Stars form from the gravitational collapse of turbulent, magnetized molecular cloud cores. Our non-ideal MHD simulations reveal that the intrinsically anisotropic magnetic resistance to gravity during the core collapse naturally generates dense gravo-magneto-sheetlets within inner protostellar envelopes -- disrupted versions of classical sheet-like pseudodisks. They are embedded in a magnetically dominant background, where less dense materials flow along the local magnetic field lines and accumulate in the dense sheetlets. The sheetlets, which feed the disk predominantly through its upper and lower surfaces, are the primary channels for mass and angular momentum transfer from the envelope to the disk. The protostellar disk inherits a small fraction (up to 10\%) of the magnetic flux from the envelope, resulting in a disk-averaged net vertical field strength of 1-10 mG and a somewhat stronger toroidal field, potentially detectable through ALMA Zeeman observations. The inherited magnetic field from the envelope plays a dominant role in disk angular momentum evolution, enabling the formation of gravitationally stable disks in cases where the disk field is relatively well-coupled to the gas. Its influence remains significant even in marginally gravitationally unstable disks formed in the more magnetically diffusive cases, removing angular momentum at a rate comparable to or greater than that caused by spiral arms. The magnetically driven disk evolution is consistent with the apparent scarcity of prominent spirals capable of driving rapid accretion in deeply embedded protostellar disks. The dense gravo-magneto-sheetlets observed in our simulations may correspond to the ``accretion streamers"increasingly detected around protostars.


Partnership is the overarching framework for development cooperation, but it has been criticized for furthering priorities of the North, rather than those of the South. This article discusses partnership in Tanzania with a special focus on policy making to enhance rights and gender equality. The late 1990s have been described as an era when successful partnerships ensured laws friendly to women, but our analysis of policy making in the 2010s shows that the process consumes far more time now and is harder to accomplish. We argue that this is because the current issues are more controversial, challenging cultural norms, and perhaps because the government realistically envisages a future without aid and is less willing to let partners influence its policies.


that this is the best reading I have for Achinstein's tricky extrication from this difficult problem for his account. The interested must consult Achinstein's book itself to see if I have interpreted his notion rightly and, if not, how better to construe it. Still, there is a more general point to be made, which is that scientists surely would have no interest in the definitions Achinstein has conceived. Not that this necessarily matters to philosophers, but I suspect it matters to Achinstein who made it his personal mission to confront the Dean's Challenge to make the philosophy of science relevant to scientists. Nevertheless, a prominent virtue of Achinstein's book is its sensitivity to real historical studies of science. He initiates his discussion of evidence in Chapter 2 by examining J. I Thomson's discovery of the electron using the cathode ray tube. Then, after applying his new understanding of evidence to the resolution of some outstanding problems in the philosophy of science—the Ravens paradox, Goodman's New Riddle of Induction, the comparative value of prediction versus explanation/accommodation, and so on—he turns near the end of the book to providing a useful rational reconstruction of Jean Perrin's argument early in the twentieth century for the existence of molecules, one that arguably improves on previous reconstructions by Clark Glymour and Wesley Salmon. The final chapter returns to the work of J. J. Thomson and offers an original account of the nature of discovery. For me, it is Achinstein's (philosophically motivated) discussion of these historical cases that is the most useful part of the book. The Book of Evidence, if only for this reason, should provide formidable guidance in subsequent research regarding the philosophical approach to the historical study of science.


Fine needle aspiration (FNA), followed by core needle biopsy (CNB) when needed, was adopted as the standard care for liver lesions in our institution. This study explores the diagnostic efficacy of combined image‐guided FNA and CNB in liver lesion diagnosis.


Consider a market where a seller owns an item for sale and a buyer wants to purchase it. Each player has private information, known as their type. It can be costly and difficult for the players to reach an agreement through direct communication. However, with a mediator as a trusted third party, both players can communicate privately with the mediator without worrying about leaking too much or too little information. The mediator can design and commit to a multi-round communication protocol for both players, in which they update their beliefs about the other player's type. The mediator cannot force the players to trade but can influence their behaviors by sending messages to them.

We study the problem of designing revenue-maximizing mechanisms for the mediator. We show that the mediator can, without loss of generality, focus on a set of direct and incentive-compatible mechanisms. We then formulate this problem as a mathematical program and provide an optimal solution in closed form under a regularity condition. Our mechanism is simple and has a threshold structure. We also discuss some interesting properties of the optimal mechanism, such as situations where the mediator may lose money.


The article considers the features of innovative activity from the standpoint of ensuring sustainable development of the construction industry, presents the features of construction that determine the objective need for innovation and the reasons for the industry's inertia towards innovations that hamper the process of transition to an innovative development path. The role of large enterprises as participants in the implementation of investment projects contributing to their most effective implementation is considered. The features of the management structure of innovation activity are justified. The factors determining the innovative management structure in holdings, considered possible variants of administrative interaction depending on the process involved in the control subjects and their functions.


Software Defined Networking (SDN) makes it easy to control and manage the network due to a centralized control plane. However, this centralization also limits the scalability of SDN. To address this scalability issue, multiple controllers are deployed in the SDN. Placing multiple controllers poses several challenges, one of which is to find optimum locations for the placement of multiple controllers. The existing approaches for controller placement in a multiple-controller SDN environment overlook many aspects, like the path reliability for switch-to-controller and controller-to-controller communication, and the use of an efficient machine-learning algorithm. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel approach, named as CMOPHA, that uses NSGA-II (a multi-objective optimization MOO algorithm) to compute the optimum placement of controllers based on the parameters of maximum switch-to-controller path reliability, and minimum value of switch-to-controller hop count, maximum controller-to-controller reliability, load-balancing among the controllers and a minimum number of controllers. We conduct simulations using real network traces. Based on the results, we show that CMOPHA improves the network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, hop count, computation time, and network availability compared to the existing state-of-the-art approach.


I am very pleased to comment on this important and thought-provoking keynote article. The evidence reviewed by Mayberry and Kluender (Mayberry & Kluender, 2017 ) is extremely significant for our understanding of a critical or sensitive period for the acquisition of language, and the hypothesis they suggest regarding a critical period for first but not second language is challenging. The studies of late L1 learning from the Mayberry lab provide very strong evidence for a critical or sensitive period. However, I am less persuaded of their interpretation of L2 learning and the contrast they hypothesize between L1 and L2 learning during adulthood. I will suggest another hypothesis regarding the differences in age effects for first versus second languages, one that is equally compatible with their important data. My focus here is therefore on their interpretation of the L2 literature. I will not comment further on their review of Mayberry's remarkable studies of late L1 acquisition, except to congratulate them on this very important work.


The lower Eocene Çeltek Formation is located in the Sorgun district of Yozgat city. In the study area Paleozoic, Campanian Maastrichtian, Eocene, Miocene and Quaternary units are exposed. The Çeltek Formation is noticeable with coal and oil shale deposits. Samples were collected from one exposure (YÇ ÖSK) and two boreholes (SJ and Ç boreholes) at the facility operated by the Yeni Çeltek Coal Management. Concentrations of REE in oil shales from these localities were determined with ICPMS technique. REE and TOC values of a total of 32 samples were compared with normalized REE contents of various environments. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents of samples range from 1.37 to 11.8 wt% (mean 4.96 wt%). The averages of all samples for the all normalized values show similar patterns. Normalized REE patterns are represented by enrichment in the order of LREE>MREE>HREE and display (-)Ce and (+)Eu anomalies. ΣREE vs. TOC were compared. ΣREE vs. TOC showed weak positive correlation whereas ΣLREE vs. (M+HREE) and ΣLREE vs. ΣREE are positively strongly correlated. Regarding tectonic provenance characteristics, the Çeltek Formation oil shales were formed in micro environments with physicochemical conditions changing from oxic to euxinic character that represent transition environment (from terrestrial to marine).


This article demonstrates the value and practical application of a technique of formation of teaching and learning of students with criteria-based assessment. At the same time, the benefits and differences criteria-based assessment in modern schools.


(2000) Br J Gen Pract 50, 963. Sharp DM, Power KG, Swanson V. . Reducing therapist contact in cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care: global measures of outcome in a randomised controlled trial. . Dec; . : . –8 .

[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

 QUESTION: In adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, does the amount of therapist contact affect the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?

Randomised {allocation concealed*}†, blinded (outcome assessor)*, controlled trial with 12 weeks of follow up.

26 general practices in eastern Scotland, UK.

104 patients who were 18–70 years of age (mean age 38 y) and had panic disorder with or without agoraphobia according to DSM-III-R , a Hamilton Anxiety Scale score ⩾15, a Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale ⩽20, symptoms lasting ⩾3 months, and no psychological treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia in the preceding 6 months. 88% of patients completed the study.

CBT was given with 1 of 3 levels of therapist …

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As part of a study of factors affecting ride quality, the effect of general aviation cabin noise on speech communication between passengers was investigated. Twelve female subject pairs were seated side by side and required to converse with each other while being exposed to 5‐min segments of noise. Three different noise types were presented at levels of 90, 85, 80, and 75 dB(A). After each noise segment, the subjects rated the noise effect on conversation, judged the noise as acceptable or not acceptable for conversation, and estimated how long they could converse comfortably in the noise. Fifty percent of the subjects judged 75 dB(A) as acceptable for conversing 1 h or longer. Throughout all testing, the subjects wore small boom mikes, which were attached to eyeglass frames, and measurements of talking level were made. A regression line fit to the entire data set showed a 6.4 dB(A) increase in talking level for a 10 dB(A) increase in noise level. Corresponding regression line slopes for individuals varie...


