We studied the effect of heavy metal cations: Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ on the activity of cathepsin D in human aorta homogenate and blood serum. The concentration of cations was 1 mmol/l. Hemoglobin was the cathepsin D substrate. The activity of cathepsin D was determined at pH 3.5. Only Hg²⁺ cations inhibit the activity of cathepsin D. Cations Hg²⁺ damage lysosomes and release cathepsin D from these organelles.


The security of private information is becoming the bedrock of an increasingly digitized society. While the users are flooded with passwords and PINs, these goldstandard explicit authentications are becoming less popular and valuable. Recent biometric-based authentication methods, such as facial or finger recognition, are getting popular due to their higher accuracy. However, these hard-biometric-based systems require dedicated devices with powerful sensors and authentication models, which are often limited to most of the market wearables. Still, market wearables are collecting various private information of a user and are becoming an integral part of life: accessing cars, bank accounts, etc. Therefore, time demands a burden-free implicit authentication mechanism for wearables using the less-informative soft-biometric data that are easily obtainable from modern market wearables. In this work, we present a context-dependent soft-biometric-based authentication system for wearables devices using heart rate, gait, and breathing audio signals. From our detailed analysis using the "leave-one-out" validation, we find that a lighter k Nearest Neighbor $(k -$NN) model with $k =2$ can obtain an average accuracy of $0. 93 \pm 0.06$, F1 score $0. 93 \pm 0.03$, and false positive rate (FPR) below 0.08 at 50% level of confidence, which shows the promise of this work.


A young woman presented to the Singapore General Hospital with a history of cough in the 2 weeks prior. She had no significant past medical history and no history of immunocompromised state. Chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly. Electrocardiogram showed low voltages in precordial leads (Fig. 1A). A computed tomography scan of the chest was performed, which showed a low-density large pericardial effusion with enhancement of the thickened pericardium, as well as patchy consolidation in the lung bases with partial left lower lobe collapse (Fig. 1A). She was initially covered with intravenous antibiotics (co-amoxiclav) and a pericardiocentesis was unsuccessfully attempted. The patient subsequently underwent an emergency left anterior thoracotomy, with the creation of a pericardial-pleural window. Intraoperatively, 650mL of haemoserous pericardial effusion was drained. The pericardium was noted to be thickened with intrapericardial fibrin, and the epicardial surface of the heart was inflamed. The 2 specimens were sent to the anatomical pathology and microbiology laboratories, respectively. Gram stain of the pericardial fluid, however, was negative. After 72 hours of incubation, there was no growth of organisms from culture of the pericardial fluid, pericardial tissue or tissue from the intrapericardial fibrin, and the initial plates were discarded. Histopathology review of tissue from the pericardial biopsy demonstrated fibrinous exudates on the visceral aspect, overlying granulation tissue with superimposed acute and chronic inflammation, and abscess formation. Within one of the abscess areas, a single branching filamentous bacterial colony was identified in the haematoxylin and eosin section, and positively highlighted by Grocott's methenamine silver (Fig. 1B). This finding was communicated to the microbiologist by the infectious disease physician. Pericardial tissue specimens were retrieved and re-inoculated on plates for prolonged incubation under conditions optimised for the recovery of anaerobic organisms (blood agar and MacConkey agar incubated at 35°C in 5% CO2, and CDC anaerobe blood agar incubated anaerobically at 35°C). On day 6 of re-incubation, 3 whitish colonies grew on the CDC anaerobe blood agar. Gram stain microscopy of the bacterial colony showed gram-positive bacilli (Fig. 1C). Ann Acad Med Singap 2022;51:129-31 https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021485


Additional file 10. GRADE summary of findings table, low dose (0.1â 0.25 mg/kg) PQ in G6PD deficient compared to G6PD replete people.


This book is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a clinical part. The first 3 chapters deal with short reviews of the basic immune mechanisms, the pathology of the immune response and the principles of treatment of allergic eye diseases. The following seven chapters present the allergic eye diseases seen in the various parts of the eve from the conjunctiva to the retina and the optic nerve. The two last chapters deal with tumour immunology and an immunological glossary respectively. T h e book gives the reader a compact but clearly expounded background for the various allergic manifestations, and presents in its clinical part, in words as well as in pictures (black and white), precise descriptions of symptoms, objective findings and treatment of the diseases with an immunological background seen in the eye. T h e combination of a theoretical review of the main features of immunology and a more practical part where the allergic diseases of the eye are presented and considered, makes the book a valuable and usable tool in eye clinics and offices. Ole Lund Jen.qen


An algorithm has been developed for the automated determination, by an iterative technique, of the modulation transfer function for the line spread function data.The logic presented herein has been employed to develop a technique for this determination using a programmable desk top calculator.Examples illustrating the utility of the program are also presented.


The execution of the last Inca, Atahuallpa, in 1533 encapsulated the picture of violence and destruction that would be recalled over the following centuries in the Andes. By generating the colonial structure that would remain over time, this scenario became the metonymic image of specific historical facts that, somehow, showed the permanence of a destructive domination. It represents, for instance, the occurrence of authoritarian regimes during the twentieth century in Bolivia and Peru. At the same time, these kind of violent events revealed the strong and effective resistance of historical agents that shared the same historical memory. The latter develops by comprehending different events as the recurrence of the one that demarcated the destruction of the pre-Hispanic political, social and economic organization. For this reason, Bolivian sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui understands Andean collective memory as a "long recallection." This means that not only the historical event itself but also the historical agents repeat that paradigmatic scenario in which a body (Atahuallpa's, as well as the imperial organization) was fragmented. In this sense, the collective memory generates the formation of a collective body as an image of resistance against fragmentation. Thus, this image entails the embodiment of all social movements that, throughout the centuries, fought against domination.
In this context, my dissertation analyzes the manner in which different literary texts—from Guaman Poma's Nueva coronica y buen gobierno (seventeenth century) to contemporary poetry and theater (including canonical and non-canonical authors such as Jose Maria Arguedas, Jose Watanabe, Blanca Wiethuchter, and Jaime Saenz)—contribute to the continuous formation of an Andean collective memory. This analysis includes the examination of those aspects that let us understand the interconnections among all texts considered. Given that many of these interconnections are related to Andean performances, such as dances and theater, as well as to indigenous social movements within specific historical events, Andean philosophy becomes relevant for the analysis proposed. The fact that this philosophy is somehow contained within all the texts studied allows us to examine these works as constituting the image of a collective body emerging from the same historical experience.


We report a method to incorporate dislocation climb controlled by bulk diffusion in a three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulation for fcc metals. In this model we couple the vacancy diffusion theory to the DDD in order to obtain the climb rate of the dislocation segments. The capability of the model to reproduce the motion of climbing dislocations is examined by calculating several test-cases of pure climb-related phenomena and comparing the results with existing analytical predictions and experimental observations. As test-cases, the DDD is used to study the activation of Bardeen–Herring sources upon the application of an external stress or under vacancy supersaturation. Loop shrinkage and expansion due to vacancy emission or absorption is shown to be well described by our model. In particular, the model naturally describes the coarsening of a population of loops having different sizes.


The genus Garcinia has many varieties of fruit trees, which are found in rural and urban backyards, tropical forests and domestic orchards of several tropical countries. Fruits have a great diversity of metabolites, among which phenolic compounds stand out for their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other effects, and which have a preventive action on diseases of modernity. This review aimed to associate studies on the metabolic activities of Garcinia fruits and their numerous effects on health risk factors, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, inflammatory processes and dyslipidemias. Scientific articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were selected, which carried out studies involving the administration of Garcinia fruits in vitro and in vivo, mainly in the last five years. Sixty relevant articles were included in the study. Studies have shown that the Garcinia fruit species can be used in body weight control and prevention of cardiovascular disorders, cancer and diabetes mellitus, among other diseases associated with oxidative stress.


The principal aim of this paper is to present the problematic of the asymmetric power effect on public-private partnership. To do this we have mixed the works on PPP and those focusing on asymmetric power on commercial negotiation. This methodology allows us to determine the theoretical variables (in the form of hypothesis) which can be linked to the asymmetric power effect, on PPP negotiation.


The abstract reveal the problem of acculturation by international students. There are four main types of acculturation strategies: assimilation, separation, marginalization and integration. We agree that the most successful is integration. It is well known, that the language and speech belong to the important part of the acculturation proses. The language skills can help or slack the acculturation of the international students to the new environment. That means that the langue skills make the adaptation easier and more comfortable and provide successful learning proses. On the other hand the acculturation can take much more time and affect their mental health. It is important for the universities to work out some acculturation programs in order to help and support their international students.


Hydroxyapatite-supported silver nanoparticles (AgHAP) acted as a highly efficient reusable heterogeneous catalyst for hydration of diverse nitriles, including heteroaromatic ones, into amides in water.


The goal of this paper is to propose the Hangul Jamo to make a optimum transmission code of Hangul consonant and vowel(Jamo). The Hangul Jamo was analyzed by three kinds of Hangul Jamo. First one is the basic Hangul Jamo which is consisted by 24ea Jamo. Second one is a two combination keyboard which has 28ea Jamo. Third one is 54 Jamo set which is added the double Jamo to the second one. Use frequency of Hangul-Jamo is analyzed based on the Hangul in "Modern Korean Use Frequency Rate Survey Result" issued by The National Institute of the Korean Language". Total 58,437 Korean words are contained in the report and the words are composed with Hangul 1,540ea. The results of this study are as follows, In the Jamo are that in the first Jamo set case, the highest use frequency consonant is " ㅇ " and the lowest one is " ㅋ ", and in the vowel case, the highest use frequency one is " ㅏ " and the lowest one is " ㅑ ". In the second case, the highest use frequency consonant is same as first case and the highest vowel is " ㅏ " and the lowest one is " ㅒ ". In the third case, the highest consonant is " ㅏ " and the lowest one is " ㅞ ". the highest vowel is " ㄱ " and the lowest one is " ㄽ ".


