Aim: To compare the effectiveness of three different desensitizing toothpastes containing potassium salt, natural ingredients, and 8% arginine in reducing dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: A 4-week study was conducted on 45 adult patients suffering from hypersensitivity associated with cervical abrasion of two or more teeth anterior to the molars. Patients were divided into three toothpaste groups as follows: Group I: potassium salt, Group II: herbal desensitizing paste containing natural ingredients, and Group III: 8% arginine. Using tactile stimulus and air stimulus, the sensitivity scores were recorded using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, immediately after application, after 1 week, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test were used, and P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group III showed significantly better reduction in DH at all time intervals when compared with Group I. Group III was significantly better than Group II at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Conclusion: Desensitizing toothpaste containing 8% arginine was found to be the most effective in the reduction of DH after a single application up to a period of 4 weeks followed by herbal desensitizing toothpaste and potassium salt-containing toothpaste.


is not positive definite, unlike the SO(4) Casimir Ĵ + K̂. A mixed-signature but nondegenerate Casimir like (4) means that the corresponding Lie group is simple but noncompact, unlike a simple and compact SO(4) group. And while simple compact groups have plenty of finite unitary multiplets — in fact, every finite representation of such a group is unitary, — for the simple non-compact groups like Lorentz SO(3, 1) it's the other way around:


Introduction: As has been demonstrated before bracing concepts in use today for the treatment of scoliosis include symmetric and asymmetric hard braces usually made of polyethylene (PE) and soft braces. The plaster cast method worldwide seems to be the most practiced technique for the construction of hard braces at the moment. CAD / CAM (Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems are available which allow brace adjustments without plaster. As in the Ukraine the CAD / CAM technology is not affordable, we have tried to build our hand-made braces according to this standard via cast modelling. Aim of this study is to compare in-brace corrections of our brace built according to' Best Practice' Cheneau standards by hand with the published results available in literature on Cheneau braces.
Methods: In-brace correction and compliance clearly determine the outcome of bracing. Therefore, the in-brace correction is one of the most important parameters to estimate brace quality. We have been looking at the results achieved in our department after having been trained in the construction, adjustment and use of 'Best Practice' CAD / CAM Cheneau braces. All braces (of 207 patients) made between January 2009 and December 2010 have been reviewed for in-brace correction. As not all of the patients were in the normal range of brace indication, (Cobb 20 – 45°; age 10 – 14 years) we have been looking for the appropriate subset from our database fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: Girls only; diagnosis of an Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS); Cobb 20 – 45°; age 10 – 14 years).
Discussion: 92 Patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (Cobb 20 – 45°; age 10 – 14 years). Average Cobb angle was 29.2° (SD 6), Average in-brace Cobb angle was 12.8° (SD 6.2).  In-brace correction in the whole sample was 56%.
Conclusion: After appropriate training the experienced CPO is able to provide a hand-made standard of braces comparable to the recent CAD / CAM standard of bracing. In principle the results may be repeatable. Further studies on our hand-made series of braces are necessary (1) to evaluate brace comfort and (2) effectiveness using the SRS inclusion criteria. Less experienced technicians are advised to use standardized, expert driven and well established, CAD / CAM services.


: To investigate the value of ultrasound-guided brachial plexus combined with superficial cervical plexus nerve block anesthesia in the surgery of patients with mid-clavicular fracture. Eighty patients with mid-clavicular fractures admitted to a hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected for the study, and they were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, 40 patients in each group, and both groups were treated with internal fixation of clavicular fractures. The anesthetic effect and anesthesia, heart rate and blood pressure at different time points, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (Cor) levels before surgery and at the time of fracture reduction, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The anesthetic effect of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group ( P <0.05); the onset of anesthesia and sensory block were longer ( P <0.05) and the recovery time of sensation was shorter ( P <0.05) in the control group than in the study group; there was no significant difference between the heart rate and blood pressure of the two groups before anesthesia ( P >0.05), and the heart rate and blood pressure of the control group at the time of stripping the periosteum, at the end of surgery and at 10 min after surgery were significantly different. The heart rate and blood pressure of the control group were higher than those of the study group at the time of stripping the periosteum, at the end of surgery and 10 min after surgery ( P <0.05); before surgery, there was no significant difference in ACTH and Cor levels between the two groups ( P >0.05), and after fracture reduction, ACTH and Cor levels increased in both groups, and the control group was higher than the study group


A lens film that even when the thickness of transparent base material is reduced, exhibits low warpage. It is composed of transparent base material (12B1) of flexible material and, arranged along the direction of extension thereon, columnar prisms (12B2) of hardening resin. The transparent base material (12B1) has recesses (12B5) corresponding to valleys (12B3) defined by adjacent columnar prisms (12B2), and the columnar prisms (12B2) have inclined planes (12B4) extending to the inner wall of the recesses (12B5). The transparent base material (12B1) is in contact with the valleys (12B3), and between the transparent base material (12B1) and the columnar prisms (12B2), there exists no layer not functioning as a prism, known as skirt layer.


We report parallaxes and proper motions of three water maser sources in high-mass star-forming regions in the Outer Spiral Arm of the Milky Way. The observations were conducted with the Very Long Baseline Array as part of Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy Survey and double the number of such measurements in the literature. The Outer Arm has a pitch angle of 14.°9 ± 2.°7 and a Galactocentric distance of 14.1 ± 0.6 kpc toward the Galactic anticenter. The average motion of these sources toward the Galactic center is 10.7 ± 2.1 km s−1 and we see no sign of a significant fall in the rotation curve out to 15 kpc from the Galactic center. The three-dimensional locations of these star-forming regions are consistent with a Galactic warp of several hundred parsecs from the plane.


The energy management apparatus manages energy consumption of a machine having the consumer to consume the energy supplied by the supply unit and the supply unit for supplying the energy to substantially reduce the energy consumed by the consume part. Driving portion driving portion consumption by using the energy supplied by the supply part. Acquiring section acquires the property of being converted into an output energy output the input energy to be supplied to the consumption unit from the consumption unit as energy efficiency. Changing unit changes the operating condition consumption unit based on the acquired energy efficiency in order to improve an actual value of the energy efficiency.


In the CDM paradigm, the halo mass function is a sensitive probe of the cosmic structure. In observations, halo mass is typically estimated from its relation with other observables. The resulting halo mass function is subject to systematic bias, such as the Eddington bias, due to the scatter or uncertainty in the observable–mass relation. Exact correction for the bias is not easy, as predictions for the observables are typically model-dependent in simulations. In this paper, we point out an interesting feature in the halo mass function of the concordance ΛCDM model: the total halo mass within each evenly spaced logarithmic mass bin is approximately the same over a large mass range. We show that this property allows us to construct an almost bias-free halo mass function using only an observable (as a halo mass estimator) and stacked weak lensing measurements as long as the scatter between the true halo mass and the observable-inferred mass has a stable form in logarithmic units. The method is not sensitive to the form of the mass–observable relation. We test the idea using cosmological simulations, and show that the method performs very well for realistic observables.


Objective To assess the trends between income and cost, and to improve the effect of management. Methods To predict cost and income, data which come from certain months were employed to construct a Grey Modeling GM(1.1). Results The maximum variance was 1.41% and minium′s -0.14%. Conclusion The results suggested that GM (1.1) may provide an effective means of control for manager.


A dual photomultiplier system and a field probe have been used to study the optoelectrical phenomena in commercially pure SF6 and mixtures of SF6 with oxygen-free N2, under impulse voltages in a point-plane gap. The critical pressure has been estimated using an extrapolation technique, and the results have been compared with those of other recently published work. An attempt has been made to establish the different regimes of operation with regard to leader formation both prior to and after streamers cross the gap. This has been done with particular emphasis on the d/r ratio and the field variations with increment in voltage. The cloud model has been shown to be inoperative under impulse voltage conditions such as reported in this work. Comparisons have been made of the critical pressure determined under dc conditions with any available results obtained using impulse voltages. It has been shown that there is no simple relationship linking the radius of the anode to the critical pressure. An attempt is made to explain the large discrepancy between the calculated, and the experimentally determined values of Vi, the corona onset voltage for SF6.


A statistical modeling of fire spread is intended to enable to firelighters to make the best plan by expecting the fire spread and to effectively extinguish a fire in buildings. In this Fpaper, Anylogic simulation modeling of a statistical fire spread is introduced for fire accident correspondence in buildings. For the modeling, we apply statistical modeling methods, such as Bayesian network and decision tree, to predict the fire spread. In addition, several conditions, including the fire growth parameter, barrier failure probability, the fire ignition location and an exceptional condition such as backdraft, are apply to the modeling methods. The modeling result allows firefighters to realize where the fire is located and how the fire is growing. Especially if the modeling can be applied to easily viewable modeling software such as AnyLogic, the firefighters can recognize the fire spread and growth in a map quickly, exactly and economically. Thanks to the modeling, firefighters can extinguish the fire easier and mortality rate and property damages, as well as the flrefighting time, can be decreased.


The objective of this article is to debate the increasing positive synergism between the penta practice and the consciential epicentrism experiences. For this purpose, there are comparisons and argumentations under several convergent approaches aimed at establishing the positive effects of the synergism between penta and epicentrism when targeted at the achievement of intrusionfreeness. It has been hypothesized that such process will occur from the 24h-penta experience in the pre-intrusionfreeness phase. The methodology employed was the set of the author's personal experiences with the study of specific conscientiology literature.


