To Canton, in the eighteenth century, European trading ships brought lead and silver, woolens, and spices from Indonesia. Returning to their home ports they carried teas and silks and-one of the most coveted of China's commodities-hard-paste porcelain. This durable and lustrous white material had long been admired by the Westerners, who had often tried to duplicate it; although eventually successful, they nonetheless laid their tables throughout the century with the more plentiful and much cheaper Chinese ware, which they could afford to order in a wide range of styles and decorations. It is part of the charm of China-trade porcelain that its designs can hardly be disentwined from the fortunes and identities of its Western purchasers. Directly by coats of arms or indirectly by the copying of engravings and shapes peculiar to certain countries , its function was to add luster to the preten-sions of the thousands of Europeans whose tastes Fig. I. Plate with the arms of the province of Artois. Chinese, probably madefor the Continental market, first quarter of the xvIII century. Diameter 12 inches Acc. no. 60. o Unless otherwise noted, the objects illustrated were purchased out of the Winfield Foundation Gift it so handsomely gratified. Some recent additions to the Helena Woolworth McCann Collection , made possible by the Winfield Foundation Gift, suggest how various these tastes were. Heraldry, long a cherished exhibit of family pride, was the favorite decoration for this porcelain. The stylish mantlings, the crowns and coronets , the symbols that half declared and half concealed the distinction of an ancient family subsumed an eighteenth century fascination with social trivia and romantic antiquarianism. One of the earliest armorial examples among our new acquisitions is a plate (Figure I) on which a design of Chinese figures and flowers surrounds the arms of the Flemish province of Artois. It is one of a number of such plates, most of them bearing the arms of a town or province in what at the end of the seventeenth century constituted the United Netherlands. As two plates of the set exist with the arms of England, it would be tempting to think that it was ordered by a Dutch official in the service of William III shortly after i689 when this prince of the house of Orange acceded to England's throne. But the recent discovery of a plate of this pattern with the royal French arms makes the …


We report the complete removal of stones from a continent urinary reservoir via a percutaneous route without using the continent efferent limb. Large-diameter endoscopic instruments greatly facilit...


Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud computing highlight new requirements for data collection, storage and analysis of user data. In this work we focus on the data collection from Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices in order to identify and track data from things in real time, as well as to enhance data analysis by allowing processing in the Cloud. The paper proposes an IoT service architecture and a system implementation for a gateway service running on smart devices (tablets, smartphones) that supports generic access to BLE compliant sensors and allows on-the-fly sensor registration using an easy to use data information schema. The gateway is designed to support the processing (e.g. filtering) of sensor data before they are transferred to the cloud in example of FOG computing (that defines high bandwidth and low latency IoT distributed system). The experimental results demonstrate that the system supports real time communication and fast data collection, as the total time for data transmission (from smart sensors to the cloud) is less than 130 ms.


The average velocity of space debris impacting on on-orbit spacecrafts is 10 km /s,and 90% of them in low earth orbit are the middle and low density materials.The experiments of Mylar foil and Al flyer impacting on Al shield structure at 14 km / s and about 9 km / s,respectively,are done by electric gun and magnetic driving technology,and the damage results of Mylar foil and Al flyer impacting on shield structure are obtained.The results show that the debris cloud created by Al flyer impacting on Al shielding slab at about 9km / s contains fluid state and even gas state,and the debris cloud created by Mylar foil impacting on Al shielding material at 14km / s is solid state.For the Mylar foil flyer,the shielding effect of double shield structure is better than that of the single layer structure.


A basis vector treatment of tensor calculus in an N ‐dimensional (pseudo‐) Euclidean space is used to obtain new insights into the geometrical properties of curved Riemannian spaces of smaller dimension which are globally embedded in the N ‐space. In particular, it is shown that, in general for a globally embedded hypersurface, (i) partial derivatives of internal basis vectors with respect to internal coordinates must in general be expressed as a linear combination of external as well as internal basis vectors, (ii) there exist two different geometrical expressions, always equal in value, for the intrinsic curvature tensor, (iii) the geodesic equation contains more terms than does the usual one; the extra terms vanish for Schwarzschild metric embeddings. These points are illustrated by the example of a 2‐sphere embedded in Euclidean 3‐space.


In modern Chinese, after structure of noun phrase or noun modified by numerals and classification is inserted to state adjective,it becomes the structure of "numeral + adjective + measure word + noun ".This paper will try to discuss the form,the meaning and the value of the structure.


Summary Recent advances in plant genomics are scaling up gene expression profiling from the individual level to the population level, making transcriptomics a more powerful tool while deciphering the genome function. This study developed an efficient 3′RNA‐seq method, Simplified Poly(A) Anchored Sequencing (SiPAS), to perform large‐scale experiments of gene expression quantification. Aside from being cost‐effective, by conducting a comprehensive performance assessment of SiPAS in hexaploid wheat, we demonstrated that SiPAS is highly sensitive, accurate, and reproducible while quantifying gene expression. Our method is anticipated to boost studies of population transcriptomics in plants and improve our understanding of genome biology.


The effective performance management can mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff. The staff's performance is related to the business performance. I research from the staff's performance of the power of enterprise and seek appropriate way to improve the staff's performance management staff of the power of enterprise.


Compared with the other building types, the school building has much higher occupancy density and ventilation demand. In Demark, most of the school buildings are ventilated by natural manner. There is a risk of poor indoor environment associated with the lack of ventilation system or insufficient ventilation rate. This paper aims to investigate the indoor environment in two schools with different ventilation strategies. The indoor environment parameters, such as operative temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 level, are recorded during a filed measurement in the heating season. The impact of ventilation strategy on the school environment is addressed.


Fault detection is one of the key steps in Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) and, therefore, critical for subsequent prognosis or implementation of Fault Tolerant Control (FTC). It is, therefore, advisable to utilize detection algorithms which are quick and can detect the smallest faults. Model-based detection methods satisfy both these criteria and should be preferred. However, a big limitation for model-based methods is that they require the accurate value of the component parameters, which is difficult to obtain in real situations. This limits the accuracy of model-based methods. This paper proposes a new method for fault detection using Energy Activity (EA) which can detect minute levels of fault in systems with high component uncertainty. Different forms of EA are developed for use as an FDI metric. The proposed forms are simulated using a two-tank system under various types of faults. The results are compared with each other and with the traditional model-based FDI method using Analytical Redundancy Relations (ARRs). The simulations are performed considering model uncertainties to check the inherent performance of the methods. From initial simulations, it is established that the integral form of EA is most suited for fault detection. The integral for if EA is then tested using a real two-tank system considering both the model and measurement uncertainties.


Immeasurable time bias exaggerates drug benefits in pharmacoepidemiologic studies due to exposure misclassification that occurs due to the lack of inpatient drug data in many healthcare databases.


Magnesium alloys are promising candidates for many structural applications in automotive and aerospace industry. However, due to the low service temperature of the majority of magnesium alloys, huge efforts are made in order to develop the high temperature systems with maximum exploitation temperature of up to 300 ◦C. Nevertheless, the increase of high temperature properties of magnesium alloys is connected with application of expensive rare earth elements (RE). In the paper the microstructure of Mg–XBi (X = 2, 5, 10) alloys has been investigated. The Mg–Bi system may be an effective substitute of Mg–RE alloys, due to the ability of formation of fine precipitates, strengthening the alloy, resulting from the limited solid solubility of Bi in Mg. Moreover the influence of ternary additions of Ca, Mn, and Zn on the microstructure and morphology of eutectic compound has been analysed. It has been found that Ca and Mn alters the microstructure of Mg–Bi alloys, resulting in refinement of eutectic compound precipitates, when Zn addition has no influence on the microstructure of investigated alloys.


The Andrejic focal extent measures, based on intensity, are an effective area in the focal plane, and an effective length of the focal region. The Cauchy–Schwartz inequality then provides lower bounds for both the transverse and longitudinal extents. Two families of monochromatic scalar beams, which share a tight-focus limit, are compared in their transverse and longitudinal focal extents. Both the beam families are characterized by a dimensionless parameter k b , where k = ω / c is the wavenumber, and b is a length. As k b increases from zero the transverse and longitudinal extents of both families increase monotonically. For large k b , the longitudinal extent becomes proportional to the length b , and the transverse localization is b / k , the same as for the Gaussian beam. For small k b , the two families have a confluent limit, the proto-beam. The Andrejic transverse extent lower bound is reached by the proto-beam, but the longitudinal extent lower bound is exceeded by the factor 4 / 3 . A hypothetical beam which reaches the longitudinal extent lower bound is shown to be non-physical.


This narrative testimonio qualitative study aimed to analyze how ten Latina leaders draw on their community cultural wealth (Yosso, 2005) to inform their leadership for educational equity in California community colleges to give voice to, acknowledge, and validate Latinas' experiences in the field of equity leadership. The knowledge attained from these lived experiences adds to the understanding that Latina leadership is crucial in addressing equity issues at California community colleges. Latinas who participated in this study have an array of skills they developed throughout their lived experiences assisting them in leading community colleges toward more equitized spaces. The participant Latina leaders acknowledged representation matters: they relate to the students' experiences and backgrounds; therefore, they understand the students' needs, which engenders their commitment to meet those needs and serve in an equitable manner. Ultimately, they lay the foundation for others to lead; Latinas are strong advocates for students, employees, and themselves; Latinas lead equitably by nurturing their authentic self which starts by honoring their family roots, promote their own culture and language, vindicate physical appearance, and embrace cultural skills and characteristics as strengths; lastly, Latinas lead equitably by building relationships inside and outside of their institutions. They build relationships locally with other colleges' Latino organizations; they join state organizations such as CCCOLEGAS to connect with other Latinos at other community colleges; and lastly, they look for professional support from national organizations such as NCCHC to find professional support for advancement into higher leadership positions.