Mice lacking the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) urea transporters, UT‐A1 and UT‐A3, are unable to concentrate their urine. It is not known whether this defect results from the absence of UT‐A1, UT‐A3, or both. Studies suggest a functional UTA1/ A3 heterodimer. To investigate, we generated a UT‐A1 gene that could not be spliced to produce UT‐A3, behind its original UT‐A promoter. We introduced this transgene into UT‐A1/A3 knock‐out (KO) mice to yield a mouse expressing UT‐A1 but not UT‐A3 (UT‐A1‐only mice). Western blot demonstrated UT‐A1 protein in inner medulla (IM) of UT‐A1‐only and wild‐type (WT) mice, but not in UT‐A1/A3 KO mice. UT‐A1 protein was not detected in brain, heart, colon, lung, liver, spleen, vas deferens, or testes of UT‐A1‐only mice. Immunohistology showed UT‐A1 staining only in the IM of the UT‐A1‐only mice. Basal urine osmolalities were similar in WT (2844 mOsm) and UT‐A1‐only mice (2508 mOsm); both were higher than UT‐A1/A3 KO (920 mOsm)(p<.05). Overnight water restriction increased urine osmolality similarly in WT (4469 mOsm) and UT‐A1‐only (3656 mOsm) mice; both were higher than UT‐A1/A3 KO (1365 mOsm)(p<.05). We conclude that mice expressing UT‐A1, but not UT‐A3, are able to concentrate their urine to similar levels as WT mice. This suggests UT‐A3 may not be essential for urine concentration and that the functional urea channel in the IMCD is not a UT‐A1/UT‐A3 heterodimer. Support:NIDDK


Thank you very much for downloading strong limit theorems in non commutative probability. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this strong limit theorems in non commutative probability, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


Background: Femoral to radial arterial pressure gradient (∆P) often develops after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) where radial artery pressure (RAP) does not reflect the actual perfusion pressure. Renin-angiotensin system antagonists (RAS-A) are increasingly prescribed preoperatively which causes vasodilation and vascular remodeling. We evaluated the effect of RAS-A medication on ∆P after CPB in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. Methods: Eighty-five patients scheduled for elective valvular heart surgery for regurgitant lesions were divided into two groups: the RAS-A group, in which patients were on RAS-A preoperatively (n = 52) and the control group (n = 33). Hemodynamic variables including RAP, femoral arterial pressure (FAP), body temperature, and hematocrit were recorded at after induction of anesthesia, pre-and post-CPB and sternum closure. Results: After CPB, systolic ∆P was significantly greater in the RAS-A group than in the control group. Nine (27%) and 36 (69%) patients after CPB, and 6 (18%) and 23 (44%) patients after sternum closure developed systolic ∆P more than 10 mmHg, in the control and RAS-A group, respectively, which were statistically significant. Body temperature, hematocrit and systemic vascular resistance index were not different between groups. Conclusions: Preoperative treatment with RAS-A resulted in clinically significant ∆P after cardiopulmonary bypass in about 70% of patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. Concomitant monitoring of FAP with RAP might be helpful to prevent inadequate vasopressor therapy guided by inaccurate RAP after CPB in this subset of patients.


To know if there is any relationship between breast feeding and nationality, premature birth, type of birth and early skin-to-skin contact at Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Cohort study in a simple of 541 puerperal women at Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, from October to November 2011.The variables nationality, type of birth, early skin-to-skin contact, premature birth and beginning of breast feeding were collected before hospital discharge by means of a questionnaire.Two months after the birth, mothers were phoned to know the type of breastfeeding until


The purpose of this document is to introduce the idea of using recurrence relations to do average-case analysis. The average-case running time of QuickSort is obtained as an applications of this idea. In class we showed that when the search key X is in the list L of size n, then c A (n) = n+1 2 where A is Linear Search. Often the analysis can be done using recurrence relations rather than evaluating a sum directly. For convenience, let f (n) = c A (n). We can write a recurrence relation for f (n) under the assumption that X is in the list, namely, f(n) = ½ 1 , if n = 1 1 + n−1 n f (n − 1) , if n ≥ 2. How did we arrive at this recurrence? Think about applying Linear Search to an unsorted list. We must compare the Þrst element of the list to the search key X. In other words, the probability of inspecting the Þrst element of the list is 1. How many comparisons do we make when we inspect the Þrst element of the list? We make exactly one comparison. Now having compared the Þrst element of the list with X, how many comparisons do we make on average to search the rest of the list? Well, it depends on whether the search key X was found in position one of the list. The probability that we even have to search the rest of the list is n−1 n since the probability of the search key being in the Þrst position is 1/n. The expression f (n − 1) is the average-case running time of A on a list of size n − 1. Therefore, the quantity n−1 n f(n − 1) represents the average-case running


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When an animal is standing still or moving slowly, it's relatively easy to figure out what a specific muscle might do. Once the animal starts moving more quickly, the question gets a lot hairier – the body and the legs are swinging around; sometimes the legs hit the ground and


Objective To study the correlation of coronary heart disease(CHD) with cartoid atherosclerosis and the diagnostic value of cartoid ultrasonography.Methods Cartoid ultrasonography and coronary arteriongraphy(CAG) were conducted in 107 elder cases doubted with CHD, and the intia-media thickness(IMT) of carotid artery,existense and amounts, shape and size of plaque, stenosis and occlusion of lumina were observed and compared.Results The integral grdae,Crouse grade and number of plaque in the patients with single banch double branches and multi-branch lesions were significantly different from those in the non-coronary heart disease cases. In the diagonosis of CHD,the sensibilities of IMT,plaque and IMT+plaque were 79%,64% and 80%, specificities 68%,74% and 79%,and positive predictive values 84%,83% and 89%, respectively. Conclusion The cartoid ultrasonography is a valuable examination in the diagonosis of CHD in the elderly.


This article examines current approaches to wellbeing research in the social sciences, reviewing their underlying ontologies to explore which 'being' is implied in contemporary research on wellbeing. It critically analyses themes from the 'science of happiness' for their focus on a decontextualized and individualized subject and highlights the emergence of an alternative, developing geographical research agenda in the study of wellbeing, termed here 'intra-active wellbeing'. It is argued that this research agenda draws together formerly disparate aspects of geographical thought – classically humanistic wellbeing research and more-than-human inquiry – and creates space for a more pluralistic field of wellbeing scholarship.


1 E.g., Charter of the United Nations (hereinafter cited as UN Charter), Arts. 2(3) and 33. This principle is repeated in many other international instruments. For a recent survey, see Alheritiere, "Settlement of Public International Disputes on Shared Resources: Elements of Comparative Study of International Instruments," (1985) 25 Nat. Res. J. 710. This is a positive obligation to seek settlement, going beyond the duty to merely refrain from the threat or use of force found in Art. 2(4) of the UN Charter. (David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies (hereinafter DDMI), International Disputes: The Legal Aspects 9 (1972).) In the environmental context, certain types of "self-help" and coercion can be envisaged, such as the imposition of economic sanctions in response to environmental concerns. Also in the category of self-help could be considered unilateral state legislative action such as Canada's Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act (R.S.C. 1970 (ist Supp.) c. 2), by which Canada asserts regulatory jurisdiction over pollution-threatening activities in Arctic waters in an attempt to prevent and control pollution. See also Art. i of the International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, Nov. 29, 1969, 26 U.S.T. 765, T.I.A.S. no. 8068. 2 It reads: "The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of


This paper uses the two-scale fractal dimension transform and He's formula derived from the ancient Chinese algorithm Ying Bu Zu Shu to find the approximate frequency–amplitude expression of the fractal and forced anharmonic oscillator that can be used to study the nonlinear oscillations produced by the plasma physics fractal structures. The results show how the electron frequency and wavelength change as a function of the plasma physics fractal structure. In fact, if the value of the fractal parameter is decreased, the wavelength increases, and consequently, the system frequency decreases. The introduced solution procedure sheds a bright light on the easy-to-follow steps to obtain an accurate steady-state analytical solution of fractal anharmonic nonlinear oscillators.


In a review (JHS lxxxvi [1966] 205 f.) of P. A. Stadter's Plutarch's historical methods: an analysis of the Mulierum virtutes (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965), Mr T. F. Carney, who was at that time Fulbright Visiting Scholar in the Department of Political Science of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, claimed that the book 'analyses somewhat dated problems with only partially up-dated tools' and that the 'actual findings of the book replicate what is already known'. Although Mr Carney takes it for granted that his readers know what the 'up-dated tools' are, at the end of his review he drops the key words 'content analysis', in which, according to him, Stadter had engaged unwittingly, but obviously without success. Inasmuch as the book in question grew out of a dissertation suggested and directed by this writer, it may perhaps be allowed to reply to the rather serious charges raised in this review, charges which are unprecedented in the history of this Journal and which, if they were justified, could have far-reaching implications. This writer must confess that he was first baffled both by the degree of hostility displayed and by the criticisms, which, though specific, are often murky; but he was baffled even more by the general accusation of 'only partially up-dated tools' and inappropriate use of 'content analysis', a term he had never previously encountered. But this writer soon found out that content analysis is 'a research tool in mass communication' (R. W. Butt and R. K. Thorp, An Introduction to Content Analysis [A Publication of the University of Iowa School of Journalism, Iowa City, Iowa, 1963] 1), 'a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication' (Bernard Berelson, Content Analysis in Communication Research [The Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois, 1952] 18 [still the chief book in the field]); and it became clear that Mr Carney wore the social scientist's hat when he wrote his review.


