This paper reviews work undertaken in the last few years aimed at developing low-cost technology to bridge the gap between subjective visual inspection of specular surfaces and costly objective methods. Since all measurement relies on comparison with a standard the approach adopted is that of the comparison microscope where controlled specimen illumination is used in conjunction with imaging procedures designed to achieve maximum sensitivity to the surface height variations expected. As height variations down to nanometres can be measured with a surface clearance of some millimetres the technology has been termed "Far-Field Nanoscopy". Advantage has been taken of the current wide availability of low-cost digital cameras and associated image processing software. It will be shown how the principal surface metrics of form and finish including roughness, waviness and imperfections can be addressed.


The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of climate (insolation and annual precipitation) and relief (slope) on the land use and forest changes in a mountainous watershed (Paquequer / RJ) representative of the Atlantic Forest. Land use thematic maps for different dates (1976 and 1996) were derived from aerial photographs and SPOT-3 XS/PAN image. Land use and natural regeneration changes in 20 years were classified as initial natural regeneration, late natural regeneration, degeneration and deforestation. GIS spatial informations were dealt with ArcGIS 9.0. While initial regeneration occurs indistinctly of the climatic and relief parameters, it is suggested that advanced regeneration is a more selective process. That is, advanced regeneration occurs mainly in areas with less insolation and higher humidity. On the other hand, the deforestation for human use tends to be more intense in lower and greater insolation slopes (toward north).


Carotid vascular pain has been misdiagnosed in the past as various other conditions. Various etiologies have been assigned to it without clinical or experimental evidence. Haphazard treatment using ganglion‐blockers, nicotinic acid, allergy hyposensitization and steroids have been instituted based on imaginary causes of the problem.


In this paper is presented a new algorithm for global path planning to a goal for a mobile robot using Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). We have also shown the detection and avoidance of static and dynamic obstacles in a closed environment using a single camera to record the state of environment in which the mobile robot operates. This is done by mapping the environment and optimization using genetic algorithm. During this process for the mobile robot steps generated by Fuzzy logic algorithm have been taken, in order to reach the target. Locations of target and obstacles to find an optimal path are given in a 2-D workplace environment. Besides, optimization steps of path finding; also we did not use real sensors for avoiding obstacle. This problem is solved by using virtual sensors to achieve fast detection and response. For the given mobile robot model, the results of simulation have been also shown by figures.


Citation: SEVGIN O, SEVGIN K (2021) Systematic Review of microRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Are microRNAs Potential Therapy for COVID-19?. J Genet Genome Res 8:053. doi.org/10.23937/23783648/1410053 Accepted: April 19, 2021: Published: April 21, 2021 Copyright: © 2021 SEVGIN O, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Open Access ISSN: 2378-3648


In this paper, a total of 25 periods of data from 3# monitoring points in the direction of the main slide of the slope were selected for model prediction accuracy validation. According to the volatility of the slope deformation detection data in the mining area, the slope deformation were predicted by three methods: conventional GM(1,1) model, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model and BP neural network.


The paper centres on the internal knowledge of an organisation were existing knowledge is found as well as new knowledge is created and disseminated through knowledge channels for the growth of the organisation. The paper also talks about the knowledge workers, who get involved in utilisation and creation of knowledge which is shared among the employees to motivate and manage the tangible and intangible assets of the organisation. Furthermore, the paper debates about manageable knowledge. The last part of the paper sheds light on Knowledge Management where the process of management is infused with production, improvement and sharing of knowledge through action and interaction.


Vehicular delay tolerant networks (VDTNs) suffer due to insufficient connection opportunities in sparse infrastructure. The sparsity of the network results in poor delivery ratio (DR). Deployment of additional small nodes named throwbox increases the contact opportunities, resulting in improved performance in terms of DR. However, randomly deployed throwboxes do not provide optimum results. Therefore, this article proposes the throwbox deployment as an optimization problem. Customized binary particle swarm optimization‐based optimization method is employed to solve the problem. With the objective of maximizing the DR, the method optimize the placement of k$$ k $$‐throwboxes in the network. The performance of the proposed methods is tested and compared by simulating a VDTN model in opportunistic network environment simulator. The optimization framework was implemented in Matlab. Exhaustive experiments were carried out by varying the number of throwboxes ( k$$ k $$ ). A statistical comparison of the results with the existing throwbox deployment methods validates the effectiveness of the proposed optimization‐based approach. The article also presents an analysis for choice of value of k$$ k $$ for a desired network performance.


Income is very unequally distributed in Latin America - but so too are opportunities for upward mobility. Early childhood development is a powerful mechanism to level the social playing field. More and better secondary education is key. Better administration of schools, combining greater flexibility with more accountability, a modern system of evaluation and incentives for school administrators and teachers are important ingredients for reforms.


We analyzed the results of radiation treatment of 728 patients with acute spinal and spinal cord traumas who were treated in Omsk Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital N1 during 2008—2011 years. The traumas were mainly caused, by catatrauma (68,7 %), car accidents (22,3 %) and the others (9 %). About 46,2 % of cases of spinal traumas were multifocal. Diagnostic algorithm, of instrumental researches in acute period, of spinal trauma was carried out in the following sequence: spondylograms in two projections (77 %), spondylograms in special positions (3 %), multispiral computer tomography (75 %) and MRI (22 %). MCT was a primary method of diagnostic of spinal fractures in patients with polytrauma and high probability of vertebral injury, without preliminary X-ray.


Free AdS 5 mixed-symmetry bosonic and fermionic gauge fields of arbitrary spins are described using su(2, 2) spinor language. Manifestly covariant action functionals are constructed and field equations are derived.


In the classical directions of epistemology and psychology of the XIX–XX centuries the problem of the Genesis of thinking was formulated as a problem of explaining the qualitative transition from visual-sensual to mediated abstract-conceptual reflection. At the same time, in the modeling of such a transition, firstly, thinking was either reduced only to sensual-figurative forms (for example, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, etc.), or interpreted as non-sensual (for example, the Wurzburg school), and secondly, the idea that such a transition is directed exclusively by socio-cultural determination (practice, work, communication, etc.) prevailed. At the turn of the XX — XXI centuries the theoretical context of this problem has significantly expanded due to psychological and epistemological concepts, in which the formation of knowledge is considered in the context of biological evolution, the principle of activity, information and operational models of intelligence, etc. On this way theoretical models in which transition from an image to thought consists in transformation by the subject of sensual imagery by means of operational influence on an image which are extracted from the imagery and fixed by signs of language are developed. With this approach, the Genesis of thinking appears as the formation of a system of interaction of operands (what is and secondary, their fragments, their combinations, abstractions, idealization, etc.) and operations on them. The formation of such a system is guided not only by socio-cultural, but also by natural and biological determinants. In the Genesis of thinking there are three stages: the formation of the prerequisites of operational activity in the psyche of the higher primates; the origin of mental operations as derivatives of subject action; interiorization of thinking. directed to the operational activity of the subject — sensual images, primary


This paper reviewed the classification of physical restraint, the improvement of restraint instruments, activity regulation device and auxiliary methods of restraint to provide references for the rational use of physical restraint among hospitalized patients.


We present the first polynomial-time algorithm to exactly compute the number of labeled chordal graphs on n vertices. Our algorithm solves a more general problem: given n and omega as input, it computes the number of omega-colorable labeled chordal graphs on n vertices, using O(n^7) arithmetic operations. A standard sampling-to-counting reduction then yields a polynomial-time exact sampler that generates an omega-colorable labeled chordal graph on n vertices uniformly at random. Our counting algorithm improves upon the previous best result by Wormald (1985), which computes the number of labeled chordal graphs on n vertices in time exponential in n. An implementation of the polynomial-time counting algorithm gives the number of labeled chordal graphs on up to 30 vertices in less than three minutes on a standard desktop computer. Previously, the number of labeled chordal graphs was only known for graphs on up to 15 vertices.


When tissue is irradiated by X rays, neutrons or radioactive radiations, energy is dissipated mainly by ionization and excitation. Ionization means the removal from atoms of electrons, leaving the atom electrically charged. It is possible that this seperation of charge sometimes has a biological significance, but it is more probable that the biological effect follows the chemical change associated with ionization. For, when an atom is ionized, the molecule of which it is a part usually undergoes chemical change. Dr. Allsopp will describe chemical evidence for this statement. The excitation of a molecule is a less drastic process than ionization, and it is not certain how far excitation is of importance in comparison with ionization. I shall not speak of excitation further, but what I have to say will not need serious modification should it turn out that excitation is of comparable importance to ionization. If ionization is the cause of the biological effect, it is clearly necessary to understand two thing...


In this article, finite elements are developed on the basis of the displacements and the Pian and Tong functionals with help of Lagrange multipliers. These elements represent sandwich structure in an accurate way, especially at interfaces, where the equilibrium state is satisfied. Developed elements are assessed and compared on several examples of static linear problems. Notations In this article, Einstein summation convention is used, but does not apply between superior indices, which designate element, and inferior indices, which denotes components: it only applies between inferior indices. We note T = σn (or Ti = σijnj) the projection of σ on the outgoing normal n to a considered domain Ω on its boundary Γ: it is the normal trace of the stress tensor on Γ. K stands for the stiffness matrix of the whole system, Q the overall vector of nodal unknowns and F the overall vector of equivalent forces.