This review is an update on the use of cytotoxic drugs for psoriasis. Drugs reviewed include methotrexate, 6-thioguanine, hydroxyurea, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and piritrexim.


Among nitroaromatic compounds with similar structures, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) exhibits strong biological toxicity and explosion hazard. Therefore, detection of TNP is of great importance. In this work, two novel fluorescent macromolecular chemosensors P1 and P2 were prepared using boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as the fluorophore. After the preparation of small BODIPY molecule M1, another small molecule M2 with two aldehyde groups was synthesized by two consecutive Vilsmeier-Haack reactions. Then, M2 reacts with trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine respectively to obtain two macromolecules P1 and P2 via Schiff Base forming reaction. The results suggested that P1 and P2 could recognize TNP only while other aromatic/nitroaromatic compounds cannot cause significant fluorescence intensity response. When TNP exist, these fluorescent macromolecular chemosensors produce significant fluorescence quenching. At the same time, because the electron-rich Schiff base and the electron-deficient TNP have the structural basis of chemical interaction, these two macromolecular sensors also have excellent sensitivity to TNP, and the excellent recognition limit of detection reach as low as 0.017 μM. High sensitivity and selectivity have been applied to test TNP in lake water samples as well.


Phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines are structure‐related alkaloids that are well known for their profound cytotoxicity toward a variety of cancer cells and thus have been explored to develop into anti‐cancer agents. Tylophorine and cryptoleurine are representative of these two classes of alkaloids respectively. While tylophorine was conceivable to account for the anti‐inflammation related effects for Tylophora indica and has been reported to exert significant anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, not much known for cryptoleurine and its analogues for anti‐inflammation related effects. Although over 70 of phenanthroindolizidine, phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids, and their analogues have been purified or synthesized, systemic analyses for the structure‐activity relationships are needed for more clear elucidation between or among the phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines. Thus, We synthesized 16 compounds of phenanthroindolizidines (8 compounds, 2 sets) and their counterparts of phenanthroquinolizidines(8 compounds, 2 sets). We analyzed the relationships between the structures and activities of anti‐cancer cell growth and anti‐inflammation in in vitro systems and also probed the differential activity between and among the phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines.


A morphological analysis of ejaculated human abnormal spermatozoa is presented. Eighteen different malformations are characterized, based on (a) the cell's organelle where they appeared, (b) the possible developmental stage when they occurred, and (c) the possible mechanism responsible for a specific appearance. The forces that govern the shaping of the spermatozoan head are described in detail. The possible mechanism responsible for chromatin subcondensation, acrosome malformation, kinked tail forms, and mitochondrial malformations are discussed.


Sensitive skin is a self-diagnosed condition and is usually not accompanied by any obvious physical signs of irritation. Patients with this syndrome usually have unpleasant sensations whenever exposed to any physical, thermal or chemical stimuli that normally cause no provocation on healthy skin. Cosmetics, skin barrier impairment, and climate changes are the main contributing factors for skin hyperactivity. Although diagnosis is challenging due to lack of any specific or preferred diagnostic methods and interventions, recent studies on different clinical aspects of sensitive skin have provided new approaches to the diagnosis, management and interventions targeting the pathophysiology and treatment of sensitive skin syndrome. In general, patients with sensitive skin need an individual approach, keeping in view the various biomedical, neural, and psychosocial factors affecting sensitive skin.


This invention relates to a transposition assembly for transferring a DNA fragment of interest in nuclear ribosomal DNA of a eukaryotic cell. The present invention also relates to a means for introducing, a eukaryotic cell and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said set of transposition, as well as the transfer method in vitro said DNA fragment.


The problem of effectively reconstructing an unknown object using its patterns distorted by errors of given type and multiplicity is considered. The efficiency of recognition is understood in the sense of minimizing the number N of erroneous patterns that are sufficient for reconstructing an unknown object exactly or with given accuracy and/or with given error probability. This problem essentially differs from the traditional problems of storing and transmitting encoded messages, because we consider reconstruction of an arbitrary object from a given set. In this paper the problem is formulated in terms of metric spaces, and it is solved for metric spaces that are most interesting for the theory of information transmission. For these metric spaces, the minimum numbers of erroneous patterns are obtained, and simple algorithms for reconstructing objects using these minimum numbers of patterns are presented.


The presence of Chalcophora intermedia fagniezi Schaefer, 1936 in the Iberian Peninsula is confirmed (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Chrysochroinae) Abstract: The presence of Chalcophora intermedia fagniezi Schaefer, 1936 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) in the Iberian Peninsula is confirmed, based on specimens found in the Aragonian Prepyrenees and Huesca's Somontano area (Spain).


it accordingly." The question that now remains is: Did Guibourt validly publish the name Sphaeropus fungorum Paul. and the generic name Sphaeropus Paul. for the taxa to which they were applied by Paulet himself? The answer is of no interest in connection with the conservation of Claviceps. If it were to be answered in the affirmative this would mean merely the valid publication of a later typonym (isonym) for Onygena Pers. per Fr. or Asterophora Ditm. per Fr. (1821; for which see Donk, 1962: 79-80). Even if one was to concede that Guibourt's use of the specific name Sphaeropus fungorum Paul. was not a case of 'incidental mention' (and, hence, was not validly published in accordance with Art. 34 Note 2) then it has to be concluded that the reference is to the description of a species rather than to that of a genus or subdivision of a genus (Art. 41) and accordingly not validly published. Art. 42 must not be invoked here, Paulet's figure referred to not being simultaneously published.


Individual differences like gender, learning styles, and intelligence are assumed to influence the rate of learning and the ultimate levels of mastery achieved in learning a foreign language. The present correlational study pursued the double purpose of examining gender variation in Iranian EFL learners' dominant intelligences and their learning styles and to compare any significant relationship among these variables across gender. A sample of 80 undergraduate EFL students majoring English at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, was recruited from a pool of 97 based on convenience sampling procedure. The research data were obtained through administering Armstrong's (1993) MI Inventory for Adults and Barsch's (1991) Learning Style Inventory and were analyzed employing descriptive statistics and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation (Rho). The descriptive statistics indicated that while both female and male participants preferred visual learning style, they differed in their dominant intellectual propensities, with the females opting for bodily-kinesthetic and the males preferring verbal-linguistic intelligence. Significant positive relationships were found between male and females' preferred learning style and their dominant intelligences. The findings underscore the need for taking these overall inclinations into account by teachers and instructors and offered a number of pedagogical implications to maximize learning opportunities. Key words: EFL, Individual Differences, Learning Styles, Multiple Intelligences


In the context of fluctuation relations, we study the distribution of energy dissipated by a driven two-level system. Incorporating an energy counting field into the well known spin-boson model enables us to calculate the distribution function of the amount of energy exchanged between the system and the bath. We also derive the conditional distribution functions of the energy exchanged with the bath for particular initial and/or final states of the two-level system. We confirm the symmetry of the conditional distribution function expected from the theory of fluctuation relations. We also find that the conditional distribution functions acquire considerable quantum corrections at times shorter or of the order of the dephasing time. Our findings can be tested using solid-state qubits.


Technological developments in sugar processing reported during 2001 are examined. The paper details developments in beet and cane transport, extraction, clarification, demineralisation and decolorization, mill sanitation, filtration, pumping, energy economy, crystallisation, centrifugation, process and quality control and environmental issues.


There are 7 preparations of the gonadotropic principle of human pregnancy urine in common use at the present time. All of these are standardized in rat units. However, each manufacturer defines his unit differently, using various criteria as a basis. Estrous type of vaginal smear, follicular maturation and luteini-zation, and change in ovarian weight are some of the criteria employed. The age of the test animals, the time elapsed during the assay, and the number of injections, are also variables. Since different quantities of the human urinary gonadotropic material are required to produce these criteria, and since an older test animal is more easily brought to maturation than a younger one, the commercial human urinary gonadotropic units are not comparable by definition alone. D'Amour and D'Amour 1 have attempted to make an effective comparison of these units, employing ovarian weight as a criterion. We have adopted the estrous type of smear in 21-day-old rats as the criterion in our assays. All our animals were females of the Sherman strain, and at least 10 rats were utilized for each assay. All available human urinary gonadotropic products were then assayed by this method.∗ Daily injections of 0.5 cc of the test material were given sub-cutaneously for 3 consecutive days, and the animals were tested for the estrous type of smear at 120 hours following the initial dose. Their ovaries were examined grossly for evidences of maturation. A result was considered positive if at least 50% of the animals had an estrous type of smear. If the number of rat units of the test substance first employed was insufficient to give a positive result, a greater number of units was injected into each of the next group of 10 rats.


