We review the literature on the diversification-performance (D-P) relationship to a) propose that the time is ripe for a renewed attack on understanding the relationship between diversification and firm performance, and b) outline a new approach to attacking the question. Our paper makes four main contributions. First, through a review of the literature we establish the inherent complexities in the D-P relationship and the methodological challenges confronted by the literature in reaching its current conclusion of a non-linear relationship between diversification and performance. Second, we argue that to better guide managers the literature needs to develop along a complementary path – whereas past research has often focused on answering the big question of does diversification affect firm performance, this second path would focus more on identifying the precise micro-mechanisms through which diversification adds or subtracts value. Third, we outline a new approach to the investigation of this topic, based on (a) identifying the precise underlying mechanisms through which diversification affects performance; (b) identifying performance outcomes that are "proximate" to the mechanism that the researcher is studying, and (c) identifying an appropriate research design that can enable a causal claim. Finally, we outline a set of directions for future research.


These days, developing various types of products with the short lead-time is needed for diversification of needs of consumers. Moreover, it is quite important to cope with environmental problems. The idea of the modular design is attracts an attention that has the possibility of solving above-mentioned problems. In this paper, the method of supporting modular design on the conceptual design stage is proposed. First, we defined relationship between the function and the arrangement of conceptual parts. Secondary, we proposed modular design process on the conceptual design as five steps; those are "description of function tree structure", "behaviour flow according to functional aspect", "construction of conceptual parts", "synthesis to modular structure", and "verification for modular structure". While first two steps are related mainly to the function of the product, the third one is done by using the information of the product function, qualitative attributes of conceptual entities, and the arrangement rules derived from the functional aspects. On synthesis to modular structure step, combinations of parts are evaluated from various aspects obtained by previous three steps, and the modularization is done according to the result of evaluation. On the last step, whether the modularization result meets the restriction requirement and the satisfaction requirement is evaluated. We also developed the pilot system for supporting the modular design process with proposed approach, and the applicability of the proposal method was examined.


The monograph is written by a team of authors and based on the results of "The possibilities of artificial intelligence in improving the information educational space of the regions of Russia" thematic platform's work within the XX All-Russian Conference and the XXX All-Russian school and seminar "Integration of Russian universities into the world educational and scientific space, taking into account regional peculiarities", as well as on the basis of regular meetings within the virtual laboratory on artificial intelligence and robotics research. The discussion was held in a format combined with a Southern Branch of the Interregional Public Organization "Academy of Informatization of Education" (SB AIE) meeting. The discussion was devoted to the modern information technologies, software, artificial intelligence application, digitalization in educational organizations within the implementation of educational activities and parenting process.
The proposed materials can be useful to specialists of the Department of the education system of Russia and its regions, employees of federal and regional authorities and management, as well as regional associations of academic mobility.


The utility model relates to the plug-in machine technology field, and especially relates to a plug-in machine translation mechanism of an electronic element. The plug-in machine translation mechanism includes a machine frame body which is provided with a plug-in head translation mechanism, a moving plate mechanism, and a bending angle pedestal translation mechanism arranged below the moving plate mechanism. The plug-in head translation mechanism includes a head pedestal and a Y directional head translation mechanism. The bending angle pedestal translation mechanism includes a bottom pedestal and a Y directional pedestal translation mechanism. The plug-in head translation mechanism also includes an X directional head translation mechanism, and the bending angle pedestal translation mechanism also includes an X directional pedestal translation mechanism. The plug-in machine translation mechanism greatly increases the matching accuracy of a head mechanism and a bending angle device to pin jacks on a PCB, reduces the rejection ratio of a plug-in machine, and improves the plug-in quality and the working efficiency of the plug-in machine, so the practicality is strong.


The mechanical response to winding and electromagnetic loads of the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) superconducting coil pack is presented. The 375-ton (3300 N) MFTF Yin-Yang magnet, presently the world's largest superconducting magnet, is scheduled for acceptance cold-testing in May of 1981. The assembly is made up of two identical coils which together contain over 15 miles (24 km) of superconductor wound in 58 consecutive layers of 24 turns each. Topics associated with mechanical behavior include physical properties of the coil pack and its components, winding pre-load effects, finite element analysis, magnetic load redistribution, and the design impact of predicted conductor motion.


Lucy Jolin talks to Janet Langhorne about the process of organizing next year's annual Practice Nurse Conference in Guildford, Surrey.


This paper reports selective acetone sensing portrayed by functionalized nano-porous silicon (PS). Functionalization of nanostructure was performed using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). Nano-PS fabrication and morphology analysis were done using electrochemical etching and SEM respectively. Optical properties of PS were analyzed using Raman and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Parallel aluminium electrodes were formed on nano-PS surface using thermal evaporation technique. These electrodes were used for recording electrical measurements from porous surface in presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and moisture. Resistance variations due to interaction of sensing surface with different concentrations of ethanol, acetone, moisture and isopropyl alcohol vapors were monitored at room temperature. Various sensor parameters were calculated like sensitivity, response- and recovery-time. Sensor based on functionalized nano-PS was found to be most responsive for acetone in comparison to other VOCs or moisture. Since, acetone is one of the important metabolite components in the circulated blood of the human body therefore, its concentration determination is necessary. The approach for selective sensing presented in this work is simple and low cost.


First, the good news on transparency. Drug company Merck is following Eli Lilly's lead by publishing details of fees paid to experts for speaking on behalf of the company or its products (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4409). GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer have promised to follow suit. If drug companies were also to publish details of grants made to patient groups, along with the raw data from their research studies, then truly we would have entered a golden age.

The bad news on transparency is that certain NHS trusts' idea of a golden age is one where tongues can be ripped out and mouths stitched up. Jonathan Gornall documents the …


Panel discussion.

Taking leave from the works in Corinne Silva's solo exhibition, Garden State, this panel discussion with Brenna Bhandar, Jennifer Gabrys, Uriel Orlow, chaired by Shela Sheikh, will explore the act of gardening as a tool for the assertion of power, control and identity. Moving from the specificity of the Israeli colonization and occupation of the Palestine Territories to geopolitics on a global scale, the panel will probe issues such as classification, modernization, indigeneity, homeland, land rights and dispossession from the point of view of history, visual cultures, postcolonialism, law, geography, environmental studies and landscaping/urbanism.

Panelists will address the place of gardening – and, more broadly, cultivation and planting – within both the historical phenomenon of colonialism and ongoing, contemporary structures of coloniality. Furthermore, the panel will explore the roles that various technologies, including photography and acoustics, play in the registration, revelation and contestation of such colonising and discriminatory practices.


Alter, Robert, and Frank Kermode, eds. The Literary Guide to the Bible. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, [19871 1990. 678 pp. $29.95 (cloth); $14.95 (paper). Alvarado, Manuel, and John O. Thompson, eds. The Media Reader. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. 364 pp. $45.00 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). Badran, Margot, and Miriam Cooke, eds. Opening the Gates: A Century of Arab Feminist Writing. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. 448 pp. $39.95 (cloth); $17.50 (paper). Bakhtin, M. M. Art and Answerability: Early Philosophical Essays. Trans. Vadim Liapunov. Ed. Michael Holquist and Vadim Liapunov. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. 332 pp. $35.00. Baldick, Chris. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. 246 pp. $19.95. Baranczak, Stanislaw. Breathing under Water and Other East European Essays. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990. 258 pp. $22.50. Battersby, Christine. Gender and Genius: Towards a Feminist Aesthetics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. 192 pp. $25.00 (cloth); $9.95 (paper). Bergonzi, Bernard. Exploding English: Criticism, Theory, Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. 240 pp. $29.95. Bowersock, G. W. Hellenism in Late Antiquity. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1990. 109 pp. Boyne, Roy, and Rattansi, Ali, eds. Postmodernism and Society. London:


Background: This study examined the intergenerational effects of being exposed to childhood maltreatment (CM) and prenatal inti-mate partner violence (p-IPV) on perinatal mental distress and birth outcomes in central Vietnam. Methods: A birth cohort study in Hue City, Vietnam was conducted with 150 women in the third trimester of pregnancy (Wave 1) and three months after childbirth (Wave 2). Using multivariable logistic regression models, augmented inverse-probability-weighted estima- tors and structural equation modelling (SEM), we analyzed a theo-retical model by evaluating adjusted risk differences and pathways between CM, p-IPV and subsequent perinatal adversity and indica- tors of infant health problems. Results: One in two pregnant women experienced at least one form of CM (55.03%) and one in ten pregnant women experienced both CM and p-IPV (10.67%). Mothers who experienced p-IPV or wit-nessed IPV as a child were approximately twice as likely to experi- ence poor mental health during pregnancy [ARR 1.94, 95% CI (1.20-3.15)]. Infants had a two-fold higher risk of adverse birth out- comes (low birth weight, preterm birth, admission to neonatal inten-sive care) [ARR 2.45 95% CI (1.42, 4.25)] if their mothers experienced any form of p-IPV, with greater risk if their mothers were exposed to both CM and p-IPV [ARR 3.45 95% CI (1.40,


A positive perspective of the brief narrative in Genesis 19:30-38 concerning Lot and his daughters can be gained from a feminist narrative analysis of the text. The alternate reading in this article argues that an ancient tale of events in a mountain cave on the edge of the Dead Sea valley provides not only an aetiology of the Moabite and Ammonite nations, but it also presents a concise but powerful depiction of two women who defy convention for what they perceive to be a life-saving action, namely, the preservation of their father's family line (toledoth). The character of Lot's assertive firstborn daughter as it emerges through her words and actions reveals traits of the Trickster and Wise Woman of traditional ancient near eastern folklore. These contradictory traits epitomise the ambivalence that underlies the narrative as a whole. A hermeneutic of suspicion and retrieval provides the foundation for this alternate reading of a difficult text.


