Adhesive nanocomposites of organically modified montmorillonite (OM) and polyurethane have been synthesized and their permeability to oxygen and water vapor has been measured. The gas permeation through the composites was correlated to the volume fraction of the impermeable inorganic part of the OM. The incorporation of small volume fractions of the platelike nanoparticles in the polymer matrix decreased the gas transmission rate, when the interface between the two heterogeneous phases was properly designed. The oxygen transmission rate decayed asymptotically with increasing aluminosilicate volume fraction and a 30% reduction was achieved at 3 vol %, when the clay was coated with bis(2-hydroxyethyl) hydrogenated tallow ammonium or alkylbenzyldimethylammonium ions. In contrast, coating the clay surface with dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium ions leads to an increase in the gas transmission rate with augmenting inorganic fraction. This was attributed to a probable change in morphology resulting from phase separation at the interface between the apolar pure hydrocarbon clay coating and the relatively polar PU. The water vapor permeation through the PU nanocomposites was more strongly reduced than oxygen and a 50% reduction was observed at 3 vol % silicate fraction. This was attributed to stronger interactions and hydrogen bonding of the water molecules with the PU matrix as well as to their clustering. Differences in the hydrophobicity of the clay coating influenced the water transmission rate. No spectroscopic evidence could be obtained for a reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the clay organic coating and the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer. A mixed morphology, that is, exfoliated layers and intercalated particles was observed in all composites. WAXRD and TEM gave a qualitative picture of the microstructure of the nanocomposites but no conclusive information. Some of the problems to be solved before a correlation between the nanocomposite properties and their microstructure can be established have been outlined.


The September 2016 UN New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants was welcomed with much enthusiasm, as the 193 UN member states agreed to meet yet again to negotiate a Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. In the year that followed, the process of consultations and negotiations laid out in Annex II of the Declaration moved ahead at full steam. By September 2017, the UN had held five informal thematic sessions and an informal interactive stake-holder meeting; issued multiple summaries, informational notes, and issue briefs; and planned a "stocktaking meeting" for December 2017 in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico (IOM 2017). What will be the substantive outcome of this process? Will the Global Compact provide more and better interstate cooperation on migration, or will states largely ignore it, as they have ignored the three multilateral migration treaties that came before it? We argue that the structure of international cooperation on migration suggests the latter outcome is more likely. This structure consists of five elements: the patterns of migration flows in the post-World War II period, which divide states into countries of origin and countries of destination; the status quo of customary international law that privileges countries of destination; exogenous shocks that trigger changes in the costs of the status quo; the institutionalization of the international system that permits countries of origin to project their preferences onto the international stage; and finally, the ability of countries of destination to ignore these preferences. Examples illustrate the application of the theoretical model.


Similar to the past several years, soybean rust was not a threat for Iowa soybean growers. This year did have a couple of interesting developments, neither affecting Iowa soybeans.


A number of readers have called Bandolier to ask if we would explain the current controversy about the association between calcium channel blockers and myocardial infarction in hypertension. This is a tall order, and one that we probably can't fill in its entirety. What Bandolier can do, however, is to give a synopsis of the evidence from the two recent publications [1,2] which precipitated the row.


This paper draws on the placenames of the Pacific Northwest as the primary data source, and so some of the information used here has been reported in my previous studies concerning the use of Indian placenames (Smith 1989a, 1989b, 1991). However, the purpose of this study is to focus more specifically on Native American terms borrowed into English and transferred from one area to another. These transfers reflect not only a different timing in the settlement of various regions of North America, but also different patterns of cultural interaction between Europeans and Native Americans. The Pacific Northwest is technologically well developed and, comparatively speaking, recently settled. Thus, the cultural and linguistic layering is very fresh, and transfers from other areas are easily observed (for maps see pages 50-52, below). Placename studies of many regions in North America (especially those of Virgil Vogel, e.g. 1983, 1986) have emphasized the importance of Indian names, but the definitions of Indian placenames are often stated in very general, inclusive terms. I have previously argued that Indian placenames ought to be defined as names derived from the language of the indigenous people in each particular local area. However, such a definition is too restrictive; it does not reflect the full influence of Native American languages and cultures as they have been borrowed and transferred across the continent. To better reflect the range of these influences I offer here seven categories of what might be referred to as Indian placenames':


Introduction The Peloponnese is a large area, and as such has attracted much archaeological interest. The volume of reported material means that there are some significant emerging trends visible in the data for 2010. First, as in other areas of Greece, there is a significant push towards interdisciplinary research, with archaeological science, careful contextualized readings of primary sources and new methodologies visible within single projects. Second, there is also an increased focus on issues of scale and spatial relationships – both across landscapes, in the continued use of archaeological field survey and various remote sensing techniques, and within landscapes, in the exploration of surface/sub-surface relationships. And third, there is evidence of a much more critical approach to topography that seeks to understand not only the physical layout of urban spaces, but the ways in which cultural memory shapes those spaces over time.


The present invention, collagen hydrolyzate, and the use of collagen hydrolyzate for the treatment and / or prevention of cellulite.


A dual band diversity antenna for PCS and WiMAX bands is proposed and designed with compact dimension. The proposed diversity antenna consists of two dual‐band PIFAs arranged front to front with the same structure. With polarization diversity, jointed shorting structure, and suspended line, the proposed antenna gives high radiation efficiency (>50%), high isolation (>15 dB), and low correlation coefficient (ρe < 0.05. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2600–2604, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23759


The scheme of placement of the compound acoustic converter of quarter wave resonators under the centrifugal electropump is given. Theoretical proofs of results of Brandt and Gideman experiments, shown, that under action of ultrasonic waves in aerosols instantly there is a coagulation and. sedimentation of particles, are presented.


A reaction mechanism for the photooxidation of dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) in aqueous acetonitrile has been established by kinetic modeling the UV absorbance vs. time curves under continuous irradiation. The model, built according to the known solution reactivity of oxysulfur radicals [1], consists of 22 steps involving 6 radical and 10 nonradical species. The first steps of the mechanism are the homolytic cleavage of the DMDS S—S bond with formation of methanethiyl radicals (CH3S·) followed by addition of these radicals to molecular oxygen. There are photoequilibria between thiyl (CH3S·), sulfinyl (CH3S·), and sulfonyl (CH3SO2·) radicals and the corresponding molecular species (methyl methanethiosulfinate CH3S(O)SCH3 or MMTSI, methyl methanethiosulfonate CH3S(O)2SCH3 or MMTS and meth-anesulfinic acid CH3S(O)OH or MSIA) which appear as long lived intermediates. Reactions of sulfonyl radicals with oxygen lead to methanesulfonic acid (CH3S(O)2OH) or MSA. Cleavage of sulfonyl radicals gives SO2 and CH3·, the parent compounds of sulfuric (H2SO4) and methanoic (HCOOH) acids. The predictive power of the model was tested at higher initial concentration of DMDS in anhydrous and aqueous acetonitrile. In these conditions, the proposed mechanism gives a semiquantitative description of the course of the reaction and reproduces the kinetic behavior of the long lived intermediates. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 825–834, 1997


The years 1960-1990 saw an extensive construction of apartment buildings in Estonia. In the 1970s the specific heat consumption of apartment buildings made about 380 kWh/m2 per year. The 1990s saw the beginning of the renovation of heat substations, heating and ventilation systems and building envelopes. The renovation of windows in old apartment buildings was accompanied by problems in the indoor climate. The problem of indoor climate seriously affects partly renovated old apartment buildings. With the help of simulation programs energy conservation achievable with renovation and indoor climate has been analysed in apartment buildings. Increase in energy efficiency in buildings with the help of air handling units (AHU) with heat recovery is analyzed. In old apartment buildings one of the possible solutions is the air change arrangement by room heat recovery units and programmable exhaust ventilators in toilets, bathrooms and kitchens.


An 80 × 60 pixels arbitrated address-event imager has been designed and fabricated in a 0.6 µm CMOS process. The output bandwidth is allocated according to the pixel's demand. The imager has a large dynamic range: 200 dB (pixel) and 120 dB (array). The power consumption is 3.4 mW in uniform indoor light. The imager is capable of 8.3K effective frames per second.


Objective To observe the analgesic efficacy of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia(PCIA) with Lappaconitine and its influence on plasma prolactin level after Cesarean section. Methods Twenty-nine parturients undergoing elective Cesarean section under epidural anesthesia, were randomly allocated to PCIA group (n=14) and control group (n=15). In PCIA group, intravenous Lappaconitine was administered at rate of 0.4mg/h with bolus dose of 0.1 mg beyond 15 min period. Pethidine was injected 1M when postoperative pain appeared in control group without postoperative analgesia. The plasma prolactin levels was determined with radioimmunoassay. The analgesic efficacy was evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS). Results In PCIA group the VAS score was significantly lower (P0.01) and the colostrum secretion was more early than those in control group (P0.05 ). The plasma levels of prolactin of both groups increased significantly 24 h after Cesarean section compared with those before surgery (P0.01). The plasma prolactin level was significantly higher in PCIA group 24 h after Cesarean section than control level (P0.05). Heart rate and blood pressure were kept stable during whole procedure without respiratory depression and vomiting. Conclusion Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with Lappaconitine is not only safe and effective for postoperative analgesia after Cesarean section, but also increase the prolactin secreation to improve maternal colostrum.


