J.H. Simmonds was appointed to the Department of Agriculture and Stock (now Department of Primary Industries) in Brisbane on 6 October 1922, in the position of Assistant to Entomologist. Special leave was granted immediately to allow completion of university studies, and he took up duty on 19 March 1923 with a B.Sc. (Hons) from the University of Queensland. His immediate superiorwas HenryTryon, Government Entomologist from 1894-1900 and Government Entomologist and Vegetable Pathologist 1901-1929. Others appointed to Tryon's staff at about the same time were WAT. Summerville, J. Weddell and F. Holdaway. As graduates, Simmonds and Holdaway were paid £300 ($600) per annum, while the qualification of Senior Public examination entitled the other two appointees to £250. The four new staff worked together in one room, sharing a table on which each person's working space was delimited by chalk lines. The nearest telephone was on the floor above, and scientific equipment consisted mainly of hand lenses and jars used to elucidate insect life cycles, then unknown for some of the economically important plant pests. J.H. Simmonds was assigned field work, mainly in coastal districts served by the railway. Such trips usually involved considerable walking carrying a field bag, although occasionally travel was on horseback. Overnight stays in country hotels were common. Field work by staff appointed in later years was also encouraged and was facilitated by useful grower cooperation. During the first years with Henry Tryon he was introduced to and became interested in plant pathology, a subject not available in his university training. He therefore returned to the University of Queensland in August 1924, where DA Herbert (later Professor of Botany) provided instruction in mycology and plant


The microstructure of the as-quenched plate martensite in a high-C steel 100Cr6 was characterized by means of electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. The carbon redistribution behavior was investigated at the atomic scale, which revealed the nature of the transformation dynamics influenced by carbon and other substitutional alloying elements. A model was proposed to predict the carbon redistribution at twins and dislocations in martensite, which was based on their spatial arrangements.


Based on summing up the research achievements on the human capital property and motivation mechanism,and through analyzing the characteristics of human capital property of professional and technical talents and the present situation of motivation mechanism for professional and technical talents,this paper constructs the motivation mechanism of human capital property for professional and technical talents.


As a powerful mathematical framework that allows intelligent agents to gradually learn their optimal strategies in unknown dynamic environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has found its success in many important applications. Nonetheless, a common stumbling block of RL algorithms is their low learning speed. Although different methods have been developed in literature to enhance the learning speed when special structure or prior learning experience is available, expediting RL in the general settings still remains a challenge. The Zap Q-learning is a recent breakthrough in this direction, which is shown to be an order of magnitude faster than the conventional Q-learning and its cutting-edging variants. Inspired by this exciting result, a novel algorithm, termed Glide and Zap Q-learning (G-Zap Q-learning), is proposed in this work by incorporating a novel gliding step into the learning process. The proposed algorithm is provably convergent to the optimal strategy and can further increase the learning speed of the original Zap Q-learning by several folds. In addition, it is applicable to general Markov decision processes (MDPs) and hence assumes wide applications. Simulations over both randomly generated MDPs and an exemplary application of privacy-aware task offloading in mobile-edge computing are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


An example scenario intended to illustrate documentation and coding for a patient with ADHD who is presenting for a follow-up visit.


'Campigiossa vaga' Hardy and Drew is transferred to 'Scedella' Munro (comb. n.). 'Mesodanis campiglossina' Hering [ - 'Campigiossa turneri' Hardy and Drew, syn. n.] is transferred to 'Austrotephritis' Hancock and Drew (comb, n.) and its type locality of 'India or' is regarded as an error ['recte' Western Australia].


10504 Background: Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline genetic variants are estimated to occur in 10-15% of all prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, genetic testing for PCa patients is underutilized, partially due to complicated and restrictive testing guidelines developed at a time when the cost of testing was high. We conducted a study based in community urology clinics to determine the incidence of P/LP variants in PCa patients who met and did not meet the NCCN 2019 PCa germline genetic testing criteria. Methods: An IRB-approved, multicenter, prospective registry was initiated with 15 community and academic urologists nationwide. Eligibility criteria included patients with a PCa diagnosis unselected for personal or family history, stage or histology who had not been previously tested. Consecutive patients ages 18-90 were consented and underwent an 84-gene germline panel test. HIPAA-compliant electronic case report forms distributed to clinician collected information on patient diagnoses, NCCN testing criteria, and results-based recommendations. Results: To date, 640 enrolled patients have genetic testing results available. Overall, 69 (10.8%) patients had 72 P/LP variants detected, 15% of which were in BRCA1/2. Of the 532 patients for whom we have clinician-reported data, 293 (55%) met NCCN criteria and 239 (45%) did not. Median age was 70 (range 44-90). Overall, 11.1% (59/532) of patients with clinician-reported data had a P/LP variant. 36 (12.3%) of patients who met NCCN criteria and 23 (9.6%) of patients who did not meet criteria had a P/LP variant. The difference in P/LP rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.33). If only a conservative 12-gene PCa panel was considered, P/LP yield was 5.5% (29/532), with 8 (28%) of these patients missed by guidelines. Stratification by self-reported ethnicity was: 76% White/Caucasian (52 patients w/ P/LP), 18% Black/African American (2 patients w/ P/LP), and <5% each of Hispanic or Asian. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the yield of P/LP variants between patients who met and those who did not meet NCCN PCa guidelines, reinforcing that a significant number of P/LP variants are missed if NCCN guidelines are required for genetic testing. Expanded panel testing yields more medically actionable P/LP variants than testing BRCA1/2 alone or PCa panels with 12 genes. While 18% of the cohort was Black/African American, there was a lower P/LP rate (2%) relative to other groups, indicating that more research is needed to understand genetic variation in underrepresented populations with PCa.


Wireless ad hoc networks, due to their inherent unreliability, pose significant challenges to the task of achieving tight coordination among nodes. The failure of some nodes and momentary breakdown of communications, either of accidental or malicious nature, should not result in the failure of the entire system. This paper presents an asynchronous Byzantine consensus protocol-called Turquois-specifically designed for resource-constrained wireless ad hoc networks. The key to its efficiency is the fact that it tolerates dynamic message omissions, which allows an efficient utilization of the wireless broadcasting medium. The protocol also refrains from computationally expensive public-key cryptographic during its normal operation. The protocol is safe despite the arbitrary failure of f <; n/3 nodes from a total of n nodes, and unrestricted message omissions. Progress is ensured in rounds where the number of omissions is σ ≤ [n-t/2] (n - k - t) + k - 2, where k is the number of nodes required to terminate and t ≤ f is the number of nodes that are actually faulty. These characteristics make Turquois the first consensus protocol that simultaneously circumvents the FLP and the Santoro-Widmayer impossibility results, which is achieved through randomization. Finally, the protocol was prototyped and subject to a comparative performance evaluation against two well-known Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus protocols. The results show that, due to its design, Turquois outperforms the other protocols by more than an order of magnitude as the number of nodes in the system increases.


In recognition of the policies of Diabetes , specifically that "[a]t the time of submission, authors should disclose details of related papers they have authored […], similar papers in press, and any …


Participants can update memory for the binding of perceptual features to object locations, but only for approximately two objects, which is significantly smaller than VSTM capacity and significantly smaller than Cowan, N., Elliott, E. M., Saults, J. S., Morey, C. C., Mattox, S., Ismajatulina, A., et al. (2005). On the capacity of attention: Its estimation and its role in working memory and cognitive aptitudes. Cognitive Psychology, 51, 42-100. , 1997).


Abstract Introduction: Acromegaly results from the chronic and persistent elevation of growth hormone (GH) circulating levels. Several isoforms of the receptor of GH have been identified; one contains exon 3 giving rise to the full form of the GHR or full-length (fl), and another one lacking this exon (d3). This isoform heterogeneity results in the following genotypes: homozygous fl, heterozygous d3/fl and homozygous d3. Objective: To determine if the GHR genotype influences the clinical and/or biochemical expression of acromegaly. Methods: Forty-nine (30 women/19 men) acromegalic patients and forty-one control subjects (22 women/19 men), aged 30 to 76 years, who attended the Endocrinology Department of a Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were evaluated. Genotyping of the GHR was performed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (GAP-PCR). Clinical data were recorded, and general biochemical and hormonal determinations were carried out (IGF-1, GH and PRL). To measure tumor dimension, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the sellar area was performed in all patients. Results: The frequency of the genotypes was 61.2% homozygous fl, 34.7 % heterozygous d3/fl and 4.1 % homozygous d3 in acromegalic patients and 48.8% homozygous fl, 41.5% heterozygous d3/fl and 9.7% homozygous d3 in control subjects. The frequency of the genotypes in the studied population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.8878). In this group of acromegalic patients, we did not observe any associations of the genotypes with the body mass index (BMI), the presence of micro or macroadenomas, the response to treatment, the presence of hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidaemia, neither with GH, IGF-1 or PRL levels. Conclusion: The present study confirms that the distribution of the allele coding for the isoform without the exon 3 of GHR in this group of acromegalic patients is similar to that observed in healthy subjects and to that reported in the literature. On the other hand, the presence of the polymorphism of the GHR is not related to BMI, tumor size, response to treatment, metabolic alterations or to hormonal levels in this group of acromegalic patients evaluated.