The invention provides a modular device electrical switching CARRYING A SERIES SWITCHES ROTARY (12) extending axially side by side and each provided a rotor (28), the rotors (28) driven simultaneously in rotation, by a single supervisory body, TOWARDS OR OTHER OF THEIR POSITIONS OF CONTACTS IN WHICH, IN EACH SWITCH (12), a contact point WORN BY THE ROTOR (28) COOPERATE WITH ONE OR OTHER OF THE TWO PLOTS CONTACT (44A, 44B) CANNED, CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE WHEN THE ROTOR (28) moves between its two contact positions, the contact point (60) MOVES ACROSS an internal face (68) arcuate CYLINDER HOUSING (14) of the switch (12) and because the internal face (68) is provided ESTRIAS ORIENTATION substantially parallel to the axis (A1) of the rotor (28).


Abstract : Quantitative and qualitative guidance is provided in selecting noise abatement nozzle designs, applicable to high jet velocity engines and/or supersonic cruise vehicles, to meet specific requirements. The fundamentals of jet noise mechanisms are reviewed, and basic, quantitative, design guide tools are provided. Techniques are presented for estimating suppressor acoustics and aerodynamic performance, mechanical design impact on engine installation, and how various suppressor designs impact aircraft mission in the course of maintaining acceptable sideline and community noise levels. Aerodynamic and acoustic performance and installation penalties may be evaluated based on empirical correlations. Guidelines to minimize exhaust system size consistent with flow and supersonic-expansion requirements and to combine other functional operations with nozzle flow area and expansion control hardware are included. Two independent, acoustic-prediction methods were developed to perform complementary functions. An empirical model, supplemented by guidelines based on experience in designing multielement suppressors, is provided. The model covers a wide range of nozzle geometries and provides quantitative estimates of the acoustic characteristics of a given suppressor nozzle design. A complementary, theoretical, jet-noise-prediction method is more restricted in terms of nozzle geometries which can be properly modeled but provides more details of the aerodynamic flow field and the component acoustic mechanisms. (Author)


BACKGROUND
The study of the diaries of suicides presents an opportunity for greater insight into the psychodynamics of suicide than does the study of suicide notes.

AIMS
The present study analyzed the last year of the published diary of the Italian writer, Cesare Pavese (1908-1950), to identify changes in the content over the last year of his life.

METHODS
The last year of the published diary was analyzed using the Linguistic Word Count program.

RESULTS
The proportion of words related to positive emotions and optimism increased over the last year of Pavese's life, and the entries became less complex and more self-oriented.

CONCLUSIONS
The results confirm the changes in mood documented in diaries and letters from suicides in previous research, and extend the research to published diaries of famous individuals and in transition.


The sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of lucigenin in N,N-dimethylformamide was investigated. It is found that flavonoids can effectively inhibit this type of SCL and the inhibition of flavonoids parallel very well to their radical-scavenging capacity. These results provide useful data for establishing methods to assess the radical.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Although the incidence of proximal colon cancer is known to increase with age, the prognosis of proximal colon cancer remains unclear.

METHODOLOGY
One thousand two hundred and five patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed with regard to tumor location, age and Duke's stage.

RESULTS
When Duke's stage was compared with tumor location, an advanced Duke's stage was found more frequently in the proximal colon than in the distal colorectum (p<0.01). In Duke's A colorectal cancer, the incidence of tumors limited to within the submucosal layer decreased from 73.1% in patients under 65 years of age to 60.9% in patients over 65 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS
Since advanced stage cancer was more frequently found in the proximal colon than in the distal colorectum, careful examination for the early detection of proximal colon cancer, particularly in the elderly, is called for.


A Special Tribute by James A. Michener Foreword by Pat Williams Introduction 1. The Whiz Kids Win a Pennant 2. A Dismal Team History 3. The Carpenters Take Over 4. 1947: Jackie Robinson, Treading Water, and Building for the Future 5. Cy and Me 6. Phenoms, the Hat, and the Babe Ruth of Cuba 7. Professor Sawyer Assumes Control 8. Near Tragedy 9. The First Division 10. Spring Training 1950: The Whiz Kids Give Notice 11. A Tense Pennant Race 12. August: The Whiz Kids Take Command 13. September Adversity 14. The Final Weekend Epilogue: The World Series and Beyond Appendix A: What Happened to the Whiz Kids Appendix B: Box Score of Pennant-Winning Game, October 1, 1950 Appendix C: Individual Statistics for the 1950 Phillies Appendix D: The 1950 national League Race Month by Month Appendix E: Game-by-Game Summary of the 1950 Phillies' Season Afterword Select Bibliography Index


A self-consistent semianalytical model of magnetospheric convection including the effect of the latitude and local time variations of ionospheric conductivities is presented. The motions of the inner edge of the magnetospheric ring current, and the associated field-aligned currents, produced by the externally imposed dawn-to-dusk potential drop across the magnetospheric cavity are computed by using a linear approximation. The coupling between the different diurnal harmonics in the local time variations of fields and currents produced by the local time dependence of ionospheric conductivities is described by an appropriate matrix formalism. The calculations show that the enhancement of auroral conductivities by electron precipitation in the auroral zone significantly enhances both the typical duration and the absolute amplitude of the penetration of convection electric fields to midlatitudes. Furthermore, the local time variations of the convection electric field generated at midlatitudes by a sudden increase of the dawn-to-dusk potential drop are in good agreement, both at the initial time and after the steady state is reached, with the available statistical models of the disturbance midlatitude electric field. The amplitude of the steady state field seems sufficient to explain these observations, thus confirming that the concept of the shielding of midlatitudes from the convection electric fields is basically correct but was overestimated in earlier analytical calculations. The large subauroral electric fields observed by several satellites are also reproduced in the model either by a decrease of the subauroral conductivities below the midlatitude values or by the consideration of a very narrow latitudinal extent of the auroral zone. The overall consistency between the results of the model and the electric field observations thus supports the idea that a large class of phenomena related to magnetospheric convection in the dipole regions of the magnetosphere can be described in a reasonably realistic manner by a linear theory.


In this letter, we present new experimental results obtained for direct intensity modulation of widely tunable sampled-grating distributed Bragg-reflector (SGDBR) lasers. These results are of significance to SGDBR applications in wavelength-division-multiplexing systems. The devices described operate in the C-band (wavelength range 1525-1565 nm). A 6-GHz small-signal modulation bandwidth and >10-dB signal extinction ratio under large-signal operation were obtained. We have also recorded an undistorted eye pattern for a nonreturn-to-zero random signal 2/sup 31/-1 word length at 2.5-Gb/s bit rate during transmission over 75-km of standard single-mode fiber.


In the early days of ocean navigation the problem of finding longitude, apart from the crude methods of dead reckoning, commanded considerable attention until practical solutions were found at mid-eighteenth century. In the initial phase of Atlantic voyaging it was realized that variation changes with longitude. This led to the suggestion that the crucial problem of east-west navigation might be solved from variation observations. Under an Act of Parliament (12 Anne, cap.xv) of 1714, which provided for a handsome monetary prize for the 'discovery of the longitude', a committee known as the Board of Longitude was formed. The Board continued, until its dissolution in 1828, to examine proposals for improving navigation after the principal problem had been solved. The 1714 Act led to numerous proposals from cranks and crackpots as well as men of science, and many of these proposals concerned 'longitude by variation'. John Churchman, a land-surveyor and citizen of Philadelphia, communicated with the Board of Longitude on his scheme for finding longitude by variation for seventeen years from 1787 to 1804. During this time he persisted, with unshaken faith, that he had solved the problem. This paper deals with Churchman's proposals with special reference to his correspondence with the Board of Longitude.


OBJECTIVE: To report an elderly patient with oxybutynin-induced heatstroke and to remind clinicians of the possibility of drugs as an etiology of hyperthermia. CASE SUMMARY: An elderly man was admitted to the emergency department in a confused state. The day of admission was the hottest of the summer months in the San Francisco area. Because his rectal temperature was 40 °C and his skin was hot and dry, he was immediately packed in ice, given intravenous NaCl 0.9%, and a cooling fan was used to aid in external cooling. The patient was taking oxybutynin chloride, a drug with anticholinergic properties. The previous summer he had been admitted with a rectal temperature of 41.1 °C. No infectious etiology could be found. He was discharged in an improved state after a 48-hour observation period. The drug was discontinued. DISCUSSION: It is important to recognize heatstroke and institute prompt management because of the high mortality associated with this thermoregulatory disorder. Prompt treatment should consist of rapid cooling and vigorous cardiopulmonary support. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of drug-induced heatstroke should be investigated in all patients admitted during the summer months with unexplained hyperthermia, especially the elderly. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of heatstroke associated with the use of oxybutynin.