A robustly stable index finger control algorithm is presented which allows a robotic hand to learn from experience. The proposed algorithm considers a specific case of environment interaction that requires simultaneous motion and posture control of the manipulator. In preliminary experiments, hand motion profiles of ten human test subjects were recorded while running their hands over a contoured surface. It was observed that participants simultaneously adapted to the contour of the surface while maintaining consistent hand posture. Results from these experiments were used to create a human response model that the manipulator learned to mimic by varying the feedback configurations to the motor controllers of the index finger. Results verify that the variable feedback configuration (VFC) control algorithm produces more biomimetic motion by reducing the difference between the response of the robotic hand and the human model. Three trials were conducted with the VFC controller, with sequential improvements in human model error reduction and robotic hand posture seen in each trial.


Sparse representation is a new hot technique in recent years. The two-phase test sample sparse representation method (TPTSSR) achieved an excellent performance in face recognition. In this paper, a kernel two-phase test sample sparse representation method (KTPTSSR) is proposed. Firstly, the input data are mapped into an implicit high-dimensional feature space by a nonlinear mapping function. Secondly, the data are analyzed by means of the TPTSSR method in the feature space. If an appropriate kernel function and the corresponding kernel parameter are selected, a test sample can be accurately represented as the linear combination of the training data with the same label information of the test sample. Therefore, the proposed method could have better recognition performance than TPTSSR. Experiments on the face databases demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.


[1] A set of statistical analyses of the fields from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA-40) are carried out to investigate the connections between three selected fields, namely, the wintertime western Pacific jet stream (WPJS), as represented by the zonal wind at 200 hPa; the oceanic surface heating represented by the latent and sensible heat fluxes; and the synoptic-scale transient eddy activity (STEA) over the North Pacific. First, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed to characterize the wintertime WPJS variability. Further analyses yield the following conclusions. (1) The most dominant relationship among the three selected fields is strongly linked to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During ENSO events, anomalous zonal wind at 200 hPa downstream of the WPJS main body, shown in the first EOF, is accompanied by STEA anomalies around the region of the anomalous midlatitude zonal wind. (2) The strengthening (weakening) of the wintertime WPJS main body, shown in the second EOF, is connected to the surface heating anomalies in the Kuroshio and its extension region as well as to STEA anomalies in the region downstream of the WPJS main body. (3) The northward (southward) shift of the wintertime WPJS, represented in the third EOF, is closely related to the south-north dipolar structure of the surface heating anomalies in the western North Pacific. The STEA spatial displacement is in conjunction with the shift of the jet stream in the same direction due to the dynamical connection between the winds and the eddies. Furthermore, the STEA anomalies in winter may cause the WPJS anomalies on the submonthly timescale. As a consequence, the northward (southward) shift of the STEA is harmoniously in favor of the similar jet shift.


Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial cancer. It is more common in women and usually develops in apocrine gland-bearing areas, Less frequenly, EMPD can affect males in the anogenital area. EMPD may present with a focal, multifocal, or an ectopic lesion. We report a case of a 56-year-old male with extra-mammary Paget's disease.


A quasifluid formalism designed to capture some effects of cyclotron interactions is presented. Starting from the contractions of exact moments of the Vlasov equation, a closure for cyclotron interactions is achieved by using kinetic information directly. This nonperturbative approach does not require a priori assumptions about zeroth‐order particle velocity distributions. The nonlinear coupling between field‐aligned particle thermal velocities and transverse cyclotron wave and thermal motions are described by off‐diagonal elements of the pressure tensor. These elements are related to the growth and damping of cyclotron wave energy. A functional form for an effective wave–particle momentum transport coefficient is derived from the requirement of consistency between the energy and momentum moment equations, but its specific magnitude and sign, determined by threshold temperature anisotropy levels, must be input from kinetic theory. This effective transport coefficient has a nondefinite sign, reminiscent of...


Abstract : In Phase 1 we investigated a case-based reasoning (CBR) approach to Operator Assessment and Operator Machine Interface Enhancement for the LAMPS SH-60R Multi Mission Helicopter Upgrade (MMHU). We Developed a limited prototype case-based Operator Assessment and Operator Machine Interface Enhancement System (OA/OMIES), for the SH-60R sensor operator for a small subset of ASW situations. We developed a generic OA/OMIES architecture applicable in many other domains. The OA/OMIES tests operator knowledge through the use of tactical scenarios, derives the operators mental model based on his deficiencies revealed in the mental model. The prototype implementation provided and absolute proof by example of the feasibility of our ideas. The case-based approach offers the further benefits of automatically of semi-automatically generating the operators mental model and of the largely circumventing the difficult and time consuming process of constructing and explicit expert mental model. Our approach could be easily extended to constitute and Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for the SH-60R as well.


Height and diameter of white spruce clones were measured over two growing seasons in a forest nursery and for 4 more yr at two field sites. Clonal heritability (Hc 2) was moderate and stable in the nursery, but decreased with age, reaching 0.26 and 0.11 for height and 0.14 and 0.04 for diameter, respectively, at the two field sites. Height exhibited weak to moderate Hc 2 and strong genotypic correlations with the different growth characteristics. The strong age-age genotypic correlations (≥0.809) and nursery-plantation correlations (≥0.347) for height indicate that selection for height can be conducted at a young age thus reducing the costs of clonal tests.


The design community has to switch over from Register Transfer Level (RTL) to higher abstraction level to design a digital circuit since the design complexity of digital circuits and System on Chip (SoC) are swelling. This increasing complexity and recent advancement in on-chip circuit has paved the way for High Level Synthesis (HLS) improvement (precisely for FPGA). The commercial HLS in earlier stage were unsuccessful due to may reason, however the recent HLS tools are developed to support in various means, such as, covering maximum language, modeling the design based on the platform, an enhancement in the algorithm, targeting domain-specific and technology-based implementation. The approach to select the HLS tool among the various tools available based on result quality (i.e. QoR), capabilities and usability are assessed in this paper. The industries are accepting the HLS tools in their design flow since the tools are progressing steadily.


The invention relates to a method for cutting materials using a laser beam, which emerges from a cutting head comprising a cutting nozzle with an inner edge and is absorbed by the cutting front. The axis of the laser beam is displaced in relation to a workpiece along a cutting line with a fixed orientation in the cutting direction of said workpiece. The method is characterised in that the position (p) of the cutting head is modulated with regard to its temporal average value, or that the laser power and gas pressure in the cutting head are modulated.


We report continuous, multiple-day measurements of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of several C-band channels on an installed 1800-km terrestrial link. The PDL varies on a time-scale of hours, and the PDL of adjacent channels often track.


Trouble-shooter Maureen Chadwick is helping diabetes patients to get the care they deserve – with the launch of a new business


The NMR. spectra of the five monomethylazulenes and of some polysubstituted azulenes, as well as those of their conjugate acids (azulenium cations), are recorded. It is shown that protonation of azulenes lacking C2v symmetry leads to a tautomeric equilibrium of two conjugate acids. The position of this tautomeric equilibrium is in essential agreement with the one previously predicted from the UV. spectra on the basis of a MO treatment.


How much risk, and what types of risk, is the Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS) taking? This is a critical question for universities across the UK and many of their employees. Will the fund have enough money to pay for all our pensions? Will it run out? Or is there a significant risk that we are collectively overpaying? You might have thought that these questions would also be of interest to the USS Trustee, that oversees the fund for members', or The Pensions Regulator, that regulates it. However, curiously, while the USS has published a plethora of incoherent statistics and opaque analyses, neither it or TPR have bothered to publish estimates of the risk of the scheme defaulting. In September 2021, David Miles and James Sefton, Professors of Financial Economics at Imperial College Business School, stepped into this vacuum, publishing 'How much risk is the USS taking?' [2]. The paper presents important, accessible and highly readable analysis which estimates how likely the USS is to default over time. Their work is particularly relevant to the current UCU dispute with 69 employers over the benefit cuts that Universities UK (UUK) is planning to implement on the basis of the 2020 USS valuation. In this Brief, we assess the assumptions, replicate the results, explore further their model and consider potential extensions. We demonstrate that for a cautious model with reasonable assumptions for assets and asset growth, the fund has a less than 7% chance of defaulting for the duration that pensions promises are due, but a greater than 80% chance of being over funded by at least £100bn, and nearly 50% chance of having over £400bn. We offer warm thanks to David Miles and James Sefton for sharing their code and data, for their helpful conversations and clarification. Their analysis is infinitely clearer, better and more credible than anything the USS has produced. We hope this Brief will be the beginning of more work in this area. All errors are our own.


The paper proposed a conceptual model of integrated cultivation and reprocessing of rapeseed for biodiesel for innovative projects newly established agricultural holdings or modernization of existing farms. The model allows access to development management features innovative projects for the production of synthetic biofuels for their own use farms and agricultural holdings.


Dendrobium officinale is a valuable Chinese herbal material,widely used in fields of food and medical care. Development of germplasm resources research and breeding of D. officinale were summarized by citing literatures in recent 20 years. Scholars carefully studied the morphological identification,molecular identification,analysis of agronomic characters and component analysis,laying down a foundation for the work of future breeding research. New varieties of D. officinale were obtained by selective breeding,cross breeding,mutation breeding,ploidy breeding and other conventional breeding methods. Molecular mark assisted breeding,transgenic breeding and other modern biotechnologies would become the key works of breeding from now on. This paper also put forward some questions and prospects during the breeding,to provide reference for germplasm improvement of D. officinale in the future.


