Welcome to The 2020 International Conference on Science in Engineering and Technology (ICoSiET), online held 21-22 October, 2020. The 2020 International Conference on Science in Engineering and Technology (ICoSiET) is an international conference which covers Science and applied engineering and technology. ICoSiET 2020 will be held on October 21-22, 2020 in Palu, Indonesia. This conference hosted by Universias Tadulako and is jointly organized with Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE), Universitas Islam Alauddin Makassar, Universitas Negeri Malang, Universitas Mulawarman, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, and Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. This conference is IOP conference so that papers accepted and presented will be forwarding for consideration to be published in the IOP Material Science and Engineering. Thanks are due to Keynote Speakers, Prof. Dr. Zhen-jiang Shen (Faculty of Geosciences and civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University, Japan), Prof. Dr. Richard Sliuzas (Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management Twente University, Netherland), Prof. Yandi Andri Yatmo., Ph.D (Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia). Prof. Amar Akbar Ali (Department of Architecture Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia), and Dr. Diana Contrias Mojica, New Castle University, UK) This year, the ICOSIET conference received 110 papers submissions from 106 countries such as, Bangladesh, China, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Jorda, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States and Viet Nam. But only 68 papers were accepted for presentations for online sessions (the acceptance ratio is 65%). We are very grateful for the extensive efforts of many individuals who worked diligently to ensure a successful and high quality conference. We would like to thank to IPO, ASCEE, TPC Committee and Faculty of Engineering Tadulako University for supporting this event. Once again we would like to say Welcome to ICOSIET 2020. Congratulations for your papers have been accepted. We invite all participants to actively participate in the conference activities to learn from one another. Thank you for choosing ICOSIET as your conference reference. We hope to have your pleasant supports and participations in the next year 2021 7th ICOSIET. List of ICoSIET 2020 Committee, ICoSIET 2020 Editors are available in this pdf.


Hermogenes, the son of Hipponicus, .... said: "Socrates, ought you not to be giving some thought to what defence you are going to make?". .. Socrates had at first replied, "Why, do I not seem to you to have spent my whole life in preparing to defend myself?" Then when he asked, "How so?" he had said, "Because all my life I have been guiltless of wrongdoing ; and that I consider the finest preparation for a defence.


The coherent physical theory of Psi phenomena is absent till now due to its high complexity and multilateral character. The original mechanism of Bivacuum mediated Psi phenomena, proposed here, is based on few stages of my long term efforts. They include creation of new theories: 1) Unified theory of Bivacuum, matter and fields duality, mass and charge origination as a result of Bivacuum fermions symmetry shift, fusion of elementary particles from sub-elementary fermions and dynamic mechanism of their corpuscle-wave [C - W] duality; 2) New quantitative Hierarchic theory of liquids and solids; 3) Elementary act of consciousness or cycle of mind; 4) Theory of Virtual Replica (VR) of material objects in Bivacuum (virtual hologram); 5) Theory of nonlocal Virtual Guides (VirG)of spin, momentum and energy - constructed from virtual Cooper pairs of Bivacuum fermions and antifermions, interacting side-by-side. The bundles of VirG, connecting coherent particles of Sender (S) and Receiver (R), are responsible for macroscopic entanglement and mediate different kinds of Psi phenomena. The 3D net of VirG forms part of Virtual Replica of any macroscopic object, interacting with other objects with similar properties in non equilibrium conditions. The correctness of our Unified Theory (UT) follows from its ability to explain a lot of unconventional experimental data, like remote vision, mind-matter interaction, etc. without contradictions with fundamental laws of nature.


Objective To study the protein composition, molecular weight, major proteins molecular of Toxoplasma gondii antigens and analyze the specific immune reaction with serum of T. gondii patients. Methods Protein molecular of the cytoplasm extract(CE), cell membrane(CM) and excreted/secreted(ES) antigens were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Using the protein gel transfer technique (western blotting) to recognize targets position of specific immune reaction of T. gondii various antigens with serum of toxoplasma patients, respectively. Results CE, CM and ES antigens of T. gondii major proteins molecular weight have 85, 52, 38, 32 ku; 48, 35, 16, 14 ku and 158, 95,27, 15, 13 ku respectively. The results also revealed that CE, CM and ES antigens were reacted with IgM and IgG in the serum of infected individuals of T. gondii on the 32 ku, 40 ku and 27 ku by western blotting respectively. Conclusion The various antigens of T. gondii hold a specific antigenic determinant and specific immune response receptors that it can be recognized by specific antibody. This results may possess important value to explore immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis.


Previous magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance measurements showed that when coupling was observed between ferromagnetic layers separated by an antiferromagnetic NiO layer, it was always ferromagnetic. Here we report magnetization measurements that explain this result. We find that the coupling is only strongly ferromagnetic when the sample is cooled with the two ferromagnetic layer magnetizations parallel. Cooling with the magnetizations antiparallel causes the coupling to become nearly zero. Thus, the coupling retains a memory of the relative orientation of the ferromagnetic layer magnetizations during cooling.


A good and proper street lighting system on campus indirectly supports teaching and learning activities. However, these conditions still need to be developed at the Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Kupang due to the lack of these facilities. Therefore, a solar street lighting system was designed considering the good potential of solar energy in this region. The design of this system is carried out by measuring for a year, analyzing the energy potential, economics of the system, and the social impact of installing the system. The installation of solar street lighting on campus based on the results of an analysis of technical, economic, and social aspects gives good and feasible results. The results from the technical aspect provide that the utilization of this system provides a PR value of 85%, and can make savings of 15.99 MWh per year, and provide energy of 177.8 kWh per year. The results from the economic aspect of using this system provide an IRR value of 6%, SPBP for 8.93 years, and a net present value (NPV) of IDR 85,247,500.56. The results of the social aspects obtained from the respondents' answers showed different and meaningful results (p<0.05) from all categories given to respondents.


The present invention relates to an automobile crashworthiness parts dynamic impact test method and apparatus for detecting: the striker means comprises an upper end thereof, the clamp means and the bottom end of the B-pillar guide means, wherein: the striker means comprises a hammer rail (2), the hammer rail T-slot (2-1), trapezoidal hammerhead bolt (4), the fixing nut (3), the fixing nut (5) and hammer (6); B-pillar clamp means comprises : clamp bracket (10), the columns (8), the stopper pin (7) and a rubber gasket (9); guide means comprises a guide surface (11), the ground guide concave groove (11-1), the fastening nut (12) and the T-bolt (13); test apparatus according to the present invention can be freely mounted on the drop hammer machine, easy to install. Means which clamp portion B pillar shape and size can be performed according to adjust the position of the B-pillar, having a high flexibility, can be freely moved in the guide rail in accordance with the spatial position of the B-pillar.


markdownabstractThe aim of this thesis was to gain more insight into the genetic mechanisms important
for microglia development and the role of microglia in disease. The discovery that
microglia-specific gene expression, and by extension likely their function, is largely
determined by their microenvironment stresses the need to study microglia in vivo.


The rapid population growth in Dar Es Salaam has prompted the demand of effective transport system in the city. This tremendous rise of population leads to a serious road traffic congestion, which brings a number of challenges into the city and other growing urban areas. The city's local governments attempted various solutions to control the traffic congestions including building of other roads, expansion and extension of present roads, installation of traffic lights and other transportation infrastructures though they have not relieved the problem. The Government of Tanzania (GoT) supported the city's efforts by establishing the administrative organ called Dar Es Salaam Rapid Transit (DART) to administer the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. The government through DART has improved the public transport in the city. The BRT system provided direct benefits to passengers like minimal travelling time, improved reliability as compared to other public transport commonly known as daladala and accident reduction because BRT buses use their exclusive lanes. Besides its advantages, the newly adopted transport system has brought some challenges to its customers. Among others are; a queue during ticket booking, shortage of smart cards, and inability to check and top-up balance using passengers' mobile phones. Therefore, the study presents a software-based solution that will help passengers to check balance, send request by specifying station to board a bus and check or predict bus arrival time at any station.


This paper proposes a modified long-run incremental cost pricing (LRIC) method for distribution network pricing considering the diversified contributions of network users to system peak. The Shapley-value method and modified coincident factor method are used to determine network users' various contributions to the system. The comparison between original LRIC and the modified LRIC indicates the positive correlation between the contribution to system peak and network charges for different network users. This paper also explores the potential users' behavior change to gain bill reductions according to the cooperative-game theory and the consequential network investment deferral.


The Cognitive Architectures and Human-Computer Interaction Workshop examined computational cognitive modeling approaches to human-computer interaction issues (HCI). The five major architectures and variations represented were briefly summarized. Participants compared approaches to a set of selected HCI problems and alternative solutions, and compared the strengths and weaknesses of the architectures. A list of additional issues was generated and discussed.


On the basis of Core-peripheral model,this thesis extends the theories of regional economies and economic geography to analyze the spatial deprivation of county economy.The author believes that spatial deprivation is a sustainable,positional and comprehensive issue.The thesis tries to illustrate the mechanism of spatial deprivation and points out that the polarization,institution and spatial intrusion have great effects on it.The distance and scales of county and core-city correlate closely with the intensity of spatial deprivation.On the analyzing of central area of Jilin province,this thesis lays out the developmental path of counties under spatial deprivation: first,to develop the industries according to its development in core-city;second,to transfer the economic barycenter in suitable time;third,to perfect the local financial system.At last,the author points out some problems we must face when we rectify the current governance institution.