The severity of chilling injury in plants depends on temperature, length of exposure to low temperatures and the sensitivity of each species. Temperatures between 10 and 13°C can cause damage in tropical and subtropical species. The aim of the present study was to induce, describe and compare the differences of chilling injury and senescence symptoms in eleven Heliconia genotypes. Flowering stems of each species were submitted to two conditions: a) refrigerated treatment (RT) at 6.5°C and 81% relative humidity; b) control treatment (CT) with flowering stems kept at room temperature at 24.7°C and 66% relative humidity. Flowering stems kept at RT were evaluated daily and removed when the inflorescences presented the first chilling injury symptoms. After being removed from the low temperature, the stems were kept in water at room temperature to evaluate the evolution on the chilling injury symptoms. The number of days it took for chilling injury symptoms to appear on stems after the low temperature treatment were: two days for H. rostrate; five days for H. bihai 'Peachy pink', H. caribeae A— H. bihai 'Jaquini', H. stricta 'Iris red' and H. stricta 'Tagami'; six days for H. caribaea, H. foreroi, H. stricta 'Dwarf Jamaican', H. stricta 'Bucky' and H. wagneriana; seven days for H. orthotrica 'Candy cane'. Initially, chilling injury symptoms appeared on the bracts as darkened spots near to the junction with the rachis. These spots evolved to darker tones and then to necrotic spots. In the control stems, the initial senescence symptoms, in the majority of species, appeared as wilted areas at the bracts apex. The withering advanced towards the bract base. The evaluation of the chilling injury and senescence symptoms are different and allow to make the comparative description of both kinds of symptoms. Senescence symptoms of H. stricta cultivars are different from the senescence symptoms of other species.


Abstract : The primary objective of this study is to document relationships between two weapon system program outcomes, cost and schedule growth, and aspects of the political and economic climate during system development. The data sample selected for study was aerospace industry-related weapon system programs. The central methodology used in the analysis included: (1) The identification of factors reflecting the economic and political conditions expected to be associated with program outcomes. (2) The creation of measures of cost and schedule growth. (3) Statistical analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships between program outcomes and explanatory factors. The analysis was conducted to separately explain three program outcomes: development cost growth, development schedule growth, and total program cost growth. General conclusions from this study are that significant relationships to exist between cost and schedule growth and specific political and economic explanatory factors.


Exotic Phytophthora species represent a significant threat to native North American oaks. The diseases they cause may range from extremely virulent aggressive pathologies to secondary diseases in need of further weakening factors in order for plant mortality to occur. The severity of the disease may depend both on the pathogen and host species. Exotic Phytopthoras can further be divided in two groups; one of recently discovered introduction and one of species long known in the agricultural world, but only recently-discovered in wild environments in some North American regions. Population genetics information can be deployed to determine linkages between agriculture and wildlands, and at times surprising results about the role played by specific strains may be obtained, indicating that particular emphasis may be needed to prevent introductions of pathogen genotypes linked to some specific source.


The meaning of career success has been researched in diverse settings and time frames. Inquiries addressing gender find that women evaluate their success in distinct ways, which tend to be different from those used by males (Dyke & Murphy, 2006). Research also demonstrates that academic women struggle to perceive themselves successful using the standard social criteria (Hoskins, 2010, 2012), a struggle that is even harder in predominantly male areas, which have rites, symbols and rhythms not build by/for women. This situation may lead to an undervaluation of women's success in academia, related to the idea of partial success, in which objective success implies failures, drawbacks or negative consequences to other dimensions of women's lives. Bearing this in mind, my purpose is to better understand how academic women perceive their success in accounting academia in Brazil, a predominantly male area. In order to attain this goal, I examine trajectories of four female successful accounting professors in Brazil. I used a qualitative approach based on in depth interviews. My analysis allows to conclude that, to the same extent they are successful considering the so-called objective success criteria (Hoskins, 2010), by deeply examining barriers and boosters they faced during their journey, we realize the cost paid utter to a "long way to the top" but the compensations make possible "ridin' down the highway." More importantly, specific policies and actions would help to change the current situation by reducing costs or challenging traditional criteria used to evaluate success.


Although in many companies the design concept is very significant to developing a product, logical research of the method used to make the design concept is not progressing at all. Therefore, in the first half of this paper, we have proposed the portfolio analysis technique which makes a new design concept. In this method, a design concept is made by rearranging requirements for the design extracted from the results of the fact finding using Multiple variable analysis both with the referee and without the referee. In addition, the definition and the method of arrangement of the requirements for a design researched by our previous paper were used. The method of adapting the proposed technique was considered in this case study of digital audio players. In the case study, we presumed the design concept of two companies and tried to assume the design concept of the next product model of one company by analyzing the designs over the past two years of two higher ranking companies. In the latter half, through the same case study, we have proposed a method to make a styling concept that is a subordinate concept of the design concept made by the proposed portfolio analysis. The styling concept is made from user's cognitive evaluation structure about products using Rough set theory.


The most powerful sources among the blazar family are MeV blazars. Often detected at z > 2, they usually display high X- and γ-ray luminosities, larger-than-average jet powers, and black hole masses ≳109 M☉. In the present work, we perform a multiwavelength study of three high-redshift blazars: 3FGL J0325.5+2223 (z = 2.06), 3FGL J0449.0+1121 (z = 2.15), and 3FGL J0453.2−2808 (z = 2.56), analyzing quasi-simultaneous data from GROND, Swift-UVOT and XRT, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), and Fermi-LAT. Our main focus is on the hard X-ray band recently unveiled by NuSTAR (3–79 keV) where these objects show a hard spectrum that enables us to constrain the inverse Compton (IC) peak and the jet power. We found that all three targets resemble the most powerful blazars, with the synchrotron peak located in the submillimeter range and the IC peak in the MeV range, and therefore belong to the MeV blazar class. Using a simple one-zone leptonic emission model to reproduce the spectral energy distributions, we conclude that a simple combination of synchrotron and accretion disk emission reproduces the infrared–optical spectra, while the X-ray to γ-ray part is well reproduced by the IC scattering of low-energy photons supplied by the broad-line region. The black hole masses for each of the three sources are calculated to be ≳4 × 108 M☉. The three studied sources have jet power at the level of, or beyond, the accretion luminosity.


We report an experimental and simulation study of binary mixtures of o- and m-nitrotoluene with decane and hexadecane. Mixtures of o-nitrotoluene with alkanes form a classical critical mixtures, but m-nitrotoluene / n - alkane mixtures show an apparent critical point, which lies in a metastable, experimentally inaccessible state, below the melting point, affecting physical and chemical properties of this systems in the stable liquid phase. The presence of the apparent critical point in this mixture has been experimentally observed by Nonlinear Dielectric Effect (NDE) measurements as an anomalous increase in the NDE values typical of critical concentrations. The phase diagram of this mixture shows evidence that the system freezes in the homogenous phase and its melting point is higher than its critical temperature [1-3]. For such a system, we performed Monte Carlo simulations aimed at analysing the kind of phase transitions observed, and the conditions of their occurrence in a nonpolar/dipolar mixture. We perform studies for classical critical systems of o-nitrotoluene with decane and hexadecane The enthalpy, configurational energy and radial distribution function have been estimated by the MC simulation method in the NPT system. Immiscibility conditions according to Schoen and Hoheisel [4] approach are also discussed.


Abstract: This article focuses on teacher training based on the edu(vo)captive methodology based on learning experiences from the Institutional Program for Teaching Initiation Scholarships (PIBID) Visual Arts - UFSM, at Augusto Ruschi School, Santa Maria's city, RS. Instead, the insertion of students in the school, projects were developed that aimed, through the teaching of visual arts, to debate around ethnic-racial discusses with a class of senior education during the second semester of 2019. From the articulation between training Initial and continuous, students and teachers became involved with the artistic experience where artistic objects produced by black artists, as well as their narratives, constituted triggers of learning. As a theoretical-methodological basis, Fernando Hernandez (1998, 2007, 2013) was used the educational perspective of visual culture and work projects. The Edu(vo)captive power of images, from Lutiere Dalla Valle (2017, 2018, 2019) to analyze the visual and literary reports produced by students about the production of meaning.
Keywords: Teacher. PIBID. Afro-Brazilian Culture. Experience. Education.


This paper discusses awareness of institutional repositories and open access publishing among faculty members in Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India. The authors distributed 200 questionnaires among the faculty mem bers in Annamalai University. Out of 200 questionnaires, 160 responses (80.00%) were received from faculty members. The respondents mentioned the motivating factors while using an institutional repository and indicat ed the benefits, constraints and strategies to develop open access in publications. It is evident from the table that more than 95% among the average of the faculty members confirm the benefits of open access in publications. 150 (93.75%) of faculty members have awareness, 6 (3.75%) have no idea and 4 (2.50%) state no opinion about awareness of institutional repository and open access publishing.


To transform from a large agricultural country to a strong agricultural country, China must take the road of modernized, automated, and information-based agriculture. With the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, flexibility, stability, and reliability, electrified production is the material and technical basis for agricultural mechanization, automation, industrialization, and management modernization. Big data mining and OLAP tool analysis algorithm has powerful data processing ability and occupies a very important part in various fields. This article analyzes the current situation of agricultural electrification development, electrification development dynamics, and electrification application scope based on big data mining and OLAP tool analysis algorithm, and finally comes up with several suggestions for agricultural electrification development.


