Secondary plant biomolecules are the main agents in biochemical interactions between plants and the environment. It is possible to distinguish the role of secondary biomolecules in allelopathic (plant–plant) activity, plant–insect, plant–microbe, plant–herbivore and others. These interactions can significantly affect the productivity of agricultural crops. Application of allelochemicals into agricultural practice may reduce the use of herbicides. Effect of Salvia sclarea L. and Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) aqueous extracts on lipid peroxidation process, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots of Jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings were examined 24 h, 72 h and 120 h after the treatment. The third aim was to evaluate effectiveness of aqueous extract as contact toxicant against Rhyzopertha dominica. Our results showed that S. sclarea aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in roots of Jimson weed seedlings 24 h after the treatment. Furthermore, both tested concentrations of C. menthifolium aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in Jimson weed roots 72 h and 120 h after the treatment. It was observed that S. sclarea aqueous extract showed toxic effect against R. dominica, with high mortality rate (above 95%).


Objective: Aim was to determine the association and clinical implications of renal failure among patients of multiple myeloma. Study Design: Prospective/observational study. Place and Duration: Diagnostic and research Laboratory Liaquat university of Medical and health sciences jamshoro Hyderabad. June 2021 to may 2022. Methods: Total 192 patients of multiple myeloma were presented in this study. Patients were enrolled after obtaining written consent detailing age, sex, and the presence or absence of any and all comorbidities. A serum creatinine level of 177 mol/L or above (>2 mg/dL) was considered indicative of renal failure. All the patients received chemotherapy for recovery. Response rate to chemo and survival among all patients were determined. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were 106 (55.2%) males and 86 (44.8%) cases were females. Patients mean age was 51.6 ±13.46 years. Chronic renal disease, diabetes, hypercalcemia, dehydration, and the use of nephrotoxic medicines were all risk factors. We found renal failure in 43 (22.4%) cases. Patients without renal failure had higher response rate 90 (60.4%) to chemotherapy as compared to patients of renal failure 16 (37.2%). 13 (30.2%) cases were recovered from renal failure and mean time of survival was 3.3±3.18 years.


In operation of isolated grids, switching of large loads can cause significant frequency oscillations, which influence the power consumption of grid coupled electrical machines. This reaction in power consumption is based on a superposition of the quasi-stationary and dynamic effect, whereby the quasi-stationary effect is mainly related to the torque-speed characteristic of the working machine and the dynamic effect is caused by the mass inertia. In the course of this paper, the influence of characteristic parameters on the load frequency dependence, mathematical equations and diagrams for an estimation of the effects pertinence as well as a methodology for modelling the load frequency dependence are displayed. Furthermore, the relevance of the load response to frequency deviations on the total system is demonstrated.


The Fengxian-Taibai area,Shanxi Province,is situated in the western section of the famous Qinling orogene,central China,with rich mineral resources.This study deals with chert from the transitional zone between the Gudaoling(D_2) and the Xinghongpu(D_3) formations of the Fengxian-Taibai area.The chert formation is the ore-hosting strata of the Bafangshan-Erlihe metallic deposit.The chert is mainly dark gray in color,hard and highly dense,with massive,lamellar and brecciated sedimentary structures.It was slightly metamorphosed(mainly recrystallized).Cryptomere-crystallitic quartz is the dominant mineral of the studied chert,with small amounts of ankerite,calcite,sericite,carbon and the likes.It is shown by geochemical analysis that the studied chert is higher than 80%in content of SiO_2,with the highest reaching 95.3%,but low in contents of TiO_2 and Al_2O_3.The value of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ranges in 0.13~0.64.Most of trace elements are much lower in content than the Clarke value,however,Ba, As,Sb,B,Ag and Hg are higher.Plotted in the diagram of V/Y~Ti/V and Ti~V,the samples of chert fall into the ocean basin area,from mid-oceanic ridge to the oceanic margin,with most in pelagic area and part near oceanic margin area.The content ofΣREE ranges in 3.28×10~(-6)~20.66×10~(-6).The samples of chert may be divided into two groups(H and S) based on their NASC-normalized REE distribution pattern.The group H is characterized by NASC-normalized REE distribution pattern inclining to the left,i.e.,richer in HREE relative to LREE,evidently indicating origin of hydrothermal sedimentation.The group S is slightly different from the group H,implying the contamination of non-hydrothermal sedimentation on hydrothermal one.The value of (La/Lu)_N is scattered in 0.36~1.99,characterized by the occurrence of two peaks in 0.36~0.70 and 1.00~1.99.The first peak represents the environment of the vents in the oceanic basins or deep fractures in mid-oceanic ridges,while the second one denotes the environment of far ocean basin or abysmal sea plain influenced by continental sources.The value of(La/Yb)_N ranges in 0.32~2.21, with most in the two peaks of 0.32~0.72 and 1.74~2.21.(La/Yb)_N has similar geological implications to(La/Lu)_N.The value of (La/Ce)_N varies in 1.04~3.28,with an average of 1.62 and most being higher than 1.00,indicating that the chert formed mainly in oceanic basin or abysmal sea plain,partly in the continental margin.It is concluded from the present study that the original geochemical characteristics of chert are well conserved despite of later reworking.


Palm biodiesel-diesel blended fuel feasibility at high blending ratio was investigated in this study through characterization of blend properties with additives. Diethyl ether (DEE) has been used as an oxygenated additive with the blended fuel B50 (50% biodiesel+50% diesel) at different ratios of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. Blended fuel properties with DEE additives were tested and evaluated according to ASTM fuel standard specifications. The results of this study is essential to qualify the trend of change of the different fuel properties with increasing additive ratio which can serve the researchers who work on biodiesel fuels to indicate the fuel suitability for diesel engine applications according to fuel standards. The results show slight improvement in density and acid value with significant decrease in viscosity by about 25% at 8% additive ratio which meets the blended fuel standard ASTM D7467. The maximum decrease in pour and cloud points are 6°C and 2°C at 8% additive ratio, accompanied by about 2.6% decrease in energy content of B50 for each 2% DEE additive ratio.


Objective:To better characterize human coagulation function, we study and evaluation a new measurement based on kinetic principles. Methods: Based on principles of one stage and two stages method, we detected the whole process of fibrin formation by scanning in spectrophotometer and to know the condition of thromboplastin generation according the assessment and analysis of the kinectic figures. Results: This study, fibrin monomer polymerization velocity and thrombin generation activity obviously correlated with the time and content of thrombin generation . Thus, we could detect the activation of factors which take part in the thromboplastin generation by these relations . Conclusion: It suggested that the kinetic measurement for thromboplastin should be a very useful method in clinical evaluation for coaguation function and could provided more and further directly parameters than traditional measurement.


The present investigation involves theories, simulations and experiments on deposit layers on super-heater tubes in a circulating fluidised bed in Västerås in Sweden. Simulation of particle trajectories in the vicinity of two super-heater tubes is conducted in a Eulerian-Lagrangian mode for the flue gas and the ash particles from the combustion process. Particle impingements on the tubes are investigated for different particle sizes. Measurements of the buildup of deposit layers in the super-heater environment are conducted using a deposit probe. Deposit layer growth and growth rate is analysed for different probe temperatures, as well as the aspect of sintering on the probe ring surface. Analysis of the probe deposit material and deposits from the super-heaters and from textile filters are chemically analysed. The temperature dependence of the deposit materials viscosity is predicted from the chemical analysis of the samples. A model is included to simulate the effect of the deposit layer thickness on the tube heat exchange. The results from the particle trajectory simulations show that particle larger than 10 mm will mainly impinge on the front of the first tube and that smaller particles are more dispersed due to turbulence and thermophorectic forces, enabling a more even impingement on the whole surface of the tubes. The probe deposit layer growth measurements show significant temperature dependence. The deposit material sintering and distribution is proven to be dependent on; temperature, particle size and exposure time. The stickiness of the deposit material is shown to be dependent on the SiO2 and alkali relation in the samples, estimated through a viscosity model.


The related methods of dimensional analysis, similarity, and scale invariance provide a powerful technique for analyzing physical systems. For example, the complex plasma dynamics governed by the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations can be characterized by sets of dimensionless quantities through the application of these techniques. Significant progress has been made recently towards predicting and understanding radial heat transport using dimensionless parameter scaling techniques. Previous experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have measured the variation of heat transport with the relative gyroradius ({rho}*); in this paper, the scaling of heat transport with plasma beta ({beta}) and normalized collisionality ({nu}) for L-mode and H-mode plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak is reported. Following the scale invariance approach to confinement scaling, the thermal diffusivity ({chi}) is assumed to depend only on local dimensionless quantities. Understanding the beta and collisionality scaling of transport helps to differentiate between various proposed mechanisms of turbulent transport and allows the origin of power degradation and density scaling of confinement to be determined.


inter-ethnic and interregional inequalities. They argue that Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines are all characterized by considerable regional inequalities as well as marked disparities in the distribution of both income and assets, including land. They are hardly exemplars of shared growth. The chapter would have been strengthened by a discussion of Vietnam, where the available data show lower inequality and lower headcount measures of poverty than in the Philippines or Indonesia. The remaining four chapters address industrial relations and labour market conditions, urban and industrial environmental reform, civil society and distributional conflicts and the rationale for free trade agreements. They all give useful surveys of the literature, although in most cases the analysis does not extend beyond 2006, and thus ignores the upheavals in the global economy over the last four years and their implications for South East Asia. There is also a tendency to focus on the more developed parts of the region; most of the chapters pay little attention to the CMLV group. The exclusion of Myanmar from most of the chapters reflects the fact that few recent data are available, and analyses by foreign scholars are few and far between. That makes the two chapters in the IDE/Jetro study especially valuable.


