Osteoarthritis (OA) is acknowledged as an enduring condition; however, in epidemiologic studies, half of the participants who report having OA at one time may report not having it at a subsequent time. The aim of this study was to examine whether variations in reporting doctor‐diagnosed OA reflected concurrent fluctuations in indicators of disease severity in middle‐aged women.


Abstract Paramagnetic amide side products (6a–g) have been isolated from the reaction mixture in the synthesis of spin‐labeled fatty acids of the doxyl type. After their hydrolysis to the corresponding acid, 7, the overall yield of spin‐labeled fatty acids is significantly increased compared with published procedures.


Decisions are often made using a combination of descriptive and experiential information. However most of the research in decision-making has either focused on the two paradigms separately, or compared them against each other, rarely combining the two sources of information within the same task. In my research, I will explore how descriptions and experience are integrated into the decision-making process when the two are available concurrently, and how each one influences decisions. I start by showing that descriptions are heavily discounted, with preference given to experiential information, which is easier and more natural to process cognitively. I then explore three moderators of the impact that descriptions have on decisions-from-experience. First, when descriptions are considered implausible, their influence on decisions is reduced. Second, when descriptions are too complex, they become too difficult to decipher, thus reducing their influence. And third, when individuals have more prior experience with a situation, the impact of descriptions is also reduced. Empirical results are supported by cognitive models of how individuals integrate their experience with descriptions, with different weights given to each source of information. Experience was the dominant source of information, but descriptions were taken into consideration, albeit at a discounted level, even after many trials. Models that included representations of the descriptive information fitted the human data more accurately than models that did not. This research has implications on the creation of effective warnings, which can be considered as descriptions which are added to our decision-making processes. More effective warnings can be created by making them plausible, of low complexity, and presented early before experience has been accumulated.


According to the variation regularity of component with variable section,the calculation formulas for critical pressure of component with variable section were derived by the condition of stationary value potential energy based on energy method,and comprised of results from the suggested method with ANSYS.The example calculation proved the high calculation accuracy of the suggested method,and the suggested method got a simple calculation to be easily mastered by engineers.


of the night'. The darkness is symbolically seen as representing death while the daylight represents life. Umnyama as a term used to represent death or 'near death' can be translated as pollution because of lack of a better English word to convey this very complex Zulu concept. Pollution then for the Zulu can be seen as a marginal state believed to exist between life and death. It is conceptualized as a mystical force which diminishes resistance to disease, creates conditions of misfortunes, disagreeableness and repulsiveness. The behaviour pattern observed by those who are in a state of pollution is known as ukuZila and it entails withdrawal from social life, fasting, silence and abstinence from pleasurable experiences. People with umnyama or pollution are expected to speak in low tones and only when necessary. Since umnyama is graded according to its intensity, the extent of ukuzila is dependent on the intensity of the particular phase of pollution. The source of pollution is a happening that is associated with birth on the one hand, and death on the other. Both birth and death are mysteries associated with the 'other world' from which people come and to which people return. Although 'this world' and the 'other world' are viewed as separate entities, the beginning of life whose source is believed to be in the 'other world' happens in this world and the cessation of life in 'this world' is believed to mean continuity of life in the 'other world'. Notionally, there is an overlap between the two worlds -and such an area of overlap is marginal and dangerous to both worlds in the same sense as analysed by both Mary Douglas (1966) and Leach ( 964, 197 ). All situations which are a manifestation of reproductivity or cessation of life are polluting in differing degree of intensity, this being measured by the extent of the contagious nature of each state of pollution. Reproductive emissions such as seminal fluids, or menstrual blood, are therefore polluting and so is gestation, lactation, parturition, death, bereavement or treatment with black medicines which symbolise death.


ABSTRACT Multiple signaling pathways stimulate the activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by direct phosphorylation within its N-terminal activation function 1 (AF1). How phosphorylation affects AF1 activity remains poorly understood. We performed a phage display screen for human proteins that are exclusively recruited to the phosphorylated form of AF1 and found the stromelysin-1 platelet-derived growth factor-responsive element-binding protein (SPBP). In a purified system, SPBP bound only the in vitro-phosphorylated form of the ERα AF1 or the phosphoserine mimic S118E, and the interaction domain could be mapped to a 42-amino-acid fragment of SPBP. In cells, SPBP preferentially interacted with liganded and phosphorylated ERα. Functionally, SPBP behaved as a repressor of activated ERα, which extends its previously demonstrated roles as a DNA binding transactivation factor and coactivator of other transcription factors. By targeting the phosphorylated form of AF1, SPBP may contribute to attenuating and fine-tuning ERα activity. A functional consequence is that SPBP inhibits the proliferation of ERα-dependent but not ERα-independent breast cancer cell lines, mirroring a reported negative correlation with the ERα status of breast tumors.


In situ reactive barriers have been constructed by a variety of means and with a range of reactive materials. Zero valent iron reactive permeable barriers have been installed to remediate chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater by abiotic degradation of the halogenated volatile organic compounds into harmless daughter products. Alternative reactive materials are used for precipitation, sorption or biodegradation of various groundwater contaminants. The conventional means of installing such reactive barriers in a funnel and gate configuration is by braced gate excavation, and for continuous permeable barriers by slurry wall, augering, trenching, jet grouting and hydraulic fracturing techniques. This paper addresses those monitoring activities necessary to ensure a reactive barrier is constructed as envisaged, and that the barrier performs as designed. Construction monitoring activities involve quantifying barrier geometry and in situ properties, and impact of the barrier on the surrounding groundwater flow regimes. Performance monitoring activities involve groundwater chemistry data, up and down gradient of the barrier, tracer and hydrogeological tests, and field sampling and analysis of barrier in situ materials. Field case studies are used to elaborate on what monitoring activities are essential for performance monitoring of reactive barriers.


The rapid rise of Web 2.0 technologies and the popularity of social media, together with the broad use of low cost smart devices, changed dramatically the way users receive information, but also gave them the ability to become significant contributors of disseminated data. The challenge now is to benefit from large volumes of data and collective intelligence, so as to detect what people think or discuss in virtual communities, at the time that an event happens or the information is spread. Our domain of interest is the Urban Air Quality (UAQ) and public health. We want to promote the potential use of social media as a real-time source of "sensing" the environmental load or the existing environmental condition that affects directly humans' quality of life. With the use of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM), we analyze posts gathered from Twitter and we identify existing UAQ conditions, based on users' reports. Clusters of tweets with similar topics of discussion are formed. We additionally investigate the relations between citizens' reports and the corresponding, in time and location, actual observations of specific environmental characteristics. With a thorough investigation of SOM visualizations, we conclude that there is a positive correlation between personal observations and official data, highlighting thus the agreement among soft sensors' (users) and hard sensors' (monitoring sites) measurements.


Douglas Hall once told me that the monograph he most enjoyed writing was Ideas and Illustrations in Economic History, published in 1964. In spite of this personal satisfaction, it is almost certainly true that of his several books Ideas and Illustrations is the least well known to students of Caribbean history. Free Jamaica, Five of the Leewards and In Miserable Slavery must all have much higher scholarly citation indexes and much stronger reputations among the undergraduate and high-school populations of the West Indies. What explains this gap between reader and writer? It is not an unusual difference, of course, in that the process of writing is quite separate from the reception of the published work, the book or paper taking on a separate existence once it has left the writer's hand. It is also often true that what seemed original and important to the writer, during and perhaps even after the process of composition, stands up less well in the harsh light of day. Probably, Ideas and Illustrations suffers in this way, its audience not very clearly defined from a Caribbean point of view and its arguments rather too simple in the context of the varieties of New Economic History that were emerging in the early 1960s. At the same time, Ideas and Illustrations tells us something very important about the way in which Douglas Hall worked as a historian. In all of his work, he gave an important place to theory and generalization, and applied a critical approach to interpretation.I first met Douglas Hall in 1968, just four years after the publication of Ideas and Illustrations. I had travelled to Jamaica the year before to take up a Commonwealth Scholarship and he was to be the supervisor of my postgraduate work, but when I arrived he was on study leave in England writing Five of the Leewards. Initially I had proposed to write about the changing settlement patterns of Jamaica consequent on the abolition of slavery, building on Free Jamaica, and it was on this topic that I had corresponded with Douglas Hall before I left Australia. But I found more than enough to do in trying to understand the demography of slavery in Jamaica at the time of emancipation and in the end never got beyond that topic. When Douglas Hall met me in September 1968 he willingly accepted this change of tack and gave me every encouragement. Later on, after I was lucky enough to get a position in the Department of History at Mona in 1971, I came to know Douglas as a colleague and quickly as a friend. From 1972 we shared the teaching of a new course on Caribbean economic history, which replaced British economic history in the department's curriculum. As a teacher and researcher at Mona I always felt that I had the support of Douglas, down to the time of his retirement and beyond. As a friend, my strongest memories of him are associated with his rural retreat, Cottage, in his home parish of Westmoreland. It was always a privilege to share with him the obvious delight he enjoyed in being there and the joy he had in life.IIn this essay I wish to focus attention on some of the critical and conceptual aspects of the historical thought of Douglas Hall. The essay of Richard B. Sheridan, in this issue of the journal, provides a broad survey of Hall's published work. I am not able to attempt an equally systematic assessment of his contribution to the development of the historiography of the Caribbean. Such an assessment must come from other hands, with the advantage of distance and the passing of time. My objective, then, is simply to draw attention to what I believe are the more important of Hall's contributions to the creation of a critical and conceptual approach to history writing.The critical, conceptual elements of Douglas Hall's work appear most clearly in four papers that he published between 1961 and 1978. The first of these was "Incalculability as a Feature of Sugar Production during the Eighteenth Century", published in Social and Economic Studies in 1961, when Douglas Hall was identified as "a Lecturer in Economic History at the University College of the West Indies". …


Glucose parameters were estimated by multicompartmental analysis after the single injection of [U-14C] glucose in pen-fed reindeer and caribou. During the rut, the plasma concentration, pool size, space, total entry rate, irreversible loss, and glucose turnover time of male reindeer and caribou declined; all parameters increased significantly after the rut ended and feeding had begun again. In female reindeer and caribou the lowest estimates of glucose pool, space, total entry rate, and irreversible loss were noted during midpregnancy (February–April). During early lactation (May–June) significant increases were noted in total entry rate, irreversible loss, and the plasma concentration of glucose.For non-lactating reindeer and caribou, inflections in relationships between glucose total entry rate and irreversible loss with digestible energy intake were noted at a daily digestible intake of about 195 kcal/W0.75 (where W0.75 = metabolic body weight); three times more glucose was synthesized per unit digesti...