We propose a deterministic fault-tolerant and deadlock-free routing protocol in 2D meshes based on Wu's fault-tolerant odd-even turn model (2000) and Wang's rectilinear-monotone polygonal fault block model. The fault-tolerant odd-even turn protocol, also called extended X-Y routing, was originally proposed to achieve fault-tolerant and deadlock-free routing among traditional, rectangular fault blocks. It does not use any virtual channels. The number of faults to be tolerated is unbounded as long as nodes outside fault blocks are connected in the mesh network. The recently proposed rectilinear-monotone polygonal fault blocks (also called minimal-connected-components or MCCs) are of the polygonal shapes, and is a refinement of rectangular fault blocks. The formation of MCCs depends on the relative locations of source and destination, and they include much fewer healthy nodes in resultant fault blocks. In this paper, we show that with a simple modification, the extended X-Y routing can also be applied to 2D meshes using extended MCCs.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution of the concept of entropy from engineering to knowledge management, going through information theory, linguistic entropy, and economic entropy. The concept of entropy was introduced by Rudolf Clausius in thermodynamics in 1865 as a measure of heat transfer between two solid bodies which have different temperatures. As a natural phenomenon, heat flows from the body with a higher temperature toward the body with a lower temperature. However, Rudolf Clausius defined only the change in entropy of the system and not its absolute entropy. Ludwig Boltzmann defined later the absolute entropy by studying the gas molecules behavior in a thermal field. The computational formula defined by Boltzmann relates the microstates of a thermal system with its macrostates. The more uniform the probability distribution of the microstates is the higher the entropy is. The second law of thermodynamics says that in open systems, when there is no intervention from outside, the entropy of the system increases continuously. The concept of entropy proved to be very powerful, fact for which many researchers tried to extend its semantic area and the application domain. In 1948, Claude E. Shannon introduced the concept of information entropy, having the same computational formula as that defined by Boltzmann, but with a different interpretation. This concept solved many engineering communications problems and is used extensively in information theory. Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen used the concept of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics in economics and business. Today, many researchers in economics use the concept of entropy for analyzing different phenomena. The present paper explores the possibility of using the concept of knowledge entropy in knowledge management.


Lattice collapse and associated mechanical fracture frequently occur in Li-intercalated metal oxide cathodes at the deep charge upon Li-ion removal, governed by chemical compositions and the resulting electron density of...


Preface and Acknowledgments One. The Meaning of Stones Two. Reading the Landscape: Images of Palestine in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Three. The Literature of Struggle and Loss, 1920-1960 Four. Landscapes of Exile Five. Landscapes of Home Six. Encountering Israel Notes Bibliography Index


For wild actions of a cyclic group G on a local ring R, with R G noetherian, it is shown that depth R depth RG can be arbitrarily large, even if R is regular and contains Z.


The bureaucratized educational system has made the school an organization without vitality, an organization that can't stimulate individuals' initiative and creativity. The crisis of modern school system lies in the decline of the institutional social capital. Therefore, today's reform should make the school a self-organizing system in which the institutional social capital, namely, the informal institution "revives" or "regenerates". In other words, we should bring customs, norms, rituals, school culture, school climate and hidden curriculum into full play, for they are greater potential sanctions and can save more transaction cost and thus are more favorable to school development. However, a good institution should be an organic unity of formal institution and informal institution.


In SnTe-based solid solutions of the Sn-Sb-Te system the microhardness, Hall carrier concentration, and thermoelectric coefficient have found to be nonmonotonic functions of the Te content along with Sb isoconcentration curves. The results obtained have been interpreted on the basis of concepts pertaining to the chemical interaction in the solid solution with the formation of Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ molecular complexes.


Summary The chemical markers such as phenolic compounds, have been extensively used in botanical chemosystematic studies; these last mainly concerned the high taxonomic levels: order, family, genus. In consequence of new more sensitive and automatic analytical procedures, it is possible to approach the metabolic (phenolic) profile of individual genotypes: so the Micromolecular Biology is born, concerned with the organisation and functioning of plant populations. Three examples will give support to this proposal: Dactylis glomerata, Rosa x hybrida, Lotus corniculatus.


The authors adopted the modified Burgers model as the constitute model of asphalt mixtures to analyze load magnitude,loading methods and the material of surface having the influence on the vertical displacement of road surface,horizontal stress of subbase bottom,shear stress within the surface and the vertical stress at the wheel track in road surface,with the finite element software.The results showed that the main factor of affecting the stress and deformation field of asphalt pavement is load;The effect of tire pressure 1.0Mpa has increased by 40%comparing to the effect of tire pressure 0.7Mpa;As the load increases,the effect will continue to increase;The main load bearing part of Asphalt concrete pavement is the structure under the base course;the influence of the type of pavement materials and mechanical parameters on the mechanical response of asphalt concrete is relatively smaller;The research can provide theoretical guidance for optimization design and mechanical analysis of asphalt pavement.


On 8th January 1962, while on a regular research cruise of R. V. VARUNA, one specimen of a yellowfin tuna Neothunnus macropterus was caught on the trolling Une from a medium-sized shoal sighted outside the continental shelf oflF Quilon. The specimen was a male measuring 68, cm. in total length. On examination of the stomach it was found to be gorged with small-sized shrimp along with a few other items such as 1 small Caranx sp., 6 squids and 3 semi-digested unidentifiable


The utility model discloses a reciprocating saw with a lockable support comprising a cover, a support arranged at the end of the cover adjacent to the saw. The support comprises a support board at least part of which can be arranged in the cover and which can move relatively to the cover, a bottom board connected to the shaft of the support, wherein, a series of positioning holes are arranged on the support board. The reciprocating saw also comprises a locking element which can move along the first direction in the cover and at least part of which matches with any positioning hole, an adjusting element which can move to the first position and the second position along a direction vertical to the first direction; the locking element is arranged between the adjusting pin and the support board. When the adjust element is arranged at the first position, the locking element is separated from the positioning element on the support; when the adjusting element is arranged at the second position, at least part of the locking element is inserted into one of the positioning elements on the support. With such a structure, the support can be conveniently and stably locked to realize an accurate sawing.


This paper is the result of the research conducted on more than 200 archaeological artefacts from the Museum of Burriana as a result of 6 years of scientific collaboration between the Museum and the Instituto Universitario para la Restauracion del Patrimonio of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Digital X-rays Technology has been used on these artefacts. This technique has allowed achieving valuable information in different aspects of the artefacts: from its content (in the case of well-preserved specimens) to technical manufacturing, or analysis of evidence of previous restoration interventions. The application of Digital X-ray Technology has shown a number of important benefits; not only at the economic level and data manipulation, but also allowing as data collectors that can be further processed and thereby obtain outcome. These results can be used into different 2D or 3D formats.


The quality of education offered by medical schools has been challenged from different directions. Medical educators have given a great deal of thought to the various ways of assuring that graduates meet the expectations of society and fulfill their duties competently. National and international organizations have proposed standards for framing programs as early as the 1930s. Eventually "Global standards for basic medical education" were adopted in 2003 by the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME). These standards have been adopted by WHO and national bodies for use as a means for evaluation. In the Sudan, Ministry of Higher Education, National Council for Higher Education (MHE) has directed that such standards be adopted to evaluate institutions of higher learning in all disciplines. The National Commission for Evaluation and Accreditation was set up in the MHE. The Sudan Medical Council set up the Accreditation Committee in 2005. Since then steps have been taken to start the process to evaluate and accredit medical schools in the Sudan.


Culture became a part of life, and a cosmopolitan has diverse activities for enjoyment of culture. Especially, performance became one of the most important cultural activities in fun regardless of age or sex, being understood as a part of easy cultural activities. Such standpoint is universally applicable. But, some people from specific country show the low interest about local performance. Because demands to watch the show from abroad are low and according to this, the agency has a great damage. Therefore, the domestic tourist industry can be affected by above. From this point of view, the study which was focused on advertisement, oral tradition, expense, accessibility, genre and national image has been progressed in a very slow way. Looking at the following results, it can be found that the expense and accessibility are not the main factors which influence on view or selection of the performance.


This article is aimed at examining whether introducing the forced distribution rating system (FDRS) in tax authority may improve performance and at exploring alternative explanations for the results utilizing the perspectives of signaling theory. Using Indonesian tax authority as case study and employing the interrupted time-series analysis on tax collection data, it is found that the adoption of FDRS may have worsened the already declining trend in collection. One of the possible explanations for this deterioration is that the introduction of FDRS, combined with the existing system of collection targets, may incentivize tax officials to demonstrate aggressive behaviors toward taxpayers as signals of performance with the desired outcome of being categorized as top performers under the FDRS. These behaviors may erode taxpayers' trust in tax authority, diminish voluntary compliance, and encourage migration into the underground economy; thence spurring a vicious cycle: as the tax base is shrinking because taxpayers are going underground, tax revenue will decline thus prompting tax officers to signal their performance by behaving more aggressively toward taxpayers, hence encouraging more taxpayers to escape to the underground economy. It is important for tax authorities to implement performance evaluation systems which are conducive toward creating and maintaining trustworthy relationships between taxpayers and tax officers.


Based on the shaking table test on a 12 story R.C frame model with scale of 1/10,which is done in Tongji University national key lab,the seismic performance and damage characteristic of R.C frame are studied.Furthermore,seismic performance of R.C frame is evaluated based on the performance-based seismic design theory.So the study will be of great importance in theory and of practical values.


In most real-world settings, due to limited time or other resources, an agent cannot perform all potentially useful deliberation and information gathering actions. This leads to the metareasoning problem of selecting such actions. Decision-theoretic methods for metareasoning have been studied in AI, but there are few theoretical results on the complexity of metareasoning. We derive hardness results for three settings which most real metareasoning systems would have to encompass as special cases. In the first, the agent has to decide how to allocate its deliberation time across anytime algorithms running on different problem instances. We show this to be ATP-complete. In the second, the agent has to (dynamically) allocate its deliberation or information gathering resources across multiple actions that it has to choose among. We show this to be AfP-hard even when evaluating each individual action is extremely simple. In the third, the agent has to (dynamically) choose a limited number of deliberation or information gathering actions to disambiguate the state of the world. We show that this is AfP-hard under a natural restriction, and PSP ACE hard in general.