Total leukonychia is a rare nail disorder that may be inherited or associated with systemic disease or idiopathic where the aetiology cannot be established. Herein, we report idiopathic total leukonychia in two young healthy men, presenting with leukonychia of fingernails since childhood. The cause for leukonychia could not be established in both of them as there was negative family and drug history and there was no evidence of systemic disease.


Commercial rheometers typically rely on internal data acquisition and correlation systems to generate dynamic mechanical test results. This approach has the advantage of being integrated with the rest of the instrument hardware and software control systems, but limits the overall performance of the system to the capabilities of the internal electronics and processing firmware. This limitation is not an issue at low test frequencies, where the time required to obtain a data point is related to the period of oscillation, but at higher tests frequencies data rates generally top out at about 1-2 points per second regardless of measurement frequency. For most materials this limitation is not a problem, since the rheological properties of most materials generally do not change that rapidly over time, and maximum temperature ramping rates tend to be limited by the thermal mass of the material and test fixtures rather than data acquisition rates. There are, however, classes of reactive systems (for example UV cures) that undergo very large changes in viscoelastic properties in a relatively short period of time. In this case performance of most rheometers is not sufficient to accurately model the kinetics of these materials. In this paper a new approach to fast rheological measurements will be discussed where an off-the-shelf external Analog to Digital conversion system is integrated with rheometer control and analysis software, and used to obtain dynamic mechanical data at rates of over 60 points per second. This technique is only applicable to rheometers using separate motor and transducers, where the analog voltages corresponding to measured torque and motor displacement are readily accessible. INTRODUCTION Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a well-known method used to measure the viscoelastic properties of materials such as polymers and structured fluid systems. Unlike conventional viscometer measurements, DMA allows for the measurement of both the viscous and elastic properties of the materials being tested. This information can be used for such things as to gain insight in the processing behavior of molten polymers, and the end-use properties of high-performance engineering plastics. DMA can also be used to look at structured fluids such as paste and foodstuffs, and correlations can be made between these properties and factors such as "mouth feel" in the case of foods, and flow and leveling in the case of paints. In Dynamic Mechanical Analysis a sinusoidal stress or strain signal is imposed on a sample confined to a well-defined geometry. Measurements can be made using either shear geometries (e.g. parallel plate or cone and plate), or in linear geometries (e.g.


Multidimensional databases are the core of business intelligence systems. Their users express complex OLAP queries, often returning large volumes of facts, sometimes providing little or no information. Thus, expressing preferences could be highly valuable in this domain. The OLAP domain is representative of an unexplored class of preference queries, characterized by three peculiarities: preferences can be expressed on both numerical and categorical domains; they can also be expressed on the aggregation level of facts; the space on which preferences are expressed includes both elemental and aggregated facts. In this paper, we present myOLAP, an approach for expressing and evaluating OLAP preferences, devised by taking into account the three peculiarities above. We first propose a preference algebra where users are enabled to express their preferences, besides on attributes and measures, also on the aggregation level of facts, for instance, by stating that monthly data are preferred to yearly and daily data. Then, with respect to preference evaluation, we propose an algorithm called WeSt that relies on a novel graph representation where two types of domination between sets of facts may be expressed, which considerably improves efficiency. The approach is extensively tested for efficiency and effectiveness on real data, and compared against two other approaches in the literature.


As examples such as the Monty Hall puzzle show, applying conditioning to update a probability distribution on a "naive space", which does not take into account the protocol used, can often lead to counterintuitive results. Here we examine why. A criterion known as CAR ("coarsening at random") in the statistical literature characterizes when "naive" conditioning in a naive space works. We show that the CAR condition holds rather infrequently. We then consider more generalized notions of update such as Jeffrey conditioning and minimizing relative entropy (MRE). We give a generalization of the CAR condition that characterizes when Jeffrey conditioning leads to appropriate answers, but show that there are no such conditions for MRE. This generalizes and interconnects previous results obtained in the literature on CAR and MRE.


SUMMARY The scientific work of Sir John Herschel during his visit to the Cape in 1834–38 is described. An analysis is made of Herschel's general survey of the southern sky, his reason for carrying it out and the instrumentation and techniques that he employed. Herschel's special studies of Halley's comet, the satellites of Saturn, bright nebulae and stellar photometry are discussed. Herschel's participation in the Cape scientific and social activities is described.


We developed regionalized characterization factors (CFs) for human health damage from particulate 21 matter (PM2.5) and ozone, and for damage to vegetation from ozone, at the global scale. These factors 22 can be used in the impact assessment phase of an environmental life cycle assessment. CFs express the 23 overall damage of a certain pollutant per unit of emission of a precursor, i.e. primary PM2.5, nitrogen 24 oxides (NO x ), ammonia (NH 3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and non ‐ methane volatile organic compounds 25 (NMVOCs). The global chemical transport model TM5 was used to calculate intake fractions of PM2.5 26 and ozone for 56 world regions covering the whole globe. Furthermore, region ‐ specific effect and 27 damage factors were derived, using mortality rates, background concentrations and years of life lost. The 28 emission ‐ weighted world average CF for primary PM2.5 emissions is 629 yr ∙ kton ‐ 1 , varying up to 3 orders 29 of magnitude over the regions. Larger CFs were obtained for emissions in central Asia and Europe, and 30 smaller factors in Australia and South America. The world average CFs for PM2.5 from secondary 31 aerosols, i.e. NO x , NH 3 , and SO 2 , is 67.2 to 183.4 yr ∙ kton ‐ 1 . We found that the CFs for ozone human health 32 damage are 2 to 4 orders of magnitude lower compared to the CFs for damage due to primary PM2.5 33 and PM2.5 precursor emissions. Human health damage due to the priority air pollutants considered in 34 this study was 1.7 ∙ 10 ‐ 2 yr ∙ capita ‐ 1 worldwide in year 2010, with primary PM2.5 emissions as the main 35 contributor (62%). The emission ‐ weighted world average CF for ecosystem damage due to ozone was 2.5 36 km 2 ∙ yr ∙ kton ‐ 1 for NMVOCs and 8.7 m 2 ∙ yr ∙ kg ‐ 1 for NO x emissions, varying 2 ‐ 3 orders of magnitude over the 37 regions. Ecosystem damage due to the priority air pollutants considered in this study was 1.6 ∙ 10 ‐ 4 38 km 2 ∙ capita ‐ 1 worldwide in 2010, with NO x as the main contributor (72%). The spatial range in CFs stresses 39 the importance of including spatial variation in life cycle impact assessment of priority air pollutants. well as a global model applied, modeling fate of all these precursors and the first factors were derived for photochemical ozone on Our study provides a sound basis for life cycle impact assessment including effects of and photochemical oxidant formation.


Morphea is a fibrosing disorder of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, wherein the overabundant collagen deposition destroys adnexal structures and hair follicles. In linear morphea erythematous or violaceous patches or plaques are seen with central sclerosis and active red border distributed in linear configuration which over time become sclerotic, white or hypopigmented. We report a series of cases encompassing all the three clinical variants of linear morphea. Case one had en coup de sabre deformity, case two had progressive facial hemiatrophy and case three had linear limb morphea with involvement of the face. This series is being reported for its rarity.


"Intertextuality",as a common focus concept in contemporary western semiotics,literary criticism,rhetoric and discourse analysis,Its connotation is different from "huwen"("huwen jianyi ") in Chinese,but with a closely related to quotation,parody,mosaic.


The samples, which were collected in Xiamen and its adjacent areas from August 1999 to July 2000, were studied. The number of samples was 345. Some characteristics of zooplankton communities were show as follows: the composition of zooplankton species, the number of species, the abundance of species, the dominant species of the copepod communities and so on. Based upon these mentioned above, some other characteristics of prawn pond ecosystem were discussed. Furthermore,there is a comparation letween the ecologcal characterstis of the cultured prawn ponds and those of the natural field of Xiamen Sea in the paper.


TPS811Background: Chemotherapy treatment of Colorectal Cancer, usually includes combinations with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU is always combined with Leucovorin, (LV), which significantly enhances the therapeutic effect of 5-FU. The principal mechanisms of action are the same for Modufolin as for LV. However, in contrast to LV, Modufolin does not require metabolic activation to exert its effects - a clear advantage since the activation capacity shows great intra- and inter-individual variability leading to insufficient and unpredictable responses to LV in some patients. Methods: ISO-CC-005 is a multiple-site, international phase I/II study in patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer eligible for 5- FU/LV therapy alone or in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan. The study will investigate the tolerability of Modufolin at four dose levels and is designed as a safety study. Tolerability will be assessed by analysing the number and severity of DLTs associated with the chemotherapeutic agents, adversed e...


For one-dimensional kinetic BGK models, regarded as relaxation models for scalar conservation laws with genuinely nonlinear fluxes, existence of small amplitude traveling waves is proven. Dynamic stability of these kinetic shock profiles is shown by extending a classical energy method for viscous regularizations of conservation laws.