Abstract : Spectral imagery provides multi- dimensional data, which are difficult to display in standard three-color image formats. Tyo, et al. (2001) propose an invariant display strategy to address this problem. This approach is to mimic the dynamics of human perception. The dimensionality of the data are reduced by using a Principal Component (PC) transformation, and then displayed by making used of a Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) display transform. This study addresses the PC transformation strategy, looks for a global eigenvector via visualization of HSV color space information, and examines the suggested algorithm to provide the most intuitive display. The user interface created in this thesis is capable of computing the necessarily implementation of the proposed strategy, viewing selected Region of Interest (ROI) in HSV color space model in 3D, and viewing the 2D resultant image.


Oral isotretinoin, hormonal agents and photodynamic therapy all are effective modalities for acne treatment that work through the sebaceous gland — yet caveats apply to each.


The facts concerning the origin, course and prognosis of the non-pigmented cancer of the retina occurring in children are well known. Wintersteiner's classical monograph, in which he describes 467 cases, has been referred to as a basis of their remarks by authors who have published accounts of individual cases. Wehrli1believes that retinal hemorrhages are the prime etiologic factor, because he has found rosettes, the centers of which were formed by the smallest vessels. These vessels were fully developed and for the most part degenerated, while their lumen contained remnants of red blood corpuscles surrounded by epithelial-like tumor cells.2Lindenfeld3in the study of the normal eyes of the fetus speaks of "granular rosette folds and folds of undifferential cells. From the cells may be derived the similarly arranged cells of retinal glioma." Fuchs'4description of the pathology and changes voices the generally accepted opinion: It


When temperature of environment varies,wireless strain acquisition node has temperature drift error which affects its measurement precision.Main reason of temperature drift error is difference between temperature coefficients of bridge arm resistances.According to relationship between temperature drift error and temperature,premeasure node temperature drift error of some typical temperature point by experimental method,cubic spline interpolation algorithm is adopted to correct measurement datas,realize software compensation of temperature drift error of wireless strain acquisition node.Experimental result shows that temperature drift error is less than±10×10-6/℃ after compensation,which is reduced by 75% compared with which is before compensation,within the temperature range of 25~57 ℃,and the measurement precision is also significantly improved while measuring longitudinal temperature force of continuous welded rails by simulation device.


The crisis in Catalonia has thrown into sharp relief the choice facing the European Union, writes Joan Costa i Font. He argues Spain should quickly offer a binding referendum on Catalan independence. If Catalans reject an EU-backed offer, there could be an orderly secession. The Catalan independence movement is not like Brexit: most Catalan parties are keen to be part of a federal Europe. But with so many other EU regions clamouring for autonomy too, the chance of contagion is high. Europe needs to decide whether it is a confederation of nation states – or a federation of regions, determined democratically at the grassroots.


Abstract With the advent of advanced telecommunication networks, the range of location selection has expanded. The impact of telecommunications on the choice of location for businesses active in producer services is so far unclear. None the less, it has become evident that many other factors are of importance in determining office location patterns. Office location and its effect on urban structures has been one of the most important aspects of post‐World War II economic changes in developed countries. The increasing importance of the service sector in modem economies necessitates elaboration of locational behaviour in producer service firms. The objective of the research summarized in this paper was to evaluate location of producer service firms in the Istanbul metropolitan area. The method of factor analysis was utilized to define factors important in determining office location patterns. Factor analysis would indicate the main axis of data variation. It is basically a data reduction method that identif...


A new solution processed A–π–D–π–A type small molecule denoted as DCATT-L has been synthesized as a donor for bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Compared with its isomer DCATT, reported in our previous work, DCATT-L possesses the same building blocks, but different π-bridge configurations and hence different backbone configurations. Changing the π-bridge with delicate designs, the absorption coefficient is increased significantly and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level is decreased by 0.1 eV. The excellent optical and electrical properties of DCATT-L guarantee the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 7.72%, compared with that of DCATT (5.20%), with simultaneously increasing open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor.


The study investigated the determinants of farmers' participation in food market in Oyo State Nigeria with objective of examining the impact of socio-economic variables in this regards. Well-structured questionnaire was designed and administered to 640 respondents using multistage sampling. Primary data was collected on socio-economic characteristics, various market channel options available to the farmers, their participation level as well as the factors and constraints affecting their participation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and quantitative techniques (Heckman two-staged Model, Probit Regression, Ordinary Least Square and Chi Square).The result indicated that the mean age of the farming household was 58.4years of which 97.3% are male. 93.18% of the respondents are married with an average household size and farming experience of eight and 37.5years respectively. Four market options were available in their locality of which the farm gates followed by local markets were mostly patronized. Household size and farm size were factors that positively affect their market participation while educational status distance to main road and farmers' association were found as significant factors that positively affects their participation. Also, household size, level of education, farm size, distance to main road and farmers' association positively determined their extent of participation. The two research hypotheses tested confirmed that distances to main roads have significant effect on farmers' market participation and Farmers' associations have significant effect on farmers' market participation. With respect to the constraints to market participation, pricing of produce, access to credit facilities, marketing risks and poor motivation from the 1 Department of Sociology And Anthropology, Faculty Of Business and Social Sciences, Baze University, Plot 686,Cadastral Zone C00, Kuchigoro, Behind National Judiciary Institute,Abuja, akintola.ismail@ bazeuniversity.edu.ng, email@example.com IJSS, 2019, Volume 3, Issue 15, p. 305-358. 306 government were the most pressing constraints faced by rural farmers.Based on these findings, it can be seen that the market participation of farmers are determined by various factors which affect their income and welfare. In order to improve on the commercialisation of the rural areas through the encouragement of the rural farmers, it is recommended that formation of policies by the government should be geared towards achieving development in the farming value chain through the provision of adequate market infrastructure, available and accessible credit facilities as well as technical and institutional support.


This study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between body composition (percentage of fat mass (FM %), fat mass and lean mass), muscle function (e.g., muscles; deltoid side and front, pectoralis major and teres major) and the propulsive force of the arm (PFA). Sixteen competitive surfers (29.1 ± 7.3 years; 1.72 ± 0.06 m; 74.2 ± 1.4 kg) were assessed for height, body mass, body composition (dual-energy-DXA), muscle function and PFA. Pearson correlation analyses were used to verify the relationship between all variables. An inverse correlations were found between PFA and isokinetic parameters to 60o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.71; p = 0.014; total work: r = -0.75; p = 0.007; power: r = -0.72; p = 0.011) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.61; p = 0.045; total work: r = -0.73; p = 0.010; power: r = -0.61; p = 0.045) and 300o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.79; p = 0.003; total work: r = -0.84; p<0,001; power: r = -0.81; p = 0.002) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.69; p = 0.017; total work: r = -0.72; p = 0.011; power: r = -0.69; p = 0.017). There was no significant correlation between body composition components and PFA (p>0.05). Although correlations do not imply cause and effect, PFA is not correlated with body composition in surfers and these relationships are inversely related to the parameters of muscle function.


The quality of botanical education depends on the quality and interests of the teacher. The aim of our paper was to conduct an initial study on the attitudes of primary and secondary school teachers about plants and botany. We initiated a study in which 211 biology and 168 teachers of different subjects, from primary to secondary schools in Croatia, participated on a voluntary basis. Statistical analysis was processed using jamovi 2.3 software. Teachers of all profiles (biology and others) had similar attitudes: high opinion about the importance of plants for life and education but not about school botany; botany was in the middle of their scale for potential exclusion from education. The last part of the survey referred only to biology teachers and their interests and suggestions for increasing the attractiveness of botany as a subject. The results showed that botany was the least popular, and within it, teachers were most interested in ecology and horticulture. They suggested that botany would be more interesting with active teaching methods and references to everyday contexts; however, it remains unclear why that is so, as the level of autonomy they are given does enable them to introduce such changes.