The formation of the miniband electron energy structure and its effect on optical vibrational modes were explored in doped InxGa1−xAs/InP superlattices with different periods. The analysis of the high resolution x-ray diffraction, Raman and magnetotransport data allowed us to conclude that in spite of the defect structure of the layers constituting the superlattices, their superperiodicity was well defined. The blueshift of the coupled plasmon-LO phonon modes was observed with decreasing superlattice period consistent with the development of the minibands. The coherence lengths of the coupled modes were found to be considerably longer than those of the optical phonons. This provided a quantitative proof of the conditions for breakdown of the Raman selection rules. Due to the defect structure of the layers no Raman selection rules were observed for the longitudinal optical phonons in long-period superlattices. In contrast, the selection rules of the coupled plasmon-longitudinal optical phonon vibrations observed in short-period superlattices were demonstrated to occur due to the increase of the coherence lengths of the coupled modes with respect to the coherence lengths of the optical phonons.


The article examines the reprimands of the ruler of Late Medieval Japan, Oda Nobunaga, written in 1580 and addressed to his high-ranking vassal Sakuma Nobumori and his son Sakuma Nobuhide. Copies of this document have been preserved as part of the Shinchō-kō ki chronicle. Sakuma Nobumori, one of the highranking vassals of Oda Nobunaga, who commanded the siege of the Ozaka fortress, fell out of favor in 1580 after Ozaka came under Nobunaga's control. Probably this disfavor is connected with Nobunaga's desire to redistribute the lands and control over the vassals in Oda house, and the reprimands were supposed to justify Sakuma Nobumori's separation from power in the eyes of other samurai. Nobunaga condemned Nobumori for inaction during the siege of the fortress, as well as for inappropriate treatment of subordinate military commanders and stinginess. He recalled the past failures of Nobumori and set his other commanders as an example to him (Akechi Mitsuhide, Hasiba Hideyoshi, etc.), who conquered new lands and glorified themselves. Criticizing Sakuma, Nobunaga simultaneously creates for his vassals the ideal of a commander subject to him, sophisticated in the way of the warrior and skillfully managing his vassal house. Thus, Nobunaga relied on ideas and doctrines that were widespread in Late Medieval Japan. Subsequently, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who became Nobunaga's successor, also addressed similar documents to the vassals who incurred his wrath. The annex to the article contains a commented translation of Nobunaga's condemnations into Russian.


Purpose: There are studies in the literature evaluating students' attitudes toward and knowledge of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices, with most of this research focusing on medical, pharmacy, nursing and psychology students; however, few studies have been conducted with physiotherapy and rehabilitation (PTR) students. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to CAM among students of PTR.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 to March 2019. A self-administered questionnaire form developed to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding CAM practices among students of PTR. The questionnaire form included eighteen items that was sent via email to the participants.

Results: A total of 504 participants were included in this study. Their mean age was 21.66±2.50 years, 69.84% was female and 30.16% was male. Most participants (76.99%) thought that various CAM practices could be beneficial adjuncts to modern medicine. The most used sources of CAM practices was reported as online resources (64.68%). Moreover, the most well-known CAM practice among the students was massage (82.90%).

Conclusions and Suggestions: Majority of PTR students had a positive opinion about CAM practices. Incorporating evidence-based CAM practices with high levels of efficacy into the curricula can reliably increase physiotherapists' knowledge about CAM practices.


Climate change has caused serious impacts on the ecosystem, including destroying the stability of the ecosystem and affecting the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Plant functional traits show good response and adaptation to environmental changes, and the change of plant functional traits will indicate climate change. It is a hot research topic to identify the mechanism of the effects of plant functional traits on climate change. By studying relevant references, this paper conducted in-depth studies on leaf functional traits, root traits and the relationship between leaf and root traits among plant functional traits. On this basis, the direction of climate change was further clarified by predicting the development trend of functional traits, and the relationship between plant functional traits and climate change was further discussed.


GaAs layers as well as GaAs MESFET devices on InP are studied by means of DLTS and PL spectroscopies. We correlate the compensation observed on the Si-n-doped GaAs layers to the incorporation of Si that moves from a SiGa donor site to form a complex defect involving Si and As or Ga vacancies. A study of defects on MESFETs grown with various buffer layer thicknesses shows that the thicker this layer is the higher is the defect concentration. This behavior is assumed to be related to the compensation effect.


Multimedia is one of the main methods of modern education.This paper discusses the implementation and concept of the multimedia technology in biology education,illustrates multimedia technology is useful to explode the interesting of the students to learn biology,to build a nice biology teaching scene and make the knowledge of biology more vivid.At the same time,it also analyzes some potential problems with using multimedia teaching method and brings forward the prospect to further implement multimedia technology into biology education.


A study on the fabrication of Pb(Nb,Ni)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PNN-PZT) piezoelectric ceramic fibers with a metal core is introduced. The green fibers were fabricated by extruding a mixture of PNN-PZT powder and organic solvent together with a 50 mm Pt core. The fibers of 250 mm in diameter and a few centimeters long are obtained without any cracks after sintered at 1200°C. The core is precisely located at the center of the fibers. The boundary of the PNN-PZT ceramics and the Pt core was investigated by cutting the fiber along the cross-section and the longitudinal direction, and observing them with a scanning electron microscope. The ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity of a single fiber was confirmed. The polarization versus electric field relationship was measured by a Radiant RT-6000 and the result exhibits the typical ferroelectricity of the PNN-PZT material. The strain versus electric field relationship also shows the typical hysteresis of piezoelectric materials due to the d31 effect.


The invention provides a method for resetting after LPCVD (low pressure chemical vapor deposition) maintenance, which comprises the following steps: S1: putting an experimental film in a reaction cavity of an LPCVD device, depositing a film layer on the experimental film, and testing the actual film thickness of the film layer of the experimental film; and S2: judging whether corrections are required by a data analyzing system according to the actual film thickness of the film layer of the experimental film; if the corrections are not required, directly resetting the LPCVD device to produce products; otherwise, outputting a correction value by the data analyzing system, and setting a technique value of the LPCVD device according to the correction value; and subsequently, repeating steps S1 and S2 until completing the production of the products. According to the method for resetting after the LPCVD maintenance, the efficiency of maintaining and resetting is improved, and in addition the waste of such required production materials as the experimental film and reaction gas for adjusting and the like is reduced.


This article introduces a GreenPointTM solution that has been well constructed and examined to AC-DC Adapter of xDSL Modem based on ON Semiconductor


The standard for the relief of criminal victims in criminal law is difficult problem. Criminal victims go on increasing in an alarming nowdays. This...


Abstract : The diffusion of photons is described by the radiation transfer equation, which in the general case is an integral-differential equation. Many approximate methods have been developed for solving this equation, yet an accurate solution has not yet been found for the case of a gray plane-parallel layer or a half-space. In the present article the author examines two approximate methods for solving the transfer equation in the spherical case.


Normal isotopic silicon contains 3.05 percent of /sup 30/Si which transmutes to /sup 31/P after thermal neutron absorption, with a half-life of 2.6 hours. This reaction can be used to introduce extremely uniform concentrations of phosphorus into silicon, thus eliminating the areal and spatial inhomogeneities characteristic of chemical doping. Annealing of the lattice damage in the irradiated silicon does not alter the uniformity of dopant distribution. Transmutation doping also makes it possible to introduce phosphorus into polycrystalline silicon without segregation of the dopant at the grain boundaries. The use of neutron transmutation doped (NTD) silicon in solar cell research and development is discussed.


ABSTRACT The solvent extraction of dysprosium from an aqueous solution containing 1 g L−1 Dy and 0.2 M NaNO3 by Cyanex 923 was carried out. From some preliminary experiments, it was observed that the extraction of Dy in the presence of NaNO3 was more than that in the presence of NaCl and Na2SO4. The influence of equilibration time, equilibrium pH, extractant concentration, temperature, salt concentration and stripping agents were investigated. The McCabe–Thiele diagrams for extraction and stripping were constructed with 0.2 M Cyanex 923 and 0.1% sulphuric acid, respectively. The extraction of Dy was 98.4% in three countercurrent stages at pH 1.5 and A:O phase ratio of 2:1. The loaded organic was stripped with HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 and the stripping efficiencies of these acids followed the trend HCl < HNO3 < H2SO4. The McCabe–Thiele diagram for stripping with H2SO4 showed two stages at A:O ratio of 2:3 for quantitative stripping. The species extracted to the organic phase was determined to be . The change in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and free energy change (ΔG) were calculated to be –45.86 kJ mol−1, −120.63 J mol−1 K−1 and 33.58 to −39.82 kJ mol−1, respectively. Also, the synergistic effect of D2EHPA, Cyanex 272 and PC88A with Cyanex 923 was investigated.


