The generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter acts as a prospective solution in multi-target tracking (MTT) applications. Nevertheless, considering the heavy-tailed process together with measurement noises, the emerged noise outliers can seriously deteriorate the tracking performance exhibited by the GLMB filter. In order to solve this challenging issue, the study develops a Student-t mixture GLMB (STM-GLMB) filter, which employs multivariate St models for adapting the heavy-tailed noises (HTNs), deriving the closed-form implementation regarding the GLMB filter for propagating the parameters of the STM models considering the multi-target St distributions. The filter becomes tractable relying on the introduction of approximations. According to simulation results, the STM-GLMB multi-target tracking algorithm is valid and stable in heavy-tailed process and measurement noises.


This article introduces the working principles of FBG sensor,especially its applications in monitoring of engineering structure such as bridge,railway,tunnel and so on.The application prospect of FBG sensor has also been analyzed as well as its limits.Meanwhile in the light of the problems existing in the FBG application,this article proposes a specific research direction.


During the General Assembly of the IAU in Beijing in 2012, at the business meeting of Commission 22 the list of 31 newly established showers was approved and next officially accepted by the IAU. As a result, at the end of2013, the list of all established showers contained 95 items. The IAU MDC Working List included 460 meteor showers, among them 95 had pro tempore status. The List of Shower Groups contained 24 complexes, three of them had established status. Jointly, the IAU MDC shower database contained data of 579 showers.


Subsoil plays an important role as an important nutrient,water supply and source repository in plant growth. The role of subsoil improvement is to create more suitable soil conditions for crops. Subsoil improvement include deep digging,mixed-layer subsoil tillage and subsoil fertility techniques,and it had the following characteristics: Firstly,subsoil improvement could increase crop yield. Super deep digging increased yield by 4. 1% ~ 35% on rotten soil,the mixed-layer subsoil plow of first generation increased yield by 8% ~ 16% on albic soil,the second generation increased yield by 10% ~ 27%;Subsoil fertility increased yield by 17% ~ 26%. Secondly,the effect of soil improvement was lasting long. The lasting effect of super-deep digging on yield was 2 ~ 3 years on black rotten soil,and 10 ~ 15 years on special soil. The lasting effect of subsoil layer mixing plough and subsoil fertilizing on the yield was 7 ~ 10 years,and the effect of soil layer replacement was 3 ~ 5years. Soil layer replacement was one of the "Semi-permanent"soil improvement techniques. Thirdly,subsoil improvement needed special machine to carry out. Finally,subsoil improvement need to be invested too much money and the efficiency was relatively low,which restricted popularization and promotion of subsoil improved technology.


Two-dimensional simulations are used to study fully compressible thermal convection spanning multiple-density scale heights typical of a stellar envelope. The fluid is assumed to be a perfect gas with constant thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. The unstably stratified layer is thus represented by a polytropic index typically taken to be n = 1 (with n = 3/2 equivalent to an adiabatic stratification). The mean density ratio (bottom to top of the layer) ranges from about 1 to 21, with Rayleigh numbers up to about 1000 times critical. These highly nonlinear flows are studied with a two-dimensional numerical scheme based on a modified two-step Lax-Wendroff method. The convective motions in these simulations span the full height of the unstable layer, with no tendency to form a succession of rolls in the vertical as has been assumed in mixing length treatments of convection. Further, the flows remain subsonic because the center of the cell shifts toward the bottom of the layer as the density stratification is strengthened. The flows then display prominent downward-directed plumes surrounded by broader regions of upflow. The flow asymmetry leads to a kinetic energy flux which is directed downward, whereas the enthalpy or convective flux is upward. suchmore » asymmetry comes about because pressure fluctuations accentuate buoyancy driving in the downward plumes and can lead to buoyancy braking in the surrounding ascending flows. Compressional work is significant in the overall energetics.« less


Legendre forms are used in the literature for second-order sufficient optimality conditions of optimization problems in (reflexive) Banach spaces. We show that if a Legendre form exists on a reflexive Banach space, then this space is already isomorphic to a Hilbert space.


In 80% cases, craniofacial injury is followed by the cerebrospinal liquid leak from natural ways. The leading lifethreatening states at the same time are infectious complications. Approaches for treating such patients are ambiguous and first of all depend on severity of a patient condition. Results of mini-invasive surgical interventions for penetrating craniocereberal trauma are studied insufficiently. In this article we discuss a clinical example of successful staged surgical treatment in a patient with the open severe craniofascial injury.This clinical case includes two hospital stays: the first has been connected to the severity of craniofascial injury itself, the second – with its complication (rhinoliquorrhea). Following the offered algorithm of managing patients with this pathology, at primary admission we performed a dynamic assessment of the patient and then conservative treatment was carried out, at the repeated admission surgical treatment was performed: lumboperitoneal shunting. Primary severity of this injury and staged approach to treatment have allowed to achieve positive clinical dynamics at the stage of mini-invasive surgery and also considerably reduce risks for the patient's life and carry out full rehabilitation at the shortest possible time.


BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular conditions have a major impact on mortality and quality of life in all European countries. Effective clinical interventions to manage cardiovascular risk are available, but not optimally implemented. This four-year project brings together a consortium of researchers, practitioners and stakeholders to provide evidence and develop policies for improving cardiovascular risk management in Europe. It proposes five work packages to develop a set of internationally validated performance indicators (organisational, clinical and communicative); to develop an assessment and feedback instrument based on these indicators; to document current performance in cardiovascular risk management in European primary care to identify best practices of quality improvement, to determine the costs and effects of best practices and to provide a European risk communication tool to enhance patient self-management. Throughout the project, stakeholders will be actively involved to develop policies for the implementation of programmes to improve cardiovascular risk management in Europe. With free movement of labour in Europe, and the enlargement of the European Union to include countries with disparate health care systems, it is important to develop common quality standards for healthcare across Europe. At present the first work-package " Development of quality indicators" has been completed. The results of the German panel are mainly reported here. METHODS: Panels from nine European countries and Israel were used to develop quality indicators for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care. A two stage Delphi process was used to identify indicators that were judged necessary for good care, and for which data could be collected in health care records or otherwise. FINDINGS: A core set of 44 out of 202 indicators (22%) was rated as valid and feasible to collect by all panels, focusing predominately on the treatment of established disease and standards for medical records. Although 171 (85%) indicators were rated valid by at least one panel, lack of consensus among panels meant that a much smaller set was agreed by all panels. In Germany 60 indicators (30%) were rated as valid. CONCLUSION: It is possible to develop cross European agreement for indicators of the quality of medical care. For cardiovascular disease, agreed indicators relate principally to the management of established disease and secondary prevention rather than primary prevention. However, differences in the organisation and delivery of health care in different countries means there is a long way to go to reach a broad degree of consensus in the development of extensive guidelines for cardiovascular prevention and care.


Results of experimental studies of sound reverberation from the ice in the Arctic are presented and interpreted. The ice causes reverberation levels as much as 40 dB greater than those encountered from the icefree sea surface. An rms roughness of 3 m is indicated.


Significance Temperature-sensitive (ts) and cold-sensitive mutants (cs) provide rapid and reversible means to lower the level of a specific gene product at any stage in the life cycle of an organism. cs mutants are rare, and the molecular determinants of cs phenotypes are poorly understood. We present and validate a method for the rational elicitation of cold-sensitive phenotypes that involves the design of partial loss-of-function mutants based solely on amino acid sequence, and the coupling of such mutants to a heat responsive promoter. This study provides insight into the molecular determinants of cold sensitivity. Such designed cs mutants provide insight into gene function and also can be coupled with ts mutants to order genes in a pathway. Cold-sensitive phenotypes have helped us understand macromolecular assembly and biological phenomena, yet few attempts have been made to understand the basis of cold sensitivity or to elicit it by design. We report a method for rational design of cold-sensitive phenotypes. The method involves generation of partial loss-of-function mutants, at either buried or functional sites, coupled with selective overexpression strategies. The only essential input is amino acid sequence, although available structural information can be used as well. The method has been used to elicit cold-sensitive mutants of a variety of proteins, both monomeric and dimeric, and in multiple organisms, namely Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Drosophila melanogaster. This simple, yet effective technique of inducing cold sensitivity eliminates the need for complex mutations and provides a plausible molecular mechanism for eliciting cold-sensitive phenotypes.


Mathematical models of Buck converter and PID control algorithm are established through theoretical analysis in this paper.Based on these models,a simulation system for Buck converter based on PID control is designed by using C sharp language.Compared with other simulation systems,this system is convenient for changing simulation parameters whenever necessary and the impact on the output voltage of Buck converter is visible when PID parameters are changed.By using this simulation system can actual debugging time be saved.


The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1 was monoplioded and the monopliod strain selected was corrlatively mutated with UV and NTG. A resistant mutant which resistance level to copper reached 8mmol/L ,adsorption amount to copper was 4.6 folds higher than initial strain.It showed that genetic stability after 50 generations was over 96%.


Very large-scale integration (VLSI) will want to increase circuit density and to reduce power dissipation at no sacrifice in speed. It will, therefore, ask for ever smaller circuit geometries, which, because of the increased sensitivity to defects, can economically be only projection printed. Projection optics are diffraction limited. Only blurred images of the mask expose the photoresist on the silicon wafer: the whole photoprocess becomes increasingly sensitive to variations of its many parameters. The parameters' interdependencies have been modeled identifying four distinct process steps. Measurement techniques are described, which allow to quantize each step independently. With standard IC technology one may measure the illumination profiles of the mask image directly in the projection printer. Characteristic curves describe the photoresist response to exposure. A simple time measurement allows to real-time control the photoresist development. Finally, the concept of an operating point on a characteristic is introduced. It helps to define an optimized set of process parameters.