In arteriograms obtained months after carotid occlusion in the neck, it has been possible to demonstrate anastomosis between the internal and external carotid arteries by way of the ophthalmic artery. It is the purpose of the present paper to report 3 cases in which these anastomotic pathways have been demonstrated arteriographically following ligation of the internal carotid artery in the neck for intracranial aneurysms and 1 case following spontaneous thrombosis of the artery. In most cases, after ligation or thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, circulation in the ipsilateral hemisphere is established through the anastomotic channels of the circle of Willis. The study of that type of collateral circulation is not within the scope of this paper and will be the subject of a subsequent report. In the literature, references to collateral circulation through the ophthalmic artery are found in papers by Seaman, Page and German (6), by Torkildsen and Koppang (8), and by Denny-Brown (2). Each of these con...


The dc bias phenomenon caused by the excessive current of the neutral point will pose significant threats to the transformers. The conventional suppression method based on capacitive dc blocking device (BD) can prevent dc bias current from penetrating the transformer winding and is the most widely used. However, due to the high investment cost of the BD, it is not appropriate to install the BD for all transformers around the grounding electrode. Thus the BD may redirect the dc flow from one transformer with a BD to the peripheral transformers without BDs, causing the neutral current to exceed undesirably. To address the problems above, a new type of current balancing device (CBD) is introduced, which can lead to flexible suppression of neutral current. Based on coordination between the BD and CBD, a global optimization configuration method is proposed. Unlike the existing suppression strategy based on dc bias suppression devices, the proposed method optimizes the configuration of suppression devices for each transformer from a global perspective in the planning stage, which is an effective supplement to the current suppression method. MATLAB-based simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method by numerous comparative case studies.


OBJECTIVE To establish a GC method for simultaneous determination of α-pinene and β-pinene in volatile fractions and study its dynamic changes in leaves of Myristica fragrans Houtt;METHODS The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation.GC method was applied for the determination of α-pinene and β-pinene from the essential oil.Chromatographic conditions:HP-5MS Capillary column(0.25mm×30m×0.25μm) was used;The detector was FID;Inlet temperature was 240℃;The detector temperature was 250℃;Initial temperature was 40℃.It was programmed rising by 5℃·min-1 until 220℃.Carrying gas was nitrogen(1mL·min-1),split ratio was 10:1;Injecton volume was 1μL.RESULTS α-pinene and β-pinene have good linear relationship in the concentration range with the average recoveries(n=3) were 99.2% and 98.7%,respectively.The contents of α-pinene and β-pinene in different tissues were different.The content of α-pinene and βpinene in the leaves from different months showed a certain degree of regularity.CONCLUSION This method is simple,quick and specific.It can be applied for the simultaneous determination of α-pinene and β-pinene in the volatile fractions of Myristica fragrans Houtt.


In this poster, we propose a novel energy efficient asynchronous MAC protocol for WSNs-WX-MAC. WX-MAC supports nodes to exchange their sampling schedules by query and report mechanisms. With the aid of neighbors' information and strobed preamble approach, WX-MAC shortens senders' preamble before data transmission and reduces nodes' wakeup duration. WX-MAC not only reduces the energy consumption on the senders and targets, but also decreases the possibility of overhearing on the surrounding neighbors, leading to a further energy conservation. Preliminary simulations have shown that WX-MAC saves more energy than B-MAC, Wise MAC, and X-MAC.


Using the 2003 wave of China General Social Survey (2003CGSS), we study the influence of the communist party on individual's social networks in urban China and, thereby, present a case of socio-political institutions being an important ingredient in social network formation. We adopt a counterfactual framework and estimate the effect of communist party membership on social network investment as an average treatment effect. We find the treatment to be significant.


The holographic quantum entanglement entropy for an infinite strip region of the boundary for the field theory dual to charged black holes in AdS3+1 is investigated. In this framework we elucidate the low and high temperature behavior of the entanglement entropy pertaining to various limits of the black hole charge. In the low temperature regime we establish a first law of entanglement thermodynamics for the boundary field theory.


We have run electron optics simulations and determined the tolerance in the control voltages of all elements (retarding input lens, analyzer, accelerating exit lens) of the La Trobe University photoelectron analyzer, recently redesigned to reach a spectral resolution of 5000, and which will be installed at LNLS (Campinas Brasil) and BESSY II (Berlin, Germany).


The seeming failure of loose monetary policy to reactivate Japan's economy has led some observers to suggest that the usual credit channels through which monetary policy affects the real economy are blocked, and this is because of a pervasive shortage of bank capital that has induced a leftward shift in the supply of bank credit. This is the so-called capital crunch hypothesis. This paper finds support for the hypothesis in the bank data for 1997--a year during which the landscape of the Japanese financial system underwent some fundamental changes.


In 1924, Scott 1 first showed the greatly reduced resistance of animals with latent adrenal insufficiency to intoxication by pyogenic bacteria. Numerous attempts to protect with cortical extract against this fatal effect were carried out unsuccessfully, the difficulty being to get rid of epinephrin without destroying the active cortical hormone. Recently Scott and Bradford 2 found some increased resistance to bacterial intoxication conferred by the administration of a cortical extract (Swingle and Pfiffner 3 ). A difficulty in this experiment was that no satisfactory criterion of adequate substitution was available. In the present work the growth curve is used as an indication of adequate dosage of the cortical hormone. 4 As the function of the adrenal cortex to protect against the harmful effects of bacterial intoxication is important in clinical medicine, we have tried to prove beyond any doubt that an extract of the adrenal cortex offers such protection. The growth curves of 32 young adult male rats were determined for 2 weeks. Both adrenals were then removed at one operation. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 16 each. All were injected with the same volume of fluid and were weighed daily. The animals of Group A were injected with cortin obtained by the ether-alcohol method, 5 those of Group B with isotonic saline. The extract used in the first week was prepared by a new method which was found to greatly reduce its potency. Two rats in each group died in this interval. A potent extract was used after the first week, under the influence of which the weight curves of the extract-injected animals recovered their preoperative slope. The product from 25 gm. of cortex was injected twice daily in each rat in Group A.


Nowadays, more than ever, plastic waste becomes a major problem for almost every nation in the world, including Indonesia. Creative solutions are needed to be the answer to overcome this urgent issue. Although there have been many attempts to create better waste management, these ongoing efforts are still far from the expectation. Therefore, every sector needs to collaborate to be part of the solution, including the education sector. The young generation is fertile ground for the birth of innovative ways to reduce plastic waste. This research aims to show that everything, even things as old as historical artifacts, can be a source of inspiration to overcome the plastic waste problem in Indonesia. However, an appropriate skill set is needed to extract this local content and make it suitable for the current digital society. This qualitative research is conducted through a case study using lateral thinking mode to prove that all things can be the source of inspiration to generate ideas. We can conclude that ideas can come from anywhere in the form of anything. Even though historical artifacts come from a long time ago, and even some have been around for hundreds of years, they possess unique local ingenious capacities.


Tampon applicator for placing a tampon into the vaginal cavity. The tampon applicator includes an inner member and disposed an outer member coaxially for insertion of the tampon into the vaginal cavity. The inner member can slide within the outer member, at least 15% of the length of the tampon, remains in the outer member when the inner member fitted perfectly with the outer member to define the remainder of the tampon . Remainder of the tampon requires a force of less than about 0.30N to be taken out from the tampon applicator. Alternatively, when the inner member defining the remainder of the tampon is fitted completely and the outer member, the remainder of the tampon requires a force of less than about 0.04 N / mm in order to be taken out from the outer member.


ABSTRACT There is a lack of published research examining ways to mitigate the effects of attention on human error prevalence in the marine setting. Evidence from the aviation industry, a very similar field, shows that attention does impact performance, especially when more than one task is to be completed at the same time. Much like pilots, mariners are constantly completing tasks concurrently, and thus need to be able to disperse their attention over multiple sources of incoming information. Manipulating attention through effective education is proposed to reduce the rates of human error at sea. The relationship between attention, dual-task learning, and human information processing is explored in an attempt to provide a foundation for future researchers to dive deeper into this issue and create a curriculum that focuses on instilling attention allocation skills in novices.


The cationic copolymer was prepared from monomer acylamide(AM) and 2-(acyloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride(DAC) by solution polymerization.The cationic degree of the copolymer was determined by the titration,the reactivity ratios of the cationic copolymer were obtained by the Fineman-Ross method,Kelen-Tudos method and Yezrielev-Brokhina-Roskin method,respectively.The results show that the values of the reactivity ratios determined by K-T method and YBR method are more accurate.The reactivity ratios of AM and DAC are rDAC=0.383 5,rAM=2.286 4 calculated by K-T method and YBR method.


