The study aimed to identify the current situation of fish production in North Sinai Governorate, with a focus on fish production in Bardawil Lake, as it is the most important source of fish production in the governorate, As well as measuring the development and impact of environmental factors on fish production in that lake, with the aim of developing recommendations that help avoid some of the problems facing production, which were referred to in the research problem. The results showed that the annual catch of fish in North Sinai Governorate amounted to about 6.17 thousand ton during the period (2000-2010), and then decreased to about 4.59 thousand ton during the period (2011-2021). In general, the annual average of the amount of fish caught was about 5,38 thousand ton during the period (2000-2021). By studying the effect of environmental factors on the fishing units deployed in Lake Bardawil and working in the al-Dabba and al-Bos crafts, the results indicated that the most important factors affecting the productivity of the fishing units operating in the al-Dabba craft using Step wise Regression Analysis It is the decrease in the area of the lake, the decrease in the amount of food in the water (plant and animal plankton), and the decrease in the water temperature. By examining the impact of environmental factors on the productivity of fishing units operating in the linen craft, it was found that they are represented in the high level of salinity of the lake water, and the lack of purification of the lake's spurs, each of which leads to a decrease in fish production by an amount of about 2.24, 1.35 ton / year from the average. The year for each of them, respectively, and through the findings of the research. Conclusively , it is recommended to develop a timetable for clearing the Boaghiz and dredging the lake on an ongoing basis, and to provide financial resources for these operations.


Coastal ship tracking is used in many applications, such as autonomous navigation, maritime rescue, and environmental monitoring. Many general object-tracking methods based on deep learning have been explored for ship tracking, but they often fail to accurately track ships in challenging scenarios, such as occlusion, scale variation, and motion blur. We propose a memory-guided perception network (MGPN) to address these issues. MGPN has two main innovative improvements. The dynamic memory mechanism (DMM) in the proposed method stores past features of the tracked target to enhance the model's feature fusion capability in the temporal dimension. Meanwhile, the hierarchical context-aware module (HCAM) enables the interaction of different scales, global and local information, to address the scale discrepancy of targets and improve the feature fusion capability in the spatial dimension. These innovations enhance the robustness of tracking and reduce inaccuracies in the bounding boxes. We conducted an in-depth ablation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of DMM and HCAM. Finally, influenced by the above two points, MGPN has achieved state-of-the-art performance on a large offshore ship tracking dataset, which contains challenging scenarios such as complex backgrounds, ship occlusion, and varying scales.


This design is to choose the equipment and the style fitting the process of saline solution.Through this design,we can see clealy that so many factors do with the elctricity efficiency in the NaCl electrolytic processes,not only with the side reaction of electrolytic cell and the impurity irons.but also with the cell voltage,current.So if we want a good impact on the efficiency of electrolysis,we must control the various factors.


The outer cell membrane is a complex organ through which a cell communicates with its environment. Events like contact inhibition, cell-cell co-operation, cytostasis (inhibition of cell growth), cytotoxicity (cell killing) or lymphocyte activation (blast transformation) and triggering (e.g. antibody production) are examples of processes which are mediated via membranes and which are, at present, only poorly understood. The study of the structure and function of the components of an organ as variable as the cell surface requires a variety of different approaches and sophisticated techniques. Various new methods for the detection of cell surface antigens have recently been developed in our group and will be described in detail in the following communications. This survey is mainly meant to introduce the principle of the various tests, to compare them with more conventional assays and to briefly point out some of the biological implications of the results obtained. The principle of the various tests are summarized in Fig. 1. All assays employ specific antibody as a tool to detect cell surface antigens. In more conventional assays (method 1) antibody that has bound to a cell can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy, autoradiography or electron microscopy-provided suitably labelled reagents are available. The methods 2-4 are based on alterations that occur in the Fc portion of an antibody molecule when it binds to its target cell. The activated Fc portions of these antibody-cell complexes-which we propose to designate Fc' portions-may lead to the activation of various immunological effector mechanisms, such as the complement system or cytotoxic K cells. Complement-mediated cell lysis (method 2) is at present the most commonly employed technique for instance in tissue typing laboratories. Method 3 represents antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, a system which has been successfully applied for the detection of HL-A antigens on human cells (Wunderlich et al., 1971; Hersey et al., 1973). In the mouse, we have recently introduced the cytotoxicity inhibition assay (CIA, method 4) as a new sensitive assay to detect cell surface antigens (Halloran et al., 1974; Schirrmacher et al., 1975a). This assay is based on a competition on the level of the Fc receptor of the K cell between Fc' portions of any cell-bound antibody and Fc' portions of target cell-bound antibody. The test seems to have wider applicability than method 3.


The values of cross-section ratio Rk1 of direct k-fold ionization cross section(σk) to direct single ionization cross section(qσ1) of Ne impacted by C+(q = 1–3) ions in an energy range of 10 ke V/u–500 ke V/u are measured in this work.The experimental data are compared with the results from our multi-electron classical over-barrier ionization(ME-COBI)model,showing that the model can give a good estimate to the experimental data.


The diffraction of X-rays by crystals was discovered in 1912 by Laue who proposed a theory of the phenomenon based on its analogy with optical diffraction by gratings. It is most easily understood from the standpoint of Fourier analysis, in which language it was reformulated shortly afterwards. The electron density in a crystal is periodic, and may therefore be conceived as a superposition of plane waves whose wave vectors belong to a "reciprocal lattice" dual to the crystal lattice. The contribution of each wave, or system of fringes, is described by a complex Fourier coefficient, whose amplitude gives the strength of this system of fringes, and whose phase determines the position of the fringes relative to some fixed origin. If all the amplitudes and phases of these waves are known, it is possible to obtain a picture of the electron distribution in the crystal by superposing them; that is, by a simple Fourier synthesis.


The growing number of children with disabilities who are served in general education classrooms has made it necessary for general and special education teachers to work together to ensure that all students receive an appropriate education. As the instructional leader, the school principal is presented with the challenge of facilitating and guiding effective collaborative relationships among teachers. This article presents a brief discussion of collaboration in inclusive high school classrooms and describes how administrators can facilitate the effective use of collaboration skills.


Abstract:  The development of a reliable bridge management system (BMS) constitutes a formidable engineering challenge due to both the multiobjective nature of the task and the large amount of information to be considered in formulating the required automated judgments. This article deals with a procedure for bridge condition assessment by visual inspection developed during the planning and preliminary design of the BMS for the public railway networks in Italy. The main modules adopted in the procedure are: bridge inventory, computer‐aided visual inspection, automated defect catalog, and priority‐ranking procedure. The probabilistic models used to calibrate the condition evaluation algorithm are discussed. Different levels of deficiency have been individuated for each class of bridge structure belonging to the managed stock. The procedure allows comparison and relative ranking of deficiency conditions across different types of bridge structures. The results of a visual inspection campaign conducted for a set of bridges with different structural characteristics are reported and evaluated within the framework of the developed BMS.


AbstractThis study aims to determine the professionalism of Early Childhood teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is literature research method. The conclusion of this study shows that Early Childhood institutions must have adequate facilities to support learning systems during the Covid 19 period. The role of parents and the readiness of Early Childhood teachers in helping Children to learn during the Covid 19 pandemic is important factors.Keywords: Early Chilhood teachers; parents; and Covid 19


Abstract: Zero was a brilliant innovation and most significant achievement but it has threatened the
foundations of modern physics and is behind all of the big puzzles in physics. Today, zero lies at the heart of
one of the biggest scientific controversies of all time. The mysterious zero is posing challenges not only to
intellectuals, philosophers, scientists, mathematicians, historians and theologizes but also is confusing and
un-easing a common man. This article is devoted to raise awareness of social, conceptual and operational
issues related with mysterious zero. The focus is those individuals involved in the process of teaching and
learning mathematics. It is suspected that this article will enable them to think more clearly rather than to
be in a state of confusion.


We study parallel processing techniques for the R programming language of high performance computing technology. In this study, we used massively parallel computing system which has 25,408 cpu cores. We conducted a performance evaluation of a distributed memory system using MPI and of a the shared memory system using OpenMP. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, For some particular algorithms, parallel processing is about 150 times faster than serial processing in R. Second, the distributed memory system gets faster as the number of nodes increases while shared memory system is limited in the improvement of performance, due to the limit of the number of cpus in a single system.


The GPR data can be used to image the subsurface structure using a migration algorithm and geometric information, such as the layer structure and relative permittivity (RP) of the medium. The autofocusing (AF) technique can be used to estimate the RP value by iteratively evaluating an AF metric of the migrated image. Because the iterative evaluation is time consuming, it is desired to develop good iteration strategy for the AF metric evaluation. In this work, the golden section method and genetic algorithm are investigated as the iteration strategy. The two strategies are tested in two cases, and the golden section method is shown to be faster in both cases.


The effect of ultrasonic technology on the starch size is experimented in order to improve slashing property of starch size.The rheological property,permeability,adheresion of size solution,molecular chain structure,molecular weight of starch,and properties of starch film are determined.These meteyard and criteria on size solution are entirely evaluated.The experimental results indcate that changes are found on the molecular structure after conducting high power ultrasonic,which cause decrease of viscosity,increase of permeability,adheresion and improvement of mechani-cal property and water solubility of size film.