In 1972, there was a senior dental student who had a burning desire to learn everything there was to know about sedation and general anesthesia for dentistry. During his junior and senior years, this student had taken advantage of the rather unique opportunity at his dental school to provide numerous intravenous conscious sedations with either a combination of Nembutal, Demerol, and Phenergan or the new drug Valium for a variety of anxious and sometimes phobic dental patients for general restorative procedures. He learned about careful titration to a safe sedative endpoint using the barbitage technique. With this technique, the steel needle was placed into the vein and blood was then aspirated through it into the attached syringe to ensure proper placement. The sedative drug was then slowly injected directly into the vein in multiple small increments until the proper level of conscious sedation was attained. Prior to each incremental injection, the student aspirated a small amount of blood into the syringe to ensure that the needle had not inadvertently moved outside of the vein into the underlying subcutaneous tissue. During the barbitage titration method, the syringe and needle had to be held very still to maintain the needle in the vein until it was removed once the proper level of sedation had been attained. This became even more difficult during a multiple-drug sedation where the first syringe had to be removed and the second syringe had to be quickly attached to the needle, which hopefully remained in the vein despite some degree of movement of the needle during the syringe exchange. This exchange of syringes was necessary because Demerol and Nembutal are incompatible in the same syringe. Consequently, the awkward 2-syringe switch technique solved that issue but was the source of another problem. On more than a few occasions, especially early in this student's sedation experience when a slight trembling in his own nervous hand was compounded by the severe body shaking movements of the phobic patient, the needle became dislodged and a new venipuncture site had to be found. The major drawback of maintaining the rigid steel needle inside a moving flexible arm and vein became very apparent to the student, and he hoped that someday he could find a better way of administering intravenous drugs than the barbitage technique. One morning while observing the oral surgery resi-


This contribution, built on the companion paper [1], is focused on the different mathematical approaches available for the analysis of the quasilinear approximation in plasma physics.


Spacecraft capture trajectories to Lyapunov/Halo periodic orbits of the L1 and L2 points in the restricted Hill three-body problem are analyzed. The specific focus is on transfer to these orbits from interplanetary trajectories. This application is motivated by future proposals to place "deep space ports" at the Earth and Mars L1 or L2 points. We use stable manifolds for capture trajectories to periodic orbits around the libration points. Numerical results show that the stable and unstable manifolds from periodic orbits around the libration points can intersect the surface of any of the planets of the solar system by changing the size of periodic orbits. Applying this to Earth-Mars transfers, the cost of capture into a periodic orbit is reduced compared with direct capture into a parabolic orbit. Moreover, if a spaceport is built on a periodic orbit in the vicinity of a sun-Mars libration point and propellant can be supplied there to the spacecraft, the required A V for entry into a circular orbit about Mars from an interplanetary trajectory can be considerably reduced compared with a direct entry into a circular orbit.


This review discusses polymeric nanocarriers for agrochemical delivery, from synthesis, characterization, and release, to benefits for agrochemical efficiency and sustainability.


This paper examines Akan indigenous concepts for "stress", "distress", "sorrow", and "depression" through the interaction between language, culture, mind and the body. It applies the theory of conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), with an emphasis on the theory of embodiment. The majority of Akan expressions and proverbs for "stress", "distress", "sorrow", and "depression" are derived from body part terms via embodiment. The nature of the semantic patterns and how the Akans perceive these emotions from the core pillars of their language and culture are explored. In addition to examining the use of body part expressions, the paper further discusses the use of idioms and proverbs to comment on the emotions mentioned above.


Fairness Improved Cross-Layer Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Bang Yongbae Dept. of Computer Science Engineering The Graduate School Seoul National University Due to the improvement and popularization of computers, and the development of Internet and networks, we have been producing and consuming video information which consists of audio and visual information from the Internet, where we only got text and picture-oriented information in the past. In this trend, video traffic quickly grew to take the majority of the Internet traffic. In this flow, researchers are actively studying on how to handle video traffic more efficiently. Meanwhile, in addition to QoS, which is an objective indicator, QoE, which is a subjective indicator, is emerging as a performance index of video streaming. QoE is a quality of experience that a user uses and feels in the service. In video streaming, QoE can be adversely affected if the video is interrupted during playback and


It is shown that the condition of finiteness at the origin, usually imposed on solutions to the nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom (and some other systems) is not necessary. The quadratically integrable l = 0 "anomalous" solution which is usually excluded in this fashion is not a solution to the Schrodinger equation at the origin, and consequently does not need to be excluded by a boundary or other type condition. The relativistic generalization through the Dirac equation of this anomalous solution is not quadratically integrable. The solution generalized according to the relativistic Schrodinger equation is quadratically integrable and obeys the equation at the origin. Consequently, a boundary or other type condition may still be needed in a general relativistic theory.


The present study compiles a list of criteria for determining the level of attractiveness of a northern city for the able-bodied population. Aim. The study aims to identify factors that determine the attractiveness of a northern city for the population and compiles a list of criteria pertaining to itsattractiveness. Tasks. The authors identify the key factors that determine the attractiveness of a northern city through a sociological survey of various population groups, compilinga list of criteria of attractiveness of a northern city for the population, and determiningthe impact of landscaping on the attractiveness of a northern city. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the sociodemographic situation in Magadan in various aspects and determine the level of attractiveness of this northern city for the population. A quota sample survey is also used. It is shown that the residential population size in Magadan and the Magadan region is declining, and the key migration factors are identified. Results. The outflow of young able-bodied population from the northern regions is a crucial problem at the current stage of economic development in Russia. The characteristics of the living environment have a huge impact on the choice of the place of residence. Based on the results of a sociological survey of Magadan citizens, the attractiveness of this northern city and its fluctuations under the influence of various factors are assessed, along withthe key criteria that determine its level for different population strata and categories. The resultsobtainedmake it possible to determine the level of attractiveness for the population achieved by Magadan and identify ways of improving it. Conclusion. Improving the attractiveness of a territory both for business and the population is a task primarily for the regional and municipal authorities. It is necessary to develop a marketing strategy that focuses on improving the attractiveness of a territory for the population and facilitating its special features that would guarantee a competitive edge.


This study proposes and applies a novel concept for an AI enhanced serious game collaborative environment as a supplementary learning tool in tertiary education. It is based on previous research that investigated pedagogical agents for a serious game in the OpenSim environment. The proposed AI features to support the serious game are the following: a) a pedagogical game agent, b) non-playing characters, c) chat bots, and d) a game interface called "Progress Map". This study aims to explore whether the utilization of AI features in game based collaborative learning in a tertiary education course can positively affect students' attitudes towards the course and educational games, students' game performance, as well as the students' perception of their learning environment. Summarizing, even though the intelligent game environment does not affect students' attitudes, neither towards the course nor towards the educational games, it has a positive impact on the performance of the teams and so it can be considered useful in collaborative game based learning. Moreover, the intelligent game environment improves the cohesiveness in the classroom after the completion of the game activity in terms of helping, supporting, and becoming connected to each-other.


Oil were recently discovered in brecciated limestone, micrite kimestone and dolomitized limestone associated with Jinding lead-zinc deposits. The geochemical characteristics indicate that source inputs were multiple. The sedimentary water medium was reducing with high salinity. Thermal evolution is in the stage of mature to high mature characterized by highly biodegradation. Based on the source contributions, biodegradation modification and environmental medium, three petroleum families were classified.


 Abstract—OPC Unified Architecture is the most recent OPC specification from the OPC Foundation and differs significantly from its predecessors. The OPC Foundation's main goals with this development was to provide a path forward from the original OPC communications model (COM/DCOM) to a current infrastructure model (SOA) and introduce a cross-platform architecture for process control, while enhancing security and providing an information model. By defining abstract services into service sets groups, which are defined by their request and response messages, OPC UA provides this service-oriented architecture (SOA) for industrial applications, starting from factory floor devices and ending with enterprise applications. OPC UA integrates the different aspects of the former OPC specifications into a unified address space accessible with a single set of services. This paper gives an overview about some fundamental design aspects and the base service sets of OPC UA as well as an outline of possible migration scenarios of legacy COM/DCOM- based OPC servers.


This article describes some problems existed in designing and using of green illumination in our country. The goal is instructs electrical engineering technical personnel to implement green illumination effectively in practical work, and further complete the illumination electricity saving work.


This article aims to explore whether – and if so, how – the EU is perceived as a normative power (NPE) in Turkey in the context of deteriorating Turkey–EU relations. By adopting the Habermasian understanding that legitimacy is a prerequisite for NPE and through employing a focus group methodology novel to NPE research, the article finds that a certain segment of the Turkish public views the EU as a normative power, suggesting that claims for the existence of NPE need to be qualified both by the level of analysis and by the local context which comprises socio†cultural factors as well as government/opposition dynamics. The article also shows that contestation of the EU's actorness takes place over moral and ethical†political arguments rather than utility†based debates, demonstrating that polarization is noticeably present as far as the EU's normativity is concerned, and not on the perceived costs and benefits of EU accession.


