Communication technologies, old or new, are pushing the development of telecommunication industry. Thus, technically performing a multimodal service session (e.g. one end is involved with data while the other end is with multimedia) is no longer a problem. People are gaining interests in managing these multimodal services by considering the choice and preference of users. This research brings in a four-option decision mechanism to intelligently process a multimodal service and may ensure a successful and friendly communication session for two reasons. Firstly, this mechanism provides four extra options for a service that may fail in current communication systems. After three extra tries, the service session will most probably succeed. Secondly, the user make decisions them by setting the rules of how to make proper decisions in advance


Tlie (heorelical propcrtics of • "Iwo-slep* teceplor, consisting of Iwo Indepcndenl moiccular entitles, a regulaloty (R) and an elTector (E) unit, whicli are supposcd lo dirruse (rccly in (he plane of a fluid and mosaic membrane, arc ptescnled. Tlic llgand (L)-liormone, diug, neu- lotransmltter-binds to the rcgulatory unit (first step), so thaï il then becomes abic to inleract with the errectur unit (second itep) which b then activated. (1) The relationship bind- Ing, and a Icsscr extent erfect, and tigand concentration is ncgatively coopérative; (2) Tiie dcgrec of négative cooperativily varies biphasically as funclion of tlie total concentrations of rcgulatory and effector unils; (3) The relationslilp between binding and effect Is non-lincar: a plausible explanallon for tlie existence ofa 'reccptor icservc'; (4) Kinctics of activation and Inacllvation be more o( Icss rapld kinclics of association and dissociation of the llgand. and Intégrale in a cohérent framcwork many data on membrane receptors. It could aiso be used to describe the Iwo-step interaction of steroids wllh their nu- dear receptors.


Current fluctuations in a dissipative two-state system have been studied using a novel quantum dynamics simulation method. After a transformation of the path integrals, the tunneling dynamics is computed by deterministic integration over the real-time paths under the influence of colored noise. The nature of the transition from coherent to incoherent dynamics at low temperatures is re-examined.


Technological developments and the addition of new features to existing applications or services require the inclusion of security mechanisms to protect the user. When using these mechanisms the user faces a tradeoff between more risky and more efficient or safer and less efficient use of the system. We discuss this tradeoff and present a novel complementary experimental system which provides researchers and corporations the ability to explore and model the usability and security tradeoff in the context of user interaction with security systems and psychological acceptability, even before the actual development and implementation processes have ended.


Do you have a difficult problem to solve? Are you writing a grant proposal involving several stakeholders? Do you want to gather user feedback on a resource, tool, or service? Or perhaps you need to improve a process or way of working in a team? To address problems such as these, we recommend holding an interactive workshop. We find that the dynamic nature of such workshops encourages creative thought and can quickly yield ideas and solutions [1].

Our ten simple rules aim to empower you to design and lead your own successful interactive workshops. We define an "interactive workshop" as a structured set of facilitated activities for groups of participants who work together to explore a problem and its solutions, over a specific period of time, in one location. Participants can be users, potential users, team members, customers, or stakeholders. Figure 1 shows a typical layout; note if you have five or fewer participants, consider having just one group.

Figure 1

Example room layout for an interactive workshop.

An interactive workshop is distinct from a standard meeting because it aims to stimulate creativity through collaborative working. A meeting, in contrast, usually involves planning and reporting work with attendees sharing their individual points; it does not involve group activities "live" in the meeting. Also, meetings may be an hour or less, whereas the minimum time needed for an interactive workshop is 2–3 hours.

We also do not include training workshops, talks, or seminars in our definition, because from our experience they tend to comprise lectures and tutorials, not brainstorming activities. However, it could be possible to have an interactive workshop session as part of a longer training course.


To fully exploit the advantages and the potential of new parallel computer systems, it is necessary to design suitable parallel algorithms. In fact, for speeding-up the computation, parallel algorithms for both architectures and new languages are needed. The appropriate implementation of these algorithms on parallel processors is crucial and requires new programming skills. Therefore, in order to exploit the strength of parallel systems, it has become increasingly important to define a parallel-programming methodology. In this paper, a methodology based on the computation graph, for designing structured algorithms for parallel-logic programming will be described. The proposed methodology aims both to improve system performance and to allow unskilled users to define and to implement parallel-logic programs. As an application of the proposed methodology, an algorithm has been completely developed and its performance is described below. The parallel-logic language STRAND running on a Hypercube Intel-iPSC/2 system has been used.


At the outset, I thank the Tuberculosis Association of India for selecting me for this Award. I am accepting this honour with the blessings of all the veterans and learned scholars in the field of tuberculosis in India for my future guidance.
The subject I have chosen for the review is "Drug Resistance" which as you all know, is of most contemporary interest. The review covered all aspects of drug resistance in tubercle bacilli, particularly the genetic, biochemical and bacteriological aspects and also dealt briefly on the epidemiological control of tuberculosis. Time does not permit me to deal with all the aspects in detail. Hence, I am constrained to limit to a very brief presentation of all the salient aspects of my review


Nanostructured Indium(III) oxide (In2O3) films deposited by low temperature pulsed electron deposition (LPED) technique on customized alumina printed circuit boards have been manufactured and characterized as gas sensing devices. Their electrical properties have monitored directly during deposition to optimize their sensing performance. Experimental results with oxidizing (NO2) as well as reducing (CO) gases in both air and inert gas carriers are discussed and modeled.


Objective: Deficiency of Vitamin D has been linked in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and multiple sclerosis. Deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with high susceptibility of the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also with increased disease activity in patients with RA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of vitamin D in patients with RA, assess the correlation between serum level of Vitamin D and disease severity.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, comparative study conducted on 100 participants, 50 cases of RA and 50 healthy controls, all in the age group of 18–75 years. Serum Vitamin D levels were measured and compared in cases and controls.Results: Ninety two percent patients belonging to the RA group were Vitamin D deficient, whereas only twenty four percent belonging to the control group had Vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and RA disease severity. The mean serum Vitamin D levels were 34.36ng/ml,32.25±0.395ng/ml, 22.70±4.787ng/ml and 16.41±2.911ng/ml in the remission, low disease activity, moderate disease activity, and high disease activity groups, respectively.Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are more common in patients with RA. In this study Vitamin D deficiency was related to RA patients with older age, RA with female gender and a higher degree of RA activity.


The existing intelligent evaluation models of the evaluation accuracy of mobile network software all have some disadvantages, such as poor evaluation accuracy and large evaluation error. Therefore, the intelligent evaluation model of fine mobile network software evaluation accuracy is put forward to study on the intelligent evaluation model of the evaluation accuracy of mobile network software. The data acquisition card is used to collect the evaluation data of fine mobile network software, and it is pre-processed by data checking and data cleaning. Based on the pre-processed data, Bootstrap sampling method is used to obtain the evaluation data. Based on the accurate evaluation data of fine mobile network software, this paper uses integrated learning algorithm to intelligently evaluate the accuracy of fine mobile network software evaluation. The intelligent evaluation of the accuracy of fine mobile network software evaluation is realized. The experimental results show that compared with the existing intelligent evaluation model for the accuracy of fine mobile network software, the intelligent evaluation model for the accuracy of fine mobile network software improves the evaluation accuracy and reduces the evaluation error. It fully shows that the intelligent evaluation model of fine mobile network software evaluation accuracy has better evaluation performance


Aureobasidium pullulans AP8,an original strain conserved in our laboratory,was treated with both EMS(ethyl methyl sulfonate) and UV(ultraviolet) to screen a high yield strain for pullulan production.The best mutation results were obtained through EMS treatment for 40 —60 min at a final concentration of 0.4 mol/L followed by UV irradiation for 1.5—2.5 min at a distance of 30 cm.A genetically stable mutant named as UV60 was obtained which is high in pullulan production(22.1 g/L) and low in pigment content.The mutant strain was markedly superior to the starting strain AP8 in terms of colony color,size and texture as well as fermentation performance.Using one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal array design methods,the optimal shake fermentation medium for this mutant to produce pullulan was composed of 50.0 g/L sugar,1.5 g/L yeast extract,1.5 g/L NaCl,0.3 g/L MgSO4,2.0 g/L K2HPO4and 0.7 g/L(NH4)2SO4,resulting in a pullulan yield of 27.24 g/L and a conversion rate of 54.48% for polysaccharides.


The first example of an asymmetric cyclization-dimerization of (ortho-alkynyl phenyl) (methoxymethyl) sulfides with a palladium(II) bisoxazoline (box) catalyst has been developed. The box ligand enhances the alkynophilicity of benzothienyl palladium(II) intermediate A and thus promotes coordination of the second alkyne substrate, leading to the dimerization. The characteristic properties of the box ligand were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the intermediate. Axially chiral bibenzothiophenes were obtained in good yields with good enantioselectivities.


Laser welding of transparent high performance polymer foils requires an additional absorption layer at the interface of both foils. This paper demonstrates that metallic nano-particles, e.g. gold, silver or copper, can act as such an absorption layer. Silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of 200 μm thick ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) polymer foils by evaporation processes or by magnetron sputtering. For their additional mechanical stabilization, thin films produced by plasma polymerisation of hexamethyldisilazane or PTFE-polymer sputtering were deposited on top of the metal nanoparticles. Laser irradiation of the coated foil together with the untreated joining partner was performed by a continuous wave diode laser at a wavelength of 808 nm. With the defocused laser, the foils were welded and finally a nearly transparent welding seam was achieved. The nanostructure and the optical properties of the nanoparticle layer before laser irradiation were determined and compared with the nanostructure and the optical properties of the polymer metal nanocomposite after laser welding.


Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a technique that employs radar waves to survey subsurface geological or man-made structures. In this survey, a high resolution, high frequency Pulse EKKO 1000 system using operating frequencies of 225, 450 and 900 MHz was used to detect subsurface structural and sedimentological features in the Triassic sandstones of Thurstaston Common, Wirral, England. The Pulse EKKO 1000 system is essentially a continuous profiling system where transducers are moved across a survey line at approximately constant velocity. Measured fix points are appended to the profile as surveying takes place. The mode of operation for the survey was single fold, fixed offset, reflection profiling and a typical 20 m survey line at Thurstaston generated about 2 megabytes of data. An estimation of radar wave velocity versus depth was made from a common mid point method (CMP) where the direct ground wave gave a radar wave velocity of 0.08 nsec per metre for the Triassic sandstones. Digital GPR data require considerable editing and processing to produce a final image. Processing techniques widely used in seismic data processing were adapted for use in the processing of radar profiles. All data display and processing was achieved using Pulse EKKO software running on a 486 personal computer.


An axial thrust bearing system comprises a rolling bearing (6) which comprises an upper race (7) secured to an upper cover (4), a lower race (8) secured to a bearing seat (5), rolling elements (9) between the two races, and a cage (10) for retaining these rolling elements. At least one of the races consists of a part separate from the upper cover or from the bearing seat. The cage comprises a framework portion(15) keeping the rolling elements (9) on a rolling circumference, a first lip (16a, 16d) and a second lip (16b, 16c) each extending radially from a periphery of the framework respectively towards the outside and towards the inside of the rolling circumference (17). The first and the second lips (16a-16b, or 16d-16c) are both in sealed contact, on either side of the separate part, with a substantially radial surface portion of the upper cover (4a) or of the bearing seat (5a).


The Mobile School System, organized in 1852, was the pioneer of common schools in Alabama and in the Southeast, and prepared the way for the establishment of a public school system for the State. The early struggles of the system, the prejudices which were wrought against it, the affection and confidence of the community, and its beneficent influence upon public education make the history of these schools of unusual interest and value. It is believed that the superintendent of schools, more than any other single person in a community, influences the quality and structure of a school system., Thus, it may be expected that the ideas and ideals and the philosophies and programs of a superintendent who served as long as did Samuel S. Murphy would be reflected^n every area of the school program. That we might gauge his impact on the Mobile School System and his influence on its development from 1900 to 1926 was the purpose of this study. Murphy was born in Pleasant Ridge, Alabama, on October 8, I867. He received his early education at Archibald institute in Pleasant Ridge and attended high school at the Verner Military Academy in Tuscaloosa. x Following his graduation from high school in 1888, Murphy entered the University of Alabama as a sophomore and subsequently was awarded every honor which the University could confer upon a student. Upon receipt of the B.A. degree in 1890, he was called to the Mobile Public School System where he served as teacher, principal, and superintendent, and to which system he devoted the remainder of his life. Murphy was genial, kind, and friendly. He was popular, not only in educational circles, but in civic and social life as well. Modesty was an outstanding trait of his character. He declined to boast of his accomplishments and discouraged his friends from doing so. He worked for, with, and through people to bequeath to the community a system of schools of which it could well be proud. His leadership was characterized by diplomacy and persuasion, unifying the system largely through his powerful, yet gentle personality and enabled the Mobile system to be rated among the best in the State and the equal of any in the South. Although the impact of his leadership was reflected in every facet of the system, significant progress and notable gains were made in: teacher training programs, teacher certification, professionalism in the corps of teachers, curriculum enrichment, vocational education opportunities, health and welfare services, provision of adequate housing, school consolidation, promotion of equal educational opportunities in rural areas, development of the supervising principalship, and instructional supervision. Not the least notable contribution was his crusade for adequate financing of public education. He believed that good schools were expensive and stated this fact forthrightly...but stated also that no expense should be spared for the sake of children. In tracing Murphy's influence on the development of I the Mobile School System during this period, the following sources were examined: the Minutes of the Board of School Commissioners of Mobile County, Annual Reports of the Superintendent to the Board and the Department of Education for the State of Alabama, Books of Rules and Regulations of the Board, School Directories, letters from and to Murphy, professional journals, Mobile newspapers, and interviews with persons who were associated professionally with him.


Abstract There is much interest in understanding the nature of active sites in microporous catalysts and molecular adsorption at such sites. This paper describes investigation of both aluminosilicate and silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) forms having the chabazite structure. The nature of the Bro nsted acid sites formed in these materials has been studied using first principles electronic structure calculations, working with periodic boundary conditions to represent the full framework structure. Results are presented for the energetics, geometry and charge density of such acid sites, and the implications for molecular adsorption in zeolite catalysts discussed.


Data mining is an important method of building intelligent decision support system, association rule is an important content of data mining. Apriori, the traditional algorithm, can only discovery the qualitative associated relation among data, but the quantitative associated relation is more helpful in decision making. Mapping attribute's value into discrete characters is a key step in mining quantitative association rules, in which the partition granularity of attribute's value is a key factor affecting the quality of the result of data mining. In this paper, by integrating the theory of rough sets,a method of mapping attribute's value into discrete character with a fine value partition granularity is developed, and then a new algorithm of mining quantitative association rules, Apriori2, is presented. Many rules which are helpful in decision making can be mined by Apriori2.


Greenhouse growers would like to choose an optimum plastic film for their greenhouse production. In parallel, greenhouse supply industry is looking for quantitative information on their product performance. All are looking for answers on the following questions: which film do I need to create an optimum greenhouse climate? Which one do I need to choose for low energy consumption, or for low summer temperatures? What will be my crop yield under the different films? Is an expensive but long-lasting film economic feasible (for my crop, my climate, etc.)? Models can help to find answers to these and other questions and are faster and often cheaper than agronomic trials.


Multiresolution transforms have been shown to be effective for a variety of digital signal processing tasks. Recently, the task of adapting these usually fixed transforms to the statistics of the data has attracted much attention. So far, however, the methods proposed have been based exclusively on the second-order statistics of the signal. We show how to take into account higher order statistics to estimate a multiresolution transform from white data. The method is tested on speech data from the TIMIT database and is shown to give filters well adapted to the structure of the data.


The increasing demand for crop production has resulted in the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which is a problem due to toxic residuals. However, the application of biochar has been used to absorb pesticides to reduce contaminants in soil and increase soil fertility and spring onion growth. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of biochar on chemical residual adsorption in the soil, as well as the yield and growth of spring onions. The experimental field was located at a farm in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand. Three treatments were implemented in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications: 1) raw rice husk (RH), 2) rice husk biochar (RHB) and 3) rice straw biochar (RSB). The results showed that the growth of spring onions under RSB and RH was greater than under RHB. The highest fresh yields were obtained when RSB (18 t/ha) was applied, which caused significant improvements in soil fertility, especially due to the high CEC and porosity of RSB. In addition, under biochar amendment, the adsorbed amounts of carbamate (9.18-9.31 mg/kg) and organophosphate (0.20-0.29 mg/kg) pesticides in spring onions decreased compared with those in spring onions in the RH amendment, and the soil concentrations also decreased (<10 mg/kg for both carbamate and organophosphate pesticides). The results suggested that biochar has the potential to reduce the residual chemicals in spring onions and soil more than raw rice husk, which is the current agricultural practice.


This paper analyses the crisis types and problems in Luoyang tourism scenic areas as to provide references for the managers to make the relevant crisis management content and pattern.


A bicycle component is provided essentially with an arrangement of a wireless electrical power transmission and with an arrangement for wireless communication. The arrangement for the wireless transmission of electrical power comprises a power transmitter and power receiver for transmitting in a wireless manner, an electric power from the power transmitter, to said recipient. The arrangement for wireless communication includes a first communication unit and a second communication unit. The first and second communication units are spaced from each other to communicate in a wireless manner, starting from one of the first and second communication units toward the other of the first and second communication units. The arrangement for the wireless communication is spaced apart from the arrangement for the wireless transmission of electric power by a predetermined distance which is greater than 5.0 mm.


Lattice regularization is a standard technique for the nonperturbative definition of a quantum theory of fields. Several approaches to the construction of a quantum theory of gravity adopt this technique either explicitly or implicitly. A crucial complement to lattice regularization is the process of renormalization through which a continuous description of the quantum theory arises. I provide a comprehensive conceptual discussion of the renormalization of lattice-regularized quantum gravity models. I begin with a presentation of the renormalization group from the Wilsonian perspective. I then consider the application of the renormalization group in four contexts: quantum field theory on a continuous nondynamical spacetime, quantum field theory on a lattice-regularized nondynamical spacetime, quantum field theory of continuous dynamical spacetime, and quantum field theory of lattice-regularized dynamical spacetime. The first three contexts serve to identify successively the particular issues that arise in the fourth context. These issues originate in the inescability of establishing all scales solely on the basis of the dynamics. While most of this discussion rehearses established knowledge, the attention that I pay to these issues, especially the previously underappreciated role of standard units of measure, is largely novel. I conclude by briefly reviewing past studies of renormalization of lattice-regularized quantum gravity models. In the second paper of this two-part series, I illustrate the ideas presented here by proposing a renormalization group scheme for causal dynamical triangulations.