Although the result of the tree height growth after water treatment, Fraxinus rhynchophylla has little affection by the artificial water treatment, the growth showed decreased tendency as the soil moisture decreased, and F. mandshurica showed high growth in relatively high soil moist 78~90% treated area, The growth of root collar diameter of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica also showed decreased tendency as soil moisture decreased. The changes of biomass according to dry weight of root, stem, leaves of F. rhynchophylla demonstrating statistical significance as moisture contents of soil is lower showing decreased biomass tendency and in the treatment of 78%~90%(A) moisture content showed more than double the higher biomass compare to the treated area of 18~30%(D) moisture contents. Also F. mandshurica showed statistical significance in A and D treatment demonstrating differences among each treatment. This can be purported to have physiological effects like weakening of seedling and softening of tissues including leaves as soil moisture decreased. Ultimately it is regarded to the main reason of unsatisfactory growth for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica that are weak to drought resistance. SLA, which is one of the special traits of leaf area of F. rhynchophylla, didn't show statistical significance between moisture process, it demonstrated decreased tendency as the moisture content interval is minimal. LAR and LWR showed increased tendency while moisture content didn't show statistical significance between treatments as they are minimal.


Deep video understanding (DVU) is often considered a challenge due to the aim of interpreting a video with storyline, which is designed to solve two levels of problems: predicting the human interaction in scene-level and identifying the relationship between two entities in movie-level. Based on our understanding of the movie characteristics and analysis of DVU tasks, in this paper, we propose a four-stage method to solve the task, which includes video structuring, shot based instance search, interaction & relation prediction and shot-scene summary & Question Answering (QA) with ChatGPT. In these four stages, shot based instance search allows accurate identification and tracking of characters at an appropriate video granularity. Using ChatGPT in QA, on the one hand, can narrow the answer space, on the other hand, with the help of the powerful text understanding ability, ChatGPT can help us answer the questions by giving background knowledge. We rank first in movie-level group 2 and scene-level group 1, second in movie-level group 1 and scene-level group 2 in ACM MM 2023 Grand Challenge.


Preparing youths, especially those with special health care needs, for a transition from pediatric to adult health care is paramount. Despite expert consensus on the need for transition planning, pediatricians cite payment as a major obstacle.

Payers have introduced options for hospital to home


Systems Biology
Single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing can describe numerous aspects of cell state, but such techniques cannot assess the functional effectors of cells: proteins. In a Perspective, Slavlov discusses the advances in single-cell mass spectrometry techniques that allow protein profiling, including characterization of protein modifications and potentially complex composition and subcellular localization. Although there are limitations to this emerging technology, single-cell proteomics may add to the characterization of cellular components and provide functional information about signaling networks in homeostasis and disease.

Science , this issue p. [512][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaz6695


1. An examination has been made of the results of a number of experiments on the feeding of fodder beet to fattening pigs. 2. When beet is introduced, the daily energy intake and hence the growth rate are slightly reduced. 3. The value of beet as a replacement for meal, neglecting the reduction in growth rate, may be assessed satisfactorily from a knowledge of the dry matter content of the beet and of the starch equivalent of the meal, using the average values given by Woodman (1954). 4. Where beet is used to replace meal, the available digestible protein is reduced. It is possible that the addition of protein-rich supplements to the ration will improve the performance of the pigs. 5. The effects of beet on carcass quality are not clear. The Danish reports examined indicate slightly lower quality, but the English reports similar or slightly higher quality.


Abstract: Cutaneous lymphomas are classified as either type B cell or T cell lymphoma, theformer type being less frequent. Cutaneous B cell lymphoma ( CBCL ) may be primary or sec-ondary. The latter has a more aggressive natural history with a worse prognostic. In thispaper, the authors present a secondary CBCL case with a three-year evolution, indolentcourse, without involvement of other organs beside the skin and with optimal response tochemotherapeutic treatment. The distinction between primary and secondary CBCL is verydifficult to determine insofar as they are clinically and histopathologically indistinguish-able. It is always necessary to investigate whether internal organs have been affected priorto defining the prognosis.Key words: lymphoma, B-Cell; skin manifestations; prognosis. Caso Clinico / Case Report Recebido em 02.05.2002. / Received on May 02, 2002. Aprovado pelo Conselho Consultivo e aceito para publicacao em 29.11.2002. / Approved by the Consultive Council and accepted for publication on November 29, 2002.


An unmediated NO biosensor was prepared by co‐immobilizing haemoglobin with polyethyleneimine at a pyrolytic graphite electrode surface. Haemoglobin exhibits direct electrochemistry in the membrane, and this modified electrode shows high stability and catalytic activity towards the reduction of NO. A linear relationship between the catalytic current and the concentration of NO was observed in the concentration ranges 1.0×10−7–8.0×10−6 M and 1.0×10−5–2.5×10−5 M, with a detection limit of 4.0×10−8 M.


In this work, the Global Energy Balance (GEB) of a 1.6 L compression ignition engine is analyzed during WLTC using a combination of experimental measurements and simulations, by means of a Virtual Engine. The energy split considers all the relevant energy terms at two starting temperatures (20°C and 7°C) and two altitudes (0 and 1000 m). It is shown that reducing ambient temperature from 20°C to −7°C decreases brake efficiency by 1% and increases fuel consumption by 4%, mainly because of the higher friction due to the higher oil viscosity, while the effect of increasing altitude 1000 m decreases brake efficiency by 0.8% and increases fuel consumption by 2.5% in the WLTC mainly due to the change in pumping. In addition, GEB shows that ambient temperature is affecting exhaust enthalpy by 4.5%, heat rejection to coolant by 2%, and heat accumulated in the block by 2.5%, while altitude does not show any remarkable variations other than pumping and break power.


: Cultivating students' humanities and arts education and improving students' comprehensive quality and ability are important issues facing the education and teaching of higher education institutions in the new era. This paper proposes to strengthen and improve humanities and arts education in higher education institutions by formulating talent cultivation programs, exploring humanities and arts education resources in professional courses, strengthening the construction of teachers, making full use of online teaching resources, actively implementing 'invite in' and 'go out' strategies, and carrying out campus culture construction in all aspects. We propose to strengthen and improve humanities and arts education in higher education institutions by formulating talent cultivation programs, exploring humanities and arts education resources in professional courses, strengthening faculty construction, making full use of online teaching resources, actively implementing 'invite in' and 'go out' strategies, and developing campus culture in all aspects.


