle 2, meeting 2) 17 students completed with a percentage of 100%. Therefore, in conclusion, the improvement of the learning outcomes skills in throwing and catching a ball in the fourth-grade students at State Elementary School 202 Balleanging in Ujungloe subdistrict in Bulukumba district by implementing the cooperative learning model of TGT type can increase significantly.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we employ a dynamics modeling method for investigating a multi-body dynamics system of semi-submersible autonomous underwater vehicles consisting of a towing vehicle operated near the water surface, a tow cable, and a towfish. The towfish, which is towed by a marine cable for the purposes of exploration or mine hunting, is modeled with a Six-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) equation of motion that reflects its hydrodynamics characteristics. The towing cable, which can experience large displacements and deformations, is modeled using an absolute nodal coordinate formulation. To reflect the hydrodynamic characteristics of the cable during motion, the hydrodynamic force due to added mass and the drag force are imposed. To verify the completeness of the modeling, a few simple numerical simulations were conducted, and the results confirm the physical plausibility of the model.


16. Abstract A simulator study of STOL airworthiness criteria was conducted using a model of a deflected slipstream transport. This study covered the approach, flare and landing, go-around, and takeoff phases of flight. The three volumes of this report document the results of that investigation. regard The results provide a data base for future STOL airworthiness and a preliminary of potential Comparison of the simulation results with various proposed STOL criteria indicates significant deficiencies in many of these


OBJECTIVES:Intravenous albumin has been used to prevent paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) in cirrhotics; however, its use is costly and controversial. Splanchnic arterial vasodilatation is primarily responsible for PICD. There are no reports of use of midodrine in the prevention of PICD. In this pilot study, we evaluated midodrine and albumin in the prevention of PICD.METHODS:Forty patients with cirrhosis underwent therapeutic paracentesis with midodrine or albumin in a randomized controlled trial at a tertiary center. Effective arterial blood volume was assessed by plasma renin activity.RESULTS:Plasma renin activity at baseline and at 6 days after paracentesis did not differ in the two groups (43.18 ± 10.73 to 45.90 ± 8.59 ng/mL/h, P= 0.273 in the albumin group and 44.44 ± 8.44 to 41.39 ± 10.21 ng/mL/h, P= 0.115 in the midodrine group). Two patients had an increase in plasma renin activity of more than 50% from baseline in the albumin group, and none in the midodrine group. A significant increase in 24-h urine volume and urine sodium excretion was noted in the midodrine group. Midodrine therapy was cheaper than albumin therapy.CONCLUSIONS:The study suggests that midodrine may be as effective as albumin in preventing PICD in cirrhotics, but at a fraction of the cost, and can be administered orally. Midodrine also resulted in an increase in 24-h urine volume and sodium excretion.


Piezoelectric harvesters are capable of generating energy out of ambient vibrations. Dedicated interface circuits can significantly increase the harvesting capabilities compared with passive rectifiers. This paper presents an autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system in a 0.35-μm CMOS process. The implemented interface is based on the parallel-SSHI technique and can harvest from periodic and shock excitations. Regular operation is enabled for input voltages as low as 670 mV. It extracts up to 6.81 times more power compared with an ideal full-bridge rectifier depending on the generator characteristics and excitation conditions. The device is capable of cold startup and provides a stable output voltage for powering an application.


-- is x2u2-x2u2=2z which leads to (a/a)2=8/~e-"2/"2. The solution of this transcendental equation is a/u-0.98. This condition is essentially the same as the previous condition a/u= 1. 3) Minimize the variance of the first-order kernel (16). The variance is proportional to the factor f=x2u2/VXL==/2ea2/* eerf (a/u). The correlation between x and u is given by f-'12. For a = u the factor f equals 1.37, which is 10 percent greater than the minimum value of f which occurs at a=0.7u. The factor f= 1.37 implies that an experiment must run 37 percent longer if the ternary rather than the original Gaussian function is used for cross correlation. This may be a small penalty to pay for the gain in computation speed. The truncation value a/u= 1 meets all three criteria satisfactorily, so this value can be used with the assurance that the kernels obtained have minimal systematic and statistical deviations from Wiener kernels.