The invention belongs to the grating preparation technical field and provides a method for efficiently fabricating a Bragg grating on a photonic crystal fiber. The method includes the following steps of: selective expansion processing: selective expansion processing is performed on a grating region to be processed of the photonic crystal fiber, so that a part of cladding holes of the grating region to be processed of the photonic crystal fiber can collapse, so that a local simplified cladding region can be formed; and Bragg grating preparation: laser grating etching is performed on the simplified cladding region of the photonic crystal fiber, so that the Bragg grating can be formed. With the method adopted, the problem of low grating processing efficiency of a photonic crystal fiber caused by strong scattering of side surface processing laser caused by cladding holes when the Bragg grating is prepared on the photonic crystal fiber can be solved.


good is to in PURPOSE: Venous congestion is a common complication following digital revascularization and replantation which threatens immediate survival of the digit. Leech therapy is an accepted therapeutic option to relieve venous congestion. The duration and efficacy of leech therapy varies and may prolong hospital length of stay requiring significant hospital resources. Previous studies evaluated the differ-ence in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) of salvaging a dysvascular digit and immediate revision amputation.1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost efficiency of leech therapy duration for treatment of venous congestion. METHOD: Retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent revascularization or replantation procedures for incomplete or complete digital amputations at a level 1 academic trauma center from Janu-ary 2005 to December 2020. Only patients requiring leech therapy for venous congestion were included in the study. Leech therapy was started immediately after any signs of venous congestion appeared and was continued until either the congestion resolved or the digit lost viability. Leech therapy duration, digit survival, length of hospitalization, and hospitalization costs were obtained. Cumulative Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratios (ICER) for each additional day of leech therapy were calculated using hospitalization cost, incremental leech success rate, and incremental QALY assumptions per published literature for one digit, a thumb, and multiple digits.1 Cost efficiency was analyzed by com-paring calculated cumulative ICER of daily leech therapy to commonly accepted $/QALY cost efficiency thresholds of $50,000, $100,000 and $150,000.1 RESULTS: Of the 213 digits that underwent revascularization (n = 135) or replantation (n = 78), venous congestion


Cytochrome P450 2A6 is involved in the metabolism of nicotine and the activation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. It is expressed in the liver and several extrahepatic tissues including lung and nasal mucosa. Genetic variability of CYP2A6 is considerable and has clinical implications. CYP2A6 polymorphisms are suggested to influence smoking behavior and cancer risk (Pianezza et al., 1998 and Kamataki et al., 1999). The clearance of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, can be altered by CYP2A6 variants (Desta et al., 2010). While the relationship between CYP2A6 polymorphisms and nicotine metabolism is established, the impact of dietary constituents and other xenobiotics as CYP2A6 modulators is less understood. With this in mind, cinnamic aldehyde and related analogs were assessed for their capacity to modulate CYP2A6 activity in vitro. Cinnamic aldehyde is the major constituent in cinnamon oil and is present in a variety of foods, gums, cosmetic products, and supplements. Of three cinnamic derivatives cinnamic aldehyde displayed the greatest potency in IC50 studies (IC50 = 7.0 μM; IC50 = 354.4 μM and IC50 > 2500 μM for cinnamic alcohol and cinnamic acid, respectively). Cinnamic aldehyde also exhibited time and NADPH dependent inhibition of coumarin hydroxylase activity (KI = 21.0 μM and kinact = 0.038 min-1). Molecular modeling identified five amino acids interacting with cinnamic aldehyde and threonine 305 was identified as a potential site for covalent modification by a reactive metabolite generated from activation of cinnamic aldehyde. The investigation of this model Michael acceptor molecule will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of CYP2A6 inactivation by phenylpropanoids. Disciplines Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Comments Poster presented at the 13th International Conference on Drug-Drug Interactions and 8th International Conference on Early Toxicity Screening, Seattle, WA, June 2010 Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This poster is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/phrmfac/41


The rotation about the sulphur(IV)–nitrogen bond in SS-dimethyl-N-methylsulphonylsulphilimine (Me2S:N·SO2Me) has been investigated theoretically by the extended Huckel Method; the symmetry properties of the molecule, the anomalies in its n.m.r. spectrum, and the fact that S-symmetrical sulphilimines cannot be resolved into antipodes are explained on the basis of the shape of the total energy curve.


Lung cancer can metastasise to the pericardium via the lymphatic pathway. This is a case of lung carcinoma initially detected in a pericardial effusion. A 66-year-old man with a history of smoking presented with fatigue and loss of 7 kg in 2 months. The chest radiography and tomodensitometry showed a right upper lobe opacity and a circumferential pericardial effusion. A 24-h percutaneous pericardiocentesis drained haemorrhagic fluid. Microscopic examination of the fluid revealed the presence of medium to large size cells, with low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio and irregular nuclei, sometimes multiple, with bluish inclusions. The cytoplasm was deeply basophilic, frequently vacuolised and sometimes detached from the cells. These atypical cells were often arranged in clusters, suggesting metastatic disease. Adenocarcinoma was considered most likely because of the typical large vacuoles (Figures 1-4, MGG stain, 9630 and 91000). The pericardial biopsy confirmed metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma. The patient rapidly deteriorated and died less than 1 month after the diagnosis. Pericardial metastases mostly originate from lung and breast cancers, lymphomas, leukaemias and, rarely, from mesotheliomas. Primary pericardial neoplasms are forty-times less common than metastatic ones. As in our case, the presence of malignant cells in pericardial effusion is linked to poor prognosis. 2 | MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS


The development of pH sensors is of great interest due to its extensive application in several areas such as industrial processes, biochemistry and particularly medical diagnostics. In this study, the pH sensing properties of an extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET) based on melanin thin films as active layer are investigated and the physical mechanisms related to the device operation are discussed. Thin films were produced from different melanin precursors on indium tin oxide (ITO) and gold substrates and were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Experiments were performed in the pH range from 2 to 12. EGFETs with melanin deposited on ITO and on gold substrates showed sensitivities ranging from 31.3 mV/pH to 48.9 mV/pH, depending on the melanin precursor and the substrate used. The pH detection is associated with specific binding sites in its structure, hydroxyl groups and quinone imine.


Mineral based lubricants and related additives result more hardly biodegradable than those formulated with synthetic and vegetable bases. Even if they don't produce serious hazards to human health thanks to manufacturing advances, in the past accidents occurred due to long exposure [1, 2, 3]. This paper is an overview on chemical composition, hazard characterisation criteria, biodegradability tests of several additives and lubricants compared with chemical process of vegetable by-products employed today in the field of lubricants.


The present study aims to identify the impact of the tone of risk reporting narratives on company market value. The paper uses a sample of 34 Portuguese non-finance companies with shares traded at the Euronext Lisbon stock exchange market. The paper conducts an automated content analysis of the risk reporting narratives included in the risk and risk management sections of the annual reports for 2018 by using the software DICTION 7 (Digitext, Inc., Austin, TX, USA) to retrieve the speech tone. Main findings indicate that the tone category "activity" is associated negatively with the company's market value. This result shows that investors misprice risk information that incorporates traces of overconfidence, narcissistic self-confidence and heroic leadership. The present study extends prior literature by analyzing the economic incentives of the tone of risk reporting narratives, not yet studied. Findings are both relevant to investors to support their decision-making processes and managers to strategically manage their risk communication tactics and benefit from the advantages emanated from them. Limitations related to the research setting do not undermine the generalization of findings because the automated algorithm provided by DICTION assures the content analysis's reliability. The sample used corresponds to the population of the Portuguese non-finance listed companies.


Connecting with the work experiences, this paper introduces the contents and modes of information reference service, analyzes some problems existing in the information reference service, and puts forward some solutions.


It has higher economic benefit to plant fruit trees than the general field crops and greening plants.In order to improve fruit yield and quality,tree species must match with site,so the salt tolerance of various fruits must be fully understood.At the same time,it is imminent to develop and utilize saline land reasonably along with increasing population and decreasing farmland.If fruit trees can be used to development saline land,it is undoubtedly a good saline agriculture development direction.However,the existing fruit tree varieties can't be grown in saline-alkali soil,therefore more salt resistant varieties must be bred.Study on somatic salt tolerant mutant screening has become a new hotspot in the field of plant salt tolerant breeding.In order to provide reference for reasonable utilization and development of fruit tree resources in saline land,part of the existing research results on evaluation of fruit salt tolerance and salt tolerance mutant were summarized.


Abstract. The β−cristobalite form of ceramic powder has great potential for fabrication of porous ceramics with having high thermal stability, low density and chemically inertness. Our previous study showed that it is possible to prepare a high−cristobalite ceramic powder at low temperature sintering (at 1200°C) the mixture powder composed of a high−purity quartz (99.09% SiO2) and clinoptilolite type of natural zeolite (25% zeolite, by weight). In this study, the phase transformation efficiency of the quartz to cristobalite was investigated with respect to high zeolite contamination in the mixture (up to 60% zeolite by weight) and the size of sample as coarse (milled for 8 hrs) and fine (milled for 80 hrs). Results showed that the phase transformation of quartz to β−cristobalite was almost complete with the fine sample having moderate zeolite additive (40-50% zeolite, by weigth).


Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment for veterans (VR&E) is an entitlement program that provides job training and related services to veterans with service-connected disabilities. In cases where a disabled veteran is not able to work, the VR&E program provides independent living services to help the veteran achieve the highest possible quality of life. The VR&E program is administered by the Veterans Benefit Administration, part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In FY2012, the VA estimates that VR&E benefits will cost $516 million, subsistence allowances for eligible veterans will be an additional $433 million, and administrative costs will total $204 million.