The influence of the Hebrew Bible on modern literature has developed in terms of two different patterns. The first is that of the 'recreation' of the biblical world (characters and scenes), predominating during the Middle Ages and in the baroque theatre, extending up to modern times. The number of works produced according to this pattern is rather extensive, but their literary value is not very high. The second pattern is that of 'archetypal actualisation', which makes use of biblical arquetypes to interpret and describe universal human attitudes and conflicts and even to reelaborate the biblical account far beyond its own intention. It is according to this pattern that some first-rank literary works have been produced. In this paper the Hebrew Bible is divided into 'cycles' to single out their productivity in terms of literary creativity in the different modern literatures. This first presentation is rather sketchy, due to the number of works involved. A more extensive treatment of the material is foreseen. Frank A Gosling (University of St Andrews) THE INACCESSIBLE LEXICON OF J. F. SCHLEUSNER ABSTRACT The article seeks to examine in depth the work of J. F. Schleusner as that of the only 18 century lexicographer of the Septuagint whose work will repay study today. It seeks to do so by the consideration of the two entries for iJlavskomai and its cognate noun ἱλασμός which the writer has rendered into English. After this task critical comments are offered upon his methodology and works cited. When this process is complete the conclusion is shaped in such a way to show how we can build upon Schleusner's work by the creation of a brand new lexicon of the Septuagint.The article seeks to examine in depth the work of J. F. Schleusner as that of the only 18 century lexicographer of the Septuagint whose work will repay study today. It seeks to do so by the consideration of the two entries for iJlavskomai and its cognate noun ἱλασμός which the writer has rendered into English. After this task critical comments are offered upon his methodology and works cited. When this process is complete the conclusion is shaped in such a way to show how we can build upon Schleusner's work by the creation of a brand new lexicon of the Septuagint. Gary A Rendsburg (Cornell University) NOTES ON ISRAELIAN HEBREW (II) ל שׁ גרומהמל יהי ורכז ךורב ABSTRACT This article presents four separate notes on lexical items characteristic of Israelian Hebrew. The items studied are 1) the phrase ךנאצ תורתשׁעו ךיפלא רגשׁ "the offspring of your cattle and the fertility of your flock"; 2) the noun ריע "donkey"; 3) the unique form םיריע"villages" appearing in Judg 10:4; and the noun נט א "basket".This article presents four separate notes on lexical items characteristic of Israelian Hebrew. The items studied are 1) the phrase ךנאצ תורתשׁעו ךיפלא רגשׁ "the offspring of your cattle and the fertility of your flock"; 2) the noun ריע "donkey"; 3) the unique form םיריע"villages" appearing in Judg 10:4; and the noun נט א "basket". Raymond de Hoop (Groningen, The Netherlands) THE COLOMETRY OF HEBREW VERSE AND THE MASORETIC ACCENTS: EVALUATION OF A RECENT APPROACH (PART 1) ABSTRACT In this paper the recent use of the Masoretic accentuation as a means to establish the colometry in Hebrew verse is evaluated. A comparison of different studies referring to these accents demonstrates that such a reference is made in a rather ad hoc fashion, whereas the accents are not always interpreted in a consistent manner. For that reason in this paper an attempt is made to give a systematic description of the Masoretic accentuation with regard to its use for the colometry of Hebrew verse. In the present part (Part I) the poetic accents were studied and it has been shown that (1) the accents function according to a system which might also provide a guideline for the colometry of the text; (2) the colometry of texts from the "poetic books" in studies referring to the Masoretic accentuation agrees to a large extent with these findings; whereas it was demonstrated that the colometry of diverging passages (e.g. Pss 68 and 110) also could be read according to the Masoretic accentuation; (3) reference to "a major disjunctive accent" is not sufficient, the value of an accent depends on its position within the complete syntax of Masoretic accents. Part II willIn this paper the recent use of the Masoretic accentuation as a means to establish the colometry in Hebrew verse is evaluated. A comparison of different studies referring to these accents demonstrates that such a reference is made in a rather ad hoc fashion, whereas the accents are not always interpreted in a consistent manner. For that reason in this paper an attempt is made to give a systematic description of the Masoretic accentuation with regard to its use for the colometry of Hebrew verse. In the present part (Part I) the poetic accents were studied and it has been shown that (1) the accents function according to a system which might also provide a guideline for the colometry of the text; (2) the colometry of texts from the "poetic books" in studies referring to the Masoretic accentuation agrees to a large extent with these findings; whereas it was demonstrated that the colometry of diverging passages (e.g. Pss 68 and 110) also could be read according to the Masoretic accentuation; (3) reference to "a major disjunctive accent" is not sufficient, the value of an accent depends on its position within the complete syntax of Masoretic accents. Part II will deal with the use of the system of accentuation in the so-called "prose books" (or Twenty-one Books). Yoël L Arbeitman (Institute of Semitic Studies, Princeton) KE+ZöB AND THE CLASSICAL TRANSLATIONS ABSTRACT The majority of the classical translations (Vulgata, P e s h i è t a, Targum Neophyti, Targum Pseudo-Yonatan, the Fragment Targumim) render the nomen loci ביזכ in Gen 38:5 with a noun or verb meaning "cessation, cease". As (1) this cannot be the actual meaning of the toponym and (2) this meaning for the Hebrew root is only denotational in one context which does not apply here, all these renderings (the two non-Jewish early versions as well as the Targumim in question) are necessarily traceable to a single "Old Jewish Derash". Several other cases of the use of the consonantal configuration kzb in toponomy or anthroponomy are examined to determine whether their use is one of auctorial intention or of later midrashic understanding.The majority of the classical translations (Vulgata, P e s h i è t a, Targum Neophyti, Targum Pseudo-Yonatan, the Fragment Targumim) render the nomen loci ביזכ in Gen 38:5 with a noun or verb meaning "cessation, cease". As (1) this cannot be the actual meaning of the toponym and (2) this meaning for the Hebrew root is only denotational in one context which does not apply here, all these renderings (the two non-Jewish early versions as well as the Targumim in question) are necessarily traceable to a single "Old Jewish Derash". Several other cases of the use of the consonantal configuration kzb in toponomy or anthroponomy are examined to determine whether their use is one of auctorial intention or of later midrashic understanding. Dominic Rudman (University of Exeter) THE SECOND BULL IN JUDGES 6:25-28 ABSTRACT In Judg 6:25-28 a textual problem occurs involving the appearance of two bulls. The first, owned by Gideon's father, is not mentioned thereafter, but the second is sacrificed by Gideon. These references to a mysterious 'second bull' have puzzled commentators: many have regarded the text as irredeemably corrupt. Closer investigation suggests two possible solutions to the problem. The terminology used of the bull suggests that it is a working animal. If so, it may be the second (i.e. the younger) of a yoke of oxen. More likely, it is an explanatory gloss based on passages such as Lev 4:21; Num 8:8 in which two bulls are sacrificed; the first as a general offering, the second as expiation for the people or their representatives. The glossatorIn Judg 6:25-28 a textual problem occurs involving the appearance of two bulls. The first, owned by Gideon's father, is not mentioned thereafter, but the second is sacrificed by Gideon. These references to a mysterious 'second bull' have puzzled commentators: many have regarded the text as irredeemably corrupt. Closer investigation suggests two possible solutions to the problem. The terminology used of the bull suggests that it is a working animal. If so, it may be the second (i.e. the younger) of a yoke of oxen. More likely, it is an explanatory gloss based on passages such as Lev 4:21; Num 8:8 in which two bulls are sacrificed; the first as a general offering, the second as expiation for the people or their representatives. The glossator based his reading on the connection between the age of the bull and the length of time the Israelites were subject to Midian, and also on the legalistic reference to the building of the altar on which it was sacrificed. Jackie A Naudé (University of the Free State) QUMRAN HEBREW SYNTAX IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF A THEORY OF LANGUAGE CHANGE AND DIFFUSION ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to outline a constrained theory of language change and diffusion. Contemporary views on the typology of Qumran Hebrew will be presented and evaluated. The shortcomings in conceptualisation and method which have given rise to the misconception of the typology of Qumran Hebrew lies in the failure to utilise a coherent conception of the nature of language and the lack of clarity surrounding the notion of change. If the crucial distinction between change and diffusion events are allowed to be blurred, no meaningful generalisations are likely to be forthcoming. In keeping with the recent developments in syntactic theory, syntactic changes are in fact to be understood not as changes in the syntactic component of the grammar itself, but rather as revisions and differences in features of lexical entries. Syntact


Resumen en: This paper presents a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model for evaluating an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) network system in heal...


Paris polyhoylla var.chinensis is an important source of Paridis Rhizoma and Sichuan is one of the authentic medicinal materials production area.It has the effects of clear heat and remove toxin;anti-inflamation and relieve pain;active blood and remove stasis;cool the liver and arrest convulsion.Recent years,the herb has been excessively excavated with the increasing need of it,it has caused the wild population been tremendous destructed.So it is need to protect the supply of Paridis Rhizoma and make full use of it to realize its sustainable developments.In this paper,the studies about its genetic resources,chemical compositions,pharmaconlogical effects,and endogenous bacteria were discussed.


A second species in the myrmicine ant genus Tyrannomyrmex Fernandez, 2003, T. dux sp. n., based on a solitary worker from a leaf litter sample from Kerala state, southern India, is described. The original genus definition is slightly modified to include the description of this new species.


In order to reliably igniting the main charge (slow burning double base propellant) of core engine in one launch vehicle, and meet with the requirements such as igniting at -40℃ and pressure peek value being not so high , the ignition pattern and the structure of igniter cartridge were designed, and the ignition powder was selected by tests. The proposal of using high energy powder and double base powder as ignition powder, step by step igniting pattern , and igniter cartridge with multi-exhaust gas holes were determined. Test results showed that the proposal was satisfied with the technique needs.


Examines the development of Egypt from the Revolution to the present, describing various features of Egyptian society and the contributions of its leaders. It asks whether Egypt has fulfilled its role as a model for Arab countries.


This paper draws on an interview-based study of the practice of science and history teachers. It presents data on the stated educational aims of these two groups. The data suggest that there are systematic differences in these stated aims and in related aspects of the teachers' approaches to teaching their subjects. In particular, the historians try to place children's interpretations and intellectual judgements at the centre of their work. In contrast, the scientists place a stronger emphasis on established knowledge, commonly ground relevance in instrumentality, and perceive uncertainty as threatening. These differences are related to wider differences in the intellectual orientations of the two disciplines. The need to redefine the relationship between pupils as individuals and the overwhelming authority of established science configures much recent curriculum development in science education.


The text introduces the special issue on Georges Bataille and his idea of heterology. The editors, Marina Galletti and Roy Boyne, immediately point out the novelty of Bataille's heterology, both in the academic and political contexts of the 1920s and the present day. It is suggested that Bataille's heterology is neither a technical-philosophical notion nor a definitive concept. Rather, heterology represents the challenge of the illicit parts of our human existence to any constituted power that proclaims itself as hierarchical, authoritarian, absolute order. Heterology is the revolt of the excluded part – which Bataille sees mainly in the hidden parts of our human body – against a world made up by idealised abstractions. The different sections of the introduction illustrate how Bataille makes heterology operate as a critical and disruptive dispositive in all fields of our knowledge: art, politics, philosophy, economy. This emphasis is also to be found in the various contributions to the special issue, which are briefly discussed in the introduction. Finally, the reader is introduced to the dimension of the 'completely other' that Bataille's heterology opens up and leaves incomplete, as if it were an excluded part that constantly escapes from all human efforts to grasp it firmly.


We study a discretization in space and time for a class of nonlinear diffusion equations with flux limitation. That class contains the so-called relativistic heat equation, as well as other gradient flows of Renyi entropies with respect to transportation metrics with finite maximal velocity. Discretization in time is performed with the JKO method, thus preserving the variational structure of the gradient flow. This is combined with an entropic regularization of the transport distance, which allows for an efficient numerical calculation of the JKO minimizers. Solutions to the fully discrete equations are entropy dissipating, mass conserving, and respect the finite speed of propagation of support.
First, we give a proof of $\Gamma$-convergence of the infinite chain of JKO steps in the joint limit of infinitely refined spatial discretization and vanishing entropic regularization. The singularity of the cost function makes the construction of the recovery sequence significantly more difficult than in the $L^p$-Wasserstein case. Second, we define a practical numerical method by combining the JKO time discretization with a "light speed" solver for the spatially discrete minimization problem using Dykstra's algorithm, and demonstrate its efficiency in a series of experiments.