Eczema herpeticum, a form of disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex infection, is a potentially life-threatening illness. 1 Herpes simplex virus may disseminate either cutaneously or systemically in patients with preexisting cutaneous disease, including Darier's disease, pemphigus vulgaris, ichthyosis vulgaris, mycosis fungoides, and most commonly, atopic dermatitis. 1,2 The initial manifest herpes simplex virus infection may be from a primary exposure or after reactivation of a latent infection. The latter infection, occurring in patients with certain preexisting dermatoses, may manifest initially with a localized cluster of lesions which, with time, may disseminate over a larger skin surface area. The manifestation may be confused with an exacerbation of the underlying skin disease until the characteristic vesicles are noted. When associated with atopic dermatitis, the most intense viral dissemination is located in the areas of dermatitis, but normal appearing skin may ultimately be involved. Crops of new vesicles continue to erupt for two to


This air-pressure shock absorber smooth stops a moving object using the reciprocated movement of a rod in an air pressure cylinder. The shock absorber absorbs and reduces the internal pressure of the chamber in the cylinder to smoothly stop the moving object by the communication of air compressed in the chamber to the atmosphere through a bypass passage formed in a cylinder wall. The air pressure is released to the atmosphere after the piston has moved through a predetermined stroke.


In this paper we develop the idea of abstract homogeneity in the context of interval-valued (IV) functions endowed with admissible orders and investigate some of its properties.


The origins of Hua-Chu'iao a short history of the Nanyang Chinese the limits of Nanyang Chinese nationalism 1912-1937 the study of the Southeast Asian past Southeast Asia in the 9th and 14th centuries early Ming relations with Southeast Asia - a background essay China and Southeast Asia 1402-1424 the opening of relations between China and Malacca 1403-1405 the first three rulers of Malacca the Malayu in Hai-Kuo Wen Chien Lu migration patterns in history - Malaysia and the region Malayan nationalism Malaysia - contending elites reflections on Malaysian elites traditional leadership in a new nation - the Chinese in Malaya and Singapore Chinese politics in Malaya a short introduction to Chinese writing in Malaya "Are Indonesian Chinese unique?" - some observations trade and cultural values - Australia and the four dragons the life of William Liu - Australian and Chinese perspectives the China-Japan relationship - implications for Australia Asian perceptions of Australia - what Asians will see.


The design of most small public space is enclosed which is inevitably detrimental to the continuity of the design of landscape in the whole city.Therefore,the design of small public space landscape should be taken as part of the whole city and it should be harmonious with the city's naturalness.The design of these spaces should take such considerations into account as safety,multifunction,harmony with the major body,putting man at first and sustainable development.This article,taking Shenyang Agricultural University Kewei Park as an example,discusses the layouts of small public space landscape,stressing that the reasonable distribution of monument,waterscape,tress,and greenbelt has fully met the targets of commemoration and relaxation,making the natural landscape and human landscape perfectly matched.


We present a model of strategic reciprocal altruism. Contrary to most models in the literature, undertaking costly actions which only benefit others is shown to be an equilibrium in the absence of reputation or any other dynamic considerations. In the general case, a good and a bad equilibrium may exist. In the former, cooperation leads to the socially optimal outcome, while in the latter no reciprocity at all leads to the worst equilibrium. Under more specific conditions, intermediate equilibria are shown to exist. In the asymmetric case, such equilibria are unfair in the sense that efficient agents offer more to others and enjoy less utility than inefficient ones. Among other extensions discussed, coordination against the Pareto inferior equilibria can be implemented by sequential play which offers a rational explanation why reciprocity has been traditionally seen as sequences of alternating altruistic actions.


Due to the significance of ancient Arabic manuscripts and their role in enriching valuable historical information, this study aims to collect Arabic manuscripts in a dataset and classify its images to predict their authors. We accomplished this study through two main phases. First is the data collection phase. Arabic manuscripts gathered, including 52 Arabic Authors. Second is the models' development phase to extract the visual features from the images and train the networks on them. We built four deep learning models named: MobileNetV1, DenseNet201, ResNet50, and VGG19. We configured the models by tuning their learning hyperparameters toward optimizing their recognition process. Afterward, we performed a comparative analysis between all the models to measure their performance. Eventually, we reached that minimizing the learning rate, combining "Sigmoid" with "Softmax", and increasing the number of neurons on the final classification dense layer improved the networks' recognition performance significantly since all utilized deep learning models reached above 95% validation accuracy.


Rotated mechanical equipment is the main sources of mechanical vibration on the ship, vibration isolation measures for mechanical equipment is an effective way to cut down the transmission of mechanical vibration to the foundation of hull structure. The effect of vibration isolation is related to the first frequency of the vibration isolation system. This paper studies the first natural frequency of elastic installation equipment with or without pipeline system, analyzes the influence of pipelines on the first frequency, the results show that equipment has same vertical frequency under different centre of equipment without pipelines conditions, horizontal and vertical pipeline has different influence on frequency, horizontal pipeline reduce vertical frequency, but vertical pipeline can increase vertical frequency, new frequency appear when equipment connect with horizontal pipeline.


Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication is called a factorial ANOVA with two factors. It is used to test if there is a significant difference between means of several sets of data (groups) dependable on two independent factors. It is applied when we have one measurement variable and two nominal variables (usually called 'factors' or 'main effects'). In this chapter hypotheses and assumptions of the method are given. Then the example of the procedure of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication is described in details. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication is utilized to simultaneously test the effects of varying two variables for a sample which consists of more than one respondent per a certain combination of variables. The example of the procedure of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication is described in details in this chapter. For both procedures the easy to follow examples shows the procedure stepby-step. The practical part includes the guidance for SPSS and for Excel.


This paper presents a novel adaptive technique for audio signal denoising based on the extension of the pointwise Wiener filter through the minimization of the local Fisher information. The solution obtained by the resulting filter can be interpreted as a tradeoff between the minimization of the local mean square error and the minimization of the local observed Fisher information, since it is a linear convex combination of the two conditions. To evaluate the performance of the denoising task we use four quantitative metrics: the Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR), the Improvement in Signal-To-Noise Ratio (ISNR), the Noise-Reduction Ratio (NRR) and the Signal-To-Distortion Ratio (SDR). The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed generalized filter.


The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of back pain in young basketball and floorball players under 21 years of age. The secondary aim was to examine risk factors especially for low back pain (LBP). Nine basketball and nine floorball teams (n = 396) participated in this prospective follow‐up study (2011‐2014). Young athletes (mean age 15.8 ± 1.9) performed physical tests and completed a questionnaire at baseline. The follow‐up lasted 1‐3 years per player. During the follow‐up, back pain reported by the players was registered on a weekly basis and verified by a study physician. The exposure time (AE) on team practices and games was recorded by the coach. Altogether back pain was reported 61 times by 51 players. The incidence of back pain was 87 per 1000 athlete‐years and 0.4 per 1000 hours of AE. Hamstrings, quadriceps and iliopsoas extensibility and general joint hypermobility were not associated with LBP. Furthermore, no association between LBP and leg extension strength or isometric hip abduction strength asymmetry was found in these young basketball and floorball players. In conclusion, back pain can lead to a considerable time‐loss from training and competition among young basketball and floorball players and the pain tends to reoccur. Lower extremity muscle extensibility, general joint hypermobility or investigated lower extremity strength measures were not associated with the risk of LBP.


This paper introduces a new kinematic architecture called the hybrid kinematic machine. A hybrid kinematic machine typically consists of a position mechanism and an orientation mechanism that can be arranged in series or in parallel to achieve the notion of modular and reconfigurable machining centers. To demonstrate the concept, four parallel manipulators with translational motion characteristics have been identified. The kinematics of these mechanisms are described. Then, the well-conditioned workspace of each mechanism is maximized, and the stiffness properties are mapped. A comparison of the workspace volume and stiffness properties of these four mechanisms indicates that the 3-RUU manipulator appears to be the best design among the four architectures.


Aim of the study: to evaluate prognostic value of baseline lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) and its modification (mLIPI) for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).Material and methods. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, platelets, and fibrinogen level were collected from 133 patients treated with ICI in monotherapy or combination between July 2015 and July 2022 in N.N. Blokhin NMRCO. According to evaluating factors patients were divided into three groups of "good" (LIPI 0/mLIPI 0–1), "intermediate" (LIPI 1/mLIPI 2–3) and "poor" prognosis (LIPI 2/mLIPI 4–5). The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS).Results. The median PFS for the LIPI groups were 9.7 months (1.4–17.9; 95 % CI), 7.9 months (5.9–9.9; CI 95 %) and 6.0 months (4.07–7.93; 95 % CI) in the "good", "intermediate" and "poor" prognosis groups, respectively; the hazard ratio (HR) for patients in the "poor" prognosis group (17 patients) was 2.02 (1.06–3.84; 95 % CI) compared with the "good" LIPI group (p=0.03). The median PFS for mLIPI groups were 9.0 months (4.53–13.47; 95 % CI), 8.0 months (5.4–10.6; CI 95 %) and 2.0 months. (1.33–2.67; 95 % CI) in the "good", "intermediate" and "poor" prognosis groups, respectively. The HR for patients in the "poor" prognosis group (n=12) was 3.12 (1.51–6.46; 95 % CI) compared with the "good" mLIPI group (p=0.002).Conclusion. Baseline LIPI and mLIPI predicts potential resistance to ICI treatment in mNSCLC patients.


Conversational goal is an important element of speech situation in language communication. It plays a decisive role in the choice of pragmatic principles and their maxims, whose correct choice in turn helps to promote the conduction of conversational goal.