Evolutionary Algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Immune System (AIS) are commonly used to find solutions to problems not suitable for traditional optimization approaches. In this study, we compare the results of AIS and GA for path-planning where the objective is to optimize the safety and the travelling distance. Since these algorithms are computationally intensive, we perform offline optimization to generate a list of suboptimal solutions. Results show that the performance of GA and AIS are similar in terms of convergence and optimality. Furthermore, an analysis of AIS revealed that the convergence rate is faster at higher separation threshold; however, the effects of maturity age and percentage of hypermutation had minimal effects in convergence of AIS. Using AIS, we were also able to produce several sub-optimal paths in the form of memory cells, which provide robustness to the optimal path subject to perturbations.


PurposeProfessionalism indicates a devotion to and demonstration of exceptional performance and achievement in any activity. The built environment comprises the physical items required for economic activity, long-term national development and social well-being. Studies show a need to improve many aspects of the built environment and the sector which creates it. Researchers should contribute to this improvement effort. It is suggested that researchers should demonstrate professionalism, but there is no agreement on how professionalism in research is determined. It is necessary to consider what constitutes professionalism in built environment research and how it can be developed.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory study is presented. It considers major works on the nature of the built environment and its sector, and factors influencing research on them; and draws on works on research ethics, integrity and good practice to propose a framework for professionalism in built environment research.FindingsMore work is needed to improve the built environment and its sector. Professionalism in built environment research will make the contribution of such research to this effort effective. This professionalism should be conceptualised, developed and continuously enhanced.Research limitations/implicationsThis first attempt to formulate a framework for professionalism in built environment research is based on a review of the major relevant literature. Subsequent works can test this framework empirically.Social implicationsThe professional built environment researcher will be committed to contributing to society.Originality/valueThis is the first work on professionalism in research on the built environment. The framework provides the basis for further studies on the subject.


The rapid development of the network economy has brought no small impact and impact to the administrative departments for Industry and commerce. This paper analyzes the influence of network economy on the industry and commerce administration, pointed out that the development of the network economy can improve the administrative department of industry and commerce work efficiency, reduce management costs, to provide the quality of the staff, to collect information more convenient, establish the good atmosphere of the industry, with the development of network economy analysis also brought no small impact to the traditional business the administrative management, finally puts forward the industrial and commercial administrative departments should change their concepts, to accelerate its pace of development and improve the legal system to adapt to the requirements of the development of network economy.


Competitive aerobics is a sports project which combines music, aerobics, difficulty and performance as the whole, and takes health, strength and beauty as its movement characteristics. Competitive aerobics is one of the sports that is dominated by skills, and the technical requirements are higher. Through the analysis of the existing literature, the current research on the difficulty of aerobics is only in the general qualitative description and experience summary. So far, there is no comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the competitive gymnastics articles, in the theoretical aspects of the study which is more general, limited. In this work, the method of digital image processing is used to focus on the evolution of the difficulty of aerobics. Combining the rules of the international competitive aerobics competition in each cycle, this work analyzes the statistical data of the movement difficulty of the aerobics championships, discusses the difficulty of aerobics development and evolution process, from summing up the characteristics of the development of difficult movements,the development trend of difficult movements of competitive aerobics is scientifically predicted.


Many fluids transported by pipelines are hazardous. It is therefore often necessary to install leak detection (and localization) systems (LDS), particularly due to legal regulations such as - the "Code for Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49 Part 195 " [1], API 1130 2nd Ed. [2], both for the USA, or - the "Technische Regel fur Fernleitungen " (TRFL) (Technical Rule for Pipelines) in Germany [5]. This article gives an overview of methodologies, methods and techniques for leak detection and localization; [6] and [7] are two other interesting sources giving an overview. Some remarks concerning (legal) regulations both for the USA and for Germany will be shown in section 1. Section 2 summarizes the requirements on LDS concerning (1) reliability, (2) sensitivity, (3) accuracy, and (4)robustness. These terms had been defined with respect to LDS within API 1155 [3], and will be explained in some detail within this section 2. External based LDS (according to API 1130 2nd Ed.) use local leak sensors to generate a leak alarm. Acoustic emission detectors, fibre optical sensing cable, vapour sensing cable, and liquid sensing cable based systems are shortly presented in section 3. Internal based LDS (also according to API 1130 2nd Ed.) use normal field sensors (e. g. flowmeters) for leak detection and sometimes leak localization. A significant part of the paper (section 4) deals with these internal systems such as - balancing systems (line balance, volume balance, compensated mass balance, etc.) - Real Time Transient Model LDS (RTTM-LDS) - pressure/flow monitoring, and - statistical analysis LDS. Different methods for leak localization (gradient intersection method, wave propagation analysis etc.) will be shown in section 5. The presentation of an Extended RTTM approach (E-RTTM) combining advantages of conventional RTTM LDS and statistical systems follows in section 6, together with the demonstration of applicability by means of two examples, - a liquid multi-batch pipeline, and - a gas pipeline. The University of Applied Sciences in Gelsenkirchen and KROHNE Oil & Gas from the Netherlands work closely together in the field of leak detection. The outstanding properties of the E-RTTM technology therefore motivated them to choose E-RTTM for PipePatrol, the KROHNE Oil & Gas leak detection and localization System.


Innovation is needed by all types of organization including those who are coming from the third sector economy. This study tried to develop firmly-paradigm in addressing the term innovation into co-operatives, non-profit organization and social enterprise. Starting with performing a comprehensive literature review, the study found six possible dimensions for innovation namely: (1) organizational capabilities, (2) knowledge management capabilities, (3) external orientation capabilities, (4) learning network capabilities, (5) strategic capabilities and (6) dynamic capabilities. Aiming to provide clear evidence on how each dimension contribute to innovation, the study used Dematel approach to deal with multi-criteria issues. Having collected questionnaires from 26 experts, the study emphasized that external orientation capabilities shares as the greatest influencer among dimensions for the three types of organizations. As point to that, having considered the causal relationship among dimension, this study promotes a new thought in performing innovation. Socio-economy must use the identified-dimension as systematic paradigm. Finally the paper portrayed the sequence through causal-relations analysis, thus providing clear guidance for future agenda. Keywords : innovation, third sector economy, Dematel, external orientation capabilities


This paper reports an experiment comparing three label separation methods for reducing visual clutter in Augmented Reality (AR) displays. We contrasted two common methods of avoiding visual overlap by moving labels in the 2D view plane with a third that distributes overlapping labels in stereoscopic depth. The experiment measured user identification performance during spatial judgment tasks in static scenes. The threemethods were compared with a control condition in which no label separation method was employed. The results showed significant performance improvements, generally 15–30%, for all three methods over the control; however, these methods were statistically indistinguishable from each other. Indepth analysis showed significant performance degradation when the 2D view plane methods produced potentially confusing spatial correlations between labels and the markers they designate. Stereoscopically separated labels were subjectively judged harder to read than view-plane separated labels. Since measured performance was affected both by label legibility and spatial correlation of labels and their designated objects, it is likely that the improved spatial correlation of stereoscopically separated labels and their designated objects has compensated for poorer stereoscopic text legibility. Future testing with dynamic scenes is expected to more clearly distinguish the three label separation techniques.


The work presented in this paper focuses on the design of a half-bridge DC-DC converter for the power electronics interface of energy-storage units for a fuel-cell sport utility vehicle. Several design options are explored; namely: single stage vs. multiple interleaved stages, and continuous vs. discontinuous conduction mode. These design options are weighed against the design goals of minimum cost, high efficiency at low output power levels, and minimum volume and weight to allow for high integration. Special emphasis is given to the impact that the wide input voltage requirements (i.e., from 150 V to 270 V) has on the component stresses.


When cells of a marine pseudomonad (ATCC 19855) were extracted with 45% aqueous phenol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could not be recovered from the extract. If the phenol solution used for extraction contained NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 at their concentrations in the growth medium (0.22 M, 0.01 M, and 0.026 M respectively) and the fluid used subsequently to dialyze the extract free of phenol was a solution of the same salts, LPS could be sedimented from the aqueous phase of the extract by centrifugation at 144 000 × g. Tests on the individual salts at their growth-medium concentrations showed that the presence of MgCl2 alone in the phenol solution gave rise to even higher yields of LPS than did the three salts together. With NaCl in the phenol solution, the yield of LPS was much reduced while with KCl present, either traces or no LPS could be isolated. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the LPS showed galactose and glucose to be the predominating neutral sugars, and glucosamine and galactosamine the major am...


