It remains an open question whether long‐range disambiguation of ambiguous surface motion can be achieved in early visual cortex or instead in higher level regions, which concerns object/surface segmentation/integration mechanisms. We used a bistable moving stimulus that can be perceived as a pattern comprehending both visual hemi‐fields moving coherently downward or as two widely segregated nonoverlapping component objects (in each visual hemi‐field) moving separately inward. This paradigm requires long‐range integration across the vertical meridian leading to interhemispheric binding. Our fMRI study (n = 30) revealed a close relation between activity in hMT+ and perceptual switches involving interhemispheric segregation/integration of motion signals, crucially under nonlocal conditions where components do not overlap and belong to distinct hemispheres. Higher signal changes were found in hMT+ in response to spatially segregated component (incoherent) percepts than to pattern (coherent) percepts. This did not occur in early visual cortex, unlike apparent motion, which does not entail surface segmentation. We also identified a role for top–down mechanisms in state transitions. Deconvolution analysis of switch‐related changes revealed prefrontal, insula, and cingulate areas, with the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) being particularly involved. We observed that directed influences could emerge either from left or right hMT+ during bistable motion integration/segregation. SPL also exhibited significant directed functional connectivity with hMT+, during perceptual state maintenance (Granger causality analysis). Our results suggest that long‐range interhemispheric binding of ambiguous motion representations mainly reflect bottom–up processes from hMT+ during perceptual state maintenance. In contrast, state transitions maybe influenced by high‐level regions such as the SPL. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4882–4897, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


At first,the slope geological conditions as well as dam site geostress and deep fractures in the left bank of Jinping first stage hydropower station have been investigated. Then the evolvement and development of Jinping first stage hydropower station valley are simulated by using distinct element codes UDEC and 3DEC;and stress field,deformation and unloading zone distribution of valley are comprehensively analysed. Based on the simulation results and the deformation of present slope,it is considered that the deep fractures at elevation 1 700-1 850 m at the left bank of Jinping first stage hydropower station are the yield results due to valley erosion to elevation 1 830-1 730 m at the special geological structures,such as soft upside rock and hard underside rock,the dip direction of rock reverse against slope,wide upside and strait underside of valley and the high regional tectonic stress of Jinping first stage hydropower station valley. From the view of engineering geology,the effect of deep fractures at the left bank on the slope stability is different from tectonic faults,and its influence is limited and local. Be sure not to disturb rock masses under elevation 1 680 m is the best way to keep engineering slope safe and to prevent the deep fractures from developing.


"The twentieth century was marked, especially in its second part, by the rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union, a rivalry that prompted many analysts to devise theories about this seemingly perpetual bi-polar international system. Yet after 1989 these theories crumbled under the seemingly unexpected dissolution of one of the two poles of the system, and thus new theories emerged, trying to better explain what was happening. One such theory, the Social-Constructivist one, tried to argue that identities, ideas and the way in which these are constructed also play a pivotal role in international relations. In the pages below I will try to analyze what is emerging to be a similarly century-defining rivalry, the one between the United States and the People's Republic of China, through the 'lens' of Social-Constructivism, to find out if the theory laid out by Alexander Wendt almost three decades ago can still aptly explain the world of today.

Keywords: U.S. – China relations, Social-Constructivism, Discourses

"


The COVID – 19 pandemic been made bad impact all tourism sector. Travels agents need to be adapted to pandemic condition to survive in this current situation. The purpose of this research is to test the influence of marketing mix, quality of service on customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study took samples on the research population customers of PT. Mutiara Cemerlang Utama Bali who buys domestic and international flight tickets, makes hotel room reservations, tour package, India pilgrimage tours, assistant to make passport and visa extension. This research leads to descriptive and verificative research called explanatory research. The data was collected by interviewing and disseminating questionnaires by purposive sampling method processed using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool, the number of samples used by 120 samples. The results obtained in this study are that the marketing mix has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction, the quality of service has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction, but marketing mix and quality of service have a positive effect on customer loyalty. This is due to several factors that affect such as the price competition of travel agents. Customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.


We prove that twisted correction terms in Heegaard Floer homology provide lower bounds on the Thurston norm of certain cohomology classes determined by the strong concordance class of a <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">2</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>-component link <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S cubed">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:msup>
      <mml:mi>S</mml:mi>
      <mml:mn>3</mml:mn>
    </mml:msup>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S^3</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>. We then specialise this procedure to knots in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S squared times upper S Superscript 1">
  <mml:semantics>
    <mml:mrow>
      <mml:msup>
        <mml:mi>S</mml:mi>
        <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
      </mml:msup>
      <mml:mo>×</mml:mo>
      <mml:msup>
        <mml:mi>S</mml:mi>
        <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>
      </mml:msup>
    </mml:mrow>
    <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S^2 \times S^1</mml:annotation>
  </mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> and obtain a lower bound on their geometric winding number. We then provide an infinite family of null-homologous knots with increasing geometric winding number on which the bound is sharp.


This paper shows benefits, analysis, design, and testing of a desktop application which is able to translate English text to Arabic text, pronounce English and/or Arabic text, and recognize the English speech to convert it then into a corresponding English text, to help users to complete their tasks easily especially those with special needs.


Methane (CH 4 ) mixing ratios in the South Atlantic basin were sampled from a DC-8 aircraft during the TRACE A expedition over the months of September and October 1992. This high-precision (± 0.1%), high-resolution data set (independent measurements every 5 s) includes a total of 67,335 observations and ranges from 1586.6 to 2152.8 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). The observed values were influenced by emissions from biomass burning and local urban/industrial areas, stratosphere-troposphere exchange, active convective mixing, and possible long-range transport of pollution. Average mixing ratios increased from the atmospheric mixed layer (0-2 km) to the free troposphere (2-6 km) and were greatest at altitudes above 6 km. A longitudinal trend observed between 5°N and 40°S latitude suggests that CH 4 inputs were greater on the South American side of the basin. A latitudinal trend in values between the near-surface and 11 km exhibits the expected gradient from north to south, but differs from the latitudinal gradient observed in surface level clean air at this time. Higher concentrations at altitude, at least at this time of year, indicate that ground-based atmospheric monitoring sites may underestimate pollution inputs to the region.


Wind data recorded by an ultrasonic-anemometer over a time of eight months were used to validate a nonhydrostatic microscale model Observations took place in the vicinity of a pigsty at a height of 9.5m above ground. The height of the building was about 8m. Model runs were performed with various wind speeds and directions as well as different thermal stratifications. Comparison between observations and model results in general showed good agreement. However, downdrafts in the lee circulation were overestimated by the model Sensitivity to thermal stratification showed to be neglectable concerning observations as well as model results.


The accelerated aging experiments for perspex specimens have been conducted for 70 days under the conditions of heat air(50 ℃) and hygrotherm air(50 ℃,relative humidity 85%) and ultraviolet(50 ℃,313 nm wavelength) and tap water(50 ℃) and brine(50 ℃,3% NaCl Solution).The macro-mechanical characteristics of perspex were tested at different time during the experiments in different environment,and structure difference were analyzed between samples before aging and after aging by methods of GPC and DSC.Combined with the mechanical data,the aging rule and aging mechanisms for perspex in above typical environment were clarified qualitatively.


The European Commission has recently tabled a proposal for a Regulation on European Production and Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminal matters. The draft Regulation establishes a system, which if adopted, will compel private service providers offering services in the European Union (EU)to produce or preserve electronic evidence, regardless of the location of data, upon receipt of orders issued by public authorities in EU Member States. According to the proposal, such orders (known respectively as the 'European Production Order' and the 'European Preservation Order') can be served on providers of electronic communication services, social networks, online marketplaces, other hosting service providers and providers of internet infrastructure such as IP address and domain name registries, or on their legal representatives where they exist. As such, the draft Regulation establishes a direct channel of communication between the issuing (public) authority and private service providers; European Production Orders and European Preservation Orders are directly addressed to a legal representative designated by the service provider (in order to facilitate this, the Commission has also tabled a draft Regulation laying down harmonized rules on the appointment of legal representatives). The addressees must, in principle, comply with the orders and react swiftly: Upon receipt of a European Production Order, the addressee must ensure that the requested data is transmitted directly to the issuing authority or


A prominent business topic of nowadays in the context of sustainability is balanced economic management – one that contributes to economic development, environmental protection and public wellbeing. Given the positive growth potential of the European market for sustainable entrepreneurship and the improvement of Latvia's environmental sustainability in the entrepreneurship sector, it is important to find out the prospects of further development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia. The aim of the research is to define sustainability in the context of business, to identify the factors that motivate and determine the sustainability of the company and to evaluate sustainable business perspectives in Latvia. Hence, the process of business management has to provide for interaction among the company, the management and utilisation of its resources, its financial management, and the stakeholders of the buying and selling process – businesses, consumers and public authorities. In light of the above, business management can not only contribute to a sustainable product consumption but also make a positive impact upon public action and thinking. The author's research fields conclusions regarding the key factors for running a sustainable business in Latvia. Based on expert interviews, it was analysed what promotes / hampers the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia, looking into the prospects of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia. During the research it was found, that the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia is promoted by the regulatory pressure created by the European Union, as well as the growing public interest in sustainability issues created by the available information space. The development of sustainable entrepreneurship in Latvia is hindered by the lack of interaction between public education and the regulatory system in terms of sustainability, reducing the effectiveness of motivating sustainable choices.