Background: We have previously demonstrated [1] that during application of DANTE (a rapid series of low flip angle RF pulses interspersed with gradients) pulse trains, longitudinal magnetization of flowing spins is largely (or fully) attenuated due to phase dispersion accrued while flowing along the applied gradient. This is in contrast to static tissue, whose longitudinal magnetization is mostly preserved. This progressive saturation of flowing spins is insensitive to velocity (above a threshold). Preliminary comparison of T1 weighted multislice imaging between DANTE, DIR [2] and iMSDE [3] preparation modules showed that DANTE is a very promising BB technique [1]. In this work, a more comprehensive comparison of T2 weighted and proton density imaging was performed. In addition, further application to a DANTE-prepared multi-slab 3D GRASE sequence was investigated. Methods: The proposed DANTE-BB imaging sequence is shown in Fig. 1, indicating both the DANTE preparation module itself, as well as the proposed method for embedding it within an imaging readout method, such as a TSE. Np is the number of pulses applied in the DANTE module. TD in Fig. 1b represents the inter-DANTE module delay time reserved for the readout module. Eight healthy volunteers (male, ages 24-35 years) underwent carotid artery wall MR imaging, acquired using a 3T Siemens Verio scanner with a 4-ch Siemens neck coil. For quantitative comparison [3] we define the SNR as SNR=0.695S/σ, where S is signal intensity and σ is standard deviation of the noise. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is defined as CNRml = SNRmuscle SNRlumen where 'ml' indicates muscle-lumen. The definition for CNReff is then given by CNReff = CNRml / (TSA) where TSA is the average scan time for each slice. All protocol parameters are listed in the tables below. Table 1. T1 weighted imaging protocols Common parameters for read-out 2D TSE image protocols FOV = 150 × 150 mm, matrix size 256 × 252, 256× 252× 8 for 3D interpolated to 512 × 512, slice thickness = 2mm, Number of average =1, TI=780ms TR (ms)/TE(ms) receiver bandwidth (Hz/pixel) Turbo factor slices/gap Concatenation groups Acq time (mins) BB module


In multi-rate digital receivers, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) mostly works at a fixed sampling rate. Subsequently, a Sample Rate Conversion (SRC) process should be executed after the ADC to extract the desired baud rate. A polyphase decomposition comb filter is widely used as a first decimation stage in SRC circuit. In this paper, a power efficient clock/data distribution technique for the input registers of the polyphase decomposition comb filter is introduced. A general form of the proposed technique is developed with respect to the filter decimation factor. An FPGA implementation for both modified and conventional polyphase comb filters is presented using Xilinx Spartan3 low power FPGA family. Implementation results show that, the proposed technique significantly reduces the overall dynamic power consumption of the polyphase comb filter up to 51.3 % and 47%, for second and third order filters respectively, depending on the decimation factor. For particular power consumption, higher input sampling frequencies is achieved by applying the proposed technique. That, in turns, improves the SNR of a second order ΣΔ modulator up to 14.82 dB and 12.4 dB, using second and third order modified filters, respectively, depending on the decimation factor.


Themechanicalstressof metal-enclosed 'Arcproofhigh-voltageinstallationscanbe tested switchgearinstallationsdue to fault arcs can be accordingto IEC regulations(1 or PHELANr. 2 f2)for predictedby meansof pressure calculation.In this example. papera numberof calculation methodsis discussed.The results of pressure calculationare comparedwith Theoreticalinvestigationscan help to study the pressure measurementsperformedin model switchgear pressureriseand the effectof pressurereliefdevices cubicles.It is shown,thatsimplifyingassumptionsin in detail. somecalculationmethodsleadto inaccurate_ results. Pressure calculationfor switchgear cubicles with


This paper contains a discussion on the practice and recommendations of placing RCC (roller-compacted concrete) during cold weather in a mass-concrete applications, such as in an RCC dam or RCC buttress for a dam. When cold weather placement conditions are anticipated for a particular project site, it is possible to incorporate into the design and construction quality control provisions that would minimize the adverse effects of cold weather on the RCC. This paper provides a practical approach whereby the contractor is allowed to produce and place RCC during cold weather without sacrificing the quality and design intent of the material. Three case histories are presented to illustrate the construction problems and performance of RCC placed under cold weather conditions. Guide specifications are also provided for cold-weather RCC placement.


This paper presents a brief historical review of marine propeller development leading to modern design, selection, and matching methods for high-performance craft such as planing hulls, hydrofoils and surface effect ships. Subcavitating propeller theory is summarized, and some limitations are discussed with regard to high-speed applications. An outline of supercavitating propeller theory is provided together with brief details of design procedures and the limitations of available data. The special problems of application of supercavitating propellers to surface effect ships are discussed briefly. Topics include sidehull installations, matching for hump and cruise, need for partial submergence and controllable pitch, strength considerations, and model versus full-scale performance. A review of recent progress in the application of supercavitating propellers to surface effect ships is presented, including comparisons of predicted full-scale blade pressures and stresses with actual full-scale measurements of speeds up to 80 knots. Future trends and goals are discussed, including development of improved performance prediction methods, rational structural design procedures, and new types of installation configuration. Much of the new information contained in this paper arises out of work performed under contract for the U.S. Navy Surface Effect Ship Program Office (PMS304) by Bell Aerospace Textron.


Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) is generated around the world and its quantity will increase in the future. Recycling has become the favored method of dealing with concrete waste but, to avoid its downcycling, it is important to develop a recycling process which is able to produce high-grade recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). To that end, studying the influence of the production process on the properties of RCA can prove to be a crucial step toward a more circular construction industry. In this study, the influence of the crushing method is investigated. Samples of five laboratory-made concretes have been crushed using the most common mechanical crushing methods (impact crusher and jaw crusher), and the particle size distribution, morphology, hardened cement paste content and water absorption of the produced RCA have been measured and analyzed. The findings indicate that the use of impact crushers results in the production of RCA possessing more spherical geometric characteristics, albeit with a broader particle size distribution and a relatively higher content of fine particles as compared to those obtained from jaw crushers. Additionally, it is observed that the employed crushing technique seemingly exerts no discernible impact on the hardened cement paste content and the water absorption in the context of the studied concretes.


The DUVFEL photoinjector consists of a 1.6 cell BNL gun IV with copper cathode, variable pulse length Ti:Sapp laser, and solenoid magnet. The beam dynamics and the electromagnetic fields in the photoinjector have been characterized by producing a short electron beam with very low charge that is used as a field probe. The transverse beam size and divergence are measured as a function of the initial RF phase and the initial spot size and compared with simulations using the code HOMDYN. The electromagnetic fields used in the simulations are produced by SUPERFISH, and have been verified with RF measurements. The simulations and measurements of beam dynamics are presented.


It has been demonstrated that the level of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin (loosely bound copper) is increased in Wilson's disease, although the total serum copper concentration is usually low, reflecting a low ceruloplasmin level. To assess the contribution of free radical reactions catalyzed by nonceruloplasmin copper to the development of complications in this disease, we investigated copper and antioxidant status in four untreated patients who had hepatic dysfunction with or without hemolytic anemia and made a comparison with five patients controlled on penicillamine therapy and 19 age-matched healthy children. We found that loosely bound copper in plasma measured by the phenanthroline assay was detectable in three of four untreated patients with Wilson's disease, but was not detectable in the patients during therapy or in the healthy controls. Among the various antioxidants, the ascorbate and urate levels were markedly reduced before treatment (mean ± SD, 23 ± 16 μM for ascorbate and 90 ± 59 μM for urate) compared with the values in the patients during treatment with penicillamine (67 ± 19 and 302 ± 78 μM, p < 0.05) and in control children (60 ± 8 and 254 ± 48 μM, p < 0.05). We also demonstrated that the plasma concentration of allantoin, an oxidation product of uric acid and a possible marker of radical generation in vivo, was markedly elevated in the untreated patients (11.0 ± 1.8 versus 4.3 ± 0.5 μM in patients on therapy and 6.5 ± 0.8 μM in controls, p < 0.05). The low plasma urate level together with the elevation of allantoin were thought to be responsible for the degradation of uric acid as a sacrificial antioxidant. In contrast, the plasma levels of α-tocopherol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances did not differ in these three groups. The value of the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter was reduced in the patients before the initiation of therapy (372 ± 146 versus 942 ± 79 μM in patients on therapy and 856 ± 104 μM in controls, p < 0.05), and this was mainly attributed to the depletion of ascorbic acid and uric acid. These findings suggest that the elevation of loosely bound copper leads to transition metal catalyzed free radical reactions in the aqueous phase of plasma, which may play a role in the clinical complications of Wilson's disease.


Abstract The legal organization of the national wealth in the world varies according to the political system, its function and its composition into a simple and complex state. A simple state with one authority and unity (one constitution, one government), and then individuals are subject to one authority and laws. Therefore, the legal organization of national wealth is central. The center controls all other activities and activities of the state. The existence of two levels of governance (the center / regions) and the accompanying administrative and financial division within one state, under a written constitution that regulates the relationship between federal and regional governments. Thus, federal regimes differ in the regulation of wealth legislation. Some of them regulate their legislation by giving wide powers to the wealth in their territory. On the contrary, most federal states formed by the unification of a number of independent territories have retained the territory by owning wealth, From the guarantee of that state, the federal states in the world in relation to the regulation of wealth related to the two-way, the first trend: see that the ownership of wealth belongs to the land and then be owned by the owner of the territory (territory), the second trend: Considered as state-owned (center).


Observations from NASA's Van Allen Probes have revealed the persistence of highly structured electromagnetic fields in the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetically active periods. In this presentation we decompose these structures into the fundamental low frequency plasma modes and show how these modes are modified by the large-scale inhomogeneity of the geomagnetic field and plasma through this region of space. This analysis identifies eigen-modes of the geomagnetic field that are extremely extended along the field but have transverse scales comparable to average ion-gyro radii. These features appear as part of a spectrum of filamentary currents and vortical flow structures generated through this region of space in association with plasma injections from the outer magnetosphere.