Self-trapped antiferromagnetic polaron at T =0 K is studied for the localized moments of the classical spin limit. Nonlinear effect, which is most important for the magnetic polaron, is taken into account completely. It is found that when the band width is larger than the s – f exchange energy, the direction of the electron spin is nearly constant and then, for the exchange energy between the localized spins smaller than a critical value, a large magnetic polaron can exist in which the localized spin within the polaron is nearly completely saturated. When the former becomes smaller than the latter, however, the electron spin follows after the localized spins and then the magnetic polaron becomes unstable for the limit of the narrow band, contrary to the case of the usual lattice phonon polaron. The situation is, however, sensitive to the type of the magnetic ordering and the transfer matrix.


In this work, a novel approach to scientific visualization and steerable texture synthesis is presented. Vector field visualization and synthesis techniques for controlled, field-driven texture generation are proposed, discussed, and extended to allow more control and degrees of freedom in the image creation. Concepts from perception and cognition, as well as statistical theory for standard texture synthesis, were investigated and used to motivate and improve the proposed techniques. The approach results to be general, flexible, and open to further extensions and integrations. Vector fields can be visualized in a straightforward manner by setting the color of output pixels on the base of computed similarity functions. The proposed method is texture-based and it locally adapts and transforms a chosen basic pattern of an anisotropic texture to represent the features and the variation of the field. In general, it allows any procedural or manual way to define a mapping from vector space to example image space, offering arbitrary degrees of freedom in representing the appearance of the resulting field. The approach to visualization of vectorial data sets can be interpreted as an hybrid algorithm, which combines features of direct intuitive visualization, such as simplicity, intuitivity, generality, together with features from dense visualization techniques, such as powerful information encoding, locality of calculation, accuracy. The variety of tasks and the different level of expertise and experience of users motivate and strongly require such versatility. The steerable generation of non-homogeneous textures offers several degrees of freedom in the synthesis process, allowing a variety of effects for appealing output images. Textural elements used as primitive provide for this task a numerous set of visual dimensions for arbitrary variation. In general, the proposed techniques bring together concepts from human vision and perception, statistics and texture synthesis, and visualization, in an interesting interdisciplinary research that promises encouraging results for several fields of applications.


In the traditional teaching for color theory, each pure color (primary or secondary) is assumed to be similar.Therefore the current practical training system like split complementary colors, triadic colors or tetradic colors are usingthis assumption.Each pure color can be placed into practical field just like any other pure color based on this guideline. However, in practical situation, different pure colors occupy different size of practical color space as illustrated by Munsell's color tree. Munsell color tree is a practical color system that represents the actual application range of color tone and hue. Munsell color system has not been comprehensively introduced to the educational training of colors. Its strength has not been maximized especially in the teaching of practical color theory. This research paper uses Munsell color theory as the backbone to develop a more robust training of practical color theory to fulfill the needs of current visual art education. Munsell color system introduces transition tertiary colors directly with a practical objective in mind. Therefore it serves as a good system to allow beginners or painting artists to plan their color rhythm logically without too much effort wasted on trial and error processes.


This paper presents a novel technique for calculating the sensitivities of the mutual coupling between two patches with respect to the separation distance between them. These sensitivities are calculated analytically with only one matrix fill. If the conventional finite-difference approximation is used instead, two matrix fills would be necessary to evaluate the same sensitivities. Unlike the finite-difference approximation, whose accuracy is strongly dependent of the value of perturbation, the proposed approach always leads to very accurate and unique results, which are independent on any selection parameters. The proposed approach is applied to evaluate the sensitivities of mutual coupling between two patch antennas. Our results are in very good agreement with those obtained using finite-difference approximation.


1. Science and Creativity 2. Teaching Creatively and for Creativity 3. Teaching Science Creatively in the Early Years 4. Being Creative with the Curriculum 5. Creative Exploration - Ian Milne and Teresa Cremin 6. Working Scientifically Together 7. Developing Scientific Understanding Creatively through Drama 8. Using Language Creatively in Science 9. Using New Technologies Creatively in Science 10. Using the Outdoors Creatively in Science 11. The Wider Role of the Creative Primary Science Teacher


The potential energy curves of the two lowest 2Σ+ (X,B) and the two lowest 2Π (A,C) electronic states of the AlF+ and AlCl+ molecular ions have been calculated using highly correlated multireference configuration interaction (MR‐CI) wave functions. It is found that both 2Σ+ states and the C 2Πr state are bound, whereas the A 2Πi state is repulsive. Electronic transition moment functions for all six pairs of states of both ions have also been calculated and used for evaluation of the radiative transition probabilities between bound vibrational states. The calculated charge distributions show that the X and C states are dominated by Coulombic attraction between a doubly charged positive aluminum and the singly charged negative halogen ion. The results provide a new assignment of the photoelectron spectra of the neutral AlF. They are also in good agreement with the recently observed optical B–X emission spectra of both molecular ions and C–X bands of AlCl+. The absence of C–X emission of AlF+ is most likely ...


"The world of the Babylonians, Egyptians and Hebrews was an oyster, with water underneath and more water overhead, supported by a solid firmament. It was of moderate dimensions, and as safely closed in on all sides as a cot in the nursery or as a babe in the womb. The Babylonian's oyster was round, the earth was a hollow mountain, placed in its centre, floating on the waters of the deep; above it was a solid dome, covered by the upper waters. The upper waters seeped through the dome as rain, the lower waters rose as fountains and springs. Sun, moon and stars progressed in a slow dance across the dome, entering the scene through


postive transformation of the fisheries sector in Uganda has of recent been scatted by failure to mountain fish quality and safety,akey prerequiste for retaining and gaining fish markets.
The social cultural study established the extent to which social cutural practices had affected the levels and the use of sanitation facilities,fish handling facilities and artisanal fish processing techniques and the factors that influenced these practices in the fishing communities of lake victoria.
This information is of significance for the purpose of advocacy and mobilization of fishers in order to improve sanitation, fish handling and artisanal fishing processing situation in the fishing communities.


This paper concentrates on geographical contribution to public trans - port planning in Poland with a special regard to transport services of general in- terest. The authors draw on the newly enacted Polish legislative acts concerning


This paper presents a control systems methodology, based on the state space method (SSM), to derive rational transfer function models from time-domain simulated data. Unlike existing methods such as Prony's and pencil of functions, which discard a significant part of the early-time transient response due to instability in model extrapolation, the proposed SSM produces causal, stable, low-order parametric representations for the entire signal using a sequence that includes early-time transients. SSM is applied to model time-domain signatures of highly resonant circuits, such as notch filters and dielectric resonators, and it is shown that excellent model corroboration can be achieved using modest resources.


An 18-year-old woman who was severely intellectually delayed and physically handicapped was taught a direct select color encoding strategy as a potential means of increasing the available vocabulary on her communication board. Teaching procedures involved the establishment of a "chained matching-to-sample" procedure. This procedure eventually resulted in the learner selecting a color, followed by the selection of an explicit symbol that corresponded to an object sample. The encoding was maintained and generalized to untrained exemplars. Implications for augmentative and alternative communication intervention are discussed.


The attack on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon were abhorrent but the response may exacerbate terrorism rather than eliminate it. The lessons of history suggest that using military force against terrorists creates as many terrorists as it destroys, and that intervening in civil wars can result in foreign forces turning into the enemies of those they have come to save. Declaring a war to eliminate terrorism is self-defeating because complete elimination is unattainable and the use of massive military force might make it difficult even to reduce or contain it.


We study Lie brackets and Jordan products derived from associative operations ○, • satisfying the interchange identity (w•x) ○ (y•z) ≡ (w ○ y)•(x ○ z). We use computational linear algebra, based on the representation theory of the symmetric group, to determine all polynomial identities of degree ≤7 relating (i) the two Lie brackets, (ii) one Lie bracket and one Jordan product, and (iii) the two Jordan products. For the Lie–Lie case, there are two new identities in degree 6 and another two in degree 7. For the Lie–Jordan case, there are no new identities in degree ≤6 and a complex set of new identities in degree 7. For the Jordan–Jordan case, there is one new identity in degree 4, two in degree 5, and complex sets of new identities in degrees 6 and 7.


Interaction of Ru5C(CO)15 with C60 in refluxing chlorobenzene followed by PPh3 or dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) forms Ru5C(CO)11(PPh3)(μ3-η2,η2,η2-C60) (1) or Ru5C(CO)10(μ-η1,η1-dppe)(μ3-η2,η2,η2-C60) (2), isolated in 19% and 14% yields, respectively, after chromatography. An analogous reaction of Ru5C(CO)15 with C60 followed by dppf (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) initially forms both Ru5C(CO)11(η1-dppf)(μ3-η2,η2,η2-C60) (3) and Ru5C(CO)10(μ-η1,η1-dppf)(μ3-η2,η2,η2-C60) (4), but further thermolysis of 3 in refluxing chlorobenzene converts it to 4. Direct interaction of Ru5C(CO)14(PPh3) (5), Ru5C(CO)13(dppe) (6), and Ru5C(CO)13(dppf) (7) with C60 in refluxing chlorobenzene also provides 1, 2, and 4 in isolated yields of 21%, 27%, and 20%, respectively. Interaction of PtRu5C(CO)16 or PtRu5C(CO)14(COD) with C60 followed by dppe in refluxing chlorobenzene forms PtRu5C(CO)11(η2-dppe)(μ3-η2,η2,η2-C60) (8) (7% and 23% yields, respectively). Substitution of the COD ligand in PtRu5C(CO)14(COD) by...


