Abstract The sink rate of baited hooks during the deployment of a pelagic longline was determined using time depth recorders. This study was undertaken to determine how long baited hooks are within the known diving ranges of seabirds. During the vessel's normal fishing operations the unweighted baited hooks reached a mean depth of 5.57 m, 30 s after being deployed. The tori line aerial section covered the longline for a mean time of 29.3 s. With the addition of a 60 g lead swivel, the mean baited hook depth attained more than doubled to 13.44 m, and a further trial using a lead core cord in the snood configuration showed a small but significant increase in hook depth over the unweighted control (7.27 m). An increase in wind speed caused the baited hooks to sink faster (0.54 m for each Beaufort unit increase in wind speed). There was also evidence that the apparent wind direction while the vessel is setting also has an effect on the depths realised, but swell height had no detectable effect. The temperature of the bait also significantly affected the hook depth: partially thawed baits sank faster than thawed baits. A 1°C rise in bait temperature reduced the depth by 0.19 m. During normal line setting on this vessel using unweighted branchlines and a tori line, a considerable proportion of the baited hooks are within the known diving range of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus), white chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta), black browed albatross (T. melanophrys), grey headed albatross (T. chrysostoma), and light mantled sooty albatross (Phoebetria palpebrata). The addition of a 60 g weight removes the baited hooks from the recorded diving range of all of these species except sooty shearwaters. Investigating the behaviour of different gear configurations along with evaluating the effect that environmental conditions have on the deployment of a longline will greatly add to our understanding of why some seabirds are caught.


During mammalian oocyte maturation, protein synthesis is mainly controlled through cytoplasmic polyadenylation of stored maternal mRNAs. In this study, the role of polyadenylation modification of maternal transcripts in pig oocytes was investigated by adding cordycepin (3′‐dA), a potent polyadenylation inhibitor, to the culture medium of porcine oocytes maturing in vitro. 3′‐dA significantly prevented cumulus expansion regardless of the concentration used, and inhibited pig oocyte maturation in a dose‐dependent manner. Further, 3′‐dA 1 µg/ml‐treated MII oocytes experienced significantly lower rates of cleavage (29%) and blastocyst formation (15.35%) compared to control MII oocytes (58.6% and 35.3%, respectively). Western blotting revealed that the activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p34cdc2 was significantly decreased in oocytes and cumulus cells treated with 3′‐dA at a concentration of 1 µg/ml or greater. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, expression patterns and polyadenylation states of four important genes, C‐mos, cyclin B, GDF9 and BMP15, were studied as representative maternal transcripts by real‐time PCR and the PAT assay. 3′‐dA at concentrations above 1 µg/ml significantly prevented polyadenylation and caused aberrant expression of C‐mos and GDF9 during oocyte maturation. These results suggest that polyadenylation inhibitor blocked pig oocyte maturation in vitro by one or more of the following actions: (1) inactivation of MAPK and MPF in oocytes, especially at the late stages (MI and MII); (2) prevention of cumulus cell expansion through inactivation of cellular MAPK; and (3) inhibition of the maternal mRNA polyadenylation process, which in reverse, disrupted the maternal mRNA patterns in pig oocytes' maturation in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 881–889, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT This study examines the implications of support groups and their impact on the specific population of diabetics. An in-depth examination takes place of pre- and post-intervention levels of two variables in the subjects: pre- and post-glycosylated hemoglobin levels and pre- and post-social support questionnaire results. Subjects were studied over a 17 week period, and were involved in weekly meetings of a 1 1/2 hour support group for 10 weeks. The components of the meetings included gaining a sense of community to lessen the impact of isolation set up by this chronic illness, gaining personal insights into subjects' individual "stage" of adaptation to the disease, identification of feelings, discussion of potential complications, the potential impact of stress, exercise and positive self-talk on the blood glucose levels, coping strategies for dealing with multiple demands, and an opportunity to share with those who understand the impact of diabetes in subjects' individual lives. The intervention's...


Background: Due to the critical role of antibiotics and increasing trend of resistance in developing countries, comprehensive methods of antibiotic use is necessary to limit the threat of resistant microorganisms. In this study we compare antibiotics consumption by Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 100 bed-days in Shahid Ghazi hospitals during three months in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, which enrolled patients with malignancy who admitted to Shahid Ghazi hospital from January till March 2016. From all, 58 patients diagnosed with malignancy and received antibiotics for prophylaxis and/or treatment. For the purpose of Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) all antibiotics, antifungals and antiviruses consumption for any reason (prophylaxis, empiric therapy, targeted therapy) were recorded. Data on administered medications such as indication, duration, and dose were compared according to the guidelines of the NCCN 2.2016. The accuracy of antibiotics consumption was assessing by NCCN (2.2016) guideline. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code J01 was explained as defined daily doses per 100 bed- days (DDD/100) according to the ATC/DDD classification. The amount of consumption was assessed with DDD per 100 bed-days in three months.

Results: from 56 patients, 46 of them had hematologic malignancy and 10 of them had solid tumors. The indication of antibiotics and antifungal prophylaxis were wrong in 19.6% of indications. The prophylaxis dosage of antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral and PCP were wrong in 8.8%, 41.7%, 80% and 50%, respectively. The prophylaxis duration of antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral and PCP were wrong in 69.4%, 61.2%, 80% and 100% respectively. The dose adjustment of antibiotics with GFR and renal status of patients, in 8 of 9 patients (88.88%) who received meropenem, and in 9 of 23 patients (39.13%) who received imipenem, were not applicable according standard guidelines. The total consumption of systemic antibiotics in Ghazi Hospital during 3 months was 5091 (Table 7). From all patients 75% of them received antibiotics according to the ATC/DDD classification System.

Conclusion: Specific strategies should be employed in infection control development and engage rational antibiotic utilization in order to reduce future resistant strains and increase anti-microbial efficacy.


In this paper, a tesselated spatial structure model is proposed for unsupervised land-cover classification. The model can manage some fundamental problems such as existence of mixed pixels and class parameter estimation of finite mixture distribution in a systematic manner. Some areas in a Landsat TM image are checked if they fit in the model by their appearance and statistics. Based on the proposed model, spatial segmentation by pyramid linking and clustering by K-means are applied to the satellite image. The image is filtered by using spatial median operation of IDL in order to avoid the effect of mixed pixels on segment value. It is shown that the median filtering is effective not only for rural area classification but also for urban area classification.


To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Shenmai injection and Bena zepril on rats with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups:normal control(A) group,Shenmai treated(B)group,Benazepril treated(C)group,combination treated (D) g roup and model (E) group(n=6 respectively) The rat modelS of FSGS were cons tructed with a low dose of Adriamycin,Metaraminol and high lipid feed method T he group B,C and D were treated with Shenmai injection or Benazepril or Shenmai injection+Benazepril at the 29 th day The indexes of blood biochemical examin ation,output of 24 h urinary protein,volumes of blood flow in kidney tissue w ere measured The pathological changes of kidney were examined with optical and electron microscopes Results:(1)The output of 24 h urinary protein of each treatment group began to decrease at the 6 th week The serum cholesterol level of each treatment group was lower than that of model group at the 12 th week ( 2)The volume of blood flow in kidney tissue increased significantly in group D (3)Under the optical microscope,the glomerular sclerotic index decreased si gnificantly in group D,the glomerular extracelleular matrix/glomerular area decreased in eac h treatment group (4)Under the eletron microscope,there were no glomerular c apillary cavity obstruction,foot process fusion and inflammatory cell infiltrat ion in group D Conclusion:The combination of Shenmai with Benazepril may play an effective partin synergism treatment of FSGS


The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of ice breaking as an effort to increase the students' learning motivation. This research was conducted in the Science Education Study Program of STKIP PGRI Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. The sample in this study was 25 students in the third semester who took the mechanics course.The sample used in this study was taken using purposive sampling technique. This type of comparative research is used in this study. Data collection techniques used, questionnaires, observation sheets, and documentation. This type of research is comparative which is used to examine differences in student learning motivation before and after being treated. The results of the study were based on the Paired T Test shows value probability/ p Paired T test value of 0.000. This means that there are differences in student learning motivation after being given the ice breaking learning model. This ice breaking was implemented as an effort to reduce saturation and boredom of the students during the learning process. The new thing that is obtained is that the application of games can increase learning motivation


Traditional oversampling methods are generally employed to handle class imbalance in datasets. This oversampling approach is independent of the classifier; thus, it does not offer an end-to-end solution. To overcome this, we propose a three-player adversarial game-based end-to-end method, where a domain-constraints mixture of generators, a discriminator, and a multi-class classifier are used. Rather than adversarial minority oversampling, we propose an adversarial oversampling (AO) and a data-space oversampling (DO) approach. In AO, the generator updates by fooling both the classifier and discriminator, however, in DO, it updates by favoring the classifier and fooling the discriminator. While updating the classifier, it considers both the real and synthetically generated samples in AO. But, in DO, it favors the real samples and fools the subset class-specific generated samples. To mitigate the biases of a classifier towards the majority class, minority samples are over-sampled at a fractional rate. Such implementation is shown to provide more robust classification boundaries. The effectiveness of our proposed method has been validated with high-dimensional, highly imbalanced and large-scale multi-class tabular datasets. The results as measured by average class specific accuracy (ACSA) clearly indicate that the proposed method provides better classification accuracy (improvement in the range of 0.7% to 49.27%) as compared to the baseline classifier


Compact and electrically controllable on-chip sources of indistinguishable photons are desirable for the development of integrated quantum technologies. We demonstrate that two quantum dot light emitting diodes (LEDs) in close proximity on a single chip can function as a tunable, all-electric quantum light source. Light emitted by an electrically excited driving LED is used to excite quantum dots in the neighbouring diode. The wavelength of the quantum dot emission from the neighbouring driven diode is tuned via the quantum confined Stark effect. We also show that we can electrically tune the fine structure splitting.