In fiber reinforced cement composites, the transmission of forces between the fibers and the matrix is achieved through interfacial bond. No composite action can take place without bond which is thus considered a paramount controlling variable in design. The main components of bond include physical and chemical adhesion, friction, mechanical anchorage, and fiber-to-fiber interlock. For fiber reinforced cementitious composites, bond is mostly tested through single fiber pull-out during which the applied load and the fiber slip are measured leading to a pull-out load versus slip relationship, from which a bond stress versus slip curve is derived. Such a curve can be considered a fundamental constitutive relation for bond and can vary in nature from brittle to ductile with slip-softening to sliphardening characteristics. Based on years of prior research and personal experience, this paper summarizes key information on bond, how it is best characterized by a bond stress versus slip response, and what variables influence its main properties, including the effects of improved adhesion, mechanical anchorage, matrix fineness, matrix strength, fiber surface conditions, rate of loading, and early age.


1. Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov, 410071Russia, e—mail 2. Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the RussianAcademy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov, 410019 Russia.3. Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, 410071 Russia.ABSTRACTThe basic principles of light scattering methods which should be


MRS BULLETIN • VOLUME 33 • JUNE 2008 • www.mrs.org/bulletin 579 Crystal Structure for Approximate Optical Invisibility Cloaking Proposed Electromagnetic cloaking of materials has long been fantasized in science fiction tales, but has recently been shown to be theoretically possible. Experimentally, limited forms of cloaking have been realized in the microwave region of the spectrum. Significant work is underway to investigate approaches to cloaking in the optical region of the spectrum. D. Xiao and H. Johnson, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, propose a photonic crystal structure capable of approximate cloaking in the optical regime. Their calculations, reported in the April 15 issue of Optics Letters (p. 860), show that anisotropy in an axisymmetric silicon photonic crystal can serve as a waveguide to bend light around an object. Xiao and Johnson develop a cloaking schema based upon a perfectly layered silicon and air structure that provides approximate cloaking in the optical regime. As opposed to an ideal cloak, a refractive index matched material, this approximate scheme uses a multiply layered structure to guide the light around an obstacle and prevent it from entering the object, as illustrated in Figure 1. The photonic band structure of the proposed axisymmetric crystal structure in silicon results in a tangential index of refraction of 1.13 and a radial index of 2.07, resulting in double action as both waveguide and waveblock. In order to establish a baseline for the efficacy of the cloak, the researchers conducted numerical experiments to compare the optical properties of the proposed cloak with those of an ideal cloak, both illuminated with a Gaussian beam of light. They used these simulations to predict the sensitivity of the cloak to the ratio of par ticle size to wavelength. Their analysis indicates that the index matched cloaking functions well when the object size is less than 0.05% of the wavelength of the incident light, but that these cloaks are very sensitive to material perturbations and fail as object size-to-wavelength ratio in creases. Though the cloak proposed here is approximate, these results show a potential way to engineer a cloaking device on a larger scale, said the researchers. ARTHUR FELDMAN


This dataset was obtained within the frame of the projects POLLINDUST (reference CGL2011-26259) and AEROATLAN (reference CGL2015-66299-P), funded by the Minister of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and by the European Regional Development Fund.


Cochlear implants (CIs) can lead to improved speech production in at least some children with profound hearing loss. One effect of hearing loss may be poor velopharyngeal control, but data on how CIs improve velopharyngeal function are sparse, especially at the segmental level. This work presents nasometer data for Greek-speaking children with CIs, ages 4–16 years, along with age- and gender-matched normally-hearing (NH) children. Children produced bisyllabic words where medial stop consonants were nasal, voiceless unaspirated, or voiced (which, in Greek, may be prenasalized). The nasal and oral microphone signals from the nasometer were used to demarcate words, consonants, and vowels. Compared to NH peers, children with CIs had greater nasalance in words with medial nasals, but not other consonant types. Comparisons of segmental data for a subset of matched CI–NH pairs showed that nasalance values were fairly similar for CI and NH children for nasals and voiceless stops, but the voiced stop varied across individuals. Whereas the NH children showed reduced nasalization in this word type with age, the children with CIs did not. Analyses based on segmental units should allow a more precise understanding of how cochlear implantation affects velopharyngeal control for speech.Cochlear implants (CIs) can lead to improved speech production in at least some children with profound hearing loss. One effect of hearing loss may be poor velopharyngeal control, but data on how CIs improve velopharyngeal function are sparse, especially at the segmental level. This work presents nasometer data for Greek-speaking children with CIs, ages 4–16 years, along with age- and gender-matched normally-hearing (NH) children. Children produced bisyllabic words where medial stop consonants were nasal, voiceless unaspirated, or voiced (which, in Greek, may be prenasalized). The nasal and oral microphone signals from the nasometer were used to demarcate words, consonants, and vowels. Compared to NH peers, children with CIs had greater nasalance in words with medial nasals, but not other consonant types. Comparisons of segmental data for a subset of matched CI–NH pairs showed that nasalance values were fairly similar for CI and NH children for nasals and voiceless stops, but the voiced stop varied across...


The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the response to Indonesia's economic growth caused by external shocks from the United States and China. The method used is VECM, because it is stationary at I (1) and there is cointegration. The estimation results show that the uncertainty of China's economic policies and the contribution of China's economic growth has a greater effect than the United States on Indonesia's economic growth. The shock of the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar was better than the rupiah exchange rate against the RMB. The shock of changes in oil prices was responded negatively by changes in Indonesia's economic growth. In the long term, there are no signs of a movement in response to changes in Indonesia's economic growth towards equilibrium (convergence).


A multi-layered composite scaffolds consisting of poly ( L- ne) ( P (LLA-CL) ), collagen (COL) and chitosan (CS) were fabricated by a bi-directional electrospinnlng method. Synthetic P (LLA-CL) was used as the middle layer to enhance the strength, while natural COL/CS blending (9: 1, v/v) was used as the bioactive surfaces (inner and outer layers ) to improve the biocompatibility. Each three transitional layers were set between inner/outer layer and middle layer for delamination resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fiber morphology. The Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) spectra, X- ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG) tests were used to analyze the physical properties of the scaffolds. The results showed that the modified clectrospinning method bad no negative effect on the components, crystal structure and thermostability of the scaffolds, but could effectively combine the mechanical property of synthetic material and biocompatibility of natural materials. Such method could be applied to the fabrication of composite scaffolds for vascular, skin. and nerve tissue engineering.


generalized flushing attack occurred, with blotchy erythematous skin changes together with an increase in pulse rate from 88 to 113, and hyperactive bowel sounds. The flushing episode lasted about ten minutes. The patient was admitted to the Cleveland Clinic Hospital for further studies. The blood hemoglobin content was 13.5 gm. per 100 ml., and a hematocrit reading was 42 percent. The standard urinalysis was normal. A fasting blood sugar determination, serologic tests, and serum determinations of sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide content, calcium, and phos- phorus, were normal. A qualitative urinalysis for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, serotonin, and 5-hydroxytryptophan was negative. A 24-hr. urine specimen showed no increased amounts of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; another 24-hr. specimen after administration of 1 gm. of 1-trypto-phan showed little change from the previous pattern. Roentgenograms of the chest and an intravenous urogram showed normal function. A roentgen survey of the upper and lower extremities, skull, and pelvis, showed evidence of lesions consistent with metastatic tumor in the right humerus, pubis, left femoral shaft, and the cal-varium; the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were normal; the colon showed only spasm. The attacks of low back pain radiating into the legs, along with generalized flushing continued to recur. An attempt was made to induce flushing attacks. Intravenous injections of 2,


The article deals with the use of such a method of revenue management as the use of booking curves. Based on the results of a study conducted by LLC Hotel Business Consulting jointly with hotel companies in Moscow, a great number of three-star hotels and those with more number of stars do not fully use existing methods of revenue management which affects the effectiveness of their activities. It was concluded that the three-star hotels in Moscow do not have a Revenue Manager as a position in the company's staff. Partial functionality in the sphere of Revenue Management is performed by employees from other departments such as Front Office, Sales and others. In this article, we give an example of the calculation of typical booking curves for three-star hotels, taking into account seasonality and typical segments. With the help of these typical booking curves, hotel companies will be able to function more efficiently.


Autistic Savants are proven to be differently abled, in this short publication on prime detection mental exercises as cognitive learning and as mathematics therapy. Mathematics, namely number theory is proven therapeutic and even natural to autistic patients, we prove the hypothesis that number theory as mathematical therapy is effective in improving coordination and beneficial in treating ASD symptoms.Keywords: ASD, prime number determination, autistic savants, mathematical testing, Alexa Skills, learning and Cognition.


The suitability of fluidised bed filters for tertiary cleaning of hot gases is evaluated. Overall collection efficiency at 800°C is predicted from theoretical and empirical models of fluidised bed filters based on tests under ambient conditions. Agreement is demonstrated with actual measurements of filter efficiency at 800°C when a liquid aerosol is used, indicating that the effect of temperature can be accounted for by its influence on the single particle collection efficiencies. Filtration of solid aerosols is limited by retention of the dust on the surface of the collector. Retention can be enhanced by addition of a liquid retention-aid to the collector surface, but is ultimately limited by defluidisation of the bed. The results for two types of retention-aid are presented. Good filtration efficiency is attained and there is further scope for its enhancement towards the limit of theoretical collection efficiency


The statistical information from the power department shows that service interruption of the customers of more than 80% is caused by distribution network fault.Whether the netwoek is reliatbility is of the greatest influence to customers.Thus,it is of an important significance on theory and practice to estimate the network reliability and improve the network supply reliability.The paper analyzes the network reliability,propose to improve measures and methods,especially in adopting the network reonsitution to increase reliability.


