Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periurethral prostatic calculi on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at the initial visit and after treatment with an alpha-blocker in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: A total of 223 male patients with LUTS were studied. Group 1 consisted of 81 patients with periurethral prostatic calculi within 5mm from the prostatic urethra of the transitional zone, as determined by transrectal ultrasound. Group 2 consisted of 142 patients without periurethral prostatic calculi within 5mm from the prostatic urethra. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post voided residual urine (PVR) were measured in patients of both groups at the beginning of the study and at eight weeks after the treatment with 4mg doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS). Results: Voiding, storage and the total IPSS for Group 1 patients were higher than for Group 2 patients (p<0.05). Quality of life (QoL), Qmax, and PVR were not significantly different at the initial visit. After treatment with 4mg doxazosin GITS, an improvement of voiding, storage and the total IPSS for Group 2 patients was seen as compared to Group 1 patients (p<0.05). The mean improvement of QoL was 0.44±0.73 for group 1 patients and 1.13±0.82 for group 2 patients (p<0.001). The mean change of Qmax was 1.02±1.40ml/sec for Group 1 patients and 1.52±1.84ml/sec for Group 2 patients (p=0.035). Changes of PVR were not significant between the two groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that the periurethral prostatic calculi may aggravate lower urinary tract symptoms and decrease the effect of alphablockers. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:237-241) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


In this text we'll put the focal point on introducing the structure form,teaching function,teaching application mode and the questions being paid attention to in teaching practice of the system.


The study explored the influence of self-construals, a well-investigated and important dimension of culture, on the process of feeling and responding to hurt. Participants responded to a survey measuring self-construals, overall hurt feelings, mood, attributions, and relational consequences. The findings revealed that interdependence was positively associated with hurt feelings, but found no support for the relationship between independence and hurt. Independence was associated with positive moods subsequent to receipt of a hurtful message, whereas greater negative moods were related to higher degrees of interdependence. Independence was related to greater potential for using assertive responses. Finally, higher degrees of interdependence were related to the perception of greater strain on the relationship. The results, taken as a whole, demonstrate that the way in which people experience hurtful messages is influenced, in part, by specific cultural values. As such, the way self is construed in relation to the environment must be taken into consideration in future theorizing on hurt in interpersonal relationships.


Gated Community is a private housing area, which originally had a public domain. Areas that were previously accessible, such as roads, open spaces, and parks, are limited by the provision of fences. Gated Community includes several categories in establishing an elite housing. That category includes lifestyle, prestige, and security. The Gated community were divided into several groups, namely large scale groups, medium scale, and small scale. The purpose of the researches is to discover the characteristics and reviewing the preferences of the small scale Gated Community residents in Medan City. The independent variable is the internal and external factor of housing preferences, which contains demographic factors, socio-economic factors, and cultural factors. The dependent variable is the individualistic level of Gated Community residents such as education, income, ethnic, religion, and the age of household. The research methodology is using a quantitative descriptive method, while the data collection method is by using interview and questionnaire approaches. The main goal of this research is to find the housing preference of Gated Community residents which indicate the habitant preferences and characteristic. While according to the researcher, the result may aim towards to more closed environments and more distinct cultures.


Madhu Krishnan retraces how Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart helped inaugurate contemporary African literature as we know it, and examines the ways that contemporary African novelists are trying to smash the image of Africa as a monolith—even as their works sometimes play into efforts to stereotype what Africa "means."


Background
Mobile technology is a novel approach for delivering continuing medical education (CME), with numerous advantages including lower costs and the ability to reach larger numbers than traditional in-person CME workshops.

Methods
From May 2015 to May 2017, we conducted two randomized controlled trials in a phased approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile CME (mCME) approach for two cadres of health professionals in Vietnam. The first randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested the use of an SMS-based educational intervention among Community-Based Physician's Assistants; while feasible and acceptable, this intervention failed to improve medical knowledge among participants. Given the failure of the first RCT, and drawing on qualitative work conducted with participants at the conclusion of the trial, various modifications were employed in the second RCT conducted among HIV specialist physicians in Vietnam. Version 2.0 of the mCME intervention did lead to significant improvement in medical knowledge among intervention participants. Here, we discuss in detail the development of an mCME platform and the experiential "lessons learned" during two phases of implementation.

Results
Numerous lessons were learned during implementation, including the importance of: (I) mixed methods approaches; (II) an underlying theoretical framework for behavior change projects; (III) expertise in software programming; (IV) aligning educational content to a well-defined participant population; and (V) engaging and motivating adult learners. We also discuss the critical importance of projects with local ownership and investment that are relevant to local problems.

Conclusions
mHealth approaches for continued healthcare training and education is increasingly relevant in many low-resource settings, the lessons learned here will be valuable to other organizations looking to scale-up similar mHealth-type educational programmes.


In the last part of the treatise Diversarum hereseon liber (from chapter 128 to 156), Filastrius of Brescia presents heresies based on the erroneous exegesis of the various biblical texts of the Old Testament. The author of the article discusses several examples of the exegesis considered by Filastrius to be heretical, and wonders whether they indeed had signs of heresy and whether they could pose a significant threat to ecclesiastical orthodoxy. In the light of the examined texts, the Bishop of Brescia appears as a follower of the allegorical exegesis. As for the whole of the Alexandrian tradition from Origen, the overriding criterion of orthodox interpretation of the Scriptures was a spiritual advantage (utilitas spiritalis, scientia caelestis, scientia salutaris). If the proposed interpretation of the biblical text not carried out for such spiritual benefit, it was designated by the Bishop of Brescia as heretical, even if it did not materially harm the doctrinal truths contained in the Rule of the Church's faith.


Objective:To study the relationship between Gardnerella vaginalis and urinary tract infection in males.Methods:Gardnerella vaginalis DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction.Results:The urine samples of 23 cases were positive in that 122 cases. The positive rate was 18.9%.Conclusion:Gardnerella vaginalis play a role in urinary tract infection in males.


The variation of conductivity in the effluent plume for a paper mill discharge on Lake Superior was studied to provide data for predictive models. The study included measurements of local winds and currents which were analyzed and related to the plume's location. To determine the spatial distribution of the plume, a statistical one-dimensional model relating plume conductivity and distance from the outfall and a two-dimensional phenomenological model assuming eiliptically shaped isopleths were developed. It was found that chemical constituents of the plume can be expressed as linear functions of conductivity. The models thus enable the definition of the lake area affected by the effluent chemicals for different wind conditions.


Out of the many options available for thermal simulation of digital electronic systems, those based on solving an RC equivalent circuit of the thermal network are the most popular choice in the EDA community, as they provide a reasonable tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. HotSpot, in particular, has become the de-facto standard in these communities, although other simulators are also popular. These tools have many benefits, but they are relatively inefficient when performing thermal analysis for long simulation times, due to the occurrence of a large number of redundant computations intrinsic in the underlying models. This work shows how a standard description language, namely SystemC and its analog and mixed-signal (AMS) extension, can be used to successfully simulate the equivalent thermal network, by achieving accuracy comparable to existing simulators, yet with much better performance. Results show that SystemC-AMS thermal simulation can outpace HotSpot simulation by 10X to 90X, with speedup improving as the size of the thermal network increases, and negligible estimation error. As a further advantage, the adoption of the same language to describe functionality and temperature allows the simultaneous simulation of both dimensions with no co-simulation overhead, thus enhancing the overall design flow.


the inferior part of the glenoid: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15:759-763. 6. Parada SA, Eichinger JK, Dumont GD, et al. Accuracy and reliability of a simple calculation for measuring glenoid bone loss on 3-dimensional computed tomography scans. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(1):84-92. 7. Shaha JS, Cook JB, Song DJ, et al. Redefining ''critical'' bone loss in shoulder instability: functional outcomes worsen with ''subcritical'' bone loss. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(7):1719-1725. 8. Sugaya H, Moriishi J, Dohi M, Kon Y, Tsuchiya A. Glenoid rim morphology in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(5):878-884.


Growth conditions for pure and Al-doped Tb3Ga5O12 garnet crystals by the Czochralski method have been established. The growth protective atmosphere, changes in the lattice parameters with various dopant concentrations, segregation coefficient of Al in Tb3Ga5 xAlxO12 crystal, absorption and transmission spectra in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm as well as the Faraday rotation and magneto-optical figure of merit in 532 nm are investigated. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


A theoretical relationship was derived among the number of trials averaged (N), initial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and correlation coefficient (r). The validity of this relationship was tested with a simulated signal with different amounts of noise. By selecting 0.95 as an acceptable r value, the adequate average number could be determined for different SNR conditions.


Hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) and multidrug resistant bacteria pose a significant threat to the U.S. healthcare system. With a dearth of new antibiotic approvals, novel antimicrobial strategies are required to help solve this problem. Violet‐blue visible light (400–470 nm) has been shown to elicit strong antimicrobial effects toward many pathogens, including representatives of the ESKAPE bacterial pathogens, which have a high propensity to cause HAIs. However, phototherapeutic solutions to prevention or treating infections are currently limited by efficient and nonobtrusive light‐delivery mechanisms.