Printing is a business in which the implementation process begins with raw materials in the production and ending with the finished product. At companies that produce according to orders, the ability to determine prices according to cost and profit levels who want to obtain badly needed. Scientific writing is done to calculate the cost of your order and to find out what price is charged on products purchased on the companys Graphic Setting variable costing method. The results of this analysis indicate order cost and sale price charged by using the variable costing method is lower than the order cost is determined by printing Graphic settings. This is because the production cost of different loading and separation of variables with BOP BOP equipment.


In an empirical investigation affirms of all sizes within the manufacturing, service, and retail industries, the applications of information technology (IT) with respect to key external and internal strategic areas were examined. It was found that the effectiveness of IT in accom plishing strategic objectives varied among manufacturing, retail, small and medium-size com panies, but not between service-oriented and large companies. Furthermore, the level of suc cess in using IT applications, measured in terms of whether it has achieved organizational objectives, was not significantly different among industry sectors nor among organizations of different sizes. INTRODUCTION The role of IT within the business community has changed from being merely a supporting tool in the back office to a weapon that can affect an organization's competitive position (Bakos & Treacy, 1986; Cash & Konsynski, 1985; Ives & Learmonth, 1984; Johnston & Carrico, 1988; McFarlan, 1984; Notowidigdo, 1984; Parsons, 1983; Porter & Millar, 1985; Pybum, 1983). This change in the role of IT requires that executives understand the uses of IT in achieving the strategic goals of the firm. Executives must be able to assess where IT fits into their organization. In some cases IT may play a supporting role and can add only modestly to the value of a firm's products, while in other settings it is at the core of an organization's competitive survival (McFarlan, 1984). Understanding where an organization fits on this spectrum can help executives determine both the proper level of investment and the proper management structure for IT. Most studies in the area of IT have used anecdotal case evidence to illustrate the strategic accomplishments of IT. In addition, such studies have tended to focus on large firms. Examples of these include American Hospital Supply (Barrett, 1986; Gibson & Jackson, 1987; Ward et al., 1990), Canon (Porter & Millar, 1985), Merrill Lynch (Benjamin, et al., 1984), and Wal-Mart (Barmash, 1984). Unfortunately, the sad truth is that there are few, if any, empirical studies which have comprehensively examined the effectiveness of utilizing IT in different strategic ar eas. Wyman, in a 1985 article, coined the words "Technological myopia" to describe a condition of affliction found in organizations. Technological myopia happens when a company fails to comprehend the extent of technological progress thus failing to utilize technology's full power through lack of adoption or inappropriate use of developments. Therefore, a primary objective


In order to acquire the load history of solid rocket engine during its storage process,a subscale engine with embedded transducer was designed and manufactured.The displacement in the bore of the charge was measured in the simulated environment during storage period;the theoretical simulation was conducted with three dimensional thermal viscoelastic finite element theory.The theoretical simulation with maximum error of 3.63% is in great accord with the experimental results.The method can be applied to the load measurement of solid rocket engine during storage.


Rainfall is an important meteorological parameter that has the greatest impact on human activities, and it is increasingly used in diverse contexts. This study looks into the capabilities of cloud computing and machine learning approaches for mapping rainfall across the entire region and estimating missing rainfall data in areas where meteorological stations are not available in Assam. Remote sensing spectral indices, which rely on the reflectance of soil, vegetation, water, terrain characteristics, etc. enable us to assess the state of ecosystems. These natural elements respond to the qualities of the environment in which they belong hence their relationship with the meteorological parameter is explored in this study. The support vector regression was used to predict the missing rainfall data with independent variables generated in Google Earth Engine.


We explain how and why people become motivated to participate in institutional processes. Responding to recent efforts to address the micro and meso in institutional analysis, we introduce two inte...


Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of smear layer removal from the root canals using EDTA, passive ultrasonic irrigation , diode laser during endodontic therapy. Materials and method: 30 extracted human mandibular first premolar teeth were selected. Access cavity preparation was done. Working length was determined Instrumentation was initiated with ISO hand 15 k file upto 20 k by rotary upto 2ml NaOcl was used as an irrigant after every instrumentation by a rinse with 3ml of Samples were divided into three groups I-EDTA+PUI, group II- EDTA+DIODE LASER, group III- EDTA+DIODE LASER+ PUI). Samples were divided longitudinally. Scanning electron microscope examination of canals was done for at Result: Combination of diode laser and ultrasonics with EDTA had the least smear layer scores. Conclusion: The combination of diode laser and passive ultrasonic irrigation showed the best result in removal of smear layer.


Many local authorities in the UK are now using information technology (IT) as an efficient, cost-effective way of managing traffic. However, they sometimes overlook the need to look at both the IT system and its contract before making a choice. Problems may occur with systems some time after their installation, and at that time there may be no legal redress against a supplier under the contract. Contracts for supplying electronic or computing products are mainly divided into those for supplying hardware and software. Many access, control, and security systems have both hardware and software packages, which may provide for further development and enhancement. There may also be contracts for product support and maintenance. For bespoke systems especially, a buyer should carefully consider asking a lawyer to review any contractual documentation. Where a specific contract is provided for supplying a system, the following main factors should be considered: (1) warranties; (2) the Year 2000 problem; (3) limitation and exclusion of liability; (4) who owns what intellectual property; (5) maintenance and support; and (6) acceptance and payment. Several other contractual issues may need to be considered when deciding whether to be a computerised traffic management system.


Edited highlights of a wide-ranging interview with Professor Jane den Hollander of Deakin University, who at the time of the interview, was the newest Vice-Chancellor in Australia. Professor den Hollander, whose own university experiences parallel those of many of the students currently being targeted by the widening participation agenda, discusses the challenges of implementing an optimal first year experience within both the context of that agenda and the constraints of an ever-reducing resource base.


,SUMMARY Relative abundance indices by age of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught by the Atlantic Spanish traps in the area close to the Strait of Gibraltar during the month of May were estimated for the period 1984-2009. Standardized CPUEs were estimated through a General Linear Modeling (GLM) approach under a negative binomial error distribution assumption. The traps standardized CPUE by age show an increasing trend in the five recent years, especially for ages 8 to 10+. There is also a close fit between those last older ages of the standardized series by age with the age aggregated standardized series. Both series reveal a year effect. RESUME


Due to the variation of the tasks attributes, the behavior of soft real-time systems, such as multimedia application, is becoming increasingly unpredictable. Under this circumstance, the scheduling algorithms, which depend on the tasks static attributes, cant give a usable and efficient resource allocation to those soft real-time systems. This paper presents an elastic scheduling algorithm for flexible workload. Based on sampling the total number and lost number of the task instances, this algorithm adjusts the number of task instances executing in the next sampling period to guarantee the tasks basic QoS (quality of service) and to improve the system resource utilization and concurrency in the next sampling period. This paper analyzes the model and evaluates its performance. Simulation results show that, besides improving resource utilization, this algorithm has good stability and convergence.


Erythrocyte colony stimulating factors (erythropoietins) are natural proteins, mainly produced by kidneys. They take part in the regulation of red blood cells production. There are many causes for the development of anemia in cancer patients; the most frequent is anemia of chronic disease, which is normocytic and normochromic and results from a poor response to erythropoietins and invalid hemoglobin iron uptake. According to some studies, anemia correction increases quality of life (QOL) and decreases tumor hypoxia, thereby leading to a more efficient systemic and irradiation therapy. After the initial enthusiasm on synthetic erythropoietins (EPA), which showed to be effective in improving QOL in anemic cancer patients, some big trials published in the last years showed more side effects, especially thrombembolic complications and a trend towards a worse survival in patients on EPA. This led to strongly curtailed recommendations for their use. Today the use of EPA for anemia correction is recommended only for cancer patients on specific cancer treatment without curative intent. The drug is initiated only with symptomatic anemia, with careful titration of dose to a target Hb of 120 g/L, EPA should not be used with higher Hb values. A thoughtful consideration should be given to the use of EPA in the patients with a risk of thrombembolic events. We still do not know if slightly worse survivals are the consequence of tumor cell growth stimulation or of more side effects, especially thrombembolic complications with EPA usage. The final answer and also data on the optimal use of EPA in cancer patients will be provided, hopefully, by the results of ongoing prospective clinical trials.