In this study, constitutional liquation in AZ91 cast alloy at 440°C and 465°C was experimentally simulated. Metallurgical examination was conducted to reveal the morphology of the constitutional liquid and dihedral angle was measured to evaluate the wettability of the liquid on grain boundary. Dihedral angle was found to be initially ~30 degree and thus grain boundaries were incomplete wet. During annealing, the metastable constitutional liquid resolidified, followed by grain growth. The extent of grain boundary wetting by the remaining liquid increased slightly with treating time. The rate of resolidification was also evaluated and the factors affecting this rate were discussed.


Upward pricing pressure test,in short,UPP test,is a new method for screening the unilateral effects of a merger between firms that produce differentiated products.Based on the diversion ratio between the products of the merging firms,UPP test analyzes the merged firm's incentive to raise prices,and assess the possibility of unilateral effects arising from the merger.Although China still lacks the environment for application of UPP test,this method will certainly be helpful in the future as China's anti-monopoly legislation and enforcement develops.


In this paper, an iterative and adaptive algorithm suitable for real-time operation is presented in order to extract the Signal to Noise Ratio and bandwidth information of the multiple sources in the narrowband as well as the number of sources information, which are important for some radar and communication network systems. In addition, proposed algorithm is implemented on both MATLAB and C/C++ environment. Moreover the pipe-line structure and optimization processes applied for the real-time operation of the algorithm are given.


AIM To observe the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in late phase of cardioprotection induced by ventricular overdrive pacing preconditioning. METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:the simple ligation group,the pacing group and the pacing+actinomycin group. The animal models of ventricular overdrive pacing preconditioning and ischemia and reperfusion were made. The levels of creatine kinase (CK) and creatinine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were monitored and the electrocardiogram was recorded during the phase of reperfusion. HSP70 was tested by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The levels of CK and CK-MB were significantly lower in the pacing group when compared with those in the simple ligation group and the pacing+actinomycin group at the different phases after ischemia(P0.01). Arrhythmia was found in 5 cases in the simple ligation group and 4 cases in the pacing+actinomycin group,but no one in the pacing group. The occurrence rate of arrhythmia was significantly different between the simple ligation group and the pacing group(P0.05). The levels of HSP70 expression in the pacing group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. CONCLUSION The overdrive pacing preconditioning can mimic the ischemic preconditioning and the delayed cardioprotection may closely correlated with the overexpression of HSP70.


Increasing concern with regard to food safety in the presence of pesticide residues (PRs) on the surface of agricultural products has resulted in the rapid development of practical degrading technologies for corresponding PRs. In this paper, an unconventional method of degrading pesticides, non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), was proposed to degrade the avermectin (AVM) in aqueous solution. Optical emission spectroscopy shows that NTAP, consisting of filamentary streamers, contains a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may interact with AVM. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS/MS results indicate that the efficiency of AVM degradation seriously depends on multiple operation parameters of the NTAP, including the applied voltage, treatment time and gas flow rate. The maximum degradation rate of AVM was observed to be 97.47% after 240 s exposure under NTAP with an applied voltage of 18 kV and gas flow rate of 1 l min−1. Molecular dynamics simulation based on a reactive force field for the interaction between O (ground state atomic oxygen) and AVM was performed to analyze the underpinning mechanisms. The simulation result shows the possible pathways of the NTAP-generated O degrading AVM by destroying the glycosyl group or fracturing the ester group.


This paper is intended to describe, correlate, and apply to design and development of prestressed concrete pavements three exploratory research projects that were included in nine experimental investigations for master's thesis work at University of Missouri, Holla. Creep in concrete slabs under compressive stress in outdoor exposure on subgrades was much less than in slabs m the laboratory. Creep was greater near the upper surface than in slab bottom portions; as a result, slab ends warped upward and the prestress redistributed itself toward the bottom away from the slab ends, the most favorable distribution to counteract the high flexural tension stresses under axle loads. Prestress in long pavement slabs could be appbed below center depth to obtam favorable distribution and to avoid upward end warpmg. At early age, concrete tension strength Increased much faster than compressive strength. Modulus of deformation (elasticity) reached mature values early, and critical limits of extensibility were low at early age, especially so in high ambient temperatures. Under burlap curing insulation, the strain variations mcident to daily concrete temperature cycles during curing could be accommodated by the concrete without cracking at median, but apparently not at high construction temperatures. Prestressing could be applied at early age, except at low construction temperattires. The best possible curing and msulation should protect the concrete at least up to the time of prestressmg. Consideration must be given to tension stresses in end zones, and at and between prestressing cable anchors. "Bursting" cracks occurred in line with the force, incident to failure, at al l single loadings against an edge. Tension cracks perpendicular to the edge between loads occurred at the lowest failure loads applied symmettrically. The tension stresses along the edge, between spaced anchorages, could be expected at least to equal the average prestress in magnitude, and would add to flexural edge stresses caused by wheel loads. Prestressing along anchorage edges would be advisable.


This article investigates the distributed consensus disturbance rejection problem of general linear multiagent networks via the observer‐based event‐triggered control approach. By adopting the Lyapunov method, it can be proved that the distributed consensus is achieved in the presentence of matched disturbances under the proposed observer‐based event‐triggered controllers when the parameter uncertainties are not considered. Then the results are extended to the cases with parameter uncertainties. Compared to the related works, the main contribution is that the eigenvalue information of the Laplacian matrix is not required in both the controller design and the updating rule design. Moreover, continuous communications between agents can be avoided in the proposed event‐based control scheme. Simulation examples are provided to illustrative the effectiveness of theoretical results.


The provision of potable water and adequate sanitation is a basic development issue. It is central to the individual's health and well-being, and is by the same token, vital for industry and agriculture, vital for growing cities and urban areas, and central to national development. This report contends that massive improvements can be made in health, economic efficiency, equity and the environment through better management of water resources. The new policy consensus regarding the principles for financially and environmentally sustainable development in this area require fundamental and often difficult and contentious changes in long-established practices in which large vested interests are at stake. Participation, at many levels and in many contexts, is the key to implementing the new consensus. The three pre-conditions needed for successful participation are that participation must be able to make a difference, must be informed, and capacity must be built for participation.


Breath analysis has potential to become a new medical diagnostic modality. In this thesis, a method for the analysis of human expired breath was developed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. It was subsequently adopted for gas chromatography-differential mobility spectroscopy, a modality not previously applied to this problem. Tedlar bags and solid-phase microextraction were used for breath sampling and concentration prior to analysis. Four fiber coatings were evaluated with respect to selectivity and sensitivity; extraction time, gas chromatography temperature programming, and sample storage stability were explored for optimization. The method entails extraction and preconcentration with a polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene coated fiber for 30 min at 37°C, and extraction profiles for several compounds demonstrate competitive adsorption. 120 compounds were identified in breath with response variability between 23 117% about mean values. Feasibility of differential mobility spectroscopy for breath analysis was established, and this method will be the basis for future investigations on the diagnostic potential of breath analysis. Technical Supervisor: Dr. Cristina E Davis Title: Principal Member of the Technical Staff; Group Leader, Bioengineering Thesis Advisor: Dr. Julie E Greenberg Title: Principal Research Scientist, Research Laboratory of Electronics


The propagation of low‐frequency electrostatic oscillations perpendicular to a density gradient in a low‐density, fully ionized plasma in a strong magnetic field B is studied from the point of view of the linearized macroscopic equations. Two sets of waves are found in the limits where the electrons move freely along B or not at all along B. Among these are waves which travel at the electron and ion diamagnetic drift velocities, and a physical description of this phenomenon is given in terms of microscopic motions. The transition between these two sets of modes occurs at angles of propagation very close to 90° to B; to treat this region of angles one must take into account either the electron inertia or the plasma resistivity. Dispersion curves are given for this transition region. In addition, it is found that in a small range of angles one of the cyclotron waves and the wave traveling near the electron drift velocity are unstable and can be excited by the pressure gradient, even if no longitudinal curre...


Purpose: To investigate whether circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) assessment in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer predicts treatment response and provides early detection of metastatic disease. Experimental Design: We present full follow-up results (median follow-up: 68 months) from a previously described cohort of 68 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)-treated patients who underwent longitudinal ctDNA testing (712 plasma samples). In addition, we performed ctDNA evaluation of 153 plasma samples collected before and after radical cystectomy (RC) in a separate cohort of 102 NAC-naive patients (median follow-up: 72 months). Total RNA-sequencing of tumors was performed to investigate biological characteristics of ctDNA shedding tumors. Results: Assessment of ctDNA after RC identified metastatic relapse with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 98% using the expanded follow-up data for the NAC-treated patients. ctDNA dynamics during NAC was independently associated with patient outcomes when adjusted for pathological downstaging (HR=4.7, p=0.029). For the NAC-naive patients, ctDNA was a prognostic predictor before (HR=3.4, p=0.0005) and after RC (HR=17.8, p=0.0002). No statistically significant difference in recurrence-free survival for patients without detectable ctDNA at diagnosis was observed between the cohorts. Baseline ctDNA positivity was associated with the Ba/Sq subtype and enrichment of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell-cycle associated gene sets. Conclusions: ctDNA is prognostic in NAC-treated and NAC-naive patients with more than five years follow-up and outperforms pathological downstaging in predicting treatment efficacy. Patients without detectable ctDNA at diagnosis may benefit significantly less from NAC, but additional studies are needed.