DIR Floortime Therapy is a social pragmatic approach used to help children with autism develop stronger verbal and social skills. Dr. Stanley Greenspan determined there were six milestones all children must master in order to develop appropriate language and social skills. DIR Floortime Therapy engages with the child through play in order to create a naturalistic environment that helps children achieve these milestones. While the approach is not evidence based, several studies have been conducted using DIR Floortime Therapy to strengthen language and social skills in young children with autism. The majority of these studies found a greater increase in the participants' language and social skills. The study that did not find an increase in language, did see greater joint attention and enjoyment in social interactions. These two factors are predictors of language which possibly points to the assumption that with a longer period of DIR Floortime Therapy, these children would eventually improve their language skills. Moreover, while DIR Floortime is not evidence-based, the Early Start Denver Model, whose foundation is based on DIR Floortime, was deemed evidence-based. This model targets mostly toddlers in hopes that intensive early intervention of this therapy could significantly decrease autism symptoms, enabling these children to progress socially and verbally at a similar rate to their typically developing peers. Perhaps with further research DIR Floortime therapy will be found as an evidence-based practice to increase positive social interactions and language skills in young children diagnosed with autism. DIR Floortime Therapy 2 Overview of DIR Floortime Therapy The strategies used to instruct children with developmental delays, especially autism spectrum disorder fall into two categories: behavioral and social-pragmatic. While the two approaches are different, their foundations share key characteristics: early intensive intervention, strategic direction, and structured programs. ABA (applied behavior analysis) is the most common behavioral approach used for individuals with autism. Under this approach, behavior is shaped through operant learning (modifying behavior through reinforcement) (Prizant & Wetherby, 1998). The most common method of intervention using a social-pragmatic approach is DIR Floortime Therapy, developed by psychiatrist Stanley Greenspan. He figured that by creating an intervention based on developing relationships, he could teach children with developmental delays socialization skills, improve language, develop joint attention, and decrease repetitive movements (Solomon, Necheles, Ferch, & Bruckman, 2007). He determined that there are six milestones all children must master for healthy emotional and intellectual growth: "self-regulation and interest in the world; forming relationships, attachment and engagement; two-way, purposeful communication; behavioral organization, problem solving and internalization; representational capacity; and representational differentiation" (Solomon et al., 2007, p. 11). He hypothesized that children would be more likely to reach their emotional and intellectual potential if instruction started at their developmental level and then teachers used the children's strengths to better their skills. Through this type of teaching and as the children mature emotionally and intellectually, their communication skills would increase as well (Greenspan & Wieder, 2006). So while DIR Floortime therapy can be used to teach typically and atypically developing children since it simply uses the children's strengths and interest to stimulate their emotions and intellect, it became a popular technique to instruct children with emotional DIR Floortime Therapy 3 disabilities, mental health challenges, developmental delays, and autism spectrum disorder (Haan, n.d.). DIR Floortime was created based on the DIR model (Developmental, Individualdifferences, and Relationship-based) which illustrates child development and helps adults understand how to support growing children (Haan, n.d.). Since DIR Floortime bases its foundation on starting at the child's level and building on his/her strengths, the approach has the adult physically work with the child at his/her level—the floor. Then instead of having the mentor initiate the interaction, the mentor enters the child's play. So the child determines the framework of the therapy, and the adult uses these activities to strengthen communication. Typically parents and therapists appreciate DIR Floortime therapy because it can be done in the child's natural environment and embedded in the daily routine. So through training, parents can implement the therapy with their children which not only decreases the cost of therapy, but also strengthens the parent-child relationship. The first step of the intervention is to engage the child using their interests in order to bring them into "our world." A way this can be done is by having the adult simply copy the child's actions. For example, if the child is banging a lego on the floor, the mentor might join the individual by tapping a toy on the floor as well. Then the adult might engage the child a little more by giving the child another lego, or providing some commentary to add language. The same technique can be applied to older children as well, but perhaps instead of banging a lego on the floor, the older child might be interested in building train tracks. So in order to enter that child's world, the adult might suggest adding a drawbridge to the track so the child's play is being expanded, but it is still based on the individual's interest (Autism Speaks, 2016). DIR Floortime Therapy 4 DIR Floortime Experiments In a study done by Michigan University, Solomon et al. (2007) determined the effectiveness of the PLAY Model (Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters). This project's framework was based on the DIR Floortime model, to study whether a social-pragmatic approach can improve the functioning skills of children with autism. The children chosen for the experiment had to be older than eighteen months but less than six years of age. They also had to have a diagnosis of autism, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS), or Asperger syndrome. They also could not have a severe medical disability. The children had to live within 60 miles of a home consultant, and receiving no other type of intensive therapy. Overall, 68 children were chosen to participate in the study. Ten had severe autism, twenty-two had moderate autism, eighteen had mild autism, fourteen had PDD-NOS, and three were diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (Solomon et al., 2007). Consultants worked with the families once a month for 3-4 hours, training the parents how to provide the therapy. The parents also received a one-day training that discussed the PLAY Project and DIR Floortime model. The parents were taught these skills in order to provide therapy to their child for at least 15 hours a week, through either structured play periods or embedded into the daily routine. The parents were required to record the number of hours their child received therapy per week (Solomon et al., 2007). To determine the effectiveness of the PLAY Project, the participants were given the Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS) before and after the intervention was provided. The FEAS determined the functional level of the child based on Greenspan's six developmental levels. Overall, 45.5% of the participants scored "good" to "very good" functional developmental progress. The consultants also used clinical ratings to determine the functional DIR Floortime Therapy 5 development level of these children. It was found that 52% of the children made very good clinical progress, and 14% made good progress. While it was not statistically significant, researchers discovered that the more hours during the week a child received therapy, the higher the outcome scores were for that child. After therapy the parents were given the opportunity to rate their satisfaction with the PLAY Project. From the 68 families who participated, 74% completed the satisfaction survey. Seventy percent were very satisfied with the PLAY Project, 10% were satisfied, and 20% were somewhat satisfied. No family, however, was unsatisfied with their child's progress using the intervention. Another important aspect of this project was the cost. While the typical therapies for autism (Applied Behavior Analysis, Pivotal Response Therapy, Verbal Behavior Therapy) cost between $25,000-$60,000 a year, the PLAY Project only costs $2,500 a year. This extreme difference might be a deciding factor for many families (Solomon et al., 2007). While the experiment did appear successful in strengthening the participants' functional skills, there were some limitations to the study. For instance, there was no control group used in the experiment, so it was impossible to claim that the changes seen in the children's pre and post FEAS scores were directly caused by the PLAY Project interventions. Also since it was found that the more hours of intervention a child received, the higher the functional developmental scores were, this possibly indicates that parent involvement and time was more important than the actual therapy. The researchers agreed that further studies need to be done to determine if the DIR Floortime framework is an effective strategy to use with children with autism. However, the strong results from this pilot study highly suggests that the DIR Floortime framework is successful in increasing the functional levels of children with autism (Solomon et al., 2007). DIR Floortime Therapy 6 Another study by Casenhiser, Shanker, and Stieben (2011) used the DIR Floortime framework to compare social and communication skills of young children with autism. They used the Milton and Ethel Harris Research Initiative treatment program [MEHRIT] (an intervention based on the DIR principles)


Two children with mental retardation, choreoathetosis, dystonia, and muscle rigidity are reported. They had a history of severe hyperbilirubinemia after birth as a result of Rh isoimmunization. The history and clinical picture suggested the diagnosis of kernicterus. The magnetic resonance imaging examination showed a bilateral signal intensity increase in the globus pallidus on T2-weighted images. Additionally, our patients showed symmetric bilateral hyperintensity and volume loss in the hippocampus, which is known to be another characteristic area of bilirubin deposition in kernicterus.


mrs jack a biography of isabella stewart gardner is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the mrs jack a biography of isabella stewart gardner is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The opinion of others has always been an important element in the process of making decisions. With the advent of the Internet, and in particularly, social networks, the amount of comments from users, regarding the quality of services and products, has increased exponentially. Following this, information began to have an increasing importance for users. Now, a user looks for more information before making a decision about a service or product, by using reviews and the opinions of others. The in uence that the opinion of others exert, resulted in an increasing interest for tools capable of opinion mining. Often, we can nd these opinions on social networks, where the challenge of unstructured text must be dealt. The work presented in this thesis proposes a set of tools to extract information from subjective text, using Natural Language Processing techniques and Text Mining approaches. As such, a library containing a set of tools for opinion mining was developed. The supported languages are English and Portuguese. As mentioned, the work focuses on text extracted from social networks, which is characterized as being unstructured text. Often it does not respect the syntactic rules of the language and contains spelling errors. Furthermore, while there are challenges concerning the handling of unstructured text in both languages, one of the major challenges was the development of tools for the Portuguese language, since there are relatively fewer resources available. This was re ected in the results, where the Portuguese results were always lower than those achieved by the English tools. All tools developed during this project are integrated with the platform Wizdee and are prepared for its use in commercial products.


Significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties to a consumer contract term is, together with good faith, a fundamental pillar of substantive protection against unfair terms. It is the primary tool provided by Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts with a view to mitigating differences in bargaining power between professional traders and consumer on the ever-expanding capitalistic market within the EU. The paper comprehensively reviews the meaning of the "significant imbalance" element by reference to a cross-section of judgments handed by the CJEU and Polish courts. Generally, albeit with a few notable exceptions, the former court has engaged in a subjective-objective exercise aimed at discovering what the balance of rights and obligations would have been between the parties in the particular dispute at hand had it not been for the purportedly unfair clause. Besides that, the requirement has been utilized to impose ad bolster a host of information duties levied on traders so that protection is extended to cases where the consumer is unaware of their rights or are deterred from enforcing them due to procedural obstacles or prohibitive costs of judicial or administrative proceedings. The requirement of significant balance, rooted in the idea that the disproportion of market power between the parties to a disputed term necessitates government or judicial intervention to achieve or restore contractual equilibrium, is shown from a plethora of angles: its ideological foundations, practical connotations, its emphasis on consumer vulnerability and approach to economic power. Assistance and inspiration re gleaned from Polish jurisprudence where numerous questions either unanswered by the CJEU or left to the consideration of national courts, particularly the relation between reasonableness, on the one hand, and significant imbalance and good faith on the other, as well as between significant imbalance and good faith, have been tackled.


May 2020 For more than a decade now, I have been active in advocat ing for the greater involve ment of women within the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTTS) organization. I see my work with Women in Microwaves (WIM)/ Women in Engineer ing (WIE) as a key means for boosting the number of female IEEE Members by increasing the visibil ity of women in engineering and creating both networking and mentoring opportunities. It all began back in 2009 when a col league at AWR Corporation, which I had joined in the summer of 2007, sug gested I get involved with the Steer  ing Committee for the International Microwave Symposium (IMS) being held in Anaheim, California, in 2010. I said, "Sure, let's do it," and then, at the first meeting I attended, I quickly found myself not only on the Micro  Apps committee but organizing the WIM reception as well (Figure 1). Having been unaware of the WIM reception taking place at prior IMS events, I was intrigued to learn more and broaden the awareness and reach for other women. Through my efforts and those of other inspiring leaders like Dominique Schreurs, Wenquan "Cherry" Che, and Rashaunda Henderson, WIM networking events have become more prevalent at many MTTS con ferences globally, from IMS in North America to European Microwave Week (EuMW) in Europe and the Asia– Pacific Microwave Con  ference (APMC) in the Asia–Pacific region, to name just a few. I'm particularly proud of how IMS WIM activi ties, which originated as a handful of women gathering in a windowless convention cen ter room for a 2h social reception, have grown into a full program that embraces keynote addresses, guest speakers, and a panel discussion, as well as a vibrant, standingroom only networking reception. My initial work with the IMS WIM event has blos somed into 10 years of advocating for WIM/WIE in a plethora of global pan els and networking events, both inside and outside the MTTS, that are helping to empower women to network and support each other. From the IMS, EuMW, APMC, International Microwave and RF Co n f e r e n c e, a nd I nt e r n at io n a l Together We Can Grow WIM: Show Up, Speak Up, Step Up


Passenger railways account for about one-third of all travel within Hong Kong. High population density and scarcity of land in Hong Kong has shaped specific transportation requirements to make effective use of scarce land and capital resources. The best approach to support the growing community will be integrated land use and transportation planning that can lead to reduced dependence on the private car, improve accessibility to public transit and encourage public transit use while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The article examines the role technological innovations play in utilizing information and knowledge based services for the benefit of the customer and, therefore, the business. The integration of these technologies into larger structural improvement initiatives is seen to further strengthen and compliment the system's ability to meet and exceed customer expectations.


In a manufacturing industry, there are many operations performed on daily basis which may be automatic or manual. Welding is one of them specifically spot welding which is nowadays an inevitable part of manufacturing industry and specifically an industry which is manufacturing parts from sheet metal. This industry requires high production machines with higher reliability. Basically, in spot welding there is no need of skilled labor in small industry and only factor which must be considered is the skill of setting up initial setup of machine for welding the specific part. Now this is not something which deals with setting up the jigs and fixtures because this is manual machine and setup means setting up different welding parameters according to requirement of material of part.


Huang Ting-jian creates his amorous poetry,out of his Zen Buddhist redemptive compassions.First,it is derived from his Buddhism-related experience and expertise,especially the hard-edged Huanglong School.Second,it relates to Buddhist attitude towards womanhood and to the influence of undifferentiated treatment of "golden mean" by Zen Buddhism.Third,it springs from his individual poetics,which has been highly informed by Zen Buddhism.Chen Shan,Zhu Xi and others from the Southern Song dynasty are highly affirmative of Huang Ting-jian's painstaking charity efforts.


antigens of the red blood cells of a number of species of pigeons and doves serological properties which exhibit varying degrees of interrelationships In addition to antigenic specificities shared in common, the respective species of pigeons and doves have been shown to possess specificities to the exclusion of one or more other species. In certain instances, it been established that the cellular antigens of a particular species, in contrast to the cellular antigens of one or more other species, are polygenically determined The application of the methods of both genetics and serology have shown that the species-specific cellular antigens are comprised of several components each of which is inherited as a unit character and is, presumably, determined by a single gene or two or more closely linked genes. A cellular antigen which is inherited as a unit is defined as a unit antigen. The unit antigens derived from any one species are, in general, serologically distinct. However, a unit antigen characteristic of a particular species may share serological properties with a unit antigen characteristic of one or more other species.


The great modern crimes are public crimes. To a degree the same can be said of the past, but the growth of political power has introduced a scale of massacre and despoliation that makes the efforts of private criminals, pirates, and bandits seem truly modest. Public crimes are committed by individuals who play roles in political, military, and economic institutions. (Because religions are politically weak, crimes committed on their behalf are now rare.) Yet unless the offender has the originality of Hitler, Stalin, or Amin, the crimes don't seem to be fully attributable to the individual himself. Famous political monsters have moral personalities large enough to transcend the boundaries of their public roles; they take on the full weight of their deeds as personal moral property. But they are exceptional. Not only are ordinary soldiers, executioners, secret policemen, and bombardiers morally encapsulated in their roles, but so are most secretaries of defense or state, and even many presidents and prime ministers. They act as office-holders or functionaries, and thereby as individuals they are insulated in a puzzling way from what they do: insulated both in their own view and in the view of most observers. Even if one is in no doubt about the merits of the acts in question, the agents seem to have a slippery moral surface, produced by their roles or offices.


Society & Culture[1] Society & Culture[1]Ancient DNA [2]Vikings [3]Iceland [4]Videnskab.dk [5] Scientists have mapped genetic material from the first generations of Icelanders, whose DNA appears to be more closely matched to present day Norwegians than their Icelandic descendants. Around 870 CE, Norsemen crossed the North Atlantic to reach Iceland, which they spent the next five decades colonising. Today, 1,100 years later, an international team of scientists have mapped the genetic material of these first generation Icelanders and they can now see how the Icelandic population has changed between then and now. "You're looking at the creation of the population," says geneticist Tom Gilbert from the Natural History Museum of Denmark at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He is one of the co-authors of the new study published in Science [6]. The genetic material gives an insight into both the evolutionary mechanisms operating in a small, isolated population, as well as the history of the original population. "It's a really interesting study that confirms what we already know from historical sources, but also adds something new to the picture," says Matthew Driscoll, an expert in Icelandic language and literature at the Arnamagnaean Institute at the University of Copenhagen. Driscoll was not involved with the study. Professor Mikkel Heide Schierup from the Department of Bioinformatics at Aarhus University, Denmark, is also enthusiastic about the study. "Iceland's history is fascinating and here we have direct evidence of how the original population were and what has happened since," says Schierup, who was also not involved in the study. Read More: See where the Vikings travelled[7]


This paper aimed to study the effects of soybean-oligosaccharids on,the total number of sheep rumen bacteria,the number of cellulolytic bacteria,methanogen and the number of rumen protozoa.Nine sheep with permanent rumianl cannulas were randomly divided into three groups and each group was fed with the same basal diet.Based on the basal diet,the soybean-oligosaccharids accounting for 1.2% DMI,0.6% DMI and 0.0% DMI was infused into each group respectively.The number of total bacterial and cellulolytic bacteria were counted by roll-tube technique of Hungate,the number of methanogen was counted by Maximum Probable Number,and the number of protozoa was counted by haemacytometer.The result showed that the number of rumen cellulolytic bacteria was increased by the infusion of soybean-oligosaccharids and the number of methanogen was decreased,which indicated that soybean-oligosaccharids had significant effect on the rumen microflora of the sheep and was favorable for the degradation of NDF in rumen and the reduction of the losses of feed energy.