The aim of this study was to measure the bone mineral density of specific regions of maxilla, mandible, and first cervical vertebra using the Hounsfield unit and trabecular microstructure pattern analysis and to compare the two methods. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 58 patients. Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, and bone volume fraction were measured in 484 regions for trabecular microstructure parameters and Hounsfield unit was measured for the grayscale value. There was no difference in bone mineral density between the right and left side in every site and between males and females. Trabecular thickness and trabecular number were high in the order of anterior base of the maxilla, mandibular body, first cervical vertebra, and mandibular condyle. Bone volume fraction and Hounsfield unit were high in the order of anterior base of the maxilla, mandibular body, mandibular condyle, and first cervical vertebra (p < 0.05). Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and bone volume fraction was positively correlated to the Hounsfield unit, and trabecular separation was negatively correlated to the Hounsfield unit (p < 0.005). This study suggests that it is possible to compare the bone mineral density of trabecular bone in various sites using the Hounsfield unit and trabecular microstructure pattern analysis.


This review and subsequent discussion delineate what is known from animal experiments and clinical findings about endometrial responses to different estrogens. Synthetic estrogens (e.g. ethinyl estradiol) have a much stronger effect than natural human estrogens. For example the proliferative effect of ethinyl estradiol proved to be 50% stronger than that of its methyl ester mestranol in human endometrium (100 mg sequentially). Little is known about the effects of equine estrogens on human endometrium. In terms of natural estrogens 1 study showed the potencies of estradiol/estrone/estriol on the vaginal epithelium and the uterine weight gave the relative effect as 100/10/1. Levels of estrone amounting to 180 mcg/day have been observed in adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma uteri leading to the estrone theory: endometrial tumor development is related exclusively to peripheral estrone production. Obesity feeds this mechanism according to the estrone theory because conversion of androstenedione to estrone is correlated to body weight. Oral ingestion of estradiol results in high plasma concentrations of estrone and estradiol and its conjugates 15 minutes after ingestion; experimentally there is an increase in uterine weight and increased endometrial activity. Estriol which stimulates the cervix vagina and vulva but causes no endometrial proliferation is advocated as the best climacteric treatment agent for estrogen replacement therapy because it does not induce breakthrough or withdrawal bleeding. The review closes with a discussion of endometrial hyperplasia by relating estrogen levels to endometrial morphology: inactive endometrium secreted 0-10 mcg total estrogen/day; proliferative 10-30 mcg; and cystic glandular hyperplasia 25-40 mcg/day.


Polymer/inorganic nanocomposites is of a novel type advanced materials with excellent propeties, and is becoming an increasingly important area of polymer materials science and engineering. Polymer/Inorganic nanocomposites play an important role in scientific research and application. The progress and application of polymer/inorganic nanocomposites were reviewed.


SENSITIVITY Understanding the importance of meaning generation for organizational communication Identifying how organizational communication creates and shapes organizational events SKILLS Developing analysis abilities using the Functional approach, the Meaning-Centered approach, and Emerging Perspectives Practicing analysis abilities VALUES Viewing communication as the fundamental organizational process Relating organizational communication to a variety of value and ethical issues Coronado Manufacturing Company, located in Trenton, New Jersey, is a small-appliance manufacturer providing house brand products to a series of major chain stores. The situation you are about to examine was once a major issue for Coronado, threatening their long-term survival. We use their quality defects problem to assist in understanding major theoretical perspectives for organizational communication. Bill Drake, president of Coronado Manufacturing Company, could hardly believe the conclusions in the consultant's report. Product quality had always been a strength of Coronado Manufacturing, and now defective products were being blamed for declining sales in the company's small-appliance line. The report went on to say that the sales department for Coronado was not passing along customer complaints to anyone in manufacturing. Furthermore, Drake was confused by his own lack of personal knowledge about customer dissatisfaction and about problems in manufacturing. After all, he met weekly with the management team responsible for spotting these problems, and they all knew that he felt that the customer was number one. Drake thought about the history of Coronado Manufacturing. Coronado had been founded some fifty years ago by Drake's father and uncle. Both men had worked most of their lives for a major manufacturer of small appliances well known for its quality products and customer concern. In founding Coronado, both men had hired people who cared about quality and understood customers. In fact, stories were told about the founders personally emphasizing quality to newcomers on the manufacturing line and making " surprise " visits to customers to check on how " their " products were working. When Bill Drake's father retired, he had admonished Bill not to forget the basics that had made the business successful. Bill Drake had assumed he was successfully carrying on Coronado's quality and customer traditions. Was the report accurate? Was his management team withholding information? How could he determine what to do? Bill Drake is confronted with a management problem requiring immediate action. The decisions he makes, the action he takes, and what ultimately happens to Coronado Manufacturing provide examples of how organizational communication creates …


Cobalt‐loaded MFI zeolite showed distinct activity for direct methylation of benzene with methane into toluene. High activity was found at around 0.6 of Co/Al molar ratio. Incorporation of carbon from methane into the methyl group of toluene was confirmed with isotope tracer experiments and mass spectroscopy. Ammonia infrared‐mass spectroscopy temperature‐programmed desorption, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure indicated that Lewis acidic divalent (+II of oxidation state) Co species mono‐atomically dispersed on the ion exchange site of MFI zeolite was the active species.


We have used the scanning electron microscope to investigate the changes that occur in scalp hair during infection with Trichophyton violaceum . We provide information on the morphology of these dermatophytes and present evidence that their hyphae dig tunnel-like burrows into the hair shaft, dissociating hair into keratin fibrils.


Objective To study the effect of combined Jinlong capsule and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) on hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma.Methods Forty-six patients with hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2011 to March 2013 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group(23 in each group).Three months after patients in control group received TACE and those in treatment group underwent combined Jinlong capsule and TACE,their tumor size,quality of life and immune function were compared.Results No significant difference was observed in the effective rate between the two groups(P0.05).However,the tumor progression rate was significantly lower whereas the life quality score and immune function were significantly higher in treatment group than in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Combined Jinlong capsule and TACE delays tumor progression,improves life quality and immune function of the patients by exerting a significant synergistic effect on the tumor.


Reproductive ageing can occur due to the deterioration of both the soma and germline. In males, it has mostly been studied with respect to age-related changes in sperm. However, the somatic component of the ejaculate, seminal fluid, is also essential for maintaining reproductive function. Whilst we know that seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are required for male reproductive success across diverse taxa, age-related changes in SFP quantity and composition are little understood. Additionally, only few studies have explored the reproductive ageing of the tissues that produce SFPs, and the resulting reproductive outcomes. Here we provide a systematic review of studies addressing how advancing male age affects the production and properties of seminal fluid, in particular SFPs and oxidative stress, highlighting many open questions and generating new hypotheses for further research. We additionally discuss how declines in function of different components of seminal fluid, such as SFPs and antioxidants, could contribute to age-related loss of reproductive ability. Overall, we find evidence that ageing results in increased oxidative stress in seminal fluid and a decrease in the abundance of various SFPs. These results suggest that seminal fluid contributes towards important age-related changes influencing male reproduction. Thus, it is essential to study this mostly ignored component of the ejaculate to understand male reproductive ageing, and its consequences for sexual selection and paternal age effects on offspring.


The paper provides restrictions on the investor's utility function which are sufficient for a dominating shift no decrease in the investment in the respective asset if there are one risk free asset and two risky assets in the portfolio. The analysis is then confined to portfolio in which the distributions of assets differ by a first-degree-stochastic dominance shift.


Molecular imaging is a newly rising branches of science which comes from molecular biology technology and modern medical imaging,and it would be the development tendency of mendiacl imaging. This article briefly introduces the basal principle of molecular imaging,the difference and correlation between molecular imaging and traditional medical imaging and the development prospect of medical imaging.


Connecting anything to the Internet is one of the main objectives of the Internet of Things (IoT). It enabled to access any device from anywhere at any time without any human intervention. There are endless applications of IoT involving controlling home applications to industry. This rapid growth of this technology and innovations of its application results due to improved technology of developing these tiny devices with its back-end software. On the other side, internal resources such as memory, processing power, battery life are the significant constraints of these devices. Introducing lightweight cryptography helped secure data transmission across various devices while protecting these devices from getting attacked for DDoS attack is still a significant concern. This paper primarily focuses on elaborating on DDoS attack and the malware used to initiate a DDoS attack on IoT devices. Further, this paper mainly focuses on providing solutions that would help to prevent DDoS attack from IoT network.


The Genesis of hydrocarbons of artic sector Western Siberia to artic sector Western Siberia to be according Tectonic component and foulness Jurassic and Cretaceous sediment


Masters Thesis Fetihname-i Sultan Mehmed Observation-Text Ruşan TÜRKEN (DUMAN) University of Fırat The Institute of Social Science Department of Turkish Language and Literature


The phenomenon of divorce is also inseparable from various causes, so that it becomes the reason for husband or wife to file for divorce at the religious court. In addition, the impact of divorce will have a major influence on the psychology of parties, the environment and the children are no exception. Specifically in Central Sulawesi, the number of divorces that occurred during 2016 was 2,699 cases handled by the Religious Courts in 13 districts and cities. This figure has increased when compared to 2015 only 2,490 cases. In addition, from this overall figure, it is noted that wives dominate filing for divorce compared to husbands.