The utility model relates to a pulling motor, especially a simple and convenient pulling motor water-cooling mechanism, which is characterized in that an electric motor case is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the outer wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a flow passage, a heating sleeve of the outer cylinder is interference fit with the inner cylinder, a cooling water channel is formed between the walls of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and the cooling water channel is communicated with a water inlet and a water outlet. The utility model has simple structure, combines the cooling water and the machine body as a whole, a spiral cooling water channel is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, thereby no needing to add other cooling mechanism, uniformly distributing the cooling medium and directly exchanging the heat, and improving the cooling effect. The outer cylinder is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet of the cooling channel, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively arranged at the start end and the tail end of the screw thread, the end of the combination of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder adopts welding sealing, and the watertightness is detected by a hydraulic test. The utility model greatly simplifies the manufacturing technology, reduces the processing cost, and improves the electric motor performance.


This article discusses the role of Tun Sri Lanang in designing the socio-political and religious life and in introducing both the structural and cultural changes in the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom. This article focuses on the period of Sultan Iskandar Muda until Ratu Safiatuddin. In addition to his popularity as adviser of Sultan Iskandar Muda, Tun Sri Lanang was also well-known as a pioneer in spreading Islam in east Aceh especially in Samalanga. Although he had no strong knowledge on Islam, Tun Sri Lanang had a strong interest in the existence of Islam in Aceh. The fact that Aceh in his time was noted as a centre of Islamic civilization in Southeast Asia could not be separated from the role of hulubalang and other kingdom officials who had strong interests in disseminating Islam and developing knowledge. DOI:  10.15408/sdi.v19i1.371


The paper describes the Germany's experience of conducting Foresight. The results of major projects and lessons learned are discussed. It is interesting to consider the practice of simultaneous implementation of the German and Japanese technology forecasts. Particular attention is paid to the permanent program FUTUR, which results in numerous studies and policy reports. The advantages and disadvantages of methods used are listed. The paper also provides main provisions of the German high-tech strategy, the list of technological priorities and the most important programs for their development.


The results of the pilot study meshes Uniflekslight, PVDF -M and Ultrapro tissue when implanted in the abdominal wall of the experimental animals. There have been a morphological examination of samples of the abdominal wall rabbit with an implanted material. The resultant preparations were assessed by standard histological criteria detailing the layer of subcutaneous fat, fascia and muscle tissue in terms of their reaction to the grid. Calculated cell index, representing the ratio of a number of histiocytic cells to the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. The study revealed that during the experiment up to 90 days in the Ultrapro groups, and PVDF -M during the wound healing process was dominated by inflammatory changes, manifested lymphocyte-macrophage infiltration of tissues. Under Unifleks light relief of inflammatory changes and stabilization of the tissue reaction to the implant were observed as early as 30 days of the experiment.


Wagner's gerbil, Gerbillus dasyurus, is present in Middle East, Arabian Peninsula and marginally into eastern desert of Egypt. The only records have been taken from Kilis in Turkey. In the present study, 10 specimens were collected from three localities in the Hatay Province. These specimens were captured in rocky hills and slopes with poor soil and vegetation on blocky igneous rocks, and also in the rocky lava flow area in the north eastern part of the Hatay Province. Diploid number of chromosome, number of chromosomes and fundamental number of autosomal arms of the specimens was found as 2n = 60, NF = 70 and NFa = 66, respectively. The relative abundance of species was estimated to be 2.74. The mean of the entire baculum is 2.37 mm long, and 0.52 mm the maximum wide (n=3). Number of roots on molars: 3 (M1 and M2), 2 (M1 and M2) and, 1 M3 and M3. The tail lenght is markedly longer than the total legnth of head and body. Morphological and karyologic characters of the samples verify that the indivuduals investigated belongs to Gerbillus dasyurus. However, it is possible to show inter- and intrapopulational variations because of the differences seen in the root number of M1, the proportion of the tail, and the shape of baculum etc., through a detailed study that covers all distribution area. This record is the second record of the species from Turkey. Since no examples could be obtained in the later studies in Kilis region, which was the first record locality, the protection of the new record localities in Hatay is important for the survival of the species in Turkey.


Software engineering researchers are increasingly interested in the role of emotion during software development. While general tools are available to extract emotions from textual data, these perform poorly in the domain of software engineering. Hence, this paper develops MEME – a Method for EMotion Extraction. Using GHtorrent and GitHub as data sources, the paper presents an implementation of the method. The evaluation results suggest a better performance of MEME in contrast to Syuzhet R package emotion analysis.


The most significant issue in 802.11 contention based networks is to prevent collisions and to ensure connection quality. Researchers have shown an increased interest in collision aware back-off algorithms. However, collision aware back-off algorithms are still failed to ensure strict priority for the high priority traffic. Especially in the heavy loading network, a large number of unsuccessful collisions of low priority traffic are the leading cause of the performance degradation of high priority traffic. Our scheme aims to share the transmission channel efficiently and to provide the strict priority contention scheme. Our approach is derived from the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) induced in the IEEE 802.11e standard. Relative priorities adjust the average size of the CW of each traffic class according to both applications requirements and network conditions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution by comparing with existing approaches through extensive simulations. Results show that our scheme improves the throughput of higher priority traffic as well when traffic load is heavy. Furthermore, our scheme is simple and easy to implement.


Interface friction characteristics between geosynthetics and fill materials is an important factor to determined slope stability and tension characteristics in components of liner system in landfill, so it is essential to study the interface friction characteristics. The investigation about the interface friction characteristics of 3 kinds of geosynthetics with sand and clay were presented by pull out tests. Experimental results show: (1) Shear stress pear strength and its shear displacement are increase by the normal stress is increase. (2) Friction coefficient between geosynthetics and clay is bigger than geosynthetics and sand; (3) Friction coefficient between 3 kinds of geosynthetics and sand are arranged from high to low: geotextile, EPDM geomembrane, HDPE geomembrane; (4) The geotextiles are installed on the above and down of the HDPE geomembrane, the friction coefficient of the interface is smaller than the geotextile is installed on the above of HDPE geomembrane and the geotextile is installed on the down the HDPE geomembrane.


A diverse sample (N = 389) completed a death anxiety scale and a series of questions dealing with frequency of church attendance, self-rating of religiosity, and afterlife concerns. Variance in both death anxiety and religiosity was great between age groups than across gender. Afterlife items tended to have higher correlations with death anxiety than did either self-rated religiosity or frequency of church-going. It is suggested that elements of religiosity have important interrelationships with the developmental process of the life review in old age.


If the great number of treatises of different degrees of merit on diseases of the eye, and the methods of treating those diseases, shows how much attention is now bestowed on ophthalmic medicine and surgery, this multiplicity of works tends in some degree to perplex the student in his choice. The present treatise, from a well-informed anatomical and pathological observer, is strongly entitled to the attention of the


This study proposes a self-rectifying ferroelectric tunnel junction (SR-FTJ) crosspoint array to satisfy the stringent size requirements of the Internet-of-Things devices. Each cell in the SR-FTJ crosspoint array consists of two SR-FTJs stacked vertically, resulting in ultrahigh density. The SR-FTJ crosspoint array can operate as: 1) ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) or 2) binary content addressable memory (BCAM) or physically unclonable function (PUF) in the dual-mode operation. In the dual-mode operation, the amount of the current flowing through the SR-FTJs remains the same, resulting in a stable PUF response regardless of the BCAM data. The dual-mode operation of the SR-FTJ crosspoint array is experimentally verified by 4-in wafer-level demonstrations. HSPICE simulation results using the industrial-compatible 180-nm technology with the SR-FTJ model reflecting measured characteristics show that the SR-FTJ crosspoint array achieves the lowest search energy (2.05 fJ/search/bit) and the highest randomness (Hamming weight of 0.5000) among the previous content addressable memories (CAMs) and PUFs. In addition, the SR-FTJ crosspoint array reduces area by $>$ 84.2% compared to the previous structures that implement individual CAM and PUF.


The purpose of this study was to find out empirical evidence about the effect of accounting conservatism, profitability, growth opportunities, default risk on earnings response coefficient. This research was conducted on all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange for the period 2014-2017. Samples in the study were 167 manufacturing companies that had been selected by purposive sampling method. The analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques, proving that accounting conservatism, profitability, growth opportunities, default risk affects earnings response coefficient.