The date palm tree is extensively cultivated in Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia, generating a large amount of waste in the form of leaves, seeds, and fibrous materials. This study examined the feasibility of using raw date palm fiber (RDPF) and NaOH chemically modified date palm fiber (NaOH–CMDPF) obtained from discarded agricultural waste for the removal of phenol in an aqueous environment. The adsorbent characterization was performed by using different techniques, i.e., particle size analysis; elemental analyzer (CHN); and BET, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX analysis. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups on the surface of the RDPF and NaOH–CMDPF. The results showed that chemical modification by NaOH increased the phenol adsorption capacity that was well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Higher removal was obtained with NaOH–CMDPF (86%) than with the RDPF (81%). The RDPF and NaOH–CMDPF sorbents' maximum (Qm) adsorption capacities were more than 45.62 mg/g and 89.67 mg/g and were comparable to the sorption capacities of various other types of agricultural waste biomass reported in the literature. The kinetic studies confirmed that the adsorption of phenol followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic process. The present study concluded that the RDPF and NaOH–CMDPF were eco-friendly and cost-effective in promoting sustainable management and the reuse of the Kingdom's lignocellulosic fiber waste material.


A survey of rural migrants employed in enterprises in four Chinese cities is analysed to answer the following questions. Are the productive characteristics of migrants rewarded in the urban labour market? How do migrants compare with non-migrants in their productive characteristics, occupational attainment and pay? Do migrants have an incentive to remain with the enterprise and in the city, and what factors influence these attitudes? What determines the extent of migrant employment? Do enterprises have an incentive to employ more migrants, and how do they value migrants relative to non-migrants? How does policy influence migration: does government impede or encourage the flow of temporary migrants? Thus the process of migration is analysed from three perspectives: those of the rural migrants themselves, of their urban employers, and of the government. The survey results are combined with macroeconomic projections to consider the future of migration in China.


1 This paper reports on results of a collaborative research program between the University of Amsterdam (AGIDS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (AOE), Amsterdam Institute for International Development (AIID), and African Studies Centre Leiden, in the Netherlands and the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), in Ghana entitled "Transnational networks and the creation of local economies: Economic principles and institutions of Ghanaian migrants at home and abroad." (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) grant number 410-13-010P). We would like to acknowledge Ton Dietz, Rijk van Dijk, Jan Willem Gunning, Valentina Mazzucato and the members of the Links and Livelihoods for the ideas they have contributed to this paper. 2 Department of Geography and Planning, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, email@example.com


Dr. J.G. Wright The Hospital for Sick Children / Robert B. Salter Chair in Surgical Research Dr. J.S. Wunder Mount Sinai Hospital / Rubinoff-Gross Chair in Orthopaedic Surgery Dr. L.C. Smith St. Joseph's Health Centre Dr. O.D. Rotstein St. Michael's Hospital Dr. R.R. Richards Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Dr. L. Tate The Toronto East General Hospital Dr. B.R. Taylor University Health Network / James Wallace McCutcheon Chair in Surgery Dr. J.L. Semple Women's College Hospital


Value of a friend, a friend of your friend, and a friend of the friend of your friend: Social discounting in n degrees of separation Kuninori Nakamura (firstname.lastname@example.com) Faculty of Social Innovation, Seijo Universtiy, 6-1-20, Seijo, Setagayaku, Tokyo 152-0061, Japan Abstract Jones and Rachlin (2008) found that the amount of money a person is willing to forgo in order to give $75 to another person decreased as a hyperbolic function of perceived social distance, in the same way as occurs in intertemporal choice. This study aimed to extend this finding to the domain of social networks, in which social distance is defined by degrees of separation. A total of 334 participants responded to tasks very similar to those in Jones and Rachlin (2008), except that they were required to choose whether they would prefer to receive an amount of money for themselves only or an amount of money for themselves and a person who is n degrees of separation from them up to six degrees. The results show that the hyperbolic function fit the data well, and that several processes appear to contribute to the judgments made in the experimental tasks. Keywords: social discounting; n degrees of separation; intertemporal discounting, probability discounting Introduction In modern society, people must use money to live. However, as a matter of course, people cannot use all their money at once. Rather, people must allocate it between several purposes or several time periods. They distribute money between several stock options so as not to lose all their money at once. They save money for the future to avoid financial difficulties when they are old. Additionally, we also must share money with others in order to prevent poverty. As these examples show, how people use money is of vital importance in life, and appears to be organized according to several dimensions. According to Julian Simon (1995), a person's allocation of available goods can be described in terms of a three-coordinate system: one is the coordinate of their own current consumption, included in which is the concept that a person has several selves corresponding to their various positions, such as the family self or working self, and so need to allocate goods to these selves. The second is a coordinate of later times, representing sequential temporal persons as different from each other. The third is consumption by other people, according to which the feeling of sympathy between people may be measured by a discount factor. Simon (1995) suggested that this discount function may be similar to that of intertemporal discounting. Consumption in later time periods corresponds to what is called intertemporal discounting. Many studies have demonstrated that people discount the value of goods as time goes by. Generally, it is known that people prefer small but immediate goods to large but delayed goods (e.g., Lowenstein & Prelec, 1998). To account for this preference, exponential and hyperbolic functions have been proposed. An exponential discounting function has a form in which the discounted value v of rewards V is expressed as follows: where v and V are the discounted and undiscounted reward values, respectively, and D is the time delay. Alternatives to exponential discounting have been proposed by psychologists, behavioral ecologists, and behavioral economists. One major alternative proposal is that the discounting function is hyperbolic (e.g., Mazur, Until now, many studies have demonstrated that the hyperbolic function, rather than the exponential function, is the most appropriate because it fits the data better than the exponential function, under various experimental conditions (for a review, see Green & Myerson, 2002). On the basis of findings within the intertemporal choice literature, Jones and Rachlin (2006) investigated whether discounting similar to intertemporal choice could also be found in Simon's third coordinates. In their experiments, Jones and Rachlin (2006) required participants to imagine that they had made a list of the 100 people closest to them in the world, ranging from their dearest friend at position #1 to a mere acquaintance at #100, and then participants answered whether they would forgo a fixed amount of money to give it to another person or not. The results showed that the amount of money people were willing to give to another person decreased as a hyperbolic function of the perceived social distance between them, indicating that the discounting function with regard to social distance is similar to that in intertemporal choice, as Simon (1995) claimed. This study aims to extend the findings of Jones and Rachlin (2006) by considering another type of social distance. Recent studies in network science have begun to pay attention to the concept of human society considered as a network (Barabasi, 2002; Christarski & Fowler, 2008; Milgram, 1967). You have a friend, and your friend has a friend. If you do not know the friend of your friend, you can still have a link to the person via your friend. You can extend such connections infinitely. In this vein, our society is a network of friend connections, and much research has


This paper broadens the concept of common-pool resources with reference to forests, which supply many joint products whose relative importance to different communities has changed over time. Case studies refer to forests in the Swiss Alps and Colorado Rocky Mountains. For each region, two levels of analysis are developed. These concentrate on outputs of wood, recreation and protection from natural hazards, and consider: 1) policy development for the two regions and a study area within each; and 2) the changing supply of forest outputs from the study areas within the context of changing policies and demands on the forests.


Summary
1The innate immune response involves the production of highly reactive molecules (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ROS and RNS). These toxic compounds can effectively destroy invading pathogens but can also, non-specifically, target host cells. Tissue damage caused by ROS and RNS can be substantial if the inflammatory response is overactive, potentially inducing a so-called immunopathology.
2In this study, we induced an inflammatory response in Zebra Finches by the way of a LPS injection (lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall of Escherichia coli), using as a control a group of birds injected with saline (phosphate-buffered saline). Body mass was measured both before and 24 h after the procedure. We also took a blood sample 24 h after injection, to measure the resistance of red blood cells to a standardized free radical attack. The experiment was repeated twice with different individuals to ascertain the repeatability of the results.
3We found that birds injected with LPS lost significantly more body mass during the 24 h that followed, compared with control individuals. Similarly, LPS individuals were more susceptible to oxidative tissue damage, as their red blood cells had a weaker resistance to a free-radical attack than the red blood cells of control birds.
4This result shows that the inflammatory response with the associated production of cytotoxic compounds can produce side-effects that may potentially result in increased damage to host tissues, therefore representing an immunopathology cost.


Civil Antitrust Attorneys Receive Wire-Tap Evidence* The Canada Supreme Court ruled earlier this month that civil antitrust plaintiffs may receive wire-tap evidence obtained in the criminal…


Objective:To investigate the relationship between arterioles elasticity index(C2)and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Methods:A total of 69 HCM patients were enrolled in this study from January 2010 to July 2013. General clinical information was collected and correlation between different concentrations of C2 and other related indexes was analyzed.Then,HCM patients were divided into obstructive and non-obstructive HCM groups according to the degree of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction,and C2 level was compared between the two groups. Results:C2 was negatively related to N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and left ventricular outflow tract maximum pressure(LVOTPG),and it was positively related to left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS).There was no significant correlation between left ventricular posterior wall depth(LVPWD)and C2.C2 was nonlinear correlated to high-sensitivity troponin I(c-TNI),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular enddiastolic diameter(LVEDD).Compared with non-obstructive HCM patients,C2 was significantly decreased in obstructive HCM patients. Conclusion:C2 is closely correlated with LVOTPG,and it may be a dynamic evaluation index indicating the obstructive condition of left ventricular outflow tract in HCM patients.