Decentralization is a fashionable reform, adopted by many countries with different characteristics. There are doubts, though, about its objectives and impact. Did inspiration come from a desire to improve quality or from a need to share the financial burden? Does it not increase disparities and the workload for local officials and headteachers? Against this background, the International Institute for Educational Planning, in collaboration with ministries of education, a national institute and the NGO Plan, co-ordinated research on the challenges that local offices and schools encounter. Results are partly disheartening, as they indicate the limits to the implementation of decentralization but they also show that successful innovations are taking place. They help to identify principles of good practice: complementarity between actors; equilibrium between their mandate and resources; reform of school supervision; and the need to counterbalance autonomy by an effective accountability framework. One principle stands central: decentralization does not imply that the State is abandoning control, but rather a change in its role. 1 Corresponding Author: International Institute of Educational Planning (IIEP); firstname.lastname@example.com 2 The research on which much of this article is based, was undertaken by four teams, led by Moussiliou Moustapha and David Odushina (Benin), Djénabou Baldé (Guinea), Denis Dougnon (Mali) and Cheikh Diakhaté (Senegal). It was co-ordinated by Anton De Grauwe (IIEP) and Candy Lugaz (IIEP). Decentralization: Findings and Lessons from West Africa 1 Journal of Education for International Development – 1(1) Research The preoccupations concerning decentralization in developing countries Decentralization is a buzzword in current discussions on public management, including education. In countries as diverse as Mali or Mexico, Sri Lanka or Senegal, the central authorities are giving more responsibilities to the regional or district offices, to the municipalities or to the schools. Discussions on decentralization have increased in complexity in recent years because of the realization that the 'school' as an institutional unit is a core actor in ensuring educational quality. A growing number of studies demonstrate that the management of a school, the relationships between the different actors (the headteacher, the teachers and the community) and the school's own involvement in defining and evaluating its improvement have a profound impact on the quality of education (see, on developing countries, Dalin et al, 1994; Carron & Chaû, 1996 and Heneveld & Craig, 1996). This 'autonomization' of the school, in combination with the more traditional forms of decentralization, has led to greater diversity in the policies implemented in different countries. They carry many names: deconcentration, delegation, school-based management, school self-governance, privatization, charter schools, and so on. The debate on decentralization has always been a contentious one. It has been argued that in many of the least developed countries the decentralization of public services, including education, has not been the result of an internal debate, even if there was a conviction that such a policy would lead to higher quality services. Pressure from the local authorities or communities, who demand a more participatory decision-making process, has generally been absent. Rather, in many countries two forces combine to push for decentralization: first, external pressure by international development agencies and experts; and second, internal political expediency in national contexts, where the public authorities are unable to organize or finance basic public services. In quite a few cases, specific political objectives play a major role, such as weakening the power base of the teachers' union or preventing secessionist demands. This leads to three concerns: Firstly, advocates of decentralization, and the governments which have heeded their advice, do not sufficiently take into account a country's specific context. Countries vary considerably: In some, the State is strong and efficient; in others, it is weak and inefficient, especially in the more remote areas. Some countries are homogeneous; others are characterized by several cleavages – ethnic, regional or religious. Policies need to be adapted to each country's context, its strengths and its weaknesses. Secondly, several countries have adopted this policy without paying sufficient attention to the strategies needed for its successful implementation. In many countries legislation reflects the willingness to share authority and resources, but this has not always translated into efforts to reform existing structures, to strengthen an appropriate information system, to review career profiles, or – the greatest challenge – to change the institutional culture. Thirdly, in developing countries relatively little is known about the impact of decentralization on the ways in which schools and districts function (an exception is Decentralization: Findings and Lessons from West Africa 2 Journal of Education for International Development – 1(1) Research Davies et al, 2003). Anecdotal evidence indicates that presently not all district offices are able to exercise to the fullest the responsibilities that they have been assigned. This lack of capacities within some district offices helps to explain that disparities in quality and access between districts and schools might have worsened. There has, however, been little systematic research on the implementation of decentralization at the local level. Field research to identify in some depth the ways in which districts and schools manage the process of decentralization, the challenges they encounter and the strategies they introduce to overcome these could be very useful for further implementation of such a policy. The research programme The International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) decided, therefore, to launch a research programme on the functioning of local offices and schools in a context of decentralization. In a first phase, on which this article comments, the focus was on WestAfrica, where four countries were selected: Benin, Mali, Guinea and Senegal. The research itself consisted of two stages: one focussing on the functioning of district offices and a second on the management of schools. Each country set up a national team consisting of one or two members of staff from the ministry of education, a senior researcher from a national institute, and the education programme officer of the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Plan. The choice of these three partners was a conscious one. The reason for including the ministry was to increase the chances that the programme would influence ministerial structures and policy-making. In this regard, it is interesting to learn that in Guinea the research conclusions were discussed during a one-day seminar with all the regional and provincial directors at the beginning of the 2004 school year. The field research was undertaken by a national institute and was under the charge of a senior researcher. Collaborating with these national research and training institutions had as objective to build their capacities, as they will have a crucial role to play in the implementation of decentralization through for instance the organization of training programmes. The involvement of the NGO Plan (previously Plan International) was justified by the fact that it is increasingly interested in reaching out to national policy makers. It is therefore working not only with schools, but also with district offices and municipalities. Plan's experience in working at the local level and its support to innovations taking place in different schools offered enriching insights. The programme went through different phases, which are briefly summarized hereafter. Each national team prepared a diagnosis on decentralization in the area of education. It examined the structures, the responsibilities of various actors in some core decisions, and the evaluation mechanisms. A first technical workshop (in Bamako, Mali) brought together the four teams to discuss the state of decentralization in the region and to prepare the field work on the functioning of local offices. Decentralization: Findings and Lessons from West Africa 3 Journal of Education for International Development – 1(1) Research Through a pilot exercise, the four core researchers and IIEP staff prepared a casestudy on the functioning of a local district office in Benin and its relationship with the municipalities and the schools. Each team prepared a similar detailed case-study on three education offices. These were chosen to reflect as far as possible the country's variety: one concerned an urban area; a second was based in a rural poorly developed environment and a third was equally in a rural area, but received support from the NGO Plan. A second technical workshop (in Dakar, Senegal) discussed the findings on the local offices and prepared the field work on the management of schools. A pilot exercise on two schools in Guinea was undertaken. The senior researcher from Senegal later accompanied the Benin team in their field work, as the researcher from Benin had been unable to participate in the pilot exercise. Each team prepared case-studies on six schools chosen within two of the three examined districts. Three were in the urban area, three in the area where Plan operates. The six schools were again chosen to reflect the variety of circumstances which schools face, with differences in the available resources, the types of teachers they work with and the support they receive from the local authorities and NGOs. Each country team prepared a brief synthesis of the main findings and completed the case-studies. The teams undertook in total 36 case-studies: nine per country, namely of three local education offices and of six schools. IIEP drafted a synthesis repor


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Compound Danshen pill and Lamivudine on the active hepatic cirrhosis.Methods Totally 42 patients with active hepatic cirrhosis were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in the trial group received Compound Danshen pill and Lamivudine;the patients in the control group received Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate.The liver function before and after treatment of the patients in the two groups,and the change of HBV-DNA at 1,3,6,12 months after treatment were detected.Results The values of ALT,AST and total bilirubin in trial group were decreased comparing with the control groups,with a significant differences (P0.05).There was also a significant difference in negative rate of HBV-DNA between trial group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion Compound Danshen pill and Lamivudine showed an obvious effect in the treatment of active hepatic cirrhosis.


This analysis seeks to map the level of reconciliation of work and family life of women in the Czech Republic. Using a HP filter, the authors estimate and compare the development of the NAIRU on the labour market in the case of women compared with men aged 20–49. The authors also quantify the impact and character of selected government policy measures on the NAIRU of women in the 20–49 age group. An explanation is offered for negative and positive influence. While the unemployment rate measured for the age group 15–64 reached 6.9%, it was 7% for the age group 20–49 and 8.6% for women. An increase in the NAIRU of women aged between 20 and 49 given by reconciliation of work and family life was identified, e.g., for the men's part-time job category or social care facilities category. To the contrary, a decrease in the NAIRU of women (20-49) was identified for the following categories: number of hours worked per week, number of pupils in after-lessons school clubs, women's part-time jobs, number of children enrolled in kindergartens, and day care service spending.


Industrial control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, which control critical infrastructure such as power plants and water treatment facilities, have unique characteristics that make them vulnerable to ransomware attacks. These systems are often outdated and run on proprietary software, making them difficult to protect with traditional cybersecurity measures. The limited visibility into these systems and the lack of effective threat intelligence pose significant challenges to the early detection and prediction of ransomware attacks. Ransomware attacks on ICS and SCADA systems have become a growing concern in recent years. These attacks can cause significant disruptions to critical infrastructure and result in significant financial losses. Despite the increasing threat, the prediction of ransomware attacks on ICS remains a significant challenge for the cybersecurity community. This is due to the unique characteristics of these systems, including the use of proprietary software and limited visibility into their operations. In this review paper, we will examine the challenges associated with predicting ransomware attacks on industrial systems and the existing approaches for mitigating these risks. We will also discuss the need for a multi-disciplinary approach that involves a close collaboration between the cybersecurity and ICS communities. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of ransomware prediction on industrial systems and to identify opportunities for future research and development in this area.


An active low-IF complex bandpass filter fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process for 2.4 GHz wireless sensor network (WSN) is proposed. Active-RC complex bandpass filter based integrators is adopted for the function of image rejection and filtering. The simulation results indicate that the frequency of complex bandpass filter is centered at 2 MHz with a bandwidth of 2.4 MHz. The voltage gain is about 12.5 dB. The image rejection ratio is greater than 30 dB, and the adjacent channel rejection is greater than 40 dB. The noise figure is less than 15 dB. The circuit consumes 5 mA of current. Through the certification of the system simulation, the performance indexes of this design can meet the need of the WSN Radio-Frequency(RF) receiver.


The following disquisition investigates interpretations, insights, and inconsistencies causing conflicts, controversies, and consternation within the segment of the scientific community that studies the viability of treating physiological and psychological conditions through the administration of botanic cannabinoids. The intrinsic constructs and theories involved in this aspect of scientific inquiry are complex and convoluted, with deep-rooted biases dependent on the paradigm to which the researcher subscribes. This paper aims to examine two constructs of controversy, each related to competing paradigms inherent within the study of biomolecular psychology.