Scene graph generation is conventionally evaluated by (mean) Recall@K, which measures the ratio of correctly predicted triplets that appear in the ground truth. However, such triplet-oriented metrics cannot capture the global semantic information of scene graphs, and measure the similarity between images and generated scene graphs. The usability of scene graphs is therefore limited in downstream tasks. To address this issue, a framework that can measure the similarity of scene graphs and images is urgently required. Motivated by the successful application of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), we propose a novel contrastive learning framework consisting of a graph Transformer and an image Transformer to align scene graphs and their corresponding images in the shared latent space. To enable the graph Transformer to comprehend the scene graph structure and extract representative features, we introduce a graph serialization technique that transforms a scene graph into a sequence with structural encoding. Based on our framework, we introduce R-Precision measuring image retrieval accuracy as a new evaluation metric for scene graph generation and establish new benchmarks for the Visual Genome and Open Images datasets. A series of experiments are further conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the graph Transformer, which shows great potential as a scene graph encoder.


Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) is a distributed computing paradigm that utilizes smart vehicles (SVs) as computational cloudlets (edge nodes) by virtue of their inherent attributes such as mobility, low operating costs, flexible deployment, and wireless communication ability. VEC extends edge computing services by expanding computing coverage and further improving quality-of-services (QoS) for devices. Due to limited onboard energy and computation capabilities of SV-mounted cloudlets, a single vehicle might not be able to execute a large number of tasks and guarantee their desired QoS. To address this problem, the overloaded vehicle can fulfill its overwhelming workload by offloading its tasks to other available connected vehicles. However, data privacy and accessibility are of critical importance that need to be considered for offloading. In this paper, we propose privacy-by-design offloading solutions for VEC to facilitate latency requirements of user demands and reduce energy consumption of vehicles.We formulate the Data pRotection Offloading Problem (DROP) as an Integer Program and prove its NP-hardness. To provide computationally tractable solutions, we propose three distributed algorithms by leveraging graph theory to solve this problem. We evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms by extensive experiments and compare them to the optimal results obtained by IBM ILOG CPLEX. The results demonstrate the flexibility, scalability, and cost efficiency of our proposed algorithms in providing practical privacy-by-design offloading solutions enabling edge services along the cloud-to-thing continuum.


Background: The HIV epidemic in Nigeria is concentrated in Key Populations (KP), people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and partners of people living with HIV. Due to stigma and discrimination, these groups have poor access to HIV testing services (HTS) and linkage to treatment is challenging. To address this gap, index case testing, targeting sexual contacts and injecting partners of KP index clients, was introduced in 2017.MethodsHTS was offered between October 1, 2018 and September 30, 2019 in nightclubs, hotels, or community-based ART clinics in Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Lagos states. Index testing was assisted by peer navigators. In-person and social network methods were used to mobilize partners of KP. We described the feasibility of implementing index testing, analyzed Partner Notification (PN) delivery models, and calculated HIV seropositivity among persons who underwent Index Testing.

Findings: We found that a mixed approach to partner notification was effective. PN was predominantly done through provider referral 5,159 (68.3%) and passive referral 2,278 (30.1%). A total of 3,119 index partners; 1,322 FSW (42.4%), 1,255 MSM (40.2%) and 542 PWID (17.4%) identified 8,989 sexual and injecting partners (average of 2.9 per index client). Among the partners, 7,556 (84.1%) were first-time testers, and 79.4% (5,999) of male partners tested. Of the 3,753 (49.7%) partners tested HIV-positive, 3,492 (93.0%) were enrolled in HIV care. HIV seropositivity rate was 65.5% (1,021/1,557) among females and 45.5% (2,732/5,999) among males and was disproportionately higher among PWID injecting partners 99.1% (581/586), PWID sexual partners 98.9% (433/438) and MSM sexual partners 95.6% (605/633) in Cross river compared with 71.4% (575/805) in FSW sexual partners.

Interpretations: Including index case testing as part of community led HTS is feasible and effective, particularly for reaching first-time testers, many male KP and persons not yet diagnosed with HIV. Scale-up of index case testing within community-led HTS for KP is essential for achieving the United Nations 90-90-90 goals.

Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. OK was supported by a professorship grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 163878) and a Swiss National Science Foundation project grant (320030_192452).

Declaration of Interest: None to declare.

Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Federal Capital Territory, Health Research Ethics Committee, Nigeria (approval no: FHREC/2020/01/123/12-11-20). This study only analyzed anonymized and de-identified data.


Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is thought to involve, almost invariably, the expansion of a clone of CD5-expressing human B lymphocytes.' These cells have been studied in order to increase understanding about both the normal features of this small subset of human B cells and the abnormal features of the B cells expanded in the disease. Studies in mice suggest that CD5+ B cells develop from progenitors distinct from those for conventional CD.5B cells,? and follow a separate differentiation pathway. Thus, CD5 expression is a frequently used marker of either a genetically* or functionally3 derived B-cell lineage. In vitro studies in man have suggested that CD5 expression is not stable, however, and may represent an activation and/or differentiation marker.4 Studies have not identified alterations in CD5 expression among human B cells in uiuo. Recently, our laboratory studied the IgvH genes of a cohort of CLL patients whose CD.5' B cells produce IgG.' In many cases, these B cells used VH genes that had undergone somatic diversification, either at the time of recombination or subsequently.6 These somatic events resulted in unique VH gene sequences that serve as unequivocal markers of the CLL clone. One of these patient's B cells (CLL #030) used the HI1 VH3 gene with characteristic mutations and N region additions. FIGURE 1 illustrates the nucleic acid (A) and amino acid (B) sequences of this B-cell clone. Although originally this patient's B cells comprised primarily IgGK+ CD5+ cells,4 over a three-year period the peripheral blood B cells developed two populations of IgG-expressing cells, one co-expressing CD.5 and the other not. In order to test the possibility that clonal evolution had resulted in the loss of CD.5 among certain of the CLL B cells, the circulating IgGK-expressing cells were sorted by FACS into CD5+ and CD5fractions. The IgV, sequences of the two sets of B cells then were analyzed. Surprisingly, both fractions were found to have the


Storage and transfer of heat in soils is governed by the soil thermal properties and these properties are therefore needed in many agricultural and engineering applications. In this paper we discuss solutions of the heat flow equation applicable to single and dual probe transient heating methods, and describe measurements made on air-dry sand to show how these methods can be used to obtain soil thermal properties. Measurements show that the two methods yield similar values of thermal conductivity. When determining thermal conductivity from the single probe data, it is best to use nonlinear curve fitting and to include a correction term in the model to account for the presence of the probe. Measurements of volumetric heat capacity made by using the dual probe heat-pulse method agreed well with independent estimates obtained using the de Vries method of summing the heat capacities of the soil constituents. The advantage of using the dual probe method together with the appropriate heat-pulse theory rather than the single probe is that all three soil thermal properties, the thermal diffusivity, volumetric heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, can be determined from a single heat-pulse measurement. Instantaneous heat-pulse theory can be used with the dual probe method to determine heat capacity from short duration heat-pulse data, but it should not be used to determine the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity.


Tibial spine fractures are rare and highly associated with instability of the knee as it is where the anterior cruciate ligament attaches. Malunion or nonunion are common complication of tibial spine fractures with loss of knee extension as the major problem. We report a case of a 30-year-old female with a neglected malunion tibial spine avulsion fracture of the right knee joint. She came to our clinic with knee pain and loss of extension due to malunion with impingement anteriorly of the tibial spine on the notch, which previously managed as osteoarthritis and planned for replacement in another hospital. We performed tibial spine excision, sacrificed the ACL remnants, and reconstructed it with hamstring tendons per arthroscopic. Post-operatively, the patient was able to fully extend the knee without any pain and instability. In this report, we present an alternative method regarding the treatment for malunion of tibial spine fractures.


The purpose of the study is to determine measures to improve the efficiency of the personnel management system in the civil service. The article highlights the issues of improving the personnel management system in the civil service, identifies the features of personnel management in the civil service, touches upon the moments of motivation and incentives for civil servants. The authors carried out a sociological study among the employees of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Buryatia. Scientific novelty lies in the proposed personnel management system, which, in contrast to the existing ones, reflects the specifics of the civil service and allows the most effective management decisions of personnel management. As a result, measures were identified that are aimed at efficient, fast and convenient work of the Ministry's employees, at retaining young specialists, effective motivation and interest of personnel in labor activities.


SummaryNo bee of either species collected mixed pollen on all foraging trips on the same day, or on each of the 5 days observed. Pollen availability decreased from morning to afternoon, and some pollen foragers of both species then changed to nectar collection, but they resumed collection of the original pollen next morning. The two species showed similar behaviour in pollen foraging, with minor differences.