The European energy policy set the objective of reduction of 20% of energy demand and CO2 emission by 2020 and the building sector is at the centre of European interest. In fact the new initiative Smart City supports cities towards a 40% reduction of greenhouse gases emissions by 2020 through pioneering measures for buildings, energy grids and transportation. To which extents historic urban areas are included in these targets? The paper analyses several energy retrofit actions undertaken by European cities, to define a system of cultural values and local policies useful to public administrations for managing an acceptable adaptation of heritage architecture to new sustainability requirements of Smart Cities


The surface modification of waste rubber powders by sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane was investigated. The modification effects were characterized by the means of activation indexes, angles of contact, IR, TG and SEM. The modification mechanism was discussed. The results show that when the mass ratio of tetraethoxysilane and waste rubber powders is 1∶2, the reaction time is 6 h, the modification effect is best. A layer of inorganic network structure of SiO2is generated on the surface of modified waste rubber particles. The contact angle of the modified waste rubber powders with water decreases from 96 to 23° at room temperature, which indicates that the surface of waste rubber powders changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.


In the processing of information retrieval,the existence of polysemy and synonymy would lead to uncertainty,which reduces the effectiveness of information retrieval.A model based on mutual information is proposed,in which the uncertainty is captured by rough sets.At first,the mutual information between the words of the training corpus is counted,and then the mutual information is employed to build an equivalent relation through fuzzy clustering.An information retrieval model based on upper and lower approximations of rough sets is proposed and implemented in the light of equivalent relation.Experiments show that the model can get improvement of information retrieval.


Abstract Objective: Alcohol abusers are vulnerable to emotional disabilities. Studies have shown that alexithymia is significantly associated with alcohol dependence and many other phenotypic descriptors. Given the high phenotypic heterogeneity that characterizes the alcohol dependence syndrome, the study aims to assess alexithymia features according to a multivariate classification scheme of alcoholism – the Lesch Alcoholism Typology (LAT). Methods: A total of 274 alcohol dependence outpatients (DSM diagnosis) were recruited from the Alcoholism Unit of the Psychiatric Service of Santa Maria University Hospital. After a detailed clinical observation, subjects were evaluated with the alcoholism classification system (LAT) and self-rated alexithymia with the Toronto Alexithymic Scale – 20 items (TAS-20). Results: Data showed that almost half of the alcohol-dependent individuals were defined as alexithymic cases (48.5%). "Organic" alcohol-dependent patients (type IV of Lesch classification) presented higher scores in TAS-20 when compared to other subtypes, even after controlling for potential confounding factors. Furthermore, the TAS-20 scores were related to educational level and family history of alcoholism. Conclusions: Results indicate that the alexithymia construct is an important psychological dimension in the characterization of alcohol dependence, especially the alcohol-dependent phenotypes that are more likely to present co-existing organic complications.


The family name Qin is the most common one in Tujia,mainly in Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and other places.Varieties of academic perspectives concerning the origin of last name focuses on the Zhu′s descent from one of the five family names "Shen" of Ba people.Combining field research and documentaries,taking the family name Qin in Xie Jiaping Village in Songzi county for example,this paper maintains that it is reasonable to prove that the Qin family name is a descendent from the Zhu′s and one of the five family names "Shen" of Ba people.Meanwhile,the family name Qin in Shimen,Hunan is often pronounced as "Xin",reflecting Qin′s historical memory for the family name "Shen" of Ba people.


This article demonstrates the reception of Friedrich Nietzsche's thought by the poetry of Augusto dos Anjos (1884 1914), a brazilian poet who publishes his single poetic work Eu in 1912. The tragic principle wherewith the poet ironically operates the masks he wears and undresses throughout his work (which works organically as a great tragic piece); the apolinean energy with which he draws the images that carry such a lacerating (and therefore dionysiac) musicality are essential strategies of Augusto dos Anjos ́s poetry that certainly dialog with Nietzsche's poetic philosophy.


Abstract A one-layer reduced-gravity ocean model and a linear single-mode baroclinic atmosphere model are coupled to investigate the ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropics. The original Kraus-Turner formula is adopted to parameterize the entrainment in the ocean mixed layer and an external wind is imposed to sustain a basic state of the ocean. By examining the linear stability of the model, we show that the existence of ocean upwelling is one of the necessary conditions for eastward propagating instability. According to the upwelling's strength, the tropical ocean is separated into two regions, i.e., a stable region in the west and an unstable one in the cast. In the fully nonlinear experiment, oscillation with a period of several years appears, which is asymmetric between the warm and cold phases because of the existence of two different coupled instabilities. The eastward unstable mode is responsible for the warm phase, while the cold phase is attributed to the unstable Rossby mode, which advects w...


Embodiments described herein are for example, tri-provides an apparatus for improving the deposition uniformity by improving the plasma profiles with the cut (tri-cut) chamber liner. The apparatus also, the ratio includes a bottom heater support for efficient heating than of the lid assembly and the chamber wall having a process stack divided to reduce the same time.


Abstract This is a book that tells us as much about its author as it does about its subject. David Hockney, who needs no introduction, remains one of the fmest visual artists of the present time. A painter who has experimented with photographic 'combinations', computer art, stage design, and printmaking, he offers here a startling and controversial thesis on the relationship between the paintings of the Old Masters and various fonus of lens-based technology. In exploring this theme he reveals a mind constantly alive to the history of image making, and an innate, indeed unquenchable, love of the visual.


Changes in the peripheral airways in patients with bronchial asthma who were living in the Kawasaki industrial zone, region with severe air pollution, were morphologically investigated in order to determine the pathological conditions of such bronchial asthma, in particular ascertaining the effect of air pollution.


An analytical method for the estimation of basic dyes, such as crystal violet (C.I. Basic Violet 3), malachite green (C.I. Basic Green 4), and methylene blue (C.I. Basic Blue 9), in newsprint effluents and water samples has been developed. Several solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents available for sample preparation have been evaluated for concentrating the dyes prior to analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results show that only strong cation-exchange sorbents are capable of complete dye retention from newsprint effluents. However, a suitable eluent for the quantitative desorption of dyes from the strong cation-exchange sorbent was not found. All cation-exchange materials and some other sorbents retained dyes from dilute aqueous solutions. Unmodified silica was the most effective sorbent for recovering dyes dissolved in distilled water. Elution of dyes from the silica sorbent was achieved by countercurrent washing with a 1% solution of formic acid in aqueous methanol. For estimation of the dyes in effluents, a qualitative test is proposed that involves sorption of dyes from effluents onto a silica-based cation-exchange sorbent and comparison of the resulting color band (if dyes are present) with a standard template. Extraction results of newsprint samples in hot solvents show that, in water, no dye migrated from the paper. Application: Mill chemists can perform the test if the presence of the dyes in effluents is suspected.


Torque converter in automatic transmission transfers the engine power to transmission by ATF. It is connected on engine and have to withstand against high engine torque. Generally lug on torque converter is welded on front cover and is bolted to the drive plate of engine. Because of high engine torque, welding durability of lug is important. This paper discussed welding durability of lug through the static structural analysis and test. The static structural models of the lug and welding bead are developed by interfacing the finite element model. The static structural analysis of the lug is investigated by modeling the front cover assembly using Pro-E and analyzing with ANSYS. This paper is provided torque converter engineer with useful information for durability design.


In this paper we introduce the notion of weakly Ricci �� -symmetric�� -trans-Sasakian manifolds and study characteristic properties of locally �� -Ricci symmetric and �� -recurrent spaces. Finally, local symmetry of a generalized recurrent weakly symmetric�� -trans-Sasakian manifolds is discussed. Keyword: �� -trans-Sasakian manifolds, Weakly symmetric �� -trans-Sasakian manifolds.


A portable and compact system based on a He-3 gas tube (LND, USA; model 25311) with an sensitive area of approximately 250 cm≤ and covered with paraffin (9 cm) was used to detect and monitoring neutrons at g round level in the energy range up to 10.0 MeV, during January 2015 to march of 2015 in Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil ( 23° 12' S, 45° 52' W). The detector and other hardware instruments are housed in an air-conditioned room placed near ground level. Neutron counts were accumulated at 1-minute intervals continuously. The months of January/March 2015 were normal with respect to rainfall, being with driest and wet altering days in the region. Rainfall and cloud co verage were also normal and temperature reached record levels (30° C). Coin cidentally, the average neutron counts for driest d ays (0.2 neutrons/minute) were also low compared with other rainy days showing the presence of induced cosmic r ay neutrons up to 10,0 MeV energy. The measurements and FFT analysis of the data in this three months also show that neutron counts present a daily periodicity and that the peak occur s approximately when the sun is at its highest elev ation (zenith) in the sky. This indicates that the neutrons are produced by cosmic rays and that they are not related to the presence of clouds or lighting discharges. Previous studies carried out b y our research group in 2010-2014, in the same mont hs, have observed that cloud coverage modulates neutron counts at thi s location in tropics.