In chemical graph theory, a topological descriptor is a numerical quantity that is based on the chemical structure of underlying chemical compound. Topological indices play an important role in chemical graph theory especially in the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). In this paper, we present explicit formulae for some basic mathematical operations for the second hyper-Zagreb index of complement graph containing the join G1 + G2, tensor product G1 \(\otimes\) G2, Cartesian product G1 x G2, composition G1 \(\circ\) G2, strong product G1 * G2, disjunction G1 V G2 and symmetric difference G1 \(\oplus\) G2. Moreover, we studied the second hyper-Zagreb index for some certain important physicochemical structures such as molecular complement graphs of V-Phenylenic Nanotube V PHX[q, p], V-Phenylenic Nanotorus V PHY [m, n] and Titania Nanotubes TiO2.


Financial behavior is a person's ability to manage planning, budgeting, checking, managing, controlling, finding and storing daily financial funds. One of the factors that influence financial behavior is knowledge about financial literacy. The author's purpose is to determine the effect of financial literacy, hedonic lifestyle and personal financial attitudes on financial behavior in students of the economics faculty of management study program class l2018. The numberl of samplesl in thisl study werel 84 students usingl the slovinl formula. Thel analysis technique inl this studyl uses multiplel linear lregression, multiple correlationl determination, t testl and F ltest. Thel results ofl this studyl indicate thatl financial literacyl (X1) hasl a positivel and significantl effect onl financial behavior (Y). Hedonic Lifestyle (X2) hasl no effectl on financial behavior (Y). Personal financial attitude (X3) hasl no effectl on financial behavior (Y). Financiall literacy, hedonic lifestyle and personal financial attitudes simultaneously have a significant effect on financial behavior (studentsll of the 2018 classl of managementl study programl at Universitas Muhammadiyahl Sumatera Utara).


Abstract Cross-dressing, as a cultural practice, suggests gender ambiguity and allows freedom of self expression. Yet, it may also serve to reaffirm ideological stereotypes and the binary distinctions between male and female, masculine and feminine, homosexual and heterosexual. To explore the nature and function of cross-dressing in Chinese and Western cultures, this paper analyzes the portrayals of cross-dressing heroines in two Chinese stories: The Ballad of Mulan (500-600 A.D.), and The Butterfly Lovers (850-880 A.D.). Distorted representations in the English translated texts are also explored..


Synthetic oils, they cost more, right? Well, they do if cost is defined as an upfront outlay. But a lifecycle cost analysis, or even a time-specific analysis – winter, for example – might convince someone that under the appropriate circumstances, synthetic oils more than pay for themselves. Synthetic oil base stocks enable refiners to create engine oils with better thermal stability. Thermal stability is critical in keeping oil viscosity high enough for proper component protection. At the extreme cold or extreme hot ends of the workday temperature scale, synthetics are out-performing mineral oils by losing less of their midrange structure. Synthetics offer both superior low-temperature performance and a high level of film strength at high temperatures to better protect all moving parts. The fluid will be thin enough to flow easily and quickly, and reach all parts when you start up on a cold morning, yet it will remain more than thick enough when running at high speeds on a hot day. While they are every bit as thick or viscous at normal operating temperatures as mineral lube, synthetics will start out thinner when you fire up equipment on a cold morning. Almost all the oil ends up in the crankcase when the engine sits overnight. When the weather is cold, and at its coldest in the morning when you start work, synthetic oil pumps more quickly and circulates more freely. Also, wear surfaces will be lubricated more quickly with a lower-viscosity oil, and wear will be reduced.


In this paper we consider an initial boundary-value problem for a weakly hyperbolic generalized Fisher equation of order p > 0. We show that for each p > 0 the large time structure of the solution involves the evolution of a propagating wavefront. However, we demonstrate that the case p = 1 is a bifurcation point in the sense that for p ⩾ 1 the wavefront is of reaction-diffusion type, while for 0 < p < 1, then the wavefront is of reaction-relaxation type.


< by DAVID REAL the 68-vear-old Yarborouerh is ta. wha's been unconscious in he helDed uass a bill nrovidinsr eierarette" was a "barba Former U. S. Senator Ralph Yarborougfli paid a visit to the Rice campus last Thursday, in support of his bid to capture the Democratic (nomination for the Senate in the May 6th primary. The Democratic candidate will face incumbent Republican Senator John Tower in the November elections. Yarboi-ough presented a short speech followed by a questionand-answer session. His chief Democratic opposition, Barefoot Sanders, has charged that y roug too old for the job. He pointed out that Sanders, who has no Senate experience, is himself older than Tower, who has accumulated nearly 12 years of legislative experience.


The article attempts to combine findings from transition studies, Middle East Studies and European Studies in the framework of a historical institutionalist approach in order to explain political output and interaction in Euro-Mediterranean relations. Its focus is on the impact of domestic political structures and processes of transition in the Arab world as well as inside the European Union on the interaction structures in Mediterranean politics. The approach aims to explain change and persistence in the Euro-Mediterranean policy arena not by single incidents but by drawing a complex picture of the development of political and social institutions and introducing the concepts of path dependency and critical junctures. The objective of the article is to formulate a theoretical research program for Euro-Mediterranean relations that identify the institutional structures behind the phenomenological level of analyzing politics as the interactions of interests and values.


We calculate overstable convective (OsC) modes of 2M⊙, 4M⊙, and 20M⊙ main sequence stars. To compute nonadiabatic OsC modes in the core, we assume (∇ · FC) ′ = 0 as a prescription for the approximation called frozen-in convection in pulsating stars where FC is the convective energy flux and the prime ′ indicates Eulerian perturbation. We find that the general properties of the OsC modes are roughly the same as those obtained by Lee & Saio (2020) who assumed δ(∇ ·FC) = 0, except that no OsC modes behave like inertial modes when they tend toward complete stabilization with increasing rotation frequency where δ indicates the Lagrangian perturbation. As the rotation frequency of the stars increases, the OsC modes are stabilized to resonantly excite g-modes in the envelope when the core rotates slightly faster than the envelope. The frequency of the OsC modes that excite envelope g-modes is approximately given by σ ∼ |mΩc| in the inertial frame and hence σm=−2 ≈ 2σm=−1 where m is the azimuthal wavenumber of the modes and Ωc is the rotation frequency of the core. We find that the modal properties of OsC modes do not strongly depend on the mass of the stars. We discuss angular momentum transport by OsC modes in resonance with envelope g-modes in the main sequence stars. We suggest that angular momentum transfer takes place from the core to the envelope and that the OsC modes may help the stars rotate uniformly and keep the rotation frequency of the core low during their evolution as main sequence stars.


A new method for computing the tangential and sagittal curvatures from the normals to a cornea is proposed. The normals are obtained through a Null Screen method from the coordinates of the drops shaped spots at the null screen, the coordinates on a reference approximating surface and the centroids on the image plane. This method assumes that the cornea has rotational symmetry and our derivations will be carried out in the meridional plane that contains the symmetry axis. Experimental results are shown for a calibration spherical surface, using cylindrical null screens with radial point arrays.


APPLICATION OF PATTERNS FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL-ENGINEERING PROCESSES

Summary
Because of divergences existing between the results obtained by means of theoretical calculations and the real occurrence of the geological-engineering phenomena one tries to find the more precise solutions of many problems, using the modelling method. Taking into consideration the bases of the mechanical resemblance theory and the modelling by means of equivalent materials as well as the modelling by means of authentic ones, one substantiates that the patterns of a geological-engineering centre allow to present its physical and mechanical proprieties, particularly its mechanical anisotropy at such degree at which it has been confirmed.


In order to obtain maximum compression ratio and solve the problem of tremendous information transmission and storage under the condition that the images meet the requirement of data processing precision,according to the character of digital image,H.264 was applied to encode object region and background region encoding respectively so that 70 multiple compression picture data and object coordinates in the image coordinate system were obtained.The experimental results illustrated that the object region lossless compression encoding and background region lossy compression encoding were implemented.It not only satisfied the range data processing precision but also reduced the information quantity consumedly.The technique can be applied to process the standard bit images and widely extended in other ranges.


Objectives/Goals The objective of this experiment was to determine if we could culture a strain of Volvox, normally freshwater algae, to become adjusted to a saltwater environment. Methods/Materials We obtained our Volvox Aureus from Centennial High School, which also supplied the experimental equipment, and initially exposed them to a wide range of Instant Ocean concentration, from .006g/ml to .014 g/ml, to monitor their sensitivity towards a salt-water environment. After this analysis stage, we exposed the algae to increasingly higher levels of salt concentration. Light transmission and absorbency, as well as visible observations were recorded daily. Results The data shows that after a period of adaptation, the Volvox was able to survive in an environment it did not expect. We cultured strains to .11 g/ml and .18 g/ml, and they continued to have growth in spite of increasing levels of salinity. Conclusions/Discussion Sensitivity to the salt water might be limited by the time given towards adaptation before increasing the level of salinity. An experiment conducted over a longer amount of time with a less aggressive schedule might procure different results. It was determined that Volvox could be cultured to survive as well as those in freshwater, when the salt concentration was at .11 g/ml and .18 g/ml.


As the number of applications using wireless technologies continues to increase, it is necessary to educate and train students in our engineering technology programs in the particularities of radio frequency. Because the behavior of circuit elements in this frequency range is much different from how they act at low frequencies, experimental learning is a critical tool in their education. This paper describes experiences using a low-cost antenna analyzer for students to learn the characteristics of transmission lines as they experiment with the analyzer.