This paper introduces and discusses a manual, bearing the above title, currently under preparation for a NAASRA publication. A copy of the draft manual is attached. The guide provides a nomenclature for and description of the significant, visually observable defects in bituminous surfaced, concrete surfaced and unsealed road pavements. It also defines methods for measuring defects and lists the major causes for the development of the particular defect type (Author). The number of the covering record for the workshop is IRRD no 284059. (TRRL)


Because the majority of Debussy's earliest compositions have remained unpublished and largely inaccessible, previous research has not considered fully the important role those compositions play in the composer's development. Now, thanks to an extended opportunity to study the early compositions,1 certain aspects of Debussy's personal evolution may be traced by comparing the first conception of an idea with its further realization in a later composition. In the present article, I should like to offer two such comparisons. One is between the mlodie FRte galante (1882) and its revision as the Menuet of the Petite Suite (1889). The other is between the mlodie La Fille aux cheveux de lin (ca. 1882-84) and the wellknown prelude for piano (Book I, 1910) of the same title.2


Abstract Potassium (K + ) is one of the most abundant cations in higher plant. It comprises about 10% of plant dry weight and it plays roles in numerous functions such as osmo- and turgor regulation, charge balance of plasma mem-brane and control of stomata and organ movement. Several potassium transporters and potassium channels regulate K + homeostasis in response to K + uptake systems. In this review, we describe the biological, biochemical and physiological characteristics of shaker like potassium channels in higher plant. Especially, we searched the rice genome databases and analysized expressed genes, genome structures and protein domain characteristics of shaker like potassium channels. Keywords plant potassium channel, shaker like, rice 서 론 식물 생장에 필수적인 무기 영양소 중 K + (potassium) 이온은 식물체 내에서 가장 풍부한 양이온으로서 조직이나 식물에 따라 다르나 mM 수준의 농도로 식물 세포에 존재한다. K + 이온은 호흡과 광합성에 필요한 효소들의 활성조절, 세포막 전위차 (plasmamembrane potential)의 조절, 그리고 음이온 그룹과의 전기적 중성화 등을 통해 세포의 항상성 유지, 팽압 조절, 세포 신장, 기공 개폐 과정들에서 중요한 역할을 수행한다 (Lebaudy et al. 2007; Gam-bale and Uozumi 2006). 이러한 K


A method A for recording after further delivery produced a delivery post revenue activities associated with pre-loaded non-activated resident core applications System for producing a post-marketing Receipts based on remote activation of non-activation core applications which have been pre-loaded. The system further comprises incorporating the pre-loaded non-activated core applications was the integrated circuit chip. The system further comprises producing a post-marketing Receipts based on remote activation of non-activation core applications which have been pre-loaded. The system further comprises incorporating the pre-loaded non-activated core applications were in the computing device. The system further comprises at least a portion of the post-sale proceeds received associated with original equipment computing device manufacturers. Further included is a system for monitoring the one or more remote activation of non-activation core applications which have been pre-loaded. The system further comprises incorporating the pre-loaded non-activated core applications were in the computing device. The system further includes reporting the use of non-activated core applications that are the pre-loading based on said monitoring of remote activation of the pre-loaded non-activated core applications. .Field


Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading worldwide. Although 10%–20% of patients with COVID-19 have severe symptoms, little is known about the risk factors related to the aggravation of COVID-19 symptoms from asymptomatic or mild to severe disease states. Methods: This retrospective study included 211 patients who were asymptomatic or with mild presentations of COVID-19. We evaluated the differences in in demographic and clinical data between the cured (discharged to home) and transferred (aggravated to severe-stage COVID-19) groups. Results: A multivariate logistic analysis showed that body temperature, chills, initial chest X-ray findings, and the presence of diabetes were significantly associated with predicting the progression to severe stage of COVID-19 (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of transfer in patients with COVID-19 increased by 12.7-fold for abnormal findings such as haziness or consolidation in initial chest X-ray, 6.32-fold for initial symptom of chills, and 64.1-fold for diabetes.Conclusions: Even if patients are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, clinicians should closely observe patients with COVID-19 presenting with chills, body temperature >37.5°C, findings of pneumonia in chest X-ray, or diabetes.


Commentary on : Black WC, Gareen IF, Soneji SS, et al.; National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Cost-effectiveness of CT screening in the National Lung Screening Trial. N Engl J Med 2014;37:1793–802.[OpenUrl][1]

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) revealed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality from three annual low-dose CT screening scans compared with chest radiographs in high-risk individuals.1 Since up to 10 million individuals in the USA may qualify for annual CT screening, policymakers have legitimately questioned whether the benefits of lung cancer screening justify the potential high costs of large-scale screening implementation. To assess the value of CT screening, Black et al conducted a trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis using the NLST data.

This trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis compared life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) and lifetime costs for three strategies: (1) annual CT screening for 3 years; (2) annual chest X-ray screening for 3 years and (3) no screening. …

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Augmented Reality (AR) and the environments that it creates have the ability to change a person's sensory experience in various ways. The therapeutic potential of AR has only recently been realised and more applications of this technology are gradually being utilised for the treatment of people suffering from phobias, severe burns and spinal cord lesions. Augmented environments can be used to distract the attention of patients from excruciatingly painful or terrifying experiences. Phantom limb pain occurs when a person feels pain that he/she attributes to the area of a limb that has been removed. Phantom limb pain can be very severe and disabling. It continues to be experienced by two thirds of amputees, eight years post-amputation. V.S. Ramachandran developed a technique to treat phantom limb pain in upper limb amputees by using an ordinary mirror. The patients placed their intact arm into a box, which contained a mirror down the mid-line, so that when viewed from slightly off-centre, the reflection of their arm gave the impression that the patient had two intact arms. When the patients moved their intact arms, their phantoms appeared to move in synchrony. Whilst this method had positive therapeutic value for some patients, it was completely ineffective for others. Individual differences were observed in the extent to which patients were susceptible to the illusion that the reflected arm was in fact their own. This led to great variability in the experienced authenticity of the mirror box illusion. Each amputee has his/her own individual perception of the phantom limb. The phantom limb may be shorter, or longer, have some parts thicker or thinner, be continuous, or have gaps in it, in comparison to the original limb. This would appear to be why the mirror box is so successful for some, yet completely ineffective for others. We have developed, using a data glove and Augmented Reality, an environment in which upper limb amputees can have their phantom limbs individually tailored to represent their own perception of their missing limb. They can then experience a virtual mirror box by wearing a data glove and a magnetic sensory device on their intact limb, whilst watching their phantom move in unison on a flat screen positioned where the mirror should be. This can also be set up to allow for motion of the phantom in the same direction as that of the intact limb, something that cannot be experienced with the mirror.


With the rapid advancement in technology, smart homes have become applicable and so the need arise to solve the security challenges that are accompanied with its operation. Passwords and identity cards have been used as traditional authentication mechanisms in home environments, however, the rise of misuse of these mechanisms are proving them to be less reliable. For instance, ID cards can be misplaced, copied or counterfeited and being misused. Conversely, studies have shown that biometrics authentication systems particularly Iris Recognition Technology (IRT) and Fingerprint Recognition Technology (FRT) have the most reliable mechanisms to date providing tremendous accuracy and speed. As the technology becomes less expensive, application of IRT& FRT in smart-homes becomes more reliable and appropriate solution for security challenges. In this paper, we present our approach to design an authentication system for smart homes based on IRT, FRT and ARM7TDMI.The system employs two biometrics mechanisms for high reliability whereby initially, system users must enroll their fingerprints and eyes into the camera. Iris and fingerprint biometrics are scanned and the images are stored in the database. In the stage of authentication, FRT and IRT fingerprint scan and analyze points of the user's current input iris and fingerprint and match with the database contents. If one or more captured images do not match with the one in the database, then the system will not give authorization.


Patients with cutaneous vasculitis are known to have decreased blood fibrinolytic activity and to respond to such fibrinolytic agents as phenformin and stanozolol (Cunliffe et al, 1971). Angiopathy in diabetes as exemplified by diabetic retinitis is similarly associated with impaired fibrinolysis (Egeberg, 1963; Fearnley et al., 1963; Aimer et al., 1975). Diabetic angiopathy, as shown by thickening of the basement membrane and the deposition of glycoprotein in and around the blood vessel walls, is seen in both necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare (Handelsman et al., 1962; McMillan et al., 1966; Haim et al., 1973). It was therefore decided to try fibrinolytic agents in patients with necrobiosis lipoidica, and stanozolol (Stromba) was used initially as it seemed the most effective fibrinolytic agent available. This produced a therapeutic


The rate of data generation is enormously growing due to the number of internet users and its speed. This increases the possibility of intrusions causing serious financial damage. Detecting the intruders in such high-speed data networks is a challenging task. Therefore, in this paper, we present a high-speed Intrusion Detection System (IDS), capable of working in Big Data environment. The system design contains four layers, consisting of capturing layer, filtration and load balancing layer, processing layer, and the decision-making layer. Nine best parameters are selected for intruder flows classification using FSR and BER, as well as by analyzing the DARPA datasets. Among various machine learning approaches, the proposed system performs well on REPTree and J48 using the proposed features. The system evaluation and comparison results show that the system has better efficiency and accuracy as compare to existing systems with the overall 99.9 % true positive and less than 0.001 % false positive using REPTree.