Figure 7. Toxicities of HPGCD are smaller than those of HPBCD. (B): Acute toxicity test of normal mice given HPBCD and HPGCD injections. 14.4 mM HPBCD and HPGCD at a dose of 8 mmol/kg b.wt. were injected into the subcutaneous tissues of 8-week-old mice (n 5 10 each), and then survival rates were calculated. Almost all mice injected with HPBCD died up to 72 hours after the injection. In contrast, no mice died with the HPGCD injection. Abbreviations: HLC, hepatocyte-like cell; HPBCD, 2-hydroxypropyl-bcyclodextrin; HPGCD, 2-hydroxypropyl-c-cyclodextrin; NPC, Niemann-Pick disease type C.


The results of studies on improving the environmental characteristics of boiler plants of municipal heat-power engineering in the application of technologies for the deep recovery of heat from exhaust-gases of gas-fired boilers are presented. The data on the reduction of environment by reducing the amount and temperature of harmful emissions resulting from fuel combustion are given. The data are given for boiler plants equipped with complex heat-recovery systems characterized by cooling the exhaust-gases below the dew point of the water vapor contained in them. It is shown that the decrease in emissions is due to a decrease in fuel consumption in boilers due to the beneficial use of the heat of exhaust-gases in these systems and the dissolution of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the condensate, formed in the heat-recovery equipments. The analysis of improving the environmental safety of boiler plants when used in heat-recovery technologies of corrosion protection systems for chimneys has been performed. Anticorrosion protection is provided by preventing condensate formation in the exhaust-gas ducts of boiler plants when using technologies for the deep recovery of exhaust-gas heat. To prevent condensate formation, the method of pre-drying cooled exhaust-gases in a heat exchanger-preheater installed after heat-recovery equipment is used. It is also shown that the use of complex heat-recovery systems provides in the boiler plant additional water in the form of condensate formed during condensation of moisture from exhaust-gases. Receipt of this condensate is another ecological effect of heat-recovery, which allows reducing the consumption of natural water resources for supply municipal heat networks.


This study investigates the speed at which the banking sector of Latin American countries adjust to equilibrium levels in the long run. For this purpose partial adjustment process to Panzar and Rosse H-Statistics is used. Markets adjust towards long-run equilibrium in a non-instantaneous manner. In order to estimate the structure of market the adjustment speed is of crucial importance. In this paper, an empirical model on the basis of partial adjustment model is developed to measure this convergence speed. Empirical results from the Latin American economies suggest that the transition and speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium varies from market to market depending on the profit deviation from market averages. It is suggested that profit deviations should be monitored by the banking regulators and all banks in Latin America should keep an eye on optimization to remain competitive and sustainable in the long run.


The article analyzes Robert Musil's The Perfecting of a Love as a literary attempt to create a cubist unification of time and space. Musil's concern with overcoming the Kantian conception of space and time, already crucial to his dissertation and his early poetological notes, finds poetic solutions in his novellas. Temporal and spatial inversion are reflected in the linguistic texture of the novella, and the experiences of the protagonist show how time and space are not a priori forms of intuition independent of our sensual apparatus.


Video collections have undergone many changes over the recent decades, but have library circulation policies and practices kept up? The historical model for audiovisual collections at colleges and universities has been that of a reserve collection where films were purchased at faculty request as classroom support, held in closed stacks for availability to faculty while student access was limited, and rarely was resource sharing through interlibrary loan allowed. Research showed that while this model still exists, it is no longer the only model. The purpose of this article is to discuss trends seen in policies and practices of how academic libraries are providing increased collection access. Libraries are encouraged to review their policies and procedures regarding their video collections. Examples of the potential benefits of increasing user access to media materials in spite of the potential problems are described.


A pilot project was conducted with an objective to assess barriers and suggested facilitators for feeding preterm neonates with expressed breast milk. Results revealed that there are many barriers related to expression of breast milk and feeding of preterm baby with expressed breast milk such as difficulty in tracking the mother of neonates admitted in NICU/ step down nursery, nonexistence of standard operational protocol for feeding preterm neonates with expressed breast milk, lack of knowledge among mothers related to importance of colostrum and breast milk in preterm neonates, lack of standard teaching content for to the to express breast and due to increase level of and Some common suggested facilitators include: availability of and for neonates. Abstract : Introduction: Objective: Methodology: Results: Conclusion:


. WhenZIPZ ( Pis an odd prime ) is deco 皿 posed into suitable two sets , Chebyshev polyno 皿 ials have properties that each set is invariant under their and that for their degrees , they to . We type ba8ed on Chebyshev polynomial by the properties . Compared deciphering


Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Endophytes, which live in plant tissues between the plant cells, can act as potential probiotic bacteria. The leaves of Murraya koenigii L. is a common cuisine and herbal ingredient used in indigenous medicine. The main objective of the current study was to assess probiotic characteristics of isolated bacterial endophytes of M. koenigii leaves. Young and mature leaves of M. koenigii were collected from sites in the wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka. The endophytes were isolated using three techniques: placing leaf segments, leaf macerations and preparation of pour plates on three different media viz., nutrient agar, Luria-Bertani (LB), and De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS). They were identified from morphological characteristics and preliminary biochemical tests. Probiotic characterization of the isolates was carried out by using a series of standard tests including resistance to low pH, tolerance of bile salts, antimicrobial activity (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), antibiotic resistance (Gentamycine), anti-haemolytic activity, and non-DNase activity. Ten endophytic bacteria (two bacilli, eight cocci including two Gram positive cocci, and eight Gram negative cocci and bacilli) were isolated from the young and mature leaf samples collected. While probiotic characterization tests were positive, four isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility. These results indicate the possibility that M. koenigii leaves possess bacterial endophytes with probiotic potential.


In this paper, It proposes that solar cell monitoring system using ubiquitous technique, solar cells development system occurs the attrition at the same time in several segments. This is the reason why, whole damage is also looked greatly increased inclination. Therefore, we progress study that find out damage factor by element and are more deeply about loss reduction by element part hereafter. Also, efficiency of solar photovoltaics system can be improved. we wish to forecast efficiency decrease of solar photovoltaics using neural network algorithm. Experiment result hereafter, We will expect to be remote management of solar cell.


Although a university's greatest resources are its students, they generally make a poor choice for delivering an outreach program, due to their limited knowledge in the subject and, sometimes, poor motivation. In the Windsor area, few secondary schools offer much earth-science education, whereas the primary curriculum includes some geoscience in grades 3–6. Generally, however, the earth-science material is poorly delivered, using materials that average 20 years out of date. To promote geoscience in Windsor and to improve geoscience education at the primary levels, a pilot outreach program was begun. As their major project in their first year geology course, 22 Geology 100 students participated in the outreach program. Using students to attempt all phases of the project overcame the problem created by limited departmental resources. Students in the project had to learn a significant amount of material to be able to teach it effectively. Five students coordinated the effort and prepared the initial curricul...


THE CONSULTANT NURSE initiative is at 'real risk' of failing unless it receives greater support from trust managers, according to a leading government official.


Chalcogenide photonic crystals of square lattice with defect is described as a waveguide bend filter application. This filter bend has been developed to insert a point defect in a perfect waveguide bend and it has high transmission of a resonance frequency of defect mode. The resonant point defect has properties to allow or stop narrow frequency mode with high quality factor. It also has been analyzed that chalcogenide As2S3 is more useful over Si materials.


This paper describes the integration of environmental contexts and personal factors for coordinating garments. As a proof of concept, the UFC Mirror (Ubiquitous Fashion Coordination Mirror) has been implemented to coordinate clothing based on garment characteristics such as color and style as well as environmental contexts such as user schedule and weather conditions. The purpose of the UFC Mirror is to find the best clothing selection for each day in terms of time, occasion and place (TOP) and, thus, to reduce mental workload on the user in selecting clothing. An environmentally contextual-focused interface, environmental user interface (EUI), was integrated as a foundation of the UFC mirror to provide appropriate contexts in the selection of clothing. Preliminary results from a user study with 14 participants revealed that the UFC Mirror increased confidence in selecting clothing and reduced mental workload when considering several factors including color, size and style. People have more confidence in choosing clothing when they have integrated information of environmental contexts and personal factors via the UFC Mirror.


This study aims to develop and apply self-healing concrete as a new method for crack control and enhanced service life in concrete structures. This concept is one of the maintenance-free methods which, apart from saving direct costs for maintenance and repair, reduces the indirect costs – a saving generally welcomed by contractors. In this research, the effect of various mineral admixtures on the self-healing of cracked cementitious composites and concrete was investigated. The essential properties such as expansion, swelling and re-crystallization for self-healing design were discussed.


A novel three-dimensional non-destructive beam monitor named π3 was conceived, realized and tested. It is based on a thin aluminum foil coated with P47 scintillating material mounted on a support, together with a miniaturized CCD camera, both moving along the beam axis. This detector allows reconstructing of the beam distribution along the beam path, providing either an on-line video or a graphical reconstruction of the beam envelope in 3D. The π3 detector is a general-purpose instrument suitable for any ion accelerator facility. As it is constructed with non-magnetic materials, it can be used to investigate the behavior of the beam inside beam optics components such as magnets. In this paper, we report the development of the first prototype of the π3 detector, its associated software and the results of the beam tests performed at the Bern medical cyclotron laboratory.


For meeting the perfermance demands of pavement concrete,key trials for impact resistance and abrasion resistance to polypropylene fiber concerete were taken.It discussed the polypropylene fiber's influencing,and analyzed its features in the trials in various aspects to supply references for utilizing.