ONE of the most comrmronly used methods of depreciating capital goods is to write off their initial value in equal annual portions in the course of the estimated lifetime. When this lifetime is correctly estimated and when the depreciation fund is left idle its value (apart from price changes which will be left entirely out of account here) at the end of the lifetime will evidently be equal to the initial value of the capital good and will allow for the replacement of the worn-out item by an exactly identical new one. In reality, this equality will very seldom be fulfilled. This is not only due to the fact that the individual lifetimes of identical capital goods will vary so that, at best, only a correct average can be used which could yield equality for very large values of the initial stock only, but still more because depreciation funds are usually reinvested in one way or another long before replacement has become necessary. In particular, in dynamic processes replacement and depreciation may differ considerably. Already in 1953 E. Doomar [2] has proved that in an exponentially growing economy, when depreciation funds are immediately reinvested, the method of constant depreciation over time will lead to an amount of depreciation D, at time t bearing a constant ratio to the amount to be replaced R,, given by: Dt: Rt = (eyT -1) :yT1 ) where y is the rate of growth of the economy and T the average lifetime of the capital goods. For reasonable values of y and T the ratio may differ greatly from one. Dr. Horvat [3] studies the consequences of the method for a different kind of dynamic process. He considers a large stock of identical new capital goods Ko at t= 0. All items are assumed to have exactly the same lifetime, T. Hence, according to the method of


We have found single crystallization of Al on patterned SiO2 by thermal annealing. Via-holes on the Si wafer were completely planarized by selective and nonselective chemical vapor deposition of Al using dimethylaluminum hydride and hydrogen. Single crystallization of Al on patterned SiO2 was observed with a scanning µ-RHEED microscope. Polycrystal (100) Al film on patterned SiO2 was changed into single-crystal (111) Al after the annealing at 645°C.


T TREATISE IIept Lle£vapxov, On Dinarchus, is the work of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the first-century B.C. rhetorician and historian who settled in Rome in 30 B.C. where he taught and wrote until his death some time after 7 B.C. This treatise is the major source of our knowledge about the fourth-century B.C. orator Dinarchus. Dinarchus, a Corinthian, lived as a me tic in Athens most of his life, earned his livelihood as professional speech-writer for others, and is best remembered in history as the writer of several speeches for the prosecutors of the orator Demosthenes and other prominent Athenians charged with bribery in the Harpalus affair in 324/3 B.C. He was regarded highly enough in antiquity to be listed as one of the ten "Attic" orators of the so-called Alexandrian canon.l The extant works of Dionysius consist of approximately half his history of Rome and the bulk, partially or completely preserved, of his rhetorical writings, one of which is this study of the life and speeches of Dinarchus. When these rhetorical studies were composed is questionable.2 Specific information about the dates of conception and completion is lacking. The problem is further complicated by the fact that Dionysius on occasion interrupted one work to write another. The only statement that can be made with confidence is that all of them were begun after 30 B.C. and almost certainly published before 7 B.C. Internal evidence, however, permits the arrangement of some of these compositions in relationship to each other. In this respect, two facts are known about the position of On Dinarchus. It was written


Varenicline is an effective aid in smoking cessation, but some randomized trials and meta-analyses have suggested that the drug poses substantial


Spiraea virginiana Britton is a Federally listed rhizomatous shrub endemic to the southern Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau physiographic provinces. Populations of S. virginiana are found restricted to scoured sections of high gradient streams within the Ohio River drainage. Present evidence indicates the species is reproducing asexually, most probably through the deposition of rhizomes from upstream populations forming new downstream ramets. Phenotypic variation was examined through a morphometric evaluation of 25 leaf measurements and analyzed using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis. Identity and structure at the molecular level were examined with Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and band patterns were used to construct a cluster analysis. Combining cluster analysis and biogeographic data identified past gene flow. Patterns of variation found within S. virginiana indicate that there is some degree of relatedness along short reaches of a single river and that within a secondary drainage basin a downstream distribution of propagules from multiple tributaries results in a mix of phenotypes. Results place the S. virginiana ancestral population in the southern part of its range suggesting a southward migration followed by recolonization northward, concordant with the work of Delcourt and Delcourt (1981, 1984). Biogeographical patterns of variation within S. virginiana identify the Cumberland Plateau as a migratory route. In addition, evidence suggests that that the deeply dissected Cumberland Plateau is the probable site of a Pleistocene refugium.


This paper describes the recent advances made in scanning white light interferometry. It presents a tool capable of characterizing diamond turning, polishing and super polishing down to sub-Angstrom levels of surface finish.


In this paper, a new non-contacting strain sensing method applying an iterative periodic time difference detection to eddy current sensor is proposed. The iterative periodic time difference detection means that the time difference between zero cross points of sensing coil voltage is accumulated repetitively. Proposed method is characterized as a simple sensor which consists of very small size coils, oscillator circuits, and a microprocessor. Previously, the periodic time difference caused by inductance changes has been detected by a synchronous amplifier, especially a lock-in amplifier. The new method proposed in this paper will be equivalent to the synchronous detection technique, in which the lock-in amplifier is needless. The accumulation can be held by repetitive drive of the oscillator circuit which consists of sensing coil connected to a capacitor in series or parallel. In the experiment, a torque test unit is used, and torque which causes up to 0.2% torsional strain in test pieces is applied. For test pieces, aluminum alloys and a stainless steel with a nonmagnetic characteristic are selected. From experimental results, a linear relation between sensor output and applied torque is observed. And it is shown that the proposed method is effective.


A high speed flash tube is adapted to the Nordensen retinal camera, so that the fundus of the human eye can be photographed in color. The high speed flash eliminates the usually deleterious effect of blinking and eye movements. Special electronic circuits are needed to provide a flickering light from the same flash tube to enable the operator to adjust and focus the camera. Ektachrome film is used and this is over‐developed to gain equivalent exposure. For the fundus photographs this apparently results in no loss of color relationships.


ABSTRACT The effect of roller mill extraction rate on the chapatti-making potential of Canadian wheat from six different classes was assessed. Objective measurement of texture including pliability, puncturability, and tearing force, in conjunction with color, discerned significant differences due to flour extraction rate as well as wheat class. The 85% extraction yield was determined by sensory panelists to yield the best chapatti. Analyses of objective measurements, HunterLab values L*, a*, and b*, in conjunction with sensory assessments, suggested that the optimum chapatti have a brightness (L*) of 75–79, redness (a*) of 1.5–4.0, and a yellowness (b*) >17. Sensory scoring compared with objective measurement indicated that a tearing force of <4.0 kg was necessary to achieve optimum panelist evaluation of tearing and chewability. The primary reasons for a fair rating were attributable to either a too white and nonwheaty taste for the low extraction flours or, in the case of the 95% extraction material, da...


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 "We-the Militant Ones": A Collective Autoethnographic Analysis of Racial Standpoints, Locating Whiteness, and Student/Teacher Interaction Chapter 3 Negotiating White Racial Identity in Multicultural Courses: A Model Chapter 4 "It Is Not My Responsibility to Teach Culture!": White Graduate Teaching Assistants Negotiating Identity and Pedagogy Chapter 5 Pedagogy of the Opaque: The Subject of Whiteness in Communication and Diversity Courses Chapter 6 The "White Problem" in Intercultural Communication Research and Pedagogy Chapter 7 Staging Whiteness: Possibilities for Resistance and Revelation in a High School Production of Simply Maria, or, The American Dream Chapter 8 Coloring Outside the Lines: Unmasking Performances of White Identity Through Role-Play Chapter 9 Race, Inversive Performance, and Public Pedagogy in White Man's Burden Chapter 10 Performing Parody: Toward a Politics of Variation in Whiteness Chapter 11 The Joke's on You? Chapter 12 "Can't We Focus on the Good Stuff?": The Pedagogical Differences Between Comfort and Critique Chapter 13 (Un)hinging Whiteness Chapter 14 Conclusion


131I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) can be used systemically to treat malignant pheochromocytoma. To improve outcome, the authors used higher levels of activity of 131I‐MIBG than previously reported. The authors reported the response rates and toxicity levels in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma who were treated with high‐dose 131I‐MIBG.


As part af a'joint program between the Department of Energy/Division of Geothermal Energy and private geothermal developers, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) conducted controlled-source electromagnetic (EM) surveys at three geothermal prospects in northern Nevada. made in Panther Canyon (Grass Valley), near Winnemucca; Soda Lakes, near Fallon; and McCoy, west of Austin Over 40 soundings were to test andedemonstrate the applicability of


Discussions about housing methods for developing countries often reflect an ideological clash between protagonists of 'industrialisation' on the one hand and advocates of 'village self-help and local materials' on the other Drawing on a world-wide survey (1) of methods available, the author suggests that this false controversy ignores the many intermediate technologies which could be of some value in the third world.


Objective This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) combined with surgery and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched to collect published randomized controlled trials of preoperative radiotherapy or preoperative CRT combined with surgery for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality was evaluated; RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results In total, 7 related studies involving 3100 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were evaluated. The pathological complete response rate, negative lymph node rate, R0 resection rate, and incidence of grade III/IV adverse reactions were lower in the RT group than in the CRT group. In the absence of postoperative chemotherapy, the 5-year local recurrence rate of RT was higher than that of CRT, but there was no significant difference between the groups among those who underwent postoperative chemotherapy. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the 5-year survival rate, anal-preserving rate, or incidence of anastomotic leakage. Conclusion Preoperative CRT is better than preoperative RT for the treatment of advanced rectal cancer, though the adverse reaction rate is higher.


First, we would like to commend the authors on their thought-provoking presentation of an important, but under-investigated area of process improvement and design of experiments. For the selected P...