The changes in the rheological properties of soybean curd upon the various storage temperatures () were measured by the stress-relaxation test and analysed by time-temperature superposition theory. As the storage temperature was lower, higher initial and equilibrium stress of soybean curd were observed. When the stress-relaxation curves were moved horizontally by using the shift-factor on the basis of reference temperature, the master curve was obtained. By applying master curve and shift-factor to the WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) equation, activation energy (30kcal/mol) was calculated and storage time at the specific temperature could be predicted, suggesting the equivalent shelf-life of soybean curd texture.


The computation of current density distribution within the gap structure of laser-controlled microstrip devices by using finite-difference methods is reported. The numerical results verify the analytical approximation commonly used for the calculation of equivalent photoconductance.


INTRODUCTION Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening, drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that includes skin eruption, hematologic abnormalities (eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis), lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement.1-3 DRESS initially was observed in patients treated with anticonvulsants in the early 1930s, when phenytoin first became available.4 Many clinical terms have been used to describe DRESS, including hypersensitivity syndrome and mononucleosis-like syndrome.2 In 1996, Bocquet et al.1 proposed the term DRESS "to decrease the ambiguity of the denomination of hypersensitivity syndrome" and to give a more accurate description of this clinical syndrome. The incidence of DRESS ranges from 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000 drug exposures.5Aromatic anticonvulsants (especially phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital) and sulfonamides (such as dapsone and sulfasalazine) are the most common causes of DRESS.1,6 This case report and review revisits the association between sulfasalazine and DRESS and reminds clinicians to consider this entity as part of a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating patients who experience unusual clinical manifestations after starting this culprit medication.


Evaluating the visible signature of operational platforms has long been a focus of military research. Human observations of targets in the field are perceived to be the most accurate way to assess a target's visible signature, although the results are limited to conditions observed in the field. Synthetic imagery could potentially enhance visible signature analysis by providing a wider range of target images in differing environmental conditions than is feasible to collect in field trials. In order for synthetic images to be effective, the virtual scenes need to replicate reality as much as possible. Simulating a maritime environment presents many difficult challenges in trying to replicate the lighting effects of the oceanic scenes precisely in a virtual setting. Using the colour checker charts widely used in photography we present a detailed methodology on how to create a virtual colour checker chart in synthetic scenes developed in the commercially available Autodesk Maya software. Our initial investigation shows a significant difference between the theoretical sRGB values calculated under the CIE D65 illuminant and those simulated in Autodesk Maya under the same illuminant. These differences are somewhat expected, and must be accounted for in order for synthetic scenes to be useful in visible signature analysis. The sRGB values measured from a digital photograph taken at a field trial also differed, but this is expected due to possible variations in lighting conditions between the synthetic and real images, the camera's sRGB output and the spatial resolution of the camera which is currently not modelled in the synthetic scenes.


Innovative teaching and learning is increasingly becoming part of medical education. We report the evaluation of a medical microbiology board game, Med Micro Fun With Facts (MMFWF), based on Trivial Pursuit™ principles. The game was developed to stimulate medical students' interest in microbiology and expose students to the subject content of an Infections module in an informal, yet healthy competitive way, involving active group dynamics. Members of staff in the medical curriculum participated in direct observation of the play process. The nominal group technique was used to identify their perception of the game as a learning tool. The game itself and the process of student play generated positive feedback from academic members of staff. Measured against the criteria of diffusion of innovation theory, the game fulfils criteria for an innovation to be accepted. Used as supplementary to formal lectures, MMFWF has the potential to enhance students' learning experiences in medical microbiology.


Using a limited-area P-σ incorporated coordinate five-level primitive equation model fed with theECMWF 5°×5°grid data,a simulation is made of a large-scale cold surge of late December 1982.Resultsshow that the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has no profound thermal but dynamic effect on the East-Asian wintermonsoon that forces cold air to go southwards by its east side,exciting Kelvin waves behind the cold frontto result in the maximum NE wind.Besides,gravitational waves independent of the Plateau occur aheadof the front advancing towards the south.They may be due to the excitation involved in the front itself.The cold surge is propagated under the Hadley cell,making it strengthened and moved southwards.


The era of the eponymous syndrome is well-high past. Nevertheless a report earlier this year in a new journal, Blood Pressure, of a patient with persistent hypotension caused by a renal medullary tumour should be recognised as the first case of Muirhead's syndrome.' 2 For 40 years Eric Muirhead, working in Memphis, Tennessee, has carried out a remarkable series of experiments demonstrating that the interstitial cells of the renal medulla secrete a remarkably potent non-prostanoid vasodepressor lipid.' Originally Muirhead was inspired by Grollman's observation that hypertension associated with bilateral nephrectomy could not be explained solely by sodium and water retention. Thus blood pressure did not become raised in the presence of a single kidney rendered non-excretory by diversion of the ureter into the vena cava.' Subsequently he was able to show that transplanted renal medullary cells lowered blood pressure in Goldblatt hypertension and that lipid granules within these cells were discharged when blood pressure was lowered by renal artery deconstriction.5 In tissue culture these cells secreted both prostanoid and non-prostanoid lipids.6 One of these was a neutral lipid (subsequently termed medullipin I) that was activated by a cytochrome P-450 dependent mono-oxygenase system in the liver to the active compound medullipin II.7 Medullipin II reduces peripheral resistance and blood pressure probably by decreasing sympathetic tone.8 The release of medullipin II is critically dependent on renal perfusion pressure. Folkow and his colleagues in Gothenburg showed that perfusion of an isolated kidney at high pressure resulted in the release of a substance (now believed to be medullipin I) that profoundly lowered the blood pressure of a recipient rat.9 The one pathophysiological situation so far in which the renomedullary medullipin system seems to play a major part is the major fall in blood pressure that occurs in Goldblatt hypertension within a few hours of renal artery deconstriction.'0 None of the classic regulatory systems can explain this fall which is not influenced by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, prostaglandin, kallikrein-kinin, or opioid systems.'01' Further the fall is much too rapid to be explained by reversal of trophic changes in the resistance vessels. In an exhaustive search for means of inhibiting this fall in blood pressure the only manoeuvre which we found to be effective was chemical removal of the renal medulla.'01' "Chemical medullectomy" induced by the selective toxic agent bromethylamine hydrobromide produced a moderate increase in blood pressure in rats'2 but substantially reduced the fall in blood pressure observed when renal artery constriction is relieved.'0" Unfortunately, the chemical structure of medullipin is still unknown and this has undoubtedly held back progress. Had the lipid been a peptide the world would have beaten a path to Muirhead's door and no doubt would now be treating patients with medullipin and its agonists. Remarkably medullipin seems to be active when given by mouth."3 The other factor that has limited interest in the medullipin system is the lack of evidence of clinical relevance. This has been resolved by a recent case report.' A woman of 46 underwent chronic dialysis treatment for renal failure caused by nephrolithiasis for which she had had a left nephrectomy 19 years before. Though during the course of her renal disease she had been hypertensive she later became progressively hypotensive with blood pressures ranging from 39/27 mm Hg to 71/39 mm Hg. There was no postural element to her hypotension and it could not be attributed to either fluid depletion or cardiac disease. Her venous plasma induced substantial blood pressure lowering when injected into spontaneously hypertensive rats. The animals' response pharmacologically resembled that observed with injections of medullipin. This case report is suggestive, but a follow up report, also published in Blood Pressure this month, is even more persuasive.2 The patient died of peritoneal infection and at necropsy a small renal medullary tumour was found consisting of renal interstitial cells and adipocytes. Extraction yielded high concentrations of medullipin I. Medullipin I could not be identified in renal tissue outside the mass. Muirhead et al conclude that the patient had a lipomedullipinoma and that this had produced her hypotension. The clinical implications of this observation in the diagnosis of patients with histories of short-lived hypotension are self-evident. Unfortunately imaging these relatively inaccessible tumours may be difficult and diagnosis will have to be based upon a fairly crude bioassay until the structure of medullipin is identified. We have little idea of the physiological role of the renomedullary vasodepressor system apart from its involvement in the fall in blood pressure that occurs when renal blood flow is restored after renal artery constriction.5 "I" Chemical medullectomy inhibits the blood pressure fall induced by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors'4 '5: on these and other grounds it has been suggested that pharmacological inhibition of angiotensin II formation stimulates the system, which may therefore play an important part in antihypertensive drug treatment.'415 We know nothing of the medullipin receptors or even indeed the tissue in which they are situated, though the brainstem seems to be a prime candidate. It is even more surprising that the pharmaceutical industry has taken so little interest in medullipin. The existence of a physiological compound that is active when given by mouth and which lowers blood pressure largely if not entirely by a novel mechanism raises possibilities which are in urgent need of exploration. J D SWALES Department ofMedicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX


Each year surveys tell us that doctors are the most trusted UK professionals, well above journalists and politicians. Trust can be quick or slow to grow, conditional, and tentative. But trust is best when it's experiential, laid down in aliquots of conversation, gesture, and thinking silence, and built up through repeated contact over time.