Long-range interactions are known to induce unusual features in physical systems. An example is given by a non-neutral plasmas. Here, we present a kinetic study of the non-neutral plasma trapped in a confining potential. This system interacts through the unscreened 1 over r Coulombian potential. The use of a Vlasov solver allows us to compute the evolution of the probability density function. The resolution is studied in phase space and the stability of quasi-stationary states is discussed.


Our best Enlightenment (Campomanes, Jovellanos and also Sem- pere), understood that reforming policy musn't forget the improvement of popular education. We can't find, in the works from public prosecutor of Granada's Chan- cery any explicit theory about education but, however, all his works are impregna- ted with a strong educational concern. We have tried to extract some main thesis, inferred from his works, being specially sensible to the historical-conceptual value of the arguments in their historic and social background.


The low saturated fatty acid concentration of canola oil relative to other vegetable oils has resulted in a favourable market share for canola. Understanding the effects of genotype and environment on saturated fatty acid concentration will facilitate Brassica napus breeding efforts aimed at maintaining or reducing saturate levels in the seed oil. Canola-quality B. napus samples from the Manitoba Crop Variety Evaluation Team (MCVET) trials in 1999, 2000 and 2001 were tested for fatty acid composition, oil concentration and protein concentration. Weather data were obtained from nearby weather stations. The majority of the variation in total saturates for the cultivars studied was attributed to variation in palmitic acid (C16:0) due to the genotype main effect and variation in stearic acid (C18:0) due to the genotype and environment main effects. The variation due to the genotype × environment interaction was small relative to the main effects for the individual saturated fatty acids. C18:0 and arachidic (C...


Background and objectives: Subtrochanteric fractures are sustained by elderly from trivial trauma such as slipping on stairs, or in the toilet, in younger patients they are caused due to high energy injuries. These fractures are complicated by mal-union, delayed union, non-union. Only recently understanding of biology, reduction techniques and biomechanically improved implants like Gamma nail, Russell-Taylor's nail, Proximal femoral nail allowed for these fractures to be addressed with consistent success. This led us to study sub trochanteric fracture fixation with Dynamic hip screw system (DHS) and cephalomedullary nail. Materials and methods: Study consists of 40 patients of traumatic sub trochanteric fractures of femur, of which 20 patients are treated with DHS system and remaining 20 are treated with cephalomedullary nail. Results: Mean time of bone union with DHS group was 19.8 weeks and with nail was 15.2 weeks. According to Kyle's criteria 30% patients were treated with DHS and 50% of patients were treated with nail showed excellent results. Good results were 50% in DHS and 40% in nail, Fair results 20% in DHS and 10% in nail. None of the patients showed poor results. Interpretation and Conclusion: Cases treated with cephalomedullary nail have shown minimal blood loss, early rehabilitation, early rate of fracture union as compared with those cases treated with DHS as per our study.


Defective 3D vertical graphene (VG) with a relatively large surface area, high defect density, and increased surface electrons is synthesized via a scalable plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, together with a postsynthesis Ar‐plasma treatment (VG‐Ar). Subsequently, Cu@CuxO nanoparticles are deposited onto VG‐Ar (Cu/VG‐Ar) through a galvanostatic pulsed electrodeposition method. These Cu@CuxO nanocatalyst systems exhibit a superior electrochemical CO2 reduction performance when compared to Cu‐based catalysts supported on commercial graphene paper or pristine VG without postsynthesis Ar‐plasma treatment. The Cu/VG‐Ar achieves the highest CO2 reduction Faradaic efficiency of 60.6% (83.5% of which are attributed to liquid products, i.e., formate, ethanol, and n‐propanol) with a 5.6 mA cm−2 partial current density at −1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The improved CO2 reduction performance of Cu/VG‐Ar originates from the well‐dispersed Cu@CuxO nanoparticles deposited on the defective VG‐Ar. The intrinsic carbon defects on VG‐Ar can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction as well as tune the interaction between VG and Cu@CuxO, thus impeding the excessive oxidation of Cu2O species deposited on VG‐Ar. The defective VG‐Ar and stabilized Cu@CuxO enhances CO2 adsorption and promotes electron transfer to the adsorbed CO2 and intermediates on the catalyst surface, thus improving the overall CO2 reduction performance.


Bolted flanged connections are used extensively in the petrochemical and nuclear industries. Under high temperatures, their leakage tightness behavior is compromised due to the loss of load as a result of creep of not only the gasket material but also the bolt and the flange materials. The relaxation of the bolt load and the corresponding loss of the gasket contact stress are not easy to assess analytically and consequently there is no established design calculation procedure. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical method that is part of the SuperFlange program [1] and is capable of predicting the load relaxation in a bolted joint when subjected to flange, bolt and gasket creep. The proposed method is validated by comparison with 3D FE models of different size flanges. In some cases, the relaxation caused by the flange and bolt materials is shown to be significant.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


APFC(Active Power Factor Correction) is an effective way for harmonic suppression and power factor improvement.Its principle and method are studied.Boost DC-DC converter is taken as power amplifier and UC 3854 is used to control the duty ratio of pulse width modulator and drive MOSFET directly.By tracking the input voltage,the phase of input current follows that of input voltage to improve the power factor.The parameters of the primary circuit and UC 3854 peripheral circuit for a 1.2 kW 400 V Boost APFC circuit controlled with average current mode are designed and calculated,as well as simulated with Orcad,with power factor reaching 0.998 4.


This document will make a road rehabilitation of the surface layer of concrete of Av. Marcel Laniado and intersection August 10 to Buenavista, using the methodology AASHTO93 to improve living conditions, with increased security in vehicular mobility and pedestrian. The rehabilitation of roads in the city of Machala, have been important in recent years, due to population growth and the increasing of the various public and private transport, our study project is a collection via Class I, being a main road that serves the city, classified according to the MTOP according to traffic volume obtained at the site. This via requires prompt maintenance because its design period has ended and has several failures along the length in study, a construction method for the rehabilitation depending on the state in which it is located, performing a partial repair of each fault is exposed existing on the surface of concrete, removing the damaged area and replacing it with a premixed high strength material, considering precautions. We use this method because that method according to the PCI, our road is classified as very good, so for cracks and crevices of low and medium severities also carry out a maintenance all together because the seal material is completely deteriorated. Applying this methodology proposed in our study project, we will obtain an excellent result in the rehabilitation of this road because it presents an economic and durable alternative in time.


catheter, a small amount of omnipaque (GE Healthcare, Bucks, UK) (Fig. 1) is injected into the distal catheter. The needle is then inserted into the air exit ports of the catheter to ensure they remain patent and free of omnipaque. Videofluoroscopic screening allows correct placement of the distal end of the catheter into the thoracic oesophagus, and its position can be manipulated in reference to an opaque marker indicating the site of the laryngectomy stoma (Fig. 2). We believe this simple practical step improves the efficiency and speed of post laryngectomy voice assessment prior to embarking upon secondary tracheo-oesophageal puncture. Conflict of interest


This study was conducted to provide information on the typical sample size employed in psychological research, as it is reported in selected American Psychological Association journals. All the articles in those journals for the years 1955 and 1977 were read to ascertain both the total n for the study, and the size of each of the groups that made up that total n. The mean, SD, median, 25th percentile, 75th percentile, modes, and range were calculated for each year, both for total n and for individual group n. A comparison of the 1955 data and the 1977 data showed no significant changes in sample size between those years. Certain problems in determining sample size, as it was reported, are presented in this article.


Co-curriculum or extra-curricular activities have become a part of the learning process. However, the implementation may differ in higher learning institutions. Learners participate in such activities and have conflicting views regarding the benefit of planning such activities. This study found that most students (above 89%) enjoy being involved in such activities. However, most of them participate in order to 'make friends' and do not perceive such involvement as 'learning'. Students perceive learning as obtaining a high CGPA. For the learner, taking part in such activities is a way for them to reduce their stress. Despite this perception, students do realize that taking part in such activities do benefit them and does contribute to their holistic development of their 'soft skills'.


The invention discloses a method for increasing efficiency of a refrigeration unit of a vending machine. The method comprises the steps that a statistic cycle is set as T; sales situations of every t hours in each cycle are recorded, so that T*(24/t) period sales statistic information can be formed, wherein a sales amount in the sales statistic information at the initial moment is set as a maximum value; and t hours later, the vending machine reads a sales value for the next period after a current period in the previous statistic cycle, wherein refrigeration will be stopped if the sales value is smaller than a specific value and otherwise the refrigeration will be started; and a low-strength refrigeration maintenance state is started when a temperature reaches a refrigeration goal, temperature rise of addition N DEG C is allowed, and high-strength refrigeration is restarted when the temperature is N DEG C higher than the target temperature. According to the invention, energy consumption can be reduced greatly; no operator needs to set time for starting or stopping, and the applicability is very high; the temperature is allowed to increase again within a limit scope; and even during the periods with sales, over 10% of energy consumption can be reduced by the scheme in comparison with an accurate temperature control manner.