It is often assumed that topic models benefit from the use of a manually curated stopword list. Constructing this list is time-consuming and often subject to user judgments about what kinds of words are important to the model and the application. Although stopword removal clearly affects which word types appear as most probable terms in topics, we argue that this improvement is superficial, and that topic inference benefits little from the practice of removing stopwords beyond very frequent terms. Removing corpus-specific stopwords after model inference is more transparent and produces similar results to removing those words prior to inference.


Nationwide analysis of almost 170,000 patients who were treated in trauma centers following fall from a ladder. Men over 50 years old comprise the bulk of the demographic. One in six patients sustained major trauma (ISS>15). Overall mortality was 1.8% and 3.6% in the elderly. BACKGROUND Our contemporary understanding of the impact of falls from ladders remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the injury patterns and outcomes of falls from ladders. Our hypothesis was that age affects both injury type and outcomes. METHODS The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for all patients who fell from a ladder (January 2007 to December 2017). Participants were stratified into four groups according to age: 15 years or younger, 16 years to 50 years, 51 years to 65 years, and older than 65 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the injury patterns and outcomes between the groups. RESULTS A total of 168,227 patients were included for analysis. Median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 45–66 years), 86.1% were male, and median ISS was 9 (interquartile range, 4–13). Increasing age was associated with a higher risk of severe trauma (ISS > 15: 8.8% vs. 13.7% vs. 17.5% vs. 22.0%; p < 0.001). Head injuries followed a U-shaped distribution, with pediatric and elderly patients representing the most vulnerable groups. Overall, fractures were the most common type of injury, in the following order: lower extremity, 27.3%; spine, 24.9%; rib, 23.1%; upper extremity, 20.1%; and pelvis, 10.3%. The overall intensive care unit admission rate was 21.5%; however, it was significantly higher in the elderly (29.1%). In-hospital mortality was 1.8%. The risk of death progressively increased with age with a mortality rate of 0.3%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 3.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Strong predictors of mortality were Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower on admission (odds ratio, 29.80; 95% confidence interval, 26.66–33.31; p < 0.001) and age >65 years (odds ratio 4.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.535–4.692; p < 0.001). Only 50.8% of the elderly patients were discharged home without health services, 16.5% were discharged to nursing homes, and 15.2% to rehabilitation centers. CONCLUSION Falls from ladders are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. Head injuries and fractures are common and often severe. An intensified approach to safe ladder use in the community is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/care management; Level III.


Summary Based on the Collins integral formula, an analytical propagation equation of three-dimensional (3D) elegant Hermite-Gaussian (H-G) beams through a 4 × 4 paraxial optical system is derived, by means of which a detailed study of astigmatic H-G beams propagating through a three-cylindrical-lens mode converter is made. It is found that astigmatic elegant H-G beams can be converted to symmetric elegant H-G beams in the sense of second-order moments and the symmetric behavior remains upon propagation in free space, but this type of symmetrization is imperfect.


The ICT influences tourism industry in a growing manner, both in the quantitative and qualitative
aspects, with their final individual consumers and group's business users, in many dimensions
and many non-predictable ways. The ICT penetration into the tourism sector will be supported by
novaday's development and establishment of new online technologies (e. g. web pages, WAP,
mobile phones, PDA, IDTV), the growing ICT interactivity (e. g. hypermedia, interactive maps, GIS
applications), growing personalisation (sophisticated information search, presented information
structure on the base of user's preferences and behaviour etc.), the growing information transmis-
sion speed, interconnection among different IS in networks of "classical" online and mobile online
services (e. g. GDS, LBS, CRS, GIS), the growing security of E-business transactions (cryptology,
biometry, protocols), and via other factors (e. g. social, economic). What will be dominant, are
the different forms of E-business (both B2C and B2B) characterised by growing personalisation,
interactivity, complexity and services concentration and at the same time usage simplification. In
last years, the dominant role of the web pages/Internet will be transformed into the role of one ac-
cording to the conditions used technology together with LBS and IDTV, and simultaneously these
technologies will cooperate.
New age of usage of the ICT in tourism will influence not only sophisticated presentation and on-
line technologies (web, LBS interfaces, IDTV) but also cognitive and AI applications (e. g. semantic
representations, knowledge and expert systems), space oriented applications (the GIS), intelligent
sorting and information search (which is very important for the exponentially growing information/
virtual space), or virtual reality applications. In the near future will have E-business in developed
countries more consumers than in the traditional personal trade. And of course, tourism marketing
will change itself more and more into the online form with many competition and business subjects'
fusion consequences. On the other hand the ICT is an opportunity also for the small businesses (e.
g. pensions, small private museums, bed-and-breakfast, specialised restaurants).


The industrial revolution is marked by the use of new technologies in various fields. Along with the revolution and evolution in the industrial world throughout the world, marketing also experienced changes as a result of the adaptation and development of the industry. The purpose of this research is to find out how the behavior of millennial generation in using the Grabfood application. An approach method to study the research object by trying to explain the relationship between the research variables using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis test instruments. The results showed that the factors of consumptive behavior were the most influential and dominant factors in millennial generation in using the Grabfood application. Keyword : Millennial Generation, Application, Grabfood


The results of the Kansas City-Wyandotte County Department of Health study of operation and maintenance ( O & M) practices at a fiberglass manufacturing facility and a secondary metals smelter demonstrate the substantial impact of O & M practices on particulate emissions. Both facilities have a history of O & M problems leading to excessive particulate emissions. Over a period of time, detailed O & M information was obtained from facility management and operating personnel. Extended periods of in plant observation of O & M procedures were correlated with simultaneous outside observations of visible emissions. O & M related excessive emission problems at the secondary metals smelter were found usually to be caused by operator errors, compounded by marginally effective control equipment. In contrast, the excessive emissions problems at the fiberglass plant were almost always caused by actual process or control equipment malfunctions. These malfunctions appear to be almost inherent in the types of control eq...


Biomedicine
Despite successful implementation of strategies that reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the incidence of melanoma—the least common but most fatal form of skin cancer—continues to rise. This observation, together with the fact that melanomas can occur on non–sun-exposed skin


a comprehensive discussion of policing&dquo; (p. xi). The authors certainly accomplish this goal. The text argues that the police have become an important part of American society, and that they are a barrier between the violence and corruption that plague our cities. They describe the high visibility of police: patrolling neighborhoods, making arrests, and issuing traffic citations. Due to this exposure many conceptions of the police role have been formed, and these differing opinions have had a direct impact on the criminal justice system. The material contained in this book is presented in a clear and comprehensible fashion divided into ten chapters. Each chapter is broken down into subtopics, a summary, and a brief section entitled &dquo;Chief's Comer&dquo; summarizing the ideas and recommendations of the Chief of Police. The authors also describe many of the important factors in the police profession, such as police recruitment, organization and administration, hazards of the job, and different forms of policing. The final two chapters deal with the future of policing, community-police relations, legal problems, and how police attitudes help to bring about inefficiency in the criminal justice system. Policing Urban America provides a useful guide for students, criminal justice professionals, and others interested in American police and policing. The book provides general and practical information that can be used by students, instructors, or the casual reader.


A previously healthy 60-year-old male patient presented with sudden pain and bruising in his left little finger, which occurred at home shortly before his visit. At the time, he noticed a bluish discolouration on the palmar aspect of the finger and became concerned that it might be a sign of a serious vascular or haematological disease. He had no history of preceding trauma, cold exposure or medication. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous …


Poor compliance is a major problem in paediatric asthma management, and several factors play role in this. These include route of administration- for inhaled medication oral therapy is preferred, frequency of dosing- once or twice daily regimens are preferred and concern of side effects. Concerns about side effects and compliance limit use of many currently recommended drugs. The systemic adverse effects ICSs limits it's use in oral therapy even if it's clinical benefit agreed by all current guidelines. Doxofylline is a novel bronchodilator xanthine drug and its bronchodilator activities have been demonstrated in animal studies and in clinical trials involving patients with either bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism of action is similar to that of theophylline. However, unlike theophylline, doxofylline has greatly decreased affinity towards adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, which explain its better safety profile. The bioavailability of Doxofylline is about 62.6% after oral administration. . Because of the favourable profile and significant wider therapeutic window, doxofylline offers an opportunity to improve tolerability of methylxanthines. The main cardiovascular tolerability of doxofylline makes it unnecessary to monitor serum levels of the drug. Clinical studies have shown it's clinical efficacy in relieving airway obstruction and tolerability in paediatric patients.


The title compound 7-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-6-methylthio-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]-pyrazole (Mr = 239.29) was synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, 1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 8.0461(10), b = 8.5534(11), c = 9.5605(12), α = 64.804(2), β = 74.231(2), γ = 76.885(2)°, V = 568.27(12)3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.398 g/cm3, μ = 0.274 mm-1, F(000) = 252, the final R = 0.0454 and wR = 0.1261. A total of 3360 reflections were collected, of which 2466 were independent (Rint = 0.0138) and 2154 were observed with I 2σ(I).