Classical clinical findings of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) include multiple, small white dots scattered throughout the posterior pole, foveal granularity, posterior vitreous cells, and mild optic disc swelling. We describe the case of a 35-year-old man who was admitted to our department with an unusual presentation of MEWDS at the early onset of the disease. A unilateral circumpapillary retinal white spot was observed. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated irregularities of the retinal pigment epithelium and disruptions of the outer retinal layers around the optic nerve without other abnormalities. A few days later, the lesion spread centrifugally from the peripapillary region and along the vascular arcades. This distinctive appearance in an early stage of the disease may suggest a disorder other than MEWDS, which can lead to a misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.


The dielectric properties of nanocomposites composed of epoxy resin host and aluminum nitride (AlN) and boron nitride (BN) nanofillers have been studied in the frequency domain from 10−2 to 106 Hz at different temperatures. The introduction of the ceramic AlN and BN nanoparticles into the epoxy resin is described step by step. To improve the dispersion of the filler in the organic polymer matrix and make the nanoparticles compatible with the host material, a silane coupling agent (SCA) has been used for surface modification. The complex permittivity of AlN-epoxy and BN-epoxy composites has been investigated as a function of filler content.


Rats were fed a fat-free diet with or without soluble dietary fiber in seaweeds, sodium alginate, to investigate the effect of fiber on digestive organs and fat contents of liver and serum under the condition of no fat. Food intake of rats fed on diets with alginate was smaller than that without alginate during the early feeding period, but there was no difference between the rats fed with basal and alginate diets on the final day. Body weight and body weight gain of rats fed with alginate were less than those fed without alginate. Fecal weight of the alginate diet group was the largest. Wet weights of digestive or gans such as liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, cecum, small intestine, and large intestine were not sig nificantly different among each diet group. In the liver, fat concentrations were significantly higher in rats fed without fat than in those fed with fat. The fat content in serum of fat-free diet rats was the highest, whereas that of the alginate diet rats was the lowest.


The article is devoted to testing the hypothesis of Melnyk et al. that companies implementing principles of Lean Management System are more environmentally friendly than those that do not implement them. Melnyk tested his hypothesis in North American companies, where Lean Management System and Green Management System are introduced almost simultaneously. Russian production practice is significantly different from the American one, and Lean manufacturing is significantly ahead of Environmental management principles. To test the hypothesis, a formed sample of a number of Russian manufacturing companies was rather small, but the results were fully confirmed.


As for all of our patients, birds should be assessed to determine their likelihood of surviving both the anaesthetic and procedures to be carried out under anaesthesia (see Evaluation of the Avian Surgical Patient by Anne Fowler in these Proceedings). Ideally this would involve complete history, physical exam, CBC and biochemistry. However the stress these assessments place on the patient must be taken into consideration when deciding what a "minimum database" means for each individual case. Basic assessment of body condition, level of hydration, patency of airway, mucous membrane colour and auscultation of heart and lungs should be carried out in all cases. Where necessary the avian patient should be stabilised medically before anaesthesia is contemplated.


apparent surface anisotropy, similar to liquid crystal alignment. Recently the promising result on self-aligned films has been reported.? New polymer materials have been created with increased transparency in the blue region making it possible to create light modulating and other nonlinear structures for this region, where diode and Nd' lasers second harmonic radiation and Ar' laser are widely used. The lack in electrooptic coefficient can be avoided with application of the resonance structures such as Fabry-Perot interferometer4 or structures using internal total reflection, plasmon resonance, and their combination. Another solution is concluded in waveguide light modulation, where there exists the possibility to extend the length of electrooptic reflection, plasmon resonance, and their combination. Another solution is concluded in waveguide light modulation, where there exists the possibility to extend the length of electrooptic interaction, increasing electro-optical response. Such modulating waveguides could be combined with Fabry-Perot and other resonance structures, still keeping the small size and the availability of high packing density on the substrate surface. Many features could be added to spatial light modulation in combination with diffraction. Controlled diffraction elements added to modulation ones significantly extend the applications area for such modulators-e.g., they could serve in optical neural network as this structure gives a tool for changing and learning of neural links5 Another possibility is to increase the signal/noise (contrast) of modulation with electrooptically controlled difiaction. In this case the contrast could be increased to 100:1 value without complicated resonance structures, those decrease the angle of light acceptance and are significantly influenced by the inhomogeneity of films. Such electrically controlled diffraction modulators are able to modulate light with comparatively high angle of acceptance and do not require polarizing elements. In conclusion, we are reviewing existing and emerging technologies for construction of polymer based spatial light modulators for high speed image and data processing. "Lebedev Physics, Institute, Leninsky 53, Moscow 117924, RUSSIA 1. R. S. Lytel, A. J. Ticknor, Ferris Lipscomb, Electro-optic polymer materials and devices: fundamental limits, SPIE, 1852 168-185 (1993). V. P. Rao, A. K. Jen, Y. M. Cai, New developments in thermally stable second order nonlinear optical chromophores and electro-optic polymers, SPIE 2517, 84-91 (1995). H. Nakayama, R. Matsushima, N. Okamoto, A. Mizuno, 0. Sugihara, C. Egami, Second-order nonlinearity of nonpoled polymeric thin films doped with pyrylium salts with blue window characteristics, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69(19), 2813-2815 (1996). K. Harada, M. Itoh, T. Yatagi, Development of Spatial Light Modulator with Organic Materials-Optical Review, 3(64), 440 (1996). A. Parfenov, N. Tamaoki, K. Harada, 2.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a high concentration of stem cells. According to the present invention, it can be grown in an amount that can be applied to stem cells for clinical in a short period of time, increasing more efficiently efficacy showing the activity reaches the administered stem cells stably target tissue it is possible thereby dramatically enhancing the efficacy of cell therapy using stem cells.


The development of non-technical skills prepares engineering students to adapt to the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world we are currently experiencing. Learning strategies that involve learning by doing could enhance the development of such skills. This study explores the impact of game-based learning on improving a deep understanding of technical knowledge and acquiring non-technical skills in a third-year industrial engineering module at a South African University. The paper employs a qualitative research approach using self-reflective inquiry that describes the practical application of game-based learning and the perceived impact on student learning. The study revealed that game-based learning enhances higher-order thinking skills and strengthens teamwork, providing a platform for the social construction of knowledge. This study highlights the value of integrating game-based learning into engineering education. Future studies include conducting a scholarship of teaching and learning project to investigate students' views on game-based learning's impact on their overall experience.


The outdoor and indoor measurement of natural gamma radiation in Zanjan province (Iran) was made using a Geiger-Muller dosemeter. The average outdoor and indoor dose rates were determined as 127 +/- 20 and 135 +/- 23 nSv h(-1), respectively. The average annual effective dose was calculated as 0.82 mSv, which is more than the same value worldwide.


Using cross-sectional data for 51 banks, this paper not only endeavours to measure the extent of technical efficiency in the Indian domestic banking industry, but also explores the most influential factors explaining its variations across banks. The empirical results show that: only 9 of the 51 banks operating in the financial year 2006-2007 are found to be efficient and, thus, define the efficient frontier of the Indian domestic banking industry; the technical efficiency scores range from 0.505 to 1, with an average of 0.792; de novo private sector banks dominate in the formation of the efficient frontier; managerial inefficiency is the main source of Overall Technical Inefficiency (OTIE) in the Indian domestic banking industry; the efficiency differences between public and private sector banks are not statistically significant; significant differences between large and medium banks appear with regard to Scale Efficiency (SE); exposure to off-balance sheet activities and profitability are the most influential determinants of Overall Technical Efficiency (OTE).


The commonly used control method can not effectively control the circulating fluidized bed boiler which needs a coordinated control system with distribution parameters, non-linearity, time- dependence, and long time lags. The dynamic properties of the circulating fluidized bed boiler were analyzed to develop a new control system based on fuzzy control theory and generalized forecast control theory. A fuzzy controller is used in the control loop. The boiler bed temperature is coordinated with the main steam pressure using the forecast guidance system which can decouple coordination. This new control system which can effectively control circulating fluidized bed boiler has been applied in practice.


The status of field medical equipment is introduced.It is pointed out that the informationization level of the existing field medical equipment is low,and the automation,digitization,internetization,and intelligentizaion of field medical equipment can be realized progressively by integrating the digital communication technology,automatic control technology,and medical image processing technology with the existing field medical equipment.


Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoea (GC) are the two most common bacterial STIs. Screening for CT and/or GC, is recommended in many countries. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is also high and negative consequences of untreated infection may be serious. Inclusion of TV as part of a combination assay would facilitate screening of these STI. Here we evaluated the performance of the BD MAX CT/GC/TV assay compared to currently available assays for these STI. Methods Eight STD and Family Planning clinics enrolled participants for this study. Vaginal and endocervical swabs, and female and male urine specimens were obtained from 1854 women and 843 men. Female samples were used for evaluation of the BD MAX CT/GC/TV assays while male urine was used only for CT/GC evaluation. BD MAX CT/GC/TV results were compared to the Aptima Combo 2 ® CT/GC; BD ProbeTec TM CT/GC; BD Viper TM CT Q x /GC Q x ; TV microscopy and culture. Participants were classified as infected if at least one positive result from each of 2 comparator assays were obtained. Positive wet mount and/or culture results were used as evidence of TV infection for women only. Results Among women, 7.3%, 2.4% and 14.7% were infected with CT, GC and TV, respectively. Among men the rates were 22.0% and 14.6% for CT and GC. The BD MAX CT/GC/TV assay detected 92.2–99.2%, 94.9–95.1% and 92.9–96.1% of CT, GC and TV infections among women, depending on specimen type, and 96.6% and 99.1% among men. The specificity for all organisms and sample types was >98.5%. Discussion In this US multi-site study, the prevalence of TV infection was high, demonstrating the benefit of screening women for TV as well as GC and CT. The BD MAX CT/GC/TV assay performance allows combined testing for all 3 STI among women and CT/GC from male urine. Financial disclosure This study was funded by BD Diagnostics.