Safety is the most important parameter of the patient. The premature new-born babies do not have the capability to regulate their body temperatures on their own as normal new-born babies. Now-a-days as technology is advancing, the medical industries are reaching greater heights. By these advancements death rates of premature new-born babies are brought under control. Baby incubators plays a vital role in life saving of premature babies.. Here there is a need of health caregiver interactions due to certain conditions. These days the workload of the health caregiver has increased as the number of patients increased. The paper provides solution for the above mentioned problem by alerting the neonatal nurses so that preventive measures could be taken. It avoids the theft to be held in incubator rooms of the baby. The parameters such as heartbeat, temperature, blood pressure, wetness and movement of the baby. The power failure is also intimated within short span.


As students with severe disabilities move into public school settings, they have more opportunity to develop friendships with their nonhandicapped peers. In fact, participation in ageappropriate, functional, community activities is a key feature of model programs (e.g., Falvey, 1986; Wilcox & Bellamy, 1982). To facilitate development of relationships between students with severe handicaps and their nonhandicapped peers, many programs provide various types of peer interaction or peer tutoring activities. Such programs do succeed in structuring and nurturing relationships between students never before afforded such opportunities (e.g., Certo, Haring, & York, 1984; Stainback & Stainback, 1985). As a result, the


Inspired by recent graded metamaterials designs, we create phononic arrays of micro-resonators for frequency signal amplification and wave filtering. Leveraging suspended waveguides on a thick silicon substrate, we hybridize surface Rayleigh and Lamb flexural waves to effectively achieve phononic signal control along predefined channels. The guided waves are then spatially controlled using a suitable grading of the micro-resonators, which provide high signal-to-noise ratio and simultaneously create phononic delay-lines. The proposed device can be used for sensing, wave filtering or energy harvesting.


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Tumor Necrosis Factor and Related Cytokines (2nd: 1989: Napa, Calif.) Tumor necrosis factor: structure, mechanism of action, role in disease and therapy / editors, Benjamin Bonavida, Gale Granger. "2nd International Conference on Tumor Necrosis Factor and Related Cytokines, Napa, Calif., January 15-20, 1989." Includes bibliographical references. I. Tumor necrosis factor-Congresses. 2. Cytokines-Congresses. I. Bonavida, Benjamin. II. Granger, Gale. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Tumor Necrosis Factor-congresses. QW 630 I595t 1989] QR185.8.T84I57 1989 616.99'2-dc20 ISBN 3-8055-4966-0


A stochastic model is developed for the possible excitatory and inhibitory effects of a stimulus to the brain on the activity of single human motoneurones. The model consists of a Wiener process for the build‐up of underlying potential, a deterministic effect due to the stimulus and a random lag from brain to muscle. Direct likelihood inference for its parameters seems impossible, and we study the use of simulation to estimate the log‐likelihood for the parameters of substantive interest. Monte Carlo methods yield point and confidence interval estimates of the membrane excitability underlying excitatory and inhibitory effects. The main qualitative conclusion is that both excitatory and inhibitory effects are unambiguously present. The contribution of statistical analysis to this problem is to provide accurate and apparently reliable inference for the quantities of neurophysiological interest. More generally, our methodology has the potential to make accurate likelihood‐based inferences in challenging problems, but the computational burden can be large, particularly if the model is not fully adequate for the data, as in our application.


Two problems currently facing the dairy industry are the evaluation of new methods of measuring milk quantity and quality, and the production testing of more cows. Productiontesting problems center around labor costs and the limited number of farmers serviced by one Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) technician. Increasing the length of the testing interval would proportionally increase the number of farmers serviced by a technician, reduce the labor costs per farmer, and possibly increase the income of the technician. The evaluation of new milking devices and the adoption of different testing intervals is dependent upon the accuracy of the new methods relative to a standard. The standard for comparison of methods of production testing has been the actual daily production of the cow smnmed over all the days in the lactation. The accuracy needed in measuring test-day production should depend upon the influence of test-day production on the variation of the estimate of lactation production. Unbiasedness is also an important property for evaluating any method of production testing. Erb et al. (5) studied five methods of testing, using the daily production records of 19 cows. Thompson et al. (9) estimated the bias and the variance of the estimate of lactation production. The reader is referred to Erb et al. (4, 5) for a review of the early literature on testing methods and the accuracy of various testing methods. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the magnitude of the daily variation in milk yield and evaluate various methods of testing and estinmting lactation yield.


The previously equivocal relationship between sex-role identity (masculinityfemininity) in late-adolescent females and adjustment was investigated. Peer ratings of 30 college Ss, obtained after a period of small-group interaction, indicated that masculine girls tended to be both goal oriented (instrumental) and socially sensitive (expressive), whereas feminine girls tended to be socially sensitive but to lack a goal orientation. Comparison of the personality attributes of these masculine and feminine girls with their maladjusted counterparts found little difference between the feminine groups. However, comparison of the masculine groups identified more extended differences, primarily indicating a lack of instrumental behavior in the maladjusted group. Masculinity in the maladjusted group may appear as social independence which may actually mask social alienation and social approach-avoidance conflicts.


Commitment to a professional devel opment program that equips all teachers with a knowledge of ability grouping research, a problem-solving and thinking skills curriculum, and varied instructional models is essen tial to make ability grouping positive for all students.


In the contemporary age, the main consideration required by the state for social life corresponds to taxes. For this purpose, they have issued rules governing tax management and have led to the delimitation of tax law. The Tax Administration is coated with the determiner faculty, decisive power, regulatory power, collecting power and impose sanctions. Through these powers, the Tax Administration collects taxes that are intended for the benefit of the community and the execution of works of national interest. To improve the efficiency of Revenue is necessary to enhance the collecting power of the tax authorities, thus, it will ensure that the collection is conducted in an effective, transparent and voluntarily. The efficiency of tax collection is not reflected in the amount collected but voluntary act of the taxpayer meets the tax liability. To strengthen tax collection is necessary to implement certain mechanisms and tools to strengthen the collecting power of the tax administration. These include improving computing platforms in order to implement a system of online inquiries and complaints, creating the Taxpayer Ombudsman and the strengthening of the Administration Office in order to avoid litigation.


There are many types of book on the legal profession. Some are "jolly good reads" (such as David Pannick's Advocates, 1992, OUP); some are as fun as swallowing saw-dust (the imagery is not mine but I forget whose); some are historically oriented (and there are many that fit this category); and some concentrate on the ethical dimension (a big thing in the United States). It is difficult to pigeon-hole Professor Tan Yock Lin's The Law of Advocates and Solicitors in Singapore and West Malaysia (2nd ed, 1998, Butterworths) as its approach is somewhat unique.


Treatment of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the hand and wrist can be a challenging endeavor. Optimal management for best outcomes includes careful collaboration between providers managing the medical treatment of the disease, therapists, hand surgeons, and the patient.In this revie


In this paper, novel coil antennas distributed on storage racks are designed for high frequency (HF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader. To enlarge the reading coverage on a large storage rack without using large current excitation, several small-sized coils are distributed on the rack floor in specific series-parallel connection, and a network is designed to match the HF RFID reader input port. The storage rack prototype is built and tested. It is demonstrated that RFID reader with the designed coil antennas can identify the labels adhered to objects placed on the storage rack successfully. The distributed coil antenna has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and large capacity.


(57) Abstract: A novel benzodiazepine compound of the following formula (I), the indicated agonist activity for CCK-A receptors capable of modulating the gastrin and cholecystokinin, a hormone of mammalian (CCK) , control of appetite, pharmaceutical compounds for use in as anorectic agents in the maintenance treatment and weight loss of obesity.


In this study, the results of the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) of wind pressure on the model of low-rise building are presented The space covariance matrix of point pressure at uniforml spaced locations is used in the resulting eigenvalue problem The POD results, the eigenfunctions and the principal coordinates, are used to perform the reconstruction of the roof pressure The convergence of the roof pressure reconstruction is investigated next. Also, the effects of the qpproach wind direction on the pressure reconstruction are investigated.


Letter from Ed. P. Byars, traffic manager of the Traffic and Transportation Department of the Fort Worth Freight Bureau, to Amon Carter discussing the ticket rate for those riding the train to watch TCU play in the Sugar Bowl.


Biothermal treatment of municipal solid waste combines fermentation of organic waste and combustion of refuse derived fuel in a fluidized bed boiler. Biogas from the fermentation is then burnt in a post combustion chamber to create a temperature of 1000°C at which dangerous organic chemicals such as dioxins are destroyed. Such plants can generate electricity and heat for district heating or steam


Abstract : The accurate theoretical evaluation of new propellant systems in terms of specific impulse, range and similar parameters, requires a knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of the reactants and the thermodynamic and physical properties of the possible products. Among the values required are heat of formation, entropy, heat capacity, melting point, and heats of vaporization, fusion and sublimation. Since rocket exhaust temperature are in the range 2000- 5000 K, generally, the thermodynamic properties of the exhaust products must be known in this temperature range. A research program has been undertaken to determine the physical and thermodynamic properties of those species expected to be formed by the combustion of propellants.


Hydroxyapatite (HA)/nanotubular titanium dioxide (TiO_2) composite coatings loaded with antibiotics were developed to combine biocompatibility and antibacterial property. TiO_2 nanotubes were first fabricated on Ti plates using anodization techniques. Then HA nanocrystals were synthesized on the TiO_2 nanotubes by electrochemical deposition, followed by loading of a model drug compound, streptomycin. The streptomycin release profile of the composite coating was investigated. Bacterial tests demonstrate that the streptomycin-loaded composite coatings were highly effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. Simulated body fluid (SBF) experiments indicated that the composite coatings possessed good osseointegration capability.