Abstract A simplified procedure has been developed to optimize the molding processes of thermosetting resins. The proposed methodology involves the classical finite element commercial package (NISA II v. 17). Here, the theoretical background and numerical implementation of the procedure are described. Various design variables that can describe the RIM are discussed. The solved example represents the influence of the heating regime on the curing process. The results are compared with the results obtained with the use of full analysis conducted with the aid of the finite volume analysis (filling and curing stages). They demonstrate the evident advantages of using the simplified optimization approach.


How has the structure of the metropolitan government influenced the policies of regularization of informal settlements in Bogota, Buenos Aires, and Brasilia in the last decade? This question is the main issue that the present essay seeks to solve through the study of the regularization policies of informal settlements in Bogota, Buenos Aires, and Brasilia, in urban contexts. It is hypothesized that the fragmentation of forms of municipal government in the three metropolitan areas has reinforced a deficit of citizenship in informal settlements, as the process of urban segregation deepens and the lack of access to public services and goods. Public policies against the informal city generate fragmented forms of metropolitan government, which in a way prevent a full articulation of the different levels of government to treat informal settlements as urban problems. Thus, there is a rupture between Buenos Aires and the neighboring municipalities of the Province. While in Bogota it is imposed the authority of the capital and a process of regional, rather than metropolitan, integration —which blocks the dominant role of municipal governments—, in Brasilia, for its part, a metropolitan government has been formalized, but the political and administrative power is concentrated in the central city. This scenario deepens the segregation of the inhabitants of informal settlements in metropolitan areas of the cities studied.


Plant diversity has the potential to conserve beneficials and thereby naturally controlling arthropod pests. Beneficials' activity can be increased by pollen-rich plant species. Here we aimed to develop innovative viticultural systems that naturally control arthropod pests, by increasing plant diversity within vineyards planting of selected cover crops. The experimental vineyards were set-up in Chablis (France), Piacenza (Italy), Murfatlar (Romania), Manče (Slovenia), Valencia (Spain) and Nyon (Switzerland). Each vineyard was divided in a traditional and innovative subplot and monitored in 2019 and 2020. The effect of cover crops on arthropods was assessed according to a common protocol using visual samplings and specific traps. Analysing the obtained data, there were no statistically significant differences in the abundance of sampled arthropod pests in the innovative and the traditional systems. Yet, two of five studied pest species tended to be less abundant in the innovative systems. Regarding arthropod beneficials, flying parasitoids and bees tended to benefit from the planting of cover crops in the innovative compared to the traditional systems. Alike, predators such as spiders and carabids were more abundant in vineyards with understorey vegetation. Overall, the arthropod biodiversity seems to benefit from the planting of cover crops but without necessarily favouring pest suppression.


Knee OA affects more frequently both joints. The involvement of the medial compartment involves an axis deviation of both limbs. The solution allows unicompartmental prosthetic restoration of articular defect and the axis of the patient9s physiological load. Many studies have shown that the simultaneous prosthetic solution, compared to excellent results as regards the functional rehabilitation, increases the perioperative risks. Our experience with robotic surgery (Makoplasty), allowed us to show that this procedure reduces maximally perioperative risks, given the less invasive procedure compared to traditional methods, and how can ensure the same clinical result in the two joints in terms of restoration of joint biomechanics that of the axis of load.


This paper shows how property rights security improves over time as a result of increasing legal quality and political democratization in a political economy context, where political and legal institutions adapt to evolving factor composition of land and capital in the dynamic economic development process. There seems to exist a clear sequence of di⁄erent forms of protection in that it is unlikely to have a strong rule of law with an exploitative political regime, or to have a democratic political system when the distribution of potential coercive power is too skewed. The routine form of protection thus shifts from coercion to politics and then to law. The predictions of the model are consistent with general historical patterns in England.


Abstract Goat κ -casein in the reduced state, probably the natural state, has a mobility on acrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9, very close to that of the β -caseins. The goat κ -casein was identified by clotting with rennin, by specific changes in the electrophoretic pattern after rennin action, and by nonprecipitation with calcium ions. It stabilized goat α s -casein so that α s -casein was not precipitated with calcium ions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of goat κ -casein in some cases gave a single band (together with identifiable contaminants), and, in other cases, gave a multiplicity of slower-moving bands. In all cases only a single major band was observed when the κ -casein was reduced with mercaptoethanol. Components with the mobilities of para- κ -casein were present in considerable amounts in some preparations of κ -casein.


Introduction The stage-history of King Henry IV To the reader Title-page of the Quarto of 1598 The First Part of King Henry IV The copy for the texts of 1598 and 1623 Notes on 1 Henry IV Parallels from Nashe Glossary.