In this talk I will briefly outline work in progress in two different contexts in astrophysical relativity, i.e. the study of rotating star spacetimes and the problem of reliably extracting gravitational wave templates in numerical relativity. In both cases the use of Weyl scalars and curvature invariants helps to clarify important issues.


Micro Position and Orientation System (POS) is the key motion compensation equipment of low-cost airborne remote sensing system, which is developed based on Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrated navigation technology. However, due to the low-precision of Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope and accelerometer, micro POS is difficult to realize self-alignment and long-time high-precision navigation. To solve this problem, a micro position and orientation system based on dual antenna for airborne remote sensing is designed and developed. The system is composed of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) based on MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer, and GNSS with dual antenna. Firstly, the initial alignment is carried out based on accelerometers and dual antenna. Then, the navigation information is updated by inertial navigation algorithm, and the Kalman filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel (R-T-S) smoother are used to estimate inertial error and improve navigation precision. Finally, flight experiment results indicate that micro POS has a great performance.


The transition to parenthood is a topic of substantial interest to family researchers across the social sciences, and many theoretical paradigms have been invoked to understand how it affects men's and women's lives. While early empirical scholarship on the transition to parenthood relied on cross-sectional data and methods, the increasing availability of panel data has opened up new analytical pathways—including the possibility to track the same individuals over time as they approach and experience parenthood and their children grow older. By making full use of longitudinal data, researchers can both improve estimation of the consequences of parenthood, as well as advance knowledge by testing more nuanced and complex theoretical premises involving time dynamics. In this article, I present an overview of panel regression models, a family of specifications that can be leveraged for these purposes. In doing so, I discuss the data requirements, advantages and disadvantages of different models, pointing to useful examples of published research. The approaches considered include random effects and fixed effects panel regression models, specifications to model linear and nonlinear time dynamics, and specifications to handle dyadic data structures. The use of these techniques is exemplified via an application considering the effect of motherhood on time pressure using long-running panel data from an Australian national sample, the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (n = 68,911 observations; 10,734 women).


experience and its false or specious forms. Naturally enough Dr. Minear's approach at this point is more difficult to follow. Nevertheless it proves to be extraordinarily rewarding. The subtle and elusive line between prophecy and apocalyptic appears in much clearer light when viewed as a problem "of decision and suffering" rather than as a problem "of thought and speculation" (p. 239). Thus the nature of Biblical eschatology is illuminated by the character of Biblical experience. Under the aspect of Messiah's coming the New Testament apostle sees the perspective of the faithful revolutionized. This requires "The Revision of Vision" (Part Four). All the possible "radii of the disciple's experience," as, for example, death and life, freedom and fellowship, memory and hope, are now seen in terms of the center and circumference of Christ's Kingdom. Thus interpreted Christian faith is seen to be not "something self-produced, but rather a newly defined self which God creates" (p. 294). It may be safely predicted that this book will come to be recognized as a landmark in the history of Biblical interpretation. It shows what a difference is made when one really sees the Bible through biblically-focused eyes. It describes the Biblical perspective with remarkable fidelity and power.


Traditional brushless DC motor controller usually uses the DSP or 8 /16 bit microcontrollers. The control precision of DSP controller is high,but the price is expensive and the control circuit is complex; the cost of 8 /16 bits microcontroller is low,while the performance is limited,which is not appropriate to write complex algorithm and has poor control accuracy. Due to the shortcoming,this paper designed a control system of three-phase brushless DC motor which made STM32F103VET6 of STMicroelectronics as the controller and adopted the double loop control system which consisted of current loop and speed loop. The speed loop adopted the fuzzy PID algorithm and the current loop adopted conventional PI algorithm. The system performance is good and can meet industrial demand under a given accuracy through the experimental verification.


Our transgenic (Tg) strain carrying copies of the human c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene is highly susceptible to 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]an‐thracene (DMBA)‐induced mammary carcinogenesis, possibly due to activation of the transgene, and can be used in medium‐term bioassay models to test for modifying effects of estrogenic environmental compounds on tumor development. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary feeding of the endocrine disruptors atrazine and nonylphenol on DMBA‐induced carcinogenesis in c‐Ha‐ras Tg rats. Animals of both sexes were given a single oral dose of DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight) at 50 days of age and thereafter received soybean‐free diet containing 5, 50 or 500 ppm atrazine, or 10, 25, 100 or 250 ppm nonylphenol. In female Tg rats, atrazine at a dose of 5 ppm increased the incidences of mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas (P<0.01 and P<0.05), while 50 ppm increased the adenocarcinoma incidence (P<0.05). In males, skin tumor development, in contrast, was significantly decreased at the highest dose. Nonylphenol at 10 ppm increased adenocarcinoma and total mammary tumor multiplicity in female Tg rats (P<0.05), but there was no dose dependence, a significant quadratic dose‐response trend rather being observed (P<0.05). In vitro, atrazine did not cause proliferation of MCF‐7 cells at any of a range of doses tested. These results suggest that endocrine disruptors may enhance mammary carcinogenesis, but only in a certain limited dose range under the present experimental conditions. The doses applied, moreover, were all extremely high compared to the possible environmental human exposure levels.


The availability and cost of antibiotics for treating pelvic inflammatory disease PID were assessed in 17 drug dispensing outlets in 5 districts of the Central Region, Ghana. The outlets included the dispensaries of 2 regional and 4 district hospitals, 4 privately owned pharmacies and 7 chemical seller shops. The most common antibiotics available, including co trimoxazole, metronidazole, benzylpenicillin, amoxycillin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, were also the lowest priced drugs. Conversely, the most expensive antibiotics including ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and spectinomycin, were also the least commonly available. Recommended anti gonococcal antibiotics ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone may not be prescribed if they are not available in the districts.


Analytical laboratories are currently interested in enhancing overall productivity by increasing sample throughput and reducing analysis time. Different approaches are proposed in liquid chromatography (LC) to perform fast or ultra-fast separations with cycle times of less than 5 or 1 min, respectively. Among these approaches, the use of monolithic supports, high temperature LC (HTLC), short columns and ultra-performance LC (UPLC) are described and compared in this study. A comparison of the above LC approaches is presented through Knox curves and pressure plots based on experimental data. Fast separations of pharmaceutical compounds are presented in order to illustrate the interest of these techniques and compare them with conventional LC separations.


This paper firstly introduces the function and hardware components of the robot. Then the complex motion trajectory which must be implemented in small space is analyzed in accordance with the requirements of the control of archwire bending. Various communications methods that are used to set up a communication between the robot and the host control computer is studied as well as the principle and realization of the robot controlling method which is used to make a preparation for constituting the overall framework of control software. Finally, the procedure method of control software that is based on Visual C++6.0 is analyzed. The control software is used to control the archwire bending robot in remote mode.


ABSTRACT THE stability and capacity of a grass-lined channel are related to changes in cover during 32 years. Flow tests were made on channels with green and dormant grasses that were uncut, mowed, or burned, and with natural encroachments of brush and trees. Brush and tree encroachment reduced the flow capacity by 29 per-cent.


The aquatic environment is continuously being contaminated with chemicals from agriculture activities. Hundreds of pesticides of different chemical structures are extensively used to control a wide variety of agricultural pests and can contaminate aquatic habitats due to leaching and runoff water from treated areas. The pesticides may produce an immense disruption of the ecological balance causing damage to non-target organisms including fish of commercial importance [1]. Pesticides are found to damage vital organs of fish [2], skeletal system and they cause biochemical alteration in the exposed fishes [3-5].


The sounds of nearly all wind instruments are characterized by formant‐like patterns that are identified by musicians with descriptive terms such as superior or unacceptable, dark or bright, and the like. This study contributes to the basic understanding of the relationship between the sound spectra of wind musical instrument tones and the terminology used in describing those tones. The basic patterns of all common wind instruments are included. Tape recordings will be used to demonstrate the relationships presented.


Fossils of three species of Atrichum were discovered in Baltic amber (Eocene) . These species are described as new extinct species. All are characterized by plane, not undulate leaves, unicellular teeth along the leaf margin, and small size, and have small laminal cells and no teeth at the dorsal side of the lamina. The species show close affinities to very rare extant species in Mexico, Puerto Rico and southern China, that are found in pine-oak forests resembling the amber forest. This distribution pattern is found in several other Baltic amber mosses. It is supposed that the species of Atrichum were derived from Eocene progenitors, stayed in comparable habitats, and have underdone partial extinction.


Based on dynamic data of No.1 line of Shanghai subway,the paper analyzes the inspection data from the time and space,adopts the analysis method of change rate for the track partial state,the whole state and the main section to evaluate the line state,so as to provide the data foundation for having the data exploration from the track inspection data,finding the change law of the track and realize the track state prediction.


Mention is also made of the impact of the existing school culture on any improvement effort. The authors emphasize the need to consider the school's existing belief structure and steps that could be taken to muster support of the school personnel for the proposed change. Many development plans fail to achieve the desired end-the professional growth of teachers and improvement of student achievementbecause, in part, teachers are excluded from the planning of improvement efforts. The effective planning of any improvement effort should consider the needs and interests of teachers. Chapter 9 addresses these issues in fine detail


Micro-blog is the most popular social network platform nowadays;its customer relationship has been drawing growly attention.It is superficial to study micro-blog's user connection by content rather than user interests.Starting from the content of user micro-blogs,this article analyzes word frequency to generate user labels and tag weights,which describe the user relationship of micro-blog.According to the similarities and differences of labels and the differentiation of tag weights of the same kind,the paper proposes a new customer relationship recommendation mechanism;and verifies its feasibility by betweenclass and within-class cases.It is explorative and innovative to apply the ideas and methods of Information Science to constructing the recommendation mechanism of network customer relationship.