Abstract : The report contains a summary of major events in the development of the XM Series Hand-Held Signals from time of program initiation to the present, pertinent materiel, physical, operational, and performance characteristics, comparisons of several types of signals and other significant information, data, and documents.


Preface Chapter 1 The Impermanence of Paradigms Chapter 2 Alliances and America's Grand Strategy Chapter 3 Whither the Atlantic Alliance Chapter 4 A Japan That Can-and Will-Do More Chapter 5 Korea: Coming of Age Chapter 6 Conclusion Notes Index


The Sammon Mapping (SM) has established itself as a valuable tool in dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, exploratory data analysis and, particularly, in data visualization. The SM is capable of projecting high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space, so that they can be visualized and interpreted. This is accomplished by representing inter-sample dissimilarities in the original space by Euclidean inter-sample distances in the projection space. Recently, Kernel Sammon Mapping (KSM) has been shown to subsume the SM and a few other related extensions to SM. Both of the aforementioned models feature a set of linear weights that are estimated via Iterative Majorization (IM). While IM is significantly faster than other standard gradient-based methods, tackling data sets of larger than moderate sizes becomes a challenging learning task, as IM's convergence significantly slows down with increasing data set cardinality. In this paper we derive two improved training algorithms based on Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) and Parallel Tangents (PARTAN) acceleration, that, while still being first-order methods, exhibit faster convergence than IM. Both algorithms are relatively easy to understand, straightforward to implement and, performance-wise, are as robust as IM. We also present comparative results that illustrate their computational advantages on a set of benchmark problems.


Practice ability plays an important and positive role in cultivating innovation ability,job obtaining ability and entrepreneurship ability of undergraduate and is the basis and guarantee for earlier and better acclimatizing them to new environment.Nine solutions of enhancing the undergraduate practice ability cultivation were brought forward by analyzing problems happened in the practice teaching and skillful needs matched training objectives of mining engineering.


Results of a new study of causes of elevated LDL in young women supports greater focus on early assessment and intervention in this population.


In humanoid robot field of study,about double foot robot gait programming method research has been a important and difficult.This paper mainly describes: in the simulation flat,we gait programming method of static and dynamic gait programming method and the application of the test,and the experimental results analysis,and according to the experimental results of the algorithm is certain optimization.The hope for two feet robot realize fast and smoothly class man walk to provide certain reference.


Most human in‐vivo placental imaging techniques are unable to distinguish and characterize various placental compartments, such as the intervillous space (IVS), placental vessels (PV) and placental tissue (PT), limiting their specificity. We describe a method that employs T2* and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to differentiate automatically placental compartments, quantify their oxygenation properties and identify placental lesions (PL) in vivo. We also investigate the association between placental oxygenation patterns and fetal brain oxygenation.


Elite Baseball of Lancaster, PA to Hold College Baseball Showcase for High School Players at Clipper Magazine Stadium on June 9-10, 2007.


(57) Abstract: reveal inflammation useful for the treatment of diseases or conditions related to novel aromatic compounds such as chronic inflammatory disease. Further pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and to clarify the process.


Academic managerialism has established in Russian universities. As in universities in other countries, the new model of educational management has created new conditions for the development of "academics" human capital. However, different Russian universities have different conditions for adapting employees to the new conditions. The author focuses on the negative and positive consequences of the implantation of the academic managerialism in regional universities in Russia. The research question is to show the problems of the human capital of the academic community in regional universities in the context of new model of educational management. Empirical basis of the paper includes results of a semi-formal interview with teachers of the universities of Yekaterinburg (2020-2021, n=20), and results of secondary analysis of research data on university management and the academic community in Russian universities. We selected studies in both leading and regional universities in Russia. The data was structured according to the same criteria as the results of the semi-formal interview conducted by the author.


The invention discloses an interface method of power-plant factory level monitoring information system and dispersion control system (SIS and DCS), which is characterized by the following: adapting EURO-4572 mode and Modbus serial port to connect protocol; making SIS system and DCS control system accomplish data communication. The invention can transmit the data of DCS control system to SIS/MIS system effectively, which guarantees the safety of DCS control system against the attack of hacker and virus.


The study investigates the effects of the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) model of writing instruction on Korean middle school students" writing performance and perceptions. The GRR model suggests that the cognitive load should shift slowly and purposefully from the teacher-as-model to joint responsibility and then to independent practice by the learner (Pearson & Gallagher 1983). The one-month experiment examined the effects of two different types of GRR instructional model: the computer-enhanced mode (CEM) and the regular mode (RM). Qualitative analyses of the data revealed that the differences between the pre- and post- writing performances were significant. The results suggest that by gradually assuming more responsibility, participants from both groups gained increased interest and competence in writing.


Research progress and clinical achievements of pediatric craniomaxillofacial surgery in recent 30 years were reviewed. It highlighted significant discoveries and innovations in the field of craniomaxillofacial abnormalities, such as craniosynostosis, facial cleft, maxillary and mandibular malformation, and craniomaxillofacial trauma. Additionally, the author elaborated his opinions on the further developments of pediatric craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Key words:
Pediatric craniomaxillofacial surgery; Craniosynostosis; Diagnosis; Treatment; Progress


This study divides lodging facilities in Japan into two broad categories: the western-style hotel, and the distinctively Japanese ryokan. Taking lodgers who have chosen their lodgings for a variety of travel objectives as research subjects, it attempts to clarify attributes consumers use as a basis of choice of lodging type. The study considers this research question in relation to private space lifestyles, and in relation to the attributes weighted heavily when either a hotel or a ryokan is chosen. Factor analysis is used to abstract or derive types of lifestyle and hotel choice criteria. The analysis demonstrates that differences in lodgers' lifestyles affect the attributes they emphasized in choosing lodging types. Analysis results show the importance for hotel guests of factors such as "release from the everyday" and "concentration on oneself". Analysis results show an emphasis on "open communication" factors among guests choosing ryokan. The results also show a tendency to emphasise "accessibility" and "staff reliability" among guests of metropolitan hotels. Meanwhile, guests of ryokan weighted heavily choice criteria such as "adventurous menu" and "external aspects".


ABSTRACT From its initially limited role under Article 50 in the withdrawal negotiations, the EP has constructed a central role for itself in the process. How was the EP able to shape the rules to its advantage? As instruments to enhance its own role, the EP combined the unconcealed brandishing of its veto threat with the promotion of strong internal unity and supporting the Commission's role as central negotiator. The EP was able to exploit interpretative ambiguities in the incomplete contract which is the EU Lisbon Treaty to reinforce its institutional position.


The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) requires new massive random access protocols to support the massive devices. Recently, Polyanskiy [1] established an information-theoretic formulation of unsourced multiple access (uMAC) problem and proposed theoretical finite-length achievability and converse bounds. In this paper, we further study the tradeoff between the number of active users and the energy-per-bit of random Gaussian codebook under maximum likelihood decoding and use two methods to improve the finite-length achievability bounds when the number of users is large and small, respectively. Our new results improve the finite-length achievability bound by more than 0.15 dB when per-user probability of error (PUPE) is 10−1, and more than 0.25 dB when PUPE is 10−3.


Children are amongst the most vulnerable to climate change because they currently experience a high health burden from climate-sensitive diseases. Rural populations in low and middle income countries are also vulnerable to climate change impacts because of a high dependency on local environmental resources. We investigated the evidence base for the direct impacts of current climate factors on child health using a systematic review of studies quantifying an association between temperature and/or rainfall and child health outcomes. We found 35 papers that met our criteria, which were classified as spatial or temporal analyses. There is good evidence that climate factors (temperature and rainfall) affect the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria. There is also good evidence that temperature and rainfall are an important determinant of diarrhoeal disease morbidity, reflecting both acute mechanisms (e.g. short term water contamination) and long term effects (chronic water scarcity). The review highlighted that little is known about the specific mechanisms that link climate patterns with disease or mortality. Few analyses were of high quality, which would include adjustment for spatial or temporal confounders. Many studies did not distinguish between seasonal and other climate effects making interpretation difficult. There is a need for more research to describe the mechanisms by which climate variability affects child health. To identify those communities most at risk from future climate change we need both to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of disease and identify interventions to lower the impact of the changing climate.