Pulsators are an essential part of modern dairy milking systems. They provide the necessary teat massage needed to milk a cow in a safe, efficient, and healthy manner. Normally, pulsators operate continuously during milking. Energy savings are possible if the pulsators are shut off during the time when the milking unit is detached from the cow. This action, called pulsation stop control (PSC), can be performed by either automatic detacher systems or pulsation monitoring systems, depending on the manufacturer. Automatic detacher systems with PSC provide labor savings, better udder health, and improved equipment lifetimes. Pulsation monitoring systems with PSC provide these benefits and in addition monitor individual pulsators to insure for proper operation and monitor and record overall parlor performance. Traditionally, these benefits have been the primary reasons for use of a these systems, with energy savings being an ancillary benefit. This report documents the energy savings observed on six southern California dairies due to PSC. Energy is saved in two ways: reduction of the air flow rate of the vacuum system, and reduction of the power drawn by the individual pulsator solenoids. Introduction and Background General Dairy Farm Milking Information On modern dairy farms, milking is performed by a milking unit or milking assembly (see Figure 1) which consists of a milking claw, four rubber liners, and metal shells or housings surrounding each liner. The claw is a collection point for the milk and is connected to a milk tube through which vacuum is applied to the claw and milk flows down to the collection header. The liner is the part that is attached to each teat and extracts the milk from the cow. Figure 1. Milking Unit or Milking Assembly Source: BECO Dairy Automation 6-95 ©2009 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry Milk cannot simply be sucked from the cow by applying vacuum to the liner/claw assembly. Instead, a massaging action is required, where the teat is periodically exposed to vacuum and then allowed to rest. This is where the shell comes in; it is connected to a different vacuum line. The essential massaging action is accomplished by periodically applying vacuum, and then atmospheric pressure, to the shell space between the shell and liner. When vacuum is applied to the shell space, the liner relaxes from the teat (vacuum pressure being the same on both sides of liner), the vacuum from the claw is exposed to the teat, and milk flows. When the shell is vented (atmospheric pressure is applied), the liner collapses, the teat is no longer under vacuum and it is allowed to rest in preparation for the next massaging cycle. The device that controls the vacuum to the shells is called a pulsator. Typically, this is a three port electric solenoid valve, connected to a vacuum source, atmospheric air, and tubes going to the milking unit. The solenoid receives its signal from a controller that sets the amount of time the shell space is exposed to vacuum and the amount of time it is vented. (See Figure 2.) These times can be set to optimize milking performance. Figure 2. Pulsator Configuration Source: BECO Dairy Automation Each milking unit is actually connected to three vacuum hoses: one connecting the claw to the milk line which carries away the milk, and two connecting pulsators to shells/liners (one to two of four shells and one to the other two shells). The reason there are two sets of shells is because the front two teats are connected to one pulsator and the back two teats are connected to another. The pulsation action is synchronized so that when the front teats are being milked the back ones are resting and visa versa.


Technological advances can transform the environment in which governments enforce compliance with tax legislation and collect tax revenues. This includes the emergence and rise of mobile money payments, which have been changing the financial landscape in Africa since the launch of the mobile money transfer platform, M-Pesa, in Kenya in 2007. The emergence of this payment platform may present unique opportunities for driving tax compliance and tax investigations. This article is aimed at stimulating debate on how this emerging platform can be used for providing additional information to be used by the tax administration. It uses Kenya as a case study and highlights how these platforms can provide additional information that can be used for tracking and monitoring tax payers' activities, to enable tax administrations to determine whether tax payers' declarations in their tax returns reflect their economic activities. The article also highlights how it can provide information on individuals and businesses that, by the nature of their activities, ought to be included in the tax base, and also to provide information for identifying individuals and businesses that do not file tax returns despite being economically active. The article also highlights that the real-time data that could be made available to tax administrations could be useful for compliance monitoring, and provide a more reliable audit trail and, finally, the potential challenges.


Abstract—Gully soil transportation is one of the mainly sources of river soil. As its special physical properties, debris flow can transport abundant of solid materials into main rivers in a very short time and take significant effects on the movement characteristics and evolvement disciplinarian of the main rivers. Based on a series of flume experiments indoor, this paper discussed the main affect factors of the soil transportation in debris flow gullies. The result indicated that the composition of grain size had changed obviously between the before and after debris flow flowed through the gully. Especially for
sediment-laden flow and debris flow with high bulk density, the content of the course particles (d>2mm) increased a lot. At the same time, the scale of soil outflow increased as the increase of longitudinal slope of gully and the flow density while the formula
is power function.


Care at the end of life has become a national concern. Medical advances have not only extended life expectancy, but they have allowed people of all ages to live longer with chronic, often severely painful and disabling conditions. A corresponding assurance of quality of life, however, is not guaranteed. The health care system must respond to the needs of incurably ill patients with adequate relief from suffering, and to their families with assistance in managing their burden of care and possible financial hardships. The end of life is an important phase of life. People have the right to expect the highest quality of care possible and have their wishes about care respected. They also deserve the opportunity to address key personal issues and have their symptoms well controlled to permit the highest quality of life possible until life's end.


Research on land change has a long history, has generated numerous publications and continues to receive international research attention. To facilitate the understanding of the patterns and trends of land-change research, this article uses a content-based text-retrieval approach and self-organizing map to analyse more than 700 peer-reviewed remote-sensing and natural-science papers on land-use/cover change (LUCC) from the past two decades. We present the results in map-like displays and discuss papers within the identified clusters to examine the research activities. A new cluster of research, which has emerged in the last 5 years of analysis, has focused on mixed-pixel issues for land-use/cover mapping, particularly in the context of forest catchments. Studies of LUCC consequences after 2000 have been concerned with the effects of forest conversion on soil-nutrient pools and nitrate cycling. Incorporating information on resolutions and extents into the representations reveals a dominant scale of analysis for some research activities. Analysing time frames of examination in the papers suggests that research on long-term LUCC consequences started to use presettlement land survey records. Few attempts, however, have been made to investigate the uncertainties in the historical sources of information for LUCC research, thereby presenting a future research topic.


We theoretically study an optical system in which the back-reaction of quantum vacuum manifests itself as a sizable suppression of the absorption by a three-level emitter embedded in an optical cavity. A theoretical model including the anti-rotating-wave terms of the light-matter interaction Hamiltonian is developed to describe the conversion of zero-point fluctuations into observable radiation, as well as the back-reaction of the quantum vacuum onto the emitter.


The basic financial statements are written records that show financial performance of the company.They provide the true position and the performance of the company. The basic financial statementsinclude: statement of financial position or the balance sheet, income statement or profit and lossaccount, the statement of comprehensive income , cash flow statement, statement of changes inowner's equity or statement of retained earnings and the notes to financial statements.The balance sheet or statement of financial position provides an entire snapshot of the company onthe particular date such as company's assets, liabilities and net worth.Income statement or profit and loss account shows the company's revenue and expenses during aparticular period.The statement of comprehensive income is a statement that provides the summary of a company's net assets over a given period in time, the changes in company's equity and other comprehensiveincome.Cash flow statement shows the amount of cash and cash equivalents entering and leaving thecompany at the particular period.Statement of changes in owner's equity or also known as statement of retained earnings shows thechanges in equity throughout an accounting period.Notes to financial statements provide detailed information to a company's operation and financialposition of financial statements.There are several balance sheet formats. Balance sheet is composed of assets called active andpassive.There are several different criteria which should be adhered to when entering positions in balancesheet.


Take Toxoplasma gondii, the single-celled parasite. When mice are infected by it, they suffer the grave misfortune of becoming attracted to cats. Once a cat inevitably consumes the doomed creature, the parasite can complete its life cycle inside its new host. Or consider Cordyceps, the parasitic fungus that can grow into the brain of an insect. The fungus can force an ant to climb a plant before consuming its brain entirely. After the insect dies, a mushroom sprouts from its head, allowing the fungus to disperse its spores as widely as possible.


Abstract We present a study of the M6.6 flare that occurred on 13 February 2011 in AR 11158. The flare was accompanied by a CME and EUV waves. We use multiwavelength observations from the ground: H-alpha Solar Telescope for Argentina (HASTA), and space: Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), both onboard the Solar and Dynamic Observatory (SDO).


Background/Aims Research has demonstrated that platinum-based chemotherapy may prolong short-term survival and improve symptom control in patients with advanced (stage IIIb-IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Newer chemotherapy agents (e.g., taxanes, antimetabolites, monoclonal antibodies, drugs targeting EGFRs), used as singlet, doublet, or triplet regimens, may improve survival. However, these agents are expensive and may produce side effects requiring hospitalization. Little is known regarding variation in both use (singlet vs. doublet vs. triplet regimens) and outcomes (survival, hospitalizations, cost) in community practices over time for non-aged populations, adjusting for comorbidities. Aims Using information from the HMO Cancer Research Network's (CRN) Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW), we examined the impact on variation over time in use of first-line chemotherapy regimens (singlet vs. doublet vs. triplet) in stage lIIb-IV NSCLC patients on survival, hospitalizations, and costs. Methods Patients aged less than 21 years with stage IIIb-IV NSCLC diagnosed between 2000–2007 at four CRN sites were included in the analysis. Patients were followed from diagnosis date through 2008 (or death or disenrollment). Patient demographics, comorbidities, chemotherapy treatment data, and mortality were obtained from the CRN VDW. Propensity-adjusted survival and Poisson modeling were employed to examine variation in survival days and hospitalizations. Average wholesale price data were used to examine the relative difference in costs by chemotherapy regimen. Results We identified 3,072 stage lIIb-IV NSCLC patients who received first-line chemotherapy of which 24% were <65 years old at diagnosis. The distribution of first-line therapy changed significantly over time with the introduction of taxane, monoclonal antibody, and antimetabolite agents in the later years of the study period. Those receiving singlet regimens were older and had more comorbidities. Unadjusted survival rates were higher for those receiving triplet therapy, but only against singlet regimens in adjusted models. Those receiving singlet regimens had the greatest number of hospitalizations. The costs of doublet and triplet regimens were significantly higher than the singlet regimens. Discussion There was significant variation over time in chemotherapy regimens used in the CRN. Triplet therapy appeared to be associated with the best outcomes and fewest side effects. However, cost considerations for triplet therapy warrant assessments of their cost-effectiveness.


Currently, the nation's military is facing a real threat due to a reduction in military service resources and shorter service periods. Based on the military view that puts security first, the military tried to draw its impact and implications on the future army by reflecting the general objective content that the Ministry of National Defense and other government agencies and international agencies share. In other words, this study looks at the direction of the perception of mainstream perspectives (realism, liberalism) on international order, and presents the direction and framework for establishing future security strategies for the Korean Peninsula on the basis of military relevance that reflects the essential characteristics of military organizations contributing to national security on the theory and prospects of international order.