A unique perspective approach based on an analogy method is presented to solve the ray equation in a model of a continuous inhomogeneous medium, which has a spherically symmetric distribution. Basically, in the standard undergraduate physics teaching, the curved ray path caused by refraction in a medium with a continuously varying refractive index has always been a relatively difficult problem to solve. The equation is usually expressed in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs), which cannot be solved by analytical methods. Based on the analogy method, this work proposes the correspondence between ray refraction in an established medium model and the inverse-square central force system, succinctly obtaining their relation equations mathematically. We also verify the correctness of the method by qualitative and quantitative analysis. In terms of theoretical validation, we analyse the relation between Fermat's principle and Hamilton's principle, which lays a theoretical foundation for the analogy method. In addition, ray paths in the medium model were also simulated by numerical calculations based on COMSOL Multiphysics, and the results are in perfect agreement with the conclusions.


An image recognition device, an image recognition program and an image recognition method; the image recognition method aims at the image respectively describing each character string as a plurality of logic elements composing the logic structure and recognizes each logic element based on the logic structure model provided corresponding to the logic structure mode; the method comprises the following steps: collecting information processed with the logical structure model of images of a logical structure, acquiring a recognition result when recognizing an image of a logical structure corresponding to the logic structure model before updated based on the updated structure model by processing information collected with a post-update logical structure model when the mode corresponding to the new logical structure to update the logic structure model into the new logic structure model; comparing when the recognition result to process the information collected by the logic structure model before updating is matched with the recognition result obtained by the logic structure model after updated; outputting the warning message expressing the warning of the updated logic structure model tothe output unit when the compared result is not matched.


We show how to use fixed Fourier bases for efficient spectral compression of 3D meshes. In contrast with compression using variable bases, this permits efficient FFT decoding of the mesh. The coding procedure involves efficient mesh augmentation and generation of a neighborhood-preserving mapping between the vertices of a 3D mesh with arbitrary connectivity and those of a 6-regular mesh.


Ku band TCR receiver is designed and developed for GEOSAT applications of Indian space program. The receiver has been designed and implemented on modular based approach. Major modules are RF front end module, IF, LO and baseband .The paper discusses the design aspects of each module highlighting the design challenges at Ku band. The integrated characterization has been discussed with the receiver performance over various qualification test phases. The receiver incorporates synthesizer based Local oscillator design which has the advantage of no tuning elements and also gives the flexibility of setting the frequency as per the mission requirements at ground or tuning the receiver over 500MHz, allowing it to cater to in-orbit programmability requirement. The receiver has a command threshold of -110dBm and ranging threshold of -105dBm.The specifications, tests and the results are presented in detail. The developed receiver operates over 12.75–13.25 GHz band .The receiver is qualified for space use.


Objective To study the effects of clozapine and risperidone on hostility and side effects in patients with schizophrenia(SP).Methods The SP patients were randomly assigned to two groups,42 cases were treated with clozapine and a control group of 43 patients treated with risperidone.Both groups were assessed with the positive and negative syndrome (PANSS) and the side effects were evaluated with TESS before and 2,4,8,12 weeks after treatment.Results (1)The total score of PANSS in both groups were lower in 2,4,8,12 weeks of post-treatment than pre-treatment (P0.05);the score of hostility began to decrease in the second week,and risperidone had the greater extent of decrease than clozapine in post-treatment of 2,4,8,12 weeks,and the changes of hostility in both groups were significant different(P0.01).(2)There was no significant difference between the efficiency of clozapine group and risperidone group(P0.05).(3)There was significant difference between the side effects of clozapine group and risperidone group in somnolence,extracorticospinal tract side effect,endocrine alteration(P0.05).Conclusion The clozapine and risperidone are effective for hostility symptoms in SP patients,but risperidone has greater effects on hostility symptoms than clozapine.


In this article, we first show that non-Noetherian Artinian uniserial modules over commutative rings, duo rings, finite $R$-algebras and right Noetherian rings are $1$-atomic exactly like $Bbb Z_{p^{infty}}$. Consequently, we show that if $R$ is a right duo (or, a right Noetherian) ring, then the Noetherian dimension of an Artinian module with homogeneous uniserial dimension is less than or equal to $1$. In particular, if $A$ is a quotient finite dimensional $R$-module with homogeneous uniserial dimension, where $R$ is a locally Noetherian (or, a Noetherian duo) ring, then $n$-dim $Aleq 1$. We also show that the Krull dimension of Noetherian modules is bounded by the uniserial dimension of these modules. Moreover, we introduce the concept of qu-uniserial modules and by using this concept, we observe that if $A$ is an Artinian $R$-module, such that any of its submodules is qu-uniserial, where $R$ is a right duo (or, a right Noetherian) ring, then $n$-dim $Aleq 1$.


In incremental relaying, the destination uses a checking system and requires a retransmission from the relay in case an error happens. After receiving the signal from the relay, the destination combines the signals from the source and the relay and performs detection. However, the combined signal is actually worse because of the erroneous signal from the source. Our scheme eliminates the detrimental signal from the source and uses only the fresh signal from the relay, resulting in a large performance improvement and reduced complexity. The symbol error rate (SER) and its upper bound are established to analyze the power allocation strategy. Simulations verify the rightness of the theoretic studies, and many benefits of cooperative ARQ schemes are revealed.


We have had under observation a patient with syringomyelia, who within a few weeks developed marked bone changes in several joints. This case is being reported to illustrate the rapidity with which these changes may occur and to emphasize, among other things, their importance in neuropathic joints because of the medicolegal and compensation aspects. Case Report O. H., a 44-year-old Negro, was referred for a roentgen examination of a painful left shoulder on Feb. 17, 1942. A diagnosis of subdeltoid bursitis had been made in the surgical outpatient department and novocain injections had been given to relieve the pain. The roentgen examination showed nothing abnormal (Fig. 1). A month later (March 10, 1942) the patient returned to the surgical outpatient department because of an elevation of temperature, ranging to 102°. The shoulder ached and was swollen and fluctuant. It could be dislocated downward and posteriorly and the dislocation could be reduced without pain. Aspiration yielded about 50 c.c. of seros...


This paper suggests exploring the ethical context in Tunisians companies as perceived by employees, through studying the concept of ethical work climate. The results of the qualitative exploratory research, stressed divergent perceptions of the predominant ethical work climate in their organizations. This implies suitable managerial practices and ethical actions.


To assess the prevalence and prognosis of ventricular dyskinesis, radionuclide ventriculography was performed on 100 consecutive patients just before discharge from hospital following their first myocardial infarction; thereafter follow-up studies were performed after one and four months. Dyskinesis of the left ventricle was seen in 25 patients who had sustained transmural infarction which was anterior in 19 and inferolateral in six. Clinical examination poorly predicted dyskinesis; 20 patients exhibited persisting ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram, but only 10 had radiological cardiomegaly at the time of discharge. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly reduced at discharge (0.23 ± 0.07, mean ± 1 S.D) and for the group failed to improve four months after infarction. However, 10 patients remained free from cardiac failure during follow-up and could be distinguished by otherwise good left ventricular regional wall movement.


Introduction: Lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD) is considered a common disease. Lumbar pedicular screw fixation and interbody fusion is one of the com¬monly used and effective surgical method in management of single-level lumbar degenerative diseases. Although bilateral pedicular screw (PS) fixation after lumbar interbody fusion is accepted as a standard surgical procedure providing rigid fixation with a great biomechanical stability and clinical benefits, the rigidity of bilateral (PS) fixation can cause device-related osteoporosis of the vertebrae which makes the adjacent segment prone to load and motion-induced degeneration. Therefore, the concept of using less rigid systems of fixation has been advocated. Aim of study: To evaluate effectiveness of unilateral pedicular screws fixation and interbody fusion in unilateral degenerative spine pathology. Patients and methods: This study included 34 patients with single level degenerative lumbar spine disease who were subjected to transforaminal interbody lumbar fusion (TILF) and unilateral transpedicular screws fixation between July 2017 and March 2019 in Ain Shams University hospitals. Results: The study was conducted on 34 patients with age ranging between 32-56 years (mean 45.12±7.80 years). There were 17 male and 17 female in this study. When comparing VAS back pain preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 1,6 and 12 months, it showed highly significant improvement (P-value 0.000). Also when comparing VAS of leg pain preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 1,6 and 12 months duration, it showed highly significant improvement (P-value 0.000). ODI preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 1,6 and 12 months showed also highly significant improvement (P-value 0.000). Regarding the fusion rate, at 6 months postoperative 61.8% (21) of the patients had fusion grade 1,26.5% (9) of the patients had fusion grade 2 and 11.8% (4) of the patients had fusion grade 3. While at 12 months postoperative the percent of grade 1 fusion increased to become 85.3% (29 patients) and the rest were grade 2 fusions (14.7%) with no patients with grade 3 fusion. Conclusion: Unilateral pedicular screws and interbody fusion is a good modality of treatment for unilateral degenerative spine pathology.