We explore the properties of Milky Way subhalos in self-interacting dark matter models for moderate cross sections of 1 to 5 cm2g−1 using high-resolution zoom-in N-body simulations. We include the gravitational potential of a baryonic disk and bulge matched to the Milky Way, which is critical for getting accurate predictions. The predicted number and distribution of subhalos within the host halo are similar for 1 and 5 cm2g−1 models, and they agree with observations of Milky Way satellite galaxies only if subhalos with peak circular velocity over all time > 7 km/s are able to form galaxies. We do not find distinctive signatures in the pericenter distribution of the subhalos that could help distinguish the models. Using an analytic model to extend the simulation results, we are able to show that subhalos in models with cross sections between 1 and 5 cm2g−1 are not dense enough to match the densest ultra-faint and classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Milky Way. This motivates exploring velocity-dependent cross sections with values larger than 5 cm2g−1 at the velocities relevant for the satellites such that core collapse would occur in some of the ultra-faint and classical dwarf spheroidals.


The wave of liberalization of capital movements, which swept Europe in the 1980s and the emerging market countries in the 1990s, has given rise to the two-corner strategy. According to this view only two exchange rate regimes are sustainable: hard pegs and fully flexible rates. Soft pegs in the middle are seen as doomed, open to irresistible and unpredictable speculative attacks and historical evidence shows clearly that increasing number of countries have exited the soft middle ground, mostly towards the flexible end of the spectrum. However, not all the exits from hard pegs to flexible arrangements are happy. Most countries hesitate to leave the peg when it is working properly, and consider exit option only when they are facing speculative pressure, and then it often is too late. This paper aims to analyze the factors contributing to peaceful exits, that is exiting without a significant loss in the value of the domestic currency. It seeks to find conditions that need to be satisfied to ensure an exit without significant economic costs. Historical record of exchange rate classification comes from Reinhart and Rogoff's path-breaking study on this subject, where they classified regimes on the basis of observed, de facto, currency movements rather than the announced, de jure, official rates. Some interesting results we have found may be put as follows: Cold-blooded exits enacted when the macroeconomic conditions are favorable, that is countries planning to leave a peg are advised to do it when it is least necessary and least expected. Another surprising result is that, efficient and deep financial markets do not help with exits. Countries encouraged to exit pegs before they fully liberalize their financial account and deepen their markets. The study covers the period 1975-2001. Our choice criteria provide 55 cases of exits, 27 of which is peaceful and the rest 28 cases troubled ones. We estimate non-structural probit models with monthly and annual data.


Monoclonal antibodies allowed to demonstrate the existence of alternative antigenic forms of the same molecule as of human interferon (IFN)-alpha 2. Exposure of recombinant IFN to pH 2, although not affecting its bioactivity, induced structural modulation of molecular surface. The antigenic structure of IFN-alpha 2 appeared to be built of the acid-stable and acid-labile epitopes. In general, the acid-stable sites determined subtype-specific antigenic properties of the protein, whereas the acid-labile determinants were responsible for antigenic characteristics shared by some other human IFNs. Acidification of IFN-alpha 2 to pH 2 for at least 1-2 h resulted in simultaneous structural rearrangement of all acid-labile sites.


The Nuclear Fission: Ancient and New Centers in the Alpine Region. from the End of the 7th Century to the Beginning of the 10th Century. The new structure of the Carolingian kingdoms born from the Treaty of Verdun (843) was studied under various aspects, including the way they manage to create their own inner structures and the birth, on the borders, of new entities organised by cultural identities who precede the Frankish come over and were historically inscribed in these spaces. These peripheral principalities resulted from a dialectic process between the old centres of the Frankish power, between Loire and Rhine, and the borders. I intend to study this relationship and its evolution through a « border case »: the central and occidental Alps, which were situated geographically at the centre of Carolingian Europe, and on an essential way going from the Carolingian centre to Rome, but were indeed a politic border between the kingdoms resulting from the division of 843 and the following. I aim to understand how aristocracies exploited this particular situation in order to build nets that lead to autonomous powers at the end of the ixth century.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework to tune and evaluate the performance of the H.264 codec in 802.11b wireless ad-hoc networks. The codec's error-resilience features are measured under stress conditions typical to these networks, and the most critical parameters are presented. We present solutions concerning the random packet loss problem and show how to quickly recover from packet loss bursts.


The number of industry wireless networks based on IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology deployed in large outdoor work sites, such as freight container terminal, is increasing these days. Wider service coverage, frequent movements of stations and high requirement on service reliability are main characteristics of these networks compared to the conventional IEEE 802.11 networks used in home, office and school. While the importance of these networks Bets higher, we can hardly find previous studies including concrete analysis on these networks based on actual experiments. We carried out several field experiments at a freight container terminal to analyze its IEEE 802.11 network and found out some problematic situations, such as over 50% retransmission rates and frequent disruption of communication link while a station is moving. We explain why these problematic situations happen and suggest some solutions, such as application of mesh technology, smart handoff based on location and movement pattern and adjustment of signal strength and channel allocation. Methods and tools used in the experiments are also detailed in the paper which may be helpful for similar future studies.


This chapter explores 'what constitutes the 21st-century citizen' and how we feel about our political and legal rights, and our identity, in the move from a monarchy to a republic in contemporary Australia. The central theme questions the notion that 'citizenship is the local expression of universality' and that 'the main aim of property is to constitute subjectivity as intersubjectivity through the mediation of objectivity.' Drawing on data collected in a series of focus groups, the paper takes as its premise the suggestion that the removal of the Crown creates a moment of opportunity for recognition of the guardians of this land, albeit the journey of Indigenous Australians to be accepted as citizens has been harrowing. Such a contest of ideas is seen by some to undermine the very fabric of contemporary (settler) society, and a possible move from freehold title to leasehold tenure presents a threat to their interpersonal recognition. Through a political economy exploration of property rights and options in a new republic, which is grounded in an analysis of focus group data, the chapter explores Douzinas' argument that: 'Political rights emerge out of the destruction of traditional communities and the undermining of the pre-modern body politic and these rights, in turn, accelerated the process. Mutual recognition has moved from the relations of love and care which predominantly characterised the pre-modern world to legal recognition, to the construction of identities through rights ... But as Marx insisted, political community and citizenship are both the recognition of the universality of rights and of their denial, since rights support and are supported in turn by the inequalities of economy and culture. Secondly, citizenship is a limited universality which is exhausted within the confines of the nation-state and excludes the non-citizens, the foreigners, enemies without and within.'


This study was carried out in Euphrates River at Al-Jazira region in between the cities of Al-Ramadi and khalidiah in AL-Anbar province.  Seven stations were selected. The first one was west to AL-Ramadi, and the Last one was at Al-Khalidiah bridge. The study was carried out during the period from September 2013 to June 20l4.  Results of the plant nutrition of nitrite, phosphate and silica were (0.01-0.3) μg nitrogen atom-nitrite, (0.11-0.79) μg phosphorus -atom- phosphate, and (0.58-1.39) mg/L. Heavy metals of chrome and cobalt were in between the allowed values of the Iraqi drinking water characterization and were (0.00-0.05) mg/L and (0.00-0.02) mg/L receptively. The values of the other metals as Lead, Nickel, and Cadmium were extended beyond the allowed characterization of standard Iraqi drinking water and were (0.007-0.950), (0.00-0.036), and (0.004-0.04) mg/L respectively. Statistical analyses (at the significance level of 0.01 and 0.05) proved to have no significant differences between the stations for all factors, while significant differences were found with time (P≤ 0.05)  for alt factors.


Grazing intensity influences carbon sequestration ability of grassland community.A research on carbon solid deposit characteristics of heterogeneous vegetation and soil system in different grazing intensities was conducted in the Hulunbeir grassland,Inner Mongolia.The results show that under grazing gradients,there was certain correlation among soil organic carbon matter,the ground biomass,underground biomass and soil microbial biomass carbon.With the increasing grazing stress and soil depth,carbon sequestration and soil organic matter reduced but soil inorganic carbon content gradually increased.In addition,the root-shoot ratio gradually increased.Affected by overgrazing,soil physical and chemical properties and soil quality became poor,thus these accelerated the loss of the soil organic matter.With the soil microbial biomass carbon as index of soil carbon sequestration degree,carbon sequestration capacity decreased with increase in grazing intensity.


Warming-up is considered to be as the main sport component for any sport training period, it is the basis for any athletes before performing any sport activity or competition. It was noted on most of sport coaches, that they do not give the required attention and following-up for players warming-up period, leaving warming-up exercises to fitness trainers to do it without any supervision. Performance of warming-up exercises should focus particularly on type of exercises, time duration and exact period of time to do before real training or competition. Consequently, the health target average level of heart pulses should be reached through warming-up exercises for the benefit of athlete in general, and for the score results of his participation in competitions in specific. Warming-up exercises if wasn't done properly, it will reflect badly on individual's health and on their achievements. Sports' warming-up gets large importance especially before athlete exercises that requires maximum efforts to be done in a small short period of time. The purpose of this research is to highlight more on the importance of warming-up from all of its aspects, in order to reach the best health with the best performance. This research will focus also on the role of warming-up exercises for specific athletics games that have significant impact in developing physical skills for football players.