The multi-channel cylinder dryer (MCD) is designed to improve heat transfer. Although there are numerous research studies on the pressure drop, heat transfer characteristics, and flow pattern in static state of MCD, there is little research on the flow pattern in the rotating state.
In this paper, the distribution of flow pattern in MCD under different rotating speeds and steam mass flow rates is studied. Furthermore, the logistic regression method (LR) is used to predict the flow pattern diagrams. The results show that in the front section of the flow channel, the flow pattern is basically annular flow, which is not affected by mass flow rate and rotating speed. On the other hand, wavy flow, vortex flow, slug flow, and bubble flow can be observed when the fluid enters the middle and the end section. The higher the rotating speed and the steam mass flow rate, the more the flow pattern tends to be an annular and wavy flow. At the end of the passage, the flow pattern is mainly slug flow. The predicted flow pattern diagrams are in good agreement with the experimental result, and to obtain an effective flow pattern in the middle and the end section of the flow channel, the influence of increasing rotating speed is greater than that of increasing steam mass flow rate. However, the specific rotating speed, steam mass flow rate, and other parameters should still be set by combining with the actual situation. This work can provide some references for the further study of MCD flow characteristics.


N Ethyl 2 aminomethyl pyrrolidine which is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of sulpiride,an important antipsychotic agent,was synthesiszed from tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.The procedure involved six steps.Firstly,tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was chlorizated with thionyl chloride to produce tetrahydrofurfuryl chloride,then,tetrahydrofurfuryl amine was preparated by ammoniation under pressure of 0.7 MPa~1.0 MPa and the amino was protected with benzoyl chloride,finally,decyclization with thionyl chloride,cyclization with ethyl amine(70%),hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid(30%).The overall yield was 37%.


Diets rich in (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with suppression of the immune system, but the mechanisms are unclear. Specific immune responses are initiated by antigenpresenting cells. This study examines the invitroeffect of the (n-3) PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the expression of cell surface molecules required for normal antigen-pre senting cell function on human blood monocytes. Monocytes were incubated withorwithout EPAor DHA for 48 h at 37 C. Following incubation, expression of majorhistocompatibility complex (MHC)class IImole cules (HLA-DR,-DPand -DQ) and adhesion molecules [intercellularadhesion molecule-1 (1CAM-1) and leuco cyte function associated antigen-1] was quantified by flow cytometry. Inthe presence of EPAalone there was a significantly lower median intensity of expression of HLA-DRand ICAM-1relative to incubations without EPA. In contrast, significantly greater median intensi ties of expression of HLA-DRand -DP were observed followingincubationwithDHA.Inparallelexperiments, where monocytes were simultaneously activated by the addition of ¡nterferon-gamma to the cultures, me dian expression intensities of HLA-DR,-DP and ICAM1 were significantlylower in the presence of either EPA or DHA compared with incubations without the (n-3) PUFA.These findings support previous animal studies that suggest that (n-3) PUFA can influence immune reactivity by modulating antigen-presenting cell func tion. J. Mutr.126: 603-610, 1996.


An analytical model for mixed lubrication in bearings of reciprocating compressors for refrigerators has been developed and a new bearing which could decrease its friction losses by 20% has been designed. Friction losses, which are generated in the journal and thrust bearing of our reciprocating compressor, are estimated to be one-third or more of the all losses, so it is an essential issue to decrease bearing losses to design more efficient compressors. The developed analytical model can calculate the oil film pressure and solid contact pressure between bearing and shaft in each bearing simultaneously. And it can also specify the shaft posture which changes at each time step and calculate the loss generated by oil viscosity and that by contact pressure. By using this model, how and how much friction loss is generated in each bearing was clarified and specific approach to decrease bearing losses was also clarified.


The author points out that foreign bodies of the esophagus are not uncommon. The most reliable and safe method, both in diagnosis and in the extraction of foreign bodies, is esophagoscopy.


Susan C Boyd, Dorothy E Chunn & Robert Menzies [edited by], Toxic Criminology: Environment, Law and the State in Canada, 2002, Fernwood Publishing, Halifax.


The files in this directory together comprise the Photointerpretation Key (PI Key) for the 2000 Land Cover / Land Use layer of the St. Johns River Water Management District. The PI Key contains general information about the mapping methods, mapping conventions, and the classification system used to produce the 2000 LCLU layer. The classification system is derived from the Florida Land Use and Cover Classification System (FLUCCS).


The turbine steel has to suffer the dual effects of sediment erosion and corrosion.The nano-SiC powders were poured into the melt for ultra-low carbon martensitic stainless steel,and the abrasion test was carried out in sand-water mixture with and without NaCl to study the effect of nano-SiC powder addition on corrosion resistant properties of the steel.The results show that the martensitic stainless steel strengthened by nano-SiC powders shows superior abrasion performance.When the addition of SiC powders is 0.1%,the erosion rates in the sand-water mixture with 3.5% NaCl and sand-water mixture without NaCl,decrease by 86% and 90%,respectively.


The toxicity of four fungicides against Bacillus cereus was tested by the inhibition zone method.The results indicated that the inhibition rates gradually increased with increasing of the dipping concentration.The inhibition rates of 800.0mg /L thiram,160.0mg /L agricultural streptomycin and 640.0mg /L shenqinmycin reached93.4% 、88.1% and 82.0% in 72 h,respectively.While the inhibition rate of 160.0mg /L zhongshengmycin was 78.0% in 48 h.The toxicity level of four fungicides was agricultural streptomycin zhongshengmycin thiram shenqinmycin.The toxicity of agricultural streptomycin and zhongshengmycin was larger than that of thiram and shenqinmycin,the EC50 of agricultural streptomycin and zhongshengmycin was 29.92 mg /L and 50.69 mg /L,respectively.The results indicated that agricultural streptomycin and zhongshengmycin were ideal fungicides for prevention of Bacillus cereus by toxicity test in laboratory.


A successful double-glazing window programme which has seen thousands of council tenants benefit from warmer homes has been extended by Sandwell Council.


Epitaxially-grown III-nitride alloys are one of tightly-bonded materials with mixed covalent-ionic bonds. This tight bonding presents tremendous challenges in developing III-nitride membranes even though the semiconductor membranes can provide numerous advantages by removing the thick, inflexible, and costly substrates. Herein, cavities with various sizes were introduced by overgrowing target layers such as undoped GaN and green LED on nanoporous templates prepared by electrochemical etching of n-type GaN. The large primary interfacial toughness was effectively reduced according to the design of the cavity density, and the overgrown target layers were then conveniently exfoliated by engineering tensile-stressed Ni layers. The resulting III-nitride membranes maintained the high crystal quality even after the exfoliation due to the use of the GaN-based nanoporous templates having the same lattice constant. The microcavity-assisted crack propagation process developed for the current III-nitride membranes forms a universal process for developing various kinds of large-scale and high-quality semiconductor membranes.


Machine learning (ML) architectures based on neural model have garnered considerable attention in the field of language classification. Code-mixing is a common phenomenon on social networking sites...


Chemical Name: N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]-2-(N-phenylanilino)pyrimidine-5carboxamide Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=NC=C(C=N3)C(=O)NCCCCCCC(= O)NO Solubility: ≥21.675 mg/mL in DMSO,insoluble in EtOH,insoluble in H2O Storage: Store at -20°C General tips: For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37°C and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20°C for several months. Shopping Condition: Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice All other available size: ship with RT , or blue ice upon request


Desalination is an increasingly important water source for the sunny, arid city of El Paso, Texas. As the city's population grows, El Paso Water, the city's water utility, has had to drill deeper into the Hueco Bolson aquifer, a primary water source for El Paso. This deeper drilling into the Hueco Bolson, however, has yielded progressively more saline water. In response, El Paso Water and administrators from Fort Bliss jointly constructed a reverse osmosis desalination plant to protect the Hueco Bolson's freshwater supplies and expand the city's water sources. Reverse osmosis water desalination, however, is an expensive, energy-intensive process currently dependent on carbon-heavy fossil fuels. Solar energy, however, is an abundant, carbon-free energy source that could potentially reduce the energy costs and carbon footprint of the reverse osmosis desalination process. We hypothesize that building a solar microgrid that supplies El Paso's desalination plant with energy in tandem with the regional grid will reduce the plant's energy expenditures in the long term compared to solely buying energy from the regional grid. We used the Hybrid Optimization for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) model created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The results suggest that a solar microgrid whose modules use one axis tracker could reduce the plant's energy expenses. Key Words: desalination, solar energy, water resources.


lC26H2656.~C6H6, M r = 569.94, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 28.454 (4), b = 10.524 (1), c = 19.337 (8) A, fl = 98.63 (3) °, V= 5725.2/k 3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.32 Mg m -3, A(Mo Ka) = 0.71073/~, /.1, = 0.475 mm-1, F(000) = 2392, room temperature, final R = 0.039 for 2389 observed reflections. The compound is in a cis configuration. The striking stereochemical molecular feature is the presence of a crown-type configuration which includes the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) fragment. In order to adjust to this necklace configuration the latter distorts severely from planarity. Folding occurs around the sulfursulfur axis of each five-membered ring leaving three essentially planar moieties at dihedral angles of 46.6 and 34.4 °. The two five-membered rings have an envelope conformation leading to an overall boat conformation for the TTF moiety. The conformation of the alkyl fragment of the crown is sc(synclinal)ap(antiperiplanar)-ap-sc-sc-ap-sc. The shortening of the Csp3--Csp3 bond distances toward the middle of the alkyl chain in the crown [range 1.473 (7)1.545 (7)A] is probably due to the large thermal motion of C(7) and C(8) atoms involved in the bond. There are no intermolecular contacts shorter than normal van der Waals distances. Experimental. Yellow prismatic crystals were grown in a benzene solution. Single crystal of dimensions 0.42 x 0.35 × 0.28 mm mounted on an Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer using graphite-monochromatized Mo Ka radiation. Unit-cell dimensions


A fast characterization method for current source models (CSM) is proposed. It analyses the given transistor netlist of CMOS logic cells to determine both static and dynamic CSM parameters in the same DC simulation. To account for the influence of parasitic elements in large logic cells, an additional low pass filter is inserted to the CSMs. AC analysis is employed to efficiently define its parameters. The characterization is therefore independent of user specified input waveforms. CSMs of industrial gates have been integrated into a standard SPICE simulator, showing high accuracy also for noisy input waveforms. Used in path based timing analysis of ISCAS85 circuits, average errors of 3% have been observed while simulation times could be reduced by a factor of 100.