Chinese tourists that visits Korea are increasing every year. In 2014, more than 6 million Chinese tourists visited Korea. Even with the negative...


The authors of this article developed the configuration of a fiber optical diffuser within the core. When this radiation diffuser is stretched, the back reflections change, and it was detected by the photodetector. This article dwscribes this experiment. Thus, a tension sensor was developed, which can be used in winches, crane systems, mechanical engineering, in laboratories and stage equipment. According to the results of processing the experiment, the tensile sensitivity was 2 picometers per 1 microstrain.


Pinho C., Soares M.T., Almeida I.F., Aguiar A.A.R.M., Mansilha C., Ferreira I.M.P.L.V.O. (2015): Impact of freezing on flavonoids/radical-scavenging activity of two onion varieties. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 340–345. Flavonols, anthocyanins, and radical-scavenging activity of two Portuguese onion cultivars (Branca da Povoa, white; and Vermelha da Povoa, red) were evaluated simulating domestic freezing conditions (–18°C). Frozen portions of onions with different periods of domestic storage at ambient temperature presented increased flavonoid content when compared with the respective composition before freezing. No significant differences were observed on radicalscavenging activity. Domestic freezing of onion portions extended its shelf life. Thus, domestic freezing can be a good alternative to prevent the loss of unused fresh onions, preserving its antioxidant capacity, since frozen onions can be a useful natural antioxidant source.


The industrial terrain in India has witnessed tremendous upheaval due to reform measures embarked on by the government in 1991. As a result Indian corporate sector finds itself in the throes of transition. These measures were intended to make Indian economy competitive and efficient. The generation of employment opportunities was expected to follow from these measures.


10050 Background: This feasibility study intends to characterize genomic alterations in recurrent tumors of an individual pediatric patient in order to select a targeted therapy approach. Methods: Pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumor were proposed to undergo on-purpose tumor biopsy or surgical resection for molecular characterization. Biopsies were obtained using 18G needles under ultrasound, CT or MRI control from primary tumor or metastatic sites. DNA extracted from fresh samples was analyzed by CGHarray 180K (if ≥ 50% tumor cells in the sample) and by sequencing for 74 target genes (if ≥ 30% tumor cells). A panel of scientists and clinicians reviewed results to determine biological signification of the alteration and match patients to the most relevant targeted therapy available (mainly in early clinical trials). Results: From December 2012 to January 2014, 12 patients were consented; 3 were screening failures. Nine enrolled patients with a median age of 7 years (range, 3-18) and...


Dear editors, Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in developed countries [1]. The malignant transformation from small clumps to cancer takes about 10 years [2]. This study aimed to characterize proteomic dynamics associated with CRC development and progression, and identify novel therapeutic targets for intercepting the underlying oncogenic processes. We have optimized pressure cycling technology (PCT) coupled with dataindependent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) for robust and reproducible proteomic analysis of biopsy-level formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues [3]. In this study, we profiled the proteomic tissue landscape of CRC evolving from normal colon to hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (AC) or mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC). We identified 69,949 peptides, 6,359 protein groups, and 4,830unique proteins (Supplementary Table S1) based on our previously established spectral library for DIA analysis [4] from 170 FFPE tissue samples (85 patients, each with 2 biological replicates) (Figure 1A). Pearson's correlation coefficient between biological replicates was 0.813, and 0.953 between technical replicates. We identified 928 differentially expressed proteins by comparing protein expression in samples from different CRC clinical stages to normal colon tissue samples (Figure 1B). Pairwise comparisons between polyps and normal colon, adenomas and polyps, carcinoma and adenomas, as well as MC and AC revealed distinct proteomic changes associated with each transformation towards malignancy (Supplementary Figure S1A). Canonical pathways analysis


Ten sample materials of various polymeric composition were evaluated for toxicity of pyrolysis products utilizing two significantly different experimental methods, the MSTL/UT and NASA/JSC Procedures. A comparison of the LD(50) values obtained by the two methods for these ten samples did not yield a significant correlation. However, when the samples were ranked in order of increasing toxicity by each method independently, a comparison of their rank order toxicity improved the correlation. Because of interlaboratory variations in pyrolysis/combustion test procedures, it is suggested a series of standard materials be adopted to facilitate interlaboratory comparisons of data on pyrolysis toxicity.


edition of Cicero's De natura deorum) that bold and imaginative judgement must accompany analysis if the method is to promote full understanding of a work and to prompt new lines of research. He praises Pease's indefatigability in collecting in his commentary a thesaurus of parallels and other references. But he rightly criticizes the lack of individual judgement and insight which might have turned the thesaurus to fruitful account. The pre-Socratics, Plato, and Cicero have the most prominent place in the collection. Articles on the pre-Socratics include 'Die Theologie der Vorsokratiker' (from Entretiens Hardt, i, 1954), 'Zu Anaxagoras' (Pbilologus,1936), and 'Gorgias "Uber das Nichtsein"' (Hermes, 1936). Four articles on Plato include 'Studien zu Platons Protagoras' (from Phyllobolia: Festschrift fur P. Vonder Muhll, 1948), 'Platons Euthyphron' (from Westostliche Abhandlungen R. Tschudi zum 70. Geburtstag, 1952), and 'Das Einleitungsgesprach der Gesetze Platons' (Museum Helveticum, 1954). On Cicero, in addition to the review of Pease, there is 'Cicero und Aristoteles' (Hermes, 1959), 'Die Szenerie des ciceronischen Hortensius' (Pbilologus, 1962), and 'Akusilaos, Cicero und Varro (Wiener Studien, 1956). The subjects of the remaining articles and reviews, admirably representing the range of Gigon's scholarship, include Posidonius, Diodorus Siculus, the elder Pliny, the history of the New Academy, problems in the history of Roman religion, and Roman historiography. There are select indexes of names, subjects, and passages. Misprints spoil an otherwise excellently produced book.


This paper realizes note recognition method based structure mode for multi-voice music score.In the procedure of primitive extraction,three kinds of algorithms based on run-length coding are proposed respectively for extracting stem,note head and beam,they have better ability for resolve troublesome anti-intersection and anti-conglutination.In the procedure of structure analysis,interaction field is introduced to describe the association relationship of primitives,and note is divided to six kinds of substructures to reduce primitive searching range.It subdivides note structure based on aforesaid procedure,note primitive is realized recombination which follows the principle of giving priority to the key substructure,it can reduce analysis complexity and has well ability of primitive redundancy debugging.Experimental results show that this method can recognize note in multi-voice with high accuracy and efficiency,and powerful adaptability,it has good adaptability at the situation of notes intensive arrangement and complicated structure.


Submitted for the DFD19 Meeting of The American Physical Society Temperature reduction through system level flow enhancement via model solar PV farm wind tunnel experiments1 ANDREW GLICK, JULIAAN BOSSUYT, NASEEM ALI, Portland State University, MARC CALAF, University of Utah, RAÚL BAYOÁN CAL, Portland State University — To further facilitate the reduction in cost of photovoltaic energy, new approaches to limit module temperature increase in natural ambient conditions should be explored. Thus far only approaches based at the individual panel level have been investigated, while the more complex, systems approach remains unexplored. Here, we perform the first wind tunnel scaled solar farm experiments to investigate the potential for temperature reduction through system level flow enhancement. Results indicate that significant changes in the convective heat transfer coefficient are possible, based on wind direction, wind speed, and module inclination. We show that 30-45% increases in convection are possible through an array-flow informed approach to layout design, leading to a potential overall power increase of ∼ 5% and decrease of solar panel degradation by +0.3%/year. Previous models demonstrating the sensitivity to convection are validated through the wind tunnel results, and a new conceptual framework is provided that can lead to new means for solar PV array optimization. 1The work presented herein were funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) PVRD2 program under award number DE-EE0008168. Andrew Glick Portland State University Date submitted: 01 Aug 2019 Electronic form version 1.4


The year 2022 is certainly ending with a lot of drama. In the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II, the monarch for the previous 70 years, passed away and brought an end to what had been known in the 1950s and 1960s as the neo-Elizabethan age. In her place, her eldest son became the new king, to be crowned in Spring 2023. Taking the name of Charles III, it might have been expected for this to have been christened the Caroline era, but interest in the monarchy seems to have declined beyond the point at which social commentators make up such labels. For those with a knowledge of conflict in Britain, the new king's name has been an interesting choice as the previous name-holders were both caught up in the seventeenth century Wars of the Three Kingdoms and their aftermath. Charles I was the first king to be put on trial by his subjects and then executed by them, having been found guilty of 'levying war against the said Parliament and people', 'that he hath been and is the occasioner, author, and continuer of the said unnatural, cruel, and bloody wars, and therein guilty of high treason', and that he was 'a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy to the good people of this nation' (MacLachlan n.d..). This was a fundamentally different way of looking at the nature of political power and went against centuries of practice where opposition to a king was a sure route to execution. Any challenger to a monarch had to have some degree of royal blood flowing through their veins; commoners who sought the throne had to claim to be of royal blood. Perkin Warbeck, who tried at the end of the fifteenth century to gain the English throne, claimed to be one of the Princes in the Tower who disappeared under the guardianship of Richard III despite apparently being the son of a Flemish city administrator (Gairdner 1879, 338). The execution of Charles I was a shocking event for his contemporaries because it was not ordered by a rival claimant to the throne but was at the behest of the Commons. The second Charles was restored to the English throne in 1660 as the Commonwealth fell apart in the wake of Oliver Cromwell's death, leading to the Restoration period and its rich cultural flowering after the four years of the Protectorate. Charles II was received with relief by his subjects and was very popular in much of England. He had been king of Scots since 1651, albeit in exile after the battle of Worcester shortly after his coronation. He was much less popular in Scotland, where he and the Covenanter movement were very much at odds, and he spent his reign as King of Scots trying to stamp out Covenanting and bringing the Scottish Kirk under Royal control. Through his reign, he attempted to alleviate the position of Catholics who were banned from political office, but this began to raise opposition to him in England as well. For the last four years of his reign, he ruled without having a Parliament, echoing some of the actions of his father. Neither is the best example for a Charles III reign, but circumstances now are very different to the seventeenth century, and it is difficult to see feeling running high over the actions of the king now. Britain appears to be safe from Royalist oppression, and Charles appears destined to a peaceful reign. JOURNAL OF CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY 2022, VOL. 17, NO. 2, 61–65 https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2022.2180878