Mayas living in the western highlands of Chiapas, Mexico are defining a new relationship with the national government. Rejecting paternalistic forms of development and military repression with which the nation in which they live have tried to eradicate their culture, Mayas are now asserting the right to autonomy within regions where they constitute a majority. I argue that the movement for autonomy based on collective norms of Mayan culture is most acute in areas that were the least incorporated in the 1910-1917 Mexican Revolution and have become important because of mineral, water, and genetic biodiversity that are attracting global investors. The strategies for practicing autonomy developed by indigenous municipalities and campesino organizations in distinct regional settings provide them with patterns for organizing themselves as distinct entities and for participating in national and global settings. Gender differences in all these settings influence the interpretation of autonomy as it is practiced in the communities that have declared themselves as autonomous. I shall compare these practices in regionally distinct settings of Chiapas in an attempt to demonstrate how this enters in to the formulation of an alternative model for pluricultural coexistence in the global ecumene.


We describe the case of a capillary hemangioma of the ethmoidal sinus, resected under endoscopic control. The capillary hemangioma of the nose is a rare condition. It usually presents on the nasal septum; very rarely it arises from the turbinates. A capillary hemangioma arising from the ethmoid has not been previously reported.


1. Makgeolli is a fermented beverage that contains a small amount of alcohol. It is made with a mixture of rice, the main ingredient, and Nuruk used as a starter culture, to which potable water is added and then fermented for a certain amount of time at an optimal temperature through a simultaneous two-step fermentation process. There are two different types of Makgeolli being distributed; sterilized Makgeolli, which has been sterilized before the bottling process, and draft Makgeolli, which is left to ferment slowly even after the bottling process without sterilization.


This study discusses about the substitutions (ibdal) contained in the Qur'an, especially in Q.S at-Taubah (9): 33, Q.S al-Fath (48): 28, and Q.S as-Saf (61): 9 which discusses the message of the Prophet. Ibdal is similiar editions verses in action but have little difference in letters, words or sentences. There are three interpreting works that will be used as objects in this study, namely the interpretation of the work of Abu Hayyan, an-Naysaburi and an-Nasafi. Based on ibdal above, there are several questions related to the application of ibdal on the interpretation of the three verses above, namely: 1. How is ibdal in the Qur'an? 2. How is the interpretation of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusia, an-Naysaburi, and an-Nasafi to ibdal Q.S at-Taubah (9): 33, Q.S al-Fath (48): 28, and Q.S as-Saf (61): 9 and what is the function of ibdal in these verses? This research is a type of library research, using a qualitative approach that is descriptive-analytical, namely by describing the history of ibdal in the Qur'an, ibdal, ibdal types and examples. Explain the interpretation of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusia, an-Naysaburi, and an-Nasafi to ibdal on QS at-Taubah (9): 33, Q.S al-Fath (48): 28, and Q.S as-Saf (61): 9. The results of this study indicate: 1. Ibdal in the Qur'an is the verses of the Qur'an which have similarities and have little difference in terms of letters, words or sentences. There are at least three types, namely: ibdal of single and plural pronoun, ibdal ثم with ف, and ibdal in the sentence. 2. The third interpretation of the commentators on polytheists in Q.S at-Taubah (9): 33 and Q.S as-Saf (61): 9 are those who have characteristics including: worshiping other than Allah Swt (Quraysh, Jews and Christians), having a dirty soul, and hating the emergence of Islam from the begining. Then in Q.S al-Fath (48): 28 which means "Allah is sufficient as a witness" interpreted that what Allah SWT promised will surely happen and the religion of Islam will surely be prosperous compared to other religions. Ibdal function to Q.S at-Taubah (9): 33, and Q.S as-Saf (61): 9, shows: 1) the miracle of the chronology of the descent of the verse. 2) it is as evidence that the Qur'an has come down gradually with different contexts and chronologies.


Two morphological forms of mitochondria, vase-shaped and discoid, are described in a centric diatom, Stepkanopyxis turns (Greville) Ralfs, and their three-dimensional structure reconstructed from serial sections. The vase-shaped mitochondria, previously unreported in unicellular organisms, constitute the majority, no matter what the stage of the cell cycle. A comparison is made between the vase-shaped mitochondria and the cup-shaped mitochondria that are found in a few multicellular organisms.


Objective To improve the clinical practical diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and decrease the probability of misdiagnosis.Methods Clinical manifestations of 11 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease misdiagnosed in the early stage were reviewed.Results Eleven cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's disease(4 cases),viral encephalitis (3 cases),cerebral infarction(2 cases) and dementia with Lewy bodies(2 cases) in the early stage.Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein was positive in 6 cases.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the early stage are atypical and tend to be misdiagnosed; repetitive EEG,diffusion weighted imaging and cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein are essential to diagnosis.


In 2016, the Water and Sewer Authority of Washington, DC released an online map that contains information on lead service lines (LSLs) for all properties in the district. Using the release as a natural experiment, this paper estimates the effect of the new information on prices of properties with and without LSLs. Recent literature has found that housing lead reduction policies such as remediation mandates have significant price effects. In DC, while the map's release was followed by a marked increase in requests for water lead tests, neither a difference-in-differences model nor a repeat sales model captures a significant divergence between housing prices of the two types of properties after the release, implying the housing market response to the information was limited.


Previous research has shown that people with one eye have enhanced sound localization and lack visual dominance, commonly found in binocular and monocular viewing controls. These findings imply cross-sensory adaptation likely as compensation for their loss of binocularity. We assessed whether the advantage given to audition in people with one eye, when the auditory and visual systems were in competition, might also be found when the systems were integrated together to make unified judgements. Participants were asked to spatially localize perceptually fused audiovisual events in which the auditory and visual components were spatially disparate in order to quantify the relative weightings assigned to each system when the systems were integrated. There was no difference in the reliability assigned to localizing unimodal visual and auditory targets by people with one eye compared to controls. When localizing bimodal targets, the weightings assigned to each sensory modality in both people with one eye and controls were predictable from their unimodal performance in accordance with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) model. People with one eye appear to integrate the auditory and visual components of multisensory events optimally when determining spatial location despite the fact that they do not show the typical dominance of vision over audition when the two systems are in competition. It is possible that attentional modifications to the processing of each component when they are processed in parallel may represent an adaptive cross-sensory compensatory mechanism for the loss of binocular visual input that does not alter how these signals are integrated.


ABSTRACT This paper explores disruptive poverty politics arising from creative activisms that challenge homelessness/impoverishment. We analyze forms and potentials of creative activisms that challenge hegemonic meanings and practices around impoverishment. Bringing together geographers' work on creative activisms, geographies of art, and the dialectics of thinkable and unthinkable poverty politics; we analyze activism by Real Change, a Seattle economic and racial justice organization confronting the city's shelter crisis. We argue that creative poverty activism produces performative encounters that challenge exclusionary space-making and create political connections between people experiencing poverty and those who are not. Using portraiture and public art/performance, activists disrupt normative sights, practices, and socio-spatial relations on which poverty knowledge rests in public spaces. These interventions re-script spaces of privilege produced through capitalist relations of dispossession and exclusion, and the ideological projects that undergird them. Disruptive poverty politics create encounters across socio-spatial difference that challenge privileged subjects, raise new voices, and create previously unimaginable political forms. Our analysis extends prior work on visual poverty politics that has theorized the reproduction of hegemonic poverty politics (of difference, blame, stigma, individualized causes) through representational practices. We extend relational poverty analysis into the realm of the visual, performative, and creative, revealing new sites, forms, and possibilities of disruptive poverty politics.


Starting from the general definition that globalization is the process of interactions increased at the global level, and of a higher interdependence at the economical, social, technological, cultural, political, ecological, etc. levels, and sharing the idea that globalization also refers to the diminishing of distances through technology, language and cultural differences, or to solving some global problems, this work tries to discuss the influence of globalization upon intercultural manifestations, upon national and ethnical identities. The evolution of society, namely the Romanian society imposed specific changes in the school curricula, and also the short and long term strategies. The focus is moving from traditional learning to the creative, innovative and active learning. The curriculum requires a flexible inter, multi and trans-disciplinary approach. The traditional teaching paradigm is changing to keep pace with the increase in non-traditional students and the changing workforce. As a result school in Romania, education at superior levels, high-schools, colleges and universities continue to add more distance education courses, education focusing more and more on e-learning.


The dependence of specific dielectric properties of polymers on their fundamental molecular parameters was investigated as part of a study involving HV insulation in spacecraft systems. As part of an effort to understand the causes of dielectric breakdown, this investigation focused on the effect of polymer morphology on the electrical characteristics of a poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), a high temperature insulating thermoplastic. Amorphous PEEK was thermally annealed to produce a range of crystallinities, and its dielectric properties were measured. As the crystalline/amorphous ratio of the polymer increased, the dielectric breakdown strength was reduced. The electrical conductivity of the material was also shown to decrease with increasing crystallinity. The effect on the permittivity was inconclusive. >


We introduce two canonical discretizations of nets on generic surfaces, which consist of an one-parameter family of geodesics and its associated family of conjugate lines. The two types of "discrete conjugate semi-geodesic nets" constitute discrete focal nets of circular nets, which mimics the classical connection between surfaces parametrized in terms of curvature coordinates and their focal surfaces on which one corresponding family of coordinate lines are geodesics. The discrete surfaces constructed in this manner are termed circular-geodesic and conical-geodesic nets, respectively, and may be characterized by compact angle conditions. Geometrically, circular-geodesic nets are constructed via normal lines of circular nets, while conical-geodesic nets inherit their name from their intimately related conical nets, which also discretize curvature line parametrized surfaces. We establish a variety of properties of these discrete nets, including their algebraic and geometric 3D consistency, with the latter playing an important role in (integrable) discrete differential geometry.