A trusting relationship doesn't mean perfection. Rather, trust should encompass the truth that all human action is liable to error. This means acknowledging human flaws; how we react to error and try to prevent it are indicators of whether trust is deserved.

Many doctors have recently discussed the desire of patients and their carers or families to record conversations with them, either …


Magnetoresistance measurements have been used to study the magnetic properties of Permalloy films. Resistivities parallel and transverse to the current were measured simultaneously as the applied magnetic field was varied in magnitude or direction in the film plane. The results are discussed in terms of a representation in which the resistivity components are regarded as Cartesian coordinates. This representation is independent of the current direction relative to any magnetically preferred orientations in the film. The statistical, domain-wall, switching model of Conger and Essig is extended to include the situation in which the field and easy magnetic axis are not parallel, and a switching profile is constructed which gives a unified representation of the domain wall and coherent rotational switching response of a uniaxial film to an applied field. The incidence of moving domain walls under certain field conditions is discussed with the help of this profile, and it is shown that the magnetoresistance cu...


In the era of user-oriented mobile Internet,new competitiveness connotation and extension are required by telecom operators.Based on this situation,the formative factors of telecom operators competitiveness was summarized from the perspective of competitiveness improvement,the idea of "convergence development as the core competitiveness of telecom operators in the mobile Internet era" was proposed,the concept of Operation as a Service(OaaS) was applied to build a new mobile Internet value chain model,and furthermore a competitiveness improvement approach for telecom operators under the new situation was put forward.


Asynchronous on-line discussion boards (AODBs) have become a standard pedagogical tool, and the use of learning outcomes has become normalised in much of higher education, yet little is known about using AODBs to assess learning outcomes. Hence, this article aims to assess the degree to which students demonstrate learning outcomes attainment through participation in an AODB. The research method implemented is built around a particular AODB instrument designed to teach and assess cross-disciplinary learning outcomes. Using a sample group of 30 computing students studying at a public university in the United Arab Emirates, this article demonstrates that a well-designed and structured AODB can be used to teach and assess important cross-disciplinary learning outcomes, and that discussions can be assessed in an efficient manner. By examining both student group and learning outcome scores, results indicate that students showed improvement in learning outcomes attainment across a semester. Given the recent growth in on-line learning, this study supports the need for more research into the use of AODBs as a method to teach and assess learning outcomes.


A grating interferometer may be applied to measure the distance of equipment moving. However, some characteristics and process techniques of grating interferometer restrict the measurement precision to get improved. Based on an overall review of model and a method of subdivision and thorough analysis of the factors influencing measurement precision, this paper proposes an approach to improve measurement precision: 160 subdivision of MCS51 single chip micro computer. With the application to grating interferometer, this approach is proved to be more feasible and reliable by table-checking.


To confirm the performance of turbidity analysis (TA) of petroleum in soil samples, comparison tests were organized between two countries. For this purpose, two TA procedures were checked; one is in batch–wise operation and the other by a method using a commercially available test kit. To evaluate the performance, the petroleum spiked in the soil samples was determined also by GC–FID, which were provided for the TA detection in the two procedures. The results support that TA quickly detects the petroleum extracted with lower alcohols in easy operation and with good recoveries equal to those given by GC–FID.


Non-small-cell lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignancy in the United States [1]. The TNM (T = primary tumor, N = regional lymph nodes, M = distant metastasis) staging system for this type of cancer subdivides patients into anatomic groups. This system is central to determining treatment options and prognosis and to comparing survival among therapeutic trials [1]. In the absence of distant metastasis, mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer is a critical issue. Almost half of patients with this type of cancer present with metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes, a characteristic that is the major obstacle to cure. Ipsilateral mediastinal and subcarinal lymph nodes are designated as N2 nodes, and contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes are considered N3 nodes. Patients with T1 (<3 cm) or T2 (>3 cm) non-small-cell lung cancer and N2 metastasis (stage IIIA) are potential candidates for surgery. Surgical resection is generally not curative, however, and most patients with N2 disease receive multimodality treatment (for example, surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) [1]. Optimal treatment for N3 disease (stage IIIB) is combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy [1]. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 30% in patients with stage N2 disease documented at surgical resection and approximately 5% in patients with N3 disease determined on radiography [2]. Thus, distinguishing between N2 and N3 disease in non-small-cell lung cancer has major implications for both treatment and prognosis. To evaluate the mediastinal lymph nodes, computed tomography of the thorax with intravenous contrast scanning should be done in patients suspected of having lung cancer [1]. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography for detecting N2 or N3 metastasis in lung cancer are both 60% to 70% [3, 4]. In non-small-cell lung cancer, the risk for metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes increases with lymph node size. However, normal-sized lymph nodes can harbor cancer and, conversely, one study showed that 37% of mediastinal lymph nodes with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm were benign [4]. The sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting N2 or N3 metastasis in lung cancer are similar to those of computed tomography [5, 6]. In this issue, Gress and colleagues [7] report on the ability of esophageal endoscopic ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided by endoscopic ultrasonography, and computed tomography to detect metastasis to posterior mediastinal lymph nodes in 52 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on computed tomography. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography were 64% (14 of 22 patients) and 35% (8 of 23 patients), respectively. In contrast, the respective sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic ultrasonography were 86% (19 of 22 patients) and 83% (19 of 23 patients); these values improved to 93% (14 of 15 patients) and 100% (9 of 9 patients) with the addition of guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. These findings are similar to those reported by Giovannini and colleagues [8] and Silvestri and associates [9] (sensitivities of 81% and 89%, respectively, and specificities of 100% each) for ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy of posterior mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer. Endoscopic ultrasonography can locate masses and lymph nodes adjacent to the esophagus, and ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy can provide cytologic diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions [8, 10]. The latter technique can sample posterior mediastinal lymph nodes but not lymph nodes that are lateral and anterior to the trachea [7-9]. Although these results are promising, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy reported by Gress and colleagues may be spuriously inflated. Thirty-one patients had thoracotomy with lung resection and dissection of ipsilateral and subcarinal lymph nodes (N2). At the same time, 11 of these patients did not have aspiration biopsy of the subcarinal or N3 lymph nodes because the nodes appeared normal by endoscopic ultrasonography, and 10 patients had negative results on ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy of enlarged subcarinal or N3 lymph nodes. Because the N3 lymph nodes were never surgically sampled, we are uncomfortable assuming that all of them were negative for cancer. The authors' data show false-positive rates of 10% for ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy and 16% for endoscopic ultrasonography alone. Given the limitations of the anatomic criteria used with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the interest in alternative noninvasive methods for staging the mediastinum in lung cancer has been growing. Positron emission tomography, which exploits the increased uptake of glucose by malignant cells, has been used to stage the mediastinum in non-small-cell lung cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were 78% to 100% and 52% to 81%, respectively [11, 12]. Dextran-coated iron oxide particles, which are phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial system, have been used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging to increase detection of lymph node metastasis. The initial experience in patients with head and neck cancer was encouraging (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 84%) [13]. It seems unlikely, however, that these methods will be able to reliably detect micrometastasis in normal-sized mediastinal lymph nodes. Definitive staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer still requires obtaining a histologic or cytologic specimen. The mediastinal lymph nodes can be surgically staged by using mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy, thoracoscopy, or thoracotomy. For lung cancer, mediastinoscopy has a sensitivity of 70% to 95% and a specificity of 100% [14, 15]. Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy can be sampled by computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle aspiration, although this technique is generally not used in lymph nodes less than 2 cm in diameter. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy can sample hilar, anterior, and posterior mediastinal lymph nodes. The sensitivity and specificity of transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes for lung cancer are 80% to 90% and 100%, respectively [16, 17]. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy is also now available. However, endobronchial ultrasonography, which is not done in real time, did not increase the diagnostic yield of transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy with onsite cytologic evaluation. Integrating an ultrasonographic transducer in a flexible bronchoscope, which would make real-time endobronchial ultrasonography possible during transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy, may improve the sensitivity of this method [17]. Endobronchial ultrasonography has not yet been widely adopted. Transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy of an enlarged subcarinal lymph node using real-time computed tomographic fluoroscopy has been reported, but the effect of this technology is unknown [18]. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy can safely and effectively evaluate both benign and malignant mediastinal disease. As promising as it may seem, however, its role in clinical practice has not yet been fully defined [7-9]. Should this method replace computed tomography for evaluating posterior mediastinal lymph nodes in patients suspected of having lung cancer? Not quite yet, in our view; a clinical trial that directly compares the diagnostic yield, cost, and safety of computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, bronchoscopic transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy, and mediastinoscopy or mediastinotomy is required at this point. We suspect that endoscopic ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy may prove to be technically easier than transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for some lymph nodes on the left side but not for nodes on the right side. However, this idea also needs to be studied in a clinical trial. As an alternative, patients with lung cancer may be scheduled for combined ultrasonography-guided aspiration biopsy and bronchoscopic transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis or staging of mediastinal lymph nodes. The cost of these two procedures will need to be compared with that of mediastinoscopy or comparable surgical procedures. In 1997, tissue remains the issue (however we obtain it) for patients with lung cancer and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy seems to improve the ability to stage posterior mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small-cell lung cancer, but it is only one of many rapidly emerging techniques that are transforming our ability to sample that tissue safely and effectively.