The present study reports the chromosome number and meiotic behavior of 25 populations belonging to 10 species of Onobrychis sect. Hymenobrychis from Iran. Most populations showed the chromosome number 2n = 2x  = 14. However, the chromosome number of two populations belonging to O. michauxii and O. subnitens was 2n  = 2x  = 16. It seems that the species with x  = 7 are derived through aneuploid loss. In addition, intra- and interspecific variations in the chromosome number within O. sect. Hymenobrychis, aneuploidy and polyploidy in Onobrychis with special reference to the section Hymenobrychis and also the evolution of the chromosome number throughout the genus are discussed here. As the result of the present study and by reviewing the chromosome number within the genus, it can be concluded that O. sect. Hymenobrychis includes comparatively highly derived taxa and can be considered as a heterogeneous unit within the genus Onobrychis. Almost all the studied taxa displayed regular bivalent pairing and chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, some meiotic abnormalities observed in different taxa are discussed here.


Access to electricity, clean drinking water andclean cooking gas services are genuine needs of the rural poor in order to improvetheir living conditions. One can think of addressing these needs ind ...


This study aims to analyze whether the quality of service and school image affect the satisfaction and loyalty students SMP YPM 8 Sidoarjo.
 The population in this study is all students of class X which amounted to 380. The sampling method is nonprobability sampling with sampling technique is accidental sampling. Sample taken by 120 respondents. While the analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling.
 Based on the results of research and discussion that have been put forward can be concluded that the quality of the service and the image of the school have a positive and significant impact on the satisfaction and loyalty of students SMk YPM 8 Sidoarjo.


The synthesis of dicarbonylbis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(II), [Zr(cp)2(CO)2](cp =η5-C5H5), from reductive carbonylation of [Zr(cp)2(BH4)2] in NEt3 is described in detail. From the reaction of [Zr(cp)2(CO)2] with zirconium(IV) derivatives, [Zr(cp)2X2](X = Cl or SPh), the first bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(III) derivatives, [{Zr(cp)2X}2], have been obtained as dimers containing a zirconium–zirconium bond, accounting for the diamagnetism of the compounds.


This article provides an overview of the use of elastomers in bearing technolgy, and outlines the relative importance of different issues in design and fabrication. Structural bearings versus pads for buildings is discussed, as well as stresses and strains in the bearing. Material properties and durability are covered, as well as other responses of bearings. It is noted that many different types of elastomeric bearing are available, and that there have been significant changes to the AASHTO specifications for bridge bearings. Bearing design, choice of material, and quality control during manufacture and installation all are important. Reinforced bearing design must take into account the mechanics appropriate for a composite made of materials with unusual and widely disparate properties. Comments are also made on the quality of control of materials.


Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) are a type of neuron which function to relay visual messages between the retina and brain, and are characterized by their long axons which form part of the optic nerve. Dysfunction in this communication pathway is highly implicated in degenerative blinding disorders such as glaucoma. Unique applications using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer the ability to model human diseases, and potentially develop novel therapeutic approaches to rescue or replace damaged cells. In order to better understand the progression of degenerative eye diseases, a remaining challenge is to precisely identify the sequence of events which contribute to the diseased state, and how their features differ from non-diseased cells. Efforts were therefore undertaken to visually document the maturation of RGCs by analyzing their morphology and three-dimension organization at varying stages of development. Induced retinal cells were harvested at six different stages of development and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) solution to arrest their development. Cells were then cryoprotected in combinations of sucrose and Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) solutions, and frozen using powered dry ice. Following cryostat sectioning, samples were subject to immunocytochemistry staining to visualize for retinal-like organization of cells. Preliminary results have indicated the presence of the RGC marker Brn3, as well as markers for other retinal cell types. Future tests intend to characterize these retinal cell types according to their morphology and three-dimensional organization.


The structure of "zai+object" is acknowledged as functioning adverbial modifier, attribute or complement, But these days, there are some different viewpoints about the term "complement". I don't agree that "Zai+Object" still functions as a complement. In modern Chinese, the prepositions which are followed by verbs, have already had the tendency of adhering to the verbs, and the new structure of "verbs+prepositions" functions as predicates. The adhering of "zai" to the verbs, "zai" has changed from the component part of the complement to that of the predicate. Xing Fuyi argue that "verb + preposition" is a verb-complement structure. But I don"t agree with him. As the structure of "verbs+preposition" functions as predicate, it is not proper for us to name "zai" in "verbs+zai" as preposition. Actually, so called preposition "zai" is followed by a verbs, I call it postposition. I argue that the "verbs+postposition" is the structure of "Xinhou".


No technical method is available which will demonstrate parathyroid hormone or its precursors within the cells which secrete it. I n the parathyroid glands of single species, several investigators have described intracellular materials which were regarded as being secretory in nature (Weymouth and Baker, '54). However, their conclusions have not been accepted generally. More recently, Weymouth and Baker ('54) observed intracellular silver granules in the parathyroids of seven species after staining with the Protargol method. Some indication of the secretory significance of these granules may be gained by determining the manner in which they change when the secretory rate of the gland is altered by experimental means. The parathyroids may be made hyperactive by creating a state of renal insufficiency (Selye, '42 ; Ingalls et al., '43) or hypoactive by the administration of parathyroid hormone (McJunkin and Tweedy, '32 ; Hanssler, '53). Only DeRobertis ('40, '41) and Baker ('45) have studied para-


DC circuit breaker has been a research hotspot in recent years. However, currently, DC circuit breakers are frequently used in the lab to perform breaking tests in the laboratory using a power frequency synthesis loop. The equivalence of the DC circuit breaker is to be discussed. This article aims to provide a test system design scheme that satisfies the technical requirements, that is, at a voltage level of 10kV, the system can provide a 2kA rated current and a 20kA short circuit current with a 6kA/ms rise rate to simulate an actual short circuit condition, and Based on this, a successful breaking of the mechanical DC breaker can be achieved. The key work of this paper is to simulate the establishment of the simulation model of the test circuit, as well as the selection of circuit parameters and the selection of components. This enables the shunt to meet the 20kA short-circuit current and the 2kA rated current. The model of DC circuit breaker was established by PSCAD. It has certain guiding significance and reference significance for the actual establishment of DC circuit breakers and test platforms in the laboratory.


Root-cut-grafting seedlings of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)were used as material,the scions were treated with 5 concentrations of NAA solution.Through measuring seedlings indexes,namely:survival rate,morphological parameter,vigor indexes,root activities etc,the effects of 5 NAA concentrations on the quality of root-cut-grafting seedlings were studied.The results showed that the survival rate of grafting had been raised by NAA treatment,it could reach up to 94% for 40 mg·L-1 NAA concentration.The quality of seedlings increased at first and then decreased with increasing concentration of NAA solution during a certain range of 0-50 mg·L-1 concentration.When the concentration reached 40 mg·L-1,all kinds of morphological and physiological indices had the best performance.In conclusion,40 mg·L-1 NAA treatment could effectively promote the growth of cucumber root-cut-grafting seedlings and improve their quality.


McDonald, Erickson, and McDonald (2000) and Murtaugh (2000) have presented two interesting views of analysis and interpretation of data from before-after control-impact (BACI) studies. In my opinion, the general message they convey to the reader is that analysis of data from a BACI design, in combination with professional expertise, can add useful evidence as long as one is prudent about the resulting interpretations. Whether scientists who analyze BACI data will indeed use caution in interpretation, particularly in making statements regarding cause and effect, remains to be seen. McDonald et al.'s (2000) study is application specific, taking the reader through an analysis of bird count data from the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). The authors prudently phrase their interpretation in terms of a weight of evidence argument rather than the much more difficult one of causation. I see the primary usefulness of this paper as that of encouraging scientists to use more complex models to realistically describe count data through time. (Using these models in data analysis has been considerably enhanced by the increasing availability of various types of computer software.) Particularly with biological data, a conventional first step is to try an additive model on untransformed data or an additive model on log-transformed data with the hope that the log transform restores the assumptions of variance homogeneity and normally distributed error terms. The presence of data recorded on the same units through time necessitates that the Huynh-Feldt condition (also known as sphericity) holds in order to use a conventional repeated measures approach. In case this sphericity condition does not hold, there are references to make conservative adjustments to the usual F-tests. (I do wonder just how many people would take the trouble to test these assumptions and do the proper corrections if such corrections were not already built into the


The article is devoted to the scientific activity of the Soviet and Russian jurist Lev Leonidovich Popov. It provides the analysis of research work devoted to the basics of public administration and key issues of public administration in administrative law.


The reflection on the purpose of beauty "l'utilite du beau", to which Theophile Gautier has contributed in a most exquisite way in the text that Literary History that we are accustomed to identify as the preface to Mademoiselle de Maupin's timeless novel, which is still far from being out of date. In fact, this question has long ago surpassed the specific context of the reflection on romantic aesthetics which has provoked the most heated discussions. As long as literature constitutes, in itself, the domain of a complex deflection on it's purpose, as an aesthetic object, and about the purpose of a certain vision of the world and of certain political options towards the development of societies, we intend to approach, in this paper the question of the purpose of literary studies by analysing the attribution of certain literary prizes, among which the Nobel prize.