Background/aims Cerebral palsy is a lifelong condition resulting in weakness in the muscles, difficulty moving and excessive tension in the muscles of the arms and legs. This study aimed to investi...


The 0/1 Knapsack Problem (KP), which is a classical NP-complete problem, has been widely applied to solving many real world problems. Ant system (AS), as one of the earliest ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms, provides approximate solutions to 0/1 KPs. However, there are some shortcomings such as low efficiency and premature convergence in most AS algorithms. In order to overcome the shortcomings of AS, this paper proposes a rank-based AS algorithm, denoted as RAS to solve 0/1 KP. Taking advantages of the ranked ants with a higher profit, the pheromone of items will be updated with better solutions in RAS. Experimental results in different datasets show that this new kind of AS algorithm can obtain a higher efficiency and robustness when solving 0/1 KP.


The $sup 11$B(p,$alpha$$sub 1$)$sup 8$Be (2.9) reaction is examined in the energy range between 17.2 and 20.6 MeV in order to study some excited states of $sup 12$C. (BJG)


The diagnosis of bladder and urinary disorders due to diseases of the nervous system is not difficult in cases with clearly defined symptoms of nervous system disorders. In the initial stages of spinal cord disease, however, these symptoms may be so obscure that when examined, especially by a layman, they may go unrecognized. In these cases, any sign that may indicate the presence of nervous system suffering and thereby establish the cause of bladder disease and urinary disorders is of great diagnostic value.


In this article, we report our research on Dai Lue in a rural area of Xishuangbanna, revealing how their tattoos have become an emblem of the self or an interiority cultivated through outer appearance, acted out and contested on people's bodies as parchments for society's discourses. China's version of modernisation and nation-state building has underpinned shifting tattoo designs and subjectivities. Tattooing among younger people was different to their elders, as they were less inclined to practise it for a sense of belonging and conformity to Dai Lue and, instead, did so to stand out from and within their ethnic group, expressing a more individual and volitional self—a profound cultural change which also pervades many other aspects of their lives. We also show how popular discourses in China concerning the nation and ethnic minorities are being embodied and visually performed by Dai Lue through their tattoos, albeit creatively and not homogeneously. Our findings call for a more inclusive national story line in China which moves beyond simple stereotypes of ethnic categories currently popular in society to appreciate the complexity of peoples' lives. Our study also updates the literature on tattooing among Dai Lue which, hitherto, was limited to descriptions in Chinese texts of old tattoo designs and rituals in isolation from society and politics.


«IMPORTANCE OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN TENDER-AGE INFANTS ON THE BACKGROUND OF VACCINATION»
The authors of the manuscript provide data demonstrating that una pneumonia against the background of vaccination is accompanied by a change in the etiological structure. The article is a new idea and overall it is well written and structured.
However, simple study design, lack of patient baseline and follow-up data limit the conclusion of withdrawal.
I invite the authors to solve the following questions:
1) There are many spelling, grammatical and punctuation errors. Authors should correct mistakes and rewrite the article in a clear and understandable style. I have visited the authors with the help of a language expert on rewriting.
2) The main problem of the manuscript is poor statistical processing and statistical reporting. The authors stated: "All data were expressed as confidence intervals. Thus, it is unclear whether the etiological structure was normally distributed. Moreover, following normal scientific practice, authors should indicate specific statistical significance values when comparing each test parameter.
3) The cited literature is relevant to the research and meets the requirements of the journal. But mentions of 9/19 were published over 10 years ago. I recommend reading current research on this topic.
In conclusion, the work makes a good impression. On the other hand, it can be published after significant changes with reference to the comments mentioned above, including bug fixes and rewriting of the article in a clear and easily understandable style.


international immobility of capital and labour. After a tedious recapitulation of Marx's theory of vakie and the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, and many laboured arithmetic examples, his conclusion is that for the last sixty years Venezuela has been ' exploiting' the rest of the world through unequal exchange. This turns out to mean that the country's double factoral terms of trade have risen over the period. Since 'equal exchange' is defined as the double factoral terms of trade taking the value of unity, this conclusion is virtually a tautology, as Samuelson pointed out several years ago. Baptista attempts to measure the effect of government expenditure on the profitability of Venezuelan manufacturing industry. He concludes that profit rates (before tax) were 3 to 4 times higher in the mid-1970s than they would have been without oil-rent-financed State spending. This is an interesting question, but his attempt to answer it — which views increased government expenditure as a way of avoiding underconsumption crises — is not wholly convincing. Gutman seeks to analyse the effects of petroleum production on Venezuelan agriculture. The analysis is slight and she concludes that part of the oil rents have been transferred to (richer?) farmers via subsidised credit which is often not used for agricultural purposes. The final paper by Boeckh is potentially the most interesting of them all. He compares the role of the state in Argentina and Venezuela in the distribution of economic rent during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although he is sceptical as to the usefulness of concepts like the' rent state' or a specified rent-based development path, he draws attention to two features of such economies. Firstly, that the major conflict may often be between the State and foreign capital over rent distribution rather than between capitalists and workers over the profit share. Secondly, the existence of a rental income facilitates the coopting of potentially dissident groups into the political status quo. Indeed, his paper suggests that in Latin America at least, further analysis of the social and political consequences of economic rent could provide a fruitful area for future research.


In this study,the ISSR-PCR reaction system was established,optimized and then used to analyze the genetic coefficient and the subfamily composition of Bombus hypocrita Perez.The optimized reaction system was established as follows:1 x PCR buffer,0.3 mmol/L dNTP,1.25μmol/L primer,3 mmol/L Mg~(2+),2.5U Taq polymerase and 8.18-23.76μg/mL DNA.Our results indicated that ISSR markers obtained with this optimized system could be effectively used to analyze the genetic coefficient and subfamily composition.


[Objective]The purpose was to find efficient pectinase producer from the nature world,reduce production cost and make the pectinase produced from fermentation be applied to clarify fruit juice and fruit wine directly.[Method]The samples were collected from soil rich in pectic substance and rotten fruit,2 strains with relatively higher enzyme-producing activity were screened out and their zymologic properties of optimum culture time,culture temperature,optimum pH and optimum innoculation amount were studied preliminarily.[Result]The optimum culture conditions for the 2 strains were as follows:culture temperature of 28 ℃,pH value of 7.0 and innoculation amount of 20% were optimum for A1,its enzyme-producing activity was highest when its fermentation period was 48 h and it possessed higher ability of degrading pectic substance;culture temperature of 31 ℃,pH value of 7.0 and innoculation amount of 30% were optimum for A2,its enzyme-producing activity was highest when its fermentation period was 60 h and it possessed higher ability of degrading pectic substance.[Conclusion] The growth and propagation period of the strain A1 was shorter and it had fast-growing period as well as that its growth environment was easily available,but its enzyme-producing efficiency was lower,the wave of its enzymologic curve was larger and its stability was poorer.The growth period of the strain A2 was longer and its culture temperature was higher.Its culture condition was some difficult to satisfy,but its enzyme-producing efficiency was higher,the stability of whole enzymologic curve was better and it possessed longer stable period.


The present invention relates to a noise absorbing material having excellent moldability and outer appearance and a method for manufacturing the same and, more particularly, to a noise absorbing material and a method for manufacturing the same, including: an inner noise absorbing layer (1) having a first non-woven fabric including a heat resistant fiber as a main component, and a binder which is evenly distributed inside the first non-woven fabric in such a manner that a 3-dimensional shape is maintained inside the first non-woven fabric; and an outer noise absorbing layer (2′, 2″) having a second non-woven fabric including a heat resistant fiber as a main component, wherein the outer noise absorbing layer is laminated on one surface or both surfaces of the inner noise absorbing layer. The noise absorbing material of the present invention has excellent noise absorbing properties, fire retardant properties, heat resistance properties, heat shiedling properties, and high temperature moldability, especially, because the outer noise absorbing layer is formed, there is no concern about damage to an outer appearance of a molded product from binders stained on a mold during a molding process.


A perturbation procedure employing reduced free‐particle Green's functions is developed which yields systematic corrections to the incomplete‐basis‐set Hartree–Fock energy. Calculations for helium show that the corrections tend to converge to the exact Hartree–Fock limit.


Electronic device thermal management improvements are critical to continued increases in computing performance. Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) show promise in meeting this need. This paper compares the performance of Bismuth Telluride (BiTe) in three different forms: thin film, bulk, and a hypothetical nanostructured bulk material. This hypothetical materials is based on recent experimental demonstrations in Lead Telluride. Performances of the TEC based on the three different BiTe forms are compared with respect to heat pumping capacity and optimum thickness. The simulations are based on 1-D models that include the effects of thermal and electrical contact resistance. Simulated results show a significant enhancement in maximum heat pumping capacity of 'Nanostrutured-Bulk TEC'. Modified definitions of heat pumping capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) are proposed for evaluating TECs used to cool objects with temperatures above ambient temperature. It is observed that the appropriate heat sink selection is key factor for achieving the improved TEC performance while maintaining minimum thickness.Copyright © 2008 by ASME