This volume contains articles presented at the SIAM Symposium on Control Problems in Industry, held from July 22-23, 1994, in San Diego. At this symposium, experts from both academia and industry were brought together to share their experiences, and present new results and trends in modern control theory, with a focus on real industrial applications. The aim of this volume is to provide a survey of control theory applications at the frontiers of modern technology, in particular on practical problems. It looks at a range of control theoretic results, including new models, new constructions and new algorithms, leading to solutions of industrial problems.


Fuel cells offer means by which quiet, energy-efficient, high-power, high-power-density processes can be achieved without the generation of unwanted emissions. The major obstacles to the realization of economical fuel cells are the high capital costs for the inert perfluorosulfonic acid (PSA) membranes and the noble-metal catalysts. New PSA membranes have been developed and subsequently used to obtain higher fuel-cell current and power densities. In this paper, the authors investigate the equilibrium and transport characteristics of promising PSA fuel-cell electrolytes; electroanalytical and radiotracer techniques are employed. particular emphasis is devoted to proposing membrane structural characteristics that can be used explain our experimental results and shed light on fuel-cell-performance data obtained with the different polymers.


ABSTRACT Spectral albedo and light transmittance through snow, ice, and water were measured in Lake Wuliangsuhai (40°36′–41°30′N, 108°43′–108°70′E), Inner Mongolia, China, during winter 2016. Data on the weather, structure of lake ice, and geochemistry of water were also collected during the 60-day field program. The study lake is shallow (mean depth 1.0–1.5 m) with a large wetland area. Compared with polar lakes, solar elevation is higher, snow accumulation is much lower, and the ice has more sediment. The ice was all congelation ice with a mean thickness of 36.6 cm, corresponding to a mean air temperature of −9.6 °C. The mean daily broadband albedo and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) band transmittance were 0.54 and 0.08 (bare ice), 0.74 and 0.04 (new snow), and 0.30 and 0.12 (melting period), respectively. The level of light allowed photosynthesis to occur to the bottom of the lake. The ice acted as a grey filter for the sunlight with a mean attenuation coefficient of 2.1 m−1. These results expand our knowledge of the evolution of light transfer through ice and snow cover and its role in the ecology of lakes in temperate and arid areas.


The society is the prop of the enterprise. And the enterprise is the cell of the society. The social responsibility of the enterprise is an important factor in adjusting the economical development and social advancement, and it's also an important quota of judging the continuous development of the enterprise. The author begins with the lack of social responsibility of local privately owned enterprises in less-developed areas, analyses the reasons of the lack of social responsibility, and produces the corresponding countermeasures in accordance with the reality. Thus, this article has certain practical significance.


A phylogeny is developed for those genera of tyrant flycatchers known as the kingbirds and their allies: Pitangus, Megarynchus, Myiozetetes, Conopias, Myiodynastes, Legatus, Empidonomus, Tyrannopsis, and Tyrannus. Monophyly ofthe assemblage is established by two shared derived character states of the skull. Three putative relatives are excluded from this group: Sirystes sibilator, Machetornis rixosus, and Muscipipra vetula. Generic limits and relationships are determined primarily on the morphology of the syrinx, and secondarily on nesting behavior and external morphology. The enigmatic luteiventris of Sclater (1858) is retained in Myiozetetes on the basis of syringeal morphology and nesting behavior. Although possessing some unique morphological and behavioral characteristics, Legatus is shown to be closely allied with Myiozetetes. Three new monotypic genera are recognized: Phelpsia for Conopias inornata, Philohydor for Pitangus lictor, and Griseotyrannus for Empidonomus aurantioatrocris-


The measures of plowing and organic materials to field are very important to crop production.In long-term experiments,the changes of wheat yield and allocation of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in above-ground organs were studied under the measures of deep plowing,organic fertilizer and corn stalk to field and their interactions.The results showed that the order of N content in above-ground organs was as grainsleavesstemsglumes and spike stalks,and the measure of corn stalk to field was conducive to the accumulation of N in above-ground parts of wheat plants.The order of P content in above-ground organs was as grainsleavesglumes and spike stalksstems,and the measure of organic fertilizer to field was good for the accumulation of P in above-ground parts of wheat plants,but the effect of corn stalk to field was not more obvious than that of organic fertilizer to field.The order of K content in above-ground organs was as stemsleavesglumes and spike stalksgrains,and the measure of organic fertilizer to field was an obvious stimulative factor to increase the accumulation of K in above-ground parts of wheat plants.Moreover,deep plowing treatment had advantage to improve the yield of wheat,especially the combined treatment of deep plowing and organic fertilizer and corn stalk to field.At last,through the analysis of the utilization of these three nutrients,the combined treatment of deep plowing and organic fertilizer and corn stalk to field was also the best measure to wheat plants than the others.


Objective:To investigate the anti-osteoporosis effects of ethyl acetate extract of rhizoma cibotii's crude drugs and products.Method:Resection ovarians of SD female rats were used to make animal models of osteoporosis.We investigated the anti-osteoporosis effects of ethyl acetate extract of rhizoma cibotii's crude drugs and products by filling the stomachs of the ovarian castrated rats.Results:Ethyl acetate extract of rhizoma cibotii's products had the significant role of anti-osteoporosis.Ethyl acetate extract of rhizoma cibotii's crude drugs had the certain role of anti-osteoporosis.Conclusion:Ethyl acetate extract of rhizoma cibotii's crude drugs and products has some certain effect of anti-osteoporosis.


In this present experimental study, the effect and advancement of machining parameters on cutting speed (CS) in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) operations were studied. The hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC) was manufactured by process named as stir casting utilizing particulates of Silicon carbide and graphite each in Al6061 combination. The analyses were outlined with response surface methodology. WEDM parameters resemble Pulse on time, current, Pulse off time and control speed are considered. The optimized parameters are Pulse on time (Level 3), Pulse off time (Level 1), peak current (Level 2) and control speed (Level 2) are the best combination to achieve best material removal rate. Pulse off time, control speed, Pulse on time and discharge current have considerable effect and most influenced control parameters on CS.


In this study, we suggest proceeding to an experimental study concerning the synthesis of new organo metallic product xanthate (PIPX) by intermittent method and their use in the processes of sulphides flotation. Flotation of sulphide minerals and their activation and modification have been investigated for many years. In this work the influence of sulphite on xanthate-induced flotation of copper-activated galena has been studied been investigated. The adsorption of potassium isopropyl xanthate (PIPX 3⋅10M) on galena has been also studied using electrochemical potential, FTIR spectra and SEM. Galena activated with copper sulfate (10 M) have been investigated at pH = 9. Surface species have been identified and correlated with SEM. After copper sulfate activation, copper xanthate exists on all of the minerals studied. Basic pH is most favorable for potassium isopropyl xanthate adsorption on activated minerals.


As a new field in emergence, Islamic Marketing is capturing more and more attention of the academics, researchers and marketers from both Muslim minority and Muslim majority countries. Rapid surge in the number of the Muslim consumers makes this market the fastest growing consumer market in the world with approximately $2 trillion annual turnover for Shariahcompliant products. Thus, Islamic markets comprise a good growth and income premise for the companies around the globe. Yet, a little was done to form the theoretical and empirical background of this field. The underlying objective of this paper, which is theoretical in nature, is to shed light on the concept of Islamic marketing, to determine factors that are crucial and must be taken into consideration while serving this market, to analyze 5P elements from the Islamic point of view, to identify factors that affect the behavior of the Muslims consumers. The descriptive research will be done through conducting comprehensive literature review and desk research.


We report a case of congenital atresia of the superior vena cava (SVC) with stenotic anastomoses between systemic and pulmonary veins, resulting in cyanosis and symptoms consistent with SVC syndrome in an infant.