This paper describes our initial steps towards adapting new technological research tools in Hungarian math education for visually impaired pupils. The didactic research starting point was the MathTrax software developed by NASA in 2006. In our new method we are not replacing but rather enriching different modes of function representation by means of sonification. Most importantly, we want to enable our pupils (seven early blind, aged 13-14) to develop the ability to change their mode of representation of functions. These representations are: formulae, verbal descriptions, tactile graphs, coordinate plane adapted for the blind, 3D columns of varying heights and sound. Our method helps visually impaired pupils break down the structure of a mathematical problem, and this can lay the foundation for its solution. In addition, it also simplifies complex situations and makes abstract concepts more concrete, and thus more familiar. Furthermore, once the structure of problem is understood the ability of visually impaired pupils to read tactile diagrams improves. Morever, using our method communication between teachers and pupils is strengthened by means of hand gestures. 1"MathTrax is a graphing tool for middle school and high school students to graph equations, physics simulations or plot data files. The graphs have descriptions and sound so you can hear and read about the graph. Blind and low vision users can access visual math data and graph or experiment with equations and datasets." http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/MathTrax/


The ($d, ^{3}\mathrm{He}$) reactions on $^{96,98,100}\mathrm{Mo}$ have been used at 40.7 MeV bombarding energy to populate proton hole states in the Nb isotopes. Ten groups of levels were observed in each nucleus and most of the expected strength in the $1{g}_{\frac{9}{2}}$, $2{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, and $1{f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ orbits was observed. Excitation energies and $l$ values were obtained for nine new excited levels in $^{99}\mathrm{Nb}$. The $Q$ value for the $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}(d,^{3}\mathrm{He})^{99}\mathrm{Nb}$ reaction was measured to be -5.639 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.015 MeV, giving a $^{99}\mathrm{Nb}$ mass excess of -82 342 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 15 keV. A hole-core coupling model is used to predict the levels of the Nb isotopes, and fair agreement with experiment is obtained.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the budget system use on innovation performance concerning products and processes in Brazilian companies.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted in companies with economic activities addressed by the Brazilian Industrial Research of Technological Innovation carried out by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, which provided 111 valid answers. The structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicate that considering the budget use with control (diagnostic) characteristics as a mechanism able to elide the benefits of innovation does not find support because no negative effect may be detected in the moderation tests. On the other hand, the belief that budget use with (interactive) planning characteristics might potentiate the effects of innovation on performance has also not been confirmed, i.e. rather flexible budget use types, which could be aligned with the elasticity required by creative processes, do not seem to have the positive effect advocated in the literature.

Research limitations/implications
The sample did not allow a detailed analysis of other contextual characteristics that could evidence heterogeneity. The size difference between companies, based on the number of employees rather than the volume of innovation investments, may have affected the results.

Originality/value
The results show there is no moderation in the relation between technological innovation and performance, both by using interactive budget and diagnostic budget.


For students with an interest in radiobiology who do not have the time for exhaustive studyor searching through large volumes of literature for the most pertinent material, this book will be welcome. It was written for residents, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and other fields, an~ ~tu dents in radiological and nuclear technology. In my opmion, it will serve these students well and make an excellent quick reference source on a variety of radiobiological topics. The book was compiled from contributions by 32 authorities 4 of whom edited the volume. The authors are all reco~nized as important contributors to their individual areas of expertise. Their ability to write clearly enhances the value of the book. It is designed for a one-semester course and is divided into 15 chapters, four appendices, and a glossary. The topics constitute what many experts believe to be the basic core of radiation biology. In addition to the basics of radiation interactions with matter, radiation chemistry, and biochemical, cellular, and tissue response. to radiation there are also chapters or parts of chapters dealtng with th~ bioeffects of nonionizing radiations, radiation therapy, behavioral effects, aspects of nuclear medicine, radioecology, space radiation hazards, radiation protection, and medico-legal aspects of radiological practice. The longer chapters (about two-thirds) include a summary. Each topic is supported by carefully selected, up-to-date, specific references which will guide the reader to more comprehensive material. In addition, Appendix IU contains 172 general references. One of the most important contributions of radiobiology is information upon which radiation protection standards are based. As this book amply illustrates, we know a great deal about the bioeffects from large and moderate doses, but considerably less about low doses. This lack of information has resulted in a major controversy about the risks involved with low doses and low-dose-rate irradiation. Since some of the authors of this volume are also members of the Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations to the National Academy of Sciences, I hope to see a concise treatment of this subject in a later edition. In view of the many positive aspects of this book, small errors and omissions (for example, no number or date for reference 106) can be forgiven. It will be a pleasure to recommend this new book to my classes.


Differentiating erythroid cells synthesize large quantities of heme for hemoglobinization. While the transcriptional regulation and enzymatic mechanisms of the heme synthetic enzymes are well characterized, we lack mechanistic understanding of how their protein stability, cofactor incorporation and functional interactions with mitochondrial housekeeping proteins are regulated. These mechanisms can rapidly alter the rate of heme synthesis in response to external stimuli and metabolic requirements, and are critical for heme regulation within a tissue-specific and developmental context. CLPX, a mitochondrial protein unfoldase best understood for its function in a proteasome-like enzyme complex with the peptidase CLPP (the CLPXP ATP-dependent protease) plays a central role in regulation of mitochondrial protein turnover, is one such heme regulatory protein. CLPX activates yeast ALAS, which catalyzes the committed step of the heme synthesis pathway, by facilitating the incorporation of its cofactor, PLP, and is required for erythroid heme synthesis in zebrafish (Kardon et al. Cell 2015). Paradoxically, it regulates the turnover of ALAS1 and ALAS2 protein in vertebrate cell lines and appears to regulate the heme synthesis downstream of ALAS (Kubota et al. JBC 2016, Yien et al. PNAS 2017). However, it is not known if vertebrate ALAS was activated by ALAS, or if the requirement for CLPX in vertebrate heme synthesis was caused its regulation of ALAS activity (Figure A).
 To dissect the roles of CLPX in erythroid heme synthesis, we knocked out Clpxand Clpp in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and assayed the activity, stability, and steady state levels of the heme synthesis enzymes, ALAS2 and FECH, which colocalize with ALAS in the mitochondrial matrix. Consistent with previous observations, Clpx -/- MEL cells had a heme defect, while Clpp -/-cells did not (Figure B). However, in contrast to previous observations in the yeast model, CLPX is not required for ALAS activation in erythroid cells, but plays a key role in regulating ALAS2 turnover in concert with the CLPP peptidase (Figure C). During erythroid differentiation, CLPP protein levels are decreased, stabilizing ALAS2 protein (Figure D). Although differentiating Clpx -/-and Clpp -/- MEL cells did not demonstrate any changes in ALAS2 turnover, likely because steady-state levels of CLPP protein were already decreased (Figure E), we observed an increase in steady-state ALAS2 protein levels and a dramatic increase in ALAS2 enzyme activity. In vitro mitochondrial iron transport/heme synthesis assays revealed a heme defect in Clpx -/-MEL cells, suggesting that CLPX plays a role in mitochondrial iron metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest a complex, differentiation-stage specific regulation of heme synthesis by the CLPXP proteolytic complex (Figure F).
 As Clpx -/- mouse embryos die by about E9.5 (mousephenotype.org), we dissected the in vivo role of Clpxin erythropoiesis by analyzing the phenotypes of clpxa and clpxb mutant zebrafish obtained from ZIRC. To accomplish this, we crossed clpxa and clpxb mutant zebrafish into Tg(lcr:GFP) zebrafish line in which erythroid cells are fluorescently labeled with GFP (Ganis et al Dev Biol 2012). We observed that clpxa mutant zebrafish had an early erythropoietic defect at 24 hpf that resolved at 48hpf; this developmental defect was not observed in clpxbmutant zebrafish. Benzidine staining of heme in mutant zebrafish revealed that while clpxa was dispensable for erythroid heme synthesis, clpxb was required for erythroid hemoglobinization (Figure G). Lastly, clpxbzebrafish mutants continued to be developmentally delayed and did not survive past 5 dpf. Collectively, our observations in cell lines and in the zebrafish model demonstrate that Clpx is essential for the maintenance of differentiated erythroid cells, as well as for the differentiation of the erythroid lineage.
 The control of heme synthesis and erythroid development by CLPX reveals how mitochondrial physiology and heme synthesis are interdependent. Our results reveal an important regulatory node where the mitochondrial protein quality control machinery intersects with key steps in heme synthesis. Further, our studies provide important genetic tools for dissecting these regulatory components in isolation as well as within the in vivocontext of erythropoiesis.
 Figure

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


— A total of fourteen slab-edge beam-column connection specimens were tested gradually to failure under the effect of simultaneous action of shear force and moment. The objective was to investigate the influence of some parameters thought to be important on the behavior and strength of slab-column connections with edge beams encountered in flat slab flooring and roofing systems. The parameters included the existence and strength of edge beam, depth and width of edge beam, steel reinforcement ratio of slab, ratio of moment to shear force, and the existence of openings in the region next to the column. Results obtained demonstrated the importance of the studied parameters on the strength and behavior of slab-column connections with edge beams.