Objective To explore the trans-supraorbital keyhole approach microsurgical technique for treatment of the large or huge tumors in the sellar region. Methods In 32 patients who had undergone the trans-supraorbital keyhole approach microsurgery, 17 (53.1%) suffered from pituitary adenoma, 5 (15.6%) meningiomas, 7(21.9%) craniopharyngioma and 3 (9.4%) other diseases. Results 27 (84.4%) patients had total tumor removal, and 5 had subtotal or partial tumor removal with incomplete tumor following radiotherapy. The patients were followed-up for 4 months to 2.2 years without death occurred and tumor regrowth was found in 2 cases. Conclusion Trans-supraorbital keyhole approach microsurgery for treatment of large and huge tumors in the sellar region can provide stable curative effect with less complication.


In Walden Two, B. F. Skinner offered a cultural design that has intrigued behavior analysts and other thoughtful individuals for over forty years. Some experimental attempts to implement the technologies in the real world have occurred, but clearly the effects until now have been circumscribed, and behavior analysis is in short-term danger of becoming a specialized technology for dealing with a narrow range of human problems. Skinner himself, and others, have examined reasons for the limited situation and that of Walden two is too large to leap all at once. While Frazier' s argument that separation from the mainstream is essential may ultimately prove true, at this point very few individuals have emitted the requisite behaviors, leaving behind family, career, and economic independence for a promised land of perpetual reinforcement. Three initial approaches are explored in this fictional account, each of which, building on stimulus equivalence, resembles existing cultural institutions to some extent, but may have potential for bringing Skinner' s technology more broadly into daily life.


Resistin is a new hormone which is secreted by fat cells. It can inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes and impair the insulin action. Circulating resistin concentrations is influnced by several factors. Resistin offers a new research target for the study of obesity and insulin resistance. It is likely to serve as a link between obesity insulin resistance. Further studies is required to understand better the biological function of resistin and the relation of obesity,insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. \[


Abstract The solar infrared spectra of Murcray et al. (1969) do not contain direct evidence for the presence of N2O5 in the stratosphere. Comparison of atmospheric and laboratory spectra indicate that the upper limit to stratospheric N2O5 number density is about 2 × 108 cm−3.


Soils of tropical regions are more weathered and in need of conservation managements to maintain and improve the quality of its components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of K, the organic matter content and the stock of total carbon of an Argisol after vinasse application and manual and mechanized harvesting of burnt and raw sugarcane, in western Sao Paulo.The data collection was done in the 2012/2013 harvest, in a bioenergy company in Presidente Prudente/SP. The research was arranged out following a split-plot scheme in a 5x5 factorial design, characterized by four management systems: without vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest after burning; without vinasse application and harvest after burning; plus native forest, and five soil sampling depths (0-10 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm), with four replications. In each treatment, the K content in the soil and accumulated in the remaining dry biomass in the area, the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and soil carbon stock were determined. The mean values were compared by Tukey test. The vinasse application associated with the harvest without burning increased the K content in soil layers up to 40 cm deep. The managements without vinasse application and manual harvest after burning, and without vinasse application with mechanical harvesting without burning did not increase the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and stock of total soil organic carbon, while the vinasse application and harvest after burning and without burning increased the levels of these attributes in the depth of 0-10 cm.


Summary: The population dynamics of dogs is an important factor in the epidemiology of endemic canine rabies. Lack of reliable estimates of dog populations hampers rabies control campaigns in developing countries, as costbenefit analysis of control strategies cannot be made accurately. The WHO "Guidelines for dog rabies control" has stressed the need for research on dog populations and ecology in urban and rural areas. Determination of dog population density (dogs/km2) from established indicators of dog abundance (dog to human ratio and dogs per household) is one recommended procedure. Using a questionnaire, we carried out a pilot study in selected urban and rural areas of Nigeria, in order to establish the population density and structure of owned dogs, differences in frequency distribution and population densities of dogs in households in urban and rural areas, and factors which promote straying of owned dogs. More dogs were owned by urban households than in the rural areas. The association between the number of dog-owning households and locality (urban or rural) was highly significant. There was also a significant association between the number of dogs in a household and locality. The dog to man ratios for urban and rural areas were also calculated. By both indicators, the abundance of dogs in the urban area was twice that of the rural areas. Calculated from the dog to human ratios and projected human population densities, the population density of owned dogs in the urban (131/km2) was 8.8 times that in the rural areas (15/km2). The male:female ratios and age distribution of dogs for urban and rural areas were also calculated. The epidemiological and public health implications of large urban dog populations, partial confinement and free range of owned dogs in urban and rural communities include promotion of straying, gathering of dogs in packs, easy contact with strays and wildlife, and increased risk of human exposure to dog bites and to rabies.


The present invention discloses DC magnetically controlled co-sputtering process for preparing transparent conductive ZnO:Al film in polycrystalline structure on glass substrate. The present invention has sputtering target of separated pure metal zinc target and aluminum target separated by 40-80 mm, basic vacuum lower than 1.0x10 Pa in the sputtering room, sputtering gas of argon, reacted gas of oxygen, gas pressure of 0.5-3 Pa in the sputtering room, argon-to-oxygen flow rate ratio of 4-10, and substrate temperature of 100-300 deg.c. The present invention has low cost, easy target making, capacity of filming in great area, high film quality and other advantages.


This study is a throw considering the many pests that transmit diseases to humans or animals, whether pests, insects or animals such as flies, mites, etc. and study strategy for control these pests with the recommendations of modern trends in the controlling against these pests, according to the World Health Or ganization.


The p-toluenesulfonate of 7,8-dihydro-5(6H)quinoloneoxime(3) was subjected of a Beckmann rearrangement. The resulting 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,2-b]azepin-2-one (4) was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride affording 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,2-b] azepine (5). 5,6-l)ihydro-8(7H)quinolone (7), obtained by oxidation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-quinolinol (6), was converted into the p-toluenesulfonate of 5,6-dihydro-8(7H)quinolone oxitne (9). Similarly the latter compound could be rearranged into 2,3,4,5-letrahydro-1H-pyrido [2,3-b] azepin-2-one (10) which on reduction produced 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido [2,3-b] azepine (11).


The concept of agonism has been evaluated extensively for ligands that bind to receptors coupled to G proteins, with the classification of ligands into inverse, partial, or full agonists, or neutral antagonists, most often performed using effectors or effector-driven phenomena as endpoints. Many


In the realm of deep learning, transformers have emerged as a dominant architecture, particularly in natural language processing tasks. However, with their widespread adoption, concerns regarding the security and privacy of the data processed by these models have arisen. In this paper, we address a pivotal question: Can the data fed into transformers be recovered using their attention weights and outputs? We introduce a theoretical framework to tackle this problem. Specifically, we present an algorithm that aims to recover the input data $X \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times n}$ from given attention weights $W = QK^\top \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times d}$ and output $B \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ by minimizing the loss function $L(X)$. This loss function captures the discrepancy between the expected output and the actual output of the transformer. Our findings have significant implications for the Localized Layer-wise Mechanism (LLM), suggesting potential vulnerabilities in the model's design from a security and privacy perspective. This work underscores the importance of understanding and safeguarding the internal workings of transformers to ensure the confidentiality of processed data.


The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher's role in teaching children who have symptoms of hyperactive behavior in group B TK Gajah Mada College Foundation, Medan Timur. The method in this study was qualitative using observation, observation and interview methods which consisted of two focuses, namely the role of the teacher and the behavioral symptoms of hyperactive children. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation and then analyzed using interactive analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there were three children who tended to show signs of hyperactive behavior and the teacher performed his role as an educator by getting closer to the child so that the teacher could understand the child's personality and behavior. As an educator guiding and fostering children's behavior by providing reinforcement and punishment to children. Furthermore, as an educator fostering children's character by providing training, improvement and feedback. As a facilitator by providing tools, media, and games needed by children to increase interest in learning and children's needs. The teacher conveys media presentations through stories and dialogues. As a dynamist by creating a conducive learning atmosphere and environment so that children feel comfortable and safe during the learning process. So to create a comfortable classroom atmosphere, as a dynamic teacher, the teacher creates classrooms and a good school environment for children's growth.


Data from two honey bee population brood-rearing studies suggest that a stable populational colony investment sex ratio exists for the honey bee. As a consequence of the fissioning mode of colony reproduction, this investment ratio is best expressed in terms of the average population production of reproductive male (drone) biomass and the biomass of sterile workers. A tentative model for a populational investment sex ratio based on Fisher's (1930) sex ratio hypothesis is presented in terms of colony seasonal drone and worker brood production and suggests a ratio for both populations tending toward 1:1. Colonies that produced no reproductive females during an annual season produced an average of 18,969 ± 7,267 (± SD, n = 7 colonies) males per colony for the first study and 22,560 ± 8,280 (n = 13 colonies) for the other. Three colonies from the second study did produce reproductive females and underwent colony fission. These colonies produced an average of 20,856 ± 4,241 males before fissioning occurred. One orphaned colony produced 6,161 males before it died.


MacWhinney, Bates, and colleagues developed the Competition Model in the 1980s as an alternate to Chomskyan models that encapsulate syntax as a special-purpose module. The Competition Model adopted the functional perspective that language serves communicative goals and functions. In contrast to the premise that knowledge of language is innate, the Competition model asserts that language is learned and processed through general cognitive mechanisms that identify and weight phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic cues in the language experiences of the learner. These weighted cues guide the language user in the comprehension and production of language forms. The present article provides background on the Competition Model, describes machine simulations of linguistic competition, and extends the principles of the Competition Model to new machine models and applications through deep learning networks.