Keywords: Legitimation of Literature, Value, Utility, Nobel Lectures


Abstract An infra-red method was developed for the quantitative determination of ethylene and isoprene in the gas phase of cigarette smoke. The smoke was collected by smoking the cigarettes on a five-port syringe type smoking machine and transferring it to a gas cell positioned in a double-beam infra-red spectrophotometer for the duration of the analysis. The smoke transfer to the gas cell and its subsequent removal from the celI were accomplished by connecting the smoking machine to a vacuum pump through the automated solenoid valve unit which controlled the analysis system. In this manner any specific puff of interest could be analysed for the ethylene and isoprene concentrations by measuring the corrected absorbance of the 10.52 µm and 11.18 µm absorbance bands, respectively. TotaI deliveries of ethylene and isoprene per cigarette were obtained by adding the deliveries from the individual puffs. The puff-by-puff delivery profile also was obtainable at the same time. In addition filter efficiency for ethylene and isoprene removaI may be determined by this method. The relative standard deviation at the two-sigma level was 3 % for ethylene and isoprene in the gas phase smoke from commercial cellulose acetate filter cigarettes. The analysis of a particular puff of smoke required only 75 seconds insuring the analysis of a relatively fresh smoke with good reproducibility and accuracy.


Firstly, author sortes and refines literature about the distorted marketing behavior of companies mainly from rent-seeking ,market stakeholders and the documents conclusion of the distorted marketing behavior. Secondly analyzing the distorted marketing behavior in companies during the transition period.Then analyzing the consequence of companiess' distorting marketing.Finally constructing the management paths for the distorted marketing behaviors.


It was pleasing to read about the Department of Health (DoH) initiative to recruit more NHS staff from diverse backgrounds (analysis August 18).


Peri-urban area emerged with the rapid urbanization and is a new transitional region between urban and rural areas.The most important characteristics of the peri-urabn areas are the large rates of changes and conflicts between landuses.Through the change of ecosystem's internal structure and function,land use/cover change(LUCC) has affected the values of ecosystem services and has been a major driving factor.Taking Jimei District(a peri-urban area) in Xiamen City as an example,the authors examined the land use pattern from 1987 to 2007 by integrating remote sensing data and evaluate the regional ecosystem services based on the revised method of equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services in China in 2007.The coupling changes between land systems and ecosystem services were used to identify the effects and mechanisms of LUCC on ecosystem services.Results showed that along with the promotion of land use intensity,the total ecosystem services values had shown a curved trend of change,with supplying and regulating service being main ecosystem service types;land use intensity was negative for supplying,regulating,and supporting cultural services.With the rapid urbanization in Jimei District,there will be more land to be transformed to construction land.It can be predicted that the decreasing trend of ecosystem service value will continue in the future,and we should use the ecological comprehensive treatment to slow down that trend.


The utility model provides a pure-calcium wire composite cored wire, belongs to molten ferrous alloy treatment and particularly relates to refining calcium treatment of steel. The cored wire is composed of an outer steel-clad band, a middle blocking layer and a calcium core wire and is characterized in that the blocking layer composed of close-grained inhibitor power is arranged between the outer steel-clad band and the calcium core wire, continuously and evenly wraps the calcium core wire and separates the calcium core wire and the steel band, and the outer steel-clad band tightly wraps the blocking layer. The pure-calcium wire composite cored wire has the advantages of being novel in concept and simple and reasonable in structure. The blocking layer of the pure-calcium wire composite cored wire is 'flexible' at normal temperature, wire reel processing and wire feeding are convenient, power of a wire feeding machine is small, normal temperature oxidation of a calcium core is avoided, and storage time is long. The cored wire is placed into molten steel, the blocking layer is cured quickly, thermal resistance is increased, 'calcium process vaporization' is delayed, calcium bubbles are prevented from upward floating onto the surfaces of steel slag and causing burning loss, and severe steel slag splashing is avoided. The wire feeding time is shortened, energy is saved, consumption is reduced, the calcium yield is improved, and molten steel quality is obviously improved. The production efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, and production safety is further facilitated.


in Durst's position, but it will be enough to say that in recommending changes from the present tense to the future in some parts of the Canon and the elimination of certain words in others he does not take into account that the Canon is the one prayer that expresses what the Church is doing all during the time she is offering sacrifice to God. That sacrifice begins with the dialogue of the Preface; during the course of this prayer sacrifice and thanksgiving are offered to God. The actual consecration takes place in an instant, but there is not enough time to express all that is done—hence the need of a longer prayer. Yet all the parts of that one prayer only develop and explain what we do at the consecration; they deal with what is being done here and now, not with what will be done or with what has been done.


In the recent decade, the term Industry 4.0 or Fourth Industrial Revolution is a common buzzword represents the adoption of disruptive digital technologies (Internet of things, Big Data, 3D printing, Cloud computing, Autonomous robots, Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Self-driving car, Cyber-physical system, Artificial intelligence, Smart sensors, Nanotechnology, Drones, and Biotechnology, etc.) in the production process which is transforming the manufacturing units into smart factories and experiencing a great change in the global value chain. Moreover, these revolutionary digital technologies have a profound impact on the economy, growth, globalization, governments, international trade, global supply chain, and human capital transformation, etc. The present review study aims to explore the impact, challenges, and opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution based on empirical findings specially and extensively in the context of Bangladesh. The study finds regardless of having enormous potentiality, the application of the fourth industrial revolution is far lagging for some challenges i.e. lack awareness, insufficient capital, lack of infrastructure, lack of skilled human capital, and some socio-economic challenges. This review paper will also develop conceptual links with the relevant aspect of strategic planning and application of key industry 4.0 technologies and help to formulate future policy guidelines regarding opportunities, application, and strategic decision making for the fourth industrial revolution in Bangladesh.


Matculevich, Svetlana Fully reliable a posteriori error control for evolutionary problems Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2015, 75 p. (+included articles) (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing ISSN 1456-5390; 219) ISBN 978-951-39-6290-6 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6291-3 (PDF) Finnish summary This work is devoted to fully reliable a posteriori error analysis for a class of evolutionary problems and some questions emerging in relation to it. The first articles in this collection are concerned with theoretical and numerical analysis, efficient and robust implementation of the functional type a posteriori error estimates and indicators for the nonlinear Cauchy problem, and time-dependent reaction-diffusion initial-boundary value problems of parabolic type. The last part of the study is dedicated to computable and sharp upper bounds of constants in Poincaré-type inequalities for functions with zero mean on the boundary (or a measurable part of it) on non-degenerate triangles and tetrahedrons. These sharp upper bounds are crucial for quantitative analysis of problems generated by differential equations, where numerical approximations are typically constructed with the help of simplicial meshes and become particularly useful in implementation of the functional error majorants applied for the problems with a decomposed domain. The error estimates presented in this thesis are explicitly computable and guaranteed. The two-sided functional type error bounds hold for all conforming approximations, do not depend on any mesh discretization parameters, and only contain global and local constants in Poincaré inequalities. Extensive numerical experiments, performed alongside with theoretical findings, provide results, which confirm the efficiency and reliability of the error estimates and robustness of the indicators they comprise. For numerical implementation we use MATLAB and The FEniCS Project (with Python).


We are studying the effects of deploying a proposed centralized course server in the SUNY Fredonia campus network and introducing mobile web clients using OPNET. We have simulated web clients accessing the server that resides on a Gigabit link in the central network facilities. We also simulate the mobile web clients in classrooms and evaluate their performance. Initial results have indicated negligible packet loss and annoying additional delays but with server connected directly to the central switch, the increase in the delays is not noticeable. In case of mobile nodes, we are working on the generalized problems of determining the performance with web applications and error rates for various WLAN parameters. Introduction OPNET has been used to study and provide assistance in campus network modifications in SUNY Fredonia. SUNY Fredonia is a campus of SUNY with about 5000 students. Most resident students use the network frequently and overall usage is between moderate to heavy. Last year the OPNET simulation results exposed a potential congestion point in the campus network where 13 residence halls collapsed into a single Cisco 5500 [1]. The network manager corrected the problem before it could jeopardize the performance. The campus network has been changed recently from the description given in [1]. Residence Hall core switch is upgraded from a WS-C5500 to a WS-C6509. With the Campus Core switch/router and the ResNet core equipment side by side, we are able to implement all sub-networks on both switches. Thus each router routes its primary subnets and is also acting as secondary for the other's routed subnets via HSRP (Cisco's Hot Standby Routing Protocol). In the event that either router fails, the other picks up automatically. Many of the 100Mbps switches and fiber links to main buildings have been upgraded to Gigabit Ethernet. Besides improving the internal structure, campus has expanded the Internet bandwidth from a single T1 to 8 x T1 (12 Mbps) via three Cisco 3640 routers. A Cisco CE560 content switch was added recently. The content engine caches previously fetched web pages for all three routers. Since turning it on, it has been delivering about 40% of the web content on campus. When a user goes outside of fredonia.edu for a web page, the routers send a query to the content engine, if the page is cached it sends a "light query" to check the page version with the server. If the content engine has the most recent update, it sends the page to the requester at wire speed. If not, the router passes the query out onto the Internet. Also, a campus wide firewall is in early deployment stage. The AIT (Academic Information Technology) has recently proposed that all of the current campus web pages related to courses be moved to a single powerful Win-NT/2000 server. Presently, professors who maintain web pages have stored them mostly on their individual departmental servers. We have initiated a study based on OPNET simulation to evaluate the performance pros and cons of this proposed change. Mobile computing will be an integral part of the targeted ubiquitous computing environment. Third generation wireless systems and the Internet are pushing the mobile telecommunications market [2]. Mobile users tend to move around and still maintain active communication links. There is a growing need to provide quality of service to the mobile users based on an increase in the number of time-sensitive applications. Significant amount of work has been done to deal with the issue of providing multimedia services in the mobile wireless network [3,4,5]. Our study takes into account the future Fredonia campus network scenario when mobile computers would be taken into the traditional classrooms and professors would be able to download and show multimedia presentations to their students. For this purpose, we have added an access point in one of the academic buildings and provided ten mobile clients. These mobile clients will also be feeding from the same central course server. We also look at the performance of mobile nodes while adjusting various WLAN parameters. Rest of the paper is divided into two sections. In the next section, we introduce the experimental setup and simulation results for the campus course server proposal. Later, we present results of simulation with the mobile clients in an academic building as well as an independent wireless LAN that connects to the fixed network. Simulations With Centralized Course Server The current layout of the campus network is such that all local web-related material for a department is based in that department's subnet and such traffic does not need to transmit at a higher level. The proposed plan by AIT would place a powerful Windows NT/2000 server in the central network facilities and all web queries and responses would be carried by the central network switches. The most obvious issue with such a change is the increase in traffic through the central