Based on present situation of the compound parabolic concentrator(CPC)type heat collectors,a novel CPC heat pipe type evacuated tubular heat collector has been designed,the structure design and calculation process of light-gathering surface and receiver for said novel heat collector being presented.After analysis of heat collection in the novel CPC heat pipe type evacuated tubular heat collector,the instantaneous efficiency formula of the said novel heat collector has been obtained.The performance comparison between the novel heat collector and the traditional fins type tubular heat collector shows that the novel heat collector has remarkably high efficiency,simple fabricating process,and lower cost.


Environmental friendly techniques for elevating soil health includes the use of various organic amendments such as in the form of organic manures, green manures, organic matter in form of leftover straws, bio-fertilizers, composts, and many more. Traditionally the farmers usually preferred to make use of organic manures as they received a by-product from cattle farming. This helped them to maintain soil health sufficiently. However, now with the increase in population and decrease in crop yield, it has been the time to make some efforts to produce as much as sufficient as the food demand. Therefore, the conventional trend developed towards the use of artificial amendments in the form of chemical fertilizers. This improved the crop yield and proved effective to nourish demand. However, this also turned a curse with time by lowering bio geological cycles of soil and so lowering the fertility which indeed made overuse of chemical fertilizers. This has been continued for decades. Momentarily focusing more on crop productivity by supplying nutrients without harming the rhizosphere has been made possible with the help of nano fertilizers. Nanotechnology is the most advanced technology in current research trends. The current review focuses on how effective these methodologies are.


Mud streams in the mountainous zone are formed almost everywhere in the Chechen Republic: on the northern slope of the Main Ridge and its spurs, the Skalisty, Pastbischny, Lesisty, Terskiy, Sunzhensky ranges and in the depressions between them. The conditions for the mud streams formation and mud stream hazardous regions of the Chechen Republic are determined by orographic tectonic-geomorphological, geological-lithological, soil-plant, anthropogenic and especially hydrometeorological conditions and affect the mud streams with their indicators. The variety and complexity of the relief, as well as the temperature regime, are used to predict the mud stream threat and develop anti-mud stream measures. The authors of the article provide the following indicators: air temperature regime, also values of average monthly and annual air temperatures, monthly values of vertical air temperature gradients in the Chechen Republic territory, changes in annual precipitation (mm) with terrain altitude above the sea level on the northern slope of the Eastern Caucasus, schematic map of orohydrography and mud stream channels of the Chechen Republic on a scale -1: 500,000.


Heien and Wessells' two-step estimator for the multivariate sample-selection model has been used extensively during the past 15 years. A modified version of it, with slightly different selectivity regressors, has also appeared in the empirical literature. Both estimators are unfounded and generally do not correct for the sample selectivity bias as intended but have continued to gain popularity in empirical applications. The properties of the modified Heien–Wessells procedure are investigated in both the bivariate and multivariate contexts, and the conditions under which this estimator fails to correct for sample selectivity are examined. The theoretical properties are demonstrated with a simulated random sample.


Traffic disruption in Kingston town centre and surrounding areas is being caused by road works and four-way temporary traffic lights at College Roundabout.


The presented study brings part of the results of the Doctoral research and it justifies itself by the importance of understanding the context lived by the children in their relation with narratives and the contemporary ways of narrating. The Thesis of which originated the present article was developed through a qualitative ethnographic research with children from 7 to 11 years old in various fields: a cultural space, two schools (a public and a private one) and a blog, being developed in about 8 workshops of narrative exchange and production, including also the posts collected from blog and subsequent interviews with some of the children who participated in the workshops. The dimension of the "storytelling as reading narratives that are made" was one of the aspects that excelled in the research, and to do such analysis, I dialogue with Walter Benjamin and his narrative and experience concepts, seeking to realize how the narratives and experiences of the children are constituted in the different moments of the storytelling in these researched fields.


Understanding the tumor microenvironment and detecting rare circulating tumor cells from blood are two major challenges faced by cancer biologists and oncologists. Both require high sensitivity and accuracy in classifying and isolating single cells in a complex and heterogeneous environment. Classical cell classification and sorting techniques are limited by their reliance on pre-selected cell biomarkers or physical characteristics. Recent breakthroughs in machine learning have achieved unprecedented accuracy across a wide range of image classification problems. We have developed a platform that combines high-resolution imaging of unlabeled cells in microfluidic flow with real-time deep neural network (DNN) based classification and sorting. The DNN classifier was trained on more than 25 million high-resolution cell images of multiple types imaged on the platform. Our model was trained to discriminate among multiple cell classes, including immune cell subtypes, non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), and stromal cells (including endothelial, epithelial, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells). We then assessed model performance on a separate validation set of cell images, including cell lines not used in the training data. Our classifier accurately identifies NSCLC and HCC against a background of blood cells with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of > 0.999. In addition we demonstrate the enrichment of NSCLC cells from spike-in mixtures with WBCs or whole blood at concentrations as low as 1:100,000, achieving an enrichment of > 25,000x on multiple cell lines. Using dissociated lung cancer tissue, we demonstrate that our label-free classification of tumor cells closely matches results from both standard flow cytometer analysis and single cell RNA sequencing. Additionally we were able to enrich the tumor cell fraction from dissociated tumor tissue thereby improving the sensitivity of mutation detection and enabling refined downstream single-cell genomic analysis. This work demonstrates that deep learning using high-resolution cell images collected at scale can achieve a high classification accuracy and can enable the label-free isolation of rare cells of interest for a wide range of applications. This system can be used to analyze tumor biopsies and liquid biopsies and has the potential to enable the study of tumor cells and tumor microenvironment with novel dimension and insight. Citation Format: Mahyar Salek, Hou-pu Chou, Prashast Khandelwal, Krishna P. Pant, Thomas J. Musci, Nianzhen Li, Christina Chang, Andreja Jovic, Esther Lee, Stephanie Huang, Jeff Walker, Phuc Nguyen, Kiran Saini, Jeanette Mei, Quillan F. Smith, Maddison Masaeli. Deep learning enables label-free profiling of the tumor microenvironment and enrichment of rare cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 188.


This article presents the organization of local AIDS/HIV support groups in South Africa. In a survey conducted by the Southern Africa AIDS Training Program in Zimbabwe, approximately 150 support groups for people living with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe were identified. International support was reported in only four groups, some being supported by local churches and mission hospitals, but the majority functioned independently. The result clearly indicated the people were organizing themselves when faced with a major problem despite the lack of international assistance. The development of AIDS programs among these organizations were based on needs of their members and much of it is framed in a religious or spiritual context. On the other hand, the income generation embarked by these groups was precarious and implemented projects were not able to produce surplus money that could be distributed to its members. It has been encouraging that there has been a growing international recognition and interest in the local response to HIV in Africa, but the interest of international organizations in expanding local response was not appreciated by local organizations. This article stresses that scaling up of local response to HIV may hinder the important distinction between the local, national and international response. In addition, learning from every organizational level and creation of HIV information exchange opportunities is essential in the development of appropriate HIV programs.


In this paper,we collected the remote sensing data of Huanglong Mountain in the year of 1986,1997 and 2008,and revealed the temporal and spatial characteristics of forests in this area by using "3S" technology.Driving forces of woodland changes were analyzed,socio-economic driving force models of various kinds of woodlands by using socio-economic statistical resources were bulit.The results showed that existed significant fluctuations of woodland in Huanglong Mountain.The forestedland and other types of woodland were increasing constantly,while the area of shrubland and open forest land were shrinking.There were internal conversions between different kinds of wood lands,and the main trends were that the shrublands and open forest lands transferred to forested land.The conversion rate of forestry resources in Huanglong Mountain was slow down from 1997 to 2008 compared to that from 1986 to 1997.The socio-economic driving force model demonstrated that the forested lands had high relevance to the GDP increase,and other types of forest variation,while the total investment in fixed assets and the proportion of agricultural population were respectively of high relevance with the area changes of shrub forests and open forest lands in Huanglong Mountain.


To study the effect on the formation of oxygen vacancy of TiO2,the experiments of TiO2 sintered at air or argon atmosphere in tubular resistance furnace at different temperature were carried out.The microcosmic morphology,phase,elemental composition and valence states of sintered TiO2 were determined by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS).The effect of sintering temperature,sintering atmosphere and argon ion etching on the formation of oxygen vacancies of sintered TiO2were researched.The results show that with the increasing of the sintering temperature,the concentration of oxygen vacancies is increased under the same atmosphere;the inert atmosphere(argon atmosphere) is favorable to the generation of oxygen vacancies of TiO2 under the same temperature,and the argon ion etching is contributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies of TiO2.


In this paper,we discuss the distribution of random variable function for Gamma distribution.The random variable for generalized t-distribution and generalized F-distribution are also obtained.