Childhood obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in both developed and developing countries. Reduced physical activity and increased energy intake both have major contribution to the establishment of childhood obesity. Psychological and social problems, increased plasma insulin, elevated blood lipid, lipoproteins and blood pressure are the various factors known to be associated with childhood obesity. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the energy balance, psychosocial problems and biochemical profile of selected obese children. Time utilization pattern of obese boys and girls (n=64) was studied to assess their physical activity and energy expenditure levels. The energy balance was calculated by finding the difference in the energy intake and energy expenditure of the children. Psychosocial and behavioural adjustment problems faced by obese children at school and home were studied for both the boys and girls. Biochemical parameters namely blood glucose, haemoglobin and lipid profile which included total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol were determined using standard procedures. Both boys and girls exhibited a positive energy balance which was higher in obese boys than in obese girls. The mean total cholesterol level of obese boys (158.3 mg/dl) was within the normal range but in the case of obese girls the level (178.7 mg/dl) was found to be slightly higher than the normal. Overweight and obese children are likely to develop lifestyle diseases like diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age which are largely preventable. Strategies aimed at reducing caloric intake and increasing caloric expenditure through regular exercise are necessary to meet the challenges.


This paper presents a review of the processes involved in the development of the theory of mind in children through an intersubjective approach. More specifically, the development of the theory of mind was examined in the context of the child-caregiver attachment. For this purpose, studies examining the links between various theory of mind variables (e.g.: joint attention, symbolic play, language skills) and parent-child interaction variables (e.g.: maternal sensitivity, reflective functioning) were reviewed. In summary, variables pertaining to the parent-child relationship, reflective functioning and maternal sensitivity in particular, are argued to be the key determinants of a child's affect regulation and self organization.


A new software code for computing selected eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix is described. The eigenvalues are either the smallest or those closest to some specied target, which may be in the interior of the spectrum. The underlying algorithm combines the Jacobi{Davidson method with ecient multilevel incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioning. Key features are modest memory requirements and robust convergence to accurate solutions. Parameters needed for incomplete LU preconditioning are automatically computed and may be updated at run time depending on the convergence pattern. The software is easy to use by non-experts and its top level routines are written in FORTRAN 77. Its potentialities are demonstrated on a few applications taken from computational physics. Program summary


Improving and maintaining quality patient care through the development and implementation of clinical protocols is an important facet in our health care system. Identifying the need for clinical protocols, developing and maintaining the protocols, and defining the specific role of pediatric nephrology nurses in this process is presented herein. To illustrate the process we have included two examples of current clinical protocols utilized by our division.


We show that changes in the magnetospheric ring current and auroral currents during the magnetic storms of March 2015 and June 2015, are recorded in several specific ways by ground magnetometers. The ring current changes are detected in geomagnetic field measurements of ground stations at magnetic mid-latitudes from -50 to +50 degrees. The auroral currents changes are detected at high magnetic latitudes from 50 to about 73 degrees. Finally, for stations between 73 and about 85 degrees the measurements of the ground magnetometers seem to be directly correlated with the convection electric field VB South of the solar wind. Using the correlations among magnetic fields measured at stations ordered by latitude, a correlation diagram is obtained where the maximum correlation values for fields determined by the ring current form a distinct block. High-latitude magnetic fields from stations at higher latitudes, which are mainly determined by auroral currents, form a different block in the same diagram. This is in agreement with our earlier work using wavelet transforms on ground magnetic-field time series, where mid-latitude fields stations that are influenced mainly by the ring current, give a critical exponent greater than 2 while higher-latitude fields show a more complex dependence with two exponents. The maximum correlation values for mid-latitude fields correlated with the SYM-H index vary from 0.8 to 0.9, and, thus, we infer that those geomagnetic disturbances are mainly due to the ring current. The maximum correlations between the same fields and the solar wind VB South vary from 0.5 to 0.7. Fields at magnetic latitudes between 50 and 73 degrees exhibit greater correlation values for the AL index rather than the SYM-H index. This is expected since in the auroral zone, the convectionand substorm-associated auroral electrojets contribute significantly to the deviation of the geomagnetic field from its quiet-time value. In this case, maximum correlations vary between 0.6 and 0.7 for auroral latitude stations when compared with AL, as opposed to 0.4–0.5 when compared with SYM-H. Our results show how different measures of ground geomagnetic variations reflect the time evolution of several magnetospheric current systems and of the solar wind – magnetosphere coupling.


ABSTRACT Finke wants to counterbalance what he regards as radical one-sidedness in person-centered therapy theory by promoting the need for diagnoses, interpretations, and techniques. And he tries to show that this is (at least implicitly) already implicated in Rogers' own theory. In my rejoinder I try to show that Finke's approach rests on an image of the human being, on an understanding of empathy and encounter different from Rogers', which is, in fact, a step back to a theory before the Rogerian paradigm change.


A new Data Model based on a set theoretic approach is proposed here; it is intended to fit the statisticians requirements by giving them the ability to describe data in terms of classes of objects which are ordered according to users needs. Classes are identified by the handle which is a set of attributes; they are gathered in collections.Based on that Model a Statistical Data Manipulation Language (SDML) is presented to provide tools for Statistical Manipulations on Collections. Basic classes of operations are Retrieve, partition, internal or inter-object arithmetical operations and join of collections. The SDML has been designed to be concise, user-friendly and extensible.


Abstract Several observational and theoretical studies suggest that the initial mass function (IMF) slope for massive stars in globular clusters (GCs) depends on the initial cloud density and metallicity, such that the IMF becomes increasingly top-heavy with decreasing metallicity and increasing the gas density of the forming object. Using N-body simulations of GCs starting with a top-heavy IMF and undergo early gas expulsion within a Milky Way-like potential, we show how such a cluster would evolve. By varying the degree of top-heaviness, we calculate the dissolution time and the minimum cluster mass needed for the cluster to survive after 12 Gyr of evolution.


Evolutionary research on the biological fitness of groups has recently given a prominent value to the role that prosocial behaviors play in favoring a successful adaptation to ecological niches. Such a focus marks a paradigm shift. Early views of evolution relied on the notion of natural selection as a largely competitive mechanism for the achievement of the highest amount of resources. Today, evolutionists from different schools think that collaborative attitudes are an irremovable ingredient of biological change over time. As a consequence, a number of researchers have been attracted by evolutionary studies of human behaviors. Some think that a continuity among prosocial attitudes of human beings and other social mammals (particularly primates) can be detected, and that this fact has relevance for accounting for human morality. Others deny one or the other of these claims, or both. The papers in the present special issue address how these topics impact ethics and religion.


Wound healing remains as a dynamic process and the type of dressing material significantly affects the efficacy of healing. The identification of ideal dressings to use for a particular wound type is an important requisite facilitating the entire process of healing. Chronic, high exudate wounds are dynamic in presentation and remain as a major health care burden. Researchers have sort to design and optimize biodegradable wound dressings that focuses to optimize moisture retentiveness, as superior character in the healing process. In addition, dressings have been designed to visualize the wound bed by improving the optical property, target and kill infection-causing bacteria, with the incorporation of antimicrobial agents, nanomaterials and numerous other measures. For the practitioners, choosing the optimal dressing decreases time to healing, provides cost-effective care and improves patient quality of life. The current mini review highlights the ideal characters of wound dressing materials and presents insights on the superior characters of carrageenan bio composites for prospective advancements in research in the area of wound care and management.


In this paper, we present a matrix computation processor based on an on-chip optical linear neural network. This processor can solves different matrix equations, showing possibility of usage in the field of optical artificial intelligence. We present a matrix computation processor based on an on-chip optical linear neural network, which solves different matrix equations by self-learning technology.


The architecture, engineering and construction sector is fragmented, and its computer-aided design systems suffer data loss and errors in workflow between design and realisation. An open source, integrated, modular format is proposed to address the technological nature of these problems. Accordingly, this research updates the notion of the modular format as a more flexible and intelligible computational design method by leveraging knowledge from the computer science and manufacturing sectors where the design and realisation process is intentional and explicit. The research design of this article comprises a theoretical approach combined with an empirical case study. Principles of modularity are extracted from the computer science and manufacturing sectors to assist with a better definition of architecture, engineering and construction computer-aided design processes that use materials and resources more efficiently and sustainably. The methodology of the modular format contributes to the emerging concept of a building lifecycle management system for the architecture, engineering and construction sector.


Objectve:To study the effect of Hovenia Dulcis Thunb extract on carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4)induced experimental hepatic in rats.Method:CCl 4 was used to induce liver fibrosis in Wisar Rats.Their tissues were taken for detection undere microscope and electron microscope.Result:in model group,hepatic cells degenerated and necrosed,inflammatory cell infiltrated,pseudolobular came into being.Mitochondria swelled and its cristedis disappeared,and endoplasmic reticulum dilatated.In prevented group,hepatic cells degeneration and necrosis was in slight extent,mitochondria membrane and cristedis resumed,dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum decreased and faciliated the regeneration of the hepatocyte,retard the forming of liver fibrosis.Conclusion:Hovenia Dulcis Thunb can definitely prevent liver fibrosis,and the better concentration would be 15%.The possible mechanism is to reduce hepatotoxic respones,anti-peroxidation of lipid,and stabilization of cell membrane.