Context. Protostars interact with their surroundings through jets a nd winds impinging on the envelope and creating shocks, but the nature of these shocks is still poorly understood. Aims. Our aim is to survey far-infrared molecular line emission from a uniform and significant sample of deeply-embedded low-m ass young stellar objects (YSOs) in order to characterize shocks and the possible role of ultraviolet radiation in the immed iate protostellar environment. Methods. Herschel/PACS spectral maps of 22 objects in the Perseus molecular cloud were obtained as part of the William Herschel Line Legacy (WILL) survey. Line emission from H2O, CO, and OH is tested against shock models from the literature. Results. Observed line ratios are remarkably similar and do not show variations with physical parameters of the sources (luminosity, envelope mass). Most ratios are also comparable to those found at off-source outflow positions. Observations show good agreemen t with the shock models when line ratios of the same species are compared. Ratios of various H2O lines provide a particularly good diagnostic of pre-shock gas densities, nH ∼ 10 5 cm −3 , in agreement with typical densities obtained from observations of the postshock gas when a compression factor on the order of 10 is applied (for non-dissociative shocks). The corresponding shock velocities, obtained from comparison with CO line ratios, are above 20 km s −1 . However, the observations consistently show H2O-to-CO and H2O-to-OH line ratios that are one to two orders of magnitude lower than predicted by the existing shock models. Conclusions. The overestimated model H2O fluxes are most likely caused by an overabundance of H 2O in the models since the excitation is well-reproduced. Illumination of the shocke d material by ultraviolet photons produced either in the sta r-disk system or, more locally, in the shock, would decrease the H2O abundances and reconcile the models with observations. Detections of hot H2O and strong OH lines support this scenario.


The article highlights the methodology of the quiz «One's own game» at the stage of control of the passed material assimilation on the discipline «Foreign language» and "Russian as a foreign language".


Fashion industry has tried to adopt the virtual garment technology to reduce the time and effort spent on sam- ple creation. For garment manufacturers to adopt the virtual garment technology as an alternative to sample creation, 3D avatars that meet the needs of each brand should be developed. Virtual garment softwares that are available in the market provide avatars with standardized body models and allow to modify the size by manually entering size specifications. This study proposed a methodology to develop size specifications for 3D avatars as well as brand-customized production sizes. For this, a man's fashion brand which is using virtual garment technology is selected. And the Size Korea database is used to develop size specification based on the customers' body shape. This study developed regression equations on body size specifications, which in turn proposed a regression model to proportionately change size specifications of 3D fitting-mod- els. Based on the each body size calculated by the regression model, a standard model is created, and the skeleton-skin algorithm is applied to the regression model to obtain the results of size changes. Then, the 3D model sizes are tested for size changes as well as measured, which verifies that the regression model reflects body size changes.


The genus Bolandia (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) comprises two known species, B. pedunculosa and B. argillacea, previously included in Cineraria. Distinguishing features of Bolandia include the fusiform shape of the cypselae and strong median rib on the glabrous inner surface of the ray and outer disc cypselae, solitary ecalyculate capitula on long peduncles, and a truncate style apex with a central tuft of sweeping hairs. Bolandia occurs in the mountains of the Western Cape with a disjunct population of B. pedunculosa in the Witteberg of the Eastern Cape and the nearby Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho. Bolandia argillacea is endemic to the mountains near Worcestor in the Western Cape. Two forms of B. pedunculosa are informally recognised, a tomentose and a glabrescent form, the latter including plants previously known as C. albomontana.


Objective: Identify the monthly wastage of the Tetravalent vaccine (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine) and to quantify the monetary importance of such wastage for the public sector of Brazil. Methodology: The monthly vaccine wastage of the vaccination centers coordinated by the Epidemiology monitoring service of the Department of Health, Juiz de Fora city, MG, was analyzed in the period September 2008–May 2010. Its impact on the cost of the Tetravalent vaccine was also estimated. Results: The number of doses of Tetravalent vaccine distributed was 45340, with a monthly average of 2160 distributed doses, in the considered period. The monthly average wastage was minimum in November 2008 (10%), and maximum in April 2009 (43%). The average wastage was 16%, or 7255 doses. Conclusion: vaccine wastages are significant in the country.


The Raman microscope, which provides detailed molecular and/or crystallinity information with 1-µm spatial resolution, has been adapted for automated studies of microarrays and multiple-well plates. The system can provide identification of microsamples and information on binding. In combination with Ag, and Au colloids, sensitivity approaches single-molecule detection. Application areas include lab-on-a-chip (for reactions, separations, etc.), solid-phase synthesis, genomics/gene chips, proteomics (protein expression), and protein interactions (protein‐protein, enzyme-substrate, hormone‐receptor, antigen‐antibody, protein‐drug, etc.). Sample positioning is automated, and acquisition/data treatment protocols are stored for future use. In combination with three-tiered access, examination of large sample arrays can be automated for high-throughput screening.


The structure of a polysaccharide consisting of D-glucose isolated from the cell-wall of active dry baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was investigated by using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and enzymic hydrolysis, as a new approach in determination of structures. The main structural feature of the polysaccharide deduced on the basis of the obtained results is a linear chain of (1 3)-linked -D-glucopyranoses, a part of which is substituted through the positions O-6. The side units or groups are either a single D-glucopyranose or (1 3)--oligoglucosides, linked to the main chaing through (1 6)-glucosidic linkages. The low optical rotation as well as the 13 C-NMR and FTIR spectra suggest that the glycosidic linkages are in the -D-configuration.


Through all levels of educational plans stakeholders within the school system acknowledge the meaning of counselling skills for teachers. However, counselling parents is a specific challenge for teachers for which they are poorly trained. Formation and on-the-job-trainings occur punctual; evaluations, if they take place, are disparate. The Gmuend Model for parent counselling is designed as an integrated, school-related counselling and training concept drawing from humanistic psychology and including client-centered, transactional and solution focused work. As an evaluated (Aich, 2015) and published (Aich & Behr, 2015) model it is now implemented region-wide in Baden-Wuerttemberg based on support from school ministry and administrations. A first step evaluates the training of the multiplicators with first results indicating high levels of goal attainment and satisfaction about methods and outcome.


Undergraduate students who engage in research can realize a variety of personal and professional benefits. Studies of undergraduate research experiences in engineering have largely relied on survey methods, which can be subject to positive response bias due to acquiescence and/or social desirability. This research compared two convenience sources of information to determine the impacts of undergraduate research experiences for engineering students. Survey findings from 8-years assessing a summer REU site focused on environmental engineering (n=85) tended to be overwhelmingly positive based on Likert-type responses to pre and post survey questions. Open-ended responses were enlightening in regards to the most valuable aspect of the summer REU experience for the students. The second data source were yearly student interviews not explicitly targeted to study research experiences; nine engineering students discussed their research experiences. The interviews yielded more balanced discussions on the negative and positive aspects of research experiences. The immersive summer program that included cohort elements and intentional scaffolding generally provided different experiences compared to more individualized research during the academic year. The interview findings point to the benefits of rich research methods and raise concerns about placing too much weight on assessments based on responses to agree-disagree type survey items.


The last few months have been a whirlwind of change for almost everyone on the planet. The outbreak of COVID-19 has shut down huge segments of the ...


In order to further study the impact crushing mechanism of cement clinker, the impact experiment has been carried out at different impact angles. Impact crushing curves, acoustic emission signal and peak impact force and impact fracture morphology have been systematically studied. It is shown that each impact crushing curve includes an inertia peak and an actual impact peak. AE signal directly reflects the crack initiation and propagation during the process of impact experiment. With the increase of impact angle, the average value of peak impact force decreases. The peak impact force value reaches the minimum at 75 °. The experiment results will offer a successful alternative to the low – energy grinding of cement clinker.


We define a class of pure exchange Edgeworth trading processes that under minimal assumptions converge to a stable set in the space of allocations, and characterise the Pareto set of these processes. Choosing a specific process belonging to this class, that we define fair trading, we analyse the trade dynamics between agents located on a weighted network. We determine the conditions under which there always exists a one-to-one map between the set of networks and the set of stable equilibria. This result is used to understand what is the effect of the network topology on the trade dynamics and on the final allocation. We find that the positions in the network affect the distribution of the utility gains, given the initial allocations


Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells, in which one or more of the myeloid lineages are involved. Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the management of chronic myeloid leukemia, an MPN driven by the BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement, also known as the Philadelphia chromosome [1]. Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF), which constitute BCR-ABL1-negative MPNs, have relatively limited targeted therapeutic options. Ruxolitinib (Jakafi, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA), an orally bioavailable Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor, was approved by the US FDA in 2011 for the treatment of patients with intermediateand high-risk MF, including primary MF, post-PV MF, and post-ET MF [2], and in 2015 for PV patients who have had an inadequate response to or intolerance to hydroxyurea (HU) [3]. Traditional treatment for MPN is centered on managing symptoms, reducing burden of disease, preventing complications such as thrombosis, and maintaining hematological parameters within reasonable normalcy by using cytoreductive agents such as HU. The immunomodulatory cytokine interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is an emerging disease-modifying agent in MPNs, especially with the advent of highly effective, long-acting formulations with improved side-effect profiles. IFN-α-2b was first introduced in the treatment for Philadelphia-negative (Ph-neg) chronic myeloproliferative disorders almost three decades ago [4,5]. Preclinical data in mice model support that IFN preferentially depletes Jak2V617F MPN-propagating stem cells by activating cell cycle and promoting a predetermined erythroid-lineage differentiation program [6]. This was later shown to occur in humans by Prchal [7]. Several single-arm studies since then have demonstrated excellent outcomes, particularly for PV and ET, with responses in excess of 80% [8]. In early MF, IFNs can retard disease progression and reverse marrow changes [9]. These shortacting IFN regimes came at the cost of inconvenient treatment schedules, varying from once-daily treatment to three times weekly for periods of several months to a year or longer. Even though the dose of IFN required to treat MPN is low compared to that of other malignancies such as melanoma, toxicities are still a concern. Some of the earlier studies of IFN-α-2b in MPNs used higher than currently recommended doses that caused toxicities and early treatment discontinuation in about 20% of the patients. The pegylation of IFN, a process in which IFN is coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG), inhibits proteolytic breakdown and clearance and, thereby increasing its half-life, allows for a decreased frequency of administration and possibly better tolerability and adherence. Several long-acting formulations such as peg–IFN-α-2b (PEG-IntronTM Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ, USA), peg–IFN-α-2a (PEGASYS®, GenentechRoche, South San Francisco, CA, USA), and the more recent ultra-long-acting ropeginterferon-α-2b (AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, Vienna, Austria) have been licensed and evaluated in clinical trials. Peg–IFN-α-2b and IFN-α-2a are administered subcutaneously weekly, while ropeginterferon-α-2b can be administered once every 2 weeks. In spite of the perceived advantages of long-acting IFN, the only study that compared IFN-α-2b to peg–IFN-α-2b in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML showed clinically comparable response rate and safety profile [10]. Peg–IFN-α-2b effectively reduced platelet counts in 29 of 42 patients in a phase 2 study in patients with PV and ET, but only 19 patients maintained a complete response (CR) at 2 years [11]. Normalization of neutrophil polycythemia rubra vera 1 (PRV-1) messenger RNA overexpression was noted in 36% (5 of 14 patients who had initially overexpressed PRV-1), suggesting that PEG–IFN may have an effect on the malignant clone. Adverse events (AEs) were the cause for discontinuation of therapy in 16 of 23 patients (70%), and the predominant AEs were fatigue (26%), muscle pain (13%), and headache (9%). Flu-like symptoms, depression, erythema, hair loss, and tachycardia were other causes that led to treatment discontinuation. In patients who were able to continue therapy, these differences abated with time, and at the 24-month assessment, their quality of life was not different from baseline. In a phase 2 multicenter study of peg–IFN-α-2a of 40 PV patients, hematologic responses were observed in the 37 evaluable patients, including 94.6% CRs at 12 months [12]. This treatment regimen was better tolerated, with only three patients (8%) discontinuing the treatment. After the first year, 35 patients remained in hematologic CR, including five who had stopped peg–IFN-α-2a. No vascular events were recorded.


than chat and discussion lists and a greater emphasis on more formal varieties. As mentioned, the authors do point out the need for students to become aware of the different registers of communication on the Net and offer a number of activities to help them do so. In fact, it was this aspect of language on the Internet that attracted me to the book in the first place. I have always felt very cautious of the suggestion that the Web is a place where anything goes and still get irritated by those who send emails from generic addresses such as firstname.lastname@example.com but fail to identify themselves. While the authors lay out some rules about how to behave on the Web, I still feel that more could be said to emphasize that whatever your communication medium the important thing is to keep purpose and context in mind. Of course, the context includes the intended readers and their needs.


In this paper, a compact triplexer is proposed by cascading three tilted multimode interference couplers for FTTH applications. AH components based on silicon rib waveguides. Firstly, a MMI coupler is designed to separate the 1310 nm wavelength band by using pseudo self-imaging technique. A tiled MMI coupler is then cascaded to separate the 1490 nm and 1550 nm wavelength bands. Numerical simulations are utilized three-dimensional beam propagation method (3D-BPM) incorporated with effective index method (EIM) for designing and optimizing the whole device. Simulation results show that an optical performance of the device satisfies with ITU G.983 recommendation.


Prediction of farmland change is a basic work of farmland protection, and also provides basic data for land use planning. According to non-linear characteristic of farmland change, a new method which employs Cellular Automata and Logistic Regression Model to simulate and predict farmland change is discussed in this paper, and structure of Logistic-CA Model and parameters calculation are analyzed. And then, taking Xiantao City as a case, Logistic-CA Model mentioned in this paper was applied to simulate and predict farmland change in this area. Results show: (1)Logistic-CA Model can get rid of disadvantages of traditional mathematic models and get higher accuracy in farmland change prediction; (2)Logistic-CA Model can not only predict quantitative change of farmland, but also simulate pattern evolvement of farmland; (3)Logistic-CA Model can simulate and predict farmland change in various scenarios, and give evidences for establishing policies to protect farmland.


N-Nitroso compounds may be formed whenever a nitrosating agent interacts with a suitable secondary or tertiary nitrogen compound under favorable reaction conditions, The variety of nitrogen compounds susceptible to this process is very large, and nitrosamines have been found in an amazing array of products, including foods, beverages, industrial products, agricultural chemicals, tobacco and tobacco smoke, drugs and pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The same process that leads to the formation of N-nitroso compounds in the exogenous environment of man can yield similar products in his endogenous environment, particularly the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and infected bladder. This process of endogenous nitrosamine formation has recently been discussed in detail.' Why are N-nitroso compounds important? Many members of this class (e.g., N-nitrosodimethylamine) have been shown to be carcinogens in animals (Reference 2), and they are strongly suspected to be carcinogens in man. If N-nitroso compounds are toxicologically significant, then it is important to prevent their formation through elimination of one or both of the reactants or through prevention of the reactions leading to their formation. Many types of compounds can function in this manner, but two compounds in particular, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol, have the unique property of being both vitamins and effective blocking agents for nitrosation reactions. As will be seen, their vitamin function is unrelated to their blocking function. It will also be shown how the pair can synergistically inhibit nitrosation in multiphase systems, a desirable characteristic for foods and for the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.


A wide-ranging and comprehensive analysis of modern Welsh history by the acclaimed historian Kenneth O. Morgan. Taking as its starting-point 1880, the book covers all aspects of the nation's history from political, social, economic and religious development to literary, intellectual, and sporting achievement.


Prosodic elements are the essential elements in human beings' speech that can be used to know what the speakers of an utterance exactly mean when they are speaking. This research was a work of analysis on prosody of speech to know the emotion and the meaning of utterances. Descriptive qualitative type of research model was employed in this research. The object of the research was Mariah Carey's speech when she was receiving a special award named the Billboard artist of the decade in 1999. The researcher was interested in not only knowing about Mariah Carey's emotion and meaning when she was delivering her speech but also finding other uses of prosodic elements which were not found in the supporting previous literatures used in this research. Moreover, the possible contribution which these research findings could contribute to the EFL teaching and learning was also addressed. It is evident that prosody definitely has significant contribution in EFL teaching and learning especially in improving speaking and reading comprehension skills.


Based on constructivism,English classroom teaching should advocate the teaching mode of "learning from questions",stimulate students' cooperation and communication and strengthen the cultivation of exploration and creative ability.


The main factors of risk were analyzed and indications for preventive laser coagulation were specified in the paper. An approach was defined to ensure a maximally sparing surgical and stage-based laser treatment in retinal detachment, which is targeted at preventing its relapses and at improving the functional results.


Two butterflies, Eurema albula (Cramer) and Anthanassa argentea (Godman & Salvin), new to the United States, were collected in the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, in November 1993.


LOCATED in northwest China, Ningxia is the country's only Hui autono-mous region. Of its 6 million inhabitants, more than 2 million are Hui. While embracing modern life, the Hui people still keep faith with their own traditions and beliefs.


In systems containing pulsars, one may expect sufficient particle acceleration to produce extremely energetic photons. Reports of very high energy emission from such systems (Crab Nebula, PSR B1706-44, Vela, Centaurus X-3) have sparked recent interest. We present results from a search for very high energy photons (E> 350 GeV) emitted from isolated pulsars and pulsars in binary systems utilizing the Whipple 10 m atmospheric Cherenkov telescope. Our results are compared with predictions of high energy emission from pulsar systems.


Music appreciation is an important course in college teaching.It is concerned with many relevant disciplines and has a wide range of knowledge.To be a course gathering knowledge,entertainment,and appreciation and to reach the purpose of aesthetic education,music appreciation is a course worthy to do research.The paper expounds some problems of music appreciation on three aspects.


Van Gelder et al. nicely reviewed about the influence of the C0/D ratio and the CYP3A5 genotype on the outcome of kidney transplant (KTx) recipients treated with tacrolimus (Tac) (van Gelder et al., 2020). The authors report that our group has shown that fast Tac metabolism (C0/D ratio <1.05 ng/ ml/mg) is associated with a faster decline in renal function, a higher incidence of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (CNIT) and BK nephropathy and a lower survival rate (Tholking et al., 2014; Tholking et al., 2016; Schutte-Nutgen et al., 2019; Tholking et al., 2019). They comment that there is no evidence that switching from Tac to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) or other substances improves long-term outcome.


What is the relation between models, as used in model-theoretic semantics, and the "world" which models represent? More specifically, let us consider the question of whether a single individual, event, time or other element in a model might be used to represent more than one individual, event, time or other object in the real world. It should be understood that the question here is not whether groups of objects may be represented with some sort of "plural individual" in the style of Link (1983); rather, the idea is to use a model in which pragmatically irrelevant distinctions between individuals are ignored, so that the model "conflates" more than one realworld entity into a single model-theoretic entity, representing them as though they were the same object. This idea was argued for most explicitly and systematically, to my knowledge, in Nunberg (1984); though related ideas have been hinted at or suggested briefly or casually in a number of other places. The present paper provides arguments against this technique, as developed by Nunberg, and suggests an alternative approach to dealing with cases where the distinction between real-world individuals is pragmatically ignorable, based on the device of "Pragmatic Halos" presented in Lasersohn (1999). In considering this issue, we will also have to consider exactly what the point is of using models in model-theoretic semantics; and although this seems like a very elementary issue, and one which lies at the foundation of our whole technique, I think it is still an issue about which there is a great deal of obscurity and differences in thinking. To a surprising degree, semanticists often use essentially identical formalism, yet understand that formalism very differently.