In the context of the Canadian transition to IFRS, this study provides evidence that the decomposition of equity permits a more comprehensive examination of the financial reporting impact of the GAAP-to-GAAP standard differences, the extent to which IFRS is being implemented, and equity reclassifications which potentially transfer unrealized capital to earned capital. The evidence provided in this study suggests that IFRS adoption is not a monolithic research question. It is an endeavor which requires a thorough examination of its parts before addressing the objectives of the GAAP changeover as a whole. In the five regression models which tested firm attributes as a function of the components of equity, four of the models demonstrated predictive power. Employing a repeated-measures general linear model to compare model results of the dependent variables: the adjustment to retained earnings as reported and the adjustment to RE without the reclassification effect, the study provides evidence that suggests that the equity reclassification effect is significant in explaining the financial effects of the IFRS implementation.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the route of transmission and influence factor of HIV between couples,so as to provide the basis for AIDS prevention and control in Shandong.METHODS Families who were found HIV infection between Dec 31th 1992-Dec 31th 2009 in Shandong were collected and investigated living couples,and 101 single positive families were selected as controls and investigated.RESULTS 90 cases couples were transmission by spouse.the first infection people of 90 couples did not show significant difference with 101 single positive couples,χ2 = 3.19,P﹥0.05.There was no significant difference.Single factor analysis showed culture level(χ2 = 17.62,P﹤0.01)and the information of separation(χ2 = 5.75,P﹤0.05)were the influence factors of spread of couples;The logistic regression analysis indicated that the low Culture level(OR = 1.672)and live together(OR = 2.877)were the independent risk factors of spread of HIV.CONCLUSION Strenthen health education of HIV infected person,promote using condoms,and prevent from unprotected sex are the effective measures of controlling spread between couples.


An energy transfer method includes such steps as creating an enclosed hollow container with two-layer shell, vacuumizing it, filling superconductor material in the space between internal and externalcasing layers and sealing. This equipment is composed of a concave vacuum superconducting main body, a refrigerating chip and a power supply.


In January 2005, a school in Kent become the first state school in the UK to report the introduction of random ('suspicionless') drug testing. Testing is already widespread in independent boarding schools, with three-quarters of schools reported to be using some drug testing.1 There is no doubt that for governors, teachers and parents drug testing seems an attractive solution both to prevent and deal with illicit drug use among their pupils. The Kent initiative, partly funded by the News of World and supported by the testing manufacturers Altrix Healthcare plc, has been broadly welcomed, such that only a small proportion of parents have opted their children out of the scheme.2 Despite the enthusiasm from teachers and parents for testing, few empirical studies have examined the effects of drug testing in schools. With adults, an Independent Inquiry into Drug Testing at Work3 cautioned against introducing random drug testing in the workplace, concluding that it was inappropriate to drug test as a means of policing private behaviour of employees or improving productivity, except perhaps in safety-critical industries. We believe that if drug testing is not appropriate for adult employees then it should also be unacceptable to test school children.

Illicit drug use is certainly prevalent among the young. In 2002–2003 the British Crime Survey4 found that 36% of 16–59-year-olds reported using one or more illicit drugs in their lifetime, 13% using Class A (cocaine, heroin) drugs. Cannabis is the most frequently reported drug with around 3 million users per year and 16–24-year-olds were the age group most likely to use illicit drugs in the past year (28%). The latest survey of school children by the Department of Health5 reported that 21% had used drugs in the past year with 12% admitting to having used in the past …


We consider polynomials of the form with non-zero coefficients ai in a finite field F. For any finite extension field K ⊇ F, let fk :Kn → K be the mapping defined by f. We say f is universal over K if fK is surjective, and f is isotropic over K if fK has a non-trivial "kernel"; the latter means fK(X) = 0 for some 0 ≠ x ∊ Kn . We show (Theorem 1) that f is universal over K provided |K| (the cardinality of K) is larger than a certain explicit bound given in terms of the exponents d 1,…, dn . The analogous fact for isotropy is Theorem 2. It should be noted that in studying diagonal equations we fix both the number of variables n and the exponents di , and ask how large the field must be to guarantee a solution.


BACKGROUND
The development of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) has enabled submillimeter-level evaluation of intracranial artery plaque and luminal thrombus. We sought to investigate the value of HR-MRI in assessing the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus.

METHODS
We examined the presence of intracranial thrombus on three-dimensional T1-weighted HR-MRI in acute ischemic stroke patients with intracranial artery occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography. We defined two thrombus-related HR-MRI features (peri-thrombus plaque and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus) and analyzed their association with potential embolic sources.

RESULTS
Luminal thrombus and a shrunken artery without luminal thrombus were detected in 162 (96.4%) and 6 (3.6%) of 168 patients with intracranial artery occlusion, respectively. Among 111 patients with culprit major artery thrombus, peri-thrombus plaques were observed in 46.8% and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus in 64.0%. Patients with peri-thrombus plaque had a higher prevalence of diabetes (44.2% vs. 25.4%, p=0.037), a lower prevalence of potential sources of cardioembolism (0% vs. 16.9%, p=0.002), and a non-significantly lower prevalence of potential embolic sources from extracranial arteries (9.6% vs. 20.3%, p=0.186) than those without. Patients with distal residual flow beyond the thrombus had a lower prevalence of potential sources of cardioembolism (1.4% vs. 22.5%, p<0.001) and smaller infarct volumes (5.0[1.4-12.7] ml vs. 16.6[2.4-94.6] ml, p=0.012) than those without.

CONCLUSIONS
HR-MRI helps clarify the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus. The presence of peri-thrombus plaque and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus favor the stroke mechanism of atherosclerosis rather than cardioembolism.


Crosstalk characteristics such as pulse amplitude and shape are studied with a simple PSpice model of the capacitive couplings within an MPGD. The crosstalk pulse shape can be understood as due to a CR-differentiator. Crosstalk can occur simultaneously through more than one capacitive coupling path. The crosstalk signals on these paths add differently if the signal is induced via a current source as in normal detector operation or via a voltage source as is often done in benchtop tests with an external voltage pulse generator. A few means for reducing the crosstalk are investigated with the model. It shows that a low-impedance AC path from the amplification electrode that faces the readout structure to ground is important for minimizing crosstalk. This implies a need for a sufficiently large capacitance of that amplification electrode to ground. This result has consequences for how much such an amplification electrode can be segmented without incurring crosstalk.


To study the effects of natural and mechanical ventilation on the indoor temperature under heat sources of different powers,experiments were carried out to compare the indoor temperature field with natural ventilation under different conditions,using various vent sizes and locations on the walls or ceiling.The results show that natural ventilation is mainly due to cool air from a side-window resulting from the entering of air rising near the heat source.Therefore,it is highly effective to heat dissipation with the vent opening being on the roof.When the vent is vertical,the layers of hot air and cool air stratify vertically;however,the effect of heat dissipation is not evident yet.Furthermore,it was found that the air perturbation is much stronger for mechanical ventilation than that for natural ventilation.It was suggested that the most efficient ventilation is with side-windows and skylights all in considering in the practical engineering.


The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and salt stress on growth and nutrient acquisition in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars exhibiting differences in salt tolerance were investigated. The plants were grown in a sterilized, low P (silty clay) soil-sand mix. Three salt levels were created by adding NaCl solution to the soil through irrigation water, resulting in saturation extract (ECe) values of 1.2 (control), 4.1 (medium) and 6.7 dS m –1 (high salt stress), respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization occurred whether the soil was salt stressed or non-stressed and in both cultivars, but the extent of AMF colonization was higher in the control than under saline soil conditions. The salt-tolerant cultivar Petra had higher mycorrhizal colonization than the salt-sensitive cultivar Hourani-27. The shoot dry matter (DM) yield was higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants of both cultivars. Petra had higher shoot DM but not higher root DM than Hourani-27 plants. The enhancement ...


We propose an original approach to the analysis of animal movement patterns in an open field test. In our approach, the characteristic movement patterns are revealed by the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). The animal movement trajectories during the open field test have been retrieved from the video recordings using the DeepLabCut framework. Linear projections of the movement trajectories are represented in either Cartesian or polar coordinate systems and analyzed by DFA. Our results indicate that characteristic animal movement patterns indicate two asymptotic regimes, with positive power-law correlated increments at small scales and negative power-law correlated increments at large scales, separated by a single crossover. The above results give rise to a model-parametric animal movement pattern representation, that is capable of revealing significant differences between different treatment scenarios. We believe that due to its simplicity and unambiguity, the proposed approach could be useful for the enhancement of the effectiveness and speed-up of the decision making procedures in various applications involving animal tests, such as applied pharmacology, including novel drugs screening.


Imagery of scenes viewed through atmospheric turbulence often exhibits dynamic distortion or warping. A computationally efficient method for coregistering this type of imagery is described.


Summary We argue that for the field of organizational psychology to prosper, it must adopt a global perspective. In this article, we discuss three specific ideals for a more global organizational psychology, our progress toward these ideals (or lack thereof), and potential solutions to move toward a truly global science. First, we argue that a truly global organizational psychology must incorporate global voices. Yet cross-cultural research in organizational psychology still remains largely a U.S. export business wherein the very questions we ask are colored by Western assumptions and values which are then explored to other cultures. To be a global science, we must acknowledge that the questions we ask are value-laden, and we must ensure that the questions we ask to have global relevance. Second, a truly global organizational psychology must articulate with precision the level at which culture operates. Yet the level at which culture is defined varies widely across studies and levels of analysis confusion abounds in the literature. We discuss a number of conceptualizations and measures of culture and suggest the conditions under which each may be warranted. Third, a truly global organizational psychology must advance an understanding of when culture matters. Despite abundant evidence that behavior in organizations is influenced by multiple contextual factors (e.g., the work team, organization, industry), we have little understanding of how national culture and non-cultural factors jointly influence behavior in organizations. We discuss several promising models to guide such efforts. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Injection is considered as one of the key procedures of drug delivery all over the world. Unsafe injection practices are very common in countries like India. This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of injection safety in a tertiary care hospital of Tripura.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants including staff nurses, operation theater (OT) assistants and laboratory technicians of Tripura Medical College and Dr. BRAM Teaching Hospital, Hapania; who were primarily involved in routine injection practices related to patient care from January 15th to February 14th 2018. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Majority (77%) of the participants in this study belonged to 18 to 25 years age group and were females (71.3%); mostly were nurses (88%), followed by OT assistants (6.3%) and laboratory technicians (5.7%) respectively. Good injection safety practices were reported by majority of the participants (67.3%). Higher mean age with knowledge of injection safety, nurses as compared to others and probational work experience than permanent were found to have significant association with safe injection practices of the participants.Conclusions: Even though study findings showed good practice related to injection safety among the health care personnel like similar other studies in this country, still improvement is required to fulfil the gap in knowledge and attitude of the health care providers to keep unsafe injection to the minimum level.