The method of suppressing recidivism through punishment centered on punishment is showing limitations through criminal policy research in many countries. As an alternative to this, a restorative judicial law aimed at returning criminals to members of society through reconciliation and coordination of community members, victims, and perpetrators is emerging as a paradigm for crime prevention and recidivism. Sweden is a representative welfare state and is confirming positive effects through correction of criminals based on restorative justice. In addition, it has a stable system related to the legal protection welfare system, and maintains a low recidivism rate and social security through scientific and reasonable operation using evidence-based principles in the evaluation and certification process of operating programs. However, research on the legal protection system implemented in advanced welfare and correctional countries, including Sweden, is still insufficient in Korea. Therefore, this study aims to explore the direction of the domestic legal protection system through a review of Swedish criminal policy and legal protection system, and to identify insufficient areas and complementary points of the domestic system to lay the foundation for improving the domestic legal protection welfare system and expanding business.


Communication is an independent humanity social science.There are two separate elementary study paradigms on its study all along.One is positivism represented by American communication school and the other is humanism represented by European criticism school.The two methodologies seem to be contrary to each other.In fact,it is possible to combine them. and they even have a potential prospect.


So Clerimont in Ben Jonson's The Silent Woman; and it is to be feared he speaks for many. Plutarch's miscellaneous works, commonly and perhaps unfortunately called Moralia, have never enjoyed the popularity of the Lives. Yet they have enormous interest. They are a collection of short works on all kinds of subjects, the record of a life devoted to learning and a heart both generous and devout. Without them we should not only have lost a mass of knowledge, we should also have a different impression of many of the moral, social, and religious attitudes of the ancient world. Besides, as Bernays told Wilamowitz and Wilamowitz told the world, you can't say 'I know Greek' until you have read them.


It is in the political and economic interest of every nation to adopt a reliable and stable energy strategy at the lowest possible cost. All countries have a common need to find sufficient energy for development and to make the transition to the post-petroleum era. The energy characteristics and the energy options of the developing countries are examined, and the case is made for developed-country involvement in solving Third World problems. This should include investment in conventional as well as renewable sources of energy, increased investment in suitable technologies, and assistance to developing countries in their efforts to gather information about their energy use and potential. Energy security during the transition to the post-petroleum era will require both renewable and depletable energy sources, but it is important to recognize that national self-sufficiency in all areas of energy resource production is not possible. 87 references, 5 tables.


Measurement of blood volumetric changes in human body by photoplethysmographic sensors is used in present study. Objective is to measured different parameters that are heart rate, respiratory rate, BP. PPG signal is acquired by PPG sensor, microcontroller and RS 232. The acquired PPG signal is displayed in MATLAB. Frequency domain analysis of PPG signal shows a two peaks first at around 0.25 to 0.35 Hz and second at around 1 to 1.5 Hz. FFT at 1Hz relates to 60 BPM and FFT at 0.25 Hz relates to 15 respiratory cycles per minute. For BP Measurement, the pulse height of PPG is proportional to the difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressure in the arteries. The standard blood pressure monitoring instrument is used to calculate correlation coefficient. The arterial blood pressure is calculated based on these coefficients. PPG signal is used to detect blood pressure pulsations in a finger and achieved an accuracy of (0.8 ± 7) mmHg and (0.9 ± 6) mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. The developed PPG based method can be used as a noninvasive alternative to the conventional occluding-cuff approaches for long-term and continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate.


We investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability problem in quasi--normed spaces and then the stability by using a subadditive function for the quintic function such that , for all .


For power distribution systems, recognizing the single-phase ground fault is very difficult because there are several faults with similar features. This paper presents a novel method that can help to overcome this difficulty. The idea is that the evolution process of fault is a whole, which is composed of several evolution stages including the transient state, the stable state and others. Meanwhile it describes the evolution process of fault in the time domain and the frequency domain, and find out the characteristic processing in the evolution process of fault. In the same time, it divided the fault into several stages in which presented the evolution process statue of faults. In the characteristic processing, it analyzed the fault classification that caused the neutral point voltage increase, and verified the fault characteristic libraries. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation and lab experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Consumption of alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area. In this study, we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention trial to investigate the effect of ALA-DAG on dietary fat oxidation in comparison with control triacylglycerol (TAG). Each subject (n=16) consumed either 2.5 g/d of ALA-DAG or TAG for 14-d, separated by a 21-d washout period. At the end of each consumption period, we assessed dietary fat oxidation. ALA-DAG consumption significantly enhanced dietary fat utilization as energy compared to TAG consumption.


Emotion is an important component of human existence. Since interpersonal human communication not only includes verbal communication but also nonverbal indicators. According to studies, more than half of communication is dependent on nonverbal indicators such as body language and facial emotions, which are difficult to conceal since they are considered as involuntary responses. Due to these factors, emotion detection is considered as a broad field of study with numerous real-world implications, which can promote widespread social interactions.


The present invention relates to 5-fluoro-sulfone-containing group as described herein and defined in the general formula (I), -N- (pyridin-2-yl) pyridin-2-amine derivatives, and a preparation method, in which the treatment and / or prevention of diseases - especially hyperproliferative diseases and / or infectious disease caused by a virus and / or cardiovascular disease - uses. The present invention further relates to intermediate compounds for preparing compounds of the formula (I) is.


We present a detailed analysis of the effect of an observationally determined dark matter (DM) velocity distribution function (VDF) of the Milky Way (MW) on DM direct detection rates. We go beyond local kinematic tracers and use rotation curve data up to 200 kpc to construct a MW mass model and self-consistently determine the local phase-space distribution of DM. This approach mitigates any incomplete understanding of local dark matter-visible matter degeneracies that can affect the determination of the VDF. Comparing with the oft used Standard Halo Model (SHM), which assumes an isothermal VDF, we look at how the tail of the empirically determined VDF alters our interpretation of the present direct detection WIMP DM cross section exclusion limits. While previous studies have suggested a very large difference (of more than an order of magnitude) in the bounds at low DM masses, we show that accounting for the detector response at low threshold energies, the difference is still significant although less extreme. The change in the number of signal events, when using the empirically determined DM VDF in contrast to the SHM VDF, is most prominent for low DM masses for which the shape of the recoil energy spectrum depends sensitively on the detector threshold energy as well as detector response near the threshold. We demonstrate that these trends carry over to the respective DM exclusion limits, modulo detailed understanding of the experimental backgrounds. With the unprecedented precision of astrometric data in the GAIA era, use of observationally determined DM phase space will become a critical and necessary ingredient for DM searches. We provide an accurate fit to the current best observationally determined DM VDF (and self-consistent local DM density) for use in analyzing current DM direct detection data by the experimental community.


In this retrospective cohort study, the authors evaluated 16 patients diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome who underwent MR imaging, including MRA, within 72 hours of RCVS onset (initial MRA) and within 48 hours of thunderclap headache remission. In 14 of the 16 patients (87.5%), centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction occurred from the initial MRA to remission of thunderclap headache, with typical segmental vasoconstriction of major vessels (M1, P1, A1). The authors conclude that there is evidence of centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction on MRA performed at the time of remission of the thunderclap headache, and this time point may represent a useful opportunity to diagnose RCVS with greater confidence. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by thunderclap headache and diffuse segmental vasoconstriction that resolves spontaneously within 3 months. Previous reports have proposed that vasoconstriction first involves small distal arteries and then progresses toward major vessels at the time of thunderclap headache remission. The purpose of this study was to confirm centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction on MRA at the time of thunderclap headache remission compared with MRA at the time of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 39 patients diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome at our hospital during the study period, participants comprised the 16 patients who underwent MR imaging, including MRA, within 72 hours of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome onset (initial MRA) and within 48 hours of thunderclap headache remission. RESULTS: In 14 of the 16 patients (87.5%), centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction occurred from the initial MRA to remission of thunderclap headache, with typical segmental vasoconstriction of major vessels. These mainly involved the M1 portion of the MCA (10 cases), P1 portion of the posterior cerebral artery (10 cases), and A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery (5 cases). CONCLUSIONS: This study found evidence of centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction on MRA obtained at the time of thunderclap headache remission, compared with MRA obtained at the time of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome onset. If clinicians remain unsure of the diagnosis during early-stage reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, this time point represents the best opportunity to diagnose reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome with confidence.


A software application for correlating and fusion information products from multiple dissimilar sensors is presented. The Tactical Multi Sensor Fusion (TMSF) system is a C++ object oriented application implementing data correlation and fusion algorithms which provide decision aids for identifying, locating, and determining the status of processing equipment within suspected weapons of mass destruction sites. The TMSF system also provides valuable information for assessing weapon delivery accuracy and effectiveness.


Motivated by magnetic-resonance experiments for La 2-δ Sr δ CuO 4 at temperatures up to 900 K, we calculate the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T 1 for Cu nuclei within the Gaussian approximation at high temperatures (T≥J/2) for the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and at T=∞ for the t-J model, taking into account the transferred as well as the direct hyperfine coupling. For the Heisenberg model, including the transferred coupling weakens the temperature dependence of 1/T 1 and leads to better agreement with the experimental data than the calculation that only includes direct hyperfine coupling


There were some problems in the university,such as repeat purchase of laboratory equipment,inefficient,information closure,etc.Based on the analysis of status of experimental platform in university,several construction and management solutions were proposed to build a new experiment platform and use new management methods,so as to increase the utilization of limited resources.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the satisfaction of obtaining endometrial tissue in using endometrial sampling device and explore the influence for pathology diagnostic accordance rate, and to discuss the problem needs to focus in obtaining endometrial tissue with endometrial sampling device for endometrial cancer and precancerous lesion screening.