Patented innovative principles of constructive decisions facilitated in the creation of special microsurgical complex instrumental in the insertion of micro particles into the cornea of experimental animals. The microsurgical complex consists of the device aimed at manufacturing micro particles; an instrument for trapping, holding and dosed shifting of micro particles; a universal microsurgical instrument for forming micro-injuries in the cornea of experimental animals; a microsurgical injector for micro particles' insertion into the cornea incision at a predetermined depth; and devices to operate the injector. This complex was used in our experiments. The complex helped to reproduce corneal injuries caused by foreign bodies. The obtained results open up wide opportunities for clinical, histological and biochemical study of such injury.


In developing countries like India, diarrheas are one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality among children. The incidence and mortality is high in Rural areas and unhealthy localities of Urban areas mainly due to poverty, illiteracy, bad personal hygiene, lack of health education and other factors. About 1.5 million children under the age group of five years die every year owing to acute diarrhea. Diarrheal diseases cause a heavy economic burden on health resources, as children with such diseases occupy about 15% of Paediatric beds in some developing countries. An individual below 12 yrs of age was considered as a child for the study. A child suffers on an average 10 to 15 episodes of diarrhea and of these, three to five occur in the first five years of life. A child with multiple episodes of diarrhea suffers from most severe form of protein energy malnutrition.


The tapered phased may (TPA) transducer consists of a linear array of piezoelectric elements which possess a linearly tapered thickness. In the transmit mode, the region of excitation along the elevation dimension of a tapered element is centered around that section having a resonance thickness corresponds to the center frequency of the applied pulse. Reciprocally, in the receive mode, the frequency spectrum of the detected echoes can be used to obtain information from the elevation dimension of the object being imaged. Thus, three-dimensional imaging is possible with a TPA. An analysis of an experimental verification and its implications will be discussed.


ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics characteristic of EEG in patient with acute cerebral stroke under eyes closed state. MethodsEEG were recorded in 31 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 22 healthy volunteers under eyes closed state. Correlation dimension (D_2) and Approximate Entropy (ApEn) were calculated for all subjects. ResultsD2 and ApEn of uninjured forehead cortex (FP_1,FP_2)reduced significantly in the group of cerebral infarction as compared with the group of normal control at eyes closed state. ConclusionDynamic analysis based on D_2 and ApEn topographic maps might be helpful in understand the changes of mental functions after stroke, that can be used in the study of mental function.


Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) arise most commonly in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) but may occur after radiotherapy as also in the absence of any clinical predisposition. 1 A 2-tiered grading system with low-(neurofibroma-like) and high-grade MPNSTs has been proposed, 2 the latter typically characterized by limited, if any, evidence of Schwannian differentiation at immunohistochemical level. In the parapharyngeal space, MPNST is rare. 3 It has been reported both in patients with and without NF-1 and exception-ally has been demonstrated to arise from the hypoglossal nerve. 4 We report a 50-year-old woman with a 6-month history of right neck painful swelling, right ear fullness and otalgia, and progressive dysphagia to solid foods. Prior radiotherapy was denied by the patient. Clinical examination revealed a tough and poorly moveable cervical mass and medialization of the right anterior tonsillar pillar and right lateral deviation of the tongue during the protrusion (Figure 1A). Laboratory investigations and radiography of the chest were normal. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (Figure 1B) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 1C and D) reveled a nodular enhancing lesion of 43 mm (cid:2) 40 mm (cid:2) 30 mm with a necrotic core at the level of the carotid bifurcation. Enlarged lymph nodes were not detected. The mass was excised through a transcervical approach. At surgery, it was localized in the poststyloid compart-ment of the parapharyngeal space and appeared strictly adherent to the hypoglossal


Farmland on the map,as part of the second national land survey,are reflected in the data for the planar pieces.In the process of data-adding with the current situation,generating a lot of debris,is an important task for data editing.In this theory two practical methods will be discussed.


In this paper, we study relations ranking and object classification for multi-relational data where objects are interconnected by multiple relations. The relations among objects should be exploited for achieving a good classification. While most existing approaches exploit either by directly counting the number of connections among objects or by learning the weight of each relation from labeled data only. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, TensorRRCC, which is able to determine the ranking of relations and the labels of objects simultaneously. Our basic idea is that highly ranked relations within a class should play more important roles in object classification, and class membership information is important for determining a ranking quality over the relations w.r.t. a specific learning task. TensorRRCC implements the idea by modeling a Markov chain on transition probability graphs from connection and feature information with both labeled and unlabeled objects and propagates the ranking scores of relations and relevant classes of objects. An iterative progress is proposed to solve a set of tensor equations to obtain the stationary distribution of relations and objects. We compared our algorithm with current collective classification algorithms on two real-world data sets and the experimental results show the superiority of our method.


The fourth industrial revolution sparked by the advent of the Internet caused a wide variety of media to interact with the shareholders of a company. The interaction on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, websites, and others, generated a large quantity of data that overwhelms the ability of a small entrepreneur to analyze, process and make appropriate decisions regarding the behavior of its consumers. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the social networks of "Sistemas Expertos SAS", a consulting company in project management through NVivo 12 software. For the construction of this case a bibliographic analysis of the literature and a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the social channels of the company under study were carried out, using the technology of "Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje" information processing and analysis laboratory. With this analysis we want to provide valuable information to better satisfy customers, thus generating social inclusion for small business owners who do not have access to advanced tools to innovate and allowing an approximation to the reality experienced by the 87% represented by Colombian small and medium sized enterprises.


Introduction: There is still a need for an automated and easy to use analysis tool for H MRSI data that could return estimated tissue proportions for each voxel to assess glial brain tumour grade, heterogeneity and infiltration. This would be valuable information for biopsy planning to find regions corresponding to the highest tumour grade present or surgery and radiotherapy planning by finding areas of infiltrative growth beyond abnormal regions shown on standard MRI. In this study we apply a recently published novel methodology for the classification of single voxel H MR brain tumour spectra [1] to 2D short echo MRSI data of WHO grade II (G2), III (G3) and IV gliomas (G4). The widespread analysis tool LCModel [2] is used to fit mean spectra (M) of different tumour grades and normal white matter (NWM) instead of individual metabolite spectra. To account for tumour heterogeneity within each tumour grade and white matter variation, a variability term (V) was calculated for each tissue type and added into the analysis. LCModel then gives an estimate of proportions of the tissue spectra for each MRSI voxel. Previous studies have shown that G3 gliomas share spectral characteristics with both G2 and G4 [3]. Therefore, for simplicity of the proof-of-principle method we only include G2 and G4 representations in the LCModel analysis calculated from single voxel data used in ref. [1]. The results are displayed in RGB colormaps and histograms showing the fitted tissue proportions for each MRSI dataset.


Logistics finance is one kind of innovative financial products sits at the intersection between logistics and finance that attracts more and more researchers and practioners.This paper reviews on loistics related study and practice from a historic view.First,on WRS,a traditional logistics finance service.Then focus on logistics finance in corporate finance and fiancial management fields.Following that,the paper examines the advanced logitics finance services——supply chain finance.


The text proposes a confrontation between Hannah Arendt's phenomenology of vita activa and the ethics of care. On the one hand, it intends to apply Arendtian distinctions between public and private sphere, and between labor, work and action , to the activity of caring, in order to reaffirm its relevance. On the other hand, the article considers the concept of «world» as key to the definition of care and it attempts a critical reinterpretation of Arendt's concepts, based on some feminists analysis and a responsive and corporeal phenomenology, to raise a nuanced vindication of public implications of caring, according to proposals of passage from ethics to «politics of care».


Purpose
This paper aims to accomplish friction stir welding (FSW) of Al–Li alloy AA8090 to determine optimal settings of the process parameters for higher tensile strength and higher micro-hardness (MH) to achieve the objective of adequate butt-joint strength.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical relation is implemented to govern the utmost influence parameters, i.e. tool rotation speed (TRS), tool transverse speed (TTS) and dwell time (DT). Taguchi grey relational analysis (GRA) was applied for multi-response optimization of response parameters. The grey relational grades (GRs) have been calculated for both the responses MH and ultimate tensile strength to get optimal parametric settings. The variance test has been performed to check the adequacy of the model.

Findings
The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design was used in establishing the relation between input parameter and output parameter (tensile and MH). TTS and DT have been predicted to be the two most important parameters that influence the extreme quality features of joints by using friction stir welding. Scanning electron microscopy fractography shows the ductile failure of the welded joints.

Originality/value
The experimental trials provided the followings results, maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 219 MPa and MH 107.1 HV under 1,400 rpm of TRS, 40 mm/min of TTS and 8 s of DT founded the optimum value through GRA.


This paper determines the index system of ERP implementation project risk evaluation on the basis of former researches,establishes the risk evaluation model of ERP implement based on FAHP (fuzzy analytical hierarchy process) method,and makes the concrete analysis connecting with a specific example.


One of the key characteristics of the projects, especially construction projects, is executing the scope of work in a specific amount of time. As project time overrun may have bad consequences for the project performing organization such as cost overrun, damage of company's reputation, etc. it is important to clarify between causes of excusable delays and causes of non-excusable delays. Major purpose of this paper is to identify non-excusable delays of executive companies of Mapna Group in order to improve time performance of the project by managing better these causes. The scope of the research is the projects including thermal power plant, steam and power and utility projects which are completed or being executed by these affiliated companies. In this paper top 20 causes of non-excusable delay of construction projects have been identified by a Delphi questionnaire survey and applying Mean Rank method. To determine whether there is degree of agreement among the panel of experts with respect to their ranking of the causes of non-excusable construction delays, a test of hypothesis was developed and a significant degree of agreement among the expert was verified. "Not selecting competent subcontractors" was selected as the most important cause of none-excusable construction delays. Keywords-non-execuable delay; construction; subcontractor; performing organization


Proteoglycans are structural and informational molecules important during embryogenesis and organ maturation. Maturation of the prostate is influenced by androgens and estrogens, but changes in the relative spatiotemporal expression of steroid receptors and proteoglycans during hormonal change are unexplored.