As a component of an integral model of empathy, a counselor's imaginative faculty contributes to empathically understanding a diverse range of clients. Discussion of the literature and the therapeutic implications of imagination in counseling, including a case study, provide a humanistic perspective for using the counselor's imaginative potential. ********** The extremest resources of the imagination are called in to lay open the deepest movements of the heart. (William Hazlitt, 1817/1906, p. 131) From a humanistic perspective, a counselor's imagination has the potential to render a deeper empathic understanding of a client and capture the uniqueness of the individual. The imaginative capacity of a counselor evokes images and emotional reactions when attempting to envision what it is like to be another person. As a construct, the imagination involves a creative and active endeavor on the part of the counselor to facilitate entrance into the world of the client (Margulies, 1984, 1989). By listening to the personal stories that a client shares, a counselor's imagination is activated while also providing access to the individual's human condition. As an aspect of a counselor's internal experiencing, the imagination modality often enhances the utilization of empathy with individuals from diverse and less familiar backgrounds. Thus, the imagination is not necessarily restricted by the life experiences of the counselor, and in various ways may transcend them (Watson, Goldman, & Vanaerschot, 1998). Yet, despite its potential therapeutic utility, the counselor's imaginative faculty has only received minimal attention in the counseling literature (Frank, 1978; Hart, 1999; Margulies, 1984, 1989; Vanaerschot, 1997). This observation is in contrast with the extensive material available that focuses on a client's use of imagery, imagination, and fantasy in counseling (Cormier, Nurius, & Osborn, 2009; Lusebrink, 1990; Sheikh, 1984; Singer, 2006; Singer & Pope, 1978). This article reviews relevant literature relating to a counselor's use of imagination and empathy, reiterates an integral model of empathy, and clarifies the therapeutic implications of the imaginative function of the counselor. EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING IN COUNSELING Empathy in the counseling relationship has proven to be an essential element for promoting therapeutic change across almost every treatment orientation (Clark, 2007; Hartley, 1995; Kottler, Montgomery, & Marbley, 1998). Within a humanistic framework, the respectful cultivation of a facilitative counseling relationship promotes the exploration of meanings in the subjective experience of diverse clients (Hansen, 2009; Pearson, 1999). With an enhancement of client empathic understanding, there is generally an increase in trust and open communication, satisfaction and compliance in treatment, and positive therapeutic outcome (Feller & Cottone, 2003; Norcross, 2010). A client's experience of feeling deeply understood has a direct relationship to the extent of a counselor's empathic listening while maintaining appropriate psychological boundaries (Feller & Cottone, 2003; Myers, 2000). Carl Rogers (1975) was pivotal in advancing a recognition of the potency of a high degree of empathy in counseling by entering the private perceptual field of the client and sensing a person's explicit and implicit meanings. Rogers emphasized the counselor's empathic understanding of the internal frame of reference of a client and the importance of communicating this experiencing to the individual. According to Rogers, a counselor should, in some sense, put one's self aside in order to enter another's world without bias or prejudice. In contrast with this view, it is our position that the counselor's self has a potential to function as an essential tool for empathically understanding a client. In particular, the counselor may creatively use his or her imagination as a subjective component of empathy within the counseling experience. …


This study was conducted to investigate the copper requirement of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Six diets were prepared by supplementing a casein-gelatin-based diet with 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20mg/kg copper from CuSO4·5H2O. Grouper with an initial weight of (13.0±0.3)g were fed to satiation for 8 weeks. Growth performance, feed utilization, morphological indicators and hematocrit value of juvenile grouper were not significantly affected by dietary copper supplements ranging from 0 to 20mg/kg. Copper concentration of whole body and liver responded linearly to dietary copper supplement up to 3mg/kg and then reached a plateau. Broken-line analysis indicated that dietary copper of 5— 5.5mg/kg satisfied whole body and liver copper storage. Whole body Fe, Mn and Zn were significantly lower when dietary total copper≥6mg/kg. Liver Fe, Mn and Zn were not significantly affected by dietary copper supplement ranging from 0 to 20mg/kg. Concerning broken-line analysis of whole body and liver Cu, and the interaction effect of Cu supplement on whole body Fe, Mn and Zn concentration, we estimate that copper supplement of 3mg/kg might be optimum to the basal diet containing 1.50mg/kg Cu, providing dietary total copper of 5—5.5mg/kg.


Based on the relational data of the registered users labeled as "Guilin University of Technology"(Guilin University of Technology area) in the Sina Micro Blog,a local area social network was constructed.Its basic structure characteristics,each network member′s cliques,status,and so on were analyzed by means of the social network analysis software UCINET,then the credibility of the results was verified through some examples.


Abstract As part of a local police service's larger organizational change initiative, this study explored trust in policing. A cultural safety lens was used to hear Indigenous youths' truths and experiences. Methods comprised three focus groups with 19 participants (age 18-30 years) in the spring of 2019. Researchers employed a three-phase procedure to code and analyze the data. Findings highlight factors that led to participants' mistrust and perceptions of biased policing. Participants also recommended four ways for police to gain their trust through education, community engagement, respectful relations, and accountability. Implications for practice ensure a culturally safe approach for police and other mainstream organizations to follow for institutional changes that promote trust and reconciliation. Conclusions and next steps follow for an iterative, dialogical process for cultural safety.


After the 1927 publication of Erwin Ranofsky's famous essay, Die perspective als Symbolische Form, the question of the meaning to be given to perspective as a constitutive object of modern times would assume great significance.1 As an art historian, Panofsky took into consideration Italian Renaissance painting and painting theories of the great masters?including Masaccio, Filippo Brunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, Piero della Francesca, and Albert D?rer?whose work elaborated the discovery of perspectiva pingendi or artificialis. However, some compilations on the subject had already begun to circulate by the thirteenth century, prior to the Italian Renaissance. The most famous among these, English Franciscan John Peckham's Perspectiva commun is of the mid-thirteenth century, was used as a teaching handbook in European universities by faculties of the arts, philosophy, and medicine.2 These medieval "perspective" treatises are very complicated because of their contents, the different character of their authors, and their various conceptual positions.3 "Perspective" is largely a complex of philosophemas, as Hubert Damisch has well shown in his essay "Origine de la perspective":4 very different theoretical positions have risen about these philosophemas, especially epistemological, relating to different ways of considering the relationship between subject of cognition and truth. In this way, the connection between one's vision of reality and reality itself is established. But what kind o? reality, and what kind o? vision? Here, I would like to briefly point out the contribution made by fourteenth-century perspective compilations (and their possible influence on Alberti's De pictura) existing before Filippo Brunelleschi's and Piero della Francesca's works, reexamining the question of their true conceptual origin. In late Renaissance, Italian artists did not employ the word perspectiva, but instead used the Italian word prospettiva.5 The term perspectiva had been used during the Middle Ages to mean a complex of theories concerning, but not limited to, optics. The term ?ptica, deriving from the Greek optik?, was infrequently used. Thus medieval perspective works had different titles and were called "Perspectiva," "De aspectibus," or "De visu," and these variations in terminology were very important. In fact, the term perspectiva referred to the general science of perspicua vision, that is, clear vision, or the ability to see through something (perspicere); the term de aspectibus referred to problems concerning visual appearance, that is, the aspectus, or the form or image as it appears to our eyes. From this the term, "aspect" is derived, which is used in everyday language. Only the title De visu referred to the sense o? sight or vision.6 These terms are not perfectly equivalent because they are differently adapted to the texts to which they refer: aspectus is used by the translator (probably Gerard of Cremona) in his Latin version of Alhazen's Kitab-al Manazir (De aspectibus), and is connected with Alhazen's (Alacen for the Latins) particular theory of visual appearance. De visu is connected to the translations from Greek of Euclid's optics and to the terminology of Latin authors (such as Cicero) who dealt with sight and sensitive evidence?topics that had been


There is a scene in the cultural writings of English colonialism which repeats so insistently after the early nineteenth century-and, through that repetition, so triumphantly inaugurates a literature of empire-that I am bound to repeat it once more. It is the scenario, played out in the wild and wordless wastes of colonial India, Africa, the Caribbean, of the sudden, fortuitous discovery of the English book. It is, like all myths of origin, memorable for its balance between epiphany and enunciation. The discovery of the book is, at once, a moment of originality and authority, as well as a process of displacement that, paradoxically, makes the presence of the book wondrous to the extent to which it is repeated, translated, misread, displaced. It is with the emblem of the English book-"signs taken for wonders"-as an insignia of colonial authority and a signifier of colonial desire and discipline, that I want to begin this essay.


Seedling quantitative characters including diameter and height of the hypocotyl, the cotyledon length, width and shape of the cotyledon of 135 Cucurbita moschata Duch. local variety resources inbred-lines were investigated and statistical analyzed, and finally the described evaluation criterion of 5 quantitative characters of C. moschata seedling were put forward. This could lay a foundation for developing seedling character testing of C. moschata DUS (Distinctness-Uniformity-Stability) testing.