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Nonequilibrium Assembly of Polymers and Quantum Dots from a Confined Geometry ZHIQUN LIN, SUCK WON HONG, JUN XU, MYUNGHWAN BYUN, Iowa State University — Dissipative structures, such as convection patterns and fingering instabilities, are formed when a droplet containing nonvolatile solutes (e.g., polymers, nanoparticles, colloids, or DNA) is allowed to evaporate on a solid surface. However, these self-organized structures are, in general, irregular. The evaporation is, in principle, a nonequilibrium process. Herein, we report a simple, one-step technique to produce well-ordered structures consisting of polymers or quantum dots with unprecedented regularity by allowing a drop of polymer solution to evaporate in a sphere-on-flat geometry. This technique, which dispenses with the need for lithography and external fields, is fast, cost-effective and robust. As such, it represents a powerful strategy for creating highly structured, multifunctional materials and devices. Zhiqun Lin Iowa State University Date submitted: 02 Dec 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


The purpose of the corporate annual report is to communicate information to the corporate shareholder and other stockholders (or potential stockholders). The information should communicate the financial condition of the enterprise, and provide other information that would likely be of interest to the user. It is the shareholder who is the owner of the company, and it is the existing shareholder who must be the primary audience. As owners, the shareholders have the primary right to determine what information they would like disclosed, whether preparers or other users believe that to be so. The corporate annual report is also the main communication vehicle that managers have to communicate the effectiveness of their accomplishments in meeting their fiduciary duties and carrying out their stewardship functions in the organization. So, it is the shareholders, both institutional and individual, that ultimately must determine the form and content of the annual report, rather than the accountants, auditors, or corporate management. The process of communication requires that the receiver be informed. If there is no understanding by the receiver of the material being communicated, no informational value is contained therein, and the communication has no value. If corporate managers want to communicate effectively with the owners, they must attempt to communicate in a language that the shareholders understand. In this paper I examine perceived changes in the usefulness of corporate annual reports to individual investors in Australia over time, using a comparison of 1996 survey results [Anderson and Epstein, 1996] with the earlier Anderson study conducted in 1978 [Anderson, 1979], The 1978 to 1996 time period is of particular interest, given that corporate legislation has become more demanding in terms of disclosure, the accounting standard-setting process has been overhauled, stock exchange listing requirements increased, and government intervention occurred. Further, over this period the Australian financial system was deregulated, a number of major corporate crashes took place, and global events such as the share market crash and recession occurred.


An exact analytic solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is presented for a two-state quantum system coherently driven by a nonresonant pulsed external field. The pulse has a hyperbolic-secant shape, with a sign jump (i.e. a phase step of π) at its maximum, which nullifies the overall pulse area. It is shown that off resonance, for detunings larger than the pulse bandwidth, the transition probability approaches unity as the field intensity increases. The population inversion is robust against small-to-moderate variations in the detuning and the intensity, a feature reminiscent of adiabatic passage. The population inversion, however, is not of adiabatic nature; it is induced by δ-function-shaped nonadiabatic coupling with an area of nearly π. An estimate of the required experimental resources shows that implementation with shaped femtosecond pulses is feasible.


A collection of 47 accessions of Aegilops tauschii was investigated for the allelic composition of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits at the Glu-Dt1 locus by SDS-PAGE analysis.Five xtype glutenin subunits(1.1t,1t,1.5t,2t and 3t) and four y-type subunits(10.1t,11t,12t and 12.4t) were identified,respectively,according to their ascending mobility.Among them,subunit 1Dx1.1t was one novel xtype glutenin subunit,with the slower mobility than subunit 1Ax1 does in common wheat,which implied that it might be the subunit with the largest molecular mass reported in the species of Aegilops tauschii.Eight HMW-GS combinations (1.1t + 11t,1t + 11t,1.5t + 12t,2t + 10.1t,2t + 11t,2t + 12t,2t + 12.4t,3t + 11t) were found in these collection,of which two novel combinations(1.1t + 11t and 2t + 12.4t) were reported firstly in this study.


Summary

Schiff base of acetylpyrazolone phenylhydrazone Ampp-Ph was synthesized from the reaction of synthesized acetylpyrazolone diketone precursor Ampp with phenylhydrazine. On reacting the isolated Schiff base in ethanol with aqueous solution of manganese or nickel chloride salts afforded the metal complexes of acetylpyrazolone phenylhydrazone. Based on elemental, analytical and spectroscopic studies a bidentate keto tautomer Schiff base forming an octahedral complex with the metal ion has been proposed. Varying antibacterial activities against selected bacterial isolates have been observed using the paper disc diffusion method at 40mg/ml. A significant free radical scavenging (antioxidant) capability against DPPH was exhibited by the synthesized compounds.


The signal-level emitter individual identification can provide more accurate and abundant information for radar reconnaissance, interpretation, and combat capability judgment. Unintentional modulation on pulse (UMOP) caused by the differences in the transmitter hardware is distinctive to each emitter. Thus, it is believed as a potential approach to realizing specific emitter identification (SEI) for radar. However, the approach would still meet many issues, like the UMOP is subtle and covered by noise. Meanwhile, such a "fingerprint" exhibit an irregular fluctuation pattern, so it is hard to build a standard and unified feature extraction procedure. In this article, to avoid the influence of pulse modulation on the fingerprint features, we only use the fluctuation of the envelope power to realize SEI. In particular, a probability derivation is demonstrated, and it is concluded that the normalized power of UMOP obeys the complex noncentral chi-square (CNCX) distribution, which establishes a theoretical basis for SEI through UMOP in power. Based on it, a high-precision reconstruction of the UMOP template through several noisy samples is accomplished. Afterward, a Bayesian classifier is naturally built based on the reconstructed UMOP template, which is highly explainable and retains almost the complete distinguishing information of individuals in power. Simulation experiments show that the Bayesian classifier achieves a satisfying accuracy on radar SEI under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. Also, it has a significant advantage over the deep neural network (DNN) under both conditions where sufficient and few-shot training samples are assumed.


In this work, the vibrational response of an oscillator constructed out of a capped double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) is investigated. The inner tube exhibits a wide range of motion characteristics that are influenced by external excitation, prescribed boundary conditions and ambient temperatures of the tubes. Unlike the open-end DWNT, the capped tube possesses bistable equilibrium properties that can be harnessed for read/write operations for use as a non-volatile memory element. This can be achieved by suitably tuning the inner tube through an adjustment of its frequencies and final stop positions, in order to bring it to a terse stop at one of the stable equilibrium locations for the read/write. Further, our work showed that the energy dissipation mechanism in the capped DWNT arises from 2 sources; the tube temperatures and boundary conditions.


The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model is an established, first-principles based scene simulation tool that produces synthetic multispectral and hyperspectral images from the visible to long wave infrared (0.4 to 20 microns). Over the last few years, significant enhancements such as spectral polarimetric and active Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) models have also been incorporated into the software, providing an extremely powerful tool for multi-sensor algorithm testing and sensor evaluation. However, the extensive time required to create large-scale scenes has limited DIRSIG's ability to generate scenes "on demand." To date, scene generation has been a laborious, time-intensive process, as the terrain model, CAD objects and background maps have to be created and attributed manually. To shorten the time required for this process, this research developed an approach to reduce the man-in-the-loop requirements for several aspects of synthetic scene construction. Through a fusion of 3D lidar data with passive imagery, we were able to semi-automate several of the required tasks in the DIRSIG scene creation process. Additionally, many of the remaining tasks realized a shortened implementation time through this application of multi-modal imagery. Lidar data is exploited to identify ground and object features as well as to define initial tree location and building parameter estimates. These estimates are then refined by analyzing high-


The purpose of this study is to provide basic material for assuring the importance of sports promotion in the aspects of ideal life and happiness by identifying the relationship between elderly's sports participation (if they participate and how much they participate), self-efficacy and feeling of helplessness. Through data analysis with the study method and procedures presented in this study, the following conclusion has been obtained. First, after analyzing elderly's self-efficacy of participation in sports, it was found that the group participating in sports had higher self-efficacy than the group not participating. However, their self-efficacy did not differ according to covariates such as gender, age, academic background, money (allowance) and marital status. Second, after analyzing elderly's feeling of helplessness of participation in sports, it was found that the group participating in sports had lower feeling of helplessness than the group not participating. Their feeling of helplessness differ according to some covariates such as academic background and marital status. Third, after analyzing the causal relationship between elderly's level of participation in sports, self-efficacy and feeling of helplessness, it was found that elderly's level of participation in sports imposed significant influence on self-efficacy whereas, self-efficacy had an effect on feeling of helplessness. However, elderly's level of participation in sports did not have direct influence on their feeling of helplessness. This means that level of participation in sports influences feeling of helplessness through self-efficacy. Therefore, this suggests that when explaining elderly's feeling of helplessness, the antecedents of self-efficacy must be considered.