Abstract This article describes the conjugation between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the major mycotoxins, and alkaline phosphatase (AP), one of the most used enzymes for immunoassays. In addition, an application of the ELISA method for aflatoxin B1 determination in corn is presented. Three AFB1–AP conjugates in different toxin–enzyme ratios were prepared and tested. The ELISA results, developed with the most effective conjugate obtained, showed a satisfactory working range between 2.4 and 4000 ng of toxin/g of corn. The detection limit was 2 ng/g in corn samples, and recoveries ranged from 105 to 120%.


Neutrophil degranulation is characterized by the fusion of azurophil and specific granules with the plasma membrane. This process is preceded by a complex series of alterations in membrane phospholipid composition mediated, at least in part, by phospholipases C and D. The activation of phospholipase C activation initiates a rise in intracellular Ca2+, while phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid(PA). (This conversion of PC to PA converts a nonfusogenic phospholipid to a fusogenic one). Using a Streptolysin O permeabilized cell model, we examined the potential role of PLD metabolism on Ca2+-induced degranulation in human neutrophils. Neutrophils permeabilized with streptolysin O can be induced to release their granular contents in response to elevated extracellular [Ca2+]. We found that the addition of exogenous(Streptomyces chromofuscus) PLD caused a dose-dependent augmentation in the Ca2+-induced release of both specific (lactoferrin) as well as azurophil (β-glucuronidase) granular contents (Table 1). Secretion was dependent on both permeabilization as well as the preactivation of PLD with non-stimulatory [Ca2+], indicating that actual metabolism by PLD was important and that it was targeting an intracellular membrane. This work was funded by NICHD and NIAID grants HD28820 and AI20065


We firstly fabricated a peculiar 3D structure of Bi2S3 salix leaf-like nanosheet/TiO2 nanorod branched heterostructure arrays by a convenient hydrothermal method and discussed their mechanism of improving photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) properties. The salix leaf-like Bi2S3 nanosheets (NSs) were grown on TiO2 nanorod arrays through controlling the molar ratio of EDTA-Na2/Bi3+ and the reaction time. The morphology, crystal structure, microstructure and optical performance of the 3D Bi2S3 NS/TiO2 NRs at different reaction times were investigated. The results show that the branched heterostructure of 3D Bi2S3 NS/TiO2 NR arrays exhibits enhanced photocurrent density and optical absorption, which were attributed to the larger Bi2S3 surface area, as well as a direct electron path within the salix leaf-like Bi2S3 NS and TiO2 NR heterojunctions, resulting from more excitation sites of incident light. The photocurrent density of the 3D Bi2S3 NS/TiO2 NR arrays was almost 9 times greater than that of pristine TiO2 without a branching structure. The results of the present work demonstrate that fabrication of the branched Bi2S3 NS/TiO2 NR heterogeneous structure is a significant fabrication technology with great promise in PECs.


ABSTRCT: The behavior of soft soil is encoded at the granular-scale and hence methods for multiple scales from granular-scale to field-scale are certainly needed to get a more accurate prediction of soil behavior. In the process of simulation, the material properties are important too. The inhomogeneities exist at different length-scales in geomechanical problems and greatly affect the mechanical behaviors of geo-material. In this paper, taking the soft soil in south of China as the research object, the soil microstructure random geometric model is established by using the Monte Carlo method, which is also implemented into the finite element method codes to perform the finite element analysis of soft soil triaxial consolidation process. This probabilistic simulation approach is then compared with testing data. Numerical examples are presented to show how the performance of the geo-system is influenced by taking into account random fields.


The invention relates to a handwriting recognition tool. Some implementations may provide a method implemented on a processor, the method includes: receiving, on a computer host, an electronic document representing a pharmaceutical prescription; identifying constituent regions that include at least a first portion and a second portion within the electronic document; identifying first spatial frequencies for the first portion within the electronic document; identifying second spatial frequencies for the second portion within the electronic document; identifying a header based upon the first spatial frequencies; using the header to identify a prescriber; retrieving a profile for the prescriber; analyzing the second spatial frequencies using the profile for the prescriber; and creating, based upon analyzing the second spatial frequencies using the profile for the prescriber, a transaction record on the computer host for a medical transaction associated with the pharmaceutical prescription.


The pharmacological actions such as analgesic effect, diuretic action, hypoglycemic activity and hypotensive action were studied on the methanol extract of the Japanese mistletoe and the European mistletoe. The both extracts showed the hypotensive action when administered intravenously to cat. The methanol extract of the Japanese mistletoe also showed a increase of K+ value in the urine when administered orally to rat.


The well-known secretary problem in sequential analysis and optimal stopping theory asks one to maximize the probability of finding the optimal candidate in a sequentially examined list under the constraint that accept/reject decisions are made in real-time. The problem is related to practical questions arising in online search, data streaming, daily purchase modeling and multi-arm bandit mechanisms. An extension is the postdoc problem, for which one aims to identify the second-best candidate with highest possible probability of success. We solve the postdoc problem for the nontraditional setting where the candidates are not presented uniformly at random but rather according to permutations drawn from the Mallows distribution. The optimal stopping criteria depend on the choice of the Mallows model parameter $\theta$: For $\theta > 1$ , we reject the first $k^{\prime}(\theta)$ candidates and then accept the next left-to-right second-best candidate (second-best ranked when comparing with all appeared candidates). This coincides with the optimal strategy for the classical postdoc problem, where the rankings being drawn uniformly at random $(\boldsymbol{i}.\boldsymbol{e}. \theta=1)$. For $0 < \theta\leqslant 1/2$, we reject the first $k^{\prime \prime}(\theta)$ candidates and then accept the next left-to-right best candidate; if no selection is made before the last candidate, then the last candidate is accepted. For $1/2 < \theta < 1$ , we reject the first $k_{1}(\theta)$ candidates and then accept the next left-to-right maximum, or reject the first $k_{2}(\theta)\geqslant k_{1}(\theta)$ candidates and then accept the next left-to-right second-maximum, whichever comes first.


According to that old story, a local giving directions to a lost traveler says, "If I wanted to get there, I wouldn't start from here." Medicine finds itself far from the bedside,1,2 seeking a way back, unsure where to begin. Thatwehavewanderedfarafield isplain tosee.Core bedside skills of history taking and physical examination—still vital to comprehensive assessment, diagnostic accuracy,3 and trulypatient-focusedcare—are taught andassessed in the first twoyearsofmedical school but largely ignored once the student reaches the clinical years.4 During residency, development of these skills is assumed when in fact they wither further.5 The physical examinationofnewly admittedpatients is often cursoryand,what isworse, pervertedbydrop-downboxes into an exaggerated and invented form that reads better than the truth. Technologydrivesdiagnosis,but itoftenmerelysubstitutes our fears of uncertainty with delusions of certainty. We seem increasingly chained to the computer, providingperfectcaretoourvirtualpatient, the iPatient.2 More has seemed better than less for so long that we now need a national campaign6 to alert our patients to "JustSayNo"andsave themselves fromthehazardsand costs of diagnostic misadventure. While we all agonize over the spiraling costs of a "Hi-Tech, Lo-Think" approach, many stand to gain from its persistence. But we have to start somewhere. The way physiciansare taught is fundamental to the typeofhealthcare they deliver. The road back to the bedside will, we believe, start at the bedside, in the way that clinical skills are taught and assessed. We in the United States stand out among other major Western health care professionals in having a summative postgraduate medical certification process that is entirely dependent on the assessment of knowledge. Elsewhere, for example, the United Kingdom, internal medicine trainees must additionally pass a clinical skills assessment in which independent facultylevel examiners directly observe resident-level trainees assessing real patients.7 In the States, no high-stakes clinical skills assessment for the purpose of certification in internal medicine has survived. The USMLE Step 2 CS is for many trainees the last time that their clinical skills are objectively assessed, and it ensures that a basic level of competence is attained. But given its current content and standard, it cannot equip internal medicine trainees for future practice and appears tomark an end, not a beginning. Meanwhile, high scores on tests of knowledge directly translate into better career prospects. If "assessment does indeed drive learning,"8 we should not be surprised if our trainees prefer books to the bedside. In theabsenceof ahigh-stakes assessmentofpostgraduate clinical skills,wehavemyriad formativeworkplace-based tools, but we use them infrequently and inconsistently,9 perhapsbecausewedoubt their veracity or perhaps because it is difficult enough to find faculty willing and confident in their own clinical skills sufficient toteachorassess residents.Escalatingconstraints ofworkhour rules, rapidturnover,andtheneedfordocumentationadd to theproblem.Directobservation is the key to the development of competence10; in its absence a resident's expertise in interpreting information gathered is taken tomean that he or she has similar expertise in gathering the information. As matters stand, assessment of residents' clinical skills often appears to be based on little more than the general impression of attending physicians, whose own clinical skills were never directly observed. Can it really be that an internal medicine trainee passes throughhis or her entire residencywithout ever assessingapatientunder thedirectobservationofa faculty-level assessor?Whatwould our patients say if they knew?Muchthesame,wesuspect, if theywere told that their pilot had never been vetted in the cockpit. AtStanford,our interest inbedsidemedicineandthe presence of a visitor (A.E.) on sabbatical from a system where high-stakes postgraduate clinical skills assessment remains thenorm, ledus to fourprinciples toguide ourownefforts toenhance residents' bedside skills and begin on the path back: 1. Involve Real Patients. As valuable as "simulated patients"—of humankind or mannequin-kind—can be, the term is only 50% correct: "simulated," yes; "patient," no. Teaching and assessing higher-level clinical skills, such as the ability to discriminate between normal and abnormal in the physical examination, require real patients with real signs. Our first step is the establishment of a database of patients willing and able to help. 2. ObserveResidents' Practice.Direct observation and appraisal of trainees by trainers must increase both in informal day-to-dayworking practice orwith new or established tools. We are piloting our own bedside skills assessment,with real patients and facultylevel assessors, modeled on theMembership of the Royal Collegeof Physicians (MRCP)PACESexamination, which is conducted worldwide (and for which A.E. serves as chair of the examining board). 3. Demonstrate Clinical Skills. Direct observation is a two-sidedcoin—traineesmust alsoobserve theclinical method of their trainers. InWorkshops:Wedevote fourmorning report sessions eachmonth to a Stanford Medicine 25 session: a hands-on demonstration of a physical diagnosis technique.11 At the Bedside:Our core group of attendings are our hospitalists, who have taken the lead in our bedside medicine efforts; their continued interest and experience as bedside teachers leverage A PIECEOFMY MIND