This paper presents a metaheuristic approach to solve parcel delivery multi-criteria routing problem. The problem is modeled as a multiple travelling salesman problem (mTSP) and reduced to TSP by applying a clustering algorithm. Travelling time, road capacity, road elevation, number of traffic lights and number of turns are considered as objective functions to be optimized. A conductive study is conducted between simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and adaptive GA algorithm. Experiments show that adaptive GA outperforms simulated annealing and standard genetic algorithm.


The paper presents the techniques applied for improving the energy efficiency of microwave electrothermal appliances with beam-type cameras by upgrading the uniformity of heating and controlling internal heat sources of the units.


Present study consists the extraction of gDNA from marine fish gut samples that belong to the Chaetodontidae family. Eppendorf BioSpectrometer kinetic, based on UV spectroscopy, and Qubit 2.0, was employed for this purpose, with ladder. Thus on-chip, gel electrophoresis was performed for the analysis of gDNA quantification and sizing in the NGS sample preparation workflow. Quantification of 2 different gDNAs from gut samples of Pakistan butterfly (Chaetodon collare) and Indian vagabond (Chaetodon decussates) was made with a standard DNA.


Two types of symmetric dimers with 5‐(4‐alkoxybenzoyloxy)tropone cores or with 4‐(4‐alkoxybenzoyloxy)phenyl cores were synthesized to evaluate the effect of the core structure and the length of the spacer on the mesomorphic properties. The former had smectic C phases whereas the latter had smectic C and F phases. Both types of dimer showed a remarkable odd–even effect on varying the spacer on the mesomorphic properties. Comparison of the thermal stability between them demonstrated that benzenoid twins are more stable than troponoid ones. The layer spacings of the smectic C phases were measured to determine the tilt angles of the core part, the spacer, and the side chains on changing the length of the spacer and the side chains. Troponoid dimers had a larger tilt angle of the core part of the smectic C phase than benzenoid twins, which lowered the thermal stability of the troponoid. Entropy changes of the smectic C phase to the isotropic liquid showed a contrast between troponoids and benzenoids. The former had smaller values and odd–even effects than the latter, which indicated that the former troponoids had a limited number of conformers in mesophases.


An initial study has been undertaken to determine the viability of using S-thiosulphato (Bunte salt) terminated polyethers as pigment binders. Three such polymers (two synthesised and a commercial product) of different molecular mass and functionality were investigated. Two substrates were employed: wool fabric as prepared for dyeing and cotton fabric modified with a cationic polyamine. Pigments dispersed in anionic surfactants show high substantivity for the latter substrate and as a result these dispersions can be successfully applied to appropriately treated fibre by exhaust methods. In all cases high standards of wash fastness were achieved without affecting the fibre handle. On cotton each binder showed relatively low fastness to rubbing. On wool a good all-round fastness was achieved with one of the Bunte salt polyethers. The polymers also displayed excellent properties for use as dispersing, wetting and shrink-resist agents.


George Akerlof has been a pioneer in developing theories that explain important deviations from classical economics. In 2001, he, along with Joseph Stiglitz and Michael Spence, won the Nobel Memorial Prize in economic science. His acceptance speech was a forceful denunciation of many standard claims of economics today. In fact, Akerlof believes a truer view of how the economy works reflects the spirit of Keynes. He is concerned that the nation will try to reduce inflation too far.


Luminescence spectra of Eu‐doped GaN with varying Eu concentration and V/III ratio were investigated. Eu‐related luminescence originating from the 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+ was observed at about 622 nm. The luminescence basically consisted of three peaks, and the relative intensity of the three peaks was affected by the Eu concentration and the V/III ratio. These results indicate that the Eu incorporation site is very sensitive to the Eu concentration and the V/III ratio. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A demand for fostering creativity has become a universal discourse across different nations, reflecting globalization of economic activity. Teachers play a key role in promoting creative thinking through appropriate approaches in the classroom. Because a number of studies indicate that most creativity research focuses on children rather on adults, the purpose of this meta-analytic study is to investigate the effects of creativity training on adults. It is hoped that by providing evidence-based findings, adult educators could consider fostering creativity in adult classrooms. The results confirm the findings of previous meta-analysis indicating that creativity training is effective on adults. The magnitude of this finding indicates creativity training is promising for increasing adultsi¯ creative thinking.


This paper provides an overview of ongoing European policy actions to improve the circular management of non-ferrous metals. After explaining why metals are at the center of the European Union's circular economy initiative, the authors outline a number of issues that still need tackling to "close the loop", and prevent Europe's metals from being landfilled, incinerated, or exported without guarantee of high-quality treatment. Electronic waste is focused on in detail during this analysis, because of the special challenges in environmentally sound recovery of smaller quantities of valuable and precious metals. In particular, the authors find that a mandatory certification scheme for recyclers of electronic waste, in or out of Europe, would help to incentivize high-quality treatment processes and efficient material recovery. More generally, the article finds that the European Commission's waste legislation proposals and Action Plan begins to address key challenges, provided the requirements are implemented strongly and consistently across Member States. In particular, it is crucial that EU policy establishes level playing field conditions for European metals recyclers


APPL is a research-based organization that serves NASA program and project managers, as well as project teams, at every level of development. In 1997, APPL was created from an earlier program to underscore the importance that NASA places on project management and project teams through a wide variety of products and services, including knowledge sharing, classroom and online courses, career development guidance, performance support, university partnerships, and advanced technology tools. ASK Magazine grew out of APPL's Knowledge Sharing Initiative. The stories that appear in ASK are written by the 'best of the best' project managers, primarily from NASA, but also from other government agencies and industry. Contributors to this issue include: Teresa Bailey, a librarian at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Roy Malone, Deputy Director in the Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) Office at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), W. Scott Cameron, Capital Systems Manager for the Food and Beverage Global Business Unit of Procter and Gamble, Ray Morgan, recent retiree as Vice President of AeroVironment, Inc., Marty Davis, Program Manager of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland, Todd Post, editor of ASK Magazine, and works for EduTech Ltd. in Silver Spring, Maryland, Dr. Owen Gadeken, professor of Engineering Management at the Defense Acquisition University, Ken Schwer, currently the Project Manager of Solar Dynamics Observatory, Dr. Edward Hoffmwan, Director of the NASA Academy of Program and Project Leadership, Frank Snow, a member of the NASA Explorer Program at Goddard Space Flight Center since 1992, Dr. Alexander Laufer, Editor-in-Chief of ASK Magazine and a member of the Advisory Board of the NASA Academy of Program and Project Leadership, Judy Stokley, presently Air Force Program Executive Officer for Weapons in Washington, D.C. and Terry Little, Director of the Kinetic Energy Boost Office of the Missile Defense Agency.


The effect of the irradiation of the high‐temperature pulse deuterium plasma on vanadium is researched. Vanadium is used as one of the base elements for the composition of the low‐activated alloys. Maximum energy in the plasma pulse is 3.6–4 kJ, the speed of the plasma flows is 2–4⋅107 cm/s, the time duration of single pulse is about 100 ns, and number of pulses for each sample is 10. Super‐deep penetration of deuterium into vanadium is observed, and as a result, vanadium becomes fragile. Microscopic research of the irradiated surface shows considerable changes in the surface structure of the outer layers, for example the appearance of bands of slips, fractures, a staircase effect of grain‐boundaries.


Objective To observe cardiac structural and functional alterations one year following orthotopic heart transplantation. Methods In 23 patients with orthotopic heart transplantation, the end-diastolic diameter of the atria and the ventricles(LAD, RAD, LVEDD and RVED), the thickness of interventricular septum,left ventricular posterior wall and right ventricular anterior wall(IVS,LVPW and RVAW),and pericardial effusion(PE) were measured by M- and B-mode echocardiography, ventricular early and late diastolic filling peak velocities(E, A and E/A) and systolic peak pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) were assessed by Doppler techniques. Results PAP, RAD and RVED increased at 2 week following heart transplantation and gradually returned normal at one month. At 1-2 month after operation, IVS, LVPW and RVAW increased, and E decreased with a reversed E/A. PE was detected in moderate amount at 1-2 week, in small amount at 1-3 month, and disappeared at 6 month following the transplantation. Conclusions The structures and functions of the transplanted heart undergo serially adaptive changes postoperatively, and evaluation of these alterations echocardiographically may be helpful to identifying allograft rejection.