METHODS
Totally 204 cases using endometrial sampling device with the subsequent diagnostic curettage, hysteroscopy, or hysterectomy were collected. A comparison of pathological diagnosis between two methods was made. The relationship among specimen quantity, proficiency, pathological types and diagnostic accordance rate were analyzed.

RESULTS
The diagnostic accordance rate of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesion of two methods was 67% (20/30). 92.2% (188/204) cases successfully got the endometrial glands, 77.0% (157/204) cases got ≥ 5 specimens of glands and 62.3% (127/204) cases got ≥ 10 specimens of glands. When obtaining ≥ 5 but < 10 endometrial glands, the diagnostic accordance rate was 76.7% (23/30); however, obtaining ≥ 10 endometrial glands, the diagnostic accordance rate was 92.9% (118/127). The degree of specimen satisfaction of the first phase was lower than the second phase.

CONCLUSIONS
Obtaining ≥ 5 endometrial glands in using endometrial sampling device could satisfy the requirement of the basic pathological diagnosis. The proficiency of sampling and the pathological types could influence the degree of specimen satisfaction, and then influence the diagnostic accordance rate.


This paper discusses radioactive substances in ground water and methods for treatment or removal of the same. Radium and radon are considered as daughter products resulting from the decay of uranium and thorium minerals. The paper provides a radioactive decay series to show the progression of these elements. The paper then goes on to briefly discuss the health effects from this exposure. The most effective treatment has been found to be activated carbon for radon and standard cation exchange water softeners for radium.


There were approximately 37.9 million persons infected with HIV in 2018 globally, resulting in 770,000 deaths annually. Over 50% of this infection and deaths occur in sub‐Saharan Africa, with countries like Nigeria being seriously affected. Nigeria has one of the highest rates of new infections globally. To control HIV infection in Nigeria, there is a need to continually screen high‐risk groups for early HIV infection and subtypes using very sensitive methods. In this study, new HIV‐1 infection and circulating HIV‐1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors were determined. Performance characteristics of three commercial EIA kits were also evaluated.


but the mucosa appeared dry. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy revealed no significant finding at nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx and lar-ynx. During the referral, he was not delirious with Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (E-CAQ) score of 8/11 indicating a cognitive deficit. This was an improvement over previous ECAQ score of 2/11 during the psychiatric admission. White cell count 8.89 x 10 3 /uL, eosinophil count 0.04 x 10 3 /uL and serum electrolytes were within normal range. Neck ultrasonography revealed an enlarged with heterogenous hypoechoic area within measur- ing 1.5 x 8.1 cm. There was no evidence of liquefied component. The left parotid gland was normal. In sum, this finding was suggestive of right acute parotitis. The parotitis-specific criteria Modified Naranjo Probability Scale score was seven. He was encouraged to increase his oral intake to avoid dehydration. Sialogogue was prescribed to promote salivation. Intravenous amoxicil-International ABSTRACT Objective: Thioxanthene class, particularly flupenthixol is not yet an established cause of parotitis, a rare side effect of antipsychotics. However, the risk of parotitis is still possible due to its anticholinergic property. Results: We reported a case of flupenthixol decanoate-induced parotitis with xerostomia. According to the parotitis-specific criteria Modified Naranjo Probability Scale, flupenthixol decanoate is a probable cause of parotitis in this patient. Conclusion: Correct identification of flupenthixol as the responsible agent for anticholinergic-induced parotitis is the most pivotal step to treat the parotitis and prevent recurrence.


Objective To reseaech the inhibitory effects of arsenic on Human hepatocyte cells proliferation. Methods cultured Human hepatocyte cells,MTT was used to detect the survival rate of L-02 cells With different concentrations of sodium arsenite.Results the survival rate of L -02 cells was apparently higher after 2.5mmol/L NaAsO2 treatment,and 5mmol/L、10mmol/L NaAsO2 reduced the survival rate (P0.01).Conclusions The proliferation of the Human hepatocyte cells line is regulated in a double -phase manner, low concentration (2.5mmol/L) induces stimulation effect,but high concentration(5mmol/L、10mmol/L)inhibits the cell proliferation, hormesis are appeared toxicology.


We describe a new approach to derive numerical approximations of boundary conditions for high-order accurate finite-difference approximations. The approach, called the Local Compatibility Boundary Condition (LCBC) method, uses boundary conditions and compatibility boundary conditions derived from the governing equations, as well as interior and boundary grid values, to construct a local polynomial, whose degree matches the order of accuracy of the interior scheme, centered at each boundary point. The local polynomial is then used to derive a discrete formula for each ghost point in terms of the data. This approach leads to centered approximations that are generally more accurate and stable than one-sided approximations. Moreover, the stencil approximations are local since they do not couple to neighboring ghost-point values which can occur with traditional compatibility conditions. The local polynomial is derived using continuous operators and derivatives which enables the automatic construction of stencil approximations at different orders of accuracy. The LCBC method is developed here for problems governed by second-order partial differential equations, and it is verified for a wide range of sample problems, both time-dependent and time-independent, in two space dimensions and for schemes up to sixth-order accuracy.


The aircraft environmental control system (ECS) is a critical aircraft system that provides the appropriate environmental conditions to ensure the safe transport of air passengers and equipment. The functionality and reliability of ECS have elicited an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The heat exchanger is a particularly significant component of ECS because its failure reduces the system's efficiency and can lead to catastrophic consequences. Health assessment and fault diagnosis for the heat exchanger are necessary to perform maintenance and prevent risks in a timely manner. This paper presents fault-related parameter estimation methods based on strong tracking filter (STF) and logistic regression (LR) algorithm for heat exchanger health assessment and root cause classification, respectively. Heat exchanger fault simulation is conducted to generate performance degradation data, through which the proposed methods are validated. Results demonstrate that the proposed methods are capable of providing stable, effective, and accurate heat exchanger health assessment and root cause classification.


We propose a novel high-gain 60-GHz band planar dipole antenna for 60-GHz band 3-D system-in-package (SiP) front-end modules. To achieve high gain, we extend a dielectric substrate to main-beam direction. As a result of optimization of dielectric substrate length l, optimal substrate length l is 29.2mm(5.84λ0) since maximum gain of 15.3 dBi is obtained. Compared with l = 1.2 [mm] (0.24λ0), gain enhancement of 10 dB is derived. Simulation results have good agreement with measurement results. Therefore, we confirm validity of configuration of the antenna for gain enhancement at 60-GHz band.


The tin- bearing granites in the State of Goias, Brazil, form two groups of different ages: 1770 My for the Sucuri and Soledade massifs, 1658 - 1614 My. For the Serra Dourada, Serra da Mesa and Serra Branca massifs. The geology of the province suggests that these granites were emplaced in a rift context. The Sucuri and Soledade massifs are emplaced in gneisses of Archean age, the others massifs are intrusive in the Serra da Mesa Group, a sedimentary formation composed of pelites and greywackes. This Group was metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies (kyanite- almandine- biotite paragenesis). According to several thermobarometric tools, the temperature was around 540°C and the pressure between 5 and 7 kBar. The age of the sediments is supposed to be lower Proterozoic, in accordance with the age proposed for the Serra Dourada massif (1653 My. . The Serra Dourada massif is composed of four rock types. The petrographic, mineralogic observations and geochemical data reveal a main trend, composed of an amphibole- bearing facies, a biotite- bearing facies, and a fine grained porphyritic facies. . Garnet- bearing granites do not show any relations with the main trend. The contents of these granites in Nb, Y, Zr, Ce, La, Ga, and their MgO/TiO₂ ratio (around 1) are similar to those of the anorogenic granites of South Western United States and Gabo suite of Australia. However, niobium shows a compatible behaviour in Serra Dourada, in contrast to its incompatible behaviour in many anorogenic granites. . . //. . . The compositional variations of the beryllium minerals observed in skarns may be explained by the following processes : -either a late arrival of silica- rich solutions (high Si/Al ratio, presence of phenacite or helvite) within early formed alumina- rich parageneses (musgravite, chrysoberyl), - or a limited mobility of Al relatively to Si, which would induce a limited extension of the aluminous parageneses (musgravite, chrysoberyl). The activity of aluminum plays an essential role in the stability of the beryllium minerals : phenacite and/or helvite are stable when it is low, and beryl, chrysoberyl or musgravite when it is high. However, the increase of activity of other elements (Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, alkalis) that would induce the formation of minerals incorporating alumina (garnet or felspars) would be unfavourable to the formation of beryl. Helvite is thus typically stable in calcic skarns, and it is associated with phenacite in the rocks submitted to alkaline metasomatism. Beryl, on the contrary, normally appears when acidic fluids separates from highly evolved granitic magmas (aplopegmatitic stage). The zonation of helvite crystals in albitites (genthelvite core, danalite border) reflects the decrease of alkalinity of the fluids. This zonation on the crystal scale is also observed on the outcrop scale: helvite composition varies from Ge₆₄Da₁₀He₂₆ in the internal zone to Ge₂₃Da₅₀He₂₆, in the external zone. The same variation is observed in an albitized siderophyllite vein, from Ge₂₅Da₄₂He₃₃ in a slightly albitized zone to Ge₅₅Da₃₉He₂₂ in a highly albitized one. The formation of genthelvite is favoured, as compared with the other members of the helvite group, by alkaline conditions. The compositional variations of helvite in the Sucuri massif would result from variations in fs2 and f02, in the fluids. Genthelvite is stable under alkaline and oxidizing conditions.