A system of like charges interacting with a weak repulsive Yukawa potential and confined in a one-dimensional parabolic electrostatic trap is under consideration. It is shown that inter-particle distance in this system grows from the center of the structure to its periphery. The same effect takes place for the mean square displacement of particles from their equilibrium positions, which corresponds to the amplitude of thermal oscillations, and for the value of Lindemann parameter. This leads to different degrees of order for particles located at different distances from the center of the structure. This result might be important for the study of phase transitions in dusty, colloidal and one-component plasmas.


The deposit characteristics of ceramic powder sprayed onto a substrate by the gas tunnel type plasma spraying apparatus were studied, and it was found that the special spraying distance L* can be determined by the deposit characteristics. The relation between the deposit characteristics and the coating quality such as the Vickers hardness and porosity was discussed and it was clarified that the special spraying distance L* governing deposit characteristics corresponded to the critical spraying distance Lc which indicated the largest distance in order to obtain the good coating quality.


The paper proposes a scalable fuzzy approach for mapping the status of the environment integrating several distinct models exploiting geo big data. The process is structured into two phases: the first one can exploit products yielded by distinct models of remote sensing image interpretation defined in the scientific literature, and knowledge of domain experts, possibly ill-defined, for computing partial evidence of a phenomenon. The second phase integrates the partial evidence maps through a learning mechanism exploiting ground truth to compute a synthetic Environmental Status Indicator (ESI) map. The proposal resembles an ensemble approach with the difference that the aggregation is not necessarily consensual but can model a distinct decision attitude in between pessimistic and optimistic. It is scalable and can be implemented in a distributed processing framework, so as to make feasible ESI mapping in near real time to support land monitoring. It is exemplified to map the presence of standing water areas, indicator of water resources, agro-practices or natural hazard from remote sensing by considering different models.


Micro-gripper is the key equipment in the micromanipulator field. Specially, the PZT-driven micro-gripper has been widely concerned by scientists. But it is the difficult to control the clamping force when the gripper is working under the micro/nano scale. So it requires models of the interaction forces and adhesion forces dedicated to this scale. This paper focuses on the studies of clamping force including the adhesion force, contact force and so on. The force model of the gripper will be established, and the process of the "clip-hold-release" will be studied. The experimental results indicate that the gripping force are different for different materials.


In China, qanats (kan'erjing/karez) exist only in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, being one form of traditional irrigation technology that made great contributions to oasis civilizations. There are different opinions on the origin and date of the qanats in Xinjiang due to a lack of adequate evidences. And uncontrolled over-exploitation of groundwater by pumping wells, as well as the expansion of surface water interventions nowadays, has caused serious impacts on not only the qanats, but also local ecological environments. There exist long-time arguments on whether the qanats should be restored or preserved. This study aimed to examine the historical development, geological conditions and characteristics, and modern implications of the qanats for oasis environmental protection, and to discuss the initiatives taken by local governments. The whole Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region was in- cluded as the study area, with a specific focus on Turpan prefecture. The materials and data were obtained from literature review and governmental documentation. Based on a systematic examination of three prevailing theories on the origination of Xinjiang's qanats, it is suggested modern archaeological techniques could be good solutions to explore the origination in addition to historical records used normally. Although qanats fail to fully meet today's enormous water demands, their rich historical, cultural, ecological and environmental implications in arid areas should not be underestimated. As a cultural heritage and ecologically-friendly engineering creation, qanat systems shall be kept in good condition and function by a valuable number. Recent initiatives to protect and restore target qanat systems in Xinjiang could provide positive examples for the practices in other regions of the world where the protection and restoration of qanats or similar technologies are desired.


OBJECTIVE: To adapted the critical velocity (CV), RAST test and lactate minimum (LM) to evaluation of female basketball players. METHODS: Twelve well-trained female basketball players (19 ± 1yrs) were submitted to four intensities running (10 - 14 km/h) at shuttle exercise until exhaustion, applied on alternate days. The linear model 'velocity vs. 1/tlim' was adopted to determine the aerobic (CV) and anaerobic (CCA) parameters. The lactate minimum test consisted of two phases: 1) hiperlactatemia induction using the RAST test and 2) incremental test composed by five shuttle run (20-m) at 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 km/h. Blood samples were collected at the end of each stage. RESULTS: The velocity (vLM) and blood lactate concentration at LM  were obtained by two polynomial adjustments: lactate vs. intensity (LM1) and lactate vs. time (LM2). ANOVA one-way, Student t-test and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. The CV was obtained at 10.3 ± 0.2 km/h and the CCA estimated at 73.0 ± 3.4 m. The RAST was capable to induce the hiperlactatemia and to determine the Pmax (3.6 ± 0.2 W/kg), Pmed (2.8 ± 0.1 W/kg), Pmin (2.3 ± 0.1 W/kg) and FI (30 ± 3%). The vLM1 and vLM2 were obtained, respectively, at 9.47 ±0.13 km/h and 9.8 ± 0.13 km/h, and CV was higher than vLM1. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the non-invasive model can be used to determine the aerobic and anaerobic parameters. Furthermore, the LM test adapted to basketball using RAST and progressive phase was effective to evaluate female athletes considering the specificity of modality, with high success rates observed in polynomial adjustment 'lactate vs. time' (LM2).


By means of a deep immersion probe (DIP) coupled to a FT-IR spectrometer, it is possible to monitor chemical reactions in situ continuously. Two examples are shown in order to illustrate the use of the DIP.


The structure of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia of the snake was studied using the rapid Golgi and the Nissl methods. The olfactory epithelium was a pseudostratified columnar one and was composed of supporting, olfactory and basal cells which were columnar, bipolar spindle and triangular, respectively. The nuclei of these three types of cells were arranged in a laminar pattern: those of the supporting cells were located most superficially, those of the olfactory cells occupied the middle wide zone, while those of the basal cells were arranged in a row at the base of the epithelium. The respiratory epithelium was a ciliated pseudostratified columnar one and was made up of columnar, mucous and basal cells which were cylindrical, goblet-like and triangular, respectively. Thus, the fundamental organization of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia in the snake was similar to that of the olfactory and and respiratory epithelia in various other terrestrial animals.


This study was a trial on Eulaliopsis binata grown in different soils with different seeding rate, different pretreatment of seeds and different level of irrigation and fertilization. Based on the trial an optimal method for seedling production of the species was developed and recommended.


A liquid consuming apparatus includes a liquid cartridge including a first liquid chamber, a second liquid chamber, and a movable member positioned in the second liquid chamber and including a detection portion and a float. The apparatus also includes a mount detector configured to selectively output a first signal when the liquid cartridge is not in a mount detection position and a second signal when the liquid cartridge in the mount detection position, a detector configured to selectively output a third signal when the detection portion is not in a detection position and a fourth signal when the detection portion is in the detection position, and a controller configured to measure a transit time from when the signal output from the mount detector changes from the first signal to the second signal to when the signal output from the detector changes from one of the third signal and the fourth signal to the other of the third signal and the fourth signal, and determine whether the transit time is within a threshold range.


The bondage number $b(G)$ of a nonempty graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with domination number greater than that of $G$. Denote $P_n\times P_m$ be the Cartesian product of two paths $P_n$ and $P_m$. This paper determines that the exact value of $b(P_n\times P_2)$, $b(P_n\times P_3)$ and $b(P_n\times P_4)$ for $n\ge 2$.


It might be unimaginable to anticipate the pandemic, but taking the initiative in measures when Covid-19 occurred was critical to success. However, the impact of this worldwide pandemic, ever known in World History, was predictable. Covid-19, the largest known pandemic in world history, will cause social, economic, and political changes. Country governments, non-governmental organizations, and companies have developed new skills and competencies to overcome the economic and social crisis caused by the pandemic with minimum damage. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the pandemic and the measures taken in Turkish shipyards in the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic with the cooperation of GISBIR and Istanbul Technical University Academic staff. Firstly, current academic studies were reviewed by conducting a literature search. Then, GISBIR data sheets, Baltic Dry Cargo Index, shipyard order book statistics, and employment statistics were evaluated as primary data. The shipyards' websites and the sector managers' reports are secondary data. Despite the pessimistic news, academic studies, and surveys published during the outbreak's initial phase, the authors could not find any evidence to indicate the medium-term negative impact of Covid-19 on Turkish shipyards. Although the Baltic Dry Index showed a decline in the first quarter of 2020, it rose right after the second quarter, and the shipyard order book statistics increased. Employment statistics, on the other hand, continued to increase gradually. Recovery depends on the shipyards overcoming the harmful effects of the crisis by investing in continuous improvement efforts, green technology, and systems, with the support of GISBIR, giving importance to effective crisis management and distinctive ship production.


Editor's Introduction Preface to First Edition Study I: Technical Approach to Stock Trading Study II: Important Reversal Formations Study III: Important Reversal Formations (continued) Study IV: Important Reversal Formations (continued) Study V: Minor Reversal Formations Study VI: Major Continuation Patterns Study VII: Trend Line Action Study VIII: Support and Resistance Levels Study X: Measuring Rules and Formations Study XI: Use of Long-Term Charts, Averages and Groups Study XII: Trading Tactics


P-wave propagation velocity in tourmaline is related to its microstructure, chemical composition, temperature, and other factors. The effects of tourmaline density, FeO contents, and temperature on P-wave propagation were studied in this paper. The results show that the temperature affects P-wave velocity due to the temperature dependence of thermal expansion, and elastic and dielectric constants of tourmaline. The propagation velocity of P-wave decreases with increasing porosity or FeO content. The content of FeO in tourmaline can be used as the basis for the determination of different species of tourmaline, which provides an important experimental basis for ultrasonic waves to be used as a nondestructive testing technology to distinguish different types of tourmaline.