ABSTRACT Cranial placodes contribute to sensory structures including the inner ear, the lens and olfactory epithelium and the neurons of the cranial sensory ganglia. At neurula stages, placode precursors are interspersed in the ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate before segregating into distinct placodes by as yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we perform live imaging to follow placode progenitors as they aggregate to form the lens and otic placodes. We find that while placode progenitors move with the same speed as their non-placodal neighbours, they exhibit increased persistence and directionality and these properties are required to assemble morphological placodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these factors are components of the transcriptional networks that coordinate placode cell behaviour including their directional movements. Together with previous work, our results support a dual role for Otx and Gbx transcription factors in both the early patterning of the neural plate border and the later segregation of its derivatives into distinct placodes. Summary: Using spatial and temporally controlled perturbations followed by live cell tracking in vivo, this paper demonstrates that directional movements downstream of Gbx2 and Otx2 are important for otic and lens placode formation.


The theme of 'Christianity and medical ethics' can be studied from various perspectives. However, I will discuss it from a point of biblical world view, focusing on the reproductive ethics. According to the biblical world view, God created the world and the rest of His creatures in it, so the structure of the world is originally good. Creatures can be directed into two ways ; God or idols.
As Jesus cured many diseases, curing people using medicine is not contrary to God's will. Especially assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF enable sterile couples to be pregnant. But the Bible says that human life belongs to the sovereignty of God. Children are to be viewed as a divine gift not a narcissistic means of self-definition. From the biblical perspective, sexual differentiation and the place of childbearing within the matrix of monogamous heterosexual marriage is normative. So human cloning, artificial insemination of donor, surrogate mother and other reproductive technologies are regarded as playing God. Human beings are free. But man's freedom is within God's law. Assisted reproductive technologies are morally permissible unless they break the order of marriage, family and marital relation. IVF or artificial insemination, using the gametes of a husband and his wife, is morally permissible, for it does not violate this order.
But it brings out the problem of moral standing of pre-embryo. For many embryos are made just for one fertilized egg to succeed in becoming implanted on the uterus of woman. Rest of the spare embryos are usually destroyed or experimented for research purposes. From the biblical perspective, the existence of human being begins from the moment of fertilization. Human being itself is imago Dei. That is, a pre-embryo has sufficient moral standing. However, IVF or artificial insemination of a married couple is beneficient to infertile couples. Jesus commands us, "Love your neighbor". If we accept the principle of double effects, it is morally permissible for us as Christians to use assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF or artificial insemination only within the order of marriage and family. Finally, Christian ethics and pastoral caring, though intimately correlated, can be separated and should be so. Pastoral caring is grounded on the grace of God.


Objective To approach comparison of antihypertensive effect of treatment hypertensive emergency by urapidil and sodium nitroprusside. Method Analyzed 80 cases clinical datas of emergency internal medicine, and divided into urapidil group(40 cases) and sodium nitroprusside group(40 cases). 12.5 mg Urapidil + 5 ml Nacl attenuation of urapidil group, intravenous injection, 50 ~ 100 mg sodium nitroprusside+ 50 ml Nacl attenuation of sodium nitroprusside group, intravenous injection. The gender composition, age distribution, the average systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate before treatment of two group hypertensive emergency patients were no difference. The heart rate and blood pressure changes of two group hypertensive emergency were detected. Result The heart rate of urapidil group after treatment were lower than sodium nitroprusside group, two groups of patients after treatment, the average systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure had no significant difference(P 0.05). Conclusion The urapidil and sodium nitroprusside in treatment with hypertensive emergencies, can effectively control the blood pressure of the patients, the effect is obvious, it is worthy of clinical application.


Much of the recent criticism on Julius Caesar has focused on the language of the play, with essentially two main focal points. The first concerns the function of reflexivity in Renaissance drama: one such argument being that it "control(s) the audience's degree of involvement in the stage illusion." This contention, of course, harkens back to the works of both Samuel Johnson and Coleridge and their comments on the audience's awareness of the play as "staged" by "players." Another significant reading of language in Julius Caesar , derived from J.L. Austin, focuses on rhetoric and the manner in which language itself is specifically (intentionally) performative in the Roman world of the play. Cicero offers us a thesis for the play in his only speaking scene: "Indeed it is a strange-disposed time. / But men may construe things after their fashion / Clean from the purpose of the things themselves" (1.3.33-35). Men not only may but also do "construe things after their fashion" and, indeed, nothing is but speaking makes it so. In fact, it seems as though the figure of Cicero is ushered into this scene for the express purpose of speaking these lines. Gayle Greene offers further commentary on the importance of rhetoric and how it operates in the play as a "theme as well as a style: accorded prominence by structure and imagery, it is integral to characterization, culture, and to the central political and epistemological concerns."


iLOV is a flavin mononucleotide-binding fluorescent protein used for in vivo cellular imaging similar to the green fluorescent protein. To expand the range of applications of iLOV, spectrally tuned red-shifted variants are desirable to have reduced phototoxicity and better tissue penetration. In this report, we experimentally tested two iLOV mutants, iLOVL470T/Q489K and iLOVV392K/F410V/A426S, which were previously computationally proposed by Khrenova et al. (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07533) to have red-shifted excitation and emission spectra. We found that mutants bearing the V392K mutation lost the ability to bind FMN. While iLOVL470T/Q489K is about 20% brighter compared to WT iLOV in vitro, it exhibits a blue shift in contrast to QM/MM predictions. Additionally, both mutants are expressed at low levels and have undetectable fluorescence in living cells, which prevents their utilization in imaging applications. Our results suggest that rational fluorescent protein design efforts can benefit from in silico protein stability and ligand affinity calculations.


Ewolucja spekan i uskokow w obrebie werfenskich piaskowcow kwarcytycznych - przyklad z pokrywy autochtonicznej Tatr Polskich

The paper is focused on the analysis of fractures and faults in slightly deformed Werfenian quartzitic sandstones, which in the Polish part of the Tatra Mts. begin the sedimentary succession of the autochthonous cover overlying directly the crystalline core. Investigations including geometric and genetic analysis of fractures and faults have enabled to reconstruct the evolution of the palaeostress field in relation to the generally accepted stages of structural evolution of the Tatra Mts.
The oldest fractures are represented by the S system of shear fractures, which originated due to SSW–NNE compression in almost horizontal or slightly N-tilted beds. The F1 fault set could have also originated in this stage as a result of slip along the bedding planes or along planes sub-parallel to bedding. This stage took place after the Early Turonian and before the Coniacian. The formation of main zones of strike-slip faults, including the Ornak dislocation zone, could have taken place in the terminal part of this stage or directly after it.
The following stage was linked with rotational uplift of the Tatra Mts., taking place since the Late Miocene. As a result of SSW–NNE extension, the L set of fractures appeared in the gradually uplifted Werfenian rocks. Additionally, the F2 set of normal faults originated along with the simultaneous opening of some S fractures and reactivation of the F1 fault set. The last stage of evolution (Pleistocene? – present day) included the formation of landslides, causing rotation of bed complexes together with the fractures. Some F1 faults could have been reactivated at that time.


According to statistics of the World Health Organisation (WHO), 50% of the people in developing countries have no pure drinking water. PV-powered water pump systems can improve peoples living conditions, where power from an utility is not available or too expensive to install, especially in remote or rural areas. Therefore, a system is designed and build up consisting of a PV array, a standard inverter, an induction motor and a water pump with a storage. The implemented PV array has a peak power of 1,2 kW. To search the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array, the inverter is operated with variable frequency adapting the power input of the induction motor. The inverter is controlled by a development platform, based on a digital signal processor (DSP). This device generates a pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage output. The PWM is calculated by a program for MPP tracking control (MPPT), sine wave generation and a day-startup/night-shutdown automatism.


This article introduces a traditional model for recognition of the merged-characters. It consists in modeling each sequence with the segmentation which is to cut the isolate items and the recognition which is to make the decision for accepting. In this paper we propose two algorithms based on this system model with one Kinematical Drop-Fall Algorithm for segmentation which could resolve different kinds of merged-relationship as Linear, Nonlinear and Overlapped summarized by Song et al. [1] and a revised Complex Moment Invariants for recognition of single object under the translation, scaling and rotation (TRS). These frame of model and two aspects of improvements in the model could provide two major benefits: Firstly, through the improvement in two aspects, the final effect in correctness and intactness is guaranteed. Moreover, the segmentation and recognition containing in the common set offset and help each other so that would be more effective to obtain the better performance. The experimental results show that our proposed revised algorithms for segmentation, recognition and whole system model are all receiving the better performances compared to former works from the Civil Aerial Meteorological Maps and UPS normalized characters dataset.


The expressions of the human face are defined by the contraction of facial muscles. The most widely used and accepted standard that provides the description of all visual changes on the face is the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In this paper, Vision Transformer (ViT) and Perceiver attention mechanisms are individually employed to detect Action Units (AUs) from the whole face on two spontaneous datasets (DISFA, BP4D) and one in-the-wild dataset (EmotioNet) with different patch sizes, then experimented the same attention mechanisms using patches cropped around facial landmarks to examine the improvements on AU detection. The experiments show that ViT and Perceiver attention mechanisms reach, and most of the time outperform, state-of-the-art methods on AU detection on the first set of experiments. However, the most significant performance increase is observed when using only landmark patches as the input sequence to both networks.


Power consumption evaluation standard which measured in 1996 is difficult to apply for the recent KORAIL electric train due to the change of train operating environment. This paper is compared with the power consumption by different ratio of power car and trailer car and train route characteristics. In order to measure the power consumption value, developed & installed electric power analysis equipment inside the Converter/inverter to record the electric power measured by voltage sensors and current sensors. Consumption of electric usage will be measured and analyzed until October 2010. We expect the measured power consumption value will be used for cost analysis as well as for the high efficient train system development.