This article focuses on the Italian community in Malawi, one of the smallest immigrant minority groups in Central Africa, but by no means the least important. Using the records of the Custodian of Enemy Property housed in the National Archives of Malawi, it suggests that, in the light of the Italian experience, there is need to modify the conventional view of the white farming sector as being uniformly inefficient and incapable of survival other than through the active support of the colonial state. At a time between the wars when capitalist farming as a whole was in deep depression, Ignaco Conforzi succeeded for reasons largely unconnected with the intervention of the state, in creating a highly profitable, diversified agricultural empire which survived the Second World War virtually intact. Through his influence, an Italian community was created, linked to Conforzi by a variety of economic and family ties and drawn largely from the same small area of central Italy from which he himself had come. Like members of other ethnic groups, these immigrants were constantly balancing their multiple identities – as whites, as farmers or mechanics, as Italians or as natives of a particular district in Italy. Between the mid-1930s and the mid-1940s external and internal forces combined to transform them into a classic minority, 'singled out…for differential and unequal treatment' but from the late 1940s onwards those who were regarded by the colonial authorities as conforming to European standards were reabsorbed within the wider settler community. Overall, however, they tended to be more skilled and, crucially, less heavily reliant on the state than were British settlers and it is these factors that explain their relative success.


Binocular head-mounted displays (HMD) utilizing augmented reality (AR) strategies can greatly increase the information that reaches the visual system of the user. For example, binocular presentation allows for elements to appear in stereoscopic depth and with a higher perceived resolution and AR can improve the quality of a low visibility scene. But with two independent optical channels, a binocular HMD can easily become misaligned, which can potentially be detrimental to both performance and comfort (Gavrilescu et al., 2019; SPIE DCS). Here, we quantify the effect that global binocular misalignment in an HMD has on both operational and visual performance during a simulated flying task. Using a platform consisting of 3 85-inch displays providing out-the-window imagery and head-tracked AR overlay (e.g., DAS) within the HMD (Posselt et al., 2021; SPIE DCS), subjects were instructed to adhere to flight commands while periodically discriminating the orientation of a target aircraft. In different blocks the two optics of the HMD were either well-aligned, misaligned vertically by 0.67°, or rolled in opposite directions by 4°. In the well-aligned condition, subjects could discriminate the orientation of the target plane on average nearly 1000 ft farther than in either of the misaligned conditions. Curiously, adherence to the flight commands was affected only by the vertical misalignment, which may represent a strategy of selectively ignoring grossly misaligned imagery in one eye. These results obviate the need to quantify and maintain well-aligned visual channels in binocular HMDs that utilize AR imagery.


O ver-the-counter eye and nose drops (Visine®, Afrin®) contain imidazoline-derived sympathomimetic agents. When applied to the ocular or nasal mucosa these agents result in local alpha-adrenergicmediated vasoconstriction, making them useful in the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, and ocular irritation. We present a 2-year-old child who developed significant central nervous system (CNS) depression following the ingestion of 2 to 3 mL of Visine eye drops. The toxicity and treatment of the imidazoline-derived sympathomimetic agents is reviewed.


The paper focuses on concepts and words referring to odors and to objects that have an odor. We argue that odors are an interesting object of study since they are evanescent, and since odor words do not refer to concrete and manipulable objects, but to scents evoked by objects. A second reason why odors are interesting is that some languages, as the Western ones, lack a specific odor lexicon, comparable in richness and variety to the color lexicon, and that performance on odors naming is typically worse than performance in color naming. In this work we discuss three main issues. First, we illustrate literature showing that, even if odor words do not have concrete referents, many languages encode them quite easily: the case of odors suggests that word meaning cannot be exhausted by the relationship with a referent, and highlights the importance of the social sharing of meaning. Second, we have discussed the peculiar status of odor concepts and words. Given their ambiguous status, their simple existence poses problems both to theories according to which concrete and abstract concepts do not differ, and to theories according to which they represent a dichotomy. Finally, we present an experiment in which we show that names of objects evoke their smell, and that these smells evoke approach and avoidance movements, in line with theories according to which words are grounded in both sensorial and motor systems.


Background: The association between oral nutritional supplement use and nutritional parameters among patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD-ND) with or at high risk of undernutrition/protein-energy wasting has not been previously studied. The definition of patient subgroups most likely to benefit from oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) is also an area where more research is needed. Objective: To assess nutritional parameter trajectories among patients with CKD-ND prescribed oral nutritional supplements in British Columbia, and to compare trajectories by nutritional phenotype. Design: Longitudinal cohort study, pre-post design. Setting: Multidisciplinary CKD clinics across British Columbia. Patients: A total of 3957 adult patients with CKD-ND, who entered multidisciplinary CKD clinics during 2010 to 2019, met criteria for oral nutritional supplement prescription based on dietitian assessment, and received ≥1 oral nutritional supplement prescription. Measurements: Longitudinal nutritional parameters, including body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, serum bicarbonate, serum phosphate, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods: Using linear mixed models, slopes for nutritional and inflammation parameters were assessed in the 2-year periods before and after the first oral nutritional supplement prescription. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to identify nutritional phenotypes using baseline data, and slope analysis was repeated by cluster. Results: In the pre-oral-nutritional-supplement period, declines in BMI (−0.87 kg/m2/year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.99 to −0.75), albumin (−1.11 g/L/year, 95% CI: −1.27 to −0.95), and bicarbonate (−0.49 mmol/L/year; 95% CI: −0.59 to −0.39), and increases in NLR (+0.79/year; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.98) and phosphate (+0.05 mmol/L/year; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.06) were observed. Following oral nutritional supplement prescription, there were statistically significant increases in BMI slope (+0.91 kg/m2/year, P < .0001), albumin slope (+0.82 g/L/year, P < .0001), and phosphate slope (+0.02 mmol/L/year, P = .005), as well as a decline in NLR slope of −0.55/year (P < .0001). There was no significant change in bicarbonate slope. Cluster analysis identified 5 distinct phenotypes. The cluster with the highest mean baseline NLR and lowest mean BMI demonstrated the greatest number of improvements in nutritional parameter slopes in the post-oral-nutritional-supplement period. Limitations: Possibility of residual confounding. Data on dietary intake, muscle mass, and nutritional scoring systems were not available in the registry. Conclusions: Among patients with CKD-ND prescribed oral nutritional supplements, there were improvements in nutrition/inflammation parameters over time following the first ONS prescription. The heterogeneity in response to ONS by cluster subgroup suggests an individualized approach to nutritional management may be beneficial.


The present work is an extension of a similar list in Carpenter (1983), and arose from preparatory work for a phylogenetic analysis of nearctic potter wasp genera (Carpenter and Cumming, 1985). The most recent available world list of genera is over 80 years old (Dalla Torre, 1904), and fully 57% of the genus-group names currently used in the Eumeninae have been proposed since Bluethgen (1938; for more detail on the history of eumenine taxonomy see Carpenter and Cumming, 1985). The following checklist includes all the currently recognized genera of Eumeninae sensu Carpenter (1981), with their synonyms and subgenera. The arrangement is alphabetical based upon most recent usage, and incorporates the decisions pertaining to eumenine generic nomenclature rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) in Opinions 747 (1965), 893 (1970) and 1363 (1985). The format is basically that of Krombein et al. (1979). The original citations are followed by the type species designation. Synonyms, and subgenera with their citations and synonyms, are listed after this; the nominotypical subgenera are not listed separately. Where two dates are listed, the first is the true date of publication, whereas the date listed in parentheses is that printed on the paper. A misspelling is indicated by (!), and quotation marks are used for incorrect names. No effort has been made to list all misspellings; only those occurring in works considered important. Nomenclatural changes derive from ongoing work on a catalog of neotropical eumeninae (with J. van der Vecht) and a generic reclassification of this group" Neodiscoelius Stange is a junior objective synonym of Protodiscoelius Dalla Torre (new synonymy); Cephalastor Soika is raised to genus (new status), and its type species, Hypalastoroides depressus Soika, synonymized with Odynerus relativus Fox. In addition, type species are designated for


In the UK, an estimated 101 200 people are living with HIV, 13% of whom are unaware of their infection [1]. The first national guidelines for HIV testing published in 2008 recommended the universal offer of an HIV test in health care services for persons diagnosed with hepatitis B and C [2]. The latest National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) testing guidelines (released in December 2016) continue to recommend offering HIV tests to people with HIV indicator conditions, which include hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and in services treating people for hepatitis B and hepatitis C [3]. Using the Sentinel Surveillance of Blood Borne Virus Testing (SSBBV), linked to the national HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS), we investigated the extent to which the guidelines are being followed. HIV testing information was extracted from the SSBBV for all adults (≥ 15 years old) with a first positive test between 2010 and 2014 for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, indicative of being ever infected, or for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen. Persons tested within the SSBBV were matched, using deterministic and probabilistic methodologies, to the HARS, and persons identified as diagnosed with HIV infection prior to their hepatitis diagnosis were excluded. Persons testing HBV positive in antenatal services were also excluded, as women are routinely tested for HIV and HBV as part of the antenatal screening programme. Among persons who tested positive for HCV (32 114), 38.7% (12 429) were tested for HIV on the same day as their HCV test, 6.7% (2158) were tested in the following 6 months, and 54.6% (17 527) had no record of an HIV test during the 6-month period following their positive HCV test (Table 1). Among persons who tested positive for HBV (16 086), the corresponding figures were 34.8% (5593), 10.7% (1722) and 54.5% (8771). In persons who were HCV positive, HIV testing was less likely in older persons [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per 10year increase 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86– 0.90] and in persons diagnosed in primary care (aOR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.6–0.7) when compared with secondary care. In persons who were HBV positive, HIV testing was less likely in older persons (aOR per 10-year increase 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92–0.97), but more likely in men (aOR: 1.2;


Model of intermittent near wake from a row of parallel cylinders is constructing. The aim of the investigation includes besides neutral wakes modelling the interpretation and "physical modelling" of the glow-discharge switching effect on a cylinders wake discovered by us earlier. The form of this reduced-order model of multiple wake is nonlinear-interacting von Karman streets each resulting from one cylinder of the row and each represented by one-dimensional oscillator. Here the correlation between known Landau-Stuart, Van der Pole wake models and ours is considered. Various global modes of such multiple wake are discovered within the framework of the model. Among them a two-frequency asymmetric global mode of the wake was discovered in accordance with well-known observations for relatively close cylinders arrangements. For each global mode an analytical approximation or exact expression for the wake configuration is presented that may be useful in further analysis. Matching of these approximations with the results of numerical computing within the framework of the model is considered.