Guyana is among the countries committed to achieving the sustainable development goals. This research assessed the patterns of change in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) in Guyana. Four nationally representative surveys conducted from 2009 to 2019 were assessed. Temporal trends in RMNCH indicators were assessed at the national level, by place of residence, and by wealth index. The slope index and concentration index of inequality were calculated to assess trends in inequalities over time. The average absolute annual change (AAAC) of the indicators was calculated using a weighted variance regression. From 2006 to 2019, we observed an increase in the coverage of institutional delivery (from 82.6% to 97.7%), and exclusive breastfeeding (from 21.4% to 31.0%), among others. Likewise, antenatal care with four or more visits increased from 77.4% in 2009 to 84.7% in 2019. The opposite was observed for coverage of current contraceptive use (modern methods) (from 32.7% to 28.2%), family planning needed satisfied (from 49.6% to 43.8%), tetanus toxoid in pregnancy (from 31.7% to 8.2%) and full vaccination coverage (from 82.0% to 63.4%). Under-five stunting prevalence decreased from 18.0% to 9.2% and the under-five mortality rate from 40.4 to 29.3 per 1,000 live births. The gap between the poorest and richest women tended to decrease for seven out of the 16 intervention indicators, as well as for under-five stunting prevalence and under-five mortality rate. Institutional delivery was the best performer in increasing coverage and decreasing inequality over time, while immunization with measles was the worst performer. Guyana has made great progress in improving its RMNCH indicators. However, the observed decline in the coverage of several RMNCH indicators can be seen as a warning sign to redouble efforts to achieve sustainable development goals, SDGs 1 and 2, by 2030 and to reduce inequalities by lagging no one behind.


D. O'Dell, N.S. Eash, J.N. Oetting, and J. Logan, Dep. of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Univ. of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (UTIA), 2506 E.J. Chapman Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996; J.A. Zahn, DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products, LLC, 198 Blair Bend Dr., Loudon, TN 37774; B.B. Hicks, MetCorps, P.O. Box 1510, Norris, TN 37828; T.J. Sauer, National Lab. for Agriculture and the Environment, USDA, 2110 University Blvd., Ames, IA 50011; D.M. Lambert, Dep. of Agricultural Economics, Oklahoma State Univ., 411 Agricultural Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078; and J.J. Goddard, Univ. of Tennessee Extension, 100 River Rd. #112, Loudon, TN 37774.


Social anxiety disorder is characterized by strong and persistent fear of social situations, impairing the daily life of affected people. The objective of the present work was to identify empirical studies involving instruments that assess the functional impairment experienced by persons with social anxiety disorder in the execution of daily activities and to analyze the implications of such difficulties. A systematic search of indexed databases was performed. Ten articles were identified and assigned to two groups: a) papers dealing with the proposal of instruments for the evaluation and analysis of psychometric qualities (n = 4); and b) papers dealing with the impact of social anxiety disorder on the quality of life and on daily activities (n = 6). The psychometric studies emphasized the little attention paid to instruments validated in order to specifically evaluate functional impairment, and the papers dealing with the impact on quality of life and on daily activities detected the presence of dissatisfaction with life and health in patients with social anxiety disorder. Analysis of the literature stressed the importance of evaluating the functional impairment caused by social anxiety disorder in daily functioning using objective measurements. The relevance of such evaluations for planning and interventions focusing on social anxiety disorder in the context of multidisciplinary mental health practice is highlighted.


For some young Australians engagement in traditional schooling is untenable, due to complex social, emotional and intellectual needs and past experiences of failure and exclusion. A system of nontraditional, flexible schooling in Queensland is providing an alternative. In this setting, educators may include registered teachers, educational support workers, youth workers, social workers and a range of other workers. Educational provision that meets the complex needs of young people, who participate in nontraditional flexible schooling, requires research on the ways of being an educator; research that is not commonly associated with traditional schooling. This chapter outlines a research proposal. It situates educators in nontraditional schooling sites within a discussion context that explores current literature, proposes research questions, delineates a possible research methodology consistent with a sociocultural theoretical lens and considers potential tools of data analysis. Possible implications of this kind of research for understanding educator professional identity and development in this context will be considered. Features of nontraditional flexible schooling Nontraditional flexible schooling offers education for some of those young people who experience multiple disadvantage (Aron, 2003; McGinty & Brader, 2005) and who cannot, for a range of complex social, emotional and intellectual needs and past experiences of failure and exclusion, engage in traditional schooling. Currently, nontraditional education provision, also referred to as alternative education programs has not acquired a nationally or internationally recognised terminology (de Jong & Griffiths, 2006) and the research literature is not extensive. Within the literature from countries such as the USA, New Zealand and Australia, which have a western conception of schooling, a number of common features of nontraditional flexible schooling have been identified. Although specific names of features have varied, they include notions listed in Table 1. Terminology for Disenfranchised Young People Insofar as education has been understood as a right for all children (Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989), western societies have made inadequate provision to include those excluded from mainstream education for a variety of complex reasons. The term disenfranchised young people will be used in the proposed study to highlight the definition of to "disenfranchise", which is to "deprive (a person) of rights as a citizen or of a franchise held" (Oxford English Reference Dictionary, 2002, p.406) Disenfranchising of young people has acknowledged that there are "structures, processes and actions that are major contributors to exclusion" (Saunders, Naidoo & Griffiths, 2007, p. 2). Table 1: Common Features of Nontraditional Flexible Schooling Common Features Sources An holistic approach to education catering to the young person's social, emotional and intellectual needs de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien, Thesing & Herbert, 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 2000. A student centred approach to learning Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. A safe and supportive learning environment Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 2000. Family/carer involvement Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. Community linkages Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. Interagency collaboration de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 2000. Flexible delivery of curriculum de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999. A strong emphasis on positive relationships rather than punitive behaviour management Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. Proactive rather than reactive responses to young people de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; O'Brien et al., 2001. Small class sizes Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. Encouragement of active participation and responsibility of young people for their learning Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; O'Brien et al., 2001. High quality staff including those from non-teaching backgrounds Aron, 2003; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999. Presence of mentors de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien et al., 2001; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. Lifeskills education Aron, 2003; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; Tobin & Sprague, 1999, 2000. Transition to employment Aron, 2003; de Jong, 2005; de Jong & Griffiths, 2006; DEETYA, 2001; Lange & Sletten, 2002; O'Brien et al., 2001. The terminology used in the literature for young people who experience multiple disadvantage, also has been as problematic as the language of nontraditional schooling. No concise definition of 'disengaged youth' is articulated in the literature (McGinty & Brader, 2005). Terms commonly used to describe such young people include at-risk youth; disaffected youth; disadvantaged youth; disenfranchised youth; NEET (Not Engaged in Education, Employment or Training) and marginalised youth (Aron, 2003; Brader, 2004; McGinty & Brader, 2005; te Riele, 2007). Nontraditional schooling as an expression of inclusive education Inclusive education is a significant international educational movement, highlighted through the 1994 Salamanca Statement (UNESCO, 1994) and more recently by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). Principles of inclusive education are increasingly influencing educational policies both nationally and internationally (Armstrong, 2006; Education Queensland, 2005; te Riele, 2006; UNESCO, 2000). Inclusive education is not only for those with physical or intellectual disabilities (Heath, McLean-Heywood, Rousseau, Petrakos, Finn & Karagiannakis, 2006; UNESCO, 2000). Australian legislation around inclusive education through the Disabilities Discrimination Act (1992) has required mandatory provision "for the range of 'disabilities' that impede young people's engagement in education and other community activities....[including] challenging behaviours such as mental health and learning difficulties"(de Jong & Griffiths, 2006, p.30). Although the term 'alternative' seems inconsistent with the idea of inclusive education (de Jong & Griffiths, 2006), nontraditional schooling or alternative education programs offer educational inclusion for some young people "who are unlikely or unable to access mainstream education programs for a number of reasons and often as a result of a combination of factors" (de Jong & Griffiths, 2006, p. 30). Risk factors for young people are complex and in a review of international literature, Brader and McGinty (2005) identified common risk factors linked to family, school and community, not just education, training, and employment. Exploring the Nature of Professional Identity and Development In a general sense, how professionals perceive themselves as professionals and the factors that influence this perception, is referred to as professional identity (Beijaard, Verloop, & Vermunt, 2000). There are many facets to understand in relation to professional identity and the construct is not defined or understood consistently in the literature (Sachs, 2001). Within this research proposal, professional identity is understood from a sociocultural perspective taking into account the social, cultural and historical aspects of identity formation. Identity formation is ongoing as identity is not a fixed construct (Sachs, 2001). It is constantly negotiated in relationship with others (Gee, 2001; Wenger, 1998). Through the narratives of 'being' that people communicate (Sfard & Prusak, 2005, p. 16), and through their engagement with 'Discourses', which capture and convey the meaning attributed to social practices (Gee, 1992, p. 20), people are recognised as a certain 'kind of person' (Gee, 2001, p. 99). Identity formation is therefore not passive. Human beings exercise agency, or the ability to act on the world around them (Lasky, 2005), as they negotiate and form their social and individual identities (Sfard & Prusak, 2005). In this research proposal, professional identity is understood in terms of how it is formed in relationship with others and how it is enacted through individual agency and engagement with discourses. The social, cultural and historical aspects of identity formation will be taken into account and therefore this approach to professional identity could be described as sociocultural, in keeping with the sociocultural theoretical paradigm being adopted throughout the research project. Wenger's perspective that professional identity is clearly linked to practice (1998, p. 149) highlights his notion of 'communities of practice' as "groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise in this area by interacting on an ongoing basis" (Wenger, McDermott, & Snyder, 2002, p. 4). According to Wenger, "the experience of identity in practice is a way of being [my emphasis] in the world" (1998, p. 151). In this research proposal I am influenced by Wenger's ideas that professional identity and practice are intrinsically connected, and am therefore interested in the professional development or learning that occurs within a particular community of practice (Wenger et al., 2002). Wenger et al. (2002) contend that "communities of practice create value by con