The situation with the road transportation inspires companies to think more and more about alternative ways of transporting goods from remote industrial zones quickly, safely and taking into account an ever more important environmental aspect. The quantity of goods transported in freight transport is increasing every year, which is also reflected in the unfavourable increase in road transport. Road transportation is often used, roads are more prone to wear, and their repair requires significant financial costs each year. The traffic situation proves that the future is using rail transportation. Moving freight from road to rail is also the intention of the European Union, which is declared in the "White Paper on Transport". In addition to other targets, it states that by the year 2030, 30% of road freight over 300 km should be transferred to other modes of transport such as rail or inland waterway transport, and by the year 2050, this should be represent more than 50%.


This article reviews collaboration as a useful means of developing students' academic skills in the process of learning foreign languages and English in particular. Collaboration is investigated within adult learning, which differs from that of teaching in many ways. Students' motivation is analysed as an inevitable part of their learning on the basis of the following approaches:  cognitive,  constructivist,  socially contextualised,  dynamically interactive. The author of the paper presents surveys on students motives of their learning in general and learning in a higher institution. The results obtained show that in order to be successful in a chosen speciality it is necessary for students to acquire both academic and collaborative skills.


Many discussions on serendipitous research discovery stress its unfortunate immeasurability. This unobservability may be due to paradoxes that arise out of the usual conceptualizations of serendipity, such as "accidental" versus "goal-oriented" discovery, or "useful" versus "useless" finds. Departing from a different distinction drawn from information theory—bibliometric redundancy and bibliometric variety—this paper argues otherwise: Serendipity is measurable, namely with the help of altmetrics, but only if the condition of highest bibliometric variety, or randomness, obtains. Randomness means that the publication is recommended without any biases of citation counts, journal impact, publication year, author reputation, semantic proximity, etc. Thus, serendipity must be at play in a measurable way if a paper is recommended randomly, and if users react to that recommendation (observable via altmetrics). A possible design for a serendipity-measuring device would be a Twitter bot that regularly recommends a random scientific publication from a huge corpus to capture the user interactions via altmetrics. Other than its implications for the concept of serendipity, this paper also contributes to a better understanding of altmetrics' use cases: not only do altmetrics serve the measurement of impact, the facilitation of impact, and the facilitation of serendipity, but also the measurement of serendipity.


Increased plasma level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a liver metabolite of gut bacteria-produced trimethylamine (TMA), has been suggested to increase cardiovascular risk. Mechanisms of TMAO increase in plasma and biological effects of TMAO are obscure. We evaluated the impact of heart failure (HF) on plasma levels of TMA and TMAO, and biological effects of the molecules.
 Gut permeability was evaluated in male, 58-week-old Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. TMA and TMAO levels were assessed using LC-MS. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was measured in anaesthetized, male, 16-week-old WKY treated intravenously with either 0.9% NaCl (vehicle), TMA or TMAO. The cytotoxicity of TMA and TMAO in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) was evaluated using MTT assay. The effect of TMA and TMAO on protein structure of bovine albumin was assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
 WKY showed no pathological changes in the circulatory system. SHHF showed HF with reduced ejection fraction. In comparison to WKY, SHHF had a significantly higher plasma level (μM) of TMA (99.05±6.40 vs 149.30±21.87) and TMAO (5.22±0.61 vs 6.69±0.67). SHHF had a significantly higher plasma-to-stool ratio of TMA, decreased intestinal blood flow and morphological alterations in the colon indicating the increased gut-to-blood penetration of TMA due to HF-induced leaky gut.
 In WKY treatment with the vehicle and TMAO did not affect MABP. In contrast, TMA (at equimolar doses to TMAO) significantly increased MABP by 5-40 mmHg in a dose dependent manner. In vitro, TMA at a concentration of 500μM reduced hVSMCs viability. TMAO at a concentration of 100mM was not cytotoxic whereas TMA at the same concentration killed cells within 24h. Finally, the incubation of albumin with TMA but not with TMAO resulted in the degradation of the protein structure.
 In conclusion, HF rats show increased plasma TMA and TMAO, which results from increased gut-to-blood penetration of TMA, a TMAO precursor. TMA but not TMAO affects hemodynamics in rats, reduces viability of cells and degrades protein structure. Therefore, TMA but not TMAO may exert deleterious effects on the circulatory system. Further clinical studies should evaluate not only TMAO but also TMA.


ABSTRACTSimulation training has been found to be an effective method to increase social work student knowledge, empathy, or skills. This study examined the impact of an interprofessional poverty si...


I magine a software assistant agent (AA) that proactively provides relevant concise personalized information to an analyst or first responder and collaborates with other AAs to share knowledge and arrange person-to-person contact. The following descriptive scenario provides an example application of this concept. A report of an explosion at a chemical plant is received by a homeland security (HLS) analyst, local firefighters, and state police. The AA for the analyst "reads" the report and immediately retrieves information about what chemicals exist in the plant and a map of nearby dangerous and vulnerable facilities. The firefighters arrive on the scene and identify the sector from which flames and smoke are emanating. An AA provides the firefighters with information on what chemicals are likely to be burning, how to extinguish the fire, and the potential health hazards of the smoke. The AA notifies the HLS analyst that it is a harmless gas. Plant personnel tell state police they saw a suspicious individual in a car in the parking lot. The police enter the license plate number of the suspicious car and the analyst AA immediately searches for aliases of the owner and links to terrorist organizations. A link is found and the HLS analyst's AA searches for an AA of an expert on that terrorist group. The terrorist expert AA notifies the HLS AA that an associate of the suspicious person is a chemical engineer that works in a nearby plant where another explosion has just been reported. The HLS AA discovers that if the two smoke plumes intersect they will create a deadly acid mist. The AA plots the smoke plumes on a map and notifies the HLS analyst that the combined plume will reach a crowded sports stadium in approximately 15 minutes. The AA immediately initiates a phone call between the HLS analyst and stadium security. This scenario illustrates how a team of software agents could support a team of people to accomplish a time-critical task related to U.S. homeland security activities. One of the major technical issues in designing software agents with these capabilities is they need to be By Paul Kogut, John Yen, Yui Leung, Shuang Sun, Rui Wang, Ted Mielczarek, and Ben Hellar


1. An aptamer that specifically binds to IL-23.2. The aptamer of claim 1 wherein IL-23 is a variant of IL-23, which performs a biological function that is substantially the same as the function of IL-23.3. The aptamer of claim 2, wherein IL-23 variant has substantially the same structure and substantially the same ability to bind to said aptamer as IL-23.4. The aptamer of claim 3, wherein IL-23 or a variant thereof comprises an amino acid sequence at least 70% identical to a sequence comprising SEQ ID NO 4 and 5.5. The aptamer of claim 3, wherein IL-23 or a variant thereof comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical to a sequence comprising SEQ ID NO 4 and 5.6. The aptamer of claim 3, wherein IL-23 or a variant thereof comprises an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to a sequence comprising SEQ ID NO 4 and 5.7. The aptamer of claim 3, wherein IL-23 or a variant thereof has the amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO 4 and 5.8. The aptamer according to claim 7, which is a ribonucleic kislotu.9. The aptamer according to claim 8, which is a single-stranded ribonucleic kislotu.10. The aptamer according to claim 7, which is a deoxyribonucleic kislotu.11. The aptamer of claim 10, which is a single stranded deoxyribonucleic kislotu.12. The aptamer according to claim 7, which has a dissociation constant for IL-23, or variant thereof, of about 100 nM or menee.13. The aptamer of claim 12, which has a dissociation constant for IL-23, or variant thereof, of approximately 50 nM or menee.14. The aptamer of claim 13, which has a dissociation constant for human IL-23 or a variant thereof, of approximately 10 nM or menee.15. The aptamer of claim 14, which has a const


Pietro Torelli has been an archivist and a scholar of the juridical and social history of Middle Ages. He still stands as a figure both important and "enigmatic" in the Italian medieval research of the first half of the twentieth century: spanning from the fine analysis of Accursius' Glossa to the unfinished masterpiece on the commune of Mantova, his most significant contributions have left a still complex and sometimes controversial trace in the Italian historiographical tradition.


This paper,collecting the provincial panel data of China,estimates the transformation performance of scientific achievements by principal component analysis and explores the relationship between transformation performance of scientific achievements and their influencing factors by establishing the ECM model.The result shows that science and technology aggregation both have a long-run and short-run significant positive effect on the transformation performance of scientific achievements;RD fund both has a long-run and short-run significant negative effect on the transformation performance of scientific achievements;The number of RD personals and educationalenvironment,infrastructure level have a long term significant influence on the transformation performance of scientific achievements;Institution construction has no significant influence on the transformation performance of scientific achievements.


In the article the general theoretical background of the deformation model for the estimation of the restrained strains and self-stresses under two-way restraint conditions is presented. This model takes into account the cumulative force and can be applied at arbitrary restraint conditions in orthogonal directions. The paper also contains the main provisions of the design model that allows for the effect of the initial stress state under the static loading.