Nordqvist and Smart's engaging and accessible book is the result of empirical research funded by the ESRC. The authors cleverly and seamlessly interweave narratives from in-depth interviews together with critical sociolegal analysis of what family life, genes and donor conception mean in the 21st century. I highly recommend the resulting book Relative Strangers as an invaluable source for those working in this particular area, including scholars in sociology, law and other related disciplines and practitioners. Additionally, it will have broader appeal to many other scholars researching what it means to belong, fit, find identity and live a good life in and through law, politics, culture and society, at a local, regional and international level. The book contains eight clearly structured chapters based on interviews with 22 heterosexual couples, 22 lesbian couples and 30 grandparents of donor-conceived children, 15 of whom had a heterosexual son or daughter and 15 whose daughters were lesbian. It is informed by a subtle and sophisticated analysis of openness, keeping secrets, genetics, kinship and belonging and impeccably sourced. In terms of understanding who we are through family lineage and through love and care in our existence, we have been cautioned against 'tak[ing] for granted the central role that culture assigns to blood ties in the formation of one's identity' (Triger, 2012: 381). These issues have become more pertinent in recent times in medical ethics and developments in family law because of technological advances, particularly in IVF, gamete donation, surrogacy and biological fatherhood/DNA testing disputes. One of the central themes of Relative Strangers is the concept of the gene in a sense of belonging. The authors conclude that this concept is 'now part of everyday thinking' (p. 144). It is routinely invoked when talking about family relationships, reproduction and children (ibid). However, they point out that, on closer inspection, 'what genes do is not terribly clear in people's thinking' (p. 145). This reminds me of what Rose calls the 'language of life' which contains 'the digital instructions' to make us what we are (Rose, 2007: 14). We have become:


Five plots (3x3 m) of paddy var. Pant Dhan-4 were harvested at each of six stages of grain maturity (grain moisture levels of 40, 35, 30, 25, 20 and 15%) to assess the nutritive value of straw and its fitness for ammonia (wrea) treatment. The straw available at each stage was divided into two lots, the first lot was oven dried while thesecond one was sun dried to reduce its moisture content below45% followed by ammonlation using urea (5%, 50% moisture and 4 weeks). The nutritional quality of straw, measured on the basis of its CP, cell wall contents and in sacco DM degradability, declined significantly after 25% grain moisture stage. The sun drying of straw had no effect on the quality of straw. The high plant moisture in case of sun dried straw did not affect efficiency of ammonia (urea) treatment. The quality of straw was significantly improved as a result of ammonia (urea) treatment, irrespective of the stage of harvest and the moisture content of straw at the time of treatment. It is concluded thatammonia (urea) treatment can be practised even in areas where harvested straw is still green.


The implementation and operation of the Integrated Information Center (IIC) can be divided into three, relatively distinct phases corresponding roughly to the 3 years of the grant, from October 1990 to September 1993. This article presents the story of each phase of the implementation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Hilbert sixteenth problem asks for existence of uniform upper bound H(n) for the number of limit cycles of a polynomial vector field of degree n,on the plane.This problem is open even for n = 2.However ,it is well known that the number of limit of a polynomial vector field on the plane is finite,see [3]. Using polar Change of coordinates we replace the phenomena of limit cycle with solution (r, θ) with the condition r(0) = r(2π). More generally consider the equation Z ′ = an(t)Z n + an−1(t)Z n−1 + . . . where Z ′ = dZ/dt and ai(t) are c 1 functions of real t. for a fixed t,put U(t) for the set of all z in C ,that φt can be defined at (Z, 0),where φ is the flow of corresponding autonomous system,adding t = 1 to the equation. U(t) is an open simply connected subset of C,further φt, as a map from U(t) to C, is a holomorphic function:if ai is not analytic we approximate it with analytic map,and note that the uniform limit of holomorphic functions is holomorph.This shows that for n > 1 the above system is not a complete Vector field. Because any one to one entire function must be linear φt(Z) = a(t)Z + b(t). Differentiating in t implies n = 1 Similarly if φt be mobious function then n can be at most two This shows for n > 2 the argument of Smale described in [6] is not applicable.since any continuous function from spher to spher is holomorphic if it is holomorph on an open and dense subset of spher.On the other hand a fixed point of a holomorphic function has non negative Lefschetz number. In fact for n=3 there are example of autonomous equation z = f(z) that there are two isochronous center with different period T1 and T2 and φT can not be extended even continuously to sphere. The Complexification of the Hilbert 16th problem is a beautiful idea but in some case is not effective.In this note we suggest some different views,for looking at the Hilbert 16th problem:


The year was 1831, and the President of the Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle, was preparing for a difficult campaign to win the re-charter of his institution. Facing the hostility of Andrew Jackson, and the partisan newspapers that supported him, Biddle was determined to put his own views before the American public. [excerpt]


If we need less medicine,1 how much less? Given the accumulating evidence that revascularisation may not add anything to patients' changing their lifestyle, how much angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting should be performed? The peer reviewed evidence overwhelmingly suggests …


In this study, a small-scale five bladed 2D model was adopted to investigate the VAWT aerodynamics. A CFD model of the blades was created in ANSYS Fluent. The CFD results demonstrated that the model was capable of capturing the effect that the rotor encounters vortex interactions where the retreating blade impinges on its own wake and the wakes of other preceding blades. In addition, the results showed that as the rotational speed increases the downwind wake becomes more skewed, evidenced by the vorticity and turbulence kinetic energy fields. Based the simulation results, modeling limitations and recommendations were discussed regarding the current 2D modeling approach. Finally, future work and plan regarding 3D modeling were addressed


ICRKFLO solves conservation equations for gaseous species, droplets, and solid particles of various sizes. General conservation laws, expressed by ellipitic-type partial differential equations, are used in conjunction with rate equations governing the mass, momentum, enthalpy, species, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation for a three-phase reacting flow. Associated sub-models include integral combustion, two-parameter turbulence, particle melting and evaporation, droplet evaporation, and interfacial submodels. An evolving integral reaction submodel, originally designed for ICOMFLO2 to solve numerical stability problems associated with Arrhenius type differential reaction submodels, was expanded and enhanced to handle petroleum cracking applications. A two-parameter turbulence submodel accounts for droplet and particle dispersion by gas phase turbulence with feedback effects on the gas phase. The evaporation submodel treats not only particle evaporation but the droplet size distribution shift caused by evaporation. Interfacial submodels correlate momentum and energy transfer between phases.


The title compound, C18H17NOS, (2), is the product of substitution at the methyl group, in the 2-position of 2,5-dimethyl-4-phenylthiazole, with benzaldehyde. Molecules of (2) form extended chains through O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.


In view of the status that it is difficult for a manipulator to determine the spatial position of target,this paper proposes the following method,to find the object in the two images captured by two cameras by making use of template matching,to find the centre coordinates,to put the coordinate values into the imaging model and calculate the 3D coordinates of the point.The experimental results show that the method is available.


Objectives
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for fetal growth and development, yet longitudinal data on objectively measured maternal PUFAs across pregnancy in relation to fetal growth remain elusive. We prospectively and longitudinally investigated plasma phospholipid PUFAs in pregnancy in relation to neonatal size and body composition.

Methods
Within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort (n = 2,802), individual plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured in blood samples collected at gestational weeks (GW) 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 in a subset of 321 women. Birthweight (BW) was abstracted from medical records. Neonatal length and skinfolds were measured and fat mass (FM) and % body fat (BF) were estimated by Catalano's formula. We used linear regression models with robust variance and inverse probability weighting to standardize the sample.

Results
In late pregnancy at GW 33-39, after adjusting for covariates including prepregnancy body mass index, per unit increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was related to a 95.3 g (95% CI 33.6, 157.0) greater BW, 0.49 cm (0.09, 0.90) longer neonatal length, 41.2 g (13.6, 68.9) greater FM, and 0.79% (0.21, 1.37) higher BF. As for n-6 PUFAs, at GW 33-39, arachidonic acid per unit increase was associated with a 41.7 g (5.22, 78.3) greater BW and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) per unit increase was related to a 462.3g (98.0, 826.6) and 145.5 g (12.1, 278.9) greater BW and FM, respectively. The PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio per unit increase at GW 33-39 was significantly related to a 14.6g (-29.2, -0.04) lower FM. Further, associations of n-3 PUFA with neonatal adiposity varied by prepregnancy obesity and exposure window. Total n-3 PUFA per unit increase at GW 23-31 and 33-39 was associated with 0.68-0.78% greater neonatal BF among women without obesity, whereas at GW 10-14 and 15-26 it was associated with 1.07-1.36% lower BF among women with obesity (P-interaction < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for individual PUFAs in early to mid-pregnancy with neonatal body composition, except for positive associations of DHA and DTA at GW 10-14 with BW.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that maternal plasma phospholipid PUFAs are implicated in fetal growth and their roles may vary by prepregnancy obesity and timing in pregnancy.

Funding Sources
NICHD/NIH.


THE UK has a long and successful record of research and innovation in laser and electro-optic technologies. Much of the early pioneering work was undertaken in the UK at universities and other research establishments across a broad range of laser technologies. Since lasers are considered to be a key enabling technology, the UK should have been well placed to move forward in a number of high-tech industries and also in general manufacturing techniques. Sadly, this hasn't happened and the UK laser industry has remained small with much of the UK's pioneering development work being exploited commercially by other countries.