With increasing need for alternate sources of energy for powering internal combustion (IC) engines, various options have been considered in the past three decades. Of these one of the popular techniques is the use of hydrogen as a primary or secondary fuel in IC engines. This paper deals with the analysis of the study conducted on a single cylinder air cooled 100cc spark ignition (SI) engine with an electrolytic HHO generator. In my thesis an attempt is made to address this issue by designing and building an HHO generator. This HHO generator uses the principle of electrolysis to split water into its two molecules, hydrogen and oxygen, in gas form. This gas will be introduced into the combustion chamber of an engine. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of HHO gas substitution with the petrol on emissions benefits on light weight petrol engines. This low cost system can be incorporated into any single cylinder SI engines.


The identification of adhesion contracts is the first requirement of governing specially adhesion contracts.Not all the provisions presented by one party for the other's signature are adhesion contracts.The provisions are adhesion contracts only if they are standardization in style,of adhesion in nature.When one party enters into a contract with others by using model contracts,the modal contracts may be governed as adhesion contracts.Related provisions in local regulations must be reconsidered.


For the analysis in this article, I chose the story of Layli and Majnun. In this narration, all events occur around the three characters (Lover, beloved and their families), the lover loves the beloved but the girl's family refused to allow they married. The lover remained loyal to the beloved. Propositions of these stories include: proper noun (characters), verb (actions) and adjective (features and characteristics of persons).


It has long been known that increased load-carrying capacity during the winter months is very beneficial to rural road transportation in Saskatchewan. However, it has been observed that rapid weakening of thin-paved roads during spring thaw is highly detrimental to the load-carrying capacity of these roads. Direct measures of the structural integrity of Saskatchewan roads as a function of seasonal changes have not been quantified in the past. The objective of this study was to directly quantify the impact frost action has on the load-carrying capacity of thin-surfaced roads. This study examined the magnitude and rate of change of in situ structural deflection responses of a typical Saskatchewan thin-surfaced road during fall freeze-up and spring thaw in 2006–2007. This study showed that structural deflection responses significantly improved with frost depth greater than 50 cm and that deflection response significantly worsened with minimal thaw depth, as expected. The data obtained also indicated a signif...


The continuous increase in cargo carrying capability in the container ship sector has led to a rapid growth in container ship sizes. This new generation of large container ships is more sensitive to whipping and springing responses due to the increased flexibility of the hull girder and the prediction of these vibratory responses has become an important element in the design of these ships in term of hull strength and fatigue performance of structural details. This paper describes Lloyd's Register's full scale measurement campaign on board an 8,100 TEU container ship to study the hull girder responses of this ship type in a seaway. The stress measurement indicates that the hull girder vibratory springing and whipping responses are an important factor to be considered in the structural design of the new generation of container ships. The result also highlighted that torsion induced warping stress has a significant contribution to the fatigue damage for the section forward of the engine room. The measurement data has been used for the validation and improvement of Lloyd's Register hull strength and fatigue design procedures.


The Project seeks to promote the empowerment, and improved access to natural, and financial resources for indigenous, and Afro-Ecuadorian communities, within the framework of their own development and inter-cultural aspects. This environmental assessment is based on the country's environmental laws and regulations, and on international environmental standards, and, environmental checklists will be available to profile, and identify within each subproject, potential environmental adversity. Subprojects will be classified as: category A, which includes activities concerning biodiversity conservation, sustainable agricultural practices, reforestation, integrated management of micro-basins, small scale crop management; alternative energy, i.e., solar energy, hydraulic energy, etc. These will not require an environmental assessment; Category B, with subproject proposals for agricultural extension practices requiring soil fertility improvement, drainage, afro-forestry practices, livestock productivity in fragile areas, or in areas rich in medicinal plants, shall require an environmental assessment, while those subprojects under Category C that includes construction of irrigation systems, in addition to agro-industries such as agro-processing, infrastructure development will require an environmental impact assessment process, and as needed, specific studies that address the environmental requirement in each case. Category D subprojects will not be financed by the project, and these activities include: proposals within protected areas, deforestation, aquaculture activities in protected areas, dam construction, new roads in protected areas, introduction of foreign or exotic species, and, the use of pesticides. Monitoring and evaluation practices will be in place to ensure environmental compliance with appropriate waste disposal in selected sites; groundwater, and surface waters protection; water quality management; re-vegetation practices with native species.


In implementing electromagnetic vulnerability (EMV) testing on operational manned and unmanned air and ground vehicles fielding a variety of avionics and communication systems, the test as spelled out in MIL-STD-464D [1] and ADS-37A-PRF [2] requires test labs to operate the high-power source amplifiers/antennas very near the test item to reach required peak and RMS test levels for Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) testing. Questions naturally arise concerning the efficacy of such testing with respect to both the manner of coupling of the fields to the electronics system of the air or ground vehicle as well as the levels required to achieve reasonable confidence in the coupling effect.


Observations indicate that the gaseous circumstellar disks around young stars vary significantly in size, ranging from tens to thousands of AU. Models of planet formation depend critically upon the properties of these primordial disks, yet in general it is impossible to connect an existing planetary system with an observed disk. We present a method by which we can constrain the size of our own protosolar nebula using the properties of the small body reservoirs in the solar system. In standard planet formation theory, after Jupiter and Saturn formed they scattered a significant number of remnant planetesimals into highly eccentric orbits. In this paper, we show that if there had been a massive, extended protoplanetary disk at that time, then the disk would have excited Kozai oscillations in some of the scattered objects, driving them into high-inclination (i ≳ 50°), low-eccentricity orbits (q ≳ 30 AU). The dissipation of the gaseous disk would strand a subset of objects in these high-inclination orbits; orbits that are stable on Gyr timescales. To date, surveys have not detected any Kuiper-belt objects with orbits consistent with this dynamical mechanism. Using these non-detections by the Deep Ecliptic Survey and the Palomar Distant Solar System Survey we are able to rule out an extended gaseous protoplanetary disk (RD ≳ 80 AU) in our solar system at the time of Jupiter's formation. Future deep all sky surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will allow us to further constrain the size of the protoplanetary disk.


Bihermitian matrices are studied as a generalization of hermitian matrices. Some of the properties of hermitian matrices are extended to bihermitian matrices. Some important results of hermitian matrices are generalized to bihermitian matrices.


Product complexity in modern engineering is rising at an ever-increasing rate for several reasons. On the one hand, designers are aimed at extending the functionality of products, thus, integrating them in human living environments and optimizing their interaction with humans. On the other hand, this functionality extension results from the synergetic integration of different disciplines. However, an important prerequisite for the market launch of these products is their ability to meet the previously defined requirements, particularly safety and reliability.

In this perspective, we proposed a framework for the early analysis of the functional behavior of cognitive products. We assume that the failure of a function is linked with a system internal state transition. It is then possible to model the sequencing of different possible states, and by this means different functional failures which lead to critical feared states, thus, taking into account the random nature of the occurring failures. The approach presented is explained using an extended stochastic petri net with switching time to model the failure behavior of a cognitive walker


SHORTLY after sailing into Boston harbor aboard the ship Swallow in July 1656, Anne Austin and Mary Fisher found themselves in jail. The two Englishwomen had been stripped and searched for "witches teats," evidence that they suckled a demonic familiar. Recalling the ordeal later, Austin said that "she had not suffered so much in the birth of them all [her five children] as she had done under their barbarous and cruel hands."1 The women who had examined the matronly Austin and her companion, a former serving woman, had been thorough. Finding no strange marks or appendages between


Abstract. There is evidence that the ozone layer has begun to recover owing to the ban on the production of halogenated ozone-depleting substances (hODS) accomplished by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments and adjustments (MPA). However, recent studies, while reporting an increase in tropospheric ozone from the anthropogenic NOx and CH4 and confirming the ozone recovery in the upper stratosphere from the effects of hODS, also indicate a continuing decline in the lower tropical and mid-latitudinal stratospheric ozone. While these are indications derived from observations, they are not reproduced by current global chemistry–climate models (CCMs), which show positive or near-zero trends for ozone in the lower stratosphere. This makes it difficult to robustly establish ozone evolution and has sparked debate about the ability of contemporary CCMs to simulate future ozone trends. We applied the new Earth system model (ESM) SOCOLv4 (SOlar Climate Ozone Links, version 4) to calculate long-term ozone trends between 1985–2018 and compare them with trends derived from the BAyeSian Integrated and Consolidated (BASIC) ozone composite and MERRA-2, ERA-5, and MSRv2 reanalyses. We designed the model experiment with a six-member ensemble to account for the uncertainty
of the natural variability. The trend analysis is performed separately for the ozone depletion (1985–1997) and ozone recovery (1998–2018) phases of the ozone evolution. Within the 1998–2018 period, SOCOLv4 shows statistically significant positive ozone trends in the mesosphere, upper and middle stratosphere, and a steady increase in the tropospheric ozone. The SOCOLv4 results also suggest slightly negative trends in the extra-polar lower stratosphere, yet they barely agree with the BASIC ozone composite in terms of magnitude and statistical significance. However, in some realizations of the SOCOLv4 experiment, the pattern of ozone trends in the lower stratosphere resembles much of what is observed, suggesting that SOCOLv4 may be able to reproduce the observed trends in this region. Thus, the model results reveal marginally significant negative ozone changes in parts of the low-latitude lower stratosphere, which agrees in general with the negative tendencies extracted from the satellite data composite. Despite the slightly smaller significance and magnitude of the simulated ensemble mean, we confirm that modern CCMs such as SOCOLv4 are generally capable of simulating the observed ozone changes, justifying their use to project the future evolution of the ozone layer.