The changes of affixation morphology have a number of effects on  the changes of sentence structure (syntax) in Mandailing language. The process of changes can also lead to a change in meaning directly. The objective of the research was to find out morphological change of affixes which  effected the changing of sentences structures (syntax) in Mandailing language. The method  which is used to carry out this research is qualitative research method. The type of research approach which is  used in this research is descriptive qualitative research, which is one type of qualitative research that uses a descriptive analysis process. Descriptive is intended to describe and get information about the data needed precisely. The data were collected by using observation and interview. The source of data in this research was taken from many informant of native speakers of Mandailing   language which had been  listened and interviewed by the researcher whether in the form of observation and interview. The research result of the research was finding many affixes in Mandailing language and three formula that was generally effected morphological change of affixes which was also effect the sentence structures and meaning of the sentences. They were ma + kt. dasar, ma + kt.dasar + i, ma + kt.dasar + kon/hon.


Software cost estimation is the process of predicting the amount of effort required to build a software system. Models provides one or more mathematical algorithms that compute cost as a function of a number of variables, size is primary cost factor in most models and can be measuring using lines of code (LOC). The models should be used to estimate the cost of software, SLIM is a useful model to estimate the cost and it is a good model for big projects, also this model required some parameters to generate an estimation. Software cost estimation always characterized one of the biggest challenges in Computer Science for the last decades. Because time and cost estimate at the early stages of the software development are the most difficult to obtain, and they are often the least accurate. Traditional algorithmic techniques such as regression models, Software Life Cycle Management (SLIM), require an estimation process in a long term.


【In this paper, we propose a CMOS-memristor hybrid circuit that can perform 4-bit multiplication for future energy-efficient computing in nano-scale digital systems. The proposed CMOS-memristor hybrid circuit is based on the parallel architecture with AND and OR planes. This parallel architecture can be very useful in improving the power-delay product of the proposed circuit compared to the conventional CMOS array multiplier. Particularly, from the SPECTRE simulation of the proposed hybrid circuit with 0.13-mm CMOS devices and memristors, this proposed multiplier is estimated to have better power-delay product by 48% compared to the conventional CMOS array multiplier. In addition to this improvement in energy efficiency, this 4-bit multiplier circuit can occupy smaller area than the conventional array multiplier, because each cross-point memristor can be made only as small as $4F^2$ .】


While we were preparing a report to be presented before the Societe belge d'OtoRhino-Laryngologie, the following observation by H. A. Alderton came to our notice (Hicguet and Van Eyck, 1947). The title of the clinical paper was "Trephining of Stapedial Footplate for Otitis Media Sclerosa," and it appeared in 1898. In view of the present extensive interest in stapes mobilization and footplate fenestration in otology, it seems of interest to call the attention of our colleagues to that old contribution, which, in view of its historical interest, seems to deserve publication in extenso. So wrote Alderton: Miss Lillian F. came under the writer's care Dec. 10, 1896, complaining of hardness of hearing and tinnitus in both ears, more marked in the right. The whisper was heard in the right ear at 4½ feet for the most audible sentences. Eustachian tube free. Tuning fork reaction. After treatment with the catheter, etc.,


Abstract This article presents a robust method for detecting multiple outliers from multidimensional data using robust Mahalanobis distance. Initial scatter matrix for robust Mahalanobis distance is constructed using a robust estimator of covariance ( ) established from a robust scale estimator Sn and casewise median are chosen to be the location vector. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the results of simulated samples. This outlier detection method is compared with some well-known methods available in the current literature. The application of the proposed method in real-life data is also executed in this article.


In the last decade or so, new information and communications technologies (ICTs) have added considerably to the resources that people use for information and communications. These include many different resources in broadcasting, telecommunications, the internet and information technology. Some – such as community radio and mobile telephony – have achieved extensive reach in developing countries; others – such as the internet – are not yet widely distributed.


ABSTRACT An agent-based model (ABM) is developed to explore the socio-hydrological and economic impacts of a water transfer project, as a supply enhancement strategy, on the cap-and-trade scheme, as a demand-side management practice, in Rafsanjan Plain, Iran. The modelling scheme benefits from a distributed groundwater model coupled with a socio-economic ABM to explore the social and economic impacts of the proposed supply enhancement and demand management strategies. The main goal of the integrated model is to investigate how the supply enhancement strategies and the cap-and-trade policy can bring about more favourable hydrological, social, and economic results in the recipient basin. Findings indicate that integration of the supply augmentation and the cap-and-trade policy can facilitate the emergence of collective action in the farmer society. It is shown that the combination of these two policies, when implemented to mitigate water scarcity, reduces economic costs incurred on both farmers and the government and brings about more favourable socio-hydrological outcomes.


While mobile applications are increasing in use and complexity, the computational constraints on mobile devices remain as the bottleneck for serving computation-intensive mobile applications. Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides a computing paradigm to serve the computational demands of such mobile applications by offloading the mobile devices' computational tasks to the edge servers. Double auction has been adopted in MEC to provide a mechanism to assign the tasks of mobile devices to the edge servers while considering the satisfaction level for both entities. We improve the double auction mechanism beyond prior research in MEC. Specifically, we construct a model to support the real-world practices in the pricing scheme of edge computing, such as that provided by Amazon, and to support the parallelizing and distributing of workloads to multiple edge servers. We propose an efficient mechanism to achieve the optimal social welfare by converting the allocation problem to a minimum cost flow problem. In addition to reaching the optimal social welfare in polynomial time computations, our proposed mechanism achieves individual rationality and strong balance budget.


Many scientific disciplines are shifting from in vitro to in silico research as more physical processes and natural phenomena are examined in a computer (in silico) instead of being observed (in vitro). In many of these virtual laboratories, the computations involved are very complex and long lived. Currently, users are required to manually handle almost all aspects of such computations, including their dependability. Not surprisingly, this is a major bottleneck and a significant source of inefficiencies. To address this issue, we have developed BioOpera, an extensible process support management system for virtual laboratories. The authors briefly discuss the architecture and functionality of BioOpera and show how it can be used to efficiently manage long lived computations.


Objective:To protokaryotic express and purify the nonstructural protein NS4B of dengue virus type 2,and toprepare the polyclonal antibody against NS4B.Methods:The gene for the area that includes amino acids 24 to 238 ofNS4B was amplified,then the fragment was cloned into plasmid pGEX-4T-1 to construct the expression plasmid.The recombinant NS4B-GST fusion protein was expressed after the expression plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)and induced by IPTG.The fusion protein was detected by SDS-PAGE,and eluted from polyacrylamide gels.Then anti-NS4B antiserum was prepared in mice against NS4B and the antibody titer was determined by immunofluorescence assay.Results:NS4B of dengue virus type 2 as a GST fusion protein was successfully expressed.The polyclonal antibody againstNS4B was prepared,and the antibody titer is 1∶800.Conclusion:The amino acids 24 to 238 of NS4B of dengue virustype 2 can induce the effective and specific polyclonal antibody in mice.It makes some basis for the further understandof the structure and the function on NS4B of dengue virus.


This paper presents a flexible shape-based texture analysis method by investigating the co-occurrence patterns of shapes. More precisely, a texture image is represented by a tree of shapes, each of which is associated with several attributes. The modeling of texture is thus converted to characterize the tree of shapes. To this aim, we first learn a set of co-occurrence patterns of shapes from texture images, then establish a bag-of-words model on the learned shape co-occurrence patterns (SCOPs), and finally use the resulting SCOPs distributions as features for texture analysis. In contrast with existing work, the proposed method not only inherits the strong ability to depict geometrical aspects of textures and the high robustness to variations of imaging conditions from the shape-based texture analysis method, but also provides a more flexible way to model shape relationships (high-order statistics) on the tree. To our knowledge, this is the first time to use co-occurrence patterns of explicit shapes as a tool for texture analysis. Experiments of texture retrieval and classification on various databases report state-of-the-art results and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Competitive dopamine receptor antagonists increase the rate of cocaine self‐administration. As the rate of self‐administration at a particular unit dose is determined by the satiety threshold and the elimination half‐life (t1/2) of cocaine, we investigated whether dopamine receptor antagonists altered these parameters in rats. The plasma cocaine concentration at the time of each self‐administration was constant during a session demonstrating that this satiety threshold concentration represents an equiactive cocaine concentration. The plasma cocaine concentration at the time of self‐administration was increased by SCH23390, consistent with pharmacological theory. In rats trained to reliably self‐administer cocaine, SCH23390 had no effect on the plasma steady‐state cocaine concentration produced by constant infusions of cocaine. Therefore, this antagonist had no effect on cocaine t1/2 at a dose that accelerated cocaine self‐administration. A constant cocaine infusion at a rate that maintained steady state concentrations above the satiety threshold stopped self‐administration. SCH23390, or the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist (−)eticlopride, reinstated self‐administration in the presence of the constant cocaine infusion. This is consistent with SCH23390 and eticlopride raising the satiety threshold above the steady state level produced by the constant cocaine infusion. It is concluded that the antagonist‐induced acceleration of cocaine self‐administration is the result of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction whereby the rate of cocaine elimination is faster at the higher concentrations, as dictated by first‐order kinetics, so that cocaine levels decline more rapidly to the elevated satiety threshold. This results in the decreased interinjection intervals. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Following your need to always fulfil the inspiration to obtain everybody is now simple. Connecting to the internet is one of the short cuts to do. There are so many sources that offer and connect us to other world condition. As one of the products to see in internet, this website becomes a very available place to look for countless legality and legitimacy carl schmitt hans kelsen and hermann heller in weimar sources. Yeah, sources about the books from countries in the world are provided.