The authors use ab initio multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods to investigate the potential energy surface for reactions of hydroxyl radical with formaldehyde. The appropriate minima, transition states, and products for hydrogen abstraction from formaldehyde and OH addition to the carbon or oxygen are located at the MCSCF level of theory with a double-{zeta} plus polarization (DZP) quality basis set. Dynamical correlation effects on the energetics are determined by single-point MRCI calculations at the MCSCF stationary points also with a DZP basis set.


The partial insulation winding was examined to ameliorate the slow charge–discharge shown by coils wound without insulation. Single pancake coils of GdBCO coated conductor were wound without insulation, with kapton tape every five turns, and with the full use of kapton tape. They were characterized by charge–discharge, sudden discharge, and over-current testing. The improved charging and discharging and high thermal and electrical stabilities of the partially insulated coil demonstrate its potential for use in HTS power applications.


With the road traffic congestion problems become more and more serious, and the current traffic lights don't possess the function of revising timely and flexible, it can't meet the requirements of real-time controlling and make the traffic in intersection more efficient. The design of Microcontroller-based traffic signal controller fixes this problem. It based on STC90C51 as CPU solutions; LED lights and digital pipe were used as display module; 8 independent keyboards were used as the only manual input device; Software used the C programming language. The intelligent traffic light system covered the multi-phase and multi-period. So we could choose two-phase/four-phase/six-phase according to the particular road and traffic condition. Besides, it took the special status of emergency vehicles into account. It also had a manual input keyboard so that you could adjust the signal at any time. This design can effectively improve the traffic congestion problem.


These are sufficient to show how apparently small mistakes can make a large difference in the importance of a document. Of particular interest is Ragib's deciphering (p. 38) of a rarely used system of symbols used to denote sums of money. These are: a small circle, sometimes with a tail = one dinar; an angle pointing to the right = half-dinar; a vertical line = one-third dinar; an oblique line running from upper right to lower left = one-quarter dinar; and dots, each representing one qirat. The editor was able to determine these values because the total was written out. Though the main subject of the papyri is the cloth trade that was being conducted by the commissioner and his agents, other subjects also come up which show that a more intimate relationship than mere business existed between them. Referred to are advances of money; an enquiry as to whether he still wants the ring he had ordered, and if not, the gold would be returned; a report on the level of the Nile's water; the proposed purchase of a slave, sandals, cloaks; jars (of condiments), and jugs (for carrying water); news about the health of relatives and friends; congratulations on a marriage; the purchase of a Nubian slave hairdresser; the purchase of a Nubian slave boy under ten or eleven years of age. We get an intimate picture of what was really important to the merchant class in that place at that time. One papyrus has nothing to do with the cloth trade. It is a draft letter of a mukdtab slave to the governor of Egypt. He had managed to save 600 dinars to pay off his debt for himself and his daughter to his mistress Umm al-Qasim bint Yahya, who was a mawla of Abdallah ibn Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. He asks the governor to lend him the remaining balance of 400 dinars so he can gain his and his daughter's freedom. We do not know whether his plea was successful, or even whether the letter was ever sent. Enough has been said to show that anyone interested in Arabic papyri ought to read Ragib's edition of these texts. However, everyone in medieval Arabic studies should have the experience of reading at least some papyri, even if the subject is not his primary interest. It will introduce him to a kind of Arabic that he will not find in more literary texts. This is a perfect collection on which to make a start.


Lachenmayer designed this decoration and the attractive vignettes which appear throughout the pages. He has also provided a reconstruction of the appearance of the city of Baia as it was in 1600 on the evidence of documents included in the volume as well as a number of maps of the lands of the Benedictines. A friend of the order, Dr. Jose Wanderley de Araiijo Pinho, has contributed a useful introduction in which the documents are considered in the light of the information which they give on a variety of subjects. As Dr. Wanderley Pinho shows, it would be difficult to overemphasize the importance of this material for the history of Baia. There is a whole body of facts bearing on the growth of the city from 1536, the year of the sesmaria granted to Diogo Alvares, until 1732, concentrating around the three centers of population—Barra, Vitoria and Gra9a. Mention is made in land grants, inventories and instruments of donation of old streets, squares and buildings and the characteristic Baian guindastes, ancestors of the modern elevators which connect the lower and upper parts of the city. Among the notations of houses the term sobrado, so typical of the architecture of the north of Brazil, is used as early as 1605. Casas de pedra are recorded in 1603. Seventeenth century slave prices are given and among the inventories of personal possessions appear such curious expressions as escouproz, serra brttfal, cofre de framengo uelho pequeno, bua palangana de me)a Cuzinha. The inevitable oriental note is struck in the reference to quinze perselanas da India of Gaspar Dias Barbosa, which in 1650 were appraised at 1200 reis. Genealogical data abounds on the Caramurii family, while mention is made of the famous Garcia de Avila, who early in the seventeenth century entrusted to the care of the Benedictines his well known chapel of Tatuapara, the illustrious family of Moniz Barreto, certain gentlemen of the great Cavalcanti de Albuquerque clan, and the family of Gregorio de Matos. These are details of special interest to urbanists, architectural and social historians, economists, and genealogists. There is much that concerns the student of land tenure, legal procedure and church history as well. With the three admirable indexes of persons, offices and other subjects and the clear printing and good paper which the Benedictines have used the task of consulting this large volume is greatly facilitated. In connection with the work of Dom Placido Staeb and his colleagues at Baia it is interesting to note the appearance this year of a study by a Benedictine of Rio de Janeiro, Dom Clemen te Maria da Silva Nigra, O. S. B., in the seventh issue of the Revista do Servifo do PatrimSnio Histdrico e Arthtico National corresponding to 1943. His article, based on investigation in the Benedictine archive of Rio de Janeiro, traces the history of the fazenda of Sao Bento in Iguagu, its constructions and some of its decoration and includes a list of the members of the order who administered the property from before 1640 to 1790. This study, of great value in itself because of the relation of the architecture of the establishment at Iguafjii to a number of other old fazendas in the region of Rio de Janeiro, calls attention to the importance of the Benedictine archive in the Brazilian capitol which has never been published in its entirety. That archive is certainly an outstanding candidate for inclusion in the new series of Benedictine publications of which the Livro Velho is the first distinguished volume to appear.


This is a study of the European Union (EU) development programme in Peru "Non-State Actors and Local Authorities in Development". The purpose of the study was to understand how governmentality is created and practiced in the programme. A Foucauldian perspective was applied to the analysis of how neo-liberal rationalities and techniques are practiced in the programme. The principal data collection method was interviews conducted with stakeholders involved in the programme, including officials at the EU delegation in Peru, European and Peruvian Non-State Actors as well as beneficiaries from civil society and sub divisions of government. In total 10 projects, funded by the programme were included in the study. Therefore, the study presents the voices of the beneficiaries themselves (civil society and local authorities) as well the donor (EU) and project implementers (Non-State Actors). Furthermore, data was collected through focus group interviews combined with participant observations. The study showed that the EU promotes rationalities of neo-liberal governmentality regarding what role Non-State Actors and Local Authorities are ought to play in EU development policy. These rationalities are applied through the Calls for Proposals which is being used by the EU as technique of neo-liberal governmentality to set the rules of the game. (Less)


As part of a cooperative effort of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) program, we have measured total CO 2 (TCO2) and total alkalinity (TA) along three sections in the northern Indian Ocean. One section through the Gulf of Aden to theArabian Sea is parallel to the coast ofYemen. One section is across theArabian Sea along the nominal 9N latitude and the other section is across the Bay of Bengal along the nominal 10N latitude. The measurements were performed on board R/V Knorr in September-October 1995. The primary purpose of this work is to understand the penetration of anthropogenic CO 2 along these ocean sections. Here, we present a novel approach to the calculation of anthropogenic CO 2 in the ocean based upon the fundamentals of water-sources mixing. Consequently, we e rst describe the observations and mixing of water-sources before we describe the quantie cation of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in these waters. The data show large spatial variations in surface seawater of both total CO2 (up to 50 µ mol kg 2 1 ) and total alkalinity (up to 40 µ mol kg 2 1 ). The variations are mainly associated with physical processes characterized by water masses of different temperature and salinity. For example, at depths we observed low TCO 2 concentration at longitude 54E 6 2E associated with the low-salinity water mass e owing northward. The contrasts between the sections across the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal emphasize the large property differences between the two ocean basins. Multiparametric analyses on the data clearly show the relative contributions of different water-sources in each of the ocean sections. The mixing coefficients calculated from the multiparametric analyses are further used to quantify anthropogenic CO 2 concentrations in each water-source. The results indicate that the surface water-sources contain 47.8, 42.1 and 50.4 µ mol kg 2 1 in the Gulf ofAden, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, respectively. In the surface waters there is slightly more anthropogenic CO 2 across the Bay of Bengal than across the Arabian Sea. In contrast, anthropogenic CO 2 has penetrated signie cantly deeper in the Gulf of Aden than in the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal.