A method was presented for the simultaneous determination of thioglycolic acid(TGA) and isooctyl mercaptoaceta-te(TGB) in the reaction liquid by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The analysis was performed on a C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d) with 70∶30 acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase(adjusted to pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The samples were detected at 210 nm with an UV detector and the column temperature was 30 ℃.It was found that TGA and TGB could be well separated under the chromatographic conditions.The maximum relative standard deviations were 0.53% and 0.46% and the detection limits were 2.03×10-3 g/L and 6.11×10-3 g/L for TGA and TGB.The recoveries for TGA and TGB were 99.0%~100.8% and 99.1%~100.7%,respectively.


There is a constant need for assessment of potential allergenic and their patterns of cross-reactivity of genetically modified food (GMF) and pharmaceutical; in which novel proteins are introduced into the human food chain. The aspect for its identification is still in its nascent stage, which includes detection of motifs commonly, occurred in many allergens but rare in ordinary proteins. Transgenic proteins were used by GMF are evaluated on the basis of potential allergenic properties, identification of short identical amino acid sequences were detected from transgenic proteins In this study, bioinformatics approach had been used to detect the potential allergens motifs in amino acid sequences. The purpose of the analysis is to suggest a guideline for food safety, which will aid in human welfare and thereby, controlling the extra use of allergen based transgene introduced into the transgenic foods. Therefore, computationally predicted IgE epitopes from GMF allergen might be an ideal peptide-based novel candidate for immunotherapy.


Abstract Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with painful, itchy, scaly skin and disfiguring skin lesions. It is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. The immune system plays a key role in psoriasis. The lack of possible cure and associated disadvantages in allopathic medicines has led to extensive research in natural products with anti-psoriatic activity. Psoralea corilyfolia (Babchi oil) was found to be efficacious and cheap anti-psoriatic drug with least side effects as compared to the synthetic drugs used in the treatment of psoriasis. The aim of the present investigation was to explore the possibilities of using anti-psoriatic herbal drug in the topical dosage form and to design and develop biphasic drug delivery system of herbal anti-psoriatic drug in the form of emulgel. The effect of formulation variables on the responses were statistically evaluated by applying one-way ANOVA. 23 factorial design was implemented for optimization of microemulsion that contained three independent variables at two levels + 1 and −1. The two levels were decided on the basis of trial batches and their evaluation. The factorial batches were evaluated and the effect of individual variable was studied according to the response surface methodology. The optimized batch P8 was formulated on the basis of response surface plots and was evaluated for %EE and %DR followed by in vivo studies. From the in vitro studies, formulation P8 presented maximum release of 94.20% in 6 hrs. The formulation P8 was comparable with marketed Tacrolimus ointment. The results indicated that the optimized batch containing drug P. corilyfolia (Babchi oil) exhibited good results. Thus, the results indicate that an effective herbal formulation containing Babchi oil can be prepared overcoming the side effects posed by synthetic drugs. Keywords: Psoriasis, Babchi oil, emulgel


In text classification field,the efficiency and classification accuracy of the traditional classification algorithm will degrade when the training set is overlap and with high dimensions.So a new approach of text classification is propose based on rough set and RVM theory.Firstly,the documents are denoted by vector space model and then the feature vector is reduced by using rough sets,so the redundancy data can be deleted from the decision table. Secondly the documents are classed by RVM which has some advantages,such as,the relevance vectors is less than SVM,nonsensitive to the noise and need not to adjust the parameter.It combines the strength of Rough set with RVM techniques and overcomes the RVM' s weaknesses.Finally some experiments are carried out to compare the efficiency and classification accuracy with different classification algorithm.Results show that the proposed method achieves significant performance improvement.


AbstractThis chapter aims to provide a conceptual framework on risk and uncertainty, with the goal of helping the reader gain a better understanding of how risk is measured and managed. Beginning with Luca Pacioli until the recent development in the discipline of risk management, the theoretical and historical framework is built around the concept of risk and uncertainty. The major contribution of the Classical Economics School is analyzed in order to investigate the relationship between profit and uncertainty. Throughout the five centuries which separate Luca Pacioli from the present, scholars have shared some common thoughts and ideas on the subject of risk and uncertainty. However several notable judgments still remain. This chapter illustrates the beliefs of Marginalists in the insignificant role of risk management in the progress of the society. As a consequence, the Marginalists, aware of the potential negative effects of including risk and uncertainty in their models, chose to avoid the problem by relegating them to simple assumptions. Later in the chapter, it is shown that in the 19th century the study of risk re-emerged drawing the attention of several scholars to uncertainty in the production process. The subsequent part of the chapter is dedicated to the systematization of the concepts developed in the last century by the respected academic scholar, Frank Knight. Since 1921, both scholars and practitioners have widely investigated the relationship between risk and return in order to determine if investors are well rewarded for the risk they retain. The final part of the chapter includes the contribution of Markowitz to the subject of portfolio selection and diversification, and that of Sharpe and Lintner to the areas of capital asset pricing. It also includes contributions of other followers framed in the modern theory of Finance. This leads us to the conclusions where risk management is shown as an independent discipline in the field of finance.


The paper introduces the novel concept of using a subjective factor based multi-agent system for modeling, analyzing and predicting the behavior of crowds in various test environments. The final aim of the project is to assist in the designing of environments like stadia, cinema halls, etc., with crisis aversion and control as the guiding paradigms. The model of a virtual cinema hall based on the principles introduced in the paper is developed and discussed.


The article is devoted to the description of the principles of advertising slogans' organization on the examples of home and foreign advertisements. In accordance with these principles the author dwells upon the main syntactical constructions which reveal the meaning of advertising slogans, their place and typology in the system of advertising text production.


We consider an inhomogeneous oriented percolation model introduced by de Lima, Rolla and Valesin. In this model, the underlying graph is an oriented rooted tree in which each vertex points to each of its d$$ d $$ children with "short" edges, and in addition, each vertex points to each of its dk$$ {d}^k $$ descendant at a fixed distance k$$ k $$ with "long" edges. A bond percolation process is then considered on this graph, with the prescription that independently, short edges are open with probability p$$ p $$ and long edges are open with probability q$$ q $$ . We study the behavior of the critical curve qc=qc(p,k,d)$$ {q}_c={q}_c\left(p,k,d\right) $$ : we find the first two terms in the expansion of qc$$ {q}_c $$ as k→∞$$ k\to \infty $$ . We also prove limit theorems for the percolation cluster in the supercritical, subcritical and critical regimes.


The understanding of recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs at defect sites is a key enabler to develop bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanodes at scale and low cost for photoelectrochemi...


Objective:To study the application of low-dose multi-slice spiral CT scanning of breast.Methods:One hundred and eighty-five patients with palpable mass of breast received multi-slice spiral CT scanning,among them,78 were standard dose CT scanning and 107 were low-dose CT scanning.Comparison of the quality of the images from normal breast and disease signs were carried out in these two groups.Results:Among 185 cases,100 normal cases and 85 abnormal cases were observed by both methods.There was no difference in image quality,normal structure and the manifestation rate of disease signs between the two groups.Conclusion:The low-dose spiral CT scanning was able to display the breast and its surrounding structures and provided similar diagnostic and differential diagnostic informations as those obtained from standard dose CT scanning.


In this paper we study the message detection (MD) problem for a chip-asynchronous random access (RA) multiple antennas receiver and a Rayleigh block-fading AWGN channel with a pure path delay. Although our approach can be used to detect users in a grant-free random access system, where each user sporadically and without waiting for a permission from a base station (BS) transmits a short message, we in particular consider unsourced random access (U-RA), where those messages are from a common codebook. The first and arguably the most important task of the U-RA receiver is to detect the list of transmitted messages. Due to the propagation through the considered channel, those messages are received as a superposition at the BS with delays. In order to reduce the overhead for timing synchronisation, which would be wasteful for short messages, in this work we provide an asynchronous operating mode for MD in U-RA. To do this, we show that when using a chip matched filter at the BS, the contribution of each transmitted message in the sampled received signal can be described as a superposition of two zero-padded versions of that message. We include this observation in the compressed sensing (CS) formulation of the MD problem, and solve it using the multiple measurement vectors approximate message passing (MMV-AMP) algorithm and a dedicated 2-level hierarchical sparsity (2-LHS) denoiser. Our numerical experiments show that the proposed scheme can accurately detect U-RA messages in the considered channel without any overhead for timing synchronization.