Semi solid metal(SSM-) forming reduces the thermal load on the dies significantly whereas a relatively low viscosity of the semisolid material is obtained. This process is already established for magnesium and aluminium but there is stiln a lack experience concerning the forming of steel parts. One of the challenging aspects of steel thixoforming is the development of a die wich is resistant at temperatures of up to 1400 °C and has an adequte lifetime of 1000 forming cycles. This paper proposes a metallic die with PVD-coatings to prevent chemical, tribological and thermal interactions between die and formed material.


It is shown that a locally compact group $G$ is amenable if and only if some certain closed ideals of the Fig\`{a}-Talamanca-Herz algebra $A_{p}(G)$ admit bounded $\Delta$-weak approximate identities. Also, similar results are obtained for the function algebras $\mathfrak{L}A(G)$ and $C_{0}^{w}(G)$.


Study Design : We studied retrospectively the limbus vertebra by computed tomography or magnetic resonance image. Objectives : To analyze the clinical and radiologic characteristics of the limbus vertebra and to distinguish it from a fracture, infection or tumor. Summary of Literature Review : The limbus vertebra is common. However, the clinical manifestations including the level, symptoms and radiologic characteristics of the limbus vertebra are not understood exactly in the literatures. Materials and Methods : We presented 25 cases of the limbus vertebra that were confirmed by plain roentgenogram combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Of the 25 patients, 18 were males and 7 females. Results : The levels of the limbus vertebra were L3 (2 cases), L4 (13 cases), and L5 (8 cases). There were two cases of 2 level involvement (L3/4 and L4/5). All cases showed the lower lumbar lesion and complained of the lower back pain. The accompanying diseases included 10 cases of herniated intervertebral discs, 2 cases of ankylosing spondylitis, 2 cases of spinal stenosis and one spondylolisthesis. Three patients were first diagnosed as tuberculous spondylitis and 2 patient as spine fracture on plain roentgenograms. But they can be confirmed by demonstrating the herniation of disc material between the anterosuperior bony fragment and the rest of the body in CT or MRI. Conclusions : The CT or MRI could be great diagnostic modalities. The pathogenesis is thought to be the herniation of disc material into the vertebral body such as Schmorl's node and disc degeneration. Most limbus vertebra was found at the lower lumbar region and accompanied with disc bulging and degeneration. The correlation between the limbus vertebra and lower back pain is not certain.


Background Nurses experience moral distress when they cannot do what they believe is right or when they must do what they believe is wrong. Given the limited mechanisms for managing ethical issues for nurses in Japan, an Online Ethics Consultation on mental health (OEC) was established open to anyone seeking anonymous consultation on mental health practice. Research objective To report the establishment of the Online Ethics Consultation and describe and evaluate its effectiveness. Ethical considerations The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Research design This evaluation describes the outcomes of 5 years of operation of the Online Ethics Consultation on mental health in Japan Participants The Online Ethics Consultation received 12 emails requesting consultation. Consultees included mental health nurses, psychiatrists, and service users. Findings The most common questions directed to the service were about seclusion and physical restraint. Response time from receipt of email to sending a reply was between 1 and 14 days. Despite the disappointing number of consultations, feedback has been positive. Discussion The Online Ethics Consultation was established to assist morally sensitive nurses in resolving their ethical problems through provision of unbiased and encouraging advice. Mental health care in Japan has been less than ideal: long-term social hospitalization, seclusion, and restraint are common practices that often lead to moral distress in nurses and the questions received reflected this. The head of the Online Ethics Consultation sent a supportive, facilitative response summarizing the opinions of several consultants. Conclusion This study provides key information for the establishment of an online ethics resource the adoption of which has the potential to improve the experience of nurses, allied health and clients of mental health services. This paper has implications for services concerned with improving patient care, managing nurses' moral distress, building ethics into decision-making.


To understand the reported (NEJM 297:1246; 299:53) sex difference in antithrombotic effectiveness of aspirin (ASA), we studied ASA pharmacokinetics and ASA's effect on hemostasis and platelet function in patients undergoing totai hip replacement who received either 1.2 gm or 3.6 gm daily. Platelets from women aggregated more with epinephrine and collagen than did those from men, and, although ASA inhibited aggregation in both sexes, the sex difference persisted after ASA. The response did not correlate with ASA dosage. Serotonin release was initially greater with platelets from females but was abolished by ASA in both sexes. Platelet counts were higher in women (p<0.05). There was no sex difference in platelet malondialdehyde production or its inhibition by ASA or in basal values or ASA'S effect on bleeding time or fibrinolytic activity in whole blood. Serum ASA esterase activity was similar in the two sexes. Plasma salicylate levels were higher in women. No difference was observed in ASA's effect in the two sexes. The sex difference in the antithrombotic efficacy of aspirin may relate to ASA's failure to eliminate the preexistent sex difference in platelet count and aggregability.


ABSTRACT Sub-Saharan Africa reports high rates of human trafficking including child soldiers, sex trafficking, forced domestic labor, and ritual enslavement. In some countries, a majority of agencies who provide anti-trafficking specific services are faith-based organizations serving local communities. The shared value of social justice expressed by both religious organizations and the social work profession presents opportunities for collaborations in this field. However, there exist many gaps in the literature on faith-based anti-trafficking interventions, including best practices, program evaluation, and strategies to improve multi-sector collaborations. This research employs a scoping review to map peer-reviewed publications on faith-based organizations in anti-trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa. We examine the types of faith-based organizations providing services in this field, identify the trafficking sectors addressed, and the interventions offered. Informed by the findings of this review, we provide a research roadmap to promote multi-sector anti-slavery collaborations with the goal of maximizing the pool of resources available to both faith-based organizations and social work researchers and practitioners. Indeed, deliberate engagement built on shared values could bolster provision of localized and responsive survivor-centered services in the region.


Eleven Hystricidae teeth have been recovered from the mammalian-dominated fossil locality of Lemudong'o, Kenya. This site dates to the late Miocene, making these fragmentary specimens some of the earliest representatives of this family in Africa. As is typical in porcupine systematics, identifications of isolated teeth are based primarily on size. Three taxa are represented: Xenohystrix sp. indet., Hystrix sp. indet., and Atherurus sp. indet. Lemudong'o documents the earliest occurrence of Xenohystrix and Atherurus in Africa, and is characterized by a relatively wide diversity of porcupines.


In order to present the computer to students at the Polytechnic of Central London, in as realistic a manner as possible, and still keep within the constraints of time, syllabus and manpower to run it: the program below was developed. This program essentially enables several teams to play an Inventory Control game competitively, thus learning the essentials of stock and material control which is part of the Part II syllabus of the Diploma in Management Studies. It will also allow the teaching (manually), of forecasting, regression and flow charting to be included as the game is continued with interruptions for this purpose. The game is played via a time‐sharing terminal and is written in Hewlett‐Packard Time Shared Basic. The program is sufficiently long to include most of the more common programming techniques and these may be used as the basis for discussions if desired about how certain functions required of the program may be written.


A field-emission microscope with a movable specimen and a probe electron collector is described that is designed for recording low-frequency fluctuations of the field-emission current of metal-film systems. The instrument is made of glass. To reduce the background current, the luminophor display screen is removed from the space between the specimen and the metal disk with the probe opening, behind which the collector (VEU-6 secondary multiplier) is located.


Bitcoins have been around since 2009 but unlike the pound sterling do not rely on a central authority for either creation or management. It relies instead on cryptography. Bitcoins can be mined by employing computing power to solve complex algorithms. Users then store these in a bitcoin wallet. These can then be transferred from users to user to purchase some types of goods and services or exchanged for traditional money. The exchange rate for a bitcoin has been a rocky one starting in 2009 where one bitcoin was essentially worth nothing to a peak of $1,250 (£750) in November 2013.


The article focuses on the international legal papers that set forth freedom of mass media. The author emphasizes that freedom of mass media is based on the alliance of two fundamental freedoms freedom of expression and freedom of search, acquisition and distribution of information. The key concept of 'freedom of mass media' notion is an ability to produce, search for, get and distribute information freely (without any obstacles and interference, especially that of the government). The author studies evolution of international legal evaluation of mass media in the modern democratic society.


This origins of this article were with a group of women expressing their concerns on pressures being experienced by participants in professional courses of study within the tertiary sector. These pressures were being noticed by all involved, including teachers, students and those designing and resourcing professional experience opportunities. There are also pressures being experienced by the partner organisations providing the professional experiences.


Various organs from rabbits immunized with heat‐killed E. eoli 0: 14 to induce chronic polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined for amyloid deposition since amyloidosis is a frequent feature of long‐standing RA. Amyloids were confirmed mainly by polarizing as well as nonpolarizing light microscopy after Congo red staining and partly by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase technique. Amyloid deposits after an additional 2 months from the first appearance of arthritis were most frequently found in the spleen and kidneys suggesting secondary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis was observed in 36% of 75 arthritic rabbits. The incidence of amyloidosis was significantly higher in the arthritic rabbits than in the non‐arthritic rabbits (plt0.05). This suggests that prolonged sensitization with heat‐killed E. coli 0:14 containing endotoxic substance participates in the formation of both arthritis and amyloidosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1335 ‐1346, 1986.