The report covers the last phase of the development of a 1/6 scale(24ft) model of a unique mechanical ice cutting and ice displacement concept for clearing ice free channels at a full scale target speed of 5 knots in 2ft of fresh water ice. The mechanics of ice cutting are analyzed. The theoretical ice breaking and ice removing resistance is also modeled mathematically and scaling laws are included in the analysis. A recount of winter 1973 tests in a Pennsylvania Lake describes the instrumentation and data as well as the operation of an ice traction system used to replace conventional marine propulsion. Full scale performance and design are also predicted in detail. (Author)


The effects of translational kinetic energy of incident O2 molecules for intial Si (001) oxidation at room temperature have been investigated by using a supersonic molecular beam technique and photoemission spectroscopy. The oxygen saturation coverage on Si (001) surface increased with increasing the translational kinetic energy of O2. Two threshold energies, corresponding to the Si dimer backbond oxidation and the second layer (sub-surface) Si atoms backbond oxidation were observed at 1.0 eV and 2.6 eV, respectively. We clarified the relationship between the Si oxidation structure (Six+ , x=1, 2, 3, 4) in Si-2p photoemission spectra and the translational kinetic energy of O2 in the initial Si (001) oxidation.


A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during the kharif and rabi season of 2006–07 and 2007–08 with maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] cropping sequence to evaluate influence of four organic sources viz., control, Sesbania green manure, wheat straw and their combination and three levels of fertilizer N viz. 0, 60 and 120 kg/ha in maize and four levels of N viz. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha in succeeding wheat. Direct and residual effect of organic sources significantly affected the system productivity, quality, nutrient uptake, and soil quality of maize-wheat cropping sequence. Sesbania green manure in combination with wheat straw followed by Sesbania green manure alone recorded significant improvement in system productivity (12.5 tonne/ha), protein content of maize (8.51%) and wheat (10.24%) and N, P and K uptake of both the crops and the system. Addition of Sesbania green manure along with wheat straw improved the available N, P, K and organic carbon in soil to the tune of 25.3, 49.3, 5.9.and 11.9% over control, respectively. A significant response of fertilizer N up to 120 kg/ha was recorded on the system productivity, quality and nutrient uptake of maize and the residual effect of that also influenced significantly the NPK uptake by wheat and system as a whole. Wheat also responded significantly to direct application of fertilizer N for N and protein content in grain up to 80 kg/ha and up to 120 kg/ha in terms of nutrient uptake. It was concluded that integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of N is essential to achieve high productivity and quality of maize-wheat cropping system and to maintain soil fertility.


Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation in repeated social interactions. According to this literature, individuals naturally learn to adopt conditionally cooperative strategies if they have multiple encounters with their partner. Corresponding models have greatly facilitated our understanding of cooperation, yet they often make strong assumptions on how individuals remember and process payoff information. For example, when strategies are updated through social learning, it is commonly assumed that individuals compare their average payoffs. This would require them to compute (or remember) their payoffs against everyone else in the population. To understand how more realistic constraints influence direct reciprocity, we consider the evolution of conditional behaviors when individuals learn based on more recent experiences. Even in the most extreme case that they only take into account their very last interaction, we find that cooperation can still evolve. However, such individuals adopt less generous strategies, and they tend to cooperate less often than in the classical setup with average payoffs. Interestingly, once individuals remember the payoffs of two or three recent interactions, cooperation rates quickly approach the classical limit. These findings contribute to a literature that explores which kind of cognitive capabilities are required for reciprocal cooperation. While our results suggest that some rudimentary form of payoff memory is necessary, it already suffices to remember a few interactions.


Rhenium plays a critical role in single-crystal superalloys –its addition to first generation alloys improves creep life by a factor of at least two, with further benefits for fatigue performance. Its use in alloys such as PWA1484, CMSX-4 and Rene N5 is now widespread, and many in this community regard Re as the "magic dust". In this paper, the latest thinking concerning the origins of the "rhenium-effect" is presented. We start by reviewing the hypothesis that rhenium clusters represent barriers to dislocation motion. Recent atom probe tomography experiments have shown that Re may instead form a solid solution with Ni at low concentrations ( ′ interfaces, which require non-conservative climb and thus an associated vacancy flux.


Aimed at the problem of corner crack of medium carbon steel containing boron,by analyzing the boron content in concretion fluid slag blanket of casting powder,it was found that,when the boron content in steel is 0.001 3%,the percentage composition of B2O3in slag is 0.74%,and the viscosity of original slag specimen and fluid slag specimen is 0.122Pa·s and 0.12Pa·s(1 300 ℃),respectively.The content of borbon in steel has little influence on the performance of casting powder,and it is needless to design special casting powder for boron steel.The performance of original medium carbon casting powder has been optimized:Rincreases from 1.23to 1.27,viscosity decreases from 0.165Pa·s to 0.123Pa·s(1 300 ℃),melting speed increases from 22kg/h to 27kg/h,fusion point increases from 1 085 ℃to 1 155 ℃,and the corner crack of casting blank is obviously well controlled.


Noble metal nanoparticles due to their unique optical properties arising from their interactions with an incident light have been intensively employed in a broad range of applications. This review comprehensively describes fundamentals behind plasmonics, used to develop applications in the fields of biomedical, energy, and information technologies. Basic concepts (electromagnetic interaction and permittivity of metals) are discussed through Mie theory presented as the main model for interpreting phenomena of optical absorption and scattering. The effects of near‐field enhancement, shape, composition, and surrounding medium of nanoparticles on optical properties are described in detail. The review explores and identifies the potential of plasmonic nanoparticles based on their optical properties (e.g., light absorption, scattering, and field enhancement) for developing different applications (biomedical, energy and information technologies). Due to a significant impact of plasmonic nanoparticles on medicine and healthcare products and technologies, the review initially focuses on biomedical applications extensively benefited from optical features of these nanoparticles. Advantages of the optical properties outstandingly implemented are also briefly discussed in other applications, including energy and information technologies. This review concisely summarizes the explored areas based on plasmonic properties, compares advantages of plasmonic nanoparticles over other types of nanomaterials and highlights challenges.


Considering that the global correlation between images is very important for image co-segmentation, we propose a multi-scale Dual-Cross Correlation Network (DCNet) that can efficiently capture global matching information across images to obtain segmentation results. Specifically, the low-dimensional index feature is used to calculate the correlation and the highdimensional content features are combined with the correlation matrix for final segmentation. Meanwhile, we specially design a Dual-Cross Correlation Module (DCCM) which harvests the spatial and channel correlation with the adjacent pixels of another image on the cross path to enhance the representation of correlation efficiently. By utilizing a further loop operation, each feature can capture the global dependencies from all pixels of another feature. Furthermore, we fuse multi-scale correlation and features into the decoder, which is called Multi-scale Correlation Fusing Decoder (MCFD), to refine the final segmentation results. Moreover, we introduce a new dice loss function to train the whole network by averaging the dice loss value of the foreground and background. Finally, we validate our method on three cosegmentation benchmarks and the results show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we mainly investigate controlled fractional evolution hemivariational inequalities of degenerate type in Caputo and Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives of order in respectively. With the help of properties on fractional resolvent operators and generalised Clarke subdifferential, suitable concepts of solutions to addressed systems are formulated and existence results are established. And then, we present the existence of optimal state-control pairs for the limited Lagrange optimal systems governed by fractional evolution hemivariational inequalities of degenerate type. The optimal control results are attained by the compactness of some corresponding fractional resolvent operators.


0 ISAST Pergamon Journals Ltd Printed in Great Britain 0024 094X/86 $3 M)+O 00 LEONARDO, Vol. 19, NO. 4, pp. 320-321, difficult to grasp and frightening to many. Before grappling with the concept of an imaginary architecture (Fig. I ) , I should like to shed some light on two questions. First, what, if any, are the frontiers of architecture today, i.e. what is the state of the art and what might happen next? Second, is it reasonable to assume that technology and culture will continue to cross-fertilize each other in the production of architecture, art, music, literature, philosophy? Both questions are speculative and subject to debate.


1. the historical relationship between music and medicine; 2. specialization areas such as surgery and anesthesiology, psychiatry, neurology and neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, stomatology, and gerontology; 3. electroencephalographic studies in epilepsy and music, and sleep disorders; 4. studies of musicians whose interest in medicine caused them to become involved in the field, e.g., Cortot, Menuhin, and von Karayan; 5. case studies of musicians whose illness or disorder prevented them from continuing their musical careers, and how their treatments were handled; 6. studies of neurological diseases with symptoms connected to music, e.g., musicogenic epilepsy; 7. studies of personalities of great composers who suffered neurological or psychiatric disorders and how these disorders influenced their compositions, e.g., Ravel, Schumann; 8. studies of how composers' personalities affected their compositions; 9. psychoanalysis and music, psychiatry and music; and 10. why physicians have consistently shown an interest in music.


Numerical simulation is performed for liquid flow on a micro-structured hydrophobic surface, where liquid slip occurs due to the gas existing between the surface structures. The liquid-gas interface is calculated by a level-set method which is improved by employing a sharp-interface technique for accurately enforcing the no-slip and contact angle conditions at the fluid-solid interface as well as the velocity and stress matching conditions at the liquid-gas interface. The numerical results show that the liquid flow and friction reduction depend strongly on the contact angle, the gas-solid area ratio and the geometric parameters of microstructure.


Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Features Overview......................................................................................................................................... 1 Usage Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Models in pOWL's Store ................................................................................................................................ 3 Viewing and Editing Model Data .................................................................................................................... 4 Triples View................................................................................................................................................ 4 Database View ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Description Logic Axioms View .................................................................................................................. 6 Serialization View ....................................................................................................................................... 7 RDQL Querying Models................................................................................................................................. 7 Full-text Search Models ................................................................................................................................. 8 Observing Model Evolution ............................................................................................................................ 9 Use Case: Semantic Web Enhanced Content Management .......................................................................... 10 Structured Content ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Website Page Structure ............................................................................................................................... 12 Layout .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Rendered Website ....................................................................................................................................... 14 HTML Representation of Structured Content .............................................................................................. 15 Semantic Web Enhanced Search ................................................................................................................ 16 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 16


Objective: Neural prostheses are improving the quality of life for those suffering from neurological impairments. Electrocorticography electrodes located in subdural, epidural, and intravascular positions show promise as long-term neural prostheses. However, chronic implantation affects the electrochemical environments of these arrays. Methods: In the present work, the effect of electrode location on the electrochemical properties of the interface was compared. The impedances of the electrode arrays were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in vitro in saline and in vivo four-week postimplantation. Results: There was not a significant effect of electrode location (subdural, intravascular, or epidural) on the impedance magnitude, and the effect of the electrode size on the impedance magnitude was frequency dependent. There was a frequency-dependent statistically significant effect of electrode location and electrode size on the phase angles of the three arrays. The subdural and epidural arrays showed phase shifts closer to –90° indicating the capacitive nature of the interface in these locations. The impact of placing electrodes within a blood vessel and adjacent to the blood vessel wall was most obvious when looking at the phase responses at frequencies below 10 kHz. Conclusion: Our results show that intravascular electrodes, like those in subdural and epidural positions, show electrical properties that are suitable for recording. These results provide support for the use of intravascular arrays in clinically relevant neural prostheses and diagnostic devices. Significance: Comparison of electrochemical impedance of the epidural, intravascular, and subdural electrode array showed that all three locations are possible placement options, since impedances are in comparable ranges.


A chiral 2D In-MOF shows unique "turn on" luminescence towards thiols and acts as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for temperature upon incorporation of Eu3+.


Objective To investigate the detection rate of successful aging of elderly retired cadres in troops stationed in Shijiazhuang and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods The cross-sectional survey was performed for1086 male retired cadres over 80 years old during August 1 and December 16,2010 in troops stationed in Shijiazhuang.Results The detection rate of successful aging was 11.6% in elderly male veterans; smoking,drinking tea,regular exercise and participation of social activities significantly affect rate the successful aging rate(P 0.05).Conclusion The elderly veterans over 80 years old have the high detection rate of successful aging and good cognitive function because of a scientific lifestyle,diversified daily activities,good medical care and social environment.


The present invention is represented by Formula 1, the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing ester plasticizer and alkali metal salts and quaternary ammonium based salts having at least one ether bond simultaneously in the molecule and this the applied polarizing plate, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. Further, polarizing plates for acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition of the present invention, by the synergistic effect of the ester plasticizer and alkali metal salts and quaternary ammonium based salts having at least one ether bond, the antistatic performance more to improve, has excellent adhesion functionality and endurance reliability. In particular, through the addition of quaternary ammonium-based salts include weakly coordinating anion, and at the same time has excellent durability and reliability, to provide an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition further excellent in antistatic performance.


The conflicts between Hans Urs von Balthasar and his diocesan and religious superiors testify to tragedy rather than guilt on any one side. Elements in these conflicts were Balthasar's large literary output and the required censorship, his complex relationship to Adrienne von Speyr, and Balthasar's attempt to bind the Johanesgemeinschaft more closely to the Jesuit order.


Abstract Existing thermodynamic and vaporization data for liquid refractories are based either on estimates or on data extrapolated from studies on the solids obtained at much lower temperatures. Previously, we have shown that pulsed laser heating, coupled with time-dependent mass spectrometry of the free-expansion vapor plume, can be used for semi-quantitative measurements of vaporization thermochemistry. The present work extends this approach with the development of (a) more direct, and more accurate, methods for determining the system temperature and pressure; (b) improved experimental and theoretical determinations of key parameters such as ionization cross sections; and (c) improved characterization of the gas dynamic expansion and thermal equilibration processes. Example material systems considered include C, SiC, Al2O3, ZrO2—7%Y2O3, and Y2O3 at temperatures and total pressures typically in the range of 3000 to 5000 K and 0.01 to 10 bar, respectively (1 bar = 105 Nm-2).


Analysis of Fixed Asset Depreciation Method is an analysis of the sources and uses of xed assets and depreciation of xed assets. Revenue performance in 2008 PT.Kawasan Berikat Nusantara when compared with the budget has decreased by 93.65


A 24-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of mild abdominal pain and persistent fever of 38°C. The patient had pneumonia 5 years ago. Abdominal ultrasonography showed loculated and free ascites, increase in the mesenteric echogenicity and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT showed large amount of loculated viscous fluid and enhanced diffuse peritoneal thickening. Posteriorly displaced small bowel loops were detected (figure 1A,B). Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed multiple tubercles over the whole …


The utility model discloses a pumping unit control device and a system. The pumping unit control device comprises a frequency changer, a controller, a sensor, a communication port and an appliance switch; the sensor sends the running state information of the pumping unit to the controller; the communication port receives remote commands in an upper computer and sends the remote commands to the controller; the controller converts the running state information into control commands or data information according to setting programs loaded in the controller and generates the control commands according to the remote commands; the communication port receives data information and sends the data information to the upper computer; and the controller sends the control commands to the frequency changer or the appliance switch. In the utility model, by the mode of combining the automatic control and the remote control, the efficiency of oil production of the pumping unit is improved, the energy is saved, and remote and real monitoring on device running conditions are realized.


This article intends to analyse the diplomatic document that forgives infidelity throughout texts belonging to the Historical Archive in Malaga, and examines its diachronic development in Castille notarial formularies of the Middle Ages and the Modem Age.


This paper presents the application of particle swarm optimizat ion for gain tuning of integrated flight and propulsion control. For this purpose, an integrated simu lation of the aircraft body and the gas turbine engine is first developed. Conventional fuel controller for the aircraft engine and glide slope and velocity controllers for the aircraft body are then designed separately based on control requirements and constraints. Subsequently, the gains of the controllers are tuned by particle swarm optimization, where the tuning process is formu lated as an optimization problem. In th is approach, the pilot lever angle tracking and smooth and stable operation for the engine, as well as the glide angle tracking and the smooth variation of velocity in flight maneuver for the body, are considered as the objective functions to be optimized. Moreover, the effect of neighbor acceleration on optimization results is studied. The results show that the neighbor acceleration factor has a considerable effect on the convergence rate of the particle swarm process. Finally, the results obtained from the simulation of the optimized controllers for integrated flight and propulsion control confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its ability to design an optimal controllers resulting in an imp roved flight and propulsion performance wh ile ensuring protection against the physical limitations.


Chemical characterization of oxygenated organic compounds in gas-phase and particle-phase in the Pearl River Delta using Iodide-CIMS with FIGAERO

Chenshuo Ye1, Yi Lin2, Zelong Wang2, Tiange Li2, Caihong Wu2, Chaomin Wang2, Weiwei Hu3, Shan Huang2, Wei Song3, Xinming Wang3, Bin Yuan2*, Min Shao2,1**

1 College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing

2 Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou

3 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou

* e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com

** e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com

Abstract

The Pearl River Delta region (PRD) is a highly industrialized and urbanized area in southeastern China, strongly influenced by both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. The atmospheric processes in PRD involves the interactions between organics and inorganics, anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions, leading to the formation of various  secondary products. The iodide chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer installed with FIGAERO inlet was applied at an urban site in PRD region during the autumn of 2018, to measure a number of oxygenated organic compounds in both gas phase and particle phase. Using the dataset, we find: (1) Oxygenated organic compounds and N-containing organics accounted for the majority of detected species. The most abundant organics were formic acid and multifunctional organics containing 3-6 oxygens. Nitrophenols, dinitrophenols and organic nitrates derived from isoprene and monoterpenes made a substantial contribution to N-containing organics. (2) Isoprene oxidation products peaked in the afternoon, while monoterpene oxidation products and oxidized aromatics had various diurnal patterns due to their different chemical pathways during their formation processes. (3) We detected many biomass burning tracers previously described in the literature, among which levoglucosan, along with other monosaccharide derivatives and serval guaiacol derivatives, were highly correlated with each other, with their concentrations peaked during the harvest season for local crops. (4) Photochemical processes generally create smaller products of higher oxidation states, whereas nighttime chemistry plays an important role in producing larger molecule but less oxidized products particularly nitrogen-containing oxygenated organics. The variations of dominant atmospheric processes as well as the emissions of precursors lead to the variations of the bulk properties of secondary products.


BACKGROUND
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. And histoplasmosis is an invasive mycosis caused by the saprophytic dimorphic fungus H. capsulatum. In patients with primary SS (PSS), disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is extremely rare.

CASE SUMMARY
We report a 37-year-old female patient admitted to our hospital with exacerbating fatigue, somnolence, and pancytopenia as the main symptoms. She was eventually diagnosed with DH based on pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and findings of bone marrow smears. The atypical clinical symptoms made the diagnosis process more tortuous. Unfortunately, she died of respiratory failure on the day the diagnosis was confirmed.