This article explores the relationship between life experience and pedagogy of four elementary teachers of culturally diverse students in the Southeastern United States. These teachers have had similar and contrasting experiences and have uniquely drawn from them and applied them to teaching in diverse classrooms. Accordingly, the study examined these teachers' practices in diverse classrooms, using their own life experiences as a framework for these practices. The pivotal life experiences of these four teachers seemed to focus on dimensions of culture (e.g. encounters with racism, rank in family birth order, exposure to military culture) and teacher and student relationships (e.g. attention provided by a teacher, negative attitudes expressed by a teacher). Findings revealed that 1) these teachers have fashioned their teaching styles and practices after their own backgrounds and have discovered the duality of personal and professional experiences; and 2) teachers who understand themselves in complicated ways may be more reflective about the complex lives of their students.


Elementary school-age children actually like to play, therefore teachers must be creative in developing learning that contains elements of play. This study aims to find out how the picture and picture strategy uses the students' learning interest in science subjects. Research using qualitative methods data collection techniques observation and interviews. The subject of this research comes from MI students in Dusun V Tanjung Bandar Khalifah Kec. Percut sei sir. The research results are; first, the picture and picture learning strategy has a strong influence on students' learning interest in the science subject on butterfly metamorphosis. Second, the use of picture and picture learning strategies is proven to be able to provoke students' activeness and courage. Third, this strategy can also improve students' creative thinking skills because students are asked to arrange pictures and tell them.


Routine post-mortemexaminationhas shown that it is not particularly uncommon for babies to die from this cause. Potter reported24 instancesamong2000 unselected autopsieson newbornand stillborn infants (Potter, 1940), and Rogers quotes Adair's 10 cases of hremoperitoneum from torn subcapsular heematoma in 1046 autopsies (Rogers, 1934), Both series indicate that about 1% of neonataldeathsarise in this way, and it is generally concededthat, after intracranial lesions,hepatic injury is the next commonest cause of fatal trauma in the newborn. Even so, there is very little literature on the subject,and text-booksof obstetricsand prediatricsgive it scantattention. The diagnosis is rarely made before death, because intraperitonealheemorrhageis still regarded-ifit is considered at all-as a post-mortemspectacleand not as a dramatic event in the maternity hospital nursery."


Background and Purpose Currently there are more and more studies on the association between short-term effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) and the morbidity of stroke attack, but few have focused on stroke subtypes. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between PM and stroke subtypes attack, which is uncertain now. Methods Meta-analyses, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the association between short-term effects of exposure to PM and the morbidity of different stroke subtypes from a number of epidemiologic studies (from 1997 to 2012). Results Nineteen articles were identified. Odds ratio (OR) of stroke attack associated with particular matter ("thoracic particles" [PM10]<10 µm in aerodynamic diameter, "fine particles" [PM2.5]<2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) increment of 10 µg/m3 was as effect size. PM10 exposure was related to an increase in risk of stroke attack (OR per 10 µg/m3 = 1.004, 95%CI: 1.001∼1.008) and PM2.5 exposure was not significantly associated with stroke attack (OR per 10 µg/m3 = 0.999, 95%CI: 0.994∼1.003). But when focused on stroke subtypes, PM2.5 (OR per 10 µg/m3 = 1.025; 95%CI, 1.001∼1.049) and PM10 (OR per 10 µg/m3 = 1.013; 95%CI, 1.001∼1.025) exposure were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke attack, while PM2.5 (all the studies showed no significant association) and PM10 (OR per 10 µg/m3 = 1.007; 95%CI, 0.992∼1.022) exposure were not associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke attack. Meta-regression found study design and area were two effective covariates. Conclusion PM2.5 and PM10 had different effects on different stroke subtypes. In the future, it's worthwhile to study the effects of PM to ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively.


The central issue of this research is to investigate and measure the stock price in the Brazilian financial market. It was investigated the influence of the third and fourth time in the pricing of assets, the influence of co-skewness in correlation with the proxy IBOV stocks, the influence of cokurtosis in correlation with the proxy IBOV stocks, the influence of co-skewness and co-kurtosis in the correlation between the proxy IBOV and stocks, its performance compared with the CAPM and the increase of the accuracy. Is was developed a literature review and a study of time series of the stocks that constituted the Ibovespa index in 30 May 2008, which was analyzed with the use of multiple regressions with the variables to systematic volatility, the systematic skewness and systematic kurtosis. As a result it was observed conclusively that co-skewness and co-kurtosis do not improve the performance of the model of pricing of assets.


The opinions expressed in this document represent the views of the authors. They are not necessarily shared by the Commission of the European Union or by the authorities of the countries concerned.


Frank P. Popoff, president and chief executive officer of Dow Chemical Co., has accepted the chairmanship of the Campaign Executive Committee of the American Chemical Society's fund-raising effort, Campaign for Chemistry. He succeeds Richard E. Heckert, Du Pont's chairman of the board and chief executive officer, who has chaired the committee since its inception in July 1987. Popoff will be assisted in his chairmanship role by Keith R. McKennon, executive vice president for Dow and president of Dow Chemical U.S.A. The Campaign Executive Committee, which has a rotating chairmanship, is the coordinating body for the fund-raising drive and consists of 20 chemical industry executives and four ACS officials. Its aim is to solicit contributions from corporations, foundations, and ACS members. More than $10.2 million, or 29% of the campaign's $35 million goal, already has been raised under Heckert's leadership as campaign chairman, in large part from corporations. Plans for soliciting the general ACS membership ...


In vocabulary teaching,different teaching methods should be adopted according to different teaching objectives and learners'different vocabulary levels.Interaction plus input treatment is more effective for low-level learners;however,for medium-level and high-level learners,input plus interaction treatment is better.


To investigate the damage features in quasi isotropic laminates and the influence of stacking sequence, tensile tests were conducted for six types of CFRP(Carbon fiber reinforced plastics) laminates. A microscope was used to observe the matrix cracking and delamination, and the ultimate strength was measured. Stress analyses were performed based on the FEM code ANSYS. The correlation between the numerical results and the practical observations was discussed. It is shown that damage (matrix cracking and delamination) initiates and growths around the 90 degree ply for all types of specimens. The tensile strength of specimens with 0 degree ply in the outer side is the highest, and those in which the 0 ply is placed in the second layer have lower strength. When the 0 ply is located in the inner side, the strength is the smallest. For each case, the equal angle stacking structure is better than the unequal angle stacking one. So the equal angle stacking structure with the 0 degree ply in the outer side is the best among the specimens examined, and it shows good damage tolerance features, i.e., there exists a long period between the first ply failure and the last ply failure. The FEM analysis results qualitatively agree well with the experimental observations.


1. In the Schools 2. Missionary Work 3. In Hospitals and Clinics 4. Serving the Undeserved 5. Pastoral Work 6. Spiritual Companions 7. In the Cloister 8. On the Cutting Edge 9. Encounters with Judaism 10. The Creative Dimension 11. Two African-American Voices 12. Structures and Fissures 13. Summoned to Lead 14. The Decision to Leave 15. Staying the Course 16. Living in the Present 17. Envisioning the Future


The invention relates to the technical field of a new marine product processing method and application of the processed product. The invention provides a preparation of active polypeptide from a marine animal sipunculid, which comprises the following steps of performing enzymatic hydrolysis to sipunculid or extractive protein thereof, purifying the obtained enzymatic hydrolysis solution with ion-exchange chromatography, concentrating by evaporation, deaminating, and freeze drying. The obtained sipunculid polypeptide shows activity of resisting oxidation, enhancing sports ability and preventing oxidation injury caused by sports in animal experiments. The product prepared from the sipunculid polypeptide can be used for sports nutrition.


With dynamic imbalances caused by both software and ever more complex hardware, applications and runtime systems must adapt to dynamic load imbalances. We present a diffusion-based, reactive, fully asynchronous, and decentralized dynamic load balancer for a distributed actor library. With the asynchronous execution model, features such as remote procedure calls, and support for serialization of arbitrary types, UPC++ is especially feasible for the implementation of the actor model. While providing a substantial speedup for small- to medium-sized jobs with both predictable and unpredictable workload imbalances, the scalability of the diffusion-based approaches remains below expectations in most presented test cases.


High voltage polarization domains in functional dielectrics and the ability to orient them with an external applied electric field lead to the development of a variety of applications of energy con...


Shanghai has attracted wide attention because of its cultural and geographic significance in China, and has become, in the respect of modern history studies in particular, the object of study for one school, i.e. Shanghai School. Moreover, Shanghai has become a city of topic due to its uniqueness in politics, economy, culture, in the writing of the 20th - century Chinese literature. The writing of Wan An-yi has a direct bearing on her life experience during her sojourn in Shanghai. This paper aims to analyze the gradual process of Wang' s portrayal of Shanghai in her writing. Wang An-yi has, through her writings and her characterization, testified that Shanghai is a peculiar place on the native land of China.


The structural rearrangement of quenchedtitanate glasses reheated at T_g. was investigated by ESR andIR spectroscopies. From the ESR observations it is suggestedthat the structure was readjtsted and became more compactafer the heat-treatment. A removal of residual vacancies isrelated to the diffusion of oxygen ions. The combination ofmore oxygen with titanium ions to form titanium-oxygenpolyhedra and the transformation of boron-oxygen groups areconfirmed from IR spectra. Some physical properties are improved after heating.