Through analysing the stress and deformation of a longitudinally coupled prefabricated track slab (LCPTS) with cracks at high temperature, an analysis model for the stability of LCPTS with cracks w...


This article utilizes quantitative theory Ⅰ to build the evaluation models of multi-factor quantitative site(condition) quality of the natural forest of Picea asperata(Chinese spruce).The duplicate relative coefficient of the models,R_(ym),is 0.6888,R_(ym) t value is 11.0804.Through R_(ym) t test,t_(0.05)=1.98t_(actual value).And the site quality evaluation table and site quality grade evaluation table are made,which are capable to directly predict the non-woodland productivity capacity and the growth impression.


To study the optimal usage of waterproof binding materials and the interlayer shearing strength of concrete bridge deck,three kinds of the typical surface textures of deck slabs and three kinds of the waterproof binding materials were selected.Through the direct shearing tests,the optimal usage of the binding materials and the interlayer shearing strength at the time the different binding materials were bound with the deck slabs with different textures were respectively determined.The results of the tests indicate that the optimal usage of the binding material increases with rich degrees of the surface textures of the deck slabs and the usage amount of the binding materials at the aggregate-exposed deck is fairly great.For the three kinds of the surface textures,the interlayer shearing strength of the acrylic resin type binding material under normal temperature is greater than that of the SBS modified asphalt and SBR modified emulsified asphalt.For the same kind of the binding materials,the interlayer shearing strength of the materials at the aggregate-exposed deck is the greatest and the temperatures have significant influence on the interlayer shearing strength.At the time the testing temperature rises from 25 °C to 60 °C,the interlayer shearing strength of the three kinds of the surface textures will greatly decrease,however,the sensitivity of the interlayer shearing strength at the aggregate-exposed deck changing with temperatures is little.


Rupture of the anterior cruciate higatisetit withs or without. associated injuries is one of the most serious injuries of the kmsee joimit. It. is often difficult to diagnose amsd, unless treated correctly from the begimiusimug, it tisay lead to l)ermiialselst incapacity. The diagnuostic clinical sigms is excessive forward mobility of the tibia ons the femisur to t5t6 According to Palmer '#{176} anid itUther, abduction instability when the ktsee is in hyperexteutsious suggests rupture of the austerior cruciate ligameust. Merke proposed that when injury of the cruciate ligamenst is suspected the knee should be examined uusdcr amuest.lsesia, sinsce excessive forward mobility can be demousstrated more accurately when the patient is relaxed. Arthrography as an aid in the diagnosis of cruciate-ligansent injuries was reconsmemsded by Lindblom in 1938. He devised a special technique using a positive coittrast medium to visualize the cruciate ligaments. Other authors 2,12 suggested refinemeists in the arthrographic techisique for the demonstration of injuries of the cruciate ligament. The value of arthrography as a means of establishinsg the presensce of a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament has, however, been questioned by Jelimiek, among others. In acute knee injuries the primary clinical examinsation often fails to establish whether the anterior cruciate ligamerst is damaged. We therefore made a special effort to diagnose acute cruciate-ligament injuries as soon as possible after injury by clinical examination and art.hrography and in selected cases by examination under ansest.hesia. Several authors 1,3,13,16 stated that t'uilture of the anterior cruciate ligament. cami be treated advantageously by fixat.iois of the kutee its a plaster cast for six to eiglst weeks. Others 9,1O,tl fouusd that surgical treatmetst. with suture of the (lamaged higament gives the best late results. Since t.he middle of 1959 we hiave examimued all acutely injured knees systematically when the nature of the trauma justified thie suspicion of rupture of the anterior cru('iate ligameust. Whets the exact diagusosis was established, the imtjured higameust and ansy associated iuijuries were treated accorditsg to the nssethod to 1)e described.


Organizations progressively become innovative and recognize the environments that push for compliance within their internal environment and circumstances in the external environment. The rationale of this research is to discover the impact of national culture dimensions on commitment to organizational change initiatives. The current study review the previous studies to classify the aspects that impact organizational commitment and must be considered in managing change initiatives in organizations. This research assessed commitment by utilizing the Herscovitch and Meyer (2002 commitment to change scales to measure three components including affective, continuance, and normative commitment. National culture is measured utilizing the values survey module 2008 (Hofstede). The independent variable is national culture and the dependent variables are affective, continuance, and normative commitment.


We report results of the ultrasonic investigation of Ba1−xKxBiO3 single crystals for two potassium concentrations x≈0.35 and x≈0.47 in a wide temperature range. The softening of both the transverse c44 and the longitudinal c11 modes have been observed at temperatures between 200 K and 50 K. In the case of Ba0.65K0.35BiO3 a pronounced hysteresis was discovered. We proposed a model in which the softening of the elastic moduli, the hysteresis, and the maximum in the attenuation of sound can be explained by assuming a coupling of the acoustic modes with the anharmonic oscillations of O6 octahedra.


Cognitive radio technology is a new design paradigm for next-generation wireless networks which aims to provide dynamic utilization of the scarce radio spectrum. The cognitive radio technology enables temporary use of unused licensed spectrum by the secondary (unlicensed) users without causing interference to the primary (licensed) users thereby improving spectrum utilization. The dynamic spectrum access requires spectrum aware routing scheme which can sense the spectrum dynamically while calculating the new routes to the destination node. This work presents LASAR, a location aided spectrum aware routing protocol that allows users to exploit the geographic location information and discover the local spectrum access opportunities to improve the performance at each hop. The secondary user (SU) uses location information and channel usage characteristics to select the next hop relay from the available neighbor relays in the network. A novel routing metric is introduced which captures channel usage characteristics and location information in order to select the best route available to the destination node. The proposed routing protocol is simulated using event driven simulator (NS2) under cognitive radio scenario. The simulation results shows that the proposed routing protocol performs better under cognitive radio scenario and results in better end-to-end performance.


In this study, a ubiquitous foreign language listening environment, particularly for mobile phone users, is designed and tested. For the purpose of improving students' foreign language listening ability, the authors are setting up an analogue FM radio station and a digital Web radio station with English language listening materials as their main broadcasting content. Students can choose to use the FM radio or Web radio according to their location and convenience. As more and more mobile phones and audio players tend to embed FM functions into them, supporting streaming audio downloads and online play, these types of radio systems will undoubtedly increase in popularity in the future.


This article examines Wilson Harris's multifaceted account of terror in Jonestown (1996), arguing that the novel's planetary representation of life in the face of terror and catastrophe proves vital to its critique of dominant conceptions of political life in a globalizing world. Through the post-traumatic mapping of Jonestown, Harris opens up a wide-ranging critique of terror in Guyana and other parts of the world. Representations of broken bodies and wounded communities call attention to the "precarity" of life – to borrow a term from Judith Butler – in a world where cultures of violence and ruthless economic imperatives prevail. Yet, at the same time, Harris's cross-cultural discourse represents a correlative to, and commentary on, Guyana as "a land of many waters", peoples, sacred traditions and cultures, offering a fluid reworking of local and global imaginaries through terror at the thresholds of the living and the dead, the human and non-human, the profane and the sacred.


The paper has a brief review on the construction of high production and high efficient mine and summarized the achievements from the construction of the high production and high efficient mines. The provided a basic principle to promote the deep development of the construction in the new century


The salinity of formation water used to be normally measured in laboratory with in-situ forma-tion water sample.The acquired formation water sample only characterizes in-situ movable water rather than unmovable water,both of which there possibly exists distinct difference in salinity.Particularly,such a differ-ence may appear much bigger than before following water flood development of an oilfield.At the result,the measured salinity from the water sample is hard to reflect the total salinity of formation water comprehensively and accurately,thus leading to detrimental effect of corresponding well log interpretation.This study presents a more accurate thought or method for determination of the salinity of formation water,and better results have been gained followed by application of it in Qiuling oilfield.


The cross section for resonance charge exchange of doubly charged ions is computed in the adiabatic approximation. The experimental and theoretical cross sections for charge exchange of doubly charged positive Ar, Ne, Kr, and Xe ions are compared. (auth)


The article is devoted to one of the major problems of modern times - the issue of external public borrowing expansion and the ways public and total debt is managed in different countries.The article provides analytical overview of the current state of the world's public finances and brief analysis of the global sovereign debt structure. Using the example of developed and emerging markets, the authors show us typical directions of the possible threats to the national economic security, and an acute need to develop effective national strategies for the external debt management.