The administration of regional government is part of the administration of the NKRI government which mutually forms authority and financial relations between them. The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2022 perfects the pattern of central and regional financial relations and increases control from the central government over the implementation of the APBD through reward and punishment. The problem is how the policy of awarding and punishment is based on Law Number 1 of 2022 and efforts to improve it. Through normative juridical research methods and by making comparisons with China, it can be concluded that the policy of awarding and sanctioning is a form of responsibility of the central government as the giver of authority along with the allocation of funds as well as supervisors to ensure improvement and/or achievement of local government performance in terms of regional financial management , government public services and basic services. Efforts to improve it are carried out by improving financial governance in accordance with the concept of performance-based budgeting, paying attention to the placement of staff, the budgeting process through community participation, timely determination of technical guidelines and implementation instructions for budget disbursement, as well as correction of the APBD through central supervision which directly supervises regional development. Looking at the policies in China, there is an expansion in the form of awards that are given not only as incentives in the form of additional money but also by giving more authority to the regions.


The thermal energy storage system utilizing the latent heat of fluoride salts phase change is a critical component of a solar dynamic system,and the performance of heat transfer directly influence the characteristic of all the power system. The research is introduced from the structural design,and the main problem existed in research is also discussed. The trend of the heat receiver in high temperature solid-liquid phase change thermal energy storage system development is put forward.


The research was carried out under supervision of Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ilyas at National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Pakistan. In this book synthesis and characterization of oxides of Mn, Co and Ni and investigation of their catalytic activities for oxidation reactions has been described. Prepared oxides were used as catalysts for oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous and non-aqueous medium and for degradation of phenol and oxalic acid in aqueous medium.


This essay examines Norwegian monetary policy under the final decades of the classical international gold standard regime prior to World War I. While the evidence clearly demonstrates that the commitment to gold convertibility was the overall objective, the character of monetary policy was determined by the inherent tension between Norges Bank's role as the guardian of the nation's most important reserve of foreign exchange and the role as manager of the domestic currency. In order to solve this tension, a core point of monetary policy was to shelter the domestic money supply from changes in the balance of payments. Rather than forcefully reducing domestic circulation during seasonal fluctuations in the flow of gold, Norges Bank operated with a relatively large reserve of notes and foreign securities which took the strain. The effect of this policy was interest rate smoothing and increased freedom for exercising discretionary judgment. Moreover, I present evidence demonstrating that interest rate decisions were influenced by a number of domestic concerns and not only the external balance.


This paper examines how the French state responded to the crisis of sovereignty it faced in late-colonial Algeria by confining Algerian civilians in regroupment camps, as well as by the way that it approached people living in the shantytowns of Algiers. It concludes that although different modalities of power distinguished the regroupment camps from the shantytowns, that both sought to neutralize the political agency of Algerians.


Due to the growing pace of urbanization and the rapid expansion of the population, the utilities nowadays are facing a more challenging task than ever before, to maintain the functionality of their massive Water Distribution Networks. In this paper, three different techniques are presented for the maximization of network robustness against random pipe-bursts. This paper analyses the vulnerability of segments of WDNs from the viewpoint of the consumers that is the product of the failure rate and the relative demand loss. Topological parameters could approximate the vulnerability. During the investigation, 27 real-life WDNs were analyzed from the region of Western Hungary. In two networks, a complete isolation valve replacement optimization is presented using these low-cost topological parameters as fitness functions. It is proved that by rearranging the isolation valves of the WDN, using a standard genetic algorithm and a fast-evaluated fitness function, the nature of the vulnerability distribution can be changed to a more favorable one. This means that it is possible to increase the robustness of a WDN even without using a calibrated hydraulic model; since these topological parameters can be extracted from simple databases.


Cross sections for the production of recoil ions were measured for collisions of highly charged Un+ (n approximately=65-75) projectile ions with argon and xenon as a function of the projectile velocity (3.6-15.5 MeV u-1) and the final charge states of both collision partners. A recoil-ion-projectile-ion coincidence technique made it possible to distinguish between pure ionisation of the target and ionisation of the target plus capture of one or more electrons into bound state of the projectile (CI). It was found that hydrogen-like and bare argon ions are most efficiently produced at the highest velocity investigated by pure ionisation with cross sections that exceed 10-18 cm2. Highly charged xenon ions, however, are also most effectively created at the highest velocity but via the CI reaction channel.


It's a busy time of the year as we ramp up our Standards Activity in preparation for the 2021 Joint IEEE International Symposium on EMC+SIPI and EMC Europe. This year the symposium will be held virtually which means our many Standards Committee meetings are OPEN to anyone with an interest in the topics under discussion. Most meetings will take place from August 2 - 20; please check the symposium website (www.emc2021.org) often to get the updated schedule of meetings. If you are interested in attending a meeting virtually, please register via the symposium website for a no cost "guest pass." Your registration will enable access to these meetings for FREE. We hope to "see" you at one of the standards-related meetings!


Instrument panel for a motor vehicle passenger compartment having an airbag apparatus, wherein the instrument panel (10) comprising: An opening (14) firmly Understanding substrate (12), a with the substrate (12) pivotally connected flap (24) for covering the opening (14), an adhesive tape (40) which is fixed to the flap (24) and on portions of the substrate (12) to secure the flap (24) in the closed position and (a sealing engagement between the periphery of the flap (24) and the substrate to form 12) wherein the adhesive tape (40) covering the entire surface, the flap (24) and extending continuously outwardly beyond the periphery of the flap (24) on portions of the substrate (12) adjacent to the flap (24) and a tearable paper backing (43) in opposition has to the substrate (12) to reinforce the sealing engagement, while a tensile break of the adhesive tape (40) is possible when the flap (24) is forced into the open position by deployment of the airbag device (16).


Defect and fault seeding is often considered for gathering empirical estimates within reliability models. Traditional defect seeding is fraught with difficult to resolve validity concerns when attempting to estimate true defect and fault populations. With dependability benchmarking we are less concerned about true defect and fault estimates, rather we wish to compare the relative effectiveness of dependability approaches. We propose that in this context the traditional concerns regarding defect and fault seeding techniques may not be as difficult to address and that potential new approaches may be useful as a means of benchmarking approaches to dependability.


Infrasound propagation depends critically on the temperature and wind velocity profiles at the time of signal propagation. These vary wildly, showing at best qualitative systematic behavior. It follows that any predictions of signal detection capability are necessarily statistical in nature. One approach is to collect a large number of historical temperature and wind velocity profiles, for a specific time and location, and use this as a sample space from which to generate a statistical model for the atmosphere as a propagation medium. To generate a statistical model for the expected transmission loss one must run a propagation model through a sampling of atmospheric profiles sufficient to reproduce the statistical behavior. The sampling is done using an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decomposition. The advantages of the use of an EOF decomposition will be discussed and examples from transition zone (ranges less than 100 km) and regional (ranges of several hundreds of kilometers) will be presented. Given a model for the turbulent pressure fluctuation levels near a receiving array, signal detection probability functions can be estimated.


This paper deals with an open-circuit fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant scheme for a three-level boost converter in a PV power system. The main objective of this project is to control the converters under any fault condition and protect the battery from charging low voltage. The main problem for a more extensive implementation of solar system has been the reliability, mainly related to the power converters. The fault-tolerant strategy requires only a few components added to the original three-level boost converter, so that, under an open-circuit power switch fault, it can be partly reconfigured into a two-level boost converter ensuring battery energy supply. This control is done by the fuzzy logic controller. The fuzzy controller ensures the pulse width changes to the healthy converter switch. Experimental results verify the proposed method.


In preventing a child from getting trap into detrimental social problems that are intensifying among teenagers today, parents should employ a correct and effective methodology in educating their children. News regarding the negative trends indirectly indicate the existence of flaws and weaknessess in the parental education methodology. Hence, parents need to realize that one way to resolve the problem is by practicing the methodology that has been used by Rasulullah s.a.w. in educating his companions. A quantitative study was conducted to examine the application level of the Rasulullah s.a.w. methodology among the woman staff of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) in educating their children between the aged of 4 to 12 years old. A total of 306 respondents consisting of administrative and academic staff has participated in the study. The questionnaire method was employed for data collection, whilst the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for data analysis. The findings reveal that majority of the UUM woman staff has applied the Rasulullah s.a.w. methodology in educating their children. Thus, it can be concluded that majority of them has been practicing the right methodology in educating their children. This study is also expected to give parents an awareness of the importance of educating the children based on the Sunnah of Rasulullah s.a.w. so that the harmful social problems among the younger generations can be lessened and eventually more Muslim individuals with high moral and personality can be nurtured. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Proteins are essential for life and as such have been deemed useful as therapeutic agents. However, the complexities that make proteins important for biological processes can also make their behaviour complicated. Such behaviour can make production, processing and formulation of protein pharmaceuticals problematic. A therapeutic protein test system has been examined using infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to increase understanding of its behaviour. It has been show that the protein thermally denatures at 47 °C and that this is accompanied by changes to the structure.