Red Araca's ( Psidium cattleianum ) micropropagation processes have shown enormous potential both in terms of research and as a sustainable native resource to be used in the areas of food production, ecology, and pharmacology. Currently, however, despite that potential, research efforts involving this myrtaceae, native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, have been scarce. With that in mind, this study set out to establish micropropagation techniques that would allow the development of a feasible protocol to be used with Red Araca, achieving its mircropropagation from in vitro germinated seeds. Different types of explants were tested for in vitro establishment. For the multiplication of nodal segments, different concentrations of BAP and IAA combinations were tested in an MS medium. Using the same medium, different concentrations of ampicillin were applied in order to determine its influence on the decontamination of the apical segments. The BAP and IAA combinations were also used to test their effects on the in vitro explants' development and rooting. During pre-acclimatization, survival of in vitro rooted plants was tested in a nebulizer chamber, using a commercial substrate and that same substrate mixed with washed sand (1:1). In essence, it was indeed possible to develop a complete protocol for the micropropagation of the Red Araca from seedlings obtained by in vitro germination. The in vitro introduction of the Red Araca was rather efficient, independently of the type of explants used. As the BAP and IAA concentrations increased, so did the in vitro seedlings' development (7 leaves explant -1 ) and rooting (67%). Additionally, the in vitro rooted plants exhibited a high rate of survival (80%) in the pre-acclimatization phase, independently of the substrate used.


Regulatory policy is a technical tool that governments can use to apply regulatory controls to achieve the objectives that have been set for their management. In the country, strong changes were made to the regulatory policies since 2008 when the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador was updated, and as a result of this modification, higher education has had a strong impact in recent years. To analyze the effects of regulatory policy in higher education, statistical data, comments of experts regarding the main changes and figures published by the National Secretary of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT), as of the year were reviewed. 2006 to the present. The modifications to the regulatory policy have impacted on the generation of entities of control and supervision, university evaluation, closure of entities that did not comply with the basic quality, entrance examination for universities, among others, whose main objective was to comply with two  guidelines clearly stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic, such as ensuring the quality of higher education institutions, and ensuring that there is free offer.The figures analyzed allowed to verify a notable improvement in terms of public investment for higher education, annual items assigned to scholarships, participation of universities and students in research, among others.


Biomass production from high oil content microalgae is considered as a source for biofuel production. High oil content microalgae can be produced in open ponds or closed photobioreactors (PBR). In order to grow high oil content microalgae efficiently, parameters such as illumination for photosynthesis, medium pH, CO2 consumption, and medium nutrient content must be monitored and controlled precisely. The control of illumination is the most critical parameter because illumination is the most expensive parameter of algae production in a closed PBR operating 24 hrs a day. In this research, all parameters except illumination source and intensity were kept the same for the growth of Chlorella kessleri (UTEX 398) microalgae. In the experiments red LED, blue LED and fluorescent lights were used separately as the illumination sources. The results, after a period of seven days of growth, showed the effect of the three illumination sources relative to cell count, cell weight, and cell size. The data collected was used to determine which light source and intensity was the most energy efficient for algae production. The results showed that red LED light was more efficient in the most cells at the highest weight while blue LED light was more efficient in producing larger cell sizes than the other light sources.


English communication barriers are a circumstance that EFL learners frequently experience. This problem is not limited to situations, people and time. The educational field is not an exception, furthermore, here is where the basis for English language learning for EFL students is formed. Lack of communication is nothing new felt by both sides. In regard to that topic, this research presents the communication barrier issue, which the writer, an EFL teacher, observed and encountered toward EFL learners when carrying out teaching and learning activities at Thammislam Foundation School in Thailand. This study aims to identify the various categories of issues that arise when interacting using English and to provide solutions or suggestions to these problems which are expected to help in the future event. The data of this study were collected in two ways, using a questionnaire and doing an interview with a total of 13 participants. The result indicates that the Disinterest factor shows up as the highest that caused communication barriers with a percentage of 22.3% while the Sosio-attitudinal factor is the lowest with a percentage of 19%.


This essay intends to explore the connections between Idealism and Romanticism in Germany and Italy. Wilhelm Dilthey's frequent intersections combining philosophy, literature and poetry in the interpretation of Romanticism will be analysed in the perspective offered by Dilthey's historicism in the dynamic context of the various development phases of historicism in Germany, and of the political stand points of Idealism. The Italian situation will be taken into consideration in cauda, focusing on its specific differences, as well as on its contact points with the German and European political and ideological scene


The purpose of this study was to know empirically the effect of corporate social responsibility, firm size, and profitability on the value of companies in mining companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017. The population of this study were all mining companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample used was 21 mining companies. The results of this study indicate that corporate social responsibility does not significantly influence the value of the company. Firm size has a significant effect on company value. Profitability has a significant effect on firm value. The implications of this study prove that corporate social responsibility, firm size, and profitability partially have a significant effect on firm value.


The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a composite material, comprising the steps of: providing a polypropylene homopolymer and at least an inorganic powder into a twin screw extruder, wherein the polypropylene homopolymer accounts for 40wt% ~ 90wt%, the inorganic powder bodies comprise 10wt% ~ 60wt%, wherein the polypropylene homopolymer has a melt index less than 3.6g / 10min, wherein the particle size of the inorganic powder is between 100 nanometers to 1000 nanometers. Heating the polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene homopolymer in a molten state. Further, the polypropylene homopolymer and an inorganic powder in a molten state through a twin screw extrusion machine at least five mixing block for mixing the polypropylene homopolymer and the inorganic powder, the inorganic powder dispersed in the polypropylene monomeric It was.


Objectives: Congestion is one of the major threats that we experience while transferring the data in WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). It occurs when the incoming rate of the packets to the sensor exceeds its outgoing rate which leads to queuing delay and packet loss. Since the energy consumed is proportional to the amount of data being transmitted, energy consumption can be reduced by minimizing the unnecessary transmission of data. Methods: During congestion it leads to exhaustion of energy and decreases the efficiency of the node. In the existing method DAlPaS algorithm is used to increase the network life time by reducing energy depletion at the sensors along a single path by finding alternative path when more than one flow is initiated through the same path. Alternate path selection could be done either by soft stage scheme or by hard stage scheme. In soft stage, the node that receives more than one flow and has the risk of buffer overflow or low power status, advises one of the sending nodes to change the path and it continues to forward the packets for that flow till the sending node finds alternate path and changes the path. But in hard stage, the availability status of this neighbor node is set as false in the sending node's neighbor table, so that the sending node is forced to find an alternate path before it sends the next packet. When more than one path exists, the sender will select the neighbor based on priority. The priority of a node is based on the distance from the sender and residual energy in the node. Findings: In the proposed method priority based dynamic alternative path selection algorithm is used to increase the network lifetime, to avoid network partition and packet loss due to energy depletion and to utilize the node's energy efficiently. Applications: Some of the major applications of Wireless Sensor Networks are security surveillance, environmental data compilation and tracking of sensor node. Sensor network applications are wide in range and they vary significantly in the mode of deployment, modality of sensing or the power supply.


Sumo, Japan's vernacular form of wrestling is so strikingly enmeshed in a distinctive cosmology of symbols, performances and narratives that the association with the traditional and the national seems to come inevitably, if not naturally. Yet many of the eye-catching elements are inventions from early modern or more recent times. Recent scandals demonstrated that the world of sumo is threatened to be torn apart between its conceptualisations as either a national craft or a modern sport. This article argues that the sense of crisis is an outcome of professional sumo's struggles in wrestling with multiple modernities. Sumo, on the one hand, is firmly embedded within the market rationality of sports as a modern institution and a consumer spectacle; on the other hand, as a self-declared sustainer of national virtues and traditions, it is deeply entrenched within a moral economy defying the market principles of fairness, surplus value and freedom of choice. Both aspects are related to Japan's encounters with modernity and the way sumo has been adjusted to its changing surroundings. Cracks appear where the modernity of the market colludes with the modernity of the nation and offer insight into a moral economy predating the invention of sumo as a sport.


This paper examines, the relationship between the frequency of single vehicle roadside accidents and the lateral placement of the most common roadside hazards and shows how this relationship could be used as a basis for the development of a roadside safety improvement programme. Data were collected from 195 sites in the Tyne and Wear area, in order to identify objects involved in collisions and measure their lateral distance from the edge of the pavement. The roadside hazard concept and system safety technology are then combined in a unified methodology to the quantitative evaluation of roadside safety. All relevant roadside safety knowledge has been encapsulated in a computer system called ROSDIS ROadside Safety Design and Improvement System. This system enables the user to experiment with different configurations of fixed roadside objects and select the configuration which minimises the probability of collision using fault tree analysis. The structure of the fault tree allows the incorporation of other factors such as the severity associated with each roadside hazards. Costs for different alternatives can also be included to determine the most economical one. It is intended to extend the system in the future using severity and cost. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 866319.


The analysis in this paper finds that the dramatic decline in labor force participation during the Great Recession is more than explained by deteriorating labor market conditions (cyclical factors).Behavior adjusted over this time period to boost labor force participation so that it was higher in 2012 than would have been predicted by the model. Depending on the strength of the labor market going forward, we project anywhere from a further decline in the labor force participation rate of 0.8pp to an increase of 0.35pp by 2017.


In this paper we compare the pedestal density changes in resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) H-modes at low collisionality with enhanced free streaming due to the creation of open field lines. First, we derive the effective radial transport coefficients by matching an ELMing (edge localized mode) H-mode using SOLPS5. Next, a vacuum field line tracing code, TRIP3D, is employed to calculate free streaming of particles along open field lines inside the traditional 2D axisymmetric separatrix. These coefficients are added to the effective radial transport coefficients from the ELMing H-mode and inserted in SOLPS5 to compute midplane profiles. Finally, we compare the SOLPS5 results with the experimental data from RMP H-modes and find good agreement. This good agreement was achieved not only for one single case, but also for two different experiments, with different triangularities, where the high triangularity case contains two RMP H-modes that give good agreement.