Despite the notable progress in stereo disparity estimation, algorithms are still prone to errors in challenging conditions. Thus, heuristic disparity refinement techniques are usually deployed to improve accuracy. Moreover, state-of-the-art methods rely on complex CNNs requiring power hungry GPUs not suited for many practical applications constrained by limited computing resources. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for disparity refinement leveraging on confidence measures and a novel, automatic learning-based selection method to discard outliers. Then, a non-local strategy infers missing disparities by analyzing the closest reliable points. This framework is very fast and does not require any hand-tuned thresholding. We assess the performance of our Non-Local Anchoring (NLA), standalone refinement techniques and methods leveraging on confidence measures inside the stereo algorithm. Our evaluation with two popular stereo algorithms shows that our proposal significantly ameliorates their accuracy on Middlebury v3 and KITTI 2015 datasets. Moreover, since our method relies only on cues computed in the disparity domain, it is suited even for COTS stereo cameras coupled with embedded systems, e.g. nVidia Jetson TX2.


The U.S. Congress created the small disadvantaged business (SDB) and women-owned small business (WOSB) programs to promote fairness in government contracting. In this study, we examine whether increases in racial and gender representation in federal agencies correlates with the proportion of contracting dollars awarded to women- and minority-owned firms. Using the theory of representative bureaucracy as a starting point, we find evidence that increases in passive minority representation result in a larger proportion of contracting dollars awarded to minority-owned firms, which comports with previous empirical research. We find no evidence, however, that female representation leads directly or indirectly to substantive benefits for women-owned small businesses. Given that our findings for women do not support representative bureaucracy, we provide potential alternative explanations. Specifically, we consider whether gender biases, social identity and the queen-bee phenomenon as possible explanations for why women are less inclined to advocate for other women.


Aviation is the safest mean of transportation in the world, safety is the fundamental pillar of its sustainability and to reach those high safety levels fatigue in crews had been in debate analyzing how it affect pilots during their flights. This essay focuses on how current Colombian regulation can contribute to pilot fatigue and how the correct interaction between aeronautical authority, air operators and flight crews can generate regulations, agreements and behaviors that reduce fatigue and ensure safety in flight operations.


Mosaic-shaped block noise occurs when a compressed video signal is reproduced. This block noise is removed, but removing block noise from every block using a deblocking filter imposes a significant load on the deblocking filter. This load is therefore reduced by determining whether coding distortion removal (deblocking) is necessary, and applying a deblocking filter only when needed.


The kinetics of the gas-phase thermolysis reaction of seven β-lactams and their thione analogues were investigated over the temperature range 533–603 K for the β-lactams and 463–542 K for the β-thiolactams. The average values of the energy of activation (Ea) (kJ mol−1) and Arrhenius log A (s–1) were, respectively, 170.8 ± 18.6 and 12.4 ± 1.6 for the lactams and 131.7 ± 18.2 and 11.0 ± 2.0 for the thione analogues. The entropy of activation (ΔS#) was negative for of the substrates and slightly positive for three. The rate constants (k) (s−1) were calculated for 510 K and compared for the two series of azetidinones. The effects of substituents on rates and the novel role played by the C=O and C=S moieties on the relative reactivities of the cyclic amides are rationalized on the basis of a formal retro[2+2]cycloaddition mechanism used earlier to explain the products of the gas-phase thermolysis reaction of the present azetidinones.


Inthis paper anovel prediction method ofelbow Chun-GooKang(KonkukUniversity, Korea,2004) torque fromEMG signal using SVMisproposed. Howtomodel develop anintelligent armwrestling system forhelping the therelations betweenEMG signals andvarious kinematicaldeveop anintgenta wrestlng system lfohinghe aspects ofthemovementbehavior isadifficult probleminthe I tObe wigoodhaphsca panmentaly,wh.c Th researches ofneurophysiology andbiomechanies. Traditional1oF an ithrom fore per on(5). The prediction methods include using neural networks tomodelthe force information isgetfromatorque sensor only. Thecontrol relations. However, these methods suffer fromseveral problems,systemcandetermine whowillwinthegamebetween robot suchaslocal minima, thedifficulty oftheselection ofthemodel,andplayer basedonproposed scenario rule. etc.To address theseproblems, support vector machine is Recently, theneurophysiology andbiomechanics of adopted toconstruct thenonlinear model. Theefficiency ofour muscle systems havebeeninvestigated quite extensively in proposed method isproved byexperiment results. order tocharacterize therelations between muscleactivity


Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are treated as helping tools for the weather forecasters in this era of science and technology. Generally Evaluation of NWP models is made to gauge the level of reliability in particular region as well as phenomena of specific weather pattern. As Pakistan is an agricultural country and precipitation is basic ingredient for agriculture and in Monsoon season it receives more than 60 % rain of the total annual rain. Therefore precise forecasts are believed to be assurance for successful agriculture with sufficient lead time. A hydrostatic NWP model HRM containing 40 vertical model layers and 7 soil layers, is evaluated at horizontal resolution of 22km and 11km for the prediction of precipitation in South Asian Monsoon season. Four rainfall events of different intensities are simulated at 00UTC by HRM at both selected horizontal resolutions with domain 7˚-45˚N latitudes and 55˚-96˚E longitudes. The model simulated rain has been compared with actual rainfall and Analyses of this study show that the performance of HRM with horizontal resolution 22km is better than that of 11km for Monsoon season. The results of extreme rainfall events (28-29 July, 2010) also indicate that the model HRM has good capability to estimate rain over Pakistan region whereas less capability of estimating rain has been observed for21st July and 8th August, 2010. Further, variation in spatial extent of precipitation regime has been observed from simulations at both grid scales.


The play's storyline follows Lulu's journey on Earth from the slums to high society and back in a five-act structure. Wedekind, however, subverts the convention by making each act a disconnected episode. In act 4, for instance, most of the dialogue is in French (since the act is set in Paris), while the of demonstrated reaction might have been an oversight as he concentrates on his own character, or it might have been a purposeful interpretation in Bali, where fatalism is part of the religious makeup. Jocasta's death is not mentioned, and the gouging, a bloodless affair, quickly brings the play to a close.


A theory is presented which is intended to explain thermally induced formation of uniform liquid layers of ternary mixtures of hydrogen isotopes inside a spherical inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target. The governing equations are the equations of stream function, modified vorticity, and energy, and the equations of conservation of the individual isotopic species. The equations for the diffusion fluxes of the species include both ordinary and thermal diffusions. These coupled equations are solved by a finite‐difference method using upwind schemes and variable mesh. The results demonstrate the influence of the concentration‐ and temperature‐induced surface tension gradients in creating the uniform liquid fuel layer inside an ICF target. Comparison of the present theory with the experimental data is made for targets filled, respectively, with D2 and mixtures of H2 and D2, producing good agreement in both cases.


Recent trends observed in modern industrial systems indicate an increasing demand for improved machinery reliability, efficiency and safety [1, 2]. Technological developments in maintenance systems have addressed these issues to some extent but an overall solution with the flexibility to satisfy the demands of a wide range of users is still sometime away. An ongoing project, DYNAMITE (Dynamic Decisions in Maintenance) intends to address this problem by developing and applying a blend of leading-edge communications and sensor technology, combined with state-of-the-art diagnostic and prognostic techniques. The strategy involves the extensive use of stored and transmitted electronic data in order to ensure instant access to up-todate, accurate and detailed information. It provides a great advantage in terms of human and machine-based decision making capabilities. Current efforts are focused on developing systems and templates in which pertinent maintenance data are stored and accessed by both mobile and static computing devices. This article will present: a review of RFID technology; its current applications to maintenance systems; and an outlines of the proposed framework in which the RFID systems reside within the project under consideration.


Collagen extracted from Bovine skin has been used for the cosmetic and the pharmaceutical industries for more than 20 years, and few possibilities have been found until now to replace this fascinating molecule, mainly due to the fact of its unique structure, molecular weight, and properties. Recently, marine collagen solutions have been developed, using different sources of marine byproducts, and physico-chemical characteristics have been studied and compared to the bovine based materials. Based on very similar compositions and structures, marine collagen could have same properties than bovine collagen, and could replace it for nearly all cosmetic applications.


As a kind of new wireless ad hoc network, sensor network has wide applications in the fields of environmental and military monitoring,seism and temperature forecasting etc.Since the nodes' energy cannot be supplied in the hostile and severe environments,so it is important to research about how to prolong life of the whole sensor network.On the basis of normal distribution model of sensor nodes,a novel routing protocol with low level of power consumption is proposed,in which,all nodes are divided into sub clusters and sub rings according to their location firstly,and then the nodes in the same clusters and neighboring rings do routing through one hop communication,so that all nodes can have uniform power consumption.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,the new protocol can prolong the life cycle of the whole sensor network efficiently.


Studying the properties of ferromagnetic films helps in solving the fundamental problems of the physics of magnetic phenomena and in developing the theory of ferromagnetism. Modern software and hardware, along with reliable diagnostic methods are used to research and design thin-film devices. In this regard, the development of devices and methods for measuring the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films is an essential task. The aim of the work is to develop an unit for local measurements of the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films, which has the ability to change the degree of locality of measurements over a wide range and has high sensitivity at the same time. The article reviews a new unit for measuring the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films. The unit allows measuring the value and direction of the anisotropy field on a local area of the film. A block diagram and description of a new unit, as well as methods of measurements are shown in the article. The experimentally obtained distribution of the anisotropy field over the area of the studied sample of $Ni _{80} Fe_{20}$ film is shown in this work. The experimental results confirm the compliance of the new unit with the declared characteristics. The unit can be used for non-destructive quality control and for measuring uniformity of thin ferromagnetic films magnetic characteristics.