.INTRODUCTION encountered in victims of thoracic trauma. Six of them Worldwide, thoracic trauma is an important cause of must be rapidly diagnosed and swiftly treated within the morbidity and mortality, accounting directly for 25% of all time frame of the primary survey because they have the 3 trauma deaths and contributing to another 25% of potential to cause death (Lethal six) . They include 1 deaths . This is even likely to be worse in a developing Airway obstruction, Tension Pneumothorax, Flail chest, country like Nigeria where facilities for resuscitation and Cardiac Tamponade, Open Pneumothorax and Massive intensive care are not optimal. Unfortunately, the haemothorax. The remaining six injuries tend to be frequency of chest trauma is increasing due to rising unspecific, delayed, or obscured by other injuries and incidence of violence and high speed driving on the may actually be overlooked until heralded by ensuing, 2 3 roads . late onset complications (Hidden six) . These injuries include Tracheobronchial disruption, Pulmonary Thoracic trauma has been described as due to blunt or contusion, Traumatic disruption of the aorta, Blunt penetrating injuries. Advanced Trauma life support cardiac in jury, Esophageal perforat ion and (ATLS) protocol forms the bedrock for the assessment Diaphragmatic tear. and treatment prioritization of these patients. 4 Rib fractures are the commonest specific thoracic injury Twelve (12) major life threatening injuries may be and they are commonly associated with other thoracic THORACIC TRAUMA PROFILE IN TWO SEMIURBAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS IN NIGERIA


Delay foam inhibiting compositions bubbles prevent powder containing and preventing the absorption-modified foam in the carrier filler amino silicone / organopolysiloxane production of the anti-foaming powder containing liquid, manufacture and rinse cycle of the amino silicone / organopolysiloxane fluid It discloses a foam excellent anti adapted to indicate the effect of laundry detergent formulations, in particular their use in fabric washing detergent formulations in. Personal care, in particular hair care, textile administration, release a variety having a purpose, a delay based on the modified amino silicone / organopolysiloxane present in the anti-foaming powder or foam inhibitor solution for use in detergent formulations bubbles such as (release) anti-compound / composition method of the foam inhibitor is also mentioned.


We present an ab initio calculation of the correlation effects in metallic lithium. The calculation is carried out based on the use of local operators (Local Ansatz), where correlations are included as corrections to the Hartree-Fock (HF) ground state. We investigate the strength of longer range correlations and their dependance on distance, which allows us to discuss complementary findings to LDA results. The correlation contributions to the binding energy are extracted. The missing longer range correlations can be estimated. Effects of correlations on the bulk modulus, lattice constant and charge fluctuations are analysed. The structural phases of Li with bcc- and fcc-symmetry are compared.


Family members play a significant role in recovery of the burn patient (Goyata & Rosi, 2009). A better understanding of their specific needs can greatly influence a burn patient's rehabilitation and family adaptation during recovery. Prior research has identified family needs of critically ill patients (Hinkle 2009; Kinrade, 2009); few studies have looked at the specific needs in adult versus pediatric burn patients and whether these needs change throughout the course of hospitalization. The purpose of this study is to explore the needs of family members of burn patients to identify similarities and differences between adult and pediatric populations in order to aid nurses in prioritizing care instructions for burn families.

 This IRB approved descriptive repeated measures study took place in a 12-bed burn center. 64 family members (39 adult; 25 pediatric) of burn patients participated. The 45-item Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) identified family member's psychosocial needs related to assurance, information, proximity, comfort, & support on admission (ADM) and prior to discharge (DC). Descriptive statistics summarized study participant characteristics. T-test & chi-square techniques determined similarities and differences in adult and pediatric family members' needs perceptions during the hospital stay.

 Majority of respondents were female (84%) often mother or spouse/significant other; age < 40yrs (96% peds; 64% adults). CCFNI scores were similar in adult vs. peds family members: ADM (3.27 vs 3.37), DC (2.91 vs 3.29). Assurance needs were greatest; self-care needs were least important. Adult family member needs for information, proximity and comfort decreased significantly from ADM to DC (p 0.05) but assurance needs were unchanged. Peds family member needs for assurance, information, proximity and comfort did not change from ADM to DC. Pediatric family needs remained "important to very important" throughout the stay while adult family member needs decreased in importance.

 Identifying needs of family members of burn victims in the Burn ICU allows for early assessment and can aid in developing specific individualized plans for successful transition upon discharge. These findings can help nurses best meet the needs of the family & promote patient & family centered care.

 Findings from this study can help inform the development of approaches to better understand the particular needs of family members and develop strategies to address those needs.


Abstract— This research aims to determine the accounting treatment of biological assets in terms of recognition, measurement and presentation in financial statements and also aims to determine the comparison of the accounting treatment of biological assets of companies based on Financial Accounting Standards namely PSAK 69 Agriculture. This study uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach conducted at PTPN XI PG. Poerwodadie. Data collected by interview, documentation and literature study. PSAK 69 regulates the accounting treatment for the agricultural sector which includes the recognition, measurement and disclosure of agricultural activities. The results showed that PTPN XI PG. Poerwodadie which is engaged in plantations recognizes biological assets in the form of estate crops classified into immature and mature plants. Biological assets are measured at cost and are presented on the balance sheet in the heading of Non-current Assets. PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XI PG. Poerwodadie still has not applied PSAK 69 Agriculture, it can be seen in the company's financial statements that measure its biological assets at fair value rather than acquisition costs. Keywords—: Biological Asset Accounting; Financial Statements; PSAK 69.


Data-flow synchronous languages.- Process algebra with backtracking.- Some Chemical Abstract Machines.- Verification tools for finite-state concurrent systems.- Linear logic on Petri nets.- An introduction to the theoretical aspects of Coloured Petri Nets.- Temporal verification of simulation and refinement.- Verification and specification of concurrent programs.- Simulation techniques for proving properties of real-time systems.- Relationships between models of concurrency.- Interaction diagrams.- Algebraic theories for name-passing calculi.- Initial algebra and final coalgebra semantics for concurrency.- Logical specifications of infinite computations.- Partial order based design of concurrent systems.


It will bring us opportunities for the professional development of colleges and universities thanks to the reformation of college entrance examination mode. The "1+2+1" college enterprise mdoe could be put forward through the investigation of the professionals needs of the car services of society and enterprise, and contrast of the conventional talent training model, which is training depending on the school and enterprise. It is very important to the cultivation of the talent quality and improvment of practical abilities.


The effect of gas-side resistance to mass transfer on the existence and uniqueness of steady states in gas-liquid CSTRs is analyzed. It is shown that there exists an upper bound on gas-side resistance beyond which multiplicity cannot arise.


The distributed interconnect parasitics within large transistors markedly degrade the output power and efficiency at millimeter-wave frequencies. This paper develops a model for such structures and proposes a layout technique to reduce the effect of source terminal parasitics. The technique is applied to a 60-GHz prototype in 65-nm CMOS technology, raising the output power from 5 to 10 dBm and the drain efficiency from 3.7% to 10.7%.


This paper introduces briefly the recent argument of earthquake prediction among seismologist in the world. It outlines the trend of earthquake precursory study on the basis of analysis of VAN prediction method. The progress in earthquake prediction research is summarized by the aspects of earthquake precursory observation and data collection, statistical analysis of precursors, dynamical forecasting and the algorithms of earthquake prediction. The progress of earthquake prediction in China is also summarized.


Devoted to the history and development of two fundamental concepts of Anglo-American law, this study documents the degree to which these key legal doctrines have evolved over time, and the extent to which they reflect a migration of evidentiary principles.


Stanley first defined the generalized toric h-vector, a fundamental combinatorial invariant of polyhedral complexes (and more general objects). In the case where the complex is simplicial, this invariant can be computed by shelling, or taking apart the complex in a certain order. This paper shows how any shellable complex with cubical facets can be dealt with analogously. Based on a result of Shapiro the h-vector of any shellable cubical complex is formulated in terms of certain classes of plane trees.


Nigeria has launched its 1st population policy, reflecting new approval on the part of policymakers of national efforts to curb population growth. Specifically, the policy seeks to reduce fertility from the present level of 6 children/family to an average of 4 children/family, suggests an optimum marriage age of 18 years for women and 24 years for men, and advocates that pregnancies be restricted to the 18-35-year range and at intervals of 2 years. US$100 million has been allocated for a national family planning program, $67 million of which is being provided by the US Agency for International Development (AID). The Nigeria program is AID's largest population program in Africa. Most of the funds will be used to bring family planning services to government-sponsored maternal-child health programs and for public education through the mass media, particularly radio. Without such an effort, Nigeria's population could be expected to double to 160 million by the year 2000.


Acute mediastinitis is a complication of the heart surgery, which shows high mortality and it always requires surgical treatment, of which several therapeutic modalities exist. Decisions are complicated, for this reason the establishment of a therapeutic algorithm that allows to reduce mortality due to this complication is necessary. The great variability of the results and the spectrum of surgical techniques described on this respect, have attempted against the creation of practical guides based on the evidence for the postoperative mediastinal infection, in such way that the few algorithms that have been published are incomplete or very specific. A therapeutic algorithm is presented for the acute mediastinitis, elaborated in the Cardiology Center from Santiago de Cuba, it is of easy application. It decreased mortality and can be applied in the rest of the centers from the country, which don't have a similar tool.


We present $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance results (NMR, NQR) on a new set of $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{As}{\mathrm{O}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{F}}_{x}$ polycrystalline samples. Improved synthesis conditions led to more homogenized samples with better control of the fluorine content. The $\mathrm{structural}\ensuremath{\equiv}\mathrm{nematic}$, magnetic, and superconducting transition temperatures have been determined by NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate and AC susceptibility measurements. The so-determined phase diagram deviates from the published one, especially for low F-doping concentrations. However, if the doping level is determined from the NQR spectra, both phase diagrams can be reconciled. The absence of bulk coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity and a nanoscale separation into low-doping-like and high-doping-like regions have been confirmed. Additional frequency-dependent intensity, spin-spin, and spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements on underdoped samples at the boundary of magnetism and superconductivity indicate that orthorhombicity and magnetism originate from the low-doping-like regions, and superconductivity develops first in the high-doping-like regions.