Communities of microorganisms that form biofilms on the rocky shores of the Middle Caspian are capable of maintaining the integrity of the coastal landscape in the conditions of sea retreat associated with the ongoing drop in sea level since 1995. Algal-bacterial biofilms developing on rocky substrates of the East Caspian coast within the City of Aktau were studied in autumn (October 2022) and spring (April 2023) seasons. Communities in biotopes with different structure were investigated. It has been established that the most stable and diverse communities with a pronounced vertical structure live in the areas with high sheer cliffs on capes. On flat areas of the coast, which have undergone recent shallowing and are protected from surfing waves by ridges of large stones, less diverse cenoses, demonstrating clear spatial organization. In the shallow open areas of the shore, which are subject to intense wave action, live communities of two types were observed. Both cenoses contained a relatively small number of species, but differed in structure and potential for protecting the coast from erosion. The first of them live in biotopes outside the impact of urban domestic sewage, and are able to protect coastal marl from destruction due to the development of stable, rapidly regenerating complex structural elements. The latter were noted in the conditions of along-shore spreading of untreated domestic wastewater from new city developments located close to the coast. Such biofilms were no longer able to protect marls from being destroyed by waves, and took the form of constantly renewed patches with minimum diversity of components and unstable spatial organization.


Background/Aim: Nowadays, people have an insatiable desire for white and beautiful teeth. The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of experimental toothpaste containing ozonated olive oil commercial whitening toothpaste and ozone-free olive oil toothpaste, on color change and enamel microhardness. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, 48 bovine incisors were mounted in an acrylic resin. After the immersion of samples in tea solution, each sample was subjected to the Vickers microhardness test and colorimetry (T1). The samples were then randomly assigned to four groups (n=12) and brushed twice a day for two min with an electric toothbrush with toothpaste specific to each group; Group 1: commercial whitening toothpaste (positive control), Group 2: Experimental toothpaste containing ozone-free olive oil , Group 3: Experimental 10 mg/ml ozonated olive oil toothpaste, Group 4: Experimental toothpaste containing ozonated olive oil with an ozone concentration of 15 mg/ml. Surface microhardness measurements and color evaluation were repeated after two (T2) and four weeks (T3). Data were analyzed by, repeated measures analysis of variance, Friedman, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis. Results: The highest mean of color change (DE) was related to toothpaste containing 15 mg/ml ozonated olive oil, and the lowest mean pertained to toothpaste containing ozone-free olive oil (P=0/019). In these four groups, the amount of microhardness increased after the end of the study (P=0.001); nonetheless, these changes were not significant. Conclusions: The addition of ozone to toothpaste in a specific concentration results in teeth whitening; however, it does not significantly affect enamel microhardness.


Objective:This is to study the emergency management,the causes and the prevention of perioperative cardiac arrest of rheumatic valvular disease.Method:Valve replacement of 437 cases and closed mitral valvotomy of 500 cases were performed for 937 patients from 1975 to 2001.Cardiac arrest occurred in 30 patients.Result:28 cases were successfully reactivated,7 cases were death of brain damage and (or)renal failure and 2 cases were no reactivation.The mortality rate was 30%(9/30).Conclusion:Analyses of the common causes of cardiac arrest is closely related to the severity of the disease,improper induction of anesthesia,hypokalemia and unexpected surgical trauma.the key of the success of resuscitation are immediate institution of sustained and effective cardiac massage,discharging causes of cardiac arrest and proper treatment following resuscitation. [


. This work concerns the study of persistence property in polynomial weighted spaces for solutions of the generalized fractional KdV equation in any spatial dimension d ≥ 1. By establishing well-posedness results in conjunction with some asymptotic at infinity unique continuation principles, it is verified that dispersive effects and dimensionality mainly determine the maximum spatial decay allowed by solutions of this model. In particular, we recover and extend some known results on weighted spaces for different models such as the Benjamin-Ono equation, and the dispersion generalized Benjamin-Ono equation. The estimates obtained for the linear equation seem to be of independent interest, and they are useful to obtain persistence properties in weighted spaces for models with different nonlinearities as the fractional KdV equation with combined nonlinearities.


Our survey of data collected in the Chromosome Number Database for Polish angiosperms indicated that the 1,498 species with chromosome counts represent 40% of the total angiosperms (3,719) occurring in Poland, including 1,205 native species (53% of native species) and 194 anthropophytes (56% of anthropophytes). The chromosome numbers are known for all native species occurring in Poland within 298 genera and 46 families, and for all anthropophytes from 79 genera and 11 families. The remaining angiosperm groups are less explored: chromosome counts from Poland are known for 9% of cultivated species and 5% of ephemerophytes. According to generic basic chromosome numbers, 46.44% of Polish angiosperms have been classified as polyploid. By three different threshold methods, the contribution of polyploid plants to the Polish flora is 64.64%, 50.89% or 42.89%. Polyploidy is more common among indigenous than non-indigenous plants, and the ploidy distribution among plants from the Polish Tatras does not differ significantly from that observed in the rest of native Polish plants.


While many people still believe in the traditional distinction between the public and private law and refuse to recognize the punitive damages,the German legal practice has already deviated from the principle quietly.The author endeavors to review a series of the decisions of the German Supreme Court and to reveal the fact that the Court has already introduced the punitive damages in the course of the cases with regard to personal right.The most important emotional features of the punitive damages should be detected in those court rulings.The Trace of those features could also be found out in the domestic damage of mental injury,which is necessarily supposed to be both compensatory and punitive.


Calls have been made for novel ways of thinking about engineering education research. Building on an earlier qualitative inquiry, this work in progress study examined the number and nature of factors underlying the constructs of futures, values, systems, and strategic thinking within the context of interdisciplinary engineering education research. Exploratory factor analysis of survey data ( n =111) supported a correlated two factor structure for futures and strategic thinking, one factor for systems thinking, and a two to three factor structure for values thinking. The study has implications for researchers to better understand the multidimensional, correlated nature of various ways of thinking.


In the work there are given the results of experimental studies for the first time carried out in the conditions of the vegetal experience with the use of petroleum sludge from the buffer ponds of joint stock company «Gazpromneft ONPZ».


We construct infinite class field towers of global function fields with asymptotically many rational places. In this way, we improve on asymptotic bounds of Serre, Perret, Schoof, and Xing. The results can be interpreted equivalently as asymptotic bounds on the number of rational points of smooth algebraic curves over finite fields. As an application, we show an improvement on the Gilbert‐Varshamov bound for linear codes over finite fields of a sufficiently large composite nonsquare order.


Retromobilization of the nonconjugative (Tra−Mob+) IncQ vector, pMOL155, and the non-mobilizable (Tra−Mob−) vector, pMOL149, by means of the IncP plasmids RP4 and pULB113 (RP4::Mu3A), was studied in plate matings and in soil microcosms, and compared with direct and triparental mobilization. Both vectors harbour the czc genes, originating from Alcaligenes eutrophus, which code for resistance to Co, Zn, and Cd. The donor of the czc genes was Escherichia coli which did not express these genes. The recipient, Alcaligenes eutrophus, expressed the czc genes very well. Retromobilization, direct and triparental mobilization of pMOL155 was observed in sterile soil. Both the addition of nutrients and heavy metals significantly enhanced the number of (retro)transconjugants. Retromobilization was also detected in nutrient amended nonsterile soil, but the presence of the autochthonous soil biota strongly reduced the number of retrotransconjugants and also prevented their increase upon application of heavy metals to the soil. Retromobilization of the czc genes, cloned in pMOL149, by using pULB113 was also observed, yet only in sterile, nutrient amended, heavy metal polluted soil.


A lectin with high hemagglutination activity was identified in the plasma of both male and female adult Schistocerca gregaria. The activity of the plasma lectin towards rabbit erythrocytes is efficiently inhibited by galactosides containing α1→6-linkage and by α-m-, and α-p-nitrophenyl-D-galactopyranosides. The lectin was isolated by affinity chromatography using α-methyl-D-galactose-Sepharose 6B column, and eluted by 0.3 M raffinose solution in Tris buffer saline/Ca-Mg (TBS/Ca-Mg). Electrophoretic separation by reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE revealed that the lectins of both male and female are represented by one band with a molecular weight of ~ 80 KDa. The native lectin separated by non-denaturing PAGE lies in the high molecular weight range; indicating that it is formed of multiple subunits of ~ 80 KDa each. The lectin activity of both isolated and crude plasma forms are heat labile, and Ca-Mg dependent. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (60-amino acid residues) of the isolated lectin of Sc. gregaria revealed 63% identity with lectin precursor of the black locust Robinia pseudoacacia. Also, it has significant homology to some of the known vertebrate proteins sequenced to date; from which are the "human heparin-binding growth factor 1 receptor" with 100% identity, and the "insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor" with 42% identity.