BACKGROUND: Adalimumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-a used to treat various autoimmune disorders. Adalimumab poses a risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially in countries where TB is endemic. OBJECTIVE: Determine the rate of TB infection after adalimumab therapy in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Medical record review. SETTINGS: Tertiary care center in Riyadh. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the electronic healthcare records of all patients who received adalimumab treatment from 2015 to 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of TB after adalimumab therapy. SAMPLE SIZE: 410 patients (median ([QR] age, 37 [28], range 4–81 years), 40% males RESULTS: Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent indication (n=153, 37%). The patients were followed for a mean of 36 (8.9) months. No case of TB infection or reactivation was observed. An inter-feron-gamma release assay (IGRA) was requested in 353/391 (90.3%) patients, prior to initiating therapy. The IGRA was positive in 26 cases (6.6%). The IGRA-positive patients received isoniazid prophylactically. Bacterial infectious complications of adalimumab therapy occurred in 12 (2.9%) patients. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent complication (culture requested in 48 patients, positive in 8). CONCLUSION: Adalimumab treatment was not associated with a risk of TB disease or TB reactivation in our cohort over the follow-up observation period. No TB reactivation occurred with adalimumab therapy when TB prophylaxis was used. The positive IGRA rate in patients on adalimumab treatment was low (7%). LIMITATIONS: Single center and one geographical area in Saudi Arabia. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.


Montmorillonite and vermiculite clays, activated with hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations, have been characterized by thermal desorption and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques using ammonia and pyridine as probe molecules. The amount of adsorbed ammonia is found to be about twice the amount of pyridine on all the samples as determined by thermal desorption studies. DSC studies reveal the heterogeneity of acidic sites on the activated catalysts. DSC thennograms show the existence of three distinct acidic sites with different strength on the surface of the catalysts.


Abstract : A mathematical analysis of the logarithmically periodic dipole class of frequency independent antennas, which takes into account the mutual coupling between dipole elements, is described. The input impedance, directivity, and bandwidth, as well as the input current and voltage of the several elements, are calculated. A new concept, the bandwidth of the active region, is formulated and is used to relate the size and operating bandwidth of the antenna. The limiting values of the various parameters that describe the antenna are explored. The results from the mathematical model are shown to be in good agreement with measurements. A step by step procedure is presented which enables one to design a log-periodic dipole antenna over a wide range of input impedance, bandwidth directivity, and antenna size.


Trips Agreement,while promoting the development of international intellectual property,is also regarded as a hinder to international human rights protection.Its negative effect is mainly seen in the protection of medicine,variety of biology,and folk literature and art.This negative effect was noticed by international human rights organization and it caused the emergence of "DECLARATION ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH" and the revision of Trips Agreement.


According to the relation of Digital Preservation and the Health field as a case of study, the architectural model help us to explain that definitions. .The principal goal of Data Preservation is to keep information for a long term. Regarding of Mediacal information, in order to perform a heart transplant, physicians need to preserve this organ in an adequate way. This approach between the two perspectives, the medical and the technological allow to check the similarities about the concepts of preservation. Digital preservation and medical advances are related in the same level as knowledge improvement.


Guang Yan Yi Bian is an important anthology of selected stories compiled by Wu Dazhen in China' s Ming Dynasty. According to the discovered data,it can be proved that Guang Yan Yi Bian was compiled and published between 1604-1607 A. D.,that it came out earlier than Xu Yan Yi Bian,and that the selected stories in Guang Yah Yi Bian are basically faithful to the original texts.A comparison and contrast of Xu Yan Yi Bian with Guang Yah Yi Bian in the classification of contents and in the manner of collection of writings can further confirm that the former is a carefully selected anthology on the basis of the latter.


Lyme disease, caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi, has an estimated incidence of 300,000 cases a year and is most prevalent in the mid-Atlantic, northeast, and upper north-central regions of the United States 1 . Despite the rarity of ophthalmological manifestations in Lyme disease, serological tests are routinely performed in ocular inflammatory disease patients. A review of 648 patients recruited under clinical research protocols in the uveitis clinic at the National Eye Institute from 2008 – 2016 was performed; 572 resided in endemic areas for Lyme. All participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and a standardized panel of laboratory testing regardless of the clinical suspicion for Lyme or other etiologies. The panel included CBC, chemistry, urine analysis, screening for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis (ACE, lysozyme), HLA panel and others. Screening for B. burgdorferi infection was performed at Mayo Medical Laboratories, using Immunetics C6 B burgdorferi (Lyme) ELISA Kit for first-tier testing and Viramed Biotech AG Borrelia B31 ViraChip IgM and IgG assay for second-tier testing per the recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2 . Twenty seven individuals, all from endemic areas (Table 1), had a positive first-tier test (4.16%). Two patients were positive on subsequent immunoblot analysis and were diagnosed as true Lyme-associated uveitis, representing 0.31% of all patients. Twenty five were considered false positive based on subsequent


With the help of vectorial composition and vectorial projecting theorem known skillfully by the students,it is put forward that lots of non-vectorial formula and theorem studied difficultly in engineering mechanics can be expressed by rotating vector method.That means according to orthogonality of trigonometric function to define the various algebra expression in formula as a vector of rotating an fixed point in plane,and then to denote formula content based on vectorial composition and vectorial projecting theorem.


Abstract : The author gives a critical survey of the two characteristic groups of the plasma diagnostic methods with laser beams, that is to say, of the dispersion and interferometric measurements. He gives the basic connections, causing the dispersion phenomens, and also the calculation methods of the plasma characteristics on this basis. Starting from the basic connections of the measurements of the interferometric refractory index, carried out with neutral gases, he characterizes this method in the case of gases, in plasma state, ionized in different ways. He makes comparison between the spectral methods and the methods with laser beams and also characterizes the space and time resolution which can be gained by the latter method. (Author)


Quantitative research in economics and related social sciences has increasingly made use of small-scale regional data, allowing for the analyses of neighborhood effects and controlling for local conditions. In Germany, existing regional data from statistical offices mostly do not fulfill the specific demands for research on small areas. Data are commonly not provided below the level of municipalities (Gemeinden) or counties (Kreise). Hence these data cannot be used for research on inner-municipality or -county developments. Furthermore, data based on administrative boundaries come along with major shortcomings: (1) the regional units are very unequal in their size, and (2) territorial reforms (Gebietsstandsreformen), which were common over Germany within the last decades, impede comparisons over time. The RWI-GEO-GRID provided by the FDZ Ruhr am RWI, contains data which can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings. The dataset is based on a grid which is uniformly defined by 1 × 1 kilometer raster cells. In contrast to administrative delineation, these grids are time-consistent and equally spread across the entire territory of Germany. The grid level is defined according to the EU directive standardized European projection system INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe). INSPIRE ensures that different data on the same projection can be merged to each


In this paper, we propose a new strategy for separation and determination of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines (TSNAs), a group of strong carcinogens found only in tobacco products, by using CZE and CE‐MS associated with SPE. Six TSNAs: N'‐nitrosonornicotine, N'‐nitrosoanatabine, N'‐nitrosoanabasine, 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone, 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol, and 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐4‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol were simultaneously separated by either of two CZE methods, one of which worked with ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.5) and another with citrate buffer (pH 2.4), as well as a CE‐MS method. The CZE conditions including pH and concentration of running buffer, capillary length, applied voltage, and capillary temperature were systematically optimized. For CE‐MS method, an optimized sheath liquid consisted of methanol–water was used at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. With SPE procedure, our proposed CE‐MS method was successfully applied to determine TSNAs after 15 min metabolism in rabbits. A comparison study between CZE and CE‐MS methods for quantitative purposes was carried out, showing that both methods provided similar separation efficiency, selectivity, repeatability, linearity, and recovery. However, CE‐MS method was better suited for the analysis of TSNAs in complicated biological samples for its sensitivity and extra information on molecular structure. Having good accordance with our previous work by using LC‐MS, the new CE‐MS method is expected to be an alternative to the LC‐MS method and applied to study the metabolism of TSNAs.


Summary The incidence and clinical implications of unusual patterns of expression of leucocyte differentiation antigens in acute leukaemia were assessed on 568 newly diagnosed paediatric and adult cases undergoing immunophenotyping with a panel of monoclonal antibodies at a single centre. Among patients with the precursor B (common) form of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the major variant seen was the group of 15 cases with expression of myeloid surface antigens. 4·5% of ALL cases tested with antibody to CD‐11b were positive, 5·1% were CD‐13+, and 10·8% CD‐33+. All 15 patients achieved a complete remission with chemotherapy, with six of eight children and four of seven adults remaining disease free. A smaller proportion (1–5%) of precursor B ALL patients showed expression of the T lineage marker, CD‐7. The only significant variant seen in the precursor T‐ALL group was expression of HLA‐DR antigen, which was found in five of 3 5 cases; although all responded to treatment, only one remains a disease‐free survivor. Among patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), expression of the lymphoid markers terminal transferase (TdT) and CD‐7 were commonly seen (22·2% and 28·4% respectively of cases tested). Other lymphoid markers detected on AML cases were CD2 (11·1%), CD‐10 (1%) and CD‐19 (4·4%). These results confirm that examples of lineage infidelity are regularly seen in large series of patients with acute leukaemia. Prospective studies using uniform treatment protocols are required to establish whether these patients have significantly different disease outcomes.