DNA methylation is one of the most extensive epigenetic modifications. DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) plays a key role in many biology regulation processes. An accurate and reliable genome-wide identification of 6mA sites is crucial for systematically understanding its biological functions. Some machine learning tools can identify 6mA sites, but their limited prediction accuracy and lack of robustness limit their usability in epigenetic studies, which implies the great need of developing new computational methods for this problem. In this paper, we developed a novel computational predictor, namely the 6mAPred-MSFF, which is a deep learning framework based on a multi-scale feature fusion mechanism to identify 6mA sites across different species. In the predictor, we integrate the inverted residual block and multi-scale attention mechanism to build lightweight and deep neural networks. As compared to existing predictors using traditional machine learning, our deep learning framework needs no prior knowledge of 6mA or manually crafted sequence features and sufficiently capture better characteristics of 6mA sites. By benchmarking comparison, our deep learning method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the 5-fold cross-validation test on the seven datasets of six species, demonstrating that the proposed 6mAPred-MSFF is more effective and generic. Specifically, our proposed 6mAPred-MSFF gives the sensitivity and specificity of the 5-fold cross-validation on the 6mA-rice-Lv dataset as 97.88% and 94.64%, respectively. Our model trained with the rice data predicts well the 6mA sites of other five species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Fragaria vesca, Rosa chinensis, Homo sapiens, and Drosophila melanogaster with a prediction accuracy 98.51%, 93.02%, and 91.53%, respectively. Moreover, via experimental comparison, we explored performance impact by training and testing our proposed model under different encoding schemes and feature descriptors.


This study has investigated the burnout levels of 81 Kurdish EFL instructors working at governmental schools in district of Erbil and attempted to indicate whether there was a meaningful relationship between teachers' burnout levels and their age, gender, marital status, seniority in profession, educational background. In order to conduct the research, the participants of the study were selected among only English teachers working at governmental schools in district of Erbil.The setting of the study was nearly almost all governmental schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education of Kurdistan in district of Erbil. The study was conducted during the academic year (20172018).In the study two types of questionnaires were distributed to collect data from participants. The first one was demographic form and the second one was Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).The quantitative data which was gathered via questionnaire were analysed by utilizing SPSS 11.5. The descriptive data analysis was led by ascertaining frequencies, arithmetical averages and standard deviations for deciding what the level of instructors' burnout was and whether there was a statistically significant difference between burnout levels and participants' age, gender, marital status, seniority in profession, educational background. The results indicated that the participants showed a very low level of burnout with respect to Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. In contrast, the participants showed higher level of burnout in accordance to Personal Accomplishment. Moreover, the study showed that there was no significant difference between some variables of the study including age, gender, and marital status and burnout levels of the subjects. As for seniority in profession variable, the results reported that there was no significant difference between the years of experience of the teachers and the levels of burnout in regard of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales, whereas, for personal accomplishment subscale, the subjects showed a slight significant difference of the levels of burnout. Likewise, for educational background variable, the statistical outcomes revealed that there was no significant difference of burnout levels regarding emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment subscales, while, there was a significant difference concerning depersonalization subscale.


DC-DC converters are the kernel parts in the switching power supplies. There are abundant dynamical behaviors in them. In order to discover all these linear and nonlinear phenomena, it is demanded to put forward some appropriate modeling methods. This article discusses the modeling methods, which aimed at some familiar DC-DC converters under the control of voltage and current mode. They include exact simulation model and discrete map. All results are brought with experiments. The study methods and process in this paper are suitable to the other converters operating under the control of voltage or current mode


daily injections with spiperone exactly as in control rats. Since this pretreatment with spiperone did not alter the acute response to pergolide, it became possible to do an experiment to see if spiperone given along with daily injections of pergolide would prevent the diminished response to acute pergolide injection. Fig. 2 shows the results of such a study. In control rats, the acute injection of pergolide caused a nine-fold increase in serum corticosterone. In rats pretreated with four daily injections of pergolide, the acute response to pergolide was greatly diminished. A statistically significant increase in corticosterone was produced by pergolide acutely in these rats, but the increase was only two-fold. In rats that had received spiperone along with daily injections of pergolide for four days, the acute injection of pergolide on day 5 again caused a nine-fold increase in serum corticosterone concentration. The decreased responsiveness that had occurred after daily administration of pergolide was totally prevented by daily coadministration of spiperone.


With a view to establish a measurement-based profile and prediction model of slant path attenuation due to subtropical rain, rainfall data as well as received signal level (RSL) over a 12 GHz satellite TV Receive Only (TVRO) link were monitored simultaneously over a period of about two years in Durban South Africa (28087'S, 30098'E). The rain rate (R0.01) exceeded at 0.01% of time at the location seasonally and over the period of measurement was obtained as 69 mmh-1. The variation pattern of the received signal in clear air over the period was investigated and its relationship with fluctuations of atmospheric parameters other than rain was established by multiple regression. Event-by-event correlation of the rain rate data with that of the RSL in the time domain was carried out, resulting in a reliable subtropical rain attenuation profile which was used to develop a model for slant path rain attenuation due to subtropical precipitation. The model was validated by comparison with the generalized ITU-R model. The latter was found to slightly overestimate path attenuation at rain rates higher than 30 mm/h. The path attenuation exceedance probability over the link is also presented.


The activity of M&B 2948A(I) against Schistosoma inansoni in mice was reported by Collins, Davis, Edge, Hill, Reading & Turnbull (1959), who also found that it produced ocular effects in only a small proportion of the cats tested, in contrast to 1,5-di-(p-aminophenoxy)pentane and its homologues, which with the exception of the were all retinotoxic Davis, Edge & Hill, 1958). the the compound was


The crystal structures of Sb2Tl7, Cu5Zn8, and Ir3Ge7 are discussed with the aid of shortest distances of Dirichlet domains and of voids in their frameworks. It will be pointed out that all three frameworks must be regarded as different though relations between the atomic parameters are obvious. The Sb2Tl7 structure represents a superstructure of an I lattice. The frameworks of Sb2Tl7 and of Cu5Zn8 contain tetrahedral voids only, while in Ir3Ge7 voids with a larger coordination number also exist.


Acquiring preference information from decision-makers and stakeholders may carry biasing effects due to question framing. In order to avoid unwanted distortions, respondent-driven querying methods are advisable to apply; however, concerning multiple stakeholders a challenge remains how to combine individually collected concepts and further on their individual valuations to an unified preference information. This paper introduces one solution: a semi-automatic stochastic simulation of joint preferences from partially overlapping individual concept lists and preference ratings. We used completed expert interview dataset of cultural sustainability indicators acquired for comparing bioenergy production chains. According to the results the approach seems generally applicable, but the feasibility may vary according to case characteristics. Combining concept list valuations with stochastic simulations may be more feasible the more similar the expected concept structures are. The presented method contributes particularly to planning processes in which democratic participation of a large number of stakeholders is needed in the goal setting phase. However, more tests with different decision problem types are needed to verify and refine the present findings.


Poster: "ESSR 2015 / P-0084 / Don't Forget the Physeal Injury: Developmental anatomy of the physes and pictorial review of injury patterns in the shoulder girdle of the immature skeleton" by: "I. Anwar, D. Amiras, M. Khanna, M. Walker; London/UK"


The health care industry will be a large customer of big data while predictive analytics already underlie important health care and public health initiatives. Yet big data are not benign. For example, data brokers, the businesses that buy, process, and sell "big data" are performing an end-run around health data protection by creating data "proxies" outside of HIPAA-protected space. From 2012-14 various branches of the federal government published five major reports on privacy. All five were in favor of increased regulation of data brokers. However, their recommendations for legislative or regulatory intervention were quite diverse. This essay describes the various proposals and offers a critical synthesis.


An expression is developed in diffusion theory for estimating the first-order change in a ratio of linear functionals due to a perturbation in the current-to-flux ratio boundary condition of a system. One numerical example is given. Additionally, it is shown that the perturbation formalism may be used in the spatial homogenization process to account for interassembly effects such as gross flux tilts and spectral effects caused by neighboring assemblies in the reactor core.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the burden of this devastating disease is expected to increase. The variability in the incidence and prevalence of this disease is documented in many epidemiological studies. This variation may be attributed to the variation in the prevalence of major risk factors such as, smoking, drinking, gender, hepatitis B and C viral infection and the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In order to understand the role of such risk factors in the disease etiology a surveillance system with rich data should be available. We intend to use the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) data to establish the relationship between age, gender, and the HCC incidence, and the future burden in terms of the forecasted number of liver cancer cases. Moreover we shall link the information available from the Saudi Transplant Registry (STR) with a model that utilizes the number of forecasted HCC cases to predict the future number of needed liver transplants, and hence the economic burden for the next 10 years. This is done by using the Poisson regression model for count data. The projected information will be reported (within limits of uncertainty) and is expected to play a critical role in guiding health officials on future disease patient management.


A virtual instrument for surface roughness tester is implemented.The program for this VI is developed,and the measuring circuit is designed and debugged.A A/D converter and the computer interface using USB acquisition card are realized.Monitoring the zero position and the measuring control using computer are achieved.According to the national standards for definition of parameters in surface roughness and pre-implementation function,the software platform is set up using the VB6.0.Finally,the proccess for debugging the whole measuring system and the error testing is also introduced.


Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP38) is a multifunctional neuropeptide and a member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide family. It functions as a hypothalamic hormone, neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurotrophic factor. PACAP38 has been shown to be neuroprotective in some animal models of neurodegeneration. The objective of this study was to determine whether PACAP38 was protective against the neurotoxicity induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an nitric oxide (NO) donor. Treatment of primary cortical neuronal cultures with 1 mM SNP for 4 h caused neuronal cell death that was significantly reduced by 100 nM PACAP38. We also examined the ability of PACAP38 to alter SNP induced expression of cell death associated proteins. Our results indicated that PACAP38 downregulated SNP‐induced cell cycle protein (cyclin E) and pro‐apoptotic protein (Bad) expression. The neuroprotective effects of PACAP38 against SNP‐induced apoptosis support the possibility that PACAP38 could reduce neurodegeneration in the brain in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease where NO‐mediated neurotoxicity has been implicated.


A previous version of the manuscript was mistakenly published. A note linking to a correct version of the article can be found on the article page. Text was removed from the Abstract. A sentence was removed from the first paragraph in the Results and three sentences were added to the fourth paragraph in the Results. Text was added to the second and fourth paragraphs in the Discussion and text was modified in the third paragraph in the Discussion. The text for the legend of Figure 3 was also modified. The figures themselves were published correctly.


For original paper see H. Deng, ibid., vol.11, no.2, p.179-182, (2004). This paper presents reply to "comments on 'discrete frequency-coding waveform design for netted radar systems'".


As already stated in other articles, valves of certain types are at risk for dislocation of the disc. In order to demonstrate that this can still occur and that probabilities of dislocation still have to be adapted to in the fu ture, the authors describe three disc dislocations and their outcome. From these cases it is clear that prosthetic disc embolization still has a very high mortality. These case reports also show the necessity of an emergency operation and the different time in tervals available for intervention de pendent on the location of the valve prosthesis (aortic-mitral position). Difficulties of interpreting the chest x-ray can exist owing to the presence of metallic sternal sutures. Whether routine reoperation is necessary in high-risk groups is discussed. Two prosthetic valves with their disrupted minor strut were sent back to the company. The results of extensive study of these valves are discussed.


When carrying out the wind resource assessment,a set of revised representative wind data,which is based on the relationship between the local wind mast and nearby weather station,is always used to carry out the analysis on the wind source,and the determination of the representa-tive wind speed is the key factor which influences the error of the assessment.In this paper,an er-ror analysis has been taken between the conventional method and the improved method through as-sessing the wind resource of a wind farm in Inner Mongolia.It is found that the revised wind re-source in the representative year is consistent with that of the nearby weather station.Moreover,the improved method has the advantage of less uncertainty and less error.


Parents in Albania, especially mothers exercise violence toward children during their adolescence as a protective measure to protect them from several viruses that have infected our society days. Life experiences and socio-psychological studies show that, especially boys, since childhood and during adolescence have been exposed to domestic violence exercised directly to them or to other members of the family.This conclusion is confirmed by the social geography of the black chronicle in the Albanian reality. According to the available data in the Statistical Office of the General Prosecutor of Albania Republic, about 41.1% of crimes such as murder, wounding, robbery with violence, kidnapping etc are committed by young people 19-26 years old age group and this percentage is increased a lot during the recent years. A study of family background of young people who have committed criminal acts with a high level of aggression against another's life shows that most of them are adults grown up and socialized in families where is exercised violence, where older males discuss about perverse behaviours, for crimes and violence against others.Violence within family is a global phenomenon and Albania, although a small country, cannot remain outside its negative impact.The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the violence within family in Albania, its forms and the factors that cause it.
 DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n4p391


This paper extends earlier work on the definition of Wannier functions for Bloch electrons in a magnetic field. Extensions to irrational as well as rational magnetic fields are defined, and their properties investigated. The results are used to give a generalization of the Peierls effective Hamiltonian which is valid when the magnetic flux per unit cell is close to any rational number.


The Pt(II) , Pd(II) and Fe(II) complexes of newly synthesised ligand p-Phenyl isonitrosoacetophenone (p-PhINAP) have been synthesized . The complexes of formula Pt(p-PhINAP)2 , Pt(p-PhINAP)2 & Fe(p-PhINAP)2 were investigated by element microanalysis for C,N,H,M. Infrared Spectra (IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra (HNMR) and Magnetic properties. Based on spectral data, complexes appear octahedral geometry. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes against the microbes were higher than that of ligand p-Phenyl isonitrosoacetophenone . Key word: Pt(p-PhINAP)2, Pd(p-PhINAP)2,Fe(p-PhINAP)2, octahedral geometry, HNMR and antimicrobial activity. Introduction : Coordination chemistry is undoubtedly the most active research area in inorganic chemistry. Several coordination complexes have been synthesized and investigated during the past few decades. Ever since the importance of coordination phenomenon in biological processes was realized, lot of metal containing macromolecules have been synthesized and studied to realize the role of these ligands in biological systems, and they also contribute to the development of new metal-based chemotherapeutic agents. Transition metal complexes of oxime have been the most widely studied co-ordination compound in the past few years due to their unusual magnetic properties, novel structural feature and relevance to biological system[1-3]. With significant development in the field of biological activity of metal chelates plays vital role in the causes and treatment of Cancer[4,5]. The ligand p-bromoisonitrosoacetophenone (p-BrINAP) and pchloroisonitrosoacetophenone (P-ClINAP) have also been studied for few transition metals[6,7]. However, structural studies of the complexes of transition metals with p-phenyl isonitroso acetophenone have not been reported so far. The present paper describes the synthesis and characterization of complexes of transition metals Pt(II), Pd(II) & Fe (II) with p-phenyl isonitroso acetophenone on the basis of elemental analysis, IR Spectra, NMR Spectra, Magnetic properties and Antimicrobial activity. © 2020 JETIR February 2020 , Volume 7, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRDI06061 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 315 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION All solvents, reagents, chemicals of A.R. grade and were commercially available and used as received without purification . The ligand isonitroso p-phenyl acetophenone was prepared by the method described in the literature . The metal complexes were prepared as follows:Preparation of Pt (p-PhINAP)2 complex :A 0.409 g of chloroplatinic acid was dissolved in a minimum quantity of distilled water and equal volume of alcohol. Similarly 0.450g of p-PINAP was dissolved in a minimum quantity of alcohol and equal volume of distilled water. The platonic solution was added to the reagent solution drop wise with constant stirring. The pH was adjusted to 2.0 to 3.0. Then the solution was kept in a boiling oilbath for 45 minutes, a colored complex was separated. It was filtered, washed with distilled water, dried at 100C for 4 hours. It was recrystallised from chloroform and analyzed for platinum, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Preparation of Pd (P-PhINAP)2 Complex:Palladium chloride (0.177g) was dissolved in a minimum quantity of alcohol and equal volume of distilled water. Similarly 0.450g of p-PINAP was dissolved in a minimum quantity of alcohol and equal volume of water. The palladium solution was added to the reagent solution drop by drop with constant stirring. The pH was adjusted to 3 – 4 with HCl / NH4OH. This solution was refluxed on sand bath at 100 C for 4-6 hrs and then kept in vacuum desicator for 24 hrs. A colored complex formed was digested on water bath for 30 minutes. It was filtered, washed with water and dried at 100C for several hours. It was recrystallized from chloroform and analyzed for palladium, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Preparation of Fe(p-PhINAP)2 complex :0.450g. of p-PINAP was dissolved in a minimum volume of alcohol and equal volume of water was added. Similarly 0.392 g. of ferrous ammonium sulphate was dissolved in water. The FAS solution was added to reagent solution drop by drop with constant stirring. The pH was adjusted between 5.0 – 6.0 with buffer tablets. This solution was refluxed on oil bath at 100C for 2 hrs& then kept in vacuum desiccator for overnight. A blue colored solid complex was formed. It was filtered and dried under vacuum. The blue solid was dissolved in minimum amount of chloroform and solution was filtered, chloroform was removed at room temperature under reduced pressure. The blue colored complex was dried under vacuum and analyzed for iron, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. © 2020 JETIR February 2020 , Volume 7, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRDI06061 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 316 Physical Measurements: 1HNMR spectra were registered by using Ultra Shield. Infrared spectra were obtained on FTIR Bruker in potassium bromide pellets. Digital was used to measure the molar conductivity at 25 C for 10M solution of DMSO Micro elemental analysis(C.H.N.) were performed using elemental analyzer..Magnetic measurements of complexes were carried out from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature with Gouy's balance using mercury tetra-thiocyanatocobalt (II) as magnetic susceptibility standard. Diamagnetic corrections were calculated by the method given in the literature. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Quantitative analysis and some properties of the complexes are reported in Table 1. On the basis of analytical data Pt(II),) Pd(II) and Fe(II) complexes can be represented as Pt(p-PhINAP)2, Pd(p-PhINAP)2 & Fe(p-PhINAP)2. By studying the prepared complexes, it was found to be thermally stable and dissolve in some solvents such as DMF,DMSO. From the data listed in the table (1), each the prepared complexes have the non-electrolytic nature of DMSO solvent in10-3M at 25C [8].suggesting absence of a free oxime group due to removal of oximino proton during complexation. This is supported the infrared spectral studies. The molar conductance values in nitrobenzene indicate their non-electrolytic nature[9] Table –1 Quantitative analysis , Color At room temperature COMPLEX COLOUR % C % H % N % M Pt(p-PINAP)2 Gray 52.00 (52.25) 4.00 (3.14) 4.25 (4.35) 9.94 Pd(p-PINAP)2 Yellowish green 60.02 (60.59) 3.50 (3.64) 5.00 (5.05) 11.53 Fe(p-PINAP)2 Blue 66.44 (66.68) 4.00 (4.01) 5.32 (5.55) 12.69 © 2020 JETIR February 2020 , Volume 7, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRDI06061 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 317 Infrared Spectra: I.R. spectra (3900-400 cm) of the complexes are practically same. The frequencies of some significant band of the ligand and those with the metal complexes are reported in Table 2. On the basis of literature data, the observed frequencies of different groups in the metal complexes have been assigned. The vO-H of the oxime group observed at 3280 cm -1 in (p-PhINAP) is absent in the spectra in complexes suggesting replacement of Hof OH group of oxime by the metal ion during complex formation with metal ion[10]. A band appears in the range 1200-1150 cm is reported that N-oxide (N→O) stretching mode in aromatic ring compounds[11]. The peak observed near 1608, 1612, 1600 cm in spectrum of M (pPhINAP)2 may be assigned to the perturbed vC=0 and /or vC=N stretching vibration involving bonding through oxygen, and nitrogen donor atoms The bands at 1062, 1089, in M(p-PhINAP)2 are attributed to the N-O stretching in the ligand[12]. It is important to note that for metal complexes reported have coordination only through the oxime oxygen or nitrogen atoms only. One medium to strong band at around 1050 or 1200-1250 cm is found leading to a symmetrical six member ring structure[13]or asymmetrical five member ring structure. Table 2: Infrared Spectral Frequencies (4000 to 400 cm ) of ligand and metal complexes p-PhINAP Pt (II) Pd (II) Fe(II) Assignment of group 3290 --1640 ----1080 --763 693 --3430 --163