Objective
To establish a novel method by integrating immunomagnetic bead enrichment with immunochromatography for the detection of influenza A virus.

Methods
The immunomagnetic beads were prepared by using EDC/NHS method and then coupled with monoclonal antibodies against influenza A virus. A direct immunomagnetic beads-based immunochromatography for the detection of influenza A virus was developed by using double-antibody sandwich method and immunochromatography, which was further combined with immunomagnetic separation to establish the novel integrated method of immunomagnectic bead enrichment and immunochromatography. Clinical throat swab samples collected from patients with influenza A virus infection and healthy subjects were analyzed by the novel method and the results were compared with those by using the conventional colloidal gold immunochromatography to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity and positive coincidence rate of this established method.

Results
The direct immunomagnetic beads-based immunochromatography and the colloidal gold immunochromatography showed no significant differences in specificity and sensitivity and could be used to identify influenza A virus-positive samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values less than or equal to 22 obtained by real-time PCR assay. The integrated method could identify positive samples with Ct values less than or equal to 28, indicating that the novel method was more sensitive.

Conclusion
The novel method by integrating immunomagnetic bead enrichment with immunochromatography was successfully established and suitable for the rapid and on-site detection of influenza A virus.

Key words:
Influenza A virus; Immunomagnetic beads; Immunochromatography; Rapid detection


Fothergill, M., Collins, R. P. (2003). COST 852: Quality legume-based systems for contrasting environments. Proceedings of the 7th British Grassland Society (BGS) Research Conference, Aberystwyth, 1-3 September 2003, BGS Organising Committee, pp. 37-38.


The integration of satellite and terrestrial radionavigation systems has been a back bone of the Radionavigation Plan of the Commonwealth of Independent States since the beginning of the 1990s and this approach has been supported by the Russian Federation at international meetings of all levels.


Decreasing medical errors has been a major cornerstone in the drive to improve the quality of healthcare. An Institute of Medicine report 1 and The Leapfrog Group 2 have both identified computer physician order entry as one way to decrease medication errors. However, this process reduces possible errors at the point of order generation and does not necessarily guarantee accuracy and validity at delivery. One of the new technologies to reduce delivery errors in healthcare is radio frequency identification (RFID). It has long been a benefit to the retail industry, from tracking items along the supply chain to protecting inventory in stores. This article will review the technology and discuss its current and potential uses, enabling the reader to decide whether RFID is ready for deployment.


Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) are repetitive eruptions of particles and energy which occur in many high confinement mode plasmas. In present devices the power loads delivered to the divertor during an ELM do not pose a serious problem. However, extrapolations to the ITER tokamak suggest that divertor lifetimes maybe reduced below acceptable levels. The application of Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) to the plasma has successfully demonstrated ELM mitigation and suppression, under a number of operating scenarios. However, the physical mechanism by which mitigation and suppression is achieved is still not well understood. Furthermore many questions remain concerning the threshold perturbation strength and perturbation spectrum required.
Models and theory initially developed for error field analysis are increasingly being used, and developed, to explain the plasma response to RMPs. The BOUT++ code is tested against a selection of linear layer problems. This is the first step in applying the code to model the self consistent plasma response to RMPs. The code is demonstrated to be consistent with theory in all cases modeled. In addition for the first time the importance of radial grid packing is considered in obtaining accurate simulations to RMP experiments.
A novel multi-surface model is developed, and a single and two surface model is applied to the neighborhood of the radial location at which the perpendicular electron rotation is zero. Bifurcation windows are produced which are in qualitative agreement with ELM suppression q95 windows. Bifurcation locusts are also shown to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental spectrum results of M. E. Fenstermacher et at, Nucl Fusion 48:122001, 2008


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The cover picture shows the one-dimensional polymeric iron(II) spin crossover material, Fe(NCX)2(cddt)·n(guest) (X = S or Se) containing the ligand 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dipyrid-2-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine. The thiocyanate analogue undergoes a "half" spin crossover, illustrated at the bottom, where at low temperatures there are alternating, crystallographically distinct, high spin (yellow) and low spin (red) iron(II) centres (as can be seen in the structural diagram). The selenocyanate material undergoes a full spin crossover illustrated at the base of the image. Further characterisation of the thiocyanate material has been carried out by powder X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation; a representative image is shown in the background of the picture. Details are discussed in the article by K. S. Murray et al. on p. 1073 ff.


Solar thermal power plants are an emerging technology that provides clean electricity for the growing energy market. To this group of solar thermal systems belongs also the solar tower where a field of two-axis tracking heliostats reflects the solar radiation to the receiver aperture, where concentration ratios up to 1000 are reached. This offers the potential to provide higher steam temperatures to the power cycle or ultimately even high temperature heat to the gas turbine system of a combined cycle power plant.
One major option for the accelerated market introduction of solar thermal power technology are solar-fossil hybrid power plants. Their advantage, compared to solar-only systems, lies in low additional investment costs due to an adaptable solar share and reduced technical and economical risks.
In this paper a simulation model for the calculation of a hybrid power plant is described. Also the design and performance assessment of solar hybrid tower plants in the power levels of 1-2 MW, is presented. An advanced software tool library is developed for the modelling of such small hybrid power plants. Some first validation and simulation results for parts of a small solar tower power plant are described and discussed.


Predecessor's studies indicated that fine stratigraphic division degree was low in Hetaoyuan Formation in the northern area of Weigang Oilfield and result of substratum division was not consistent.In consideration of situation and the problems existed there,the theoretical guidance of sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology,etc,in combination with geologic,well logging,and seismic technologies,a fine substratum division of E2 h2 3 is carried out and compared in the studied area,E2 h2 3 is divided into 10substrata,where in E2 h2-2 3,E2 h2-5 3,E2 h2-7 3 and E2 h2-10 3 sandbodies are developed,which are dominated reservoirs and oil producing zones.


To reap the rewards of government incentives in full, practices must fulfill all meaningful use requirements — and potentially survive an audit.


Photoinduced charge-separation and -recombination processes in two series of oligo(thienyleneethynyl)–fullerene dyads (abbreviated as nTE–C60), in which the nTE moiety has a linear (nαTE) or zigzag...


This study aims to investigate the status quo of self‐career planning of nurses working in operating rooms (OR) and analyse the influencing factors.


Fall risks present in living environment are the leading cause of mortality in older adults. Falling on the floor may cause great harm to older people living alone, which in many cases goes unnoticed for several days until the symptoms become severe. Limited number of trained professionals to assess a house for fall risks and higher costs make the prevention of fall risks inaccessible to many necessitous patients. Removing these potential risk factors can provide older adults a safer living condition for their daily activities. This paper presents the design of a robot control system for in-home environment screening. This system is designed to be capable of supporting both manual and autonomous fall-risk assessment. The developed system allows a teleoperator to assess a house remotely along with capabilities to measure distance between 2 objects, assessing lighting conditions, and interacting with the patient using telepresence.


abstract— The biologic compatibility of a methyl methacrylate composite material (Polycap®), a conventional methyl methacrylate resin (Sevriton®), and a composite material based on Bowen's resin (Concise®) was assessed in in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (monkey teeth) tests. Freshly prepared Polycap caused some cell damage in the in vitro tests. Its toxicity was, however, markedly reduced after setting. In experiments with a cell-material contact of 24 h, the toxicity of Polycap was, regardless of setting time, less than the toxicity of Sevriton and Concise. In the in vivo experiments, Sevriton had caused a severe pulp reaction in 5 out of 10 teeth after 80 d. Concise had caused a severe reaction in 2 out of 10 teeth, while in 20 teeth filled with Polycap, a slight reaction was observed in 15 and a moderate reaction in five teeth. After 90 d observation, repair had occurred in most teeth filled with Polycap, indicating that the reaction caused by the material in young healthy pulps is reversible. Thus it is recommended that Polycap is used together with a base.