Studies on the bivalve family Sphaeriidae in North Africa are very limited at the surface water level, but even more for caves. During an expedition in 2019 to the Ait M'hamed cave (Oum Er Rabia Basin), six specimens of the genus Pisidium were collected. Morphometric and genetic analyses showed that these individuals belong to the species Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855. This work is the first step towards future exploration of cave Sphaeriidae in North Africa.


Objective
To investigate the status quo of nutritional risks, malnutrition and nutritional support of inpatients with neoplasms and to provide a theoretical basis for making targeted clinic nutritional support standards and training programs.

Methods
Totally 421 patients with neoplasms who were admitted in Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between October 2015 and April 2016 were selected as respondents by cross-sectional survey and convenience sampling, and investigated with self-made nutritional support questionnaires based on Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and China's real nursing practice.

Results
The incidence of malnutrition of the 421 patients was 44.2%, and the incidence of nutritional risks was 68.6%. The incidence of nutritional risks of patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms was higher than that of those patients with other neoplasms (χ2=24.541, 4.405; P<0.05) ; 92.6% of patients received nutritional support, 76.2% of which received parenteral nutrition and 14.5% received enteral nutrition; the incidence of gastrointestinal complications among those patients who received enteral nutrition was up to 30.2%, and the incidence of mechanical complications among those patients who received parenteral nutrition was up to 13.4%; the nursing achievement rates of the patients who received enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition were 41.8% and 61.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
Inpatients with neoplasms show high incidence of nutritional risks and malnutrition. Therefore, healthcare workers should standardize the nutritional risk management for inpatients with neoplasms and strengthen the nutrition nursing training and quality control for nurses so as to reduce nutritional support-related complications among inpatients with neoplasms and accelerate their recovery.

Key words:
Questionnaire; Neoplasms; Malnutrition; Nutritional support; Nutritional risk screening


Eleusine indica, commonly known as goosegrass, is an annual noxious grassy weed which has a wide tolerance to environmental stresses. In Malaysia, infestation of goosegrass at immature oil palm and rubber plantations, orchards and vegetable fields has caused a significant loss in crop yields. Currently, this weed species has developed resistance to four groups of herbicides including glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat or/and fluazifop. This study aimed to determine efficacy of MSMA based premix herbicides on control of the resistant biotypes of mature goosegrass (RG). Under greenhouse conditions, MSMA + diuron at 3000 + 600 g a.i. per hectare and MSMA + diuron + glufosinate at 1350 + 260 + 330 g a.i. per hectare provided 80 per cent to 95 per cent growth inhibition on the RG plants. Glufosinate gave less than 40 per cent inhibition of growth whereas glyphosate and fluazifop at their respective recommended rates exhibited 125 per cent to 135 per cent growth stimulation on the RG plants four weeks after treatment (WAT). Under field conditions, both MSMA based premix herbicides gave complete control of the RG plants after two WAT. In contrast, partial scorching was observed on the RG plants at one WAT with glufosinate, glyphosate and fluazifop treatment, respectively, and the RG plants started to regrow at two WAT. These results suggest that MSMA plus diuron with or without glufosinate could provide excellent control of gooosegrass that evolved resistance across glyphosate, glufosinate and fluazifop. Keywords: Herbicide mixture, diuron, MSMA, multiple resistance.


An apparatus for tuning a laser comprises an external cavity (2) for receiving a laser beam (4), the laser beam (4) traveling through material along a path (4) between a cavity end element (6) and a tuning element (8), the path (4) having an optical path length. A dispersion element (10) is intro duced in the path (4) of the laser for Selecting at least one mode of the laser, and a changing element is provided for changing the optical path length of the path (4). The chang ing element comprises a liquid crystal (32, 42) in at least a part of the path (4), the liquid crystal (32,42) being sensitive in a characteristic property. The changing element is adapted for changing the characteristic property of the liquid crystal (32,42) in a way which influences the optical path length of the path (4) to stabilize a mode of the laser.


Cloud computing is one of the hot issues in recent years both in theory and practice. Patent information is considered an important mean of investigating the technological development. To assess the technological development of Chinese cloud applications, the patent information of cloud applications are searched from Shanghai Intellectual Property Information Platform and the technovation of Chinese cloud applications are analyzed by patent types, annual trend, main patentees/inventors, IPC distribution and technological life cycle, etc. The results of this study indicated that the patent number of cloud applications increased rapidly in recent years, nearly 90% of the patents were invention patents, most of the patents concentrated in the IPC of H04L29, G06F9 and G05B19, the domestic applicants such as INSPUR, HUAWEI and ZTE, would be challenged by the applicants from United States, South Korea and Japan.


Abstract Aqueous dispersions of colloidal aggregates of liquid-crystalline lipid-water phases are described. The lamellar liquid-crystalline phase can form liposomal dispersions, which are wellknown from extensive studies of these particles in drug delivery. Less is known about dispersions of cubic and hexagonal phases. The preparation of such colloidal dispersions, their structure and physical properties are summerised. The dispersed cubic phase is compared to liposomal dispersions, and it is concluded that an important application of the cubic particles will involve encapsulation of proteins and protection of their native conformation.


In this paper, it is mathematically demonstrated that classical yield and failure criteria such as Tresca, von Mises, Drucker–Prager, Mohr–Coulomb, Matsuoka–Nakai and Lade–Duncan are all defined by the same equation. This can be seen as one of the three solutions of a cubic equation of the principal stresses and suggests that all such criteria belong to a more general class of non-convex formulations which also comprises a recent generalization of the Galileo–Rankine criterion. The derived equation is always convex and can also provide a smooth approximation of continuity of at least class C2 of the original Tresca and Mohr–Coulomb criteria. It is therefore free from all the limitations which restrain the use of some of them in numerical analyses. The mathematical structure of the presented equation is based on a separate definition of the meridional and deviatoric sections of the graphical representation of the criteria. This enables the use of an efficient implicit integration algorithm which results in a very short machine runtime even when demanding boundary value problems are analysed.


Cellulases are the enzymes that hydrolyze cellulosic biomass and are produced by the microorganisms that grow over cellulosic matters. The objective of this research was to isolate and clone cellulase gene from cellulose-degrading bacteria of bovine rumen. Cellulose-degrading bacteria was isolated from rumen fluid using a selective medium. Total RNA was isolated from selected colony having cellulose degrading activity and was used as a template for cDNA construction using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The resulted cDNA was employed as a template for PCR amplification of cellulase gene using specific primers. The cellulase gene candidate obtained was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy vector followed by determination of its nucleotide sequence. The sequence was then aligned with sequences of cellulase genes from GenBank. Results showed that a number of isolates of rumen bacteria exhibit cellulase activity and the CR-8 isolate was selected for further analysis. The successful isolation of total RNA from CR-8 was indicated by the presence of two intense bands of ribosomal RNA (23S and 16S). The reverse transcription process was successful and the amplification of cellulase gene using the specific primers F1 and R1 resulted in a DNA fragment of 1900 bp as a candidate of cellulase gene. The fragment was successfully cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy vector, and the resulted recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into the E. coli cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that the cloned gene is cellulase gene and shares 99% homology with the endo-1,6-beta-glucanase of T. harzianum.


Tumor cell heterogeneity has been implicated in metastatic progression of solid tumors such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), leading to resistance and recurrence. We hypothesized that genes with low cell-to-cell transcriptional variability may be effective therapeutic targets, and that analysis of variability may facilitate identification of new metastatic regulators. Here we demonstrate, using single cell RNA sequencing, that the metastasis suppressor Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) reduced overall transcriptional variability in TNBC xenograft tumors. Focusing on genes with reduced variability in response to RKIP, we identified targetable gene sets such as oxidative phosphorylation and showed that metformin could inhibit RKIP-expressing but not control tumor growth. We also found many regulators of cancer progression including a novel epigenetic metastasis suppressor, KMT5C. These studies demonstrate that a metastatic regulator can alter transcriptional variability in tumors and reveal the importance of genes involved in heterogeneity as potential therapeutic targets and regulators of metastatic progression in cancer.


The major pathways for proton transport across the membrane of nucleated erythrocytes are the passive Jacobs–Stewart cycle and the secondarily active sodium–proton exchange. The relative importance of these two pathways in the control of red cell pH depends on the sodium–proton exchange rate and the rate of the slowest step of passive proton equilibration. In cyclostome red cells, which lack anion exchange, intracellular pH is controlled by the sodium-dependent acid–extrusion mechanism. In unstimulated teleost red cells, the Jacobs–Stewart cycle appears to be the most important pathway for the transport of protons across the membrane. Adrenergic stimulation activates sodium–proton exchange. Sodium–proton exchange is able to increase intracellular pH and decrease extracellular pH because the rate of proton transport via the Jacobs–Stewart cycle is limited by the uncatalysed extracellular dehydration of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide. The turnover rate of the adrenergically activated sodium–proton exchange...


A composition for treating wounds comprises fibroblasts which contain at least one foreign gene coding for a cytokine that promotes wound healing and at least another component that promotes wound healing.