The practice of realization in the USA and European Union of the parties' autonomy due to the choice of law, applicable to the cross-border online-contract is explored in the article. Particularly the problems of the choice of law, applicable to the cross-border online-contracts B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer) и C2C (consumer to consumer) are analyzed. The question is raised about the fairness of undiscussible clause, considering the choice of law, applicable to the online-contract involving consumers. According to the doctrine, legislation and practice the procedural and constitutive approaches to the solving of this question are observed in the article.


Normal School in the early twentieth century, described Burgos in an interview from the 1970s as "algo modernista" (somewhat modernist).' Burgos's modernism, according to Vilela, was attributable to the fact that she did things that other Spanish women of her time (she lived from 1867 to 1932) did not dare, such as having coffee alone at a public caf6. Vilela further deemed Burgos rather "Bolchevique," because she openly stated her thoughts in a frank, down-to-earth manner. Concepci6n Vilela's use of the term "modernista" to describe a socially liberated woman reminds us of the slipperiness of the term "modernist" in defining early twentieth-century Spanish culture. It can refer to social phenomena as in Villela's comments on Burgos, to Hispanic literary trends associated with those who followed Ruben Dario's symbolist/Parnassian use of language, or to European high modernism that includes an emphasis on consciousness and artistic forms that break with nineteenth-century realism (Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Thomas Mann, and William Faulkner, or Miguel de Unamuno, Ramon del Valle-Inclin, Pio Baroja, Azorin, Gabriel Mir6, and Ram6n P6rez de Ayala in Spain). Even though she lived and wrote in the Spanish modernist period (roughly 1898-1939), Carmen de Burgos is rarely mentioned in studies of it (nor is any other woman writer, for that matter).2 Burgos's case, however, is instructive when defining Spanish modernism in general and the role of women writers within it. Concepci6n Villela's mildly pejorative statement about Burgos's modernista qualities also reminds us that literary modernism was a particularly masculine movement and that "modernist" women were out of place. Literary modernism emphasized form and philosophy over social phenomena such as women's shifting roles in the modern world. Thus, I propose (at least for the Spanish case) a concept of modernism that includes the kind of social modernism in which Burgos participated. Carmen de Burgos was a "modern" (in Spanish una mujer moderna), if not "modernist" (modernista) writer as the term is


Node development of a crop plant can be used as a reference in making crop management decisions such as timing foliar fungicide application. A study was conducted in southwest Saskatchewan in 2001 and 2002 to characterize the nodal development, branching, and thermal time requirements on the main stem (MS) and on the branches of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Large (9.1–11.0 mm) and small (8.1–9.0 mm) diameter seeds were planted at early-, normal-, and late-seeding dates in each year, and the crop was grown with recommended agronomic practices. The MS nodes were numbered upwards from the plant base, with the 1st node being the one immediately above the hypocotyls. All branches were identified and named in correspondence with their positions on the MS. The total number of nodes produced on the MS was 20 in the dry year of 2001 and 24 in the wet year of 2002, and their appearance was a function of growing-degree-days (GDD). The rate of the branch development in 2001 was greater compared with 2002 due to hig...


The objective of this article is to evaluate what ABC (Activity Based Costing) is, and to present, in a systematic form, a suggestion for the implantation of criteria for aplication at a naval construction company. Basically, the study intends, through the case study demo, make executives aware of the dificulties and oportunities offered by the implementation of an ABC system, in an area in need of new managerial methods.


A method for development of the ceramic-metal band-pass direct-coupled-resonator filters is described. The example of practical application of the method for designing the produced filters is given.


Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key components of pathologic vessel growth and efforts aimed at their reduction are clinically essential. Cyclic nucleotide signaling has long been studied for its growth‐mitigating properties, and in the current study we hypothesized that the novel soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY 60–2770 (BAY) inhibits proliferation and migration of rat primary VSMCs through PKA and PKG. BAY significantly reduced cell numbers in concentration‐dependent fashion after 72 h (0.1–10 μM) and S‐phase cell numbers (~40%) after 16 h with no effects on cell viability. Interestingly, BAY caused nominal reduction (~20%) in cell migration after 16 h. Mechanistically, BAY significantly induced cGMP in concentration‐and time‐dependent fashion without apparent effects on cAMP. In‐Cell Western analysis showed that BAY significantly increased phosphorylation of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser157 and Ser239, respective indicators of PKA and PKG signaling. Lastly, BAY doubled PKG activity without observable effects on PKA activity. These data suggest that BAY has capacity to inhibit VSMC proliferation through cGMP/PKG/VASP signaling. This work was supported by NHLBI grants HL59976 and HL81720 and by an ECU Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity Award.


Enigmatic folk similes are a special kind of language form in Chinese idiom,with a strong sense of national characteristics and particular structure.It hardly finds its corresponding expressions,and so the translation of enigmatic folk similes becomes a great challenge for the translators.Generally speaking,it can be categorized into two groups:pun and metaphor enigmatic folk similes.The author of this present thesis has an attempt to illustrate and expound the translation principles and methods often used in the Chinese enigmatic folk similes.


A systematic analysis of the use of slots to reduce stray losses in the horizontal plates of the T-beams in shell-form power transformers is presented. In the paper, the horizontal plate of T-beams is modeled as a rectangular stainless steel plate subjected to a perpendicular uniform magnetic field generated by a Merritt coil. The results are compared with the values given by an analytical formula for calculating the losses in a stainless steel plate without slots. The following important design alternatives are analyzed and discussed: (1) plates with rounded slots; (2) plates with unrounded slots; (3) effect of width and length of one slot; (4) effect of the distance between slots; (5) effect of number of slots. It has been found that substantial loss reduction can be obtained when drilling a few slots. Measurements of flux densities were done for seven shell-form power transformers. Using the measurements we calculated the losses in the plates using formula. Using the results of the design alternatives the efficiency of the use of slots in plates of real T-beams was demonstrated. Finally, a structural analysis was made to study the impact of slots in an experimental slotted T-beam. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


This case commentary analyses the qualification of administrative actions, with regard to the Supreme Court judgment, Chamy Society v. Valparaiso Municipality (8th October 2019), which distinguishes different domains of the annulment and full jurisdiction action.


Background : Left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) is one of the complications of hypertension and has been known as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular complications. Recently, it has been reported that hypertensive patients with LVH had the most advanced extracardiac target-organ damage compared with other groups. Previous reports have shown that mean plasma atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels in hypertensive patients are higher than in normotensive subjects. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationships between the plasma ANP and BNP levels and the degree of LVH in hypertensive patients and in normotensive subjects and also investigated the clinical significance of measurement of plasma ANP and BNP levels. Methods : In all study subjects, left ventricle mass index ( LVMI ) and left ventricle geometry were measured by M-mode echocardiography. Measurements were made by the recommend-ations of the American Society of Echocardiography. Plasma ANP and BNP levels were measured by radioim-munoassay method. Results : 1 ) 57% of the hypertensive patients had eccentric hypertrophy and 6% had concentric hypertrophy. 2 ) LV mass and LVMI of normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients were 169 ± 53 g, 229 ± 64 g and 99 ± 27.3 g/m 2 , 142 ± 37.7 g/m 2 , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . 3 ) There were statistically significant correlations between blood pressure and LVMI in all subjects ( r = 0.43, p < 0.05 ) . 4 ) Plasma ANP levels were significantly increased in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects ( 28.2 ± 14.3 pg/mL and 42.8 ± 26 pg/mL, respectively ; p < 0.05 ) . 5 ) Plasma BNP levels were significantly increased in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects ( 18.4 ± 5.4 pg/mL and 36.5 ± 26 pg/mL ; respectively, p < 0.05 ) . 6 ) Plasma BNP levels were significantly increased in 63% of the hypertensive patients with LVH ( p < 0.05 ) . 7 ) There were statistically significant correlations between blood pressure and plasma ANP and BNP levels ( ANP : r = 0.39, p < 0.05, BNP : r = 0.31, p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions : Plasma ANP and BNP levels were increased in the hypertensive patients but only plasma BNP levels were significantly increased in the hypertensive patients with LVH. of plasma BNP levels may be useful for early detection of LVH, an independent risk factor of cardiovascular complications. Therefore intensive blood pressure control in these patients may reduce cardio-논문접수일:2000년 vascular morbidity mortality.