We show that by considering only the deviation from equilibrium, significant computational savings can be obtained in Monte Carlo evaluations of the Boltzmann collision integral for flow problems in the small Mach number (Ma) limit. The benefits of this variance reduction approach include a significantly reduced statistical uncertainty when the deviation from equilibrium is small, and a flow-velocity signal-to-noise ratio that remains approximately constant with Ma in the Ma⪡1 limit. This results in stochastic Boltzmann solution methods whose computational cost for a given signal-to-noise ratio is essentially independent of Ma for Ma⪡1; our numerical implementation demonstrates this for Mach numbers as low as 10−5. These features are in sharp contrast to current particle-based simulation techniques in which statistical sampling leads to computational cost that is proportional to Ma−2, making calculations at small Ma very expensive.


The invention provides a display device with a quantum dot diaphragm. The display device with the quantum dot diaphragm comprises a display panel, a backlight module (2) located below the display panel, the quantum dot diaphragm (3) located between the display panel and the backlight module (2), and a plurality of light reflecting units (41) arranged between the quantum dot diaphragm (3) and the display panel. The quantum dot diaphragm (3) emits exciting light under excitation of the backlight module (2). A black matrix is arranged in a liquid crystal panel. The light reflecting units (4) correspond to the black matrix. The display device with the quantum dot diaphragm is wide in color gamut range, good in image quality and high in quantum dot excitation efficiency and backlight utilizing efficiency.


First-principles calculations have been used to comparatively investigate electronic and magnetic properties of Zn-doped AlN and GaN. A total magnetic moment of 1.0 μB induced by Zn is found in AlN, but not in GaN. Analyses show that the origin of spontaneous polarization not only depend on the localized atomic orbitals of N and sufficient hole concentration, but also the relative intensity of the covalency of matrix. The relatively stronger covalent character of GaN with respect to AlN impedes forming local magnetic moment in GaN matrix. Our study offers a fresh sight of spontaneous spin polarization in d0 magnetism. The much stronger ferromagnetic coupling in c-plane of AlN means that it is feasible to realize long-range ferromagnetic order via monolayer delta-doping. This can apply to other wide band-gap semiconductors in wurtzite structure.


We report measurements of the longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation times of holes in an ensemble of self-assembled InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots (QDs), emitting in the telecom spectral range. The spin coherence of a single carrier is determined using spin mode-locking in the inhomogeneous ensemble of QDs. Modeling the signal allows us to extract the hole spin coherence time to be in the range of T$_2 = 0.02-0.4$ $\mu$s. The longitudinal spin relaxation time T$_1 = 0.5$ $\mu$s is measured using the spin inertia method.


In this article we set out the importance of collaborative working to support safe maternity care provision that responds to childbearing women's and families' needs and preferences. Opportunities for building relationships, trust and developing your own practice are discussed from a midwife's and obstetrician's perspectives. Creating meaningful connections, learning together and sharing ideas can help us to enhance maternity services for all.


Due to increase in the population and modernization every year there is exponential growth in the power demand followed by lack of adequate amount of power generation and out dated electrical infrastructure makes weak distribution network to handle the increased power demand. This leads to poor voltage throughout the network, more power loss, load shedding, failure of protection scheme and other power quality related issues. In this paper, optimal placement of DTC with UPFC is carried out to improve the overall efficiency of the network. The analysis is carried out on twenty four bus system using MiPower software. The obtained results are satisfactory in terms of power loss minimization and improvement of the voltage stability.


6516^ Background: Based on the activity of ofatumumab and lenalidomide as monotherapy, we evaluated efficacy and tolerability of the combination in pts with relapsed CLL. Methods: Thirty-six pts entered this phase II study. All pts had an indication for therapy, adequate liver/renal function and received prior fludarabine. Ofatumumab IV was given weekly for 4 weeks (300mg w 1; 1,000 mg w 2-4), monthly during months 2-6, and every other month during months 7-24. Lenalidomide 10 mg PO/day started on day 9 and continued for 24 months. Responses were assessed (2008 IWG criteria) at month 3, 6 and every 6 months. Results: Thirty-four pts are evaluable. Median age was 64 yrs (34-82), 59 % of the pts had Rai stage III-IV disease, median β-2M level was 4.1 mg/dL (1.7-16), 62 % of the pts had unmutated IgHV, 26% del(17p) and 12% del(11q). Median number of prior treatments was 2 (1-8), all pts had been treated with FCR and 29% were fludarabine-refractory. The overall response (OR) rate is 65% (22 pts); 7 pts (21%) ...


The configuration space of SU(N) gauge theory is restricted to orbits with vanishing Polyakov loops of non-trivial N-ality. A practical method of constraining to this orbit space C0 is found by implementing a certain axial-type gauge. It is shown that the representative of an orbit in C0 is unique in this gauge up to time independent Abelian gauge transformations. The restricted orbit space does not admit non-Abelian monopoles. As long as C0 is thermodynamically stable, the free energy of the constrained SU(N) gauge model is of order N0 (even in the presence of dynamical quarks) and confinement is manifest for sufficiently large N. With a free energy of order N0 and Polyakov loops that vanish by design, there is no transition that deconfines color charge in such an SU(N) model. However, a proliferation of massless hadronic states of arbitrary spin could lead to a Hagedorn transition[1] if the string tension vanishes at a finite temperature TH. Constraining the orbit space to C0 can be viewed as a particular boundary condition, and TH in general is above the first order deconfinement transition of the full theory at Td. Between Td and TH a superheated confining phase may exist for SU(N > 2). Perturbation theory in C0 is sketched. It does not suffer from the severe IR-divergences observed by Linde[2]for the ordinary high temperature expansion. Correlations of the lowest transverse Abelian Matsubara modes develop a renormalization group invariant pole of second order at vanishing spatial momentum transfer when T = TH. The latter could be associated with linear confinement.


The damping characteristics of flexible DC transmission system based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) change greatly during operation mode switching. When the impedance of DC system changes, it is easy to cause high-frequency oscillation due to the interaction of stray parameters in AC system. In this paper, a simplified frequency impedance model of the converter is established based on the topology and control logic; Secondly, combined with the frequency impedance characteristics of AC system before and after the operation mode change, the possible oscillation risk points under the interaction of AC and DC system are analyzed in principle; Finally, a full real-time electromagnetic transient simulation of the high-frequency oscillation caused by the change of AC system operation mode is carried out in the YU-E south channel model built in the Hypersim simulation platform to verify the correctness of the proposed theoretical model.


A new monomer, (2,5‐dimethoxy)phenylhydroquinone (DMPH), was prepared in a two‐step synthetic procedure. One aromatic poly(ether ether ketone)s with 2,5‐dimethoxy phenyl side group (DMP‐PEEK) was synthesized via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone (DFB). Poly(ether ether ketone)s with 2,5‐dihydroxy phenyl side group (DHP‐PEEK) was obtained via hydrolysis of methoxy group on the DMP‐PEEK. Both of the high molecular weight polymers could be obtained despite the steric effect of the bulky pendant groups. The two polymers have good solubility at room temperature.


We consider Carroll and Nuro's (this issue) model of treatment manual development in the broader context of attempts to bring accountability and evidence- based practice to clinical services. The current Zeitgeist surrounding treatment manual dissemination is guided by several implicit and largely untested assumptions. We describe each assumption, consider how it guides current thinking about dissemination of empirically supported treatments, and briefly summarize relevant research. We conclude that treatment manual development and dissemination, while clearly a worthwhile pursuit, is only one way to merge science and practice.


Arbuscular mycorrhiza is the most ancient and widespread type of mycorrhiza symbiosis. Phosphorus uptake and growth of host plants are stimulated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In return, host plants provide carbohydrates for their fungal partners (Smith and Read 1997). Growth and photosynthesis of the host plants are often improved due to the better mineral nutrition. The positive growth response to AM formation, however, usually declines under high P availability. Physiology of AM plants are prone to significant changes due to other, direct responses of plant metabolism, like hormonal balances, which are often masked by the nutritional benefits (Smith and Read 1997). There are profound changes in plant polyamine (PA) metabolism under several environmental challenges including mineral nutrient deficiencies or atmospheric pollutants, like cadmium (Bouchereau et al. 1999). Put seems to be a stress signal molecule and its concentration is usually increased under these conditions. Information is very scarce about the role of PAs in plant-microbe symbioses (Walters 2000). They may have a role in the molecular signalling events between the symbiotic partners (El Ghachtouli et al. 1995).


The authors have initiated an ab-initio study of low energy electron collision with CH{sub 3}Cl using the complex Kohn variational method. CH{sub 3}Cl is the simplest chlorinated hydrocarbon. This class of molecules exhibits an enormous range of cross sections, whose magnitude is the subject of experimental disagreement. Their calculations concentrated on elastic scattering and included the effects of target correlation. Polarization effects were included via an ab-initio optical potential. The autors present results for the differential and momentum transfer cross sections, and for dissociative attachment.


Hierarchical model based different-client access audio-video transmission equipment comprises a remote reliable network access layer, a network signaling parsing layer and an executive layer. The remote reliable network access layer is used for providing reliable signaling transmission with an SIP (session initiation protocol), and directly forwarding a message to the network signaling parsing layer after reliable access is completed during remote network communication; the network signaling parsing layer is used for receiving the signaling message sent from the remote reliable network access layer or a local area network and parsing needed parameters, a signaling includes a message header and a message node identifier, and a needed message is extracted through the message header and the message node identifier and sent to the corresponding executive layer; the executive layer is used for executing corresponding functions according to the parameters sent from the network signaling parsing layer. The hierarchical model based different-client access audio-video transmission equipment is capable of effectively realizing simultaneous accessing of various clients.