This study evaluates residential property as an institutional asset group in two European countries (Switzerland and the Netherlands). These are countries where housing is the main institutional property asset group, with institutional property portfolio allocations of over 52% and 50% respectively. Two criteria were used to evaluate residential property as an institutional asset group. First, the size of the private rented stock potentially available for institutional investors must be sufficiently large in order to provide significant diversification benefits. Second, in terms of risk and return, housing must offer good mean‐variance performance. Direct residential property is compared with other asset groups: shares (domestic and European indices), government bonds and indirect non‐residential property. A bootstrap analysis (Efron, 1979; Liang et al., 1996; Ziobrowski el al., 1997) is employed to estimate confidence intervals for the optimum level of residential property in mixed‐asset portfolios. The paper concludes, on balance, that there is a case for a residential property component within portfolios in these two countries.


Jiangyin Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a steel suspension bridge with a mainspan of 1 385m. The paper gives a summary to the general situations of engineering, overalllayout, design and construction of the bridge.


Cataract surgery is the most common ophthalmic procedure worldwide with a high rate of patient satisfaction. Cataract surgery has evolved, with better refractive outcomes through modern surgical techniques and intraocular lenses (IOLs). It is critical to identify ocular surface dysfunction preoperatively, especially for patients with specific refractive visual goals, or desire for premium IOL implantation. However, they are not always recognized preoperatively. According to the 2018 ESCRS Clinical Trends Survey, less than half (47%) of the physicians were systematically checking the ocular surface in all cases prior to cataract surgery. Ocular surface abnormalities compromise surgical outcomes, and the dysfunction management is known to be essential. The challenge might be more significant in university hospitals, where patients might have various backgrounds, often complicated by other disorders, and surgical staff can have expertise in multiple fields. Therefore, consecutive patients who underwent preoperative measurement for cataract surgery at Osaka University Hospital between February 2019 and March 2019 were included. We prospectively evaluated their corneal indices regardless of their background (other ocular diseases or combined with other surgeries). All patients received comprehensive corneal examinations, including Placido-disk based topography (TMS-5, Tomey), Scheimpflug-based tomography (Pentacam HR, OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH), and corneal biomechanical assessment (Corvis ST, OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH) as part of the preoperative tests. Coexisting pathologies and surgical interventions scheduled are tabulated in Table 1. Of all 101 eyes, 17 eyes were excluded because of the low quality of data, and 13 eyes had evident preexisting ocular surface disorders. Of the remaining 71 eyes, 16 eyes (23%) had topographic abnormality at the anterior corneal surface when applied to the objective criteria for normal topography, keratoconus screening programs (ie, 0% Klyce/Maeda Index and 0% Smolek/Klyce Index), and an inferior–superior asymmetry value of less than 1.4 diopter (D) at 6.0mm.Of the 55 eyes with normal corneal topography, 26 eyes had abnormal values in at least one of the following indexes: Belin/ Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Deviation, Corvis Biomechanical Index, and Tomographic/Biomechanical Index. According to the reported cutoff values used for refractive screening, Belin/ Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Deviation more than 1.6 was seen in 24 eyes (44%), Corvis Biomechanical Index more than 0.5 in 3 (5%), and Tomographic/Biomechanical Index more than 0.29 in 13 (24%) (Figure 1). In this study, 42 eyes (59%) of the patients, who were thought to have no preexisting corneal or ocular surface abnormalities, showed abnormal values on corneal curvature and/or biomechanics based on refractive screening criteria during routine preoperative tests prior to cataract surgery. Surprisingly, no abnormality in the cornea/ocular surface was evidently diagnosed preoperatively in 71 (85%) of the 84 eyes, when only poor quality data were excluded. Considering that ocular surface dysfunction is common in cataract surgery candidates and is often asymptomatic, some subtle or mild abnormality might be overlooked. A recent report from the ASCRS proposed an algorithm for preoperative diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface disorders. It emphasizes that ocular surface diseases, particularly dry eye disease, compromise results of corneal, cataract, and refractive surgery. However, other corneal abnormalities such as mild irregular astigmatism, subclinical corneal ectasia, and subtle corneal scarring should also not be overlooked. Usually, such subtle abnormalities rarely cause serious visual problems preoperatively; however, they might affect postoperative outcomes, especially those associated with premium IOLs, leading to patient dissatisfaction. Overall, our study results suggest the existence of clinically subtle ocular surface abnormalities prior to cataract surgery in university hospital settings, at situations focused on the concurrent other active disorders treated surgically. This might be partly because we applied enhanced refractive screening criteria to our cases of mixed surgeons, including nonsubspecialists for corneal or refractive surgery,


The methods and the ways of information spreading have been changed, which made much impact on the old enterprise business model (EBM). On the one hand, the role of clients has changes in the old EBM because clients have gained more information. They want to promote their position in the new EBM. On the other hand, new changes have taken place in the company structure and the integration of value in the new EBM. In order to suit the new conditions the value achieving team should take the place of the position of staff and the way of management that must be changed in the company.


Non-alignment is...simply a statement of a particular country that it will determine its policies for itself according to its own judgement about its needs and merits of a case. It is thus a refusal to be party to any permanent diplomatic or military identification with the Great Powers; it is a refusal to take part in any alliance or to allow any military bases by the Great Powers of the world. 1


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the injectable phosphatidycholine used for fat-dissolving. Methods The mice were give injection of phosphatidycholine into subcutaneous fat, intradermal injection, and intramuscular injection with 5% phosphatidycholine ( 0.08ml(4mg)/cm2 ). Gross observation, histological test and the detection of side effects in the whole body was undertaken to analyze the results. Results Phosphatidycholine has obvious damage to fat-deposits, the skin and muscle tissues as well. The obvious side effects to the whole body were not found. Conclusion The injectable phosphatidycholine is effective for local fat-dissolving, but the damage to the tissues is non- specific.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: method comprises measuring the angle of arrival of an electromagnetic wave (bearing) α meas (t) from an object from one measuring point, the position of which is known, wherein signals emitted by the object include an identification code thereof; while emitting the signal, measuring at the object, the velocity ν meas of said signal along a road network element; encoding a signal that is proportional to the measured velocity and transmitting the obtained code over a radio link to the measuring point where, after receiving and decoding, a value of the measured velocity is obtained; after a time Δt, re-measuring the bearing α meas (t+Δt), with identification thereof from the identification code of the object; determining the length of the path Δe=Δtν meas traversed over time Δt; based on the measured bearing α meas (t) and parametric models of the bearing α i (e), i = 1, I ¯ , given in the function of a natural parameter, for each road network element, determining the values of the natural parameter e i * , i = 1, I ¯ , corresponding to points of intersection of the position line for the measured bearing α meas (t) and the road network element; for each of said elements, determining bearing candidates α i ( e i * + Δ e ) , i = 1, I ¯ , corresponding to movement of the object by a distance Δe, and determining the number i* of road network elements on which the object is located based on the condition of minimal mismatch between said candidates and the measured bearing α meas (t+Δt); determining coordinates of the object as coordinates of the point of intersection of the position line corresponding to the measured bearing (α meas (t) or α meas (t+Δt)) and the i*-th road network element. EFFECT: unique determination of a mobile object associated with a road network. 4 dwg


Imaging detection and Charge Coupled Device(CCD) detector was adopted in fluorescence detection of DNA capillary electrophoresis in order to decrease the detection width and improve the efficiency and speed of DNA separation.The importance of small detection width for high-speed capillary electrophoresis,especially the separation performed in micro-fluid device,was illustrated according to theoretical calculation based on resolution theory of capillary electrophoresis.The performances of imaging detection and conventional intensity detection were measured and compared.The method of data processing to intensify the DNA band signal of CCD detector was proposed,and verified by simulation.Imaging detection and its data processing method can remarkably decrease the detection width of capillary electrophoresis,and then improve the efficiency and speed of DNA separation.


Abstract interpretation is a technique extensively used for global dataflow analyses of logic programs. Existing implementations of abstract interpretation are slow due to interpretive or transforming overhead and the inefficiency in manipulation of global information. Since abstract interpretation mimics standard interpretation, it is a promising alternative to compile abstract interpretation into the framework of the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) for better performance. In this paper, we show how this approach can be effectively implemented in a low-cost manner. To evaluate the possible benefits of this approach, a prototype dataflow analyzer has been implemented for inference of mode, type and variable aliasing information of logic programs. For a subset of benchmark programs in [15], it significantly improves the performance by a factor of over 150 on the average.


This work presents developments on the usage of a viable measure of listening effort, that is the response time, in the framework of auralization. The approach is confirmed to be informative and suitable to evaluate the current means of acoustical renderings. In particular the manipulation of the noise signals and of the speakers' spectrum is introduced in the auralization process. It is shown that, even in conditions where speech intelligibility is kept constant, the response time can disclose the listener effort according to the required processing load to achieve the given accuracy of reception. Applications to the acoustical design of rooms for speech communication are discussed.


By being sensitive to the precursors of runaway behavior and by being aware of the morbidity associated with living on "the street," the family physician can play both a preventive and therapeutic role. Advocacy by the family physician for appropriate shelters and rehabilitative services within the community can further contribute to effective management to this problem.