In Architecture and Asceticism Loosley Leeming explores the links between Syria and Georgia in late antiquity. The book takes an inter-disciplinary approach and examines the question from archaeological, art historical, historical, literary and theological viewpoints.


Human factors have been increasingly recognized as one of the major driving forces of requirement changes. We believe that the requirements elicitation (RE) process should largely embrace human-centered perspectives, and this paper focuses on changing human intentions and desires over time. To support software evolution due to requirement changes, Situ framework has been proposed to model and detect human intentions by inferring their desires through monitoring environmental and human behavioral contexts prior to or after system deployment. Researchers have reported that Situ is able to infer users' desires with high accuracy using the Conditional Random Fields method. However, manual analysis is still needed for new intention identification and new requirements elicitation. This work attempts to find a computable way to identify users' new intentions with minimal help from human oracle. We discuss the feasibility of implementing the concept of DIKW (Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom) to bridge the gap between user behavioral & contextual data and requirements, and propose a situation-centric approach using the Multi-strategy, Task-adaptive Learning (MTL) method. A case study shows that the proposed approach is able to identify users' new intentions, and is especially effective to capture alternatives of low-level task.


"120" first aid belongs to the public health emergency system and is an important component of the social security system. With the support of "Internet +" cross-border innovative thinking and information technology, with emergency medical cloud data as the core, IoT and data transmission and exchange as technologies, the information in the "120" smart emergency system integrated into the smart city can be shared, communicated, integrated and applied. The system integrates emergency monitoring and early warning, intelligent decision-making and command scheduling, intelligent optimization of paths, remote medical information transmission, remote expert guidance, etc., to deliver efficient and convenient emergency medical services. It is conducive to the realization of highly knowledgeable health emergency command, decision-making and supervision, and maintains the important role of the city's social stability, economic development and regional security.


Abstract The depletion of aqueous nitrous acid was studied at 298 K and at slightly greater than atmospheric, pressure. Solutions containing nitrous and nitric acids were contacted with nitrogen in towers packed with 6- and 13-mm Intalox saddles. The results indicate the existence of two depletion mechanisms for the conditions studied—liquid-phase decomposition and direct desorption of nitrous acid. Models based on mass-transfer and chemical-kinetic information are presented to explain the experimental results.


This paper introduces a new cryptosystem developed on the concept of rotor enhanced block cipher which was proposed by the authors in NRSC 2002. The rotor enhanced block cipher concept was considered from a new point of view, which is to use rotors to achieve two basic cryptographic operations; permutation, and substitution. Round key is generated using rotor too. That generated key is used to achieve ciphertext key dependency. To enhance non-linearity and to resist linear cryptanalysis, the proposed cipher has a variable block, and key lengths. Each round has its own block length which depends on round the key and round key length. Dependency is based upon the pervious round generated key. Another feature of the proposed cipher is that the used rotors are not ordinary rotating arrays containing large amount of static data, but they are implemented using round key dependent mathematical linear expressions, which was firstly proposed by authors in KAMFEE. This achieved memory-less, equally ciphertext statistics, and small processing speed trend. The new proposed cipher can be considered as the second generation of REBC which was introduced by the authors.


We share our experience over the last 10 years for finding, deploying and evaluating software engineering (SE) technologies in an undergraduate program at the ÉTS in Montreal, Canada. We identify challenges and propose strategies to integrate technologies into an SE curriculum. We demonstrate how technologies are integrated throughout our program, and provide details of the integration in two specific courses.


The term Nanotechnology involves a spectrum of technologies, techniques and processes that can deal with a matter at the nanoscale falling in between 1 nanometre to 100 nanometres in size. The concept of nanotechnology was introduced in 1959 by Richard P Feynman, a Nobel winning physicist. The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge and awareness of nanomedicine and its application in the field of dentistry among dental students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 dental undergraduate internship students. The questionnaire contained 10 open-ended questions eliciting the knowledge and awareness about nanomedicine and its application in dentistry. The questionnaire was distributed via an online survey tool. The responses were collected and tabulated in the excel sheets, following which they were exported to SPSS software for statistical analysis. 52% of the students were aware of the term nanomedicine. 33% and 16% of the students had awareness of the nano modified impression material and nano modified denture teeth respectively. This study concluded that the knowledge and awareness of nanomedicine and its application in the field of dentistry was moderate among dental students. Original Research Article Deeksheetha et al.; JPRI, 32(17): 19-27, 2020; Article no.JPRI.59723 20


Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guaranty Scheme (MGNREGS) in India is mandated to provide employment in rural areas and aims to contribute to the livelihood security of households. The scheme calls for periodic assessment of the scheme with these objectives. It envisages coordinated efforts of administrative infrastructures spanning across all layers of governance systems in the country. MGNREGS needs careful "architectural treatment" since governance expects a coordinated relationship among various constituents to deliver desired services to citizens. This issue becomes is relevant because of the fact that e-governance practices have the potential to contribute. This paper argues that capturing architectural views during early phases of such national level is quite important in order to sustain the established complex relationships among all stakeholders, processes and reflect them in e-governance services architecture. A framework captures architectural issues and identifies possible opportunities for effective management of MGNREGS.


We will review our recent research in evoked response detection using auditory stimuli at rates around 40 Hz with emphasis on response phase consistency. Response phase often aggregates at stimulus intensities producing little or no rise in response amplitude beyond the level of the background EEG, and thus promises to be useful in electric response audio‐metry. We note that others have previously proposed heavily weighting phase statistics in detecting responses to weak stimuli delivered at low rates (around 1 Hz). This sensitivity of evoked response phase to external stimulation suggests that phase of ongoing brain activity may be reorganized by weak stimuli before there is a detectable increase in net response amplitude.


Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures are usually reinforced with steel bars which are subjected to corrosion at critical temperatures and atmospheric conditions. Also the cost of steel reinforcement plays a significant role in any RCC construction. The rising prices of steel and their unavailability throughout the year have brought the contractors and engineers into a great trouble. The RCC structures can also be reinforced with other materials such as fibres specifically Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Carbon Reinforced Fibre Polymer (GFRP). This paper deals with the study of RCC beams when reinforced with the Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) as a replacement of steel reinforcement and studying the behavior of beam under flexure. The GFRP as an internal reinforcement has proved to be of great interest not only in India but worldwide. Reinforced concrete is a common building material for construction of facilities and structures. While concrete has high compressive strength, it has limited tensile strength. To overcome these tensile limitations, reinforcing bars (rebar) are used in the tension side of concrete structures. Steel rebar has historically been used as an effective and cost efficient concrete reinforcement. When not subjected to chloride ion attack, steel reinforcement can last for decades without exhibiting any visible signs of deterioration. However, steel rebar is very susceptible to oxidation (rust) when exposed to chlorides. Examples of such exposure include coastal areas, salt contaminated aggregates used in the concrete mixture and sites where aggressive chemicals and ground conditions exist. In cold climates, treating snow with salt is another cause of accelerated deterioration of concrete bridge decks. When corrosion of steel rebar occurs, the resulting corrosion products have a volume 2 to 5 times larger than the original steel reinforcement. As the concrete cannot physically sustain the high internal tensile stresses developed from this volume increase, it eventually may crack and spall causing further deterioration of the steel. The combination of ongoing deterioration and loss of reinforcement properties ultimately requires potentially significant and high cost repairs and possibly the endangerment of the structure itself. The advantageous properties of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) such as high strength-to-weight ratio, and corrosion and fatigue resistance create an interest in engineers. The behavior of beams reinforced with GFRP bars has been shown to be predictable by section analysis techniques normally used in design. The behavior of the beams is reliable and repeatable. The deformability of beams at failure is similar to that of steel reinforced beams. Different approaches for design are discussed and illustrated with examples. The choice of design approach depends largely on the design constraints. Shear capacity is predictable by using modifications to equations proposed by Clarke. However, the strength of GFRP links appears to be limited due to a number of factors.(9) The beams reinforced with plain GFRP bars as shear reinforcement, have taken more shear than the control specimen, with no shear reinforcement, which indicates that the GFRP bars are able to take shear and are comparable to mild steel (Fe 250) reinforcement. It was observed that the failure of beams was not sudden, though the failure of GFRP bars was sudden and associated with splintering of fibers in direct tension. (8) A research by Robert Mathieu and Benmokrane Brahim: Corrosion of steel reinforced concrete members has stimulated the research on fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) to be used as an internal reinforcement for concrete structures. The behavior of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars subjected to extreme temperatures is very critical for applications in North America, especially in Canada. There is a high demand for experimental studies to investigate the thermal stability of strength, along with the ultimate elongation, and modulus of GFRP bars. (7)


The contribution focuses on Enno Poppe's Speicher VI. I contextualize the use of non-linear distortions (combination tones) in this piece, using the histories of musicology and experimental research in physiology. For this, I refer to concepts of imagination and anticipation, as developed by music theorist Hugo Riemann and conductor Hermann Scherchen, as well as to Hermann von Helmholtz's research in auditory physiology. Against this background I analyze three levels of constructing musical coherence in Speicher VI. Combination tones intrude the listeners' bodies, while at the same time creating a sense of familiarity with the physical phenomenon. On a second level, this encounter affects the memory of previous motivic and sonic developments. A third level concerns semantic associations that each listener constructs according to her own experience. I argue that, through this mode of working with the actualization of sound that shapes the sound's virtual presence, Poppe's music offers the listener a specific mode of communicating with its sounds.