ABSTRACT Stock splits is cosmetic or the actions are not has an economic of value that should not change the stock price. However some researchers conclude that stock splits has a significant influence on stock price changes. stock splits performed on the basis of two theories. According to the Trading Range Theory, stock prices High is the driving force for the company to conduct a stock splits with the hope to increasing the liquidity of stock trading, placing these shares at the optimal trading range will cause the more investors who invest. Signaling theory states that stock splits is a carrier of information about the performance and prospects companies to the market. This study aims to obtain empirical about evidence the impact of stock splits on stock prices relative The research data was taken from the 30 companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange who doing stock splits during the years 2007 until 2011. Stock price data of each company for five days before and five days after the stock splits. Analysis techniques are used to test the hypothesis is Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) with a confident level of 95 percent (? = 0.05). Based on the analysis has been carried out on 30 issuers for five days before and five days after the stock splits in the year 2007-2011 in Indonesia Stock Exchange can be concluded that based on test results, either per issuer or average and overall, it showed there is a different of stock prices relative before and after stock splits. Key words: Solving stock, Signaling theory, Trading range theory


We present new CO(1-0) maps of the barred spi- ral galaxy NGC 1530 with a resolution of 5 00 :3, obtained by adding short spacing visibilities from the IRAM 30m telescope to data from the IRAM interferometer. The improvement in sensitivity is spectacular, allowing us to detect with high signal- to-noise the extended CO lanes along the bar of the galaxy. These molecular gas lanes, which are density waves or shocks created by the barred potential, show a remarkable kinematic pattern. We find 50 to 100kms 1 outward motions upstream of the lanes, and 70 to 150kms 1 inward motions in and downstream of the lanes. The intensity of the shocks is greatest near the central CO concentration, and decreases to zero at the ends of the bar. We compare these kinematic features with a map of the H distribution that traces young stars. Star formation is very intense around the nucleus of the galaxy and at the ends of the bar. It is weak halfway between these extremities. In general, the HII regions are downstream of the CO lanes. The star formation is probably inhibited in the lanes at the places where the shocks and the shear are too strong. There may be a maximum threshold of 80 to170kms 1 for the relative velocity of any cloud entering the density wave, above which the cloud cannot form stars.


Fifty years of concentrated efforts and constitutional provisions for uplifting scheduled tribes notwithstanding more than half of the tribal "population in India is still unable to meet the basic requirement of food and continues to live in abject poverty. The deprivation among the tribal population is reflected in almost every sphere of the daily life. A significant proportion of tribal dwellings are devoid of adequate natural light and ventilation. Entry into a large proportion of houses is possible only by bending or crawling. People share their living rooms with animals and sleep on bare floor or floor covered with tree leaves or grass. Wide differences are observed in the extent of poverty and living conditions of the tribes across different states. In terms of human capital the tribal population is much behind the other sections of the Indian society. Higher incidence of morbidity illiteracy particularly among females a higher proportion of school-going age children not attending schools and a higher proportion of children joining labour force speak about the low level of human capital among these households. Apart from their isolation to remote least developed and poorly endowed geographical regions the non-availability of socioeconomic opportunities further compounds the problem. The key to the future development of tribal households and improvement in their living conditions inter alia lies in concentrated efforts and accelerated public investment in the basic infrastructural facilities. (authors)


The new low-energy oven - referred to as the Bi-Radiant Oven - features highly reflective cavity walls, absorptive utensils, and upper/lower heating elements that are independently powered and operate at moderate temperatures. Three major technical areas are addressed in this project. The first area is concerned with a heat transfer enclosure analysis to relate cavity efficiency to oven parameters such as wall reflectivity, heating element configuration, insulation thickness and other oven parameters. The second area deals with the thermal performance of two ovens with wall materials having emissivities of 0.03 and 0.31; efficiencies of 22% and 18%, respectively, were obtained, which compare to a range of 12-16% for a conventional oven. A method of control was developed to provide constant net heat fluxes to the upper/lower surfaces of a product. Under simulated microprocessor control, satisfactory oven operation is demonstrated for repetitive cake baking. The third area is concerned with the food requirements and the establishment of oven element power settings to provide acceptable quality for a wide variety of foods. Foods were categorized into groups that require common power settings.


The problem of improving the network quality evaluation accuracy was studied.The user perception is the ruler of network quality.For many factors affect the user perception,it has no obvious mapping relation between user perception and network performance indicators.The complicated non-linear empirical problem is difficult to be solved by traditional mathematical methods.It is difficult to realize evaluation of user perception from network performance indicators which leads unaccuracy evaluation of network quality.To solve the above problems,an architecture of user-perceived wireless network was introduced,which adopted the neural network with the non-linear mapping function to evaluate the user perception.With comparison and authentication,reasonable error in the evaluation of user perception is achieved,the initiative of network optimization can be increased,and the method can be used for guiding the network optimization.


A 13-year-old girl presented with intermittent upper abdominal pain and vomiting over the duration of 9 months. The physical examination showed pigmentation on the perioral region with upper abdominal fullness and tenderness over left flank. She had iron deficiency anaemia. An abdominal ultrasound scan (USS) showed evidence of non-ischaemic chronic jejuno-jejunal intussusception (figure 1C–E). An upper gastrointestinal contrast study showed dilated duodenal loops and irregularity of bowel in the mid abdomen (figure 1A,B, arrows). During laparoscopy, a large polyp forming the …


Introduction The joint space measurements of the temporomandibular joint have been used to determine the condyle position variation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the coronal joint spaces measurements of the temporomandibular joint. Material and Methods An electronic database search was performed with the terms "condylar position"; "joint space"AND"TMJ". Inclusionary criteria included: tomographic 3D imaging of the TMJ, presentation of at least two joint space measurements on the coronal plane. Exclusionary criteria were: mandibular fractures, animal studies, surgery, presence of genetic or chronic diseases, case reports, opinion or debate articles or unpublished material. The risk of bias of each study was judged as high, moderate or low according to the "Cochrane risk of bias tool". The values used in the meta-analysis were the medial, superior and lateral joint space measurements and their differences between the right and left joint. Results From the initial search 2706 articles were retrieved. After excluding the duplicates and all the studies that did not match the eligibility criteria 4 articles classified for final review. All the retrieved articles were judged as low level of evidence. All of the reviewed studies were included in the meta-analysis concluding that the mean coronal joint space values were: medial joint space 2.94 mm, superior 2.55 mm and lateral 2.16 mm. Conclusions the analysis also showed high levels of heterogeneity. Right and left comparison did not show statistically significant differences. Key words:Temporomandibular joint, systematic review, meta-analysis.


RATIONALE: The remodelled asthmatic airway has increased airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) growth, expanded vasculature, and altered extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is the external cellular microenvironment which regulates cell behaviour. Under proliferative, inflammatory, or fibrotic conditions, the asthmatic ASM cells (AASMCs) deposit altered patterns of ECM proteins. However, it is unclear whether this is the case under basal, unstimulated conditions. This study aims to examine the composition of the ECM deposited by unstimulated NA (nonasthmatic)- and AASMCs, and biological potential for modulating blood vessel formation. METHODS: Primary ASMCs from asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals were quiesced in 0.1%BSA media after 72hr of growth. After 24hr ASMCs were lysed and the ECM either collected in lysate buffer and quantified using BCA, or kept intact and examined for collagen and fibronectin using Picrosirius Red and ELISA, respectively. Angiogenic potential was determined by examining Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) proliferation on (MTT and Cyquant assays), and attachment to ASMC-derived ECM. Unpaired t-tests were utilised to identify differences between NAASMC and AASMC-derived ECM. RESULTS: Although the total amount of ECM deposited did not change (AASM N=4 and NAASM N=3 respectively), AASMCs deposited more collagen (N=5, P


The aim of this work is to explore the role of the ice phase for the evolution and the structure of extratropical cyclones. The liquid phase or rather the thermodynamical processes associated with the condensation of water vapour are very important for the structure and evolution of cyclones and the processes are well known (e.g. Reed et al. 1992; Davis et al. 1993). In contrast the role of the formation and sublimation of ice and its influence on extratropical low-pressure systems is quite unknown. So far some case studies support the assumption that the sublimation may be important for the mesoscale structure of cyclones (Clough et al. 2000; Forbes and Clark 2003). For the investigation of these issues the 3dimensional cloud ice field from the ERA40 (ECMWF Re-Analysis) data set is used. To make sure that this field is a reliable basis for the analysis of ice clouds, a global verification has been made of the cloud top phase derived from the ERA40 data with satellite data from the POLDER1 instrument (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectances). Some results of this verification are presented in section 2. More details can be found in Weidle (2005).


In this paper we study load balancing in a wireless network. We present a robust approach that enables cross-layer optimization of both transmission schedule and routing without the knowledge of traffic matrix. This approach is shown to clearly outperform an approach where only the MAC layer is optimized. Further, we show that even if a traffic matrix estimate is available, it would have to be rather accurate to warrant its use, as optimization done with an inaccurate traffic matrix yields typically worse results than the robust approach.