This work aims at providing the assumptions to assist the sustainable development of cream formulations. Specifically, it envisions to rationalize and predict the effect of formulation and process variability on a 1% hydrocortisone cream quality profile, interplaying microstructure properties with product performance and stability. This tripartite analysis was supported by a Quality by Design approach, considering a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. Critical material attributes and process parameters were identified from a failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis. The impact of glycerol monostearate amount, isopropyl myristate amount, and homogenization rate on relevant quality attributes was estimated crosswise. The significant variability in product droplet size, viscosity, thixotropic behavior, and viscoelastic properties demonstrated a noteworthy influence on hydrocortisone release profile (112 ± 2–196 ± 7 μg/cm2/√h) and permeation behavior (0.16 ± 0.03–0.97 ± 0.08 μg/cm2/h), and on the assay, instability index and creaming rate, with values ranging from 81.9 to 120.5%, 0.031 ± 0.012 to 0.28 ± 0.13 and from 0.009 ± 0.000 to 0.38 ± 0.07 μm/s, respectively. The release patterns were not straightforwardly correlated with the permeation behavior. Monitoring the microstructural parameters, through the balanced adjustment of formulation and process variables, is herein highlighted as the key enabler to predict cream performance and stability. Finally, based on quality targets and response constraints, optimal working conditions were successfully attained through the establishment of a design space.


1 Aim-Scope This conference contribution deals with the economic effect of public transport supply improvements to productivity, generally referred to as agglomeration economy. To the knowledge of the authors, there has not been a systematic study regarding the agglomeration economy effects in Switzerland. Driven by this, this research attempts to answer two research questions. First, to proceed to the identification and quantification of agglomeration economy effects in Switzerland, and second to enhance the understanding of how different kind of public transport improvements can affect the magnitude of agglomeration economies. The main challenge in applied studies as such, is the isolation of the transport effects from other possible sources of productivity gains (Graham and Dender 2011), as well as simultaneity in transport supply and productivity. It becomes apparent, that the successful isolation of the public transport effects from the private transport ones, constitutes one of the main issues that the current research deals with.


This paper reports results which verify the general proposition that, where each unit of a time series is an average of points within that unit, the effect of such averaging will be to introduce a positive first-order serial correlation in the first differences of such a series even where the original series is a random chain. The findings here reported are the result of an investigation undertaken after Professor Holbrook Working pointed out to me that certain erroneous conclusions had resulted from failure to recognize that such a disturbance had been caused by this averaging process in one of several time series analyzed in a paper by the late Herbert E. Jones and myself, entitled "Some A Posteriori Probabilities in Stock Market Action," which was published in thejuly, 1937, number of Econometrica, pages 280-294.


This paper taker a sociocognitive approach on conditional counterfactual constructions in Brazilian Portuguese. Following work on Construction Grammar (Fillmore & Kay 1993, Goldberg1995), it is argued that tense and mood are related to contextually determined phenomena such as epistemic stance and epistemic distance. The main argument is that past morphology is responsible for hypothetical or counterfactual interpretations. Moreover, this fact shows the interaction between verbs and constructions, confirming the Construction Grammar's viewpoint.


This paper explores the wake of a wind turbine yaw and its influence on the output power of the downstream wind turbine. A wind turbine model (hub height and diameter of 1.2 m and 1.0 m, respectively) was used in the experiments, and the yaw angle of the upstream wind turbine was successively varied through values of 0°, 15°, and 30°. The wind speed and the intensity of turbulence in the wake region were measured using a hot‐wire anemometer. The measuring positions were changed to 3, 5, and 7 rotor diameters behind the upstream wind turbine. In addition, the output power of the downstream wind turbine model was measured using the rotational speed torque meter. The results show that, in the case of large‐angle yaw of the upstream wind turbine, the recovery of the wind speed in the wake area was greatly improved, and up to 30% recovery was achieved. The power output of the downstream wind turbine was also significantly increased. Under the yaw conditions of 15° and 30° for the upstream wind turbine, the average output power of the downstream wind turbine increased by 17.6% and 21.6%, respectively.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the magnetized fuel on the performance of spark ignition engine. The engine performance was observed by examining the engine brake power (BP) , thermal efficiency , specific fuel consumption (SFC) and exhaust emissions .The fuel is subjected to a magnetic field which is placed to fuel supply line to magnetize the fuel before admitted to the engine cylinder. Two types of magnetic coils were adopted in this study, the first one with 1000 Gauss and the second with 2000 Gauss. Experimental tests were conducted at a speed of 2000 rpm , compression ratio 8 , wide open throttle (WOT) and ignition timing was set between 5 and 30 BTDC . The results show a significant improvements in engine performance, the thermal efficiency and engine power increased by (4 %) and (3.3 %) respectively when a magnetic coil of 1000 Gauss is used, and a reduction in the specific fuel consumption by (12.8 %) was achieved. However, when the magnetic coil of 2000 Gauss is used the brake power is increased nearly by (16.4 %) , thermal efficiency showed an improvement nearly by (7.6 %) , while the specific fuel consumption is decreased by (21.3 %) with respect with no magnetic field case . The exhaust gas emissions show a reduction nearly by (80 %) of CO and by (44 %) of HC when the magnetic coil of 1000 Gauss is used. A further reduction nearly by (90 %) of CO and by (58 %) of HC is obtained when the magnetic coil of 2000 Gauss is used . ریثأت يف دوقولا ةطنغم ارتحا كرحم ءادأ يلخاد ق ررشلاب لمعی يدومح دیعس نسح لیلخ يلع دعر دمحم وبح نمحرلا دبع .د لصوملا ةعماج ةسدنھلا ةیلك ةیكیناكیملا ةسدنھلا مسق – . لصوملا


The dispersive larval phase connecting populations on different reefs has important implications for many aspects of coral biology. Larval competence curves describe the proportion of larvae in a cohort available for settling at different times from release. A study of the influence of competency in the settlement and connectivity in coral populations using a spatially realistic model is presented. The model was run using representations of the larval competence period for classical brooders and spawners, and for two spawning species (Acropora valida and Acropora millepora) exposed to random or directional currents. The earlier competence of brooders results in a larger number of larvae settling per larvae produced in all current conditions. The longer competence period of spawners allows them to have a higher absolute connectivity, but this is not necessarily the case when a higher threshold of connectivity is used, especially if the currents are not random. Individual reefs and coral species present very different dynamics, particularly in their connectivity.


The article examines the processes of formation and development of institutional environment in transforming economics. The article works out methodological approaches to understanding of different styles in the lawmaking that could be used for the purposes of forming of market economic institutions. The author proposes some methods substantiating qualitative and quantitative parameters of institutional efficiency


Ecuadorian Siona (Western-Tukanoan) shows a rather distinct prosodic system from that described in other Tukanoan languages. Because of flat monotone responses produced during eliciting sessions in the field, we developed an on-the-spot method for data collection through loosely structured role-playing events involving the use of a script with lines specifically designed to elicit the utterance types. Skits were performed in pairs who stood at approximately 5 meters apart from each other to assure the dialog was vocalised as much as possible though without yelling. Each participant was accompanied by a researcher who provided the lines in Spanish e.g., "What are you doing?". After each line was repeated in Siona, the other participant was asked to respond. Each participant wore a headmounted microphone and carried a digital recorder in a backpack to allow for mobility during the event. Results provided clear patterns for analysis that were not present during traditional elicitation sessions.


In order to study the change of ultrastructure of bacteria after ozone water disinfection treatment.Negative staining technique was used to carry out observation under transmission electron microscope.Results: After disinfection treatment with the water containing ozone 12 mg/L,the structure of Escherichia coli was found to become blurred under electronmicroscope,the bacterial surface presented folds and the staining became deeper.Staphylococcus aureus was stained deeper and division figures decreased.The shell of spore of Bacillus subtilis var.niger was blurred and swollen.Conclusion: The ozone water exerted obvious influence on bacterial ultrastucture,which was especially severe on E.coli and light on ultrastructure of bacterial spore.


Wear of bearing couples is one of the major concerns in artificial hip implantation. To minimize the wear of hip bearing surfaces, several new materials have been introduced and tested including metal-on-metal, ceramic-on-ceramic and hard-on-hard combinations. The present study involves prediction of wear on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cup against Co–Cr, alumina and zirconia femoral head by applying the three-dimensional (3D) physiological loads as well as angular motions on these bearing couples to calculate the contact pressure using finite element concepts. The linear and volumetric wear of bearing surfaces increase with increase in gait cycles. Overall, the Zirconia–UHMWPE combination showed least wear, when compared with Alumina–UHMWPE and Co–Cr–UHMWPE combinations. The present study also revealed that the Zirconia–UHMWPE combinations showed less volumetric wear than the Alumina–Alumina bearing which is at present used in artificial hip resurfacements.


This study examined rotifers from Lake Paranoa, an urban reservoir of central Brazil, within an exploratory sampling (from 1996 to 2005) on littoral and deeper areas in the lake and from the mouth of the tributaries of the lake (Torto and Bananal - north part, Gama and Riacho Fundo - south part) and registered five genera and 33 species are new records for the reservoir. This reservoir was subject to intense eutrophication at least during thirty years (1960 to 1998). Since 1999, when the lake underwent intentional flushing, shifts in species composition of rotifers were identified. Four new records were exclusives in triburary of Lake Paranoa. An expressive number of non planktonic species were registered in pelagic zone of Lake Paranoa, specially belong to Collothecidae.