The research aims to describe the implementation of reading text in improving the students' mastery on simple present tense. The result of this research is expected to give contribution to the teaching-learning English in elementary school. The study was implemented in MI Awaliyah Bulakgadungan Ngawi using classroom action research. The writer took the sixth year students as the subject of research. The object of research was improving simple present tense mastery using reading text. The writer compared the result of pre-test and three post-test to collect the required data and then counted the improvement score. To ensure that reading text can improve the students' simple present tense mastery, the result in the post-test should show significant improvement from the result of pre-test. The results of the research show that: (1) In the first cycle the average result of pre-test is 3, 79 (poor), in the post-test1 the result increases to 5, 89 (low), (2) in the second cycle the result increases to 6, 58(fair), (3) in the third cycle the result increases to 7, 75(good).Considering the results of the research, there is improvement on the students' mastery of simple present tense from the first, second, and the third cycles. It can be concluded that reading text is a good technique to improve students' simple present tense mastery.


Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis(ANH) has now become a frequent diagnosis with the increasing use of antenatal ultrasonography. Objective of present study was to evaluate and follow up infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis and to determine whether there is significant correlation between anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter detected in antenatal USG and urinary tract anomalies detected postnatally. Methods: After obtaining an informed consent, all neonates with antenatal ultrasound showing hydronephrosis (n=80) were enrolled in the study. Postnatal ultrasound was done at 3 days ,1 month and 6 months of postnatal life. Atleast 6 months followup was done to look for spontaneous resolution or other significant pathology. Micturating cystourethrography/radionuclide scan done in selected cases. Results: Out of 80 cases ,43 had mild,24 had moderate and 13 had severe degrees of hydronephrosis.31 of them (9 mild,10 moderate and 12 with severe hydronephrosis) had postnatal anomaly detected.14 of them (1 mild, 4 moderate and 9 with severe hydronephrosis) underwent surgery. As the grade of antenatal hydronephrosis increases from mild, moderate to severe, the relative risk of postnatal anomaly and requirement of surgical intervention also increased (p value<0.0001). Conclusions: Antenatal hydronephrosis may be associated with significant postnatal urinary tract anomaly with risk quantified by the measurement of anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter(APPD).


Objective: Analysis of the operation of a bidirectional isolated converter for a direct-current traction drive of electric rolling stock under various load conditions. Methods: Mathematical modeling was applied for the research. The results are presented in the form of mathematical relationships and graphs of currents and voltages. Results: The relationship between the output voltage and the duty factor of a bidirectional isolated converter has been revealed. The converters operation is considered at six characteristic intervals of a full cycle with the following initial conditions: i(t0) < 0, i(t0) = 0, i(t0) > 0. The main dependences of the current in the inductance, the input and output voltage, the shape of the voltage and current curves for different operation modes of a bidirectional converter are given. The duty factor is determined to obtain the maximum output power of the bidirectional converter. Practical importance: The proposed bidirectional isolated converter scheme makes it possible to implement traction and regenerative braking modes for a traction drive of a DC electric rolling stock. The simulation results show that with significant changes in load the system retains the specified characteristics, provides speed


Data are presented for condensation of steam in cross‐flow with and without the presence of air on the outside of a single tube and a bank of tubes. The tube bank consisted of ten staggered rows of two and one tubes per row. For pure steam the experimental results for both the single tube and tube bank gave good agreement with single‐tube theory when account was taken of the reduction in vapour velocity due to condensation. There was some evidence, however, that condensate inundation may play a minor role in reducing heat‐transfer coefficients on the lower tubes in the bank. For the case of condensation from steam–air mixtures, the single‐tube data gave good agreement with theory. For condensation from steam–air mixtures on the bank of tubes, the data were significantly under predicted by single‐tube theory, possibly because of mixing and re‐circulation due to the complex flow pattern around the tubes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ai 93,a semi-dwarf mutant,was discovered in the population of 9311,a medium indica rice variety,in 2005.The genetic analysis showed that the semi-dwarfness of the mutant was controlled by a pair of incomplete recessive genes.The degree of dominance from the wild type gene was 0.31.The new semi-dwarf gene is tentatively designated sd-m.The comparison of the major characteristics of four pairs of F1 hybrids derived from Ai 93 and its wild type 9311 showed that the mutant had a marked effect on shortening the plants of hybrids(with a plant height difference of around 8.8 cm on average).It increased the number of effective panicles but slightly decreased grain weight,and had not a significant effect on other agronomic characters and grain yield,indicating that it is a valuable genetic resource in rice breeding.


Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) combined with cholangio jejunostomy and/or conventional radiation(CT) in the treatment of locally advanced bile duct cancer.Methods:52 cases of locally advanced bile duct cancer were divided into four groups. 16 cases of them were treated with cholangio jejunostomy plus SRT. 13 cases of them were treated with cholangio jejunostomy plus CT and SRT.12 cases were treated with SRT. 11 cases were treated with SRT plus CT.Results:The overall response rate of SRT were 96 2%.1-year survival rate in the four groups were 68 8%, 69 2%, 50 0% and 54 5%. 1-year survival rate of cases who received CT is similar with that of who didnt receive CT. The median survival period of the all cases was 15 months.Conclusion:SRT combined with cholangio jejunostomy is effective for locally advanced bile duct cancer.


Raman scattering is treated as a two‐photon process. A scattering mechanism that involves one‐photon in an electric dipole mode of radiation and one photon in a magnetic dipole mode (or an electric quadrupole mode) has been worked out. The scattering tensors are of odd parity and may be of higher than the second rank. Therefore, this mechanism may be used to study the "silent" modes forbidden in the ir and the conventional Raman effect which is of even parity. When the molecule has inversion or reflection symmetry, this mechanism gives rise to an odd‐parity electronic Raman effect between two (different) electronic states of opposite parities. This is in contrast to the recently discovered electronic Raman effect due to antisymmetric tensors which connect states of the same parity. When the molecule is optically active and has no inversion or reflection symmetry, this mechanism gives rise to novel vibrational and rotational Raman effects with symmetry and selection rules which are different from the conve...


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of capital restructuring for a family-owned real-estate development company in Saudi Arabia. The paper expands the understanding of value creation in a family business with a multiple projects portfolio. The study is approached as a single-case study research design. The main sources of evidence are financial statements, a small and medium sized enterprise (SME) interview, and a ten-year financial analysis. The data was analysed and compared to national competitors to show the various valuation outcomes, including the effect of SPV creation. The theoretical methodologies for valuation used, are book value, relative measures, earning capitalisation and value creation. The paper provides qualitative insight about how the valuation of real-estate development companies in Saudi Arabia can increase. It suggests that for family businesses especially in real-estate development, the adaptation of an appropriate capital structure is vital to give a fair valuation of the company. One finding of this study is that family businesses in Saudi Arabia have less desire for financial restructuring. Moreover, the paper discloses that SPV creation has increased the valuation due to the elimination of other projects' liabilities.


We propose a fast method for high-throughput screening of potential superconducting materials. The method is based on calculating metallic screening of zone-center phonon modes, which provides an accurate estimate for the electron-phonon coupling strength. This method is complementary to the recently proposed Rigid Muffin Tin (RMT) method, which amounts to integrating the electron-phonon coupling over the entire Brillouin zone (as opposed to the zone center), but in a relatively inferior approximation. We illustrate the use of this method by applying it to MgB$_\text{2}$, where the high-temperature superconductivity is known to be driven largely by the zone-center modes, and compare it to a sister compound AlB$_\text{2}$. We further illustrate the usage of this descriptor by screening a large number of binary hydrides, for which accurate first-principle calculations of electron-phonon coupling have been recently published. Together with the RMT descriptor, this method opens a way to perform initial high-throughput screening in search of conventional superconductors via machine learning or data mining.


textabstractChlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide.
Chlamydia is responsible for a significant proportion of genitourinary tract infections in adult
males and females, but like STIs in general, it is primarily a woman's health care issue since the
manifestations and consequences are more damaging to the reproductive health of women than of
men. Acute C. trachomatis infection is easy to treat, but the majority of chlamydial infections
remain asymptomatic and untreated, and may lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic pelvic pain in women, as well
as conjunctivitis and respiratory tract infection in infants. The health-economic impact of C.
trachomatis infections may therefore be enormous. Vaccines are not yet available. Hence, health gain
and financial benefits can only be achieved by active case finding and treatment of C. trachomatis
infection, which can be done on an individual level or nationwide in a screening program.


The article discusses the monograph Mapy romantyków by Dorota Siwicka in the light of her earlier works about the connections between Romantic poetry and place, and Romantic culture and geography. This critical reading includes the contemporary, especially literary, interest in spatial studies. The article reviews Siwicka's interdisciplinary work, characterizes her selection of maps and dissertations, and concentrates, among other categories, on the concept of "cartographic pact", which is an instrument for mapping Romantic authors.


Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of Ligustrazine on progressive fibrosis in renal interstitium. Methods: The rat models of renal interstitial fibrosis, pseudo-operation, treating with Ligustrazine and experimental control groups, were set up first all. The pathological changes and expressions of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in renal interstitum were observed. Results: It was found that the lesion degrees of the therapeutic group were significantly better than those of the control group(P0.01=).The number of α-SMA positive expressions in therapeutic group was also less than those in control group(P0.01=). Conclusion: under the renal pathological condition Ligustrazine can reduce the Myofibroblast expressions, inhibit the transformations of fibroblast'formation, therefore, the process of the formation and development of renal interstitial fibrosis in this study.