(Received 25 June 2004) Five tetrahydrofuran sesquiterpenes, so-called davanones, and coumarin umbelliferone isolated from Artemisia lobelii All. var. canescens (DC.) Briqu, were tested for antifungal activity. All the compounds inhibited the growth of the applied fungi. The overall activity of one of them, 2-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-7,10-epoxydodeca-3,11-dien-5-on, was comparable to that of the antibiotic bifonazole.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract The purpose of this study is to estimate the incidence of fixation-related complications following ultrasound-activated biodegradable osteosynthesis (UBO) in the treatment of craniosynostosis. The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from January 2005 to January 2020 for clinical studies reporting the use of UBO for fixation in the treatment of craniosynostosis. The primary outcome was the incidence of fixation-related complications, including unstable fixation; swelling, plate visibility, or palpability; infection; inflammation, sinus formation, and discharge; implant exposure; reoperation or implant removal. The pooled incidence rates were estimated using random-effects models. Of 155 studies identified, 10 were included, representing 371 patients. Forty-six (12.4%) patients presented fixation-related complications. The incidence rates of swelling/visibility/palpability, infection, and reoperation/implant removal were pooled based on the available data. The pooled incidence rate of chronic swelling/visibility/palpability was 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.43). Sensitivity analysis by omitting the outlier study demonstrates that the incidence of swelling/visibility/palpability was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.04–0.11). The pooled incidence rate of infection and reoperation/implant removal was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01–0.16) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01–0.09), respectively. Results show that although UBO can provide stable fixation, chronic swelling/visibility/palpability, infection, and reoperation for removal are not uncommon. Based on the literature, the authors recommend judicious use of UBO in patients with large frontorbital advancement and in the area of the coronal suture or other sites with thin overlying skin/subcutaneous tissue. The high possibility of chronic swelling/palpability/visibility during degradation, needs to be discussed preoperatively.


Many forms of alternative media empower marginalized populations by providing the tools of media production as an outlet for their voices. Drawing on the experiences of youth collected from semi-structured ethnographic interviews, the preliminary research presented in this paper demonstrates how youth, in their own words, are empowered through their participation in the alternative media production process. Since the relationship between empowerment and radio production is currently unexplored, critical media literacy is applied to illustrate how production can enfranchise the creator. Although the production of the radio artifact initiates the process, it is the legitimacy of the discursive space that is truly empowering for youth.


Post‐translational modifications of tubulin can regulate the dynamics and mechanical properties of microtubules and their interactions with different proteins, such as molecular motors. Two studies now demonstrate that excessive accumulation of a specific modification, polyglutamylation, leads to neurodegeneration in mice and humans, likely due to defects in axonal microtubule‐based transport.


It's a common measure of using bonds as raising funds and stimulating economy, but how to grasp the bonds' moderate scale and how to make full use of bonds is still a popular subject. By the comparative analysis of the criterions of bonds' moderate scale, the paper makes it clear that we should grasp the bonds' moderate scale from the using benefit of bonds. To function the criterions of the using benefit of bonds, we should improve budget arrangement, issue local bonds, standard mechanism of bonds market and so on.


Objective To investigate the effects of aggressive dosing of atorvastatin on the expression of SOCS1 in CD4 + Tlymphocytes from patients with unstable angina pectoris during peri-operative period of PCI.Methods A cohort of 50 patients with unstable angina pectoris were randomized (random number) to give pretreatment with either an aggressive dose (80 mg/d,n =25) or a routine dose (20 mg/d,n =25)of atorvastatin.Circulating CD4 +T cells were subsequently obtained prior to PCI,and also 18 h to 24 hours after PCI,using a magnetic cell sorting system (MACS).Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure expressions of SOCSI mRNA in the isolated CD4 + Tlymphocytes,and western blot analysis was used to detect levels of SOCS1 protein.Serum levels of IFN-γwere quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).Results Compared with routine dose group,the expressions of SOCS1 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically increased and those were higher in aggressive dose group following PCI (P < 0.05).In contrast,serum levels of IFN-γsignificantly increased following PCI in both groups,but it was higher in routine dose group than in aggressive dose group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with aggressive dosing of atorvastatin reduced the post-PCI myocardial inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina pectoris,possibly modulating by up-regulating SOCS1 expression in CD4 + Tlymphocytes.

Key words:
Unstable angina;  Atorvastatin;  CD4+T lymphocytes;  SOCS1;  IFN-γ


It is important to be able to accurately assess seismic risk so that vulnerabilities can be prioritized for retrofit, emergency response procedures can be properly informed, and insurance rates can be sustainably priced to manage risk. To assess the risk of a building (or class of buildings) collapsing in a seismic event, procedures exist for creating one or more mathematical models of the structure of interest and performing nonlinear time history analysis with a large suite of input ground motions to calculate the building's seismic fragility and collapse risk. In this dissertation, three aspects of these procedures for assessing seismic collapse risk are investigated for the purpose of improving their accuracy. It is common to use spectral acceleration with a damping ratio of 5% as a ground motion intensity measure (IM) for assessing collapse fragility. In this dissertation, the use of 70%-damped spectral acceleration as an IM is investigated, with a focus on evaluating its sufficiency and efficiency. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed for 22 steel moment frame (SMF) models with 50 biaxial ground motion records to formally evaluate the performance of 70%-damped spectral acceleration as an IM for highly nonlinear response and collapse. It is found that 70%-damped spectral acceleration is much more efficient than 5%-damped spectral acceleration and much more sufficient with respect to epsilon for all considered levels of highly nonlinear response. Its efficiency and sufficiency compares also compares well with more advanced IMs such as average spectral acceleration. When selecting input ground motions for nonlinear time history analysis, most engineers select ground motion records from the NGA-West2 database, which are processed with high-pass filters to remove long-period noise. In this dissertation, the extent to which these filters remove actual ground motion that is relevant to nonlinear time history analysis is evaluated. 52 near-source ground motion records from large-magnitude events are considered. Some records are processed by applying high-pass filters and others are processed by record-specific tilt corrections. Raw and NGA-West2 records are also considered. IDA is performed for 9-, 20-, and 55-story steel moment frame models with these processed records to assess the effects of ground motion processing on the calculated collapse capacity. It is found that if the cutoff period (Tc) is at least 40 seconds, then applying a high-pass filter does not have more than a negligible effect on collapse capacity for any of the considered records or building models. For shorter Tc (e.g. 10 or 15 seconds), it is found that the filters sometimes have a large effect on calculated collapse capacity, in some cases by over 50%, even if Tc is much larger than the building's fundamental period. Of the considered ground motions, simply using the raw, uncorrected records usually yields more accurate results than using ground motions that have been processed with Tc less than or equal to 20 seconds. For an existing building with unknown design plans, one might perform a collapse risk assessment using an archetype model for which the specific member sizes are assumed based on the relevant design code and building site. In this dissertation, the sensitivity of seismic collapse risk estimates to design criteria and procedures are evaluated for six 9-story and four 20-story post-Northridge SMFs. These SMFs are designed for downtown Los Angeles using different design procedures according to ASCE 7-05 and ASCE 7-10. Seismic risk analysis is performed using the results of IDA with 44 ground motion records and the results are compared to those of pre-Northridge models. It is found that the collapse risk of 9-story SMFs designed according to performance-based design vary by 3x, owing to differences in GMPEs used to generate site-specific response spectra. There is generally less variation in the collapse risk estimates of 20-story post-Northridge SMFs when compared to 9-story post-Northridge SMFs because wind drift limits control the design of many members of the 20-story SMFs. Differences in collapse risk between pre- and post-Northridge SMFs are found to be at least 4x and 8x for the 9- and 20-story models, respectively. Furthermore, in response to four strong ground motion records from large-magnitude events, some of the 9-story and all of the 20-story pre-Northridge SMFs experience collapse and most of the post-Northridge SMFs experience significant damage (MIDR > 0.03).


Approaching the end of this exposition, I would like to summarize my main points as follows. If the democratic opposition remains divided and the governmentmilitary complex unified, if the economic situation continues to improve and, finally, if terrorism and armed insurrection try once again to violently overthrow the regime, we may fairly expect that President Pinochet or his proxy will be reelected in January 1 989. Much time has already passed, and it by now may be too late for the opposition to change the course of political events prior to the plebiscite. Perhaps nowadays the best chance for the opponents is to get the government nominee defeated in the plebiscite. Though one can imagine the turmoil that such a situation could provoke, it is also likely that it would make the regime more open to amending the constitutional framework and give way to a genuine democratic polity.


Based on symmetry arguments and supported by electronic structure calculations, we show that an important possible antiferromagnetic state of CuO/sub 2/ planes has the moments on the O, rather than the Cu, sites. This and other proposed ''broken-symmetry'' orderings are a direct result of correlation effects and argue for holes on oxygen. In addition, calculations of the core-level shift between La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ and the extreme doping limit of CuO/sub 2/ show that the Cu charge state remains unchanged. These results should have important implications for the symmetry of models of the high-T/sub c/ copper oxide superconductors.


In the past few years microbial ecologists and microbiologists have been finding new organisms in the environment with unexpected abilities to degrade toxic chemicals. Efforts are now under way to harness those natural abilities and use them in cleaning up toxic chemicals, first by enhancing the performance of nonengineered microorganisms and later by endowing them with new capabilities through genetic engineering. This summer scientists began the first field test of a biological approach to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls in Schenectady, New York.