The current population rate has increasing the number of inhabitants with some kind of disability. In this work a proposal to determining trends, research groups, authors, countries, journals and organizations about Physical Therapy has done. The study is based on the Web of Science (WoS) database, where were found 77,960 documents regarding Physical Therapy; the category with most documents published is Rehabilitation with 13%; the most prolific author is PhD Julie Fritz from the University of Utah with more 10,000 citations; the organization with the greatest number of documents is the University of Toronto; a map of the countries with most documents is presented and shows that United States of America (USA) is the number one. The top 5 of journals is leaded by Physical Therapy journal. A clustering analysis to find out groups of researchers and main keywords show that there are 38 clusters where there is a high collaboration between authors; the collaboration between organizations shows that the University of Toronto interacted with several organizations; regarding keywords, the most used is Therapy, followed by rehabilitation, physical-activity and quality of life.


Three levels pump configuration model is found to be nonconvex and the global optimality could not be ensured by all the traditional mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) optimization methods.For solving such abstruse problem,an extended crowding genetic algorithm(ECGA) was presented.Distinguished from CGA algorithm,the concepts of species conserving and composite encoding are introduced in ECGA for maintaining the diversity of population more effectively and coping with the continuous and discrete variables in MINLP problem.Compared with the solutions solved from OA(Outer Approximation),ECP(Extended Cutting Plane) and MIN-MIN methods,the ECGA algorithm is proved to be effective in finding the global optimal solution of three levels pump configuration via using the problem-specific information.


ALCOHOL HEALTH & RESEARCH WORLD The importance of genetic factors in alcoholism 1 has prompted a search for markers for susceptibility to this disorder. Specific cognitive impairments revealed by neuropsychological testing may provide such markers. Cognition refers to the processes involved in obtaining, organizing, and using information. These processes fall into various intellectual domains, such as verbal processing (e.g., learning lists or stories), visual-spatial processing (e.g., identifying similarities in pictures or figures), perceptual-motor skills (e.g., tracing maps or images), and abstracting or problem-solving (e.g., thinking about one's actions or developing a plan for solving a problem). Studies reveal that between 50 and 85 percent of detoxified alcoholics may exhibit deficits in one or more of these intellectual domains (Parsons 1987; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA] 1989). It is unclear, however, whether these deficits in cognitive processing all result from the toxic effects of alcohol or whether some cognitive deficits precede the onset of drinking. Studies suggest that cognitive deficiencies similar to those observed in detoxified alcoholics may occur in some of their children before they use alcohol (Gillen and Hesselbrock 1992). Although children of alcoholics (COA's) are at increased risk for abusing alcohol, a significant percentage of them do not drink excessively (Tarter and Edwards 1986; Pihl and Bruce 1995). It is not known whether COA's with preexisting cognitive problems similar to those of adult alcoholics are at greatest risk. Examining cognitive processes in COA's is therefore important, because doing so may identify risk factors that predispose one to alcohol use, while revealing potential problems that COA's might face in school. For example, COA's with difficulties in problem-solving or emotional control may experience increased vulnerability to stress in social situations, leading to maladjustment and alcohol abuse (Wilson and Nagoshi 1988). In a detailed model of this possibility, Tarter and colleagues (1989) suggested that the interaction of family dynamics, peer influences, and intellectual functions may predispose adolescents to harmful alcohol use. Although research in this area continues, existing studies have contributed much to our understanding of the complexity of the problem. This overview highlights some relevant research; a complete review of the vast literature on this topic is beyond the scope of the article.


The article provides the results of studies of morphological composition of carcasses, physical-chemical characteristics and a tasting estimation of the pork of Canadian selection. The experiment was conducted at the pig farm Troparyovo in the period of 2011-2013. The object of the research were purebred and crossbred animals, carcasses and half-carcasses, muscle tissue and boiled meat of the Canadian selection pigs. Pigs for the experiment were selected on the basis of peers in age, body weight and breed, according to the scheme of studies. The object of the research were Canadian selection pigs: 1 pure-bred Yorkshire pig breed, 2 hybrid animals (Landrace x Yorkshire), 3 three-breed (Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc), 4 crossbred animals (Yorkshire χ Landrace χ terminal boar). Morphological composition of carcasses showed that the highest yield of a muscle tissue was obtained from carcasses of young crossbred (Landrace x Yorkshire x terminal boar) 64.8 %. The muscle tissue yield of crossbred youngsters in this group was more for 7.8 % (P pork from three-pedigree youngsters produced using Duroc boars has a better tasting estimate. It is recommended to use pigs of the Canadian selection to increase a productivity and quality of meat.


F ROM a review of the advances which have been made in the knowledge of hepatic and biliary disease during the war years, it is apparent that significant progress has been made in a number of important fields. Some of these advances are of unusual clinical interest. Although many others are of equal basic import ance, it is the purpo&e of this paper to confine the discussion to those which have a direct bearing on clinical practice at present. Three subjects will be con sidered: (a) the recent world-wide epi demic of infectious (viral) hepatitis, its sequelae and the implications for the future; (b) observations on atrophic cirrhosis of the liver with particular reference to some of its obscure clinical manifestation;s; and (c) operations for carcinoma of the pancreas with especial reference to the necessity for early diagnosis.


While today's WDM optical networks are mostly based on 10Gbit/s data, modulated according to the non-return-to-zero format and offer sub-Terabit/s capacities, networks at 40Gbit/s and beyond will likely use more complex modulation formats, possibly involving more than 1 bit/symbol, for compatibility with the 50GHz channel spacing grid. For these formats, two types of detection schemes can be considered: differential detection, or coherent detection. With differential detection, we demonstrated 25.6Tb/s transmission over 240km, using 160 WDM channels on a 50GHz grid, each containing two polarization-multiplexed 85.4Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signals. But coherent detection appears as an even more promising technique for such multilevel formats, to reach higher transmission distances. It provides the real and imaginary parts of the signal, at the expense of larger complexity and cost. These drawbacks should be weighted by the promises offered by the technique when combined with advanced digital signal processing (DSP). DSP not only solves some severe implementation issues, but also holds in store a tremendous potential against fiber impairments. In this paper, we will focus on coherent detection solution and will demonstrate experimentally that a coherent receiver involving DSP can mitigate distortions from chromatic dispersion, polarization-mode-dispersion and narrow optical filtering, even after several thousand kilometers of fiber for 40 and 80Gb/s-modulated channels, thereby paving the way for higher-capacity, longer-reach transparent optical networks, eventually taking advantage of efficient Polarization Division Multiplexing


The authors review the present knowledge of the hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine axis. The physiology and pathophysiology are discussed along with outlines of standard approaches to diagnosis of disorders. An appendix of useful provocative tests is included.


Cholinesterase activity of the optic lobe, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, retina, intestine, liver, kidney, heart and body muscles were examined histochemically using the carp.Intense cholinesterase activity was demonstrated in the stratum griseum periventriculare, granular layer of the cerebellum, inner plexiform layer of the retina, lamina propria and submucosa of the intestine, septum of sublayers of the muscularis of the intestine, Malpighian corpuscle of the kidney, wall of ventricle of the heart, and sarcolemma of body muscles. In many other tissue layers studied moderate or weak activities of the enzyme were demonstrated.Effect of 0, 0-dimethyl-2, 2-dichloro-vinyl phosphate (DDVP) on the cholinesterase activity in situ was performed after sublethal exposure of the fish to DDVP (25ppm for about 45min). DDVP exposure abolished cholinesterase activity in many of the tissues examined including the stratum griseum periventriculare, sarcolemma, and liver. This exposure abated the enzyme activity in all other tissues studied.


The purpose of this study is to explain the process of organizational change as a support for work teams: a win-win strategy focused on entrepreneurial development, with the objective of establishing a vanguardist direction in the entrepreneurial world to create spaces for transformation. Nevertheless, it becomes a task with relevant implications that could establish premises that do not contribute to compliance, keeping in mind the implication of resources, strategies and other factors that directly affect organizations. In this sense, the process of change begins and ends in businesses, serving as a medium in itself, involving not only the organization, but also its support personnel. It intends to generate development, competitiveness and adjust processes to the measure of managerial realities. Theoretically, the research is supported by doctrine from authors such as Chiavenato (2009), Robbins (2004), Hayes (2003), Katzenbach (2004), Cleghorn (2005), among others. Research was of the bibliographic type with documentary analysis, utilizing the qualitative method. Final results  included the recognition of managerial administration based on opportunities for improvement that contribute to permanence with quality in businesses. Finally, organizational change and work teams are shown as a development situation whose success or failure depends on what the employees do or do not do, which includes the modification of individual and group behavior and involves the entire organization, demanding certain steps, such as recognizing the problem, identifying its causes and searching for strategies to finally arrive at its evaluation.


No, I'm not cashing in on that titular domino effect that exploits best sellers. The temptations are great, given the rich rewards from a gullible readership, but offset, in the minds of decent writers, by the shame of literary hitchhiking. Thus, guides to the Louvre become The Da Vinci Code Walkthrough for Dummies, milching, as it were, several hot cows on one cover. Similarly, conventional books of recipes are boosted with titles such as The Da Vinci Cookbook—Opus Dei Eating for the Faithful. Dan Brown's pseudofiction sales stats continue to amaze, cleverly stimulated by accusations of plagiarism and subsequent litigation.