Innovation of corn germplasms is greatly important to improve corn heterosis. It must be admitted that there are no heterosis increase without the innovation of its germplasms. It proved through long practice that recurrent selection is indispensable in corn breeding because it is frequently used and is very efficient for corn germplasm innovation. In this paper, it is discussed in great detail that the effect of recurrent selection on innovation of corn germplasms and the methods,within population(improving one population)and between populations(improving two populations).


The utility model discloses a health care mask, wherein the interlayer of the mask body is internally provided with a magnetic bead; the arrangement position of the magnetic bead in the interlayer of the mask body at least corresponds to the facial Xiaguan point, Jiache point or Dicang point; the lower edge of the mask body extends below the lower jawbone; and the lower jaw position of the mask body is provided with an elastic band. The health care mask is particularly suitable for the crowd wearing the mask for a long time, and plays the role of health care while playing the role of protection.


Abstract We herein report a novel method for the coupling of unactivated alkynes and arylallenes, which relies on an unprecedented and regioselective 1,2‐carboboration of the allene by an alkenylborane. The alkenylborane is conveniently prepared in situ by hydroboration of an alkyne with Piers' borane, i. e., HB(C6F5)2. The boryl‐substituted 1,4‐dienes that are formed by this carboboration are well‐suited for a subsequent Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling with aryl iodides. This allowed us to develop a three‐step, one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of aryl‐substituted 1,4‐dienes. The generality of the reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of twenty dienes with modular variations of all three reaction partners. The mechanism of the new 1,2‐carboboration was investigated using dispersion corrected double‐hybrid DFT computations that allowed us to rationalize the chemo‐ and regioselectivity of this key step.


This work aimed to evaluate the effect of local and planting spacing on the production and quality of Eucalyptus urophylla charcoal. Five disks along the trunk of trees from clone 3336 were sampled. Carbonization was performed in muffle furnace with 450 oC final temperature. The gravimetric yields in carbonization, proximate chemical analysis, wood basic density, apparent relative density, and higher heating value of charcoal were evaluated. An entirely randomized design disposed in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme was adopted, considering the different locations (Curvelo and Itacambira) as factorial levels and (3 × 3 m and 3 × 4 m) planting spacing. Dependency between local and spacing was only observed for ash content. The basic density of the wood was influenced by the spacing and local. Influence of local was only observed for fixed carbon content and gravimetric yields in charcoal and fixed carbon. The planting spacing did not affect the quality and production of the charcoal evaluated.


Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a strong risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, few risk scores exist for incident AF that reflect nationwide. We conducted a meta-analysis to d...


in-group selections much more than by chance, while the group having the largest majority departs least from chance in making selections. (3) At all ages, single and previously married persons are less likely to marry each other than they would with random selection. However, widowed and divorced persons marry each other in greater than chance proportions only up to ages 30 or 40. During the later years the frequency of this combination is below chance expectation, and similar to that of the single-previ


The theoretical model of thermal-steady-state anisotropic 2μmTm:YLF crystal was built based on the practical operation condition. Analytical solution was used to get the analytical expression of the distribution of temperature in Tm crystal and thermal focal length. Then, the influence of pump power, waist radius and crystal face size to the distribution of temperature and thermal focal length was simulated. The results show that the temperature rise and nonuniformity of thermal distortion are intensified by the increase of doping density which leads to a worse thermal effect. The temperature rise and nonuniformity of thermal distortion are weakened by the modest increase of crystal length which leads to a good thermal condition. The results in this paper provide theoretical basis for cavity design and cooling system of dual-pumped Tm:YLF laser.


After the recent detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Southwestern France, the entomological surveillance in the Basque Country, since 2013, has found two positive traps in Irun (Guipuzkoa). The differences in environmental conditions, which could influence its establishment, between this area and the Spa- nish Levante populations are discussed. Also, this is the first record of Culex hortensis Ficalbi, 1889 and Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838) for the Basque Country and the Guipuzkoa pro- vince. Also it is the first record of Cx. pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 for the Guipuzkoa province.


IVAC has announced that its subsidiary, River Medical, received FDA authorization to market its SmartDose infusion pumps in prefilled versions, making it the only prefilled disposable pump currentlyavailable. Prefilled SmartDose containers come in 50·, 100-, and 250-mL volumes, with two different diluents available, dextrose5% injection, USP, and NaCi 0.9% injection, USP. This disposable infusion delivery system uses a positive-pressure pumping technology to provide constant and precise fluid delivery. Becausethe drug and diluent are kept separate until the patient is ready to receive the medication, the shelf life of drugs that are not stable in solution isextended, and it reduces the number of deliveries and visits necessary to serve the needs of a homecare patient using such drugs. Amongthe expected initial uses of the infusion system is delivery of antibioticsand chemotherapy. Future applications are seen in the areas of patient-controlled analgesia and thrombolytics. Currently, SmartDose can administer drugs at one of four different flow rates, with intervals ranging from one to three hours.


I rely on a discrete-choice leaf supply model with differentiated manufacturers, in an factor supply version of Berry (1994), which has been applied to labor markets by Card et al. (2018) and Azar et al. (2022). There are two reasons to model manufacturers as being differentiated, rather than homogeneous, from the farmer's perspective. First, there is substantial cross-sectional leaf price variation within leaf markets (counties) that is explained by firm fixed effects. Regressing log leaf prices on county and year dummies yields an R = 0.669, adding firm fixed effects increases this toR = 0.859. In a model were manufacturers are homogeneous from the farmer's perspective, we would expect little to no within-market leaf price variation.1 Second, some of the observable nonprice manufacturer characteristics that will be included in the model yield large and statistically significant coefficients, as discussed in Section A.3.


P erformance improvement for companies and governmental agencies involved in "international projects" is a major challenge of the new century. Business joint ventures, subsidiaries of multinational corporations, aid projects, and similar international projects have been multiplying in recent decades and have had spotty records of success—understandably, in view of their inherent difficulty. This article will summarize lessons from the authors' experience and research in improving the success of international projects and identify 10 causes of international project failure and the corresponding steps to success.


Narrowband (e.g., less than six resource blocks) for the LTE system having a system bandwidth of the subband CQI report is introduced to address the problems associated with such a narrowband system. Fixed sub band size, semi-static subband size, and that the adaptive sub-band size for the three related methods of describing. To different degrees, it is specified according to each of which channel conditions. .FIELD 21B


Ms L. was a 46 year-old who first attended the clinic in the summer of 1999. She seemed worn down. She was of medium build, slightly pale, and well presented. She had a good job in marketing, although felt some bitterness at having been passed over for promotion a number of times. She was suffering with headaches and said that she wanted relief from these, and also an improved sense of well being. She had four distinct types of headache: • The first occurred mostly on Monday mornings, although it could also come on during the day, when she would feel it as a constant background "noise". It concentrated itself around the temples and behind the eyes, but could also express itself as a band around the back of the head from the temples, and sometimes over the top of the head "like a cap". Although this headache felt "like I can hardly lift the weight of my head", Ms L was able to go to work with it. It was worse during stormy weather, and sometimes resolved with eating. It made her want to lie down and close her eyes.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce the simplified linkage position determination method using tandem mass spectrometry combined with molecular modeling study. Using low energy tandem mass spectrometric experiments and molecular modeling, it has been suggested that significant differences in glycosidic bond cleavage may occur due not only to ionic considerations but also may have contributions from steric hindrance of the absorbance of collision energy, leading to a statistically higher bond cleavage for sterically crowded linkages. Permethylated derivatives of the linkage-isomeric trisaccharides give useful fragmentation ratios and product-ions, including a 3-linkage specific ion. The ratios of fragment ions are related to the ability of each linkage position in the oligosaccharide to absorb collisional energy.


Opinions and suggestions on how to improve city construction level are set forward according to the analysis and investigation to the ubiquitous problems in city construction.