Currently, lots of medical applications are investigated by using natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides. In this field chitosan is probably
one of the most employed polysaccharides possessing very high pharmaceutical potential due to its chemo-physical and biological properties.
The recent progresses in chemistry and biotechnologies apply to chitosan such as chemical and enzymatic modification allowed us to synthesize
lot of biodegradable and biocompatible chitosan derivatives with huge impact in antimicrobial area. This present opinion describes the most
widely described strategies for generate antimicrobial chitosan and derivatives by chemical/enzymatic structural macromolecular modification.


The synergism of combined use between oral finasteride and topical minoxidil has been established in treating androgenetic alopecia among men. However, the concern regarding adverse effects of finasteride use has been rising.


This study was conducted to identify the effects of baby care using dolls on nursing students' contraceptive attitude, sexual attitude, and recognition of unmarried mothers. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects of the study were 104 nursing college students who agreed to participate. The control group (n=52) received lecture sex education while the experimental group (n=52) received lecture sex education and baby care education using a doll. The contraceptive attitude, sexual attitude, and unmarried mother's recognition were then examined. Data were collected from September to December, 2017 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ-tests, and t-tests with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. The scores of contraceptive attitude differed significantly between the experimental group and the control group (t=4.66, p=<0.001). Additionally, the sexual attitude score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (t=-2.23, p=0.028), with pleasure playfulness showing a significant decrease (F=3.96, p=<0.001). However, recognition of unmarried mothers did not differ significantly between groups (t=-0.08, p=0.937). Overall, the results showed that baby care using a doll has positive effects on contraceptive attitude and sexual attitude. In the future, effective sex education should include methods that complement lectures.


From the study of the electronic and phonon contribution to the specific heat and the temperature and field dependence of the electrical resistivity of the metallic glass Fe20Zr80 the main relevant parameters for the characterisation of the superconducting behaviour were derived, i.e. bare density of states Nb(EF), electron-phonon interaction constant lambda ep and spin-fluctuation mass enhancement lambda sf. The low value of lambda sf ( approximately=0.03) means the electron interaction with spin fluctuations has little influence on the critical temperature Tc of Fe20Zr80.


Potential ferroelectricity in charge-transfer organic materials is often masked by the intrinsic conductivity. Here, we report the compelling evidence of ferroelectricity in organic π-conjugated meta-nitroaniline (m-NA) crystals as shown by the local electromechanical measurements using the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) technique. m-NA is a charge-transfer molecular material with the exceptional optical non-linearity and perceptible conductivity along the crystallographic polar axis. While standard Sawyer-Tower measurements revealed an apparently lossy-dielectric hysteresis, The PFM switching spectroscopy indicated clear ferroelectric behaviour in this technologically important multifunctional material. Further study of the pyroelectric properties in m-NA crystals confirmed their high spontaneous polarization of 18 μC/cm2 at room temperature, comparable to the best known organic ferroelectrics.


Experiments have been performed with a series of carbonaceous materials in a displacement reactor, and the rate constants calculated from the experimental results have been compared with the results of a determination of reactivity in accordance with GOST 10089-73.


To estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV) in Portuguese male adolescents and; test the effect of maturational status in physical fitness attributes and individual game performance of U-14 basketball players. One mixed-longitudinal cohort with a sample of 439 Portuguese male adolescents and; one cross sectional sample of 172 Portuguese elite U-14 basketball players. The on-time group was defined within a 1-year band (more or less) from mean APHV. Preece-Baines model 1 was adopted to fit the mean stature curve. Independent samples t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed and effect size (partial eta square) was calculated. The growth fitting revealed an APHV around 13.45 years for Portuguese male adolescents. Early maturing players exceeded significantly their peers in body size and composition, jump power and upper body strength. Early and on-time maturing players scored better in rebounds won per game (APHV = 13.81, 13.30 years), Performance Index Rating (PIR) and points scored per minute. Maturation influences morphology attributes and strength regardless of the APHV (13.81, 13.45, 13.30 years) used to obtain the cut-off points. It is recommended to use the new Portuguese mean APHV value to avoid extreme classifying bias groups.


Carbon neutrality is an important target in China's efforts to combat the climate crisis. The implementation of carbon neutrality requires high crop yields in farmland ecosystems of arid regions. However, the responses of farmland ecosystems to environmental changes and their effects on the conversion and intensity of carbon sources/sinks within farmlands in arid regions remain unclear, which limits carbon sequestration. In this study, we used a set of eddy covariance systems to observe carbon and water fluxes in cotton and spring maize, two typical crops in arid regions of Northern Xinjiang in China. The carbon and water exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton and spring maize were evaluated over the entire growth cycle with respect to changes in the environment. Our results show that the carbon sequestration capacity of farmland ecosystems in arid regions is undeniable and is strongly influenced by the growth and development of plants. Spring maize, as a representative of C4 plants, exhibited a 58.4% higher carbon sequestration efficiency than cotton, a C3 plant, and they both reached their carbon sequestration efficiency peak in July. Throughout the growth period, temperature, net surface radiation, and saturated vapor pressure differences (VPD) significantly affected the carbon sequestration capacity and WUE of both crops. Optimal temperatures can maximize the carbon sequestration efficiency of cotton and spring maize; for cotton, they are 20–25 °C, and for spring maize, they are 22–27 °C, respectively. In addition, it is recommended that spring maize be harvested at the end of July when it meets the harvesting standards for silage feed and achieves the maximum carbon sequestration. Afterward, winter crops should be planted to maximize the yield and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of farmlands.


In this paper, we extend the previous results on trajectory linearization observer (TLO) for SISO to MIMO nonlinear time-varying (NLTV) systems, and extend the highgain observer theory for linear time-invariant (LTI) observer error dynamics to linear time-varying (LTV) observer error dynamics, using the (time-varying) PD-eigenvalue assignment method. In addition, the time-varying high gain TLO alleviates the slowly varying restriction, and relaxes the restriction of existing time-invariant nonlinear high gain observer to affine nonlinear systems to allow for any linearizable NLTV system.


- Growing demand for .public transport in cities has serious effect on urban ecosystem and ecologically sustainable urban transport system could be obtained by an appropriate mix of alternative modes of transport resulting in use of environmental friendly fuels and land used patterns. The Mumbai Metro line 3 brings no of benefits and opportunities. Which gives safe of art modern Metro Rail system also gives you connectivity to direct important destinations. TBM (tunnel boring machine) is used to carried out tunneling, Track structure satisfy the technical requirements like dimensions, vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, ride comfort, rail welding, ultrasonic testing of rail and welding etc. The track technologies achieve sustainable development of high speed railway. Metro route maps created as per traffic study and evaluated in accurate manner by GIS and Global Mapper to find out the shortest distance. Ballast less track consists of prefabricated slab just under five meters long. Slip form paving seems to have obvious advantages on sub-grade slab with bending resistance are having big potential and affordable.


BACKGROUND
There are limited data regarding the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine some markers of vascular function, including VEGF, active renin and prostaglandin E (2) (PGE (2)) in patients with endocrine hypertension resulting from Cushing's syndrome.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study comprised 32 patients with active Cushing's syndrome, 22 patients with essential hypertension, and 24 healthy volunteers.

RESULTS
VEGF was significantly elevated in the groups of patients compared to controls. VEGF levels in the patients with Cushing's syndrome were significantly higher than in patients with essential hypertension. We did not find significant differences in VEGF levels between patients with Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal tumor. Active renin and PGE (2) levels did not differ significantly among groups.

CONCLUSION
VEGF levels were significantly elevated in endocrine hypertension due to glucocorticoid excess. Higher VEGF levels were detected in patients with Cushing's syndrome compared to patients with essential hypertension. Based on our results, we could not judge the extent to which this VEGF elevation in the patients with Cushing's syndrome was due to the hypertension itself and/or to the presence of adrenal tumor/hyperplasia.


Teaching material is one of the aspects to improve scientific literacy skills had by students, but based on the analysis of school textbooks, especially on acid-base materials, 2 chemistry textbook do not yet have the maximum application of scientific literacy. The aim of this research is to develop acid base e-module based on scientific literacy. The method implemented is Research and Development (R and D) method by Borg and Gall which is limited to 7 out of 10 stages. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire of validity and practicality. Validation was carried out by 5 validators while the practicality test was distributed to 2 chemistry teachers and 20 students of Class XI Science of SMA Negeri 10 Medan. Based on the validation results obtained from the validators, the average result is 4,70 which a very feasible criteria. The average value of teachers and students practicality responses was 4,60 and 4,42 with a very feasible criteria so it was concluded the acid-base e-module based on scientific literacy is valid, practical and also feasible to be used in learning activities for high school students. The follow-up of this research is to conduct a trial of the effectiveness of using e-modules in improving students' scientific literacy skills.


Educational policies for English language learners (ELLs) tend to focus on English language acquisition. In this chapter, we argue that educators need to give more attention to the development of bilingualism and biliteracy to draw upon the tremendous intellectual, linguistic, and cultural resources that bilingual children bring to our schools. Bilingual education programs have the potential to develop language resources of multilingual immigrant students and ELLs that are otherwise neglected in monolingual English programs. In their call for a new educational policy agenda to meet the needs of immigrant students, C. Suárez-Orozco and Suárez-Orozco (2009) argued that all students of the 21st century should be able to function in multiple languages. They recommended that the new administration "urge more schools to implement dual-language programs that, when well designed and managed, produce excellent results to prepare competent bilingual speakers, immigrant and native alike" (C.