With the prolific growth in the usage and the number of wireless devices, the problem of designing high performance and reliable wireless networks is of great importance today. A crucial step forward in designing such networks is to improve our understanding of wireless interference — a phenomenon that remains the primary source of performance bottlenecks and unpredictability in today's wireless networks. To this end, this dissertation makes contributions in developing systems and models that help us better understand interference in wireless networks.
We start by studying wireless losses. Wireless losses can be due to weak signal at the receiver, or interference from other wireless devices such as WiFi devices or non-WiFi RF devices. To isolate the losses emanating from interference due to WiFi devices, we design COLLIE, a system that helps distinguish between losses due to weak signal and those due to WiFi interference. We then focus our attention to the problem of non-WiFi interference. Since WiFi cards do not have the ability to decode a non-WiFi device's transmission, we designed \as∼a software system that runs on top of a mainstream wireless card and helps detect different non-WiFi devices. We then designed \fusion, a system that helps detect the exact source of interference, quantify the impact of such interference, and also help physically pin point the non-WiFi interferer's location. All these systems are based on post-mortem analysis of wireless losses. In the last part of this thesis, we also explore an alternative method of modeling wireless interference in the context of links using flexible channels. These models are predictive in nature and help us understand the impact of wireless interference before the event of a packet loss.
We believe that the models and systems presented in this thesis are useful in understanding wireless interference in today's networks as our solutions can be natively implemented in present-day WiFi hardware. We hope that our contributions would serve as useful building blocks in designing more sophisticated tools to better understand wireless interference and pave way for building future wireless networks that are more reliable, predictable and manageable.


Through comparing and analyzing the music from the videos of world competitive aerobics championship,the World cup and our national events,and combining music with rules of competitions,this article studied the characteristics of the trend of competitive aerobics music.At the same time,it also found two phenomenons:weakening accents could make the music be more euphonious,and reflecting the music theme by its authentic style could enhance the artistic charm of movements.At the end of the paper,it also pointed out three measures for this development trend:improving the athletes' ability of music understanding;enhancing the coherence between motion and music;standing out the characteristic of movements by a reasonable music production.


This historical study reveals that content priorities in local TV news can be traced to the first use of audience research by news consultants. It argues that "downmarket" standards were not a function of broadcasters' ratings demands. More elemental were characteristics of TV's majority viewers, who no longer merely watched TV news. Through audience research they became part of the news process.


Qualitiative theories are developed to explain the roles of surface tension and the two surface viscosities during the entrapment of residual oil by water and during the subsequent displacement of residual oil by surfactant solutions. The results are in agreement with available experimental data concerning the effects to be observed as the oil-water surface tension is reduced. Limited data suggest an order of magnitude criterion for the critical surface tension above which no residual oil can be recovered. The two surface viscosities do not affect the entrapment of residual oil, but they are predicted to play a major role in the displacement of residual oil by surfactant solutions.


proof of the efficiency of the nursing that the man had never suffered from bedsores. As. an example of native African medicine mayr be mentioned a man who was in the hospital at the time of our representative's visit. He was a native of Zanztbar, and bore upon his back, chest. arms, legs, etc, many marks of Ecarification performed by a native medicine man with the object of curing an illness that was probably pneumonia (Fig. 1). Upon his forehead, too, was a curious V-shaped cut, probably intended to make him look fierce.


Are you new to Oracle databases? Have you just been assigned your first Oracle task or project? Maybe you're already database literate - but accustomed to working with another database such as Microsoft SQL Server, IBM's DB2 or MySQL. No matter what the case - if you must "hit the ground" running with Oracle, then this book is for you. From non-technical or more business centric end users to the even the most technically oriented information systems professionals, this book can serve as your sole source for an introduction to and ongoing reference for successfully working with Oracle databases. It covers every aspect required for getting you quickly indoctrinated and very productive, including Oracle terminology, Windows PC configuration issues, Oracle client configuration issues, Database connection methods, and much more. Plus this book offers a painless yet thorough introduction to and explanation of "Structured Query Language" or SQL. Finally, it shows clear examples just how to access and work with your Oracle database using popular tools such as Microsoft Excel, SQL*Plus, SQL*Developer, TOAD and many others.


Objective:To investigate the influence of cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of sonic hedgehog (Shh), on proliferation, early apoptosis and expression of albumin (ALB) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) of malignant hepatocarcinoma cell line Hep3B after serum starvation. Methods:The effect of cyclopamine on proliferation of Hep3B cells induced by serum starvation was assayed by WST-8 method. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to examine the effects of cyclopamine on apoptosis of Hep3B cells. The effect of cyclopamine on the cell mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1 staining. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of ALB and AFP in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, the production of ALB and AFP in cultured Hep3B cell supernatant were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay. Results:Cyclopamine significantly inhibites cell proliferation under the condition of serum depletion. The semi-quantitative analysis showed that the average absorbance of red and green fluorescence was decreased. FCM method indicated that the mitochondrial membrane potential of Hep3B cells was significantly lower at 6 h after exposure to cyclopamine compared with that at 0 h, and the difference was significant (P0.05). The mRNA level and protein secretion of AFP protein were significantly decreased. But cyclopamine has no significant effects on the mRNA level and protein secretion of ALB. Conclusion:Cyclopamine has significantly inhibitory effects on the proliferation, AFP mRNA expression, and AFP protein secretion of malignant hepatoma carcinoma cells and simultaneously induces mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, which suggestes that cyclopamine inhibites tumor growth and induces early apoptosis of malignant hepatocarcinoma cells.


Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANETs) is a ubiquitous network where vehicles communicate with other vehicles and Road-side unit (RSU). In intelligent traffic system (ITS), Information sharing among the vehicles is an important element. However, reliability and authentication are major security concerns in VANETs. Existing authentication schemes depends on a central trusted authority. Hence, they lack in privacy-preservation due to revealing of real identity of vehicle, and extended certificates that leads to the authentication delay and computational overhead. In this paper we propose a blockchain-based Security and Privacy-aware (BSPA) Protocol which provides integrity of the system and real identities can only be revealed to the certified vehicles. Vehicles acquire their pseudo identities and digital signatures from the Trusted Authority (TA). Pseudo identities are stored in the immutable shared ledger of blockchain. RSU accessed the decentralized blockchain and verifies the identity of the vehicle. The proposed approach is implemented using OMNET++ network simulator and results are validated by comparing with hybrid cryptography-based approaches.


A condition for controllability of a network of diffusively coupled linear agents with sparse actuation, which was developed in [1], is examined. An example is presented which demonstrates that the condition is not always sufficient for controllability. The gap in the original proof is clarified, and issues related to developing a necessary and sufficient condition are briefly discussed.


It is shown that the logarithmic spiral gives the extremum to F. John's angle distortion problem for plane bilipschitz mappings. The problem of factoring spiral-like mappings into a composition of homeomorphisms with smaller isometric distortion is studied. A space counterpart of the Freedman and He theorem is obtained.


In this paper we will present the results from an experiment studying the {sup 196}Pt(n,xn) reactions for n < 14 at moderate to high angular momentum using the combination of the LANSCE/WNR spallation neutron source and the multi-Ge detector spectrometer, GEANIE.


Deep sea water (DSW) is located 100 to 500 m below the sea surface. DSW is widely used in various fields, and is an important source of minerals that can be used to treat mineral deficiency. In the present study, the oral toxicity of DSW-mineral extracts was determined using single-dose and 14-day repeated dose oral toxicity tests in ICR mice. For the single-dose oral toxicity tests, mineral extracts of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) at doses of 0, 6, 270, 810, and 1,350 mg/kg, respectively, were orally administered to mice once at the beginning of the experiment, and the mice were observed for 14 days. For the 14-day repeated dose oral toxicity tests, Mg and Ca mineral extracts at doses of 0, 3, 135, 405, 675 mg/kg, respectively, were orally administered to mice daily, and the mice were observed for 14 days. Various tests were performed including visual observation; analysis of relative organ weight, food intake, and organ weight; biochemical analysis, and histopathology. The results indicated that mortality and changes in appearance were not observed among differentially administered groups of male and female ICR mice during the experimental period. Differences in body weight gain, food intake, organ weight, and histopathology parameters were not significant between the control and mineral-administered groups. Some results of the biochemical analyses were significantly different, but showed no specific tendencies. Overall, no evidence of toxicity was observed from the oral administration of DSW extracts of Ca and Mg in ICR mice.


1. Internal Disease has been found to occur throughout numerous samples of potato of known variety such as for example: "The Sutton Flourball," "Sharpe's Express," etc.; similarly, Streak-disease has been found in samples of certain other varieties such as: "British Queen," "Edina," "Duke of York," etc. 2. Well-developed Internal Disease has been detected in very young tubers. 3. The markings in Internal Disease and Streak-disease may or may not form a connected system in the tissue of the potato, sometimes the discoloured areas are quite isolated. The diseased cells can be easily traced to within a few cells of the cork-layer (skin). In Streak-disease they can be occasionally traced right up to the cork or to a slight injury to the surface of the tuber. 4. No trace of a hyphal organism could be found either within the cells or intercellular spaces of diseased tissue. The cells are killed, often retaining their starch in an unaltered condition. If the disease is propagated from cell to cell it takes place without an easily visible deterioration of the cell-wall in the initial stages. 5. Internal Disease and Streak-disease did not spread in store under the experimental condition described. 6. In every experiment samples of potatoes affected with Internal Disease and Streak-disease whether planted in Devonshire or Northumberland produced a certain proportion of tubers affected with these diseases. 7. The diseases in question are frequently complicated by the presence of Phytopthora infestans in the field and Fusarium solani in the pit or store.


This paper shows how internationally and intertemporally consistent information on sickness absence can be constructed from Labour Force Surveys, and describes some important features of data that we have generated using the Luxembourg Employment Study. We also analyse sickness absence rates by age, gender and other socio-economic characteristics of workers. These relationships prove to be similar across countries with widely differing mean rates of absence. In this dataset, workers with longer tenure tend to have higher absence rates even when age is controlled for. Absence is also positively correlated with higher usual hours of work. We show how internationally and intertemporally consistent information on sickness absence can be constructed from Labour Force Surveys (LFS), and des


A system of computer programs is described which provide the following set of general functions:
 [1] Truth table partitioning and recombining,
 [2] Bit ordering and inverting,
 [3] Chip and circuit pack name handling,
 [4] New and old chip comparing, and
 [5] Format converting.
 The system was originally designed to assist the process of fabricating a reasonably sized microprogram store out of a number of mask-encoded ROM integrated circuit chips. Its purpose was to fill the automation gap between a microprogram assembler and existing automated facilities for making and testing integrated circuit chips. However, it has also been used in other ROM and ROM-like applications.
 The various functions provided aid in the encoding, testing, assembly, and documentation of semiconductor ROMs. The primary input normally consists of a binary truth table for a ROM store generated by a microprogram assembler. This truth table is partitioned into many smaller chip truth tables to be used for encoding and testing individual IC chips and these are recombined into large circuit pack truth tables for assembling and testing individual circuit packs. The partitioning and recombining algorithms allow the user complete freedom in specifying the store, chip, and circuit pack size.