Plant glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is an important antioxidant enzyme to maintain H2O2 homeostasis and regulate plant response to abiotic stress. In this paper, we present the first report of a genome-wide identification of GPX genes in watermelon. A total of six genes (ClGPX1–ClGPX6) were identified, which were unevenly located on four chromosomes of the watermelon genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the GPX genes of Arabidopsis, rice, cucumber, and sorghum were classified into four groups. Through analyzing the promoter regions of ClGPX genes, many development-, stress-, and hormone-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements were also identified. Expression pattern analysis by qRT-PCR indicated that all ClGPX genes were actively expressed in flowers and fruits, and exhibited relatively lower expression in other tissues, particularly roots and stems. In addition, the expression of ClGPX genes was significantly induced by salt, drought, and cold stresses, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) treatment at different time points, suggesting that they may be involved in response to abiotic stress and ABA. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that ClGPX genes might function in watermelon development, especially in flower and fruit tissue, as well as in response to abiotic stress and hormones.


How is the oil extractive industry affecting the livelihoods of women in the Niger Delta? This study explores the nature of the oil extractive industry in Nigeria and its impact on the livelihoods of women. The paper further focuses on the role of civil society in reconciling the interest of the oil industry and local economy of women in the Niger Delta. Relying on primary and secondary data as well as feminist theories, the study examines the case of Ijaw, Ogbia and Ogoni women, who have traditionally relied on fishing and farming as major means of income. The paper argues that women are the most affected by the oil industry through frequent spilling of crude oil in creeks, rivers, swamps and farmlands, where their sources of income is derived from. In addition, the civil society with women as active participants has only achieved little in terms of social justice.


Omer Bartov, ed., The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation, Aftermath, London and New York, Routledge, 2000; x + 300 pp.; ISBN 0415150361 Christopher R. Browning, Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000; xi + 185 pp.; ISBN 052177490X Barbara Engelking, Holocaust and Memory: The Experience of the Holocaust and Its Consequences: An Investigation Based on Personal Narratives, ed. Gunnar S. Paulsson, trans. Emma Harris, London, Leceister University Press and The European Jewish Publication Society, 2001; xx + 348 pp.; ISBN 0718501594 Jean Claude Favez, The Red Cross and the Holocaust, ed. and trans. John and Beryl Fletcher, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999; xxxii + 353 pp.; ISBN 052141607X William Laird Kleine-Ahlbrandt, Bitter Prerequisites: A Faculty for Survival from Nazi Terror, West Lafayette, IN, Purdue University Press, 2001; xiii + 479 pp.; ISBN 1557532141 Arieh J. Kochavi, Post-Holocaust Politics: Britain, the United States, and Jewish Refugees, 1945–1948, Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press, 2001; xiii + 377 pp.; ISBN 0807826200 Harold Marcuse, Legacies of Dachau: The Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933–2001, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001; xxii + 590 pp.; ISBN 0521552044 Naomi Samson, Hide: A Child's View of the Holocaust, Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2000; xii + 194 pp.; ISBN 0803 292724 Marion Yorck von Wartenburg, The Power of Solitude: My Life in the German Resistance, ed. and trans. Julie M. Winter, Lincoln, NE, Review Article


Abstract The article presents results of research on the development of air temperature and relative humidity at a height of 5 cm above the active surface of the terminal lateral moraine of the Aavatsmark Glacier, relative to its exposure in the summer season of 2010. Variations in the two conditions were analysed for five measurement sites situated on northerly (SN), easterly (SE), southerly (SS) and westerly (SW) slopes, as well as on the flat top surface of the moraine (STop), in different weather conditions. The article also includes a temperature and humidity stratification in the near surface air layer (5-200 cm) above the moraine. The issues were investigated for mean values from the whole period of research, as well as for individual days demonstrating distinct degrees of cloudiness and wind speed.


Much research exists supporting the efficacy of naturalistic behavioral interventions on increasing social communication skills for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, these evidence-based interventions are not consistently utilized in preschool classrooms. Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching was used to teach early intentional communication (i.e., purposeful and coordinated use of vocalizations, gestures, and eye contact) to three preschool students with or at risk for ASD. The present study extends prior research demonstrating the effects of PMT in increasing intentional communication through implementation in a preschool special education classroom, measurement of collateral gains related to PMT targets, and measurement of maintenance and generalization of gains. Results indicate students increased their rates of intentional communication upon introduction of PMT. These gains maintained over time for two students. Present study results have implications for future research and practice regarding the efficacy and feasibility of implementing PMT in preschool classrooms.


In recent years,a large number of geologic hazards in Guang'an County which were caused by the frequent floods have become a serious threat to people's lives and property security.We select slope,aspect,rocks,geological structure,water system,and rainfall as the influential factors to evaluate the geological hazards by combining the geological hazard survey with district project of Guang'an County,on the basis of the field geological hazard survey.We have established a geological hazard exponential model of geological hazard index,by applying Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) and ascertaining the weight of every evaluation factors.What's more,we have finished the risk division of geologic hazards in Guang'an County by applying space analysis function of the GIS system to grid computing.The evaluation result is consistent with the practical investigation.It will provide scientific reference for geological hazard prediction and prevention in Guang'an County.


Quantum cryptography lies at the intersection of two of the major sciences of the twentieth century: quantum mechanics and information theory. Moreover, due to the intimate relation between quantum cryptography and quantum nonlocality, another major scientific achievement of this century, relativity, is not far away. This Letter concerns the dialog between quantum physics and information theory in the context of optimal eavesdropping on a quantum channel and the corresponding secret-key agreement that, in principle, both quantum and classical algorithms provide. This analysis of the interplay of these complementary approaches reveals surprising connections. To provide a secure communication, quantum cryptography [1] exploits quantum correlations to establish secure keys (which are then the basis for classical informationbased cryptosystems). Alice prepares a pair of qubits (i.e., a pair of spin 1 ) in a maximally entangled state, sends one qubit to Bob, and keeps the other one. Then they both measure their qubit in a basis chosen independently at random within a set of two or three bases for the 4- and 6-state protocols, respectively. (Alice could also prepare a qubit in a state compatible with one of the bases and send it to Bob, but the protocol with qubit pairs is equivalent and better suited for the purpose of this Letter.) On a perfect channel, all errors are due to eavesdropping; hence, a protocol for secure-key agreement is relatively straightforward. However, in practice the quantum channel is noisy, and elaborated protocols which tolerate some errors are needed. These require as input an upper bound on the information accessible to the eavesdropper, a bound set by the laws of quantum physics. A natural question is as follows: Up to which error rate is secure key agreement at all possible? This Letter presents the answer to this question under the assumption of incoherent eavesdropping. Below, we first review general incoherent eavesdropping and summarize recent results on secret-key agreement by public discussion. Then, the cases that Bob has more or less information than Eve are treated. By general incoherent eavesdropping we mean the following. First, Eve lets each qubit sent by Alice to Bob interact with independent ancillas each initially in the state j0. The dimension of the ancillas and the interaction are arbitrary, except that the interaction is described by a unitary operator U: Uj" ≠j 0 p Fj " ≠ c" 1


The paper firstly introduces digital modulation technologies and their advantages and disadvantages used in GNSS. Based on power spectrum and autocorrelation function of the signal and simulation results, it shows that the complement of the advantages of various modulation technologies may increase the utilization of frequency band resource and improve the global performance. Finally, it points out the development trend of future global navigation satellite system.


Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by the involvement of the innate and adaptive immune system.1–3 Low-density lipoproteins enhance a series of pro-inflammatory reactions perpetuating the activation, recruitment and transmigration of different innate immune cells (monocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells and dendritic cells). Although the contribution of circulating monocytes is essential, acquired immunity, mainly performed by T cells (Th1and Th2), is also critically involved in atherosclerosis lesion progression. Monocytes and macrophages are very versatile, and depending on the local micro-environment they can assume different phenotypes and functional characteristics, a termed referred to as 'polarization' (a reversible process).4,5 Platelets are released into the circulation as cytoplasmic fragments of bone marrow megakaryocytes and circulate in the blood stream for 7 to 10 days without interacting with other blood elements and/or the vascular wall. Upon endothelial injury or rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, platelets become activated and anchor on the damage vessel wall.6 Rapid platelet recruitment induces thrombosis and target organ ischaemia. In the heart, atherothrombosis induce acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). The initial platelet tethering is mainly mediated by the glycoprotein Ib alpha (GPIbα) receptor (the main binding region of GPIb/IX/V platelet complex) that also contains binding sites for leukocyte integrin macrophage-1 antigen and P-selectin, which favours further platelets and leukocyte recruitment.6 Activated monocytes can form complexes with activated platelets by specific interaction of P-selectin on activated platelets with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, which is expressed by monocytes and further stabilized by additional integrin adhesion between these cells. In 1991, the dynamics of leukocyte–platelet adhesion and platelet–platelet interaction in the whole blood were first described and since then the impact of these interactions in ACS has been analysed in different studies.7 More recently, increased platelet–monocyte counts have been associated with different monocyte sub-sets and levels of activation. In this issue, an interesting paper by Elena Vasilieva's group investigated not only platelet–monocyte and monocyte sub-set interactions in acute myocardial infarction but also how platelet-derived microvesicles participate in these interactions.8 Indeed, plateletderived extracellular vesicles have been demonstrated to contribute to thrombosis and be markers of active disease in different types of patients even when patients were treated as per guidelines.9,10


Characteristics of collapsed tibial plateau fracture determines that the joint surface must remain anatomical reduction,line of force in tibial must exist and internal fixation must be strong. However, while renewing articular surface smoothness, surgeons have a lot of problems in dealing with bone defect under the joint surface. Current materials used for bone defect treatment include three categories: autologous bone, allograft bone and bone substitutes. Some scholars think that autologous bone grafts have a number of drawbacks, such as increasing trauma, prolonged operation time, the limited source, bone area bleeding,continuous pain, local infection and anesthesia,but most scholars believe that the autologous cancellous bone graft is still the golden standard. Allograft bone has the ability of bone conduction, but the existence of immune responses, the possibility of a virus infection, and the limited source of the allograft cannot meet the clinical demands. Likewise, bone substitutes have the problem that osteogenesis does not match with degradation in rates. Clinical doctors can meet the demand of the patient's bone graft according to patient's own situation and economic conditions.