The reproductive biology of soft corals in Hong Kong has never been investigated. The soft coral genus Lobophytum is a carpet-like encrusting coral and is commonly found in Tung Ping Chau Marine Park, Hong Kong SAR. Three samples from five marked Lobophytum sp. aggregations were collected monthly from 16 Aug 2006 to 7 Jul 2007. Histological sections of each sample were prepared and their gonadal development was observed under the microscope. From the histological analysis of the samples, all colonies bore only eggs. As Lobophytum was reported to be gonochoric, all the colonies sampled were therefore female. Male colonies may be missed during sampling. Oocytes from the samples measured increased in mean (±SD) diameter from 116.5±18.8 μm in Aug 2006 to 239.3±82.2 μm in Jun 2007, and dropped back to 93.0±23.2 μm in Jul 2007. This indicates that spawning of Lobophytum probably occurred in or before Jul 2007. The oocyte development appeared synchronized as shown in the simultaneous increase in their sizes. However, new oocytes likely developed before the release of the mature ones so that each cycle of development took more than one year to complete. Additional samples will be processed in order to confirm this initial observation.


vi classification. The system is used to compare the characteristics of yarns made on two different spinning systems and on two different opening and carding technologies. Signal processing tools applied to the bi-direction view yarn image have shown new dimension to fancy yarn analysis. The developed system is used for characterizing and deriving constructional parameters of slub


In spite of the occurrence of chiasma-like structures in mitotic and meiotic cells of Drosophila melanogaster males where crossing-over does not occur (Cooper, 1949; Slizynski, 1955), the 1 : 1 correspondence of chiasmata and genetical crossing-over is generally accepted, and is implicit in cytological theories of chromosome mapping. Genetic studies enable the construction of one-dimensional chromosome maps by transforming the recombination fractions between pairs of linked loci into genetical map distances. There is not necessarily any close correspondence between genetical map distance and the physical distance between the corresponding genes, since the probability of a cross-over per unit length is not necessarily uniform over the length of a chromosome. The genetical distances are reflected in the distribution of the cytologically visible chiasmata. The present data on chiasma frequency and distribution were obtained during a general study of human male meiosis. Technical details and the results of other cytological studies have been presented elsewhere (McDermott, 1966, 1969, 1971).


A previously healthy 83-year-old man presented to our emergency department with 3-day history of fever and dyspnea. Physical examination findings were as follows: oral temperature of 38.2°C, pulse rate of 119 beats/min, respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min, blood pressure of 108/67 mmHg and diffuse crackles over bilateral lungs. Clinical laboratory findings were as follows: white blood cell count of 10.8 × 103/μl with 95% neutrophils, 3.2% lymphocytes, 1.7% monocytes, hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dl and platelets of 216 × 103/μl. Chest radiography revealed increased interstitial marking and ground-glass opacities of both lungs (Figure 1A). The patient received oral endotracheal intubation on account of persistent dyspnea and hypoxiemia.

Figure 1
( A ) Chest radiograph revealed increased interstitial marking, ground-glass opacities and patchy infiltration of the both lungs (obtained at our emergency department). ( B ) Chest radiograph revealed resolutions of these increased interstitial marking and ground-glass opacities of the both lungs (obtained 3 months after admission).

On admission, a high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities with thickening of interlobular septa of both lungs (Figure 2). Sputum bacterial cultures were negative. Other tests for pulmonary pathogens were performed, including a tuberculosis culture, acid-fast stain, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Pneumocystis jiroveci , cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HERPES simplex virus, and blood tests for CMV and Cryptococcus antigens.

Figure 2
Computed tomography of the chest revealed diffuse ground-glass-opacities with thickening of interlobular septa of both lungs …


The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic/organic hybrid materials, in particular to a bimetal nano particle catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the precursor of the catalyst in a mixed solvent by utilizing different solubilities of nickel acetylacetonate, platinum acetylacetonate and palladium acetylacetonate in different organic solvents or utilizing the synergistic action of platinum and palladium nano particles in the growth process, and finally, enabling the bimetal nano particles to be uniformly distributed on the surface of carbon nanotubes, thereby obtaining the bimetal nano particle catalyst. The composite catalyst has favorable catalysis performance in the catalytic organic coupled reaction, and the catalysis performance has potential application prospects in organic synthesis.


Mexico is a diversity country, culturally and linguistically speaking. Because of these and because the importance of interculturality proposed by the syllabus for mexican public education, we got interested in a particular community: the Tee Savi children (mixtecos). Particularly, we asked about the strategies they use into solving formal and practical arithmetic problems. Identifying those strategies allows us, among other things, to compare their efficiency in problem solving, specially on those kind of problems we mentioned before. We use the multiple case studies as research PALABRAS CLAVE: - Estrategias - Resolucion de problemas - Ninos Tee Savi - Problemas aritmeticos formales - Problemas aritmeticos practicos


The heterogeneous response to fiscal consolidation observed across countries following the 2008 Financial Crisis recalled the debate about the determinants of fiscal multipliers. The upsurging literature suggests that the effects of fiscal consolidation depend on country characteristics. In this research project, we propose a new dimension that can help understand these heterogeneous responses: public sector employment. We aim to contribute to the literature, both empirically and theoretically, by presenting empirical evidence and a general equilibrium model that captures the main mechanisms through which public sector employment may affect the size of fiscal


The kinetics of chemisorption are analyzed by aid of a very simple model. Due account is taken of the role played by geometrical factors (resulting from the finite size of the molecules) whereas both possible modifications of the activation energy with surface coverage and dissociation on the surface are neglected. The physical aspects of the model are discussed. Some exact numerical results as obtained by the Monte Carlo method are given. The mathematical formulation of the problem is made, yielding an approximate kinetic equation where steric effects are taken account of. The possibility is discussed for this model to be generalized in a more complete theory as well as its interest for further studies in the field of elementary heterogeneous catalytic reactions.


The traffic flow management is primarily done through traffic signals, whose inefficient control causes numerous problems, such as long waiting time and huge waste of energy. To improve traffic flow efficiency, obtaining real-time traffic information as an input and dynamically adjusting the traffic signal duration accordingly is essential. Among the existing methods, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown to be the most effective solution. In this paper, a dynamic mechanism to control the traffic signal of a large scale road network is proposed using policy gradient method. A single agent is trained with spatio–temporal data of the multiple intersections of the network to alleviate congestion. The proposed system is implemented in two different types of deep bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed system could reduce traffic congestion in terms of different simulation metrics during high density traffic flows.


The greatest problem with which we are confronted in the practice of gynecology is startlingly evident from the fact that " among white women cancer is the leading cause of death by a considerable margin for the 20-year period from 35-54 years of age. A study of the current statistics indicates that, if present conditions of mortality remain unchanged, cancer will take as its toll by death 14 out of every 100 women. " 1 If we had no means of attacking this scourge, it would be discouraging enough to know as a certainty that 14 percent, or one in every seven, of the women in the prime of life are going to die from this disease. The fact that this situation persists (in spite of knowledge that we can cure 96% of certain very malignant tumors, specifically those of the cervix) is the greatest condemnation of the present lay and professional handling of cancer. Bowen 2 reported two cases of " precancerous derma-toses " that had been present 19 and four years without becoming invasive but which showed the cytological changes found in undoubted cancers. Although the illustrations of his second case have been used to demonstrate what is now called Bowen's disease, the lesion had not become invasive. In fact Bowen credited Wende 3 with demonstrating what had been suspected by others, namely, that these intraepithelial changes could progress to true malignancy. Schottlander and Kermauner 4 have been credited with observing the The Gynecologic Cancer Detection Clinic, one of a very few in that era, was established in the face of no efficacious screening modalities for cervical cancer, a potentially lethal disease that was rampant at the time. Since then, screening for cervical cancer—and more important, screening for the precursors of cervical cancer—has undergone a dramatic evolution and is the focus of this commentary. Although screening programs for ovarian and endometrial cancers also have been proposed, a litany of limitations has prevented adoption of these proposals, and no screening standards have yet been established. In the early 1940s, Dr George Papanicolaou proposed cytologic evaluation of cervical cells exfoli-ated into the vaginal pool. This method of screening for cervical cancer was further refined by Ayre in 1947 with the introduction of a wooden spatula to physically scrape cells directly from the cervical surface. Subsequently, routine practice came to include sampling of the endocervical canal by using a cotton-tipped applicator, …


The correlations between soil nutrients in Baoshan and the contents of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco were analyzed with descriptive statistics analysis and canonical correlation analysis.The results indicated that:1)Soils in tobacco-growing in Baoshan were generally rich in nutrients but the nutrients were not evenly distributed.The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were higher,the contents of nicotine and total N were suitable,the contents of K and Cl were lower in flue-cured tobacco;2)Within a certain range,there was significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the contents of nicotine,total N in flue-cured tobacco and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N,available B in soil,a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,ratio of potassium to chlorine,ratio of total sugar to nicotine,ratio of total N to nicotine in flue-cured tobacco and the contents of available P,available Mg in soil;3)In order to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan,it was necessary to control N fertilizer,apply more P and trace elements and promote the utilization of K fertilizer in soil.