The relevance of the question is due to the increased recent interest of the state in the activities of large corporate structures, because corporations, having economic strength, are able to influence the development of the country's economy and solve certain socio-economic problems. The purpose of this article is to identify tools and measures of support, as well as forms of financing of corporations by the state. In the process of research such General scientific methods of cognition as analysis, synthesis, induction and generalization were used. The article describes the role, importance and effectiveness of public participation in the development of the corporate sector, analyzes the tools, measures and forms of state support and financing of corporate activities, and presents the most discussed government programs, it also describes the possible prospects for the development of the corporate sector with the support of the state. The results obtained in the framework of the study can be used in the process of forming the financial strategy of corporations. Keyword: public finance, corporate sector, public-private partnership Cite as: Chernenko, V.A., Lyadova, Yu.O. (2019) [Public financing of industrial enterprises of the corporate sector of the economy]. Intellekt. Innovatsi. Investitsii [Intellect. Innovation. Investments]. Vol. 1, p. 65-71. Корпоративный сектор отечественной экономики играет значимую роль, поскольку крупные корпоративные структуры образуют прочный каркас экономики, способствуя ее становлению и развитию. Благодаря деятельности крупных корпораций происходит повышение эффективности рыночных механизмов и рычагов управления экономики. Возможность производить сложную продукцию, используя современное оборудование и технологию, позволяет корпорациям достигать более высокую


Many processes in food technology in- volve water migration from or into the processed product. Modeling of food water migration knowl- edge could result speeding up the processes, improv- ing the quality of final products, and reducing en- ergy costs. A mathematical formulation for mass transfer during drying and hydration of a porous solid sphere with volume change was developed in terms of the diffusion equation. The present model also provides an analytical expression for the aria- tion of water diffusivity with moisture content based on a simple relationship between the activation en- ergy for diffusion and sorption energy. The non- linear diffusion equation was solved numerically, moisture profiles, the kinetics curves for drying and hydration and the moisture concentration depend- ence of diffusivity coefficient were calculated. Marked differences were observed in the moisture profiles for drying and hydration. The kinetic curves of both processes are strongly dependent on the range of moisture tested. Moisture diffusivity falls drastically at low moisture contents.


Accountability and evaluation are necessary for counselor survival, warn these writers, who outline a three-step process for justifying the guidance program.


Background: Empyema thoracis in children causes significant morbidity. Standard treatment of Empyema thoracis includes tube drainage and antibiotics. But the tube drainage often fails. Intrapleural Streptokinase has been used in empyema thoracis with good success rate. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of intra-pleural Streptokinase in management of empyema thoracis even in advanced stages. Patients and Methods: A total of 28 patients with empyema thoracis requiring intercostal tube drainage aged zero to twelve years were included in the study who were admitted in Pediatric intensive care unit. 15,000 units/kg of Streptokinase was instilled into the pleural cavity. Response was assessed by clinical outcome, after unclamping and subsequent chest radiography and serial chest ultrasounds. Results: Streptokinase enhanced drainage in all patients with complete resolution of empyema thoracis in 26 patients. Two patients were referred for surgery. Only 7.2% required surgery. Streptokinase was equally effective if started before or after seven days. Conclusions: Intrapleural Streptokinase is the preferred treatment for treating pediatric empyema thoracis even in advanced stages and can avoid surgery.


The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) having an increased rate of fluoroquinolone resistance is currently noted in Egypt necessitating the implication of new strategies to restrain the rapid spread of this resistance. The approach of repurposing could present a solution to this problem. In the current study, the efficacy of the antifungal agent, caspofungin, in increasing the susceptibility of MRSA isolated from Alexandria Main University Hospital (AMUH) to a novel fluoroquinolone, zabofloxacin, was investigated. A percentage of 30.3% of tested isolates were found to be resistant to zabofloxacin. Upon treatment with subinhibitory concentration of caspofungin, these isolates had their zabofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration values decreased by a range varying from 2to 32-fold. Proteomic approach was performed to provide insights into the involved mechanism of caspofungin sensitization. The profiles of cellular proteins generated by electrophoretic techniques varied between treated and untreated MRSA samples with polymorphism values ranging from 82.4 to 94.1%. Homology was detected between 1,3-beta-glucan synthase (the fungal target enzyme of caspofungin) and SdrM, a multidrug efflux pump in S. aureus. This homology was elaborated by immunoblotting analysis which showed downregulation of SdrM efflux pump proteins. The percentage of reduction in the SdrM proteins expression level varied from 18 to 61%. Caspofungin succeeded in sensitizing zabofloxacin-resistant MRSA clinical isolates by blocking the action of SdrM efflux pump and inhibiting its extrusion. Further research is urgently required to endorse the repositioning of caspofungin as an agent used in combination with zabofloxacin in the management of MRSA infections with higher efficiency.


In the considered method of the H− beam diagnostics the information on beam parameters is taken out via the fast H° atoms which are produced in definite quantum states at the charge‐exchanging area of the transport line. The beam parameters are determined in the convenient area outside the transport line by means of a compact magnetic analyzer and electrons produced from a selective photoionization of the useful quantum state of the H° atoms. The realization of such diagnostics at the area of the charge‐exchanging H−→P injection of the meson factory storage rings is considered. If the information on the H− beam parameters is taken out via the fast H° atoms in metastable 2s‐quantum state the accuracies of correspondence between electron and ion distributions ≊10−2% in energy and ≊3×10−5 rad in angle coordinate can be obtained.


Smart cities are generally equipped with Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) as public infrastructure to have an overall perception of the air quality. However, the spatial density of the samples from the available public AQMS infrastructure is low, with a high cost of deployment and maintenance. Due to the spatial variation of the air quality and sparse deployment of AQMSs within a city, it is impossible to reliably obtain the air quality of a location far from a deployed AQMS. This paper provides a framework called AQuaMoHo that augments this existing system with a low-cost alternative that can even help the residents of a city to accurately monitor the air quality at any location in the town. AQuaMoHo relies on a low-cost thermo-hygrometer (THM) along with a GPS to populate various meteorological and demographic features, which are then used to predict the air quality reliably from any location. From a thorough study over two different cities, we observe that the proposed framework can significantly help annotate the air quality data at a personal scale.


In order to enhance the capability of warship class maintenance,the method of putting the IETM(Interactive Electronic Technical Manual) into the PMA(Portable Maintenance Aids) in warship class maintenance is discussed and the potential of its application is investigated.The key problem in the SILSs(Ship Integrated Logistics Support System) is the function appreciation.


Gender is a significant macroeconomic factor in studying liberalization of economy and economic growth. The ILO 'Gender, Poverty and Employment' (June 2000) report argues that gender, in particular, is a major determinant of rights, access and economic patterns of productive work. Economic  growth in any country should defiantly  diminish the gender disparity.Unfortunaterly India is country where discrimination against women is visible in matter related to birth ,education ,employment,wages,crime etc. Gender discrimination should matter not merely for the reason that we  are care givers, but for the sake of well being & capabilities of women herself. Women bear almost all responsibility for meeting basic needs of the family, yet are systematically denied the resources, information, freedom of action, they need to fulfill this responsibility.,and faces discrimination in being born. .More predominant is the fact that even though there is law against sex determination and sex selective abortion the sex ratio in India is declining in almost all states. According to India's 2011 census, there is a serious drop in the number of girls, below age 7, between 2001-2011. It is believed that nearly 8 million of female fetuses have been aborted over past decade (Geeta, 2011). Conversely, some demographers reject the idea of foeticide and explain the decrease in the number of female babies, as result of unreported female birth (Johansson &Nygren, 1991). If there has not been much progress in India in promoting gender equity and considerable measures were not taken in coming years, women in India may  continue to lay much behind men in many spheres and also continue to remain far behind the women in other developing countries. This paper tries to study the magnitude of sex selective abortion and the role of technology and economic growth in enhancing this trend.