KAI1/CD82 is a metastatic suppressor gene in human prostate cancer and several other types of cancer in humans. The present study aimed to examine the role of the overexpression of KAI1 in the progression of oral cancer. Human KAI1/CD82 cDNA was transfected into OSCC-15 and 293T cell lines, and its effects on OSCC-15 cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were assessed by performing a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Matrigel invasion and Annexin V-FITC staining, respectively. In addition, a xenograft model was used to assess the effect of KAI1/CD82 on the in vivo growth of tumors. The overexpression of KAI1/CD82 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of OSCC-15 cells. It also enhanced the apoptotic rate of the OSCC-15 cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of KAI1/CD82 inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft model. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of KAI1/CD82 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of human oral cancer cells, and inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft model. Therefore, KAI1/CD82 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target in oral cancer.


The year 2015 was declared by the United Nations to be the International Year of Light and light-based technologies. The opening ceremonies not only celebrated the present but also acknowledged the past and hinted at what was in store for the future. In the modern world, 50 years after the demonstration of the laser, light impacts everything we do from communicating, to manufacturing, to health care. This is not surprising, because 50 to 100 years is the adoption cycle of a new technology for widespread use by society. Just think for a moment about railroads, electrification, air transportation, the national highway system, electromagnetic communication from the radio, television, and the Internet. So what about the future of lasers and laser technology?We are now six years into the x-raylaser age, and x-ray lasers based on linear accelerators are being constructed around the world. What will the characteristics and applications of the x-ray laser be 50 years from now? We can expect that, like the radio and the laser, in 50 years the x-ray laser will be integrated into wide use by society in applications such as precision medical imaging, protein structure determination, and coherent transmission of information at rates 10 times higher than with visible light. We can also expect advances in x-ray power that will allow for controlling matter at the high densities suitable for small-scale inertial fusion power generation. The field of x-ray nonlinear interactions will be extended from x-ray to gamma ray frequencies suitable for probing nuclear energy levels and for pumping gamma ray lasers. Laser-driven accelerators will open up a host of applications in the future. Going from Klystrons to laser-driven accelerators reduces physical device scale by 5 orders of magnitude. Accelerators could even be made as all-solid-state devices on a wafer scale. For example, a fewcentimeter-long accelerator will generate MeV-energy electrons at a mode-locked laser repetition rate of 100 MHz and would be ideal for treating patients. Such an accelerator, if fitted into a catheter, would revolutionize radiation medicine. This same technology could enable an all-solidstate scanning electron microscope of centimeter length that is driven by compact fiber lasers. A 1-m laser accelerator with 1 GeV electrons of 10-attosec duration at a 100-MHz repetition rate is ideal for driving a free-electron laser (FEL) that operates at x-ray frequencies. The 100MHz repetition rate allows the consideration of an FEL laser with a resonator to match the 100MHz period. Using, for example, diamond mirrors, this sync-pumped FEL opens the door to upconverting a comb of modes from the visible to x-ray frequencies. This in turn leads to opportunities for precision clocks, precision spectroscopy, and attosecond-timing resolution measurements in the hard-x-ray region, as well as field strengths adequate to ionize the vacuum. Imagine the vacuum as the ideal nonlinear medium for future experiments. High-average-power lasers have opened the door to new applications. As the power level increases in the future to approach and exceed the 1-MW level, new and surprising applications are enabled. For example, a laser of 15-MW average power operating at 100 pulses per second, located on the ground, will enable the launching of satellites into low earth orbit, each with a mass of greater than one ton. A laser of 35-MW average power operating at a 15-Hz repetition rate is ideal for driving a laser inertial fusion power plant with a 1-GW electrical output. When that happens, laser energy will become the carbon-free energy of choice: stars burning under control on the surface of the earth. In the future, if laser propulsion were used to launch hundreds of 2-m-diameter telescopes and the telescopes were directed into formation as a constellation of satellites, then optical THE FUTURE


OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN
The analysis of influence of closure and nonclosure of the visceral peritoneum during abdominal gynecological surgery was done.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A postoperative course and late consequences (occurrence of adhesions) in the 427 patients were studied. There were two groups of patients: I group--203 patients who had visceral peritoneum closed, II group--224 patients who had visceral peritoneum non closed.

RESULTS
There were not significant differences in postoperative course in both groups. In the group where the visceral peritoneum was not closed occurrence of the adhesions was significantly decreased, when compared the group where the visceral peritoneum was closed.

CONCLUSIONS
1. Nonclosure of the visceral peritoneum doesn't increase the incidence of early postoperative complications. 2. Nonclosure of the visceral peritoneum during abdominal gynecological surgery decreased the incidence of adhesions. 3. Nonclosure of the visceral peritoneum prevents dislocation and ligation of the ureter.


ABSTRACT The T-cell response to fibronectin attachment protein (FAP-A) in BALB/c and B10.BR mice was examined. Both strains developed strong T-cell responses to FAP-A, directed to single, unique epitopes. T cells from mice infected with Mycobacterium avium responded to FAP-A, suggesting a possible role in a protective immune response.


Objective
This study was conducted to assess the dosage of radiation associated with CT guided implantation of 125I seeds in medical personnel at different distances with or without radiation protection.

Methods
Ambient dose equivalent was measured by gamma ray radiation detector after implantation of 125I seeds with or without protection at different distances(5 cm, 10 cm, 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m) into 50 patients. Radiation dose received by medical personnel was assessed.

Results
The ambient dose equivalents were(1091.75±10.53), (1055.50±31.68), (123.45±20.83), (20.95±6.10), and(7.78±3.24) μSv/h in 5 cm, 10 cm, 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m. The ambient dose equivalents were(1.36±2.03), (0.97±1.48), (0.46±0.63), (0.29±0.34), and(0.14±0.12) μSv/h with 0.5 mmPb lead clothes at distances of 5 cm, 10 cm, 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m. The ambient dose equivalent was statistically significant with or without 0.5 mm Pb lead clothes (F=183.718, 71.202, 217.411, 184.169, 108.222, all P<0.05).

Conclusions
Medical personnel should take appropriate distance protection during 125I seeds implantation. Ambient dose equivalent can be significantly reduced by wearing 0.5 mmPb lead clothes.

Key words:
Tomography, X-ray computed; 125I radioactive seed; Implantation; Ambient dose equivalent


The birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) accessions from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) have not been systematically evaluated to determine the genetic relationships of individuals or groups of similar accessions. This study was done to classify and determine the diversity of a collection of birdsfoot trefoil accessions using high salt-soluble globulin polypeptides (SGPP) and to compare their classification with geographic and ecological distribution, morphology, and known accession pedigrees. Seeds of 128 plant introductions, germplasms, and cultivars that represented a wide-range of geographic regions and collection site ecological habitats were analyzed for SGPPs


Objective: the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in dentists in the public service in the city of Araraquara – SP and its association with the variables of interest. Material and method: The sample was made up of the dentists active in the public health network (n = 60). Socio-demographic data was collected. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was used. Result: Of the participants, 60.0% were female and the average age was 41.9 ± 7.6 years. A large number of the professionals displayed a normal perception of the work conditions, premises, materials and equipment. 63.3% of the individuals feel tired even before arriving for work, 58.3% need more time to relax and to feel better, 70.0% are unable to deal well with the pressures of work, 50.0% feel they have no energy during or after work and 86.7% do not consider the work to be a positive challenge. It was observed that 48.3% of dentists displayed Burnout Syndrome, 11.7% Detachment and 13.3% Exhaustion. There was a significant association between the presence of Burnout and gender (p = 0.020) and the work premises (p = 0.011), with men being the most affected and those that considered the work premises very poor. Conclusion: It was concluded that the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among dentists is high, with men and those who consider the work premises bad being the most affected.


: A study has been made on the effect of Novel corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 1.0N HCl. Commonly deterioration of steel is caused due to various environmental and other chemical factors. It is unavoidable but protectable using inhibition methods. Here the usual inhibitor is replaced by green inhibitors to evade toxicity, easy availability and to minimize the waste. This work seeks out to analyse the dried leaves of Todaliaasatica as an inhibitor on mild steel in 1.0N HCl. The anticorrosive effectiveness of this inhibitor is studied by using non- electrochemical and electrochemical techniques. Non electrochemical studies such as the effect of time (87.6%) and temperature (93.0%) maximum inhibition efficiency achieved at optimum concentration of the inhibitordue to the persistence of protective film formed on the metal surface. Langmuir isotherm best fits the data obtained suggesting the physical adsorption as the adsorption mechanism between the extract and the mild steel substrate. Electrochemical such as potentiodynamic polarization studies proved that extract of Todaliaasatica dried leaves is a cathodic type of inhibitor and 85.12% inhibition efficiency provided by the inhibitor.Charge Transfer Resistance (R ct ) value increased and also Double-layer capacitance (C dl ) value decreases by EIS studies. The observed value of inhibitor efficiency at optimum inhibitor concentration is 84.05%. Surface and corrosion product Analysis (EDX/FTIR) were also carried out to determine the corrosion-inhibitive properties of the samples.