This article describes the educational methodology related to the 'Software and Protocols Engineering: Software for Medical Equipment' subject, belonging to the Engineering School of the University of Navarra (TECNUN). The integral design of embedded systems is successfully overcome through the use of techniques from Software Engineering and Systems Engineering, and the novel use of the Rhapsody® tool, applied to the biomedical environment. In this sense, the organization and contents of the subject are shown, as well as an example of a project carried out by some students.


Excerpt] Recently, the lead author took his family to a small, family-oriented water park in upstate New York. During the visit, a boy about 15 years old cut his foot while exiting one of the more popular attractions. His injury was fairly severe and required medical attention. The park staff responded promptly and professionally. First aid was rendered, and the injured guest and his family appeared to be quite satisfied with the care they were given. After the injured guest and his family had left, several employees stayed at the scene and cleaned up the area where the incident took place. As the employees were cleaning the area, they were approached by several park guests who asked what had happened. The employees continued to perform their cleaning duties but took the time to answer the questions that were asked. Their responses were accurate, reassuring, and seemed to satisfy everyone's curiosity. As we left the park, we found the general manager, who was thanking all of the departing guests for coming to the park. We complimented him on his staff and their management of the situation. We explained that his employees appeared to have a firm grasp on the technical skills necessary to perform one of the primary functions of their jobs— adhering to safety and sanitation standards—as well as the ability to manage sensitive interactions with guests. The general manager thanked us, and then, without prompting, told us that he looks for employees who can "do the basics first and then keep a smile on their face when things go wrong."


An ultra-wideband network system having a high-speed mode and low-speed mode selecting function and a method thereof are provided to enable a high-speed MB-OFDM(Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) type and a low-speed DS-CDMA(Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) type to coexist, thereby operating by selecting a high-speed mode or a low-speed mode according to transceived data. An MB-OFDM modem(210) modulates a signal to be transmitted into an MB-OFDM type signal. A DS-CDMA modem(212) modulates the signal to be transmitted into a DS-CDMA type signal. A mode switching unit(220) switches/connects to the MB-OFDM modem(210) or the DS-CDMA modem(212) according to a high-speed mode control signal or a low-speed mode control signal. A PLL(Phase Locked Loop)(290) shifts a frequency phase according to a phase control signal, and fixes the shifted phase as an MB-OFDM or DS-CDMA type frequency phase. A central controller(222) delivers the high-speed control signal or the low-speed control signal to the switching unit(220) according to a user's mode selecting action, and delivers the phase control signal for adjusting a phase of a frequency to be usable in an operational mode to the PLL(290) according to the user's mode selecting action.


Flashover, often resulting in fatal disaster, is a special transition phenomenon. The occurrence of flashover depends on many parameters. Among these factors, fire source plays an important role. The effect of its heat release rate (hrr) on flashover in a single room using FDS5 is studied, and a regression analysis on the correlation of heat release rate with flashover time via SPSS is presented.


Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease involving a "vicious circle" of complex interactions between host, respiratory pathogens, and environmental factors.With the wide application of high-resolution CT, the diagnostic rate of bronchiectasis has been improved and the etiology and pathology of bronchiectasis have been promoted.After infection, cystic fibrosis, primary immunodeficiency disease, bronchial foreign body and primary ciliary dyskinesia are the main causes of bronchiectasis, and the clinical manifestations of bronchiectasis in children are not specific.HRCT examination should be conducted as early as possible for children suspected of bronchiectasis, and the potential etiology should be actively sought for children.This paper summarizes the recent progress of the etiology of bronchiectasis in children, and provides the clinical data for the correct understanding of the etiology of bronchiectasis.

Key words:
Children; Bronchiectasis; Etiology


An analysis of weak quantum fluctuations of a spatial soliton in a laser with fast saturable absorption in the possible presence of weak holding radiation is carried out. In the c-number representation with adiabatic elimination of atomic variables, the master Heisenberg–Langevin equation is linearized in the vicinity of a stable classical (in the absence of fluctuations) laser soliton. The linearized equation's solution is constructed on the basis of the spectral expansion in eigenfunctions of the evolution operator unperturbed by fluctuations. The discrete spectrum of this operator is found and used to determine the mean values of the squared fluctuations of the coordinates of the soliton center and its momentum. A comparison is made with similar fluctuations in driven interferometers with Kerr non-linearity of the medium.


A framework is developed for the interactions among the diverse groups involved in operational fisheries oceanography: fishing industry, basic and operational researchers, and tactical and strategic stock assessment managers. The basis for these interactions is the need for accurate and timely information, information so complex and diverse that no single sector of the community can efficiently and economically satisfy its own information requirements. Some presently available remotely-sensed data and analysis methods that have potential for providing part of the required information are presented. Projections of future capabilities in this area also are made. The increased use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and near-real-time communication networks among the various sectors of the community also is discussed.


Carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter and carbonate in surface sediments from lakes in Songnen Plain,northeast of China,were carried out.n-alkanes carbon distribution characteristics of the organic matter in lake sediments were also analyzed to identify the source of organic matter and sedimentary environment in these lakes.With the limnological characteristics of water and sediment,the influencing factors on isotopic composition in sedimentary organic matter and carbonate were discussed.The results showed that types of organic matter affected the carbon isotopic composition.13C of carbonate depleted by input of biologic organic matter and enriched by input of oil pollution.


The adjuvant properties of micelles of nonionic detergent and E. coli lipids, as well as of selenium nanoparticles, were studied in the course of immunization with antigens of the diagnostic tuberculin (). As the structural basis of micelles, a commercial non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 or Escherichia coli Б-5 lipids isolated from bacterial cells by Folch extraction were used. Particles of reduced selenium were obtained by reducing selenious acid with sodium thiosulfate in the presence of PPD. Micelles of lipid E. B-5 with PPD antigens were obtained by hydration of a dry film of lipids of the bacteria together with PPD The Triton X-114 micelles were prepared by dissolving the detergent in the PPD solution. The formation of antibodies against PPD and Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells was studied in immunization of white mice with these constructs in comparison with the PPD immunization, using the indirect dot-immunoassay method, as well as immunoturbodimetrically.
Immunization of mice with E. coli B-5 lipid or Triton X-114 micelles bearing PPD leads to the formation of antibodies against tuberculin antigens higher than for immunization with PDD itself. Immunization with all drugs, including PPD, leads to the formation of antibodies that recognize M. bovis BCG cells, but the highest levels of antibodies are observed in the blood plasma of animals receiving lipid E. coli B-5 or Triton X-114 micelles. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using micelles and selenium nanoparticles as an adjuvant for immunization with mycobacterial antigens.


326 Mexican women aged 18-40 with proven fertility participated in a study of the efficacy and safety of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) in a family planning clinic in Mexico City. All subjects were urban and most were middle class housewives. The women were randomly assigned to 3 groups. 165 women in group 1 received 150 mg of DMPA every 90 days 76 women in group 2 received 200 mg of NET-EN every 60 days for 6 months and every 84 days thereafter and 85 women in group 3 received 200 mg of NET-EN every 60 days for the 2 years of the study. 3795 women months of use were observed 1926 in group 1 964 in group 2 and 905 in group 3. There were no significant age or weight differences in the 3 groups. The average age was 24.4 years and average weight was 55.8 kg. 1 pregnancy occurred in a woman in group 2 still receiving NET-EN every 60 days. Rates of termination were high particularly in the 2nd 6 months and did not differ significantly in the 3 treatment groups. Cumulative termination rates after 24 months were 78% in group 1 79% in group 2 and 78% in group 3. In groups 1 2 and 3 40% 53% and 33% respectively failed to attend consultations and were considered lost to follow-up; 30% 24% and 27% dropped out for other medical reasons such as headaches and galactorrhea; 11% 9% and 19% changed to another method; 10% 12% and 13% stopped because of irregular bleeding; and 9% 13% and 8% desired to become pregnant. There was no change in blood pressure over the 2 years and the observed weight gain averaging 4 kg was moderate. Both injectable contraceptives were considered to be highly effective but changes in menstrual bleeding must be controlled before they will gain widespread acceptance.


Abstract The York antigen, assigned to the Knops system (KN5-ISBT 022005), is a high frequency antigen present in 90% of the Caucasian and 98% of the African-American population. No cases of anti-Yka in pregnancies have been published. No hemolytic diseases of the fetus and newborn have been observed previously. We report the first case of anti-Yka antibody found in a pregnant woman without fetal anemia, which was monitored by Doppler assessment of peak systolic velocity at the middle cerebral artery. A 36-year-old white woman, gravida 2, para 2 (1994 and 1996) was transfused with two units of packed red cells in 2009. On July 1, 2011 at 13 weeks of gestation of her third pregnancy, "type and screen" showed blood group 0 RhD positive and was found to have one IgG antibody that reacted against all panel red blood cells in the anti-human globulin phase by gel technique. The antibody was identified as anti-Yka and titer was 64. The patient's phenotype was YK(a–). Peak systolic velocity at the middle cerebral artery, performed by Doppler, at weeks 25, 28, 32 and 34 of gestation did not show fetal anemia. At birth, the newborn was group 0 Rh (D) positive, Yk(a+) with direct Coombs test negative without anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Our case contributes, as further evidence, to the clinically benignity of the anti-Yka antibody not been a cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.