The present invention relates to variants of a parent glucoamylase having altered properties (protein improved thermal stability and / or specific activity). In particular, the present invention provides a composition comprising a starch hydrolyzate composition, animal feed compositions, and the cleaning composition. The present invention also provides a method of producing a glucoamylase variant DNA constructs and host cells encoding the variant. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Figure 2


Hot thin layers for wearing courses need special technical solutions to resist heavy traffic and thermal stresses. Polymer-bitumens are applied as binders usually. Tests were executed for fine graded asphalt concrete and Stone Mastic Asphalt. Binders were base bitumens of two penetration grades modified with polyolephonic plastomer or SBS elastomer. Mixtures were submitted to the following tests: Wheel Tracking Test LCPC (WTT) at 45 degrees C and stiffness modulus (Indirect Tensile Test in Nottingham Asphalt Tester) at -10, 0, 10, 20 degrees C. Considering both extremes, high and low temperatures, the best evaluation achieved soft bitumen highly modified with SBS. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 885061.


This paper presents a study on a buffer tank for the waste water treatment plant at the level of "Oued Noumer". A geotechnical study was carried out to predict the profile of the site and the mechanical characteristics of the soil by the pressuremeter test (PMT) and two pressiometric soundings. A convergence study was developed to choose the appropriate mesh for the buffer tank in order to model the structure by the ROBOT software. The permanent and variable loads were calculated from the different equations and the combinations of actions to be taken into account in the different construction phases with the appropriate weighting coefficients were carried out according to the rules of BAEL91-revised 99. Test results have shown that the soil exhibits a good permissible soil stress equal to 2.00 bar. The value of the reaction modulusK calculated from the results of PMT and introduced into the ROBOT software is chosen equal to 2000 t/m. The reinforcement of the different elements of the buffer tank was determined in the form of steel sections in cm/m using the ROBOT software.


Complex image corregistration is one of the key steps in SAR interfereometric processing. While tie points accurate positioning is a core procedure in the complex image corregistration. The algorithms based on shifting window are time consuming. Introduces the FFT-based complex correlation function method which can realize integeral pixel-level control points positioning. This method can efficiently avoid complicated computation resulted in by shifting window-based algorithms. Chooses China Taiwan region's ERS-2 SLC data to perform above mentioned algorithms, and meanwhile analyze the coherence of coregistered images. The results prove that the algorithms are feasible,robust and efficient. Namely, even though the two images' acquisition time partition was relatively large, concerning with bad circumstance of coherence, Interfereogram can also be generated.


Core stability is a reference term for the performance of the deep trunk muscles, which provide functional stability of the lumbopelvic area and control the human body in static and dynamic positions.

The study group consisted of 30 patients between the age of 42 and 76 years (mean=61.4) after total hip arthroplasty (total hip replacement, Group I) and total knee arthroplasty (three-compartment arthroplasty with posterior stabilization of the implant - Group II). In 18 (60%) patients, hip endoprosthesis was performed, whereas in 12 (40%), three-compartment knee endoprosthesis with posterior stabilization has been implanted. In the study group, Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI) of the transversus abdominis muscle thickness was conducted at rest and in contraction, the transversus abdominis activation ratio was specified, the SF-36 Life Quality Questionnaire was applied and a three-week treatment cycle was performed. The tests were carried out twice, i.e. before and after treatment.

In the group of patients after total hip replacement, the transversus abdominis (TrA) contraction ratio before the beginning of the exercise programme was 0.79±0.06, and after its completion 0.9 ±0.02. The observed difference was statistically significant at p<0.001. In the group of patients after three-compartment knee arthroplasty, the TrA contraction ratio before the beginning of the exercise programme was 0.78±0.09, and after its completion0 0.91±0.02. The difference of these values was statistically significant at the level of p<0.05. The results of the SF-36 questionnaire in both groups indicate improvement in physical functioning. The observed difference was statistically significant at p<0.001.

The performed three-week physiotherapy treatment in conjunction with deep muscle training increases the thickness of the TrA muscle during rest and contraction testing, and increases the transversus abdominis contraction ratio in Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging in the study groups. Furthermore, improvement in the level of physical functioning was observed within the studied groups.


This thesis examines how the United States used soft power as a policy tool in Latin America during the Cold War. It examines U.S. intervention attempts in Chile, Guatemala, and Brazil during the Cold War, explains which attempts are examples of soft power, and categorizes these attempts in terms of the goals the United States sought to achieve. It is designed to address two issues in the existing soft power literature: a lack of empirical evidence of soft power's use as a policy tool and a lack of differentiation between the purposes of various soft power attempts.


The paper introduced characteristics and properties of the fabric of anti-ultraviolet polyester fiber /corn fiber /cotton blended yarn,especially introduced key points of fabric processing technology and the adopted measures.


The diesel engine fuel injector faults will affect fuel injection quality,cause worse combustion,and influence diesel engine performance.In the conventional fuzzy neutral networks,fuzzy computation often use static,local optimization methods of operation.A compensatory fuzzy neutral network-based system is proposed.The system has been used for the fault diagnosis of diesel engine fuel injection system,and has been proved effective.


All extant gonorynchiforms except for species within the genus Gonorynchus are provided with an epibranchial organ (EBO), which consists in a blind sac opening through a canal into the buccopharyngeal cavity just above and behind the last branchial slit. The proximal part of the EBO is supported by specialized elements of the last two branchial arches. The gill rakers rows of the same arches continue in the canal part of the EBO, but not in the sac. The epithelium and tunicae of the EBO are similar to those of the surrounding buccopharynx; it is plicate and rich in mucous cells. The gill rakers of all the branchial arches are particularly long and bear microbranchiospines (except in Gonorynchus and Grasseichthys). They constitute a very efficient filter complicated by bridges between the branchial arches and between the opposite gill raker s rows. All gonorynchiforms are considered to be efficient filter feeders and the EBO plays an important part in that function. A hypothesis is presented as to the water currents in the buccopharyngeal, opercular and EBO cavities, and as to the trapping of food particles by mucus and their transport into the esophagus. In 1 Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology. Institut de Chimie, Bat. B6, Universitè de Liège, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium. The Epibranchial Organ and Its Anatomical Environment 141 Gonorynchus, the EBO is functionally replaced by a dorsally elongated fifth branchial slit provided with very long gill rakers. This configuration is puzzling, regarding the phylogenetic position in which the genus has been placed in recent cladistic studies.


A series of methods such as taking process control,terminals control and auditing test results of coal quality etc are summarized in Pingshuo energy corporation Ltd,and good results of ensuring raw coal quality control are obtained in fact operation.


PURPOSE
To investigate how the greater contrast of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) affects the detection of suspicious lesions in Japanese population-based screening.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Screen-film mammography (SFM) and FFDM were performed in 480 women aged 50 years or more. A set of mediolateral oblique views was obtained with each modality. All mammograms were independently double-read. The five-scale category assessment and type of finding using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data system (BI-RADS) nomenclature were given. Intraobserver variance, recall rates, and positive predictive value were calculated.

RESULTS
The findings between the two modalities were discordant. kappa-values for each reader were 0.619 and 0.385, respectively. Almost half of the microcalcifications were called with both modalities. The detection of masses was less concordant between the readers (27%). The masses were detected more frequently with FFDM (73%). Other findings were only detected with one modality. The recall rate was not significantly different (2.9% with SFM vs. 4.2% with FFDM; p=0.253). The positive predictive value was not significantly different (14% with SFM vs. 10% with FFDM; p=0.69), either. Two patients with breast cancer were detected with both modalities.

CONCLUSION
Recall rates and positive predictive value were not significantly different between SFM and FFDM. Cancers were detected with both modalities.


The number of small and medium sized libraries in China is in absolute advantage,this paper analyzes the necessity and run into difficulties of the construction of small and medium sized digital libraries and proposed suggestions about a common literatures sharing with large-scale libraries and the digitization of local literatures resources supported government.


Intertextuality is an important feature of academic papers as well as literary works,which is demanded by rules of scientific propagation and exchanges.Understanding in depth the intertextuality of academic papers is the start point of reading,writing,and evaluating academic papers as well.


Education Ministry is to provide a broad autonomy in school institutions in the concept of school-based management (SBM). With the MBS school empowerment can be optimally oriented to the four aspects, namely to: improve the quality of education, equity, relevance, and efficiency of education providers. Structurally include: political commitment and policies of the central government (MONE) which is makro.Sedangkan formulation of the problem is: The extent to which the implementation of the program is reason to twelve (12) years in the District of Batang? How the Economic Impact of the development and evaluation of regional expenditure in the education sector development Against Batang District. To analyze the use of secondary data. Furthermore, the data is processed and analyzed descriptively. The first problem formulation will be answered by comparing the components of SPM both elementary school (SD) and high school (SMP) and High School (SMA), which is divided into a number of indicators of achievement of the minimum standards have to be met. The standard is based on the attainment of a minimum percentage, presence or absence of indicators and the increase or decrease in the indicator. Furthermore, achievement of the object studied empirically may be smaller or larger than the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) are determined. As for analyzing economic growth education sector used the model as follows:                (PDRB t – PDRB t-1 ) Economic Growth  (GDP )  = --------------------------- x 100%  PDRB t The results of the above analysis shows that the contribution of 60% of local government is still happening Gap between the expenses and the cost of education that should be spent both for elementary and junior high school. The dependence of the cost of education is still expecting central contribution that minimum service standards can be achieved. With economic growth (GDP) 21.66% expected a significant economic impact on the development of the education sector in the district of Batanghari. Keyword : economic impact, evaluation, development