At the beginning of the twentieth century, the discourse on Persian art was situated simultaneously in the academies and museums of Europe and America and in the Iranian Parliament, sites that were intricately connected to each other. Thus it is necessary to analyze together the political, the economic, and the aesthetic meaning of Persian art in both Western and Iranian contexts. This chapter discusses these complex relationships through a study of select projects sponsored by the nationalist Society for National Heritage, an institution established for the preservation of the Iranian heritage. It focuses on two important academic and cultural events that took place in London in 1931, namely, the International Exhibition of Persian Art at Burlington House and the Second International Congress for Persian Art and Archeology. These events were followed by publication in 1938-39 of A Survey of Persian Art , edited by Arthur Upham Pope and Phyllis Ackerman. Keywords: Arthur Upham Pope; Burlington House; Iranian heritage; Iranian Parliament; Persian art; Phyllis Ackerman


disorder, diagnosed as a ptomaine poisoning, and characterised by general illness, persistent pyrexia, body oedema, and diarrhoea. The symptoms continued over a period of six weeks, and even after they subsided there was a measure of body weakness and general ill-health. In 1928 the debility became more noticeable, and in November of that year an enlargement of the right supraclavicular glands was detected (Fig. 1). In January 1929 glandular swelling appeared in the supraclavicular glands of the lejt side, and these features persisted with an increasing degree of general debility during 1929 and the first six months of 1930. The patient came under personal observation on 4th June 1930. Examination at that time revealed enlargement of the lymphatic glands in both supraclavicular regions, in the right scalene area, and in the right axilla. The glands were discrete, firm, and freely movable; they presented the clinical characteristics that are associated with


The diffusion control of termination in radical polymerization involving multivinyl monomers results in an alternative mechanism of bimolecular termination, namely in the reaction diffusion. By studying photo-initiated polymerization and copolymerization of mono- and dimethacrylates, the influence of polymer cross-linking density and monomer structure on reaction diffusion parameter R was determined. A reduction of cross-linking density results in the shift of reaction diffusion controlled termination towards high conversion. In loosely cross-linked systems, the reaction diffusion may not control the termination. It is proposed that the apparent increase in R with conversion beyond its steady value that begins at the conversion range of maximum polymerization rate is associated with a change of termination mechanism. Then the rate equations for bimolecular reaction fail to describe the process.


:The paper summarize how to raise the quality of academic engineering and refer to key action guaranteeing quality of project.Fundament of quality is doing strictly according to the programme of building .And the paper talk of the facilitation of quality to strengthen supervision.


We cannot hope for a new generation of scientists and engineers if we don't let our young students take ownership of their scientific and engineering explorations, if we don't let them enjoy the hands-on cycle of design and production, and if we don't let them implant their creativity into a technologically friendly environment. With this educational philosophy in mind, Massimo Banzi1 and his team have developed and popularized the open source Arduino microcontroller board. The Arduino board has helped countless people in their science, electronics, robotics, or engineering projects, allowing them to build things that we have not even dreamed of. Physics instructors have also realized the advantages of using Arduino boards for lab experiments.2–4 The schools are saving money because the homemade experimental equipment is much cheaper than the commercial alternatives. The students are thankful for an educational experience that is more interesting, more loaded with STEM content, and more fun. As further pr...


The present study performs an experimental investigation to identify the EDM processing parameters which suppress the formation of surface cracks in the machined surface of SKD11 tool steel specimens. The rapid heating and cooling effects inherent in the electro-discharge machining (EDM) process result in the formation of a brittle recast layer on the machined surface. This layer increases the surface roughness of the machined component and is characterized by globules of debris, shallow craters, pockmarks, voids and cracks. In the EDM trials, the specimens are machined using pulse currents of 4A, 16A or 32A with pulse-on durations of either 4μs or 16μs. The various specimens are then fatigue tested at loads ranging from 150~245 Kg in order to determine their respective fatigue lives. A polished SKD11 specimen is also fatigue tested for comparison purposes. The results show that the EDM processing parameters have a significant effect on the surface cracking characteristics. Specifically, when the EDM process is performed using a pulse current of 4A and a pulse-on duration of 16μs, the machined surface is found to have a high surface crack density and some of the cracks penetrate as far as the parent material. With processing parameters of 16A /4μs and 32A/16μs, a recast layer is formed on the surface of the machined specimen, but no surface cracks are observed. Hence, it can be inferred that increasing the pulse current and reducing the pulse-on duration provides an effective means of suppressing the surface cracking phenomenon. Higher values of the pulse current and pulse-on duration (i.e. 32A and 16μs, respectively) are found to increase the average thickness of the recast layer and to prompt a corresponding reduction in the fatigue life of the machined specimen.


This paper considers a multigrid parallel numerical algorithm of the Weis-Fogh mechanism moved in a channel. We map the physical flow domain into a square domain, and derive the multigrid difference formula of the control equation. The numerical results show that our parallel algorithm has high speedup, and that the circulation calculated is compared well with theoretical one.


Many critics have acknowledged the stylistic and technical skills in Eleodoro Vargas Vicuna's narrative, such as the orality of his characters, narrative fragmentation and polyphonic voices that describes his plot. There have been suggestions that the Indigenism of Vargas Vicuna renewed the pro-Indian narrative universe, but there are few concerns about the links of his story with his poetic production. Our research aims to establish which type of narrator rules his work. We will also show how his characters start showing through a particular language in order to reveal a vision of reality strongly linked to that of his poetic work, a transculturalized and mixed-raced discursive formation, but whose roots are related to his first reference: the mythical Andean perspective.


Be responsible for the following in relation to residents of Main House, Care Unit and off site facilities (small communities in Cork, Dublin and Knock). • Ensuring that the provision of a high standard of care and service to the member, and their family members/representatives, in the Care Unit is consistent with the mission, vision, values and strategic plan of St. Patrick's Missionary Society Ireland and the Care Unit.


Photoinjected carriers were found to cause modulation of the drain-source current of a MESFET biased in the active region. The observed tail in the temporal response is attributed to the modulation of the channel by trapped charges. >


The article is devoted to Olga Forsh's thoughts about the nature of art, its purpose, about the role of cultural heritage in the life of society. Theoretical discourse of the writer enables us to understand different stages of her creative career, to come closer to comprehending her aesthetic concept.


At the TUG meeting in Texas, I was able to announce the availabilty of the new font selection scheme which will be incorporated in the new I 4 m and explained its features. Further work is ongoing, including the redesign of the internal style interface and a new attribute concept. A more detailed talk about this project will be given at the Cork meeting in September. was founded. I was elected chairman of the society, and we also elected a vice chairwoman The principal aim of the society is to encourage advice and cooperation among German-speaking TE,X users. But this is not the only intention. The user group cooperates with other related national and international TEX groups; and, as well, DANTE represents the interests of the German-language TE,X users to TUG. That is done in coordination with other European TEX groups and their national interests. For its members, DANTE distributes a variety of software, including complete QX systems with common macro packages for PCs and Ataris, META-FONT, and drivers. In the future, TEX for Macin-toshes and Amigas will also be distributed. Anyone who has e-mail access can get some of the software via the FTP server in Stuttgart (18.104.22.168) or via firstname.lastname@example.com. Twice a year a general meeting (held together with the annual conference) takes place for all interested mers. During these meetings some experienced members of DANTE hold courses for free for everyone who wants to attend. Another DANTE activity is to organise training and education for beginners. Together with this activity, DANTE supports its members with information about all that is going on in the world: because a lot of interested mers have no e-mail access, DANTE distributes mhax and UKW via diskettes. Last but not least, a quarterly newspaper for members is published, with articles about new macros, style files, dates, reviews, and so on. In addition to this, there are a lot of other activities and plans to spread T@ and the knowledge about it, for example, by publishing articles in the most widely circulated computer journals in Ger-many, or by bringing m into high schools to students and teachers. Institutions as well as individuals can become members: universities, publishers, computer companies , private persons, students, etc.. to name but a few. Dues differ for the various categories.


This paper discussed the effects of mechanical pulp quality and papermaking process on the surface strength of uncoated wood-containing paper; the components of the lints from surface strength testing and press section, dryers winder of paper machine were analyzed. The result showed that the mechanical pulp quality, especially the shives content, dominates the surface strength of uncoated wood-containing paper. The approaches to upgrade the quality of mechanical pulp and optimize the papermaking process so that to improve the surface strength of the uncoated wood-containing paper are discussed.


In this paper some properties of the stochastic linearization method applied to nonlinear systems excited by parametric Gaussian white noises are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the linearized quantities, obtained by the author in another paper by linearizing the coefficients of the Ito differential rule related to the original system, show the same properties found by Kozin with reference to nonlinear system excited by external white noises. The first property is that these coefficients are the true linearized quantities, in the sense that their exact values are able to give the first two statistical moments of the true response. The second property is that, in the stationary case and in the field of the parameter estimation theory, they represent the maximum likelihood estimates of the linear model quantities fitting the original nonlinear response.


In this paper, we propose to use the deep learning technique to estimate and predict the torso direction from the head movements alone. The prediction allows to implement the walk-in-place navigation interface without additional sensing of the torso direction, and thereby improves the convenience and usability. We created a small dataset and tested our idea by training an LSTM model and obtained a 3-class prediction rate of about 90%, a figure higher than using other conventional machine learning techniques. While preliminary, the results show the possible inter-dependence between the viewing and torso directions, and with richer dataset and more parameters, a more accurate level of prediction seems possible.