CONCLUSION
We present a rare and interesting case of DH in a PSS patient. This case updates the geographic distribution of histoplasmosis in China, and expands the clinical manifestations of DH in PSS, highlighting the significance of constantly improving the understanding of PSS with DH.


This paper researches the demand of the land force's military equipment development for the effective management,discusses systematically the general development and features of the management information system,probes deeply into the workflow and information structure of the scientific research,analyzes the security policies of the system,and puts forward the solving scheme with the combination of the hardware and software.


Web service technology expands the role of the Web from a simple data carrier to a service provider. To sustain this role, some issues such as reliability continue to hurdle Web services widespread use, and thus need to be addressed. Autonomic computing seems offering solutions to the specific issue of reliability. These solutions let Web services self-heal in response to the errors that are detected and then fixed. Self-healing is simply defined as the capacity of a system to restore itself to a normal state without human intervention. In this paper, we design and implement a self-healing approach to achieve Web services reliability. Two steps are identified in this approach: (1) model a Web service using two behaviors known as operational and control, and (2) monitor the execution of a Web service using a control interface that sits between these two behaviors. This control interface is implemented in compliance with the principles of aspect-oriented programming and case-based reasoning.


Mixing efficiencyof standard oar is improved by installation of the mixer, whichis assessed bottom Baffleand loadedwith low viscosity fluid. But, with high viscosity fluid, the mixing efficiency is not improved obviously. Mixing efficiency for CBY is unimproved.


Observability is the necessary condition for determining the state variables of the network via state estimation. On the other hand, distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) is an efficient way to reduce the power loss of the distribution network that is fulfilled by changing the open/close state of remotely controlled switches. The study of the impact of observability constraint on the optimal feeder reconfiguration in an active distribution network including uncertain loads and photovoltaics (PVs) is the issue addressed in this paper. There is a measurement infrastructure for observability of the network based on micro phasor measurement units $(\mu\mathrm{PMU})$. To perform the study the genetic algorithm (GA) is employed and the simulation are implemented on the benchmark 33-bus distribution network. The simulations revealed that the observability constraint may take the solution of the feeder reconfiguration slightly out of the optimal point when few $\mu\mathrm{PMUs}$ are available.


A cationic polyelectrolyte with a high density charge, its average molecular weight was 2.60×10 6 and cationic character reached 45%, adsorbed on the particles with the adsorption pattern of static electricity gravitation between the cationic groups and the clay surface with negative charges. It could be neutralize the ζ potential of clay particle surface to 0 mV and keep with 0 mV, and make the capillary suction time of oily sludge reduce to 100~200 s and finally make it chemical destabilization, but also make the fine grains(diameter under 20 μm) be effectively flocculated and swept away. The flocculating reaction kinetics of cationic polyelectrolyte to solid particles of oily sludge was made certain as second order reactions.


What is property? Property is just one construction of social life,which shows a mode of most great creation.In marriage,one should comprehend the system of marital property from the value of law,then catch the property's implication.As significant human capitals,diploma license have been become more and more important in marriage.The property characterization of diploma license make the necessity of taking into consideration of including them to be marital property.


305-Pos Board B105 A Coarse-Grained Model for Unfolded Proteins Ali Ghavami, Erik Van der Giessen, Patrick Onck. There is increasing evidence that natively-unfolded proteins play a key role in many important biological processes, including nucleocytoplasmic transport. In this work we propose an implicit solvent one-bead per amino-acid coarse-grained molecular dynamics model to study the characteristics of unfolded proteins. Experimentally-obtained Ramachandran plots for the coil regions of proteins are converted into distributions of pseudo-bond and pseudo-dihedral angles between neighboring alpha-carbons in the polypeptide chain. These are then used to derive bending and torsion potentials, which are residueand sequence-specific. We show that the radius of gyration of denatured proteins can be well predicted by the developed potentials. Figure 1 shows the radius of gyration (Rg) as a function of the number of residues (N) for a range of denatured proteins. Both our simulation results and experimental data can be well fitted to a power-law relation with a similar exponent. The experimental data are slightly overestimated, which could be explained by the presence of hydrophobic clusters and residual structures for the used experimental conditions. In future work our model will be extended to include hydrophobic and electrostatic effects as well.


Herein, we report that molecular aluminium complexes of the bis(imino)pyridine ligand, (PhI2P2−)Al(THF)X, X = H (1), CH3 (2), promote selective dehydrogenation of formic acid to H2 and CO2 with an initial turnover frequency of 5200 turnovers per hour. Low-temperature reactions show that reaction of 1 with HCOOH affords a complex that is protonated three times: twice on the PhI2P2− ligand and once to liberate H2 or CH4 from the Al-hydride or Al-methyl, respectively. We demonstrate that in the absence of protons, insertion of CO2 into the Al-hydride bond of 1 is facile and produces an Al-formate. Upon addition of protons, liberation of CO2 from the Al-formate complex affords an Al-hydride. Deuterium labelling studies and the solvent dependence of the reaction indicate that outer sphere β-hydride abstraction supported by metal–ligand cooperative hydrogen bonding is a likely mechanism for the C–H bond cleavage.


Coated thermoelectric refrigeration is a means of infrared stealth for target. The study on the infrared characteristic of target that coated with thermoelectric refrigeration is the foundation for infrared stealth technology coated with thermoelectric refrigeration. The infrared characteristic model of target coated with thermoelectric refrigeration was established considering of complex energy exchange of target on the sea and the structure and transfer character of thermoelectric refrigeration. Analyze the effect of current and hot-side transfer coefficient on the surface temperature of target by making corresponding program. Depending on the target and background temperature consistent standard, ideal current in a day was designed.


The utility model discloses a clamp for an eccentric crankshaft of a lathe, particularly relates to a special clamp which is used for machining the eccentric crankshaft, and aims to solve the problem and provide the clamp which is suitable for machining crankshafts with different eccentricities. The adopted scheme is that: a receiving disk is fixed on the right side of a main shaft of a machine tool through screws; a clamp body is fixed on the right side of the receiving disk through screws; a push rod passes through the hollow main shaft of the machine tool and is connected to the right side of a hydraulic pull rod of the machine tool through push rod screws; an elastic sleeve is coaxially arranged on the right side of the push rod; the push rod and the elastic sleeve are together sleeved in a moving body; the right end face of the moving body is provided with a cover; an eccentric crankshaft is sleeved in inner cavities of the push rod, the elastic sleeve and the cover; the moving body is sleeved in a cavity on the right side of the clamp body; the upper part of the moving body is fixed to a pressing block through an adjusting pad; the pressing block is fixed to the upper half part on the right side of the clamp body through screws; and a gap is reserved between the bottom of the moving body and the clamp body. The clamp can be applied to the field of machining the eccentric crankshaft.


Pivotable center arm (2) for a motor vehicle having a cushion body (3) and with a in the pad body (3) integrated slot (104, 204), the at least two drinking vessel brackets (105, 205), characterized in that the receptacle (104 , 204) having an upper, rigid cover member (40) and a lower elastically deformable wall section (52) which is formed of a resilient plastic material.


Abstract : Time series encountered in engineering applications typically contain strongly periodic behavior because of the dynamics of the underlying physical system. Several different approaches are being used to model this type of time series. However, in the time series literature there is little agreement about the appropriateness of alternative models. (Author)


The HEGRA collaboration has observed Mkn 421 with the Cherenkov telescope CT1 for more than 200 hours in 1999/2000, partly during moonshine. During this time some strong flares have been observed. The lightcurve and the spectrum are presented.


Detailed regional stratigraphic analysis by Zaitlin et al. (2002) shows that the Basal Quartz (BQ) is composed of at least four unconformity-bounded, incised-valley systems, namely (from oldest to youngest): 1) A-sands, 2) Horsefly, 3) Bantry-Alderson-Taber (BAT), and 4) Ellerslie (Fig. 1). This study describes the distribution of the valley-filling BAT unit in south-central Alberta, Canada (Townships 7-18; Ranges 11-25W4) and provides a comprehensive description of the palaeogeography of the sequence, including the complex assemblage of trunk and tributary valleys. A detailed analysis of the controls on the development of the planform geometry of the valley network is also given.


Advances in a nation's Science and Technology (S&T) play a decisive role in the development of its society and the improvement of the quality of life among its population. Over the last few decades the products of these developments, along with advances in the area of Information Technology (IT) in themselves, have provided for the formation of larger S&T databases. In this context, the area of IT witnessed the development of the area of Extraction of Knowledge and Data Mining (DM) methods, with the aim of transforming masses of data into knowledge. The chief objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate the viability and utility of DM techniques in the elucidation of knowledge through the information found in S&T bases. To this end, DM techniques are applied in the process of evaluating research groups. By means of non-supervised grouping (Kohonen Neural Network), this study has divided research groups into five classes, according to criteria utilized in an evaluation algorithm with parameters. The result points to coherence of classification and, due to the nature of the neural technique utilized, it was possible to elucidate the exploratory rules (Association Rules) that textually describe the characteristics of the classes found by the neural algorithm. As the principal contribution, the dissertation offers means both for exploratory work based on S&T and for enhancing the set of tools currently available in processes of S&T evaluation and management.


Survey international guidelines and regulations to accessibility 'of the Web to illustrate the problems inherent in, the case is presented of the service areas Aessedi, a significant repository of experience-based training tools available, accessible and reusable.