For the past few decades, improving quality of services has been recognized as a critical issue in many countries, especially in developed economies. Operations Management (hereafter OM), the field which has been mainly concerned with quality improvement, has been leveraging concepts from the old total quality management programs to new six sigma programs.  The focus has been on metrics such as speed of service, errors, and other process variables.  Despite growing evidence of the economic value of delivering memorable customer experiences, there has been very little research in OM on how to design service processes that influence customer's perceptions during a service. The book "Customer Service Solution: Managing Emotions, Trust, and Control to Win Your Customers' Business" offers very well organized and systemic approaches to design service operations that impact the experience. This book not only presents fundamental psychological principles that have a bearing on perceptions but also gives methods for designing service processes that are in accordance with these concepts. Examples from the industries such as e-commerce, sports, healthcare, hospitality, and financial services, ground these concepts and make them accessible to a wide audience. This book is written by two reseachers in service operations management, Sriram Dasu (Associate Professor) and Richard B. Chase (Justin Dart Professor Emeritus) at Marshall School of Business (University of Southern California, USC), and is the first book that systematically studies the dynamics of customer psychology in service operations. The book contains eight chapters. The first chapter begins by emphasizing how implicit outcomes in a service encounter are important. Service organizations have been focusing on improving explicit outcomes, and explicit outcomes are significant because they are measurable and they secure specific levels of the qualities in the service. However, the authors argue that explicit outcomes cannot solely guarantee the satisfaction of customers. The first chapter lays out a framework for shaping the implicit or psychological outcomes.  They identify six factors that shape consumer's perceptions:  emotions, trust, control, sequence, duration, and attribution. Deeper descriptions of these six factors constitute the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 and 3 contain discussions of what is important (customer's emotions) and why it is important (for customer's trust). Chapter 2 introduce the concept of 'emotional intelligence,' a capability of perceiving, assessing, and controlling emotion, and outline techniques for systematically deal with emotions. The authors emphasize the importance of designing customized emotional theme and offer various management tools to assess emotions customer experience at each stage of service. Chapter 3 illustrates the authors' in-depth insight about the fundamental issue (information asymmetry and bounded rationality) about customer's trust. This chapter provides several principles and techniques to build trust. In chapter 4, the authors claim that service providers need to maximize customer perceptions of being in control. This chapter identifies the types of control and how and when to share control based on required knowledge and significance of the service. Chapter 5 and 6 covers two traditional concepts of OM, sequencing service delivery and perceptions of time. Chapter 5 introduces a way to organize the sequence of events in order to enhance the experience during and after the service. Based on the finding of behavioral scientists they argue that memories are collection of snapshot and not movies.  Hence it is important to identify moments that matter.  The authors discuss the types of moments during a service that will impact the perception of customers. They conclude with a number of methods to design the sequence. In chapter 6, they remind us that what matters is perceived time not actual amount of time passed. Depending on whether the customers are waiting or engaged, the time is wasted or results in value. Providers may want to dilate the perception of value-added time while shrinking the perceptions of wasted.  They present factors that influence duration judgments and discuss how to frame service encounters in order for good times to be remembered and for bad time to be forgotten. Chapter 7 covers the issue about how customers make attributions of the outcomes when a service encounter is completed. Building on previous chapters, the authors propose methods for structuring the service encounters to enhance customers' positive reactions instead of the negative.  Overall evaluation of the service, analysis of the cause of the outcomes – good or bad, and assignment of credit or blame are all subjective. Once again the authors present a range of theories that influence how subjects attribute blame or credit. They close the chapter with a collection of principles for managing attribution. Chapter 8 wraps up the book by presenting approaches for organizations to implement their ideas. They present two projects, "Improving the experience of online computer purchases" and "Improving interactions between nurses and chronic care patients" as examples of implementation plans. Overall, this book is very well written and all the chapters are constructed and linked in a sophisticated manner. It gradually translates fundamental concepts of behavioral sciences and social psychology to service system design principles. One of the interesting parts of this book is that there are many examples that were carefully selected to clarify the concepts and to make the readers reflect on their own experience. Therefore, once the readers get the idea they stick. This book is accessible and useful to both scholarly audience and practitioners. To scholars, the book provides great potential for the new avenue for study in multiple areas such as OM, Management Science, Marketing, and etc.


II. PROCEDURE .................................. 285 Study Areas ................................. 285 Vegetation Samples and Soil Data ..... ..... 286 Arrangement of Samples in Transects .... . 286 Evaluation of Transect Techniques . ..... . 288 Transect Tables ................... ....... 289 III. VEGETATION DESCRIPTION ...... ............. 291 Low Elevations on Diorite . ... ......... .. 291 Low Elevations on Gabbro ..... ........ 297 Low Elevations on Serpentine and the Two-Phase Ef fect .......... .............. . 299 Forest Vegetation of Higher Elevations on Diorite ......................... ....... 302 Vegetation of Higher Elevations on Serpentine . . 305


Introduction: The increasing use of electric generators in small scale businesses is predicated on the erratic and inadequate power supply in Nigeria. We assessed the work environment noise levels and developed a risk map for noise in two commercial locations Methods: Noise levels in A-weighted decibels (dBA) were measured over 12 weeks in 3 months at three times of the day (8am-10am, 11am-1pm and 3pm-6pm) using a calibrated sound level meter approximately 5 meters from sources. A geographical positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the coordinates of sampling points. Risk areas were defined thus; High risk [80-90 dB (A)], medium risk [70-80 dB (A)] and low risk [60-70 dB (A)] respectively. Results: The highest mean noise levels in Agbowo (93.7 dB) and Ajibode (90.3 dB) was obtained around 11am-1pm on Wednesday and Saturday respectively. In Agbowo; Enclosed location had the highest mean noise level (98.7dBA) as compared to road side location in Ajibode (81.7dBA). High risk areas were represented by enclosed and road side locations in Agbowo and Ajibode and were higher than the WHO guideline limit (65-70 dBA). Conclusion: Public enlightment on use of ear plugs and ear muffs while working in this commercial areas is advocated.


Palettized or indexed color images are the dominant type of image used on the "information super highway." In spite of this, most image compression algorithms are designed for continuous-tone images. This paper presents a method of losslessly compressing these palettized images, which treats each color independently. This color-plane method provides substantial compression improvement over other known methods for most images.


This article presents the results of a research made in order to determine the trophic status of the Laguna de La Cocha, an important body of water in Colombia and the world, which makes part of the RAMSAR Wetland Laguna de La Cocha, an ecosystem with different functions and the home of a big biodiversity that needs protection. To achieve this goal, this research was made between January and September 2013, determining the trophic status using the Carlson's index, the OECD's (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) index and the Carlson's index modified by Toledo. The results obtained made it possible to classify the Laguna de La Cocha as oligotrophic and ultraoligotrophic, typical characteristic of high-laying mountain lakes with low pollution processes of allochthonous and autochthonous origin.


We present a comprehensive study of bulk GeS optical properties and their anisotropy, by investigation of the fundamental band gap of the material and the energetically higher direct transitions.


There is a need for better knowledge of the production potential in organic stockless cereal production systems, and especially how legumes may be used most efficiently in the crop rotation. Field experiments were carried out during 2002-2005 to study biomass production, weed regulation effects, nutrient uptake and cereal yields at two experimental sites. Undersowing of clover is a common practice among organic cereal producers. Hence, crop rotations with four years of continuous undersowing (oats + red clover/wheat + white clover) were compared to rotations where the second year was a green manure ley. The average annual grain yields in the four year period were 25% higher with clover undersowing than in treatments without undersowing, but only 5% higher in rotations with one green manure year. Hence, the current practice of organic cereal producers seems relevant.


With substituted bisphenol A[2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-allylphenyl)propane], paraformaldehyde, and allylamine as the starting materials, a novel benzoxazine precursor without β-hydrogen is developed by a solventless procedure. The molecular structure is verified by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC and EA. It is confirmed that there are three reactive groups on the benzoxazine structure: N-allyl, Ar-allyl, benzoxazine ring. As the ortho and para positions on the phenol are occupied by different groups, it is quite significant to investigate the reaction of the three groups. So we synthesize some other kinds of benzoxazine, isothermal differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) are used to determine the detailed reactions of the three groups. It indicates that N-allyl and benzoxazine ring react nearly at the same temperature(about 246 ℃), and Ar-allyl reacts at about 350 ℃. Further more, with two different kinds of catalysts, the as-synthesized benzoxazine precursor is also studied by DSC and FTIR to determine the influence of the catalysts on curing. {Among} the catalysts tested, Lewis acids show promising results, while phenolic catalysts can also decrease the onset curing temperature of the benzoxazine ring. Choosing one sample catalyzed by TiCl-4, the curing reactions are discussed at different temperatures by FTIR and a mechanism of the benzoxazine precursor catalyzed by TiCl-4 is suggested.


The occurrence of several diseases in Conchocelis cultivation in Japan have been noticed. One of them is "Kamenoko (tortoise-shell-like) disease", which has hitherto been considered as cracks of shells caused by the luxuriant growth of Conchocelis. The authors studied the morphological aspects of this disease which occurred during the cultivation of Conchocelis in Kyusyu between the period from 1969 to 1970. The results observed are summarized as follows: Whereas normal shells are inhabited by Conchocelis alone, the shells infected with "Kamenoko disease" were perforated and inhabited also by mycelial thalli. This shellboring mycelium is composed of hyphae, branching mostly at nearly right angles and at moderate intervals, and measuring 1-2 μ in diameter. The main axial hyphae perforate the shell relatively straight from one end to the other. Especially, it is noteworthy as a characteristic structure of this species that the mycelium has small spherical nodules on its hyphae. The present species agrees well with the mycelial thallus which was identified by BORNET and FLAHAULT4) as Ostracoblabe implexa of the Saprolegniaceous fungus, and subsequently corrected by BORNETS5) to Verrucaria consequens of the lichen. In the cultivation of Conchocelis, the luxuriant growth of this species first injures the growth of Conchocelis and finally kills a part of them.


Objective To clarify the actions of somatostatin (SST) on the hepatic fibrogenesis in experimental rats. Methods Seventy five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups at random, including normal control, model control, SST-treated model groups of high, medium and low doses (200 μg•kg^(-1)•d^(-1), 100 μg•kg^(-1)•d^(-1) and 50 μg•kg^(-1)•d^(-1), respectively) (n=15, in each group). All rats, except for the normal controls, were injected with 40% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) subcutaneously for 8 weeks to establish hepatic fibrosis. Meanwhile, rats of SST-treated model groups were given different doses of SST twice a day in the same way. Then the liver function, serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LM), and collagen type Ⅳ (CⅥ) were tested. The collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and pathological changes in liver tissue were assessed. Results Being compared with the model control group, SST-treated groups, especially the medium and low dose ones, exhibited significantly improved indices of liver function, including alanine minotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBJL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Markedly lowered expression of serum HA, LM and tissular collagen types Ⅰ, Ⅲ were also detected radioimmunologically and immunohistochemically in the low dose SST-treated model group. Moreover, pathological findings, such as lessened fibrous septa, decreased hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), alleviated hepatic steatosis and attenuated inflammation, confirmed the significant improvement in fibrotic degree under the treatment of low dose rather than other doses of SST. Conclusion SST exerts the negative modulatory effect on hepatic fibrosis with a pathophysiological basis of extra-cellular matrixes (ECM) decreasing and hepatocyte protection. Low dose of SST (50μg•kg^(-1)•d^(-1) may be the optimum one among all doses.


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