This paper summarizes investigations and studies that were undertaken to identify the cause of the collapse of several panels in an MSE wall. The collapse was caused by the presence of frost susceptible backfill near the top of the wall. This material, combined with the large freezing index at the site, probably resulted in frost penetration depths of up to 2m behind the wall panels. After the collapsed section was repaired, outward movement of panels in the same area continued, aggravated by accumulation of water from snow melt in a shallow depression behind the wall.


Set up a model for estimating the stem biomass of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by the basic density and bark rate and the correlations with DBH,height and age were analyzed.The result showed that power function was the best formulas among three common models for estimating the biomass and the estimation precious of models within volume was obviously improved.It was not significantly different between Basic in the bottom and center but that in the upper was obviously lower than them.There was a significant positive correlation between age and Basic of individual sample and was not the relation as that between age and any of other factors,such as DBH and height.The bake rate in the bottom was higher than that in the center and was lowest in the upper.In addition,the bark rate decreased with the height increasing in the stem.


Measurements are made of the fluctuations in currents passing through insulating materials subjected to high, constant electric fields. Applying the theory of the shot effect to these fluctuations we are able to calculate the average number of elementary charges (electrons or ions) which discharge onto the electrodes as a unit. In glass, this number increases exponentially with the field from about one at low fields to about 106 at fields just below breakdown. Considered with respect to various theories offered in explanation of electrical breakdown, our results indicate that the shot effect is caused by ``avalanches'' of electrons discharging through paths in the material over which breakdown occurs at higher fields, the avalanches increasing in size with the field until the material is ruptured. By making use of the Johnson effect (thermal agitation of electricity) a new and simple method has been worked out for calibrating the amplifier for shot effect measurements.


This paper introduces several methods of VB6.0 connecting with database,and sums up the selection under the different software environment and requirements.


We are glad to bring to our readers' notice a new quarterly magazine entitled Theoria to Theory (7s. 6d. a single copy, 30s. annual subscription). It may be ordered from the ' Epiphany Philosophers ', 9 Marion Close, Cambridge. Its editor is Dorothy Emmett, until recently Professor of Philosophy in the University of Manchester. Its aim is to invite scientists to realize that what they cannot deal with may nevertheless exist, to ask philosophers to stop defining philosophy in such a way as to exclude a large number of important enquiries, and to persuade theologians to believe


Trauma to the extrahepatic biliary tree can result from a number of medical and surgical procedures, but it is the 'accidental' injury arising at cholecystectomy which most frequently results in tragic consequences for patients, who may be deprived of their most productive years of life. This type of injury may necessitate repeated surgical intervention, the morbidity and mortality rates of which far exceed those of the original procedure. Damage to the bile ducts at operation is preventable because it results from a failure of surgical technique. There is debate about the exact incidence of bile duct injury at cholecystectomy; the few surveys undertaken have put the figure at one injury per 300-500 open cholecystectomy procedures'*2. Biliary surgery has, of course, undergone a resurgence of interest in the past few years with the advent of laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder. Although some authors have speculated that there has been a tenfold increase in the incidence of trauma to the extrahepatic biliary tree with this new technique3, the early published series show only a slight increase in incidence to one injury per 150-200 laparoscopic cholecyste~tomies~-~. The true frequency of injury may be greater but unrecognized, because of under-reporting and lack of adequate long-term follow-up of patients in whom such trauma may declare itself as a stricture only some years after the original surgery. However, this is true for both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the risk of injury from the latter procedure might not be as great as some have feared. In any event, pressure to remove the gallbladder employing a minimally invasive technique will continue to be patient driven. Bile duct injury results from imprecise dissection and inadequate demonstration of the anatomical structures. The wide variation in biliary anatomy is often cited as a contributing factor to the development of such injuries, particularly where dissection is difficult in patients whose gallbladder is fibrosed from previous attacks of acute cholecystitis. The extrahepatic biliary tree is most at risk in those patients in whom there is a low entry of a right hepatic sectoral duct into the common bile duct. Injury to the common hepatic duct may result from injudicious attempts by the surgeon to control haemorrhage, although anomalies of the vasculature are not always responsible. Protagonists of operative cholangiography have suggested that this investigation will minimize the risk of damage to the extrahepatic biliary tree by providing an accurate record of the biliary anatomy. In a review of a personal series of patients managed for such trauma, Blumgart7 noted that only 29 per cent of these had undergone operative cholangiography at the time of their original surgery. However, in an extensive review of bile duct injury in Sweden, where operative cholangiography was undertaken routinely, Andren-Sandberg and colleagues' noted that 44 per cent of bile duct injuries occurred before the cystic duct was cannulated and a further 52 per cent arose before the operative cholangiogram films were reviewed by the surgeon. Operative cholangiography is no substitute for careful dissection and identification of the ductal structures, but when undertaken properly this procedure may reduce the risk of damage to the bile duct. Furthermore, early recognition of the injury by cholangiography will ensure prompt referral for specialist advice. It is apparent from the results of open cholecystectomy that the experienced surgeon is not immune from traumatizing the extrahepatic biliary tree, although it is more likely that this complication will arise between the surgeon's 25th and 100th open cholecystectomy'. The learning curve for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has yet to be determined and it remains to be seen whether the bile duct is at most risk during the 'easy', straightforward operation, which some believe to be the case for open cholecystectomy'. The bile duct may be more liable to damage because of the use of diathermy in laparoscopic dissection, and so it may not be justified for the surgeon to undertake extensive dissection of the cystic duct to identify its confluence with the hepatic duct. Furthermore, such dissection may jeopardize the delicate microcirculation of the biliary tree and so produce ischaemic necrosis with subsequent stricture formation'. There is some debate as to whether absorbable clips or ligatures should be employed instead of titanium clips to secure the cystic duct, but there are no data from early reports of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to indicate that this should be a major concern. At open cholecystectomy, injury to the bile duct may go unrecognized and declare itself as a biliary fistula or as jaundice only in the postoperative period. Routine abdominal drainage may allow early detection of bile leakage and avoid the extensive


A well characterized alkaline metalloprotease enzyme called serralysin with fibrinolytic activity has been reported in the newly isolated Serratia marcescens RSPB11. In view of its potential application in thrombolytic therapy this study has been made for understanding the nutritional parameters requirement needed for production. Therefore, medium components required for the production of serralysin were optimized using a two step statistical approach. Fermentation variables were selected in accordance with the Plackett-Burman design and were further optimized via response surface methodological approach. A total of seven parameters viz., casein, dextrose, KH2PO4, MgSO4, NaCl, CaCl2 and inoculum have been considered for the optimization studies. The statistical model was constructed via central composite design (CCD) using five screened variables (casein, dextrose, KH2PO4, CaCl2 and inoculum size). An overall 51.8% increase in protease production was achieved in the optimized medium as compared with the unoptimized casein medium.With the application of statistical design methodology serralysin production increased significantly with optimized casein medium (23910 U/ml) when compared to yeast extract-peptone medium (5363 U/ml).


Introduction Fusion experiments are designed with respect to specific physical questions, e.g. the analysis of high confinement scenarios. The same physical questions can be used as optimisation criteria to design the diagnostics applied at these experiments. A possible approach is given by Bayesian experimental design (BED), which bases on the maximisation of an information measure. In this paper, the method will be introduced and applied to the optimisation of a multichannel interferometer at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, currently under construction in Greifswald, Germany. Designs for different physical problems will be calculated and compared with respect to the physical questions to be addressed by the diagnostic.


For this month's issue of The Reasoner, I'm happy to interview Neil Sinhababu. Neil is associate professor of Philosophy at the National University of Singapore. His research focuses on questions in moral philosophy, like e.g., the question whether and if so, how we can know about objective moral truth, and a number of his works are inspired by Nietzsche and Hume. I met Neil at the Centre for the Study of Social Action (CSSA) at the University of Milan in Italy in May 2017 where he gave a seminar talk on experientialism about moral concepts. We had great scientific discussions afterwards on his recent book 'Humean Nature' afterwards and I organized a book symposium for Neil in July 2017 at CSSA to continue these discussions. The interview with Neil aims at giving the readers of The Reasoner an overview of some of his main arguments spelled out in 'Humean Nature'. I'll be happy to meet Neil again in March 2018 to give a seminar talk at the National University of Singapore after a 1-month visiting research stay at the Macquarie University Research Centre for Agency, Values, and Ethics (CAVE).


Various elliptical constructions are island-insensitive. The repair approach argues that the island-insensitivity arises because island violations can be repaired by ellipsis in PF (Merchant 2001, 2004). On the other hand, the non-repair approach argues that the island- insensitive elliptical construction is derived from alternative underlying sources that contain no islands to begin with (e.g. Barros, Elliott and Thoms 2014). In this paper, we argue that island repair in Korean fragments is real, by demonstrating that they remain island-insensitive even in the contexts where no alternative sources are available. We will also provide an account for why in certain contexts the island-sensitivity re- emerges, based on the notion of intervener induced by island- violating movement.