ABSTRACT This paper analyses Bolivia's industrial value-chain agriculture and argues that a new phase of control grabbing is occurring via value-chain relations. New forms of capital from emerging economies are penetrating Bolivia's countryside and drastically changing the forms and relations of production, property, and power. These processes are analysed by disaggregating the agro-industrial value chain and revealing where the value being produced is appropriated and how the terms of control are changing. The widespread use of genetically modified soybeans and industry's appropriation of natural inputs have opened new spaces for capital to penetrate, circulate, and accumulate, particularly from Brazil, Argentina, and China. As the production process becomes increasingly commodified, smallholders are adversely incorporated into value-chain relations, threatening their ability to work their land now and in the future.


* Abbreviation:
 HCV — : hepatitis C virus

Over the last decade, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections nationwide have been on the rise. Primarily driven by widespread injection drug use, the epidemiology of HCV is now dramatically different compared with 10 years ago.1 An infection that was mostly prevalent among adults born between 1945 and 1965 (baby boomers) is now just as common, if not more so, among young adults, including women of childbearing age.2,3 These women with HCV infection get pregnant and ultimately deliver infants with perinatal exposure.4 Because there are few systems in place to track and subsequently test these infants, several studies have demonstrated that most exposed infants never receive HCV testing of any kind.5,6 These data have largely come from single institutions, single health systems, or city public health systems.6–9 In this issue of Pediatrics , Lopata et al10 were able to use the Tennessee Medicaid database to demonstrate on a state level that >75% of infants with HCV exposure are never tested. The advantages of this particular study are the availability of data over a 10-year time span across an entire state, particularly one that touches the Appalachian region, where …

Address correspondence to Ravi Jhaveri, MD, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 225 E Chicago Ave, Box 20, Chicago, IL 60611-2991. E-mail: ravi.jhaveri{at}northwestern.edu


An adenocarcinoma of the papilla of Vater showing hepatoid differentiation similar to that described for hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is reported12. The tumour was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with clear cells containing occasional hyaline droplets and exhibiting bile secretion. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), α1‐antitrypsin (α1‐AT) and carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) were demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining. This appears to be the first report of a hepatoid adenocarcinoma at this location.


Sperm competition is recognized as an importantselective force in reproductive biology (Birkhead MBirkhead & M ller1998), and several studies on ¢shspecies have shown a strong positive correlation be-tween fertilizationor hatching rate and sperm moti-lity(Kime,VanLook,Mcallister,Huyskens,Rurangwa& Ollevier 2001; Kupriyanova & Havenhand 2002;Gage, Macfarlane, Yeates, Ward, Searle & Parker2004;Schulte-HosteddeBCasselman,Schulte-HosteddeMTaborsky1998), fewstudies have examinedthein£u-ence of diierent sperm traits on relative paternitywhen males competeforfertilization.The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) aggregate an-nually at spawning areas in spring, and spawningpairs are often joined by several satellite males thatshed their sperm among the newly released eggs(Brawn 1961). In addition, multiple paternities perspawning bout are found in captivity (Hutchings,Bishop & Mcgregor-Shaw1999; Rakitin, Ferguson &Trippel1999). Thus, it seems likely that the Atlanticcodis naturallyadaptedtospermcompetition.Wild-caught sexually mature adult Atlantic codwere trawl captured in the basin of Balsfjord(69119


In this paper, we present a systematic design methodology for enhancing the direc- tivity of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs), by using it as an exciter of a Fabry-Perot (FP) (6) resonant cavity. The design procedure involves three steps: (i) determing the resonance fre- quency of the empty cavity, with the MPA removed, when operating in the receive mode; (ii) designing the patch antenna to operate at the same frequency in the presence of the superstrates; (iii) flnally, we operate the composite system in the transmit mode to investigate its aperture distribution that provides us a clue for enhancing the directivity. We show that the directivity can be enhanced by more than 8dB, over that of the MPA without the superstrate, by using either planar or curved superstrates as covers for the MPA.


THE DESIRABILITY of developing and attaining standards has occupied the thinking of the library profession again and again for more than a generati0n.l This movement toward standards has been increasingly successful in the US.Recently it has also made headway in other countries, the German Federal Republic. These efforts have not always resulted in precise standards, but at times in somewhat vaguer " guidelines. " Perhaps we should start, then, from a definition of the term " standard, " in order to avoid the confusion which seems to exist in the minds of some librarians. WebsteT's Third New International Dictionary (1966) says: " Standard, " in general, " can designate,. . any measure by which one judges a thing as authentic, good, or adequate. , ,. Standard applies to any authoritative rule, principle, or measure used to determine the quantity, weight, or extent, or esp. the value, quality, level, or degree of a thing. " The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1969) defines " guideline " as " a statement of policy by a person or group having authority over an activity. " Its definition of " standard " is much more specific and much more binding: " An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value; criterion; norm.. .. a degree or level of requirement, excellence, or attainment. " While these definitions apply to standards in general, there is a most helpful and specific statement on standards for libraries in the introduction to Standards for South African Public Libraries: " Library standards may be defined as the criteria by which ,. , library services may be measured and assessed. They are determined by professional librarians in order to attain and maintain the objectives they have set themselves. Standards may be interpreted variously as the pattern of an ideal, a model procedure, a measure for appraisal, a stimulus for future development and improvement and as an instrument to assist decision and action not only by librarians themselves but by laymen concerned indirectly with the institution, planning, and administration of. .. library services. " 2 It would be difficult to find a more fitting definition. The value of such standards has sometimes been questioned by administrators who hate to be reminded of the obligation to improve libraries under their supervision, and by " sophisticated " members of the library profession. Against these critics the wise words of two outstanding …


The invention discloses electronic equipment with a task management function based on a gesture. The electronic equipment comprises a display screen used for displaying (302) a moving first application, a movement sensing component used for providing a signal instructing movement of an object relative to the display screen and a processor performing electronic communication with the movement sensing component and the display screen. The processor evaluates the signal from the movement sensing component to recognize (304) a subdivided gesture and command the display screen to display (306) the first application in a first part, at one side of the subdivided gesture, of the display screen.


The interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems was first proposed by pathologists who noted that acromegaly was frequently associ ated with lymphatic hyperplasia. Hammar 1 system atically studied thymic morphology and noted that the conditions where thymic hyperplasia is found are castration, Graves ' disease, Addison's disease, myasthenia, acromegaly, and the so-called thymus death. The role of the pituitary gland in stimulating thymus growth was investigated by Smith. 2 He ob served that the thymus gland of hypophysecto-mized (Hypox) rats ceased to grow and regressed in weight to less than half of controls in long survivors. On the other hand, partially hypophysectomized rats showed an absolute weight loss no greater than the controls. Since pituitary remnants were found subsequently to secrete only prolactin (PRL) in sig nificant quantities, this article can be regarded as the first to indicate the role of PRL in thymic physiology. These and other observations triggered many inves tigators to study the influence of hormones on lym phoid tissues. The lack of purified hormone prepara tions and proper assays at the time proved to pose insurmountable difficulties, which led to contradic tions and confusion. Dougherty 3 reviewed the early literature on the effect of hormones on lymphatic tissue and concluded that despite the voluminous literature available on the subject, the findings are so controversial that no definite conclusions can be drawn from it. The tentative conclusions drawn by him were that enhanced endogenous secretion of androgenic, estrogenic, and adrenocortical steroid hormones produce acute lymphatic involution and that growth hormone (GH) increases the size of the thymus in both intact and Hypox animals. Studies on the regulatory effect of the pituitary gland on bone marrow function have


This study examined the time dependence of the microstructural evolution and resistivity of Cu(B) alloy thin films deposited on a Ti underlayer during rapid thermal annealing at 500°C. The growth of bimodal distributed grains began at approximately 20 s. The B that precipitated from the supersaturated solid solution dissolved and then out-diffused to the Ti underlayer. This led to a decrease in size (r) and volume fraction (f) of the B precipitates, which limited the growth of the small Cu grains (Ga) according to the Zener relationGa∼rlf. The average size of the small grains and the volume fraction of B precipitates varied with time, according toGa∼(time)0.67 and f∼(time)1.0, respectively. Therefore, the decrease in the size of B precipitates occurred according to the relation r∼(time)0.33, suggesting that the dissolution of B precipitates occurs through lattice diffusion. The resistivity ρG varied with time according to ρG∼(time)0.65, in a similar manner to the time dependence of the Cu grain size, indicating that pinned grain growth is the main contributor to the resistivity of Cu(B) alloy films.


In the present work, design and analysis of Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) method has been presented for control and disturbance rejection of magnetic levitation (Maglev) system. Based on the structure of ADRC, two controllers are considered for the control purpose suggested system: Linear ADRC (LADRC) and Nonlinear ADRC (NADRC). A performance comparison has been made between LADRC and NADRC in terms of robustness against variation of parameters and the capability to reject applied disturbance. The main difficulty with ADRC is the necessity to tune its constituent parameters. Particle Swarm Optimization Method (PSO) has been suggested to tune the parameters of ADRC to have minimum error variance such to enhance the dynamic performance of the controlled system. The results based on MATLAB simulation indicated that LADRC gives better robustness characteristics than NADRC. Also, it has been reported that the LADRC has better disturbance rejection capabilities than NADRC when prescribed disturbing force is applied on the ball mass.