The claim of Kurtz and Wegner that the lines of the Paschen series have an equivalent width of up to 4 A in HD 101065 cannot be confirmed. Their strength is only about 1% of that amount. Consequently, the temperature of HD 101065 cannot be as high as 7400 K as Kurtz and Wegner claim. Several criteria show that HD 101065 is a late F star, most likely an F8 star.


: We prepared dry gene powders for inhalation by several techniques. The chitosan-interferon- β gene complex powder prepared in supercritical CO 2 was effective to suppress the growth of murine lung metastasis. Next we prepared luciferase gene powders with PAsp(DET) or PEG-PAsp(DET) as a vector by spray-freeze-drying technique. The powder with PAsp(DET) and L-leucine as a dispersant reagent had 50 times higher gene expression efficiency than that with chitosan. It was suggested that optimization of vector and additive maximized gene expression by powder formulations for inhalation.


Resonance Raman spectroscopy, performed via an optical fiber probe, can be used in aqueous samples to detect a wide variety of chemical species in situ. It offers a potentially rapid, on-site alternative to the high performance chromatography/mass spectrometry methods currently considered definitive for the detection of sex steroids in human urine. As a first step in the development of a resonance Raman instrument for the rapid detection of sex steroids in biological samples, it had to be shown that these substances, their analogs, and the major components of human urine can be differentiated on the basis of their resonance Raman spectra. A fiber-optic linked Raman and tunable ultraviolet resonance Raman system was assembled with custom designed optical fiber probes. The ultraviolet absorption spectra of some sex steroids, analogs, and components of human urine were measured in order to determine feasible excitation light frequencies. We present here for the first time the UV resonance Raman spectra of these substances obtained via our novel fiber probes. These results indicate that some of the steroids tested can be differentiated from each other and from the major components of human urine on the basis of their resonance Raman spectra.


BECAUSE THE RAPID PROLIFERATION OF THE AUTOMOBILE WILL PRODUCE AN IMPASSE IN OUR PERSONAL MOBILITY, MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS WILL HAVE TO BE ADOPTED AGAIN. THE UNTRIED OR POTENTIALLY SUCCESSFUL SYSTEM CONCEPTS OF YESTERYEAR, WITH THE TREMENDOUS IMPROVEMENT OF MATERIALS FOR ENGINEERING, CAN LEAD TO A RESURGENCE OF INNOVATION THAT WAS NOT AVAILABLE TO THOSE LEADERS OF REVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT OF THE 19TH CENTURY. MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS BASED ON THE OLD TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE (1) THE TURBOTRAIN, (2) THE BUDD ELECTRIC CAR, (3) MONORAIL SYSTEMS, AND (4) THE SKYBUS. OTHER SYSTEMS, BASED ON REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDE (1) THE AIR-CUSHION SUPPORTED AEROTRAIN, (2) A GRAVITY- ATMOSPHERIC COMBINATION, (3) AN ATMOSPHERIC-VACUMATIC TYPE, (4) LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS, AND (5) FOA'S ELECTRICAL ENGINE.


Based on 5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-phenyl]-2H-tetrazole (HL), three metal(II) complexes formulated as PbL2(H2O) (1) and ML2(H2O)4·2H2O (M = Ni 2 and Co 3) were synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A stable mononuclear metal(II) fragment was observed in the three complexes. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of complex 1 were investigated. In 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solution with and without the HL ligand, the Pb (or PbO2) electrode showed a similar electrochemical response but with less redox current in the presence of HL, which is most likely due to the formation of the Pb(II) complex upon the addition of HL, and it probably can decrease the redox rates of the two electrodes to some extent. The galvanostatic charge–discharge plot of the lead-acid battery shows a longer discharge time in the presence of HL. After CV or charge–discharge cycles, the Pb electrode consists of Pb and PbSO4 but with a lower PbSO4 content upon the addition of HL.


Abstract Within the framework of the soft budget constraint problem, this article investigates the impact of a legislative reform that increased regional tax autonomy on the propensity of Spanish regional governments to incur a deficit. For this purpose, a dynamic panel data model is estimated, using data for the period 1984–2019. The sample shows a breakpoint in 2002, when the reform of the regional financing system came into force, providing Spanish regions with greater tax autonomy, more fiscal competency, and lower intergovernmental transfers. Results show that the budget constraint has hardened, as regions have fewer incentives to accumulate budgetary deficits with the expectation of future compensations from the central government. A comprehensive review of the evolution of other factors previously identified as determinants of soft budget constraints, and the analysis of two regions not included in this financing system, suggest no other possible explanation for these results.


Abstract Background Although the classic radiobiologic principles of radiotherapy are well understood, the unique effects of the large fractional does that characterize stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), specifically in terms of antitumor immune cellular processes, vascular damage, tumor necrosis, and apoptosis on brain metastasis have yet to be adequately demonstrated. The objective of this study is to provide the first in-human evaluation of the biological effects of SRT in resected brain metastasis. Methods All paired primary tumors and metastases for patients who underwent dose-escalated preoperative SRT followed by resection were evaluated for tumor necrosis using hematoxylin-eosin staining. T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), natural killer cells (CD56+), vessel density (CD31+), and apoptotic factors (caspase-3) were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results Fifteen patients with brain metastases from solid tumors received a median preoperative SRT dose of 18 Gy (range: 15–18 Gy) in 1 fraction, with 2 patients receiving 27–30 Gy in 3–5 fractions, followed by resection within a median interval of 90 hours (Range: 17.1–260 hours). The rate of necrosis was found to be significantly higher in irradiated brain metastases than in non-irradiated primary tumor samples (mean paired difference: 30.47, SD: 29.28, p=0.001). A decrease in all immunomodulatory cell populations was found in irradiated metastasis: CD3 (mean paired difference -19.4, SD: 31.7, p=0.03), CD4 (-10.0, SD: 20, p=0.01), and CD8 (-17.4, SD: 22.1, p=0.008). While irradiated samples had numerically lower CD 31+, CD 56+, and caspase-3 scores, the difference was not statistically significant. Time interval from SRT to surgery had no effect on these parameters. Conclusions There is complex interplay between tumor-associated cells and the unique radiobiological effects of SRT on tumor tissue. Although time interval from SRT to surgery was associated with increased tumor necrosis, differences in immunomodulatory factors may be multifactorial, including concurrent corticosteroids or the immunosuppressive effect of SRT.


We present results of magnetic, transport and calorimetric measurements on U 3 T 3 X 4 with T=Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt and Au and X=Sn and Sb. A heavy-fermion behavior manifests itself in U 3 T 3 Sn 4 , where the electronic specific-heat coefficient increases from 90 mJ/K 2 mol U for T=Ni and Pt to about 300 mJ/K 2 mol U for T=Cu and Au. We ascribe the mass enhancement to the dehybridization of 5 f electrons with the d electrons derived from the T atom. On the other hand, U 3 T 3 Sb 4 with T=Ni, Pd and Pt shows a semiconducting behavior with a band gap of about 0.2 eV, whereas U 3 Cu 3 Sb 4 is a metallic ferromagnet with T c =91 K. In these antimonides, 5 f electrons are localized because of the weak hybridization with the 5 p electrons from the Sb atom. These results indicate that the number of 5 p electrons in the present system determines whether the system shows heavy-fermion or semiconducting behavior.


Examples of a method of manufacturing a glass mirror device includes the step of providing a chemically strengthened glass sheet having a thickness of less than about 2 mm. The method further includes to provide the first glass mirror comprises a step of applying a reflective layer on the second main surface of the glass plate. In another example, the glass mirror device, chemically tempered glass has a thickness of less than about 2mm and, for providing a first glass mirror has a reflective layer applied to the second major surface of the glass plate .


This paper reviews one such issue, safety, focusing on the development of a user-interface with a microcomputer CAD system. With this interface, the system is used to generate collision diagrams by users with limited knowledge of microCAD systems. Because the generation of collision diagrams is typically done by hand, and on a recurring basis, it is an ideal candidate for automation. With the help of AutoCAD, a microCAD software package, accident analyses can be done more efficiently in that diagrams can be produced, updated, and recorded more quickly and in a more organized manner than by hand.


Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of surface and interface recombination centers recently observed on (001) silicon wafers, labeled Pm and KU1, were studied using spin dependent microwave photoconductivity. Both ESR spectra, having the orthorhombic symmetry and spins S = 1/2 and S = 1 for Pm and KU1, respectively, were observed in the commercially available surface oxidized (001)-Si wafers. Systematic studies on annealing and oxidation conditions for the Pm and KU1 formation conclude that both ESR spectra arise from the same center that contains the interaction between the two nearest Si dangling bonds on the (001) Si surface.


contemporary integrated manufacturing needs suitable organization structure of enterprise. The structure should include multi-factors and can change with change of enterprise operational process. Through analysis the specialty of contemporary integrated manufacturing, the paper expounds the thought of integrated organization modeling and gives a three-dimensional netted cone model of organization structure.