Objective To analyse the clinical efficacy of combined intra-arterial and intravenous(IA/IV) versus single intravenous(IV) thrombolysis using recombinated tissue plasminogen activator( rt-PA ) for acute cerebral infarction.Methods 20 patients with acute cerebral infarction were treated with IA/IV (10 patients) versus IV (10 patients) thrombolysis using rt-PA. Europe stroke scales (ESS) and Barthel Index (BI) scores were analyzed respectively both before and after the thrombolysis for the 20 patients. Therapeutic effects and adverse effects were observed.Results Total and partial recanalization of the occlusion arteries were showed in 8 and 2 IA/IV patients respectively, and the ESS and BI scores of IA/IV patients were significantly higher than those of IV patients(all P0.01). Rate of Clinical efficacy of IA/IV was 90% which was better than that of IV group(30%).Conclusions Combined IA/IV thrombolysis may be a safe and effective treatment for acute cerebral infarction, which is more effective than that of single IV thrombolysis.


Background: A 39-year-old man with known (pre)terminal kidney failure was admitted for overhydration. At the age of 19 years he was diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Presumably therefore he had a kidney transplant one year before the current admission. On admission, he was under immuno-suppressive therapy. Only several hours after admission, he developed symptoms of acute abdomen, with pain mainly on the right side.


Openness and interdisciplinarity in research and data are among the challenges that are frequently discussed in the context of changing scientific and scholarly practices. Gradually, the visions of open and widely shared data are being reconciled with complex realities that stem from the disciplinary differences in data cultures. In this paper we discuss interdisciplinarity through data as a way to create research environments that are more flexible and, as a result, more amenable to change. We report our findings from facilitating and evaluating a data-oriented early-career fellowship program that was administered as part of the Research Data Alliance (RDA), a global organization that aims to enable open sharing and re-use of data. We identify ways to foster interdisciplinary data cultures among the future researchers and professionals and propose recommendations for future programs. While the short-term early career programs cannot address the systemic factors that impact openness and interdisciplinarity, such as the systems of reward and recognition or the funding structures, they can introduce mechanisms that support diversity, learning, and leadership and, ultimately, contribute to a culture change. INNA KOUPER LOIS A. SCHEIDT BETH A. PLALE


Karen Armstrong's history of Jerusalem from ancient times to the present shows that periods of economic growth and prosperity in Palestine routinely occurred under regimes that promoted mutual respect among the various peoples resident in that land. Conversely, economic malaise and decline followed in the wake of intolerant regimes that discriminated against and expelled groups lacking political power. This case poignantly illustrates the necessary framing of economic activity by socio-political institutions, like administrative policy, public provision of infrastructure, and resource distribution, that regulate relationships among economic actors and make the outcomes of investment, trade, and employment predictable and beneficial. Well-functioning institutions facilitate prosperity and ameliorate socio-economic tensions, but they also must work well enough to contain these tensions and prevent overt social conflict when economic growth slows or becomes negative. The central dynamic of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is competing nationalisms. On the one hand, the Zionist program has aimed to build a Jewish state by systematically displacing Palestinian Arab society from historic Palestine. On the other hand, the Palestinians have long constituted a living society with their own original economy and consistently contested the exclusionary principle of the Zionist project. The central figurative dynamic of this conflict is political, with economics in the background. However, this paper temporarily reverses figure and ground, placing the economic dimensions of the conflict into the limelight and providing an economic interpretation distinct from, but compatible with, political analysis. The argument focuses on the drive by Zionism to reorganize the material resources of Palestine, including Palestinian labor, for its own propagation, and the complex relationship that has evolved between the Jewish and Arab economic sectors.


Recently, thanks to the rapid improvement of EWS performance, the authors have been able to carry out design evaluation comparatively, easily, utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The Nuclear Plant Engineering Department has carried out some analyses in the past several years with the main purpose of evaluating the design of nuclear reactor internals. These studies included ``Thermal Hydraulic Analysis for Top Plenum`` and ``Flow Analysis for Lower Plenum``. It is considered to be a special matter in thermal hydraulic analysis of the top plenum that temperature distribution has been estimated with a relatively small number of meshes by means of an imaginary spray nozzle, and in the flow analysis for the lower plenum that flow distribution has been found to change largely, depending on the reactor internals. One of the ways to confirm the safety of nuclear plants, detailed structural analysis, is required for all possible combinations of transient and load conditions during operation. In particular, it is very important to clarify the thermal stress behavior under operating conditions and to evaluate fatigue analysis in accordance with the Code Requirements. However, it is very complicated and it takes a lot of time. A new system was developed which canmore » operate continuously all of the definitions of the analytical model, the analyzation of pressurized thermal and external stress, and editing reports. In this paper, the authors introduce this system and apply it to a pressurized water reactor.« less


An apparatus for controlling a multilateral video call connection and confirmation of a visitor by being installed at a home server and being linked with the home server and home automation for each service mode is provided to process rapidly a video and a voice call which need a large load by using a MPEG4 codec hardware. An apparatus for controlling a multilateral video call connection and confirmation of a visitor by being installed at a home server and being linked with the home server and home automation for each service mode comprises a PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) interface(101), a media interface(107), a home automation interface(108), a PCI bridge(102), an MPEG4 codec(103), a video quad(104), an audio mixer(105) and a CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device,106). The PCI interface(101), installed at the home server, receives a voice and a video signal of a home resident from the home server, and transmits a voice and a video signal of a visitor or a video call participant to the home server. The media interface(107) transmits a voice and a video signal of a visitor or a video call participant to a screen display unit of the home server. The home automation interface(108) receives the voice and the video signal of the visitor from a door phone. The PCI bridge(102) distributes and forwards the video signal received from the PCI interface(101). The MPEG4 codec(103) performs an encoding and a decoding operation of the distributed video signal. The video quad(104) reconfigures encoded videos of video call participants into one screen. The audio mixer(105) mixes voice signals of the video call participants. The CPLD(106) discriminates a multilateral video call service mode from a visitor confirmation service mode, and controls the video quad(104) and the audio mixer(105) according to each mode.


This study reported adult scores on two measures of tongue shape, based on midsagittal tongue shape data from ultrasound imaging. One of the measures quantified the extent of tongue dorsum excursion, and the other measure represented the place of maximal excursion. Data from six adult speakers of Scottish Standard English without speech disorders were analyzed. The stimuli included a range of consonants in consonant–vowel sequences, with the vowels /a/ and /i/. The measures reliably distinguished between articulations with and without tongue dorsum excursion, and produced robust results on lingual coarticulation of the consonants. The reported data can be used as a starting point for collecting more typical data and for analyzing disordered speech. The measurements do not require head-to-transducer stabilization. Possible applications of the measures include studying tongue dorsum overuse in people with cleft palate, and typical and disordered development of coarticulation.


Abstract: Historians of the novel typically use examples—a few mostly canonical works—to establish their desired narrative. The problem is that these chosen novels function less as true examples—representatives of a class of objects—than as signs of the invisible process (conceptual or socio-subjective) that is the coming of Modernity. This study approaches the novel's history, and specifically the oft-debated question of its developing fictionality, by using samples of French novels from 1601 to 1830. This quantitative approach reveals that though the novel can indeed be said to "fictionalize" over the course of the eighteenth century, the customary explanations for the evolution are not supported by the record. I propose of that the novel is not one thing that modernizes, but in fact an ever-changing system of artifacts that should be understood through models provided by studies of technological innovation. Novelistic artifacts are invented, they evolve and spread, and they eventually fall into disuse, all in accordance with the values of their human inventors, and the constraints placed on the latter by the extant artifacts available for modification.


Eurocode 7 on 'Geotechnical design' is actively being implemented throughout Europe. Part 1 devoted to the 'General rules' was published by CEN in 2004. The National annexes and documents have been prepared for final implementation in the various European countries. After describing shortly the history of the development of Eurocode 7, this paper gives the main contents of the code, as well as some aspects of particular interest to the soil-structure interaction modelling: the design approaches (DA1, DA2 and DA3) for ULS verifications in persistent and transient design situations, SLS verifications and allowable movements of foundations. Resume : L'Eurocode7  sur le "Calcul geotechnique" est maintenant activement mis en oeuvre a travers toute l'Europe. La Partie 1 sur les "Regles generales" a ete publiee en 2004. Les Annexes Nationales et documents ont ete prepares pour la promulgation finale dans les divers pays europeens. Apres une breve note historique sur le developpement de l'Eurocode 7, la presente communication donne le contenu general du document, ainsi que certains aspects interessants pour la modelisation de l'interaction sol-structure : les approches de calcul pour la verification des etats limites ultimes (ELU) en situations de calcul durables et transitoires, les verifications des etats limites de service (ELS) et les deplacements admissibles des fondations. Mots cles : Eurocode 7, calcul geotechnique, fondations, ouvrages de soutenement, interaction sol-structure, etats limites.