This paper presents an organic–inorganic hybrid transparent thin-film transistor (TTFT) with an active channel of zinc-oxide (ZnO). The solution-processed stagger type device consists of methyl-siloxane-based spin-on glass (SOG) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) for the dielectric and gate electrode, respectively. The TTFT, fabricated by this method, has an optical transmittance of 67.4%, and it displays a field effect mobility of 20.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off ratio of >104, a threshold voltage of 6.9 V and a subthreshold swing of 1.02 V/decade when the drain voltage (VDS) is 20 V.


worth inquiring into. If true, it will certainly betray a cruel injustice. Unfortunately, the people who are most ready to make the assertion seem the least willing to support it by statistics, and we are forced to rely on our own investigations. The United States, more systematically than any other civilised State, makes inquiry into such questions; and it is possible that, in a land where every State is the size of a kingdom, we may find means of ?comparison as good as in the countries of Europe. In America, convicts are employed in various ways. In some States they labour at public works, and that, where practicable, is the best form of labour. We must keep criminals out of mischief, and we are, as a nation, honestly willing to pay for so keeping them; but, at the same time, we do not want to pay more than is just and necessary, and we are averse, on both moral and economical grounds, from keeping any creature in idleness for months or years. Penal servitude should


Based on the analysis of the current situation of cross-border e-commerce development in Fujian Province, this paper draws on the experience of the construction of China 's crossborder e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone, and finds the main problems in Fujian e-commerce innovation. Suggestions on the development of industrial innovation.


Family medicine is a champion of human-focused health care in the context of lasting relationships. What do humans need—those who seek care and those who offer it? Respect, understanding, and kindness. Without it, more money, more ancillary personnel, more time-saving technology cannot lift us from the profession's doldrums. The author believes that the deep desire to be of help to others can be rekindled in an office culture where the humanity in all of us is honored.


The pulsed synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was used to stroboscopically measure the dynamic response of BaTiO 3 ferroelectric films, in situ, under the application of a high-frequency electric field. The time-dependent lattice d -spacings measured in the frequency range, 25-1300 MHz, demonstrated both periodicity and attenuation features which were attributed to domain dynamics. Drastic (two order of magnitude) reduction of the relaxation time (i.e., attenuation increase) was found with increasing electric field frequency. Experimental findings are analyzed in terms of hindering of domain wall motion by generated deformation waves.


Experiments on the transfer of genome complements to foreign plasma, which are the subject of the present paper, grew out incidentally of my genome analysis of the Aegilops-Triticum group (Kihara , 1949). As the material on hand revealed a great range of relationship degrees , it seemed of interest to compare the effects of nucleus exchanges between nearly related species on one hand and between distant species on the other hand. From a very large material, accumulated in the course of the last fifteen years, two cases will be described in this paper. In the experi ment with two nearly related species Aegilops longissima and Aegilops Aucheri were used, while the two distant species are represented by Aegilops caudata and Triticum vulgare.


Abstract : The significance of year-round relationships between synoptic storm activity and sea-surface temperature (SST) over the North Pacific Ocean for the period January 1969 through December 1978, were examined using cross-correlation analysis. The possible existence of a seasonal dependence in the SST-wind relationships was examined using sub-sample record cross-correlation analysis and model tests with both a constant and a variable mixed-layer depth, respectively. Wind forcing data was represented by (U-3*), friction velocity cubed, and wind stress curl (CURL sub Z tau), as computed from: (a) High-pass filtered wind components only (periods less than ten days), (b) High- and Low-pass filtered wind components which includes the interaction terms and (c) the unfiltered (total) wind components.


In order to accept the international challenge,it is important to cultivate talent graduate students in medicine by developing bilingual teaching in comparative medicine.As a guide for medical students who used the laboratory animals for much of their research work,and others interested in learning about laboratory animals,learning of the more commonly used animal models in special research work can be personally satisfying and rewarding.


To examine the general population trends of large whales in South Georgia waters, 2 opportunistic data sets of sightings of large whales from 1991 to 2010 around South Georgia were analyzed: the South Georgia Museum log of whale sightings and the British Antarctic Survey whale sighting reports from the Bird Island research station. Bird Island abuts the northwest tip of South Georgia. The 4 most reported species in both data sets were southern right whale Eubalaena australis, humpback whale Megaptera ovaeangliae, minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis, and killer whale Orcinus orca. These totally independent data sets showed comparable changes in abundance through time; thus, despite a lack of sighting effort records, inferences could be drawn about changes in relative abundance. The number of reported sightings per 5 yr period from both
data sets increased from the 1991 to 1995 period through the 2001 to 2005 period and has since decreased. Species composition of reported sightings has changed over time; southern right whales have become the most sighted species in both data sets, with a peak of reported sightings in the
2001 to 2005 period. Sightings were concentrated around Shag Rocks, at the northwest tip of South Georgia, and along the north/east coastlines of South Georgia; sightings in the bays around South Georgia have increased over time. In an area such as the Antarctic, which poses many difficulties when conducting research, opportunistic data sources such as these, although not ideal, can become invaluable, since such information would otherwise be unattainable.


The paper is devoted to the main directions of research activities at "Tomskaya Pisanitsa" museum-reserve, examining the role of the museum as a research institution. The author discusses the museum's role of a museum-research center for collecting, storung and researching copies of images from rock art sites of Siberia and Central Asia.


The persistent strengthening of the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean over the past 20 years has recently been proposed as a driver for the increase of ocean heat uptake linked to the hiatus in surface global warming. Crucial aspects in this argument are the reliability of the wind signal, usually derived from atmospheric reanalyses, and the ability of models to represent it. This study addresses these two aspects by comparing various observations with reanalyses and model integrations from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts system. We show that the strengthening of trades over the Pacific is a robust feature in several observational data sets as well as in the reanalyses based on full and limited sets of observations. The wind trend is also reproduced in an atmospheric model integration forced by sea surface temperature analysis, a result that opens the doors to further investigation on the nature of the changes.


Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are hepatotrophic viruses that can also proliferate in lymphoid tissues. Both of them can be cause chronic antigenic stimulation and may be related vvith lymphoproliferative disorders. Aim of this study is to evaluate HBV and HCV viruses seroprevalence in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients in our cancer center and their rela-tion vvith patient characteristics. We investigated hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus antigen (anti-HCV-Ab) frequency in one hundred sixty four NHL patients retrospectively who admitted in our hospital betvveen November 2001- March 2008. We overvievved in the study HBV and HCV infected patients' disease characteristics. HBsAg and anti-HCV-Ab tests had been applied by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for these patients as a part of initial evaluating process at their first visit. The control group consisted of non-cancer patients treated in orthopedi clinics of our hospital (n= 165). Histologically confirmed 164 NHL patients vvere enrolled in this study. Among those 159 vvere B-cell lymphoma patients and the rest 5 vvere T-cell origin lymphoma patients. Tvventy three patients of 159 patients (14%) vvere diagnosed as low grade lymphoma. Ninety one patients (55%) vvere male and seventy three patients (45%) vvere female. HBsAg vvas found positive in fifteen patients (9.1%). Three patients had extranodai and nine patients had nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Rest of these patients had low grade iymhomas. Anti-HCV-Ab vvas positive in three (1.8%) patients, additionally HBsAg positivity vvas detected in the same three patients. One of them had splenic other two patients had diffuse large B-cell tymphomas. HBsAg prevalence vvas found higher but anti-HCV-Ab prevaience vvas found similar betvveen NHL and control group (9.1 vs 3%, p= 0.0366 and 1.8 vs 1.2%, p= 0.9945 respectiveiy). Ali of patients received chemotherapy except one patient at stage I follicular lymphoma who had HBsAg positive. Six patients infected HBV and/or HCV ivere treated antiviral agents. Two patients among 15 who did not received prophylactic antiviral therapy during their cytotoxic treatment suffered from reactivation of HBV infection (%13) These findings supported that hepatitis carrier frequency in NHL patients more than non-cancer patients population according to our cancer center data. For these reason hepatits B and C markers should be evaluated before NHL treatment in our country.


A lantern, or a birdhouse. . . the shape of shelter silhouetted against a forest of songbirds and vines in shady greens, or cameo red. . . the color of brainpan, that mossy garden, everything made profound by the sacred eyes. With mitten cords to sensation, a sturdy-built sound, black pupils ringing with windowpanes. A memory borrowed from my missing twin, a ghost of extrasensory perception. And you, behind my field of view as if you were a deer at the forest edge, capture me by holding your breath. I see you without seeing you. 133


The failure of the Bahujan Samaj Party to win a single Lok Sabha seat from Uttar Pradesh in the 2014 general elections, the only state in India, where the party had earlier secured power, came as a shocking surprise to many. Most analyses of the results claimed that the party lost because its core support base among the Dalits, and particularly, among the Jatav community, had drifted away from it. The article argues that while it is true that support to the Bahujan Samaj Party from its core constituency has shrunk in the 2014 elections, the party has managed to secure the allegiance of a majority of the Jatavs, as also the Dalits. It further points out that the defeat of the Bahujan Samaj Party was largely due to its failure to retain the support of those communities, other than the Dalits, who had extended substantial support to it in the past, as well as due to the Bharatiya Janata Party's campaign strategy.


Research advances in resistant soybean cyst nematode(SCN) and its breeding in recent years were reviewed in this paper,including distribution of SCN physiological races,screening and identification for germplasm of soybean resistance to SCN and SCN resistant breeding.The development trend of resistant SCN was also discussed.