A novel dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications is presented and demonstrated. By embedding two pairs of arc shaped slots with a narrow slot protruding at each side, dual-band operation, with its operating mode centered at about frequencies 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, has been obtained. The proposed antenna has good gain and its impedance bandwidths defined by VSWR=2 can meet the requirements of dual ISM bands.


We propose a technique for automatic recognition of content in images. Our technique uses machine learning methods to build classifiers able to decide about the presence of semantic concepts in images. Our classifiers exploits a representation of images in terms of vectors of visual terms. A visual term represents a set of visually similar regions that can be found in images. An image is indexed by first using a segmentation algorithm to extract regions, then extracted regions are replaced by the visual terms that represent them. We discuss how the set of visual terms is generated and how weights are assigned to visual terms to assess their relevance in images. A learning algorithm for Support Vector Machine is used to obtain a classifiers using training sets of images represented by using visual terms. The proposes technique offers very good performance as demonstrated by the experiments that we performed.


Abstract : A method was devised to rapidly release the chemical reaction products from Oxygen Breathing Apparatus (OBA) Type II canisters in a closed system. This procedure permitted accurate chemical analyses without the atmospheric interferences inherent in the conventional approach to OBA canister analyses. The available O2 was released by immersion of the entire canister, with its charge intact, in a known amount of water, in such a manner that all O2 was collected and measured volumetrically. Analysis of the water for total KOH and K2CO3, formed upon dissolving the canister contents, permitted quantitation of the amount of CO2 absorbed during canister use and the total amount of O2 available in the unused canisters. The charge composition of the Type II canisters, on a mole fraction basis, was estimated by analysis of 17 unused canisters and was found to be 92%, KO2, 7% K2O2 and 1% K2CO3.


Enhanced proton acceleration to high energy by relatively modest ultrashort laser pulses and structured dynamic plasma snow targets was demonstrated experimentally. High proton yield emitted to narrow solid angle with energies of up 25 MeV were detected from interaction of a 5 TW laser with snow targets. The high yield was attributed to a carefully planned prepulse and microstructured snow targets. We studied experimentally the minimal energy requirements for the adequate prepulse and we are using PIC simulations to study the dynamics of acceleration process. Based on our simulations, we predict that using the proposed scheme protons can be accelerated to energies above 150 MeV by 100 TW laser systems.


In recent years, computer vision tasks like target tracking and human pose estimation have immensely benefited from synthetic data generation and novel rendering techniques. On the other hand, methods in robotics, especially for robot perception, have been slow to leverage these techniques. This is because state-of-the-art simulation frameworks for robotics lack either complete control, integration with the Robot Operating System (ROS), realistic physics or photorealism. To solve this, we present a fully customizable framework for generating realistic animated dynamic environments (GRADE) for robotics research, focused primarily at robot perception. The framework can be used either to generate ground truth data for robotic vision-related tasks and offline processing, or to experiment with robots online in dynamic environments. We build upon the Nvidia Isaac Sim to allow control of custom robots. We provide methods to include assets, populate and control the simulation, and process the data. Using autonomous robots in GRADE, we generate video datasets of an indoor dynamic environment. First, we use it to demonstrate the framework's visual realism by evaluating the sim-to-real gap through experiments with YOLO and Mask R-CNN. Second, we benchmark dynamic SLAM algorithms with this dataset. This not only shows that GRADE can significantly improve training performance and generalization to real sequences, but also highlights how current dynamic SLAM methods over-rely on known benchmarks, failing to generalize. We also introduce a method to precisely repeat a previously recorded experiment, while allowing changes in the surroundings of the robot. Code and data are provided as open-source at https://grade.is.tue.mpg.de.


We report findings about age-related changes in the chromatin structure detected using ammoniacal silver and changes in the transcription rate in neurons by layers II-V of the sensomotor cortex of rats at days 7, 14 and 60 of postnatal life. Different types of neurons showed different average template activity but similar patterns of its age-related changes. The rearrangement of the chromatin structure in various types of cortical cells showed different orientation after day 14 of postnatal life.


During the period from 1989 to 1998, 92 out of 108 wars were domestic armed conflicts, with the highest number in Asia, followed by Africa and Europe resulting in the killing of thousands of people, mostly civilians. The valley of Kashmir has also been a witness to escalating violence and conflict over the last two decades resulting in the world attention. The violence has resulted in the loss of almost of thousands of lives, which also includes 8 to 9 thousand women. This high number of killings also rendered thousands of women as widows. Like any other armed conflict situation, the continuous violent situation prevalent in Kashmir since 1989 has hit the Kashmiri women in every aspect, every day due to the ongoing-armed conflict women continue to suffer. The present paper attempts to provide a picture of women in Kashmir with focus on women who are widows and sexually abused and are suffering continuously for almost two decade and find themselves trapped in the vicious cycle of violence. It also tries to highlight the various forms of atrocities-physical as well as psychological, inflicted on women by both parties to the conflict. The paper also suggests some strategies to improve the living situations of these women.


Special project stretched on a qualitative paradigm frame and supported by an ethnographic method, it had propose to diagnose the values of 8 th grade Basic School students enrolled in the subject of Health Education in relation to sexuality, alcoholism and smoking. An extensive interview of open questions was used for two adolescents of each sex as key informants to determine their thoughts, feelings and behavior that denote values based on the foresaid areas. Simultaneously the information collected from the interviews and the theory compiled was contrasted, which led to the conclusion that teenagers do not have a solid body of values to prevent unhealthy conduct. A theoretical-practical manual was written directed toward adolescents students acquiring knowledge in the treated areas that allow them to assume attitudes and responsible behavior without risks.


Abstract The design of surgical training in the UK will be challenged over the next few years as NHS Trusts attempt to comply with the European Working Time Directive (EWTD). The tradition of the junior surgeon spending a long apprenticeship in the hospital to develop skills in disease management and operative technique has already had to adapt to the Calman Report and the 'New Deal'. This tradition, however, will become unsustainable when the EWTD is introduced.


Abstract There has been increasing litigation in the WTO on environmental issues in recent years, much of it about fishing. Two cases, Chile–Swordfish and Faroes–Herring, brought to light the potential for conflict between trade and fisheries law through the imposition of port state measures by WTO members to prevent illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, although both cases were settled before reaching Panel stage. Port state measures aim to combat IUU fishing by allowing countries to close their ports to IUU fish. This includes using trade measures and trade-related measures, such as import bans and transshipment bans, which may violate WTO law. The potential for conflict is even more acute now that the Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) has come into force. This paper takes as its study Faroes–Herring, where the Faroes challenged certain EU regulations aimed at preventing IUU fishing through the use of port state measures. It examines whether these regulations comply with WTO law, and makes recommendations as to how a Panel or Appellate Body can resolve this type of dispute. Specifically, it focuses on ways in which international fisheries law can be incorporated in this process to avoid a conflict between international trade and fisheries law.


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This paper analyzed the key points of the design problems of the Hardware-In-the-Loop(HIL) simulation system for on-orbit docking.The design problem of the HIL simulation for on-orbit docking was summarized into four fundamental problems: the stability problem,the problem on the dynamic reappearing accuracy,the robust problem on the delay compensator and the adaptive problem.To solve above problems,the design idea on the HIL simulation system for on-orbit docking was presented.That is to eliminate or minimize the influence of the simulation/hardware interface to the dynamic characteristics of the HIL simulation system.Based on that,the force/torque sensor design criterion,the signal sample frequency of the digital control and the design scheme of the motion simulator are defined.At last of this paper,the verification method on the dynamic characteristics of the HIL simulation system for on-orbit docking is discussed.


The design of robust machine vision algorithms is one of the most difficult parts of developing and integrating automated systems. Historically, most of the techniques have been developed using ad hoc methodologies. This problem is more severe in the area of natural/biological products. In this arena, it has been difficult to capture and model the natural variability to be expected in the products. This present difficulty in performing quality and process control in the meat, fruit and vegetable industries. While some systems have been introduced, they do not adequately address the wide range of needs. This paper will propose an algorithm development technique that utilizes modes of the human visual system. It will address that subset of problems that humans perform well, but have proven difficult to automate with the standard machine vision techniques. The basis of the technique evaluation will be the Georgia Tech Vision model. This approach demonstrates a high level of accuracy in its ability to solve difficult problems. This paper will present the approach, the result, and possibilities for implementation.