Paper written for an American History class at Marfa High School by Andrew Wells on January 13, 1975. It consists of descriptions of photographs of the Brite Ranch near Marfa. The photos include the Brite family, ranch hands and other employees who worked on the ranch, buildings, and livestock.


Based on empirical dala, the author first develops indicators for quality and productivity costs. In a second step, he tries to estimate the real quality and productivity costs. According to the findings, the quality costs which could already be dealt with today make up for about 20 percent of the turnover, i.e. the total amount of money spent for the education system. In a third step the author briefly introduces three quality systems.


We identify three foundational tasks for clients interacting with Web services, and study how to realise these tasks using major paradigms (WS-*, Se- mantic Web Services, RESTful APIs and Linked APIs). We identify relative mer- its of each approach and point out how the combination of resource-oriented ser- vices with Linked Data can enable an interoperable ecosystem of Web services.


The present invention is the first layer contains a UV protective layer to the polycarbonate an alkyl acrylate containing containing a carbonate, and a second layer of a triazine compound of two as UV stabilizers described, also a third layer also the scratch resistance layer containing a UV absorbing agent, to a multi-layer product comprising at least first, second and third layers. The invention also relates to the preparation and use of the product, such as the multi-layer product, and a laminate comprising the above-mentioned multi-layer products.


This paper presents a novel prototype of a new conceptual electromagnetic induction-based fluid heating appliance using a series capacitor-compensated load resonant high-frequency IGBT inverter, which operates using phase-shifted PWM and a power factor correction scheme. Its operating characteristics in a steady-state are illustrated and evaluated on the basis of computer-aided circuit simulation and experimental results. Promising cost-effective applications of this electromagnetic induction-heated fluid heating appliance are proposed including induction-heated boilers, induction-heated dryers and induction-heated hot air producers, which are more suitable for industrial, chemical and consumer utilization from a practical point of view.


Abstract Cultural astronomy is the study of the astronomy of ancient cultures and is sometimes called the anthropology of astronomy. The many ways that astronomy was used by ancient cultures are fascinating and this can be used to inspire interest in all astronomy, as well as astronomy in culture. Archaeoastronomy is interdisciplinary and among its practitioners are not only astronomers and astrophysicists, but also anthropologists, archaeologists, and Indigenous scholars. Much can be learned about ancient cultures though examination of how and why they used astronomy. This paper will highlight several examples that can capture public attention.


In order to reveal the electromagnetic transient characteristics of new topology structure MMC-HVDC,it is necessary to study the transient response characteristics of the new HVDC under various typical disturbances.According to the topology structure of MMC,the electromagnetic transient model of AC side of MMC was derived under the condition of unbalance AC grid.The control strategies with inneer loops current control of positive and negative sequence and an outer loop's power control were designed.With various typical disturbances simulations,the transient response of MMC-HVDC was designed.With various typical disturbances simulations,the transient response of MMC-HVDC was studied and the correctness of the proposed control strategy was confirmed.MMC-HVDC has good transient response characteristics,and can operate stably and fully under various typical disturbances.


I\s part of USDA's effort to support the Afghanistan military M. campaign, Operation Enduring Freedom, the Natural Resources Conservation Service-National Soil Survey Laboratory (NRCS-NSSL), working in partnership with the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) developed an agreement to sample soils; teach local nationals about soil and water conservation, soil sampling, and techniques for describing a soil; and also promote capacity building of the agricultural sector in Afghanistan. This article will relate the experience from the point of view of the senior author, Bruce Dubee, as an agricultural advisor and the experience of sampling soils in Afghanistan.


Experimental climate manipulations provide the opportunity to link predicted changes in climate to the process of community assembly. We studied plant community assembly of a recently harvested forest exposed to three years of experimental 2°C warming and 20% increased precipitation. By the end of the experiment, trees were the only functional group that shifted composition in response to warming and precipitation treatments (p = 0.03), while the composition of the grass, forbs, and shrub/small tree/vine functional groups were unresponsive. Individual species within groups were associated with specific treatments, but did not result in a predictable community composition shift. Temporal dynamics of functional group cover were more sensitive to treatment effects than single, static measures of plant community responses such as biomass. Both static and dynamic plant analyses revealed interactive effects of warming and increased precipitation on cover and biomass of grass and all plants together (grass cover p < 0.01, grass biomass p = 0.02, total cover p < 0.01, total biomass p = 0.05). Short forb cover was negatively affected by increased precipitation throughout our experiment (p = 0.03). Grass, tree, and shrub/small tree/vine functional groups showed independent year effects on cover that can be attributed to successional development of the forest community (all p ≤ 0.01). Random forest modeling indicated that cover of other plant functional groups and static plot-level variables such as plot location and components of soil texture were often the most important predictors of cover for a given functional group, while temperature and moisture availability measures were the least important. Importance of predictors of functional group cover varied greatly among random forest models from different treatments, suggesting that diverse environmental factors constrain functional group cover and may provide resilience of community assembly to climate change.


The invention relates to a method of producing contact holes in a barrier-layer stack with the aid of a temporary marking of producing or encapsulant for encapsulating optoelectronic Bauelmenten.


Currently, medical image domain translation operations show a high demand from researchers and clinicians. Amongst other capabilities, this task allows the generation of new medical images with sufficiently high image quality, making them clinically relevant. Deep Learning (DL) architectures, most specifically deep generative models, are widely used to generate and translate images from one domain to another. The proposed framework relies on an adversarial Denoising Diffusion Model (DDM) to synthesize echocardiography images and perform domain translation. Contrary to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), DDMs are able to generate high quality image samples with a large diversity. If a DDM is combined with a GAN, this ability to generate new data is completed at an even faster sampling time. In this work we trained an adversarial DDM combined with a GAN to learn the reverse denoising process, relying on a guide image, making sure relevant anatomical structures of each echocardiography image were kept and represented on the generated image samples. For several domain translation operations, the results verified that such generative model was able to synthesize high quality image samples: MSE: 11.50 ± 3.69, PSNR (dB): 30.48 ± 0.09, SSIM: 0.47 ± 0.03. The proposed method showed high generalization ability, introducing a framework to create echocardiography images suitable to be used for clinical research purposes.


Interpersonal intelligence-based learning system is very important for prospective teacher because teaching, as profession, needs a good and effective social competence to communicate with students. Everyone has different degree of interpersonal intelligence, and also different in regard of mathematics learning achievement especially when gender is considered. This research was a pre-experimental research which aimed to know the influence of interpersonal intelligence-based learning system to sudents' learning achievement in Basic Statistics class of mathematics education students/ prospective teachers in FKIP UNSULBAR by considering gender differences. Purposive random sampling was used as the sampling method and 16 male students and female students respectively were selected as the research subjects. Learning achievement was collected from Basic Statistic learning achievement test and was analyzed descriptively and inferensially. The results of the research show that the average of male srudents' learning achievement in Basic Statistics (74,25) is higher than female students' (66,00). While hypothesis testing shows significancy value of o.oo5, which is lower than α=0.05. It means there is a difference in regard of the average of Basic Statistics learning achievement between male and female students who participate in interpersonal intelligense-based learning system.


Cardiac development is regulated by accurate expression of many genes,any abnormity of which may lead to congenital heart disease.NKX2-5,TBX5 and GATA4 are the most important transcription factors during early cardiac development,the abnormity of which will result in heart malformation.