The current controversial issue is focused on pediatric tonsillectomy, a surgical procedure that is learned early during specialist training and performed by almost all otolaryngologists worldwide. Besides being the most frequent ENT surgery, it is also one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgeries. Having said this, it becomes clear that tonsillectomy must be a simple procedure not reserved only for experienced academic surgeons. At first glance it is not clear if there are any controversial issues to discuss. However, surgery is not restricted to the technical procedure within the operating theater but is part of a larger concept including indication for, and success of this surgery. Analyses of complications as well as long-term results are further cornerstones to evaluate the utility of a surgical procedure. Having a closer look at the history of tonsillectomy, it becomes quickly clear that barely any other ENT surgery has undergone so many changes regarding the frequency, indication and technique as tonsillectomy did. Regarding technique and indications, a very nice overview is given in two of the articles in this issue by Hultcrantz and Ericsson [1] and Gysin [2] . While tonsillectomy started to be a surgery for recurrent infections, it has meanwhile become mainly indicated to treat sleep apnea. However, new entities such as idiopathic fever syndromes like PFAPA syndrome [3] or as recently reported even neuropsychological syndromes emerge as possible indications [4] . More interestingly, besides medical indications, specialist training [5] and geosocioeconomic factors seem to influence the indication for tonsillectomy [6] . Tonsillectomy rates are sometimes dramatically divergent from one country to the other [7] . Being a physician's or lawyer's child decreases, whereas having elevated insurance status or parents who had tonsillectomy increases the child's risk for this surgery [8, 9] . Soft interpretation of surgical indications is not a problem restricted to tonsillectomy and can be found in most medical specialties [10] . However, pediatric tonsillectomy is particular in that it is an almost exclusive elective surgery, the decision is not taken by the patient himself and it holds a yet still debated rate of fatal or even lethal complications [11, 12] . Recent events in Austria, where several young children died from postoperative hemorrhage within a few months, showed how Published online: August 22, 2013 www.karger.com/orl DOI: 10.1159/000348659


Vulcanized natural rubber was chemically characterized using three Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques: attenuated total reflectance-microscopy-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoacoustic-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Two thermal analysis were also used: thermogravimetry and thermogravimetry-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Physical characterization of vulcanized natural rubber was done using scanning electron microscopy as well as mechanical testing. The chemical and physical data was correlated in order to determine if any consistencies between changes in physical and chemical properties were present. It was found that the physical changes occurring in the artificially aged samples closely resembled the changes found in many museum artifacts. These physical changes included: cracking, hardening and embrittlement as well as softening of the material. Chemical analysis indicates that oxidative degradation of the material has occurred due to accelerated ageing of the samples; however was no specific structural change occurring in the material that was found to be linked to a specific physical sign of degradation.


We present the fi rst geological map of the Neruda Quadrangle (H13), Mercury. H13 is in Mercury ' s southern hemisphere between latitudes 22.5°S – 65°S, and longitudes 90°E – 180° covering a total area of just under 5 million km², equivalent to 6.5% of the planet ' s surface. Map digitisation was carried out at scales between 1:300,000 and 1:700,000 for fi nal presentation at 1:3,000,0000, from end-of-mission data products from NASA ' s MESSENGER mission. We distinguish three main photogeologic plains units: intercrater, intermediate, and smooth plains. We also distinguish all craters and their materials ≥ 20 km in diameter based on their degradation state. We have completed two versions of the map, one using a three-class crater degradation scheme and one using a fi ve-class crater degradation scheme. In addition, speci fi c geological units were charted for the Rembrandt impact basin. This map has been constructed to provide context and targets for the ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury.


september 2008  35 © 2008 Human Kinetics · Att 13(5), pp. 35-38 INJURY is a frequent consequence of being an athlete or participating in recreational sport. Each year in the United States, it is estimated that 7 million child and adult sport participants sustain injuries1 and more than 2 million sport injuries result in an emergency room visit, surgery, and/or rehabilitation.2 When athletes become injured, physical limitations are much more obvious than mental limitations. An adequate rehabilitation program, including both physical and psychological intervention, is essential for most athletes to reach full recovery. Due to a high percentage of nonadherence (30–91%) to sport injury rehabilitation programs,3,4 psychological skills may be used to increase adherence and subsequently decease recovery time. Goal setting and mental imagery (with relaxation) can be used to improve adherence, the most common behavioral problem following sport injury.5 Along with improvements in adherence to integrating mental skills into the rehabilitation program, athletes could experience an increase in self-confidence and motivation, as well as a reduction in anxiety and pain associated with rehabilitation.


The paper by Eilifsen, Knivsfla and Saettem, in this issue of the journal, provides some interesting research results in the field of accounting and taxation. Contrary to most European research in this area, Eilifsen, Knivsfla and Saettem apply a theoretical, deductive, model-based approach in the positive accounting tradition, and reach the somewhat provocative conclusion that linking taxable income to accounting income reduces managers' incentives to manipulate (overstate) earnings. Their theoretical results, supporting a view of the link between taxable income and accounting income as an automatic safeguard against overstatements of earnings, is a meritorious contribution to the current debate. For example, their results should be of interest for legislators and other authorities who consider a change to less dependence between accounting and taxation. However, from my perspective, the paper by Eilifsen, Knivsfla and Saettem also gives rise to some criticism related to (i) the use of a model-based approach, and (ii) the applicability of the earnings manipulation approach.


The idea of the current article is to identify the influence of stakeholders on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the specific company. In general, by following CSR principles the company is trying to pursue two goals, which are the following: to be socially responsible and to create a good image in society to get higher profit. The important point is to decide which stakeholders have a strong influence on corporate social responsibility in order to develop strong relations with them and to build an effective CSR program. Thus, as the result of the application of the current method the company would be able to understand, with which stakeholders to develop its relations in order to improve its image in the external environment. The task of evaluating stakeholder influence on company SR quantitatively is quite complicated. Thus, a special method that combines expert judgments with quantitative evaluation needs to be applied. For this purpose, method based on Analytic Hierarchy Process is suggested to be used in the article. As a result of the method application, we receive the overall estimation of stakeholder influence on company SR. The latter permits us to decide with which stakeholders to work more actively. To conduct the calculations Expert Choice 11 computational toolkit was used.


The manufacturing techniques for selectively forming an interconnect structure including the optional post vias and these posts are disposed on an upper surface of the lower-level interconnect feature is disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a minimum interconnect line spacing can be maintained regardless of the registration errors in the via opening. In embodiments, the selective Via post has a smaller lateral dimension than the bottom of the via opening is disposed inside the post. Conductive via post may be formed on the upper surface of the lower interconnect feature exposed by the via opening. The dielectric material is subsequently deposited will peeling back the portion of the via opening which extends beyond the conductive via any post also not forming interconnect features. An upper-level interconnect features is put on the selective Via posts are electrically interconnected with the lower level features.


The classroom, the teacher and the students, mostly, through their activities and contacts, as well as their daily presence and personality form the classroom atmosphere that is unique and different from any other (Bikos, 2004: 104. cf. also: Bakirtzis, 2002) and it helps or hinders the school progress of each student and school process in general. In this action research we tried to record the typical situation of social interaction between members of a classroom, that is, we investigated its structure and function, in order to see whether its authoritarian, democratic or promiscuous function affects the interaction-meeting, the relationshipinterdependence and interaction between students as well as between students and the teacher.


The reason the project is to investigate companies and wood industry companies in the metalworking industry in the province of Cordoba (Argentina) during the period 2004-2006, with the following assumptions: 1) The factors causing the crisis in the company are of interno.2) The internal factors may be controlled by empresa.3) The achievement of the objectives of the company are dependent on factors internos.4) The internal factors may be functional or dysfunctional behaviors. 5) The dysfunctional behaviors lead the company to the crisis.


Dynamic muscle discord (DMD) is a fundamental concept in facial soft tissue augmentation with dermal fillers, particularly in perioral rejuvenation and lip enhancement. It is frequently observed in patients with facial skeletal and soft tissue deficiencies. The lack of adequate structural support may result in compensatory muscle hypertonicity or confer a mechanical advantage in certain muscle groups over their antagonistic counterparts. This discord in activity between the various muscle groups can affect the posture and profile of mobile facial features both at rest and during facial expression. Unfortunately, despite being a condition that commonly presents to varying degrees in patients seeking lip enhancement, DMD is often poorly diagnosed and undertreated. The author describes the causes, consequences and treatment of this condition in relation to the perioral region, as illustrated by a case study discussion.


The effect of giberellin on growt of sugar palm in nursery ( Arenga pinnata Merr). Application of giberellin were done to know effect on the growth of sugar palm seed. The research  used randomized block design with 5 levels of  0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 200 ppm. The parameters observed were seed height, leaf sum, leaf chlorophyl, steam diametre, wide leaf, fresh weight of crown, fresh weight of root, dry weight of crown and dry weight of root. The result of research showed that effect of giberellin  significantly on  seed height 10, 12, 14 weeks after planting and the optimum concentrate was on 200 ppm and not significantly number of leaf, chlorofil content, steam diametre, wide leaf, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot and dry weight of root. Keywords : sugar palm, giberellin, growth.


Two further finds of Keratobrachyops australis Warren (Amphibia, Temnospondyli, Chigutisauridae) from the Early Triassic Arcadia Formation of Queensland provide new information concerning skull characters not noted in the holotype. The holotype of Xenobrachyops allos Howie (Amphibia, Temnospondyli, Brachyopidae) from the same locality is redescribed following the discovery of several features not previously noted. In addition, new but fragmentary brachyopoid material from the Arcadia and overlying Glenidal Formations provides information on derived character states within the superfamily. Controversy surrounds the correct familial composition of the superfamily Brachyopoidea, with the family Brachyopidae being allied by various authors with a diversity of other Triassic and Permian families. A cladistic analysis of a number of these families has been performed in an attempt to determine interfamilial relationships. Our results support a brachyopid-chigutisaurid dichotomy within the Brachyopoidea, but also...