The composite oxide with perovskite-like structure developed in these years could be a promising cathode of IT-SOFC.In this paper,the research progress of A2BO4-type and AA' B2O5-type perovskite-like cathode materials was reviewed,and summarized the property of the two types of materials as IT-SOFC cathodes.Improving the microstructure and enhancing the electrochemical performance and thermal stability for perovskite-like cathode will be the emphases for future's research.


The study was designed to test the hypothesis that persistent performance errors which cannot be attributed to incomplete learning may be exploratory responses. As hypothesized, both latency and error scores were higher for Ss having access to the complex cul in the T maze than Ss denied access, and Ss 22 hr. hungry performed better than Ss 10 hr. hungry. The data suggest however that hunger neither "inhibits" not "facilitates" exploration but each drive source may elicit competing or complementary responses.


The role of Ca2+ signalling in fibroblasts is of great interest in fibrosis‐related diseases. Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) is a ubiquitous secondary messenger, regulating a number of cellular functions such as secretion, metabolism, differentiation, proliferation and contraction. The intermediate conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is pivotal in Ca2+ signalling and plays a central role in fibroblast processes including cell activation, migration and proliferation through the regulation of cell membrane potential. Evidence from a number of approaches demonstrates that KCa3.1 plays an important role in the development of many fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. The KCa3.1 selective blocker senicapoc was well tolerated in clinical trials for sickle cell disease, raising the possibility of rapid translation to the clinic for people suffering from pathological fibrosis. This review after analysing all the data, concludes that targeting KCa3.1 should be a high priority for human fibrotic disease.


Four new pyridines 1–4 have been isolated from jonquil absolute and their structures confirmed by synthesis. These pyridines also occur in other essential oils.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) is characterized as the investment in operations over which managerial control is exerted as opposed to portfolio investments over which the investor has no management influence. As the global operations strategies of Korean manufacturing companies, the amount of FDI toward European region has been increasing consistently for a considerable period of time. It also shows that the relative importance of European region for FDI has been more weighted since 1997, the currency crisis occurred. This study provides the strategie scheme of FDI for Korean companies in order to acquire competitive advantages in European countries. The suggested strategies involve the efficient penetration plans based on global operations management, in conjunction with Korean governmental policies required to activate the successful performance of FDI. To be effective, EU countries and Mid & Eastern European area are distinguished and approached separately because of their distinctive natures of socio-economic and political states. Also, two different cases, activated by Korean companies in each area respectively, are analyzed through the study of their explicit practices and different characteristics in order to learn the Iessons of their experiences.


The work function of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is found to be about 5 eV by the photo-electron emission method. For comparison, the work function of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was also measured and it was determined that the work function of MWNT is larger than that of HOPG. MWNT has σ-π non-orthogonal valence state, while HOPG has an orthogonal state. Because of this non-orthogonality, HOMO level of MWNT is deeper, which gives a larger work function. To check the validity of this experimental result, the first principle ab-initio calculation was carried out and the result shows the validity of the experiment.


Here, the growth of Cu2O flowers on a glass substrate were successfully fabricated using one-step chemical bath deposition method at low growth temperature. These flowers were grown on ITO seed layers that were prepared on glass substrate by magnetron-frequency RF sputtering. The structure and surface morphology of the products of Cu2O flowers were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction and microscopy of field emission scanning electron. Optical properties were examined through the ultraviolet/visible spectro-scopy. The results showed that the Cu2O flowers were uniformly formed on ITO seeds-coated glass substrate, grow in the cubic structure with film preferential (111) plane orientation, high transmittance, and good crystallinity. The value of band gap is approximately 2.53 eV. This study helps to be the basis for more research on the growth of Cu2O at low-temperature and low cost-effective substrate.


Introduction: Epilepsy is due to imbalance between inhibitory & excitatory neurotransmitter release at synaptic level in brain such as GABA, Serotonin, Glutamate and nor epinephrine. Recently there are few reports suggesting that, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist with co-administration of fluoxetine has shown anticonvulsant activity. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the action of 5-HT2A/2C mediated anticonvulsant action of Trazodone in MES (Maximum Electro Shock) model in albino rats. Materials & Methods: Fifty albino rats of 200-250 gms of either sex were divided into five groups each of 10 rats(n=10), Group– I received distil water 0.5ml oral, Group –IIreceived sodium valproate 200mg/kg bw intra peritoneal(i.p.)acted as positive control, Group –IIIreceived Trazodone 54mg/bw, orally GroupIVreceived sub-anticonvulsant dose of Fluoxetine 6mg/kg/bw i.p. GroupVreceived Trazodone 54mg/kg/bw and Fluoxetine 6mg/kg bw. Subsequently all groups were subjected for MES. The results were analyzed by calculating the mean duration of convulsions & absence of HLE and comparison was done by student't' test. Results: The present study revealed that sodium valproate showed 100% protection against MES as compared to negative control,(P<0.05). Trazodone showed 40% protection against MES& decrease in the duration of convulsions by 60%, and Fluoxitine sub-anticonvulsive dose combined with Trazodone 54 mg /kg b.w. has shown 90% protection against MES. The results are parallel to standard drug sodium valproate. Conclusion: Trazodone has exerted anticonvulsant activity, by enhancing 5-HT&NE extra cellular level in brain, and probably potentiated the action of sub anticonvulsive dose of fluoxetine in combination. However, further investigative studies are needed to confirm the potention of trazodone action.


Since there is no In an application in regenerative medical binding of magnetic particles in the example of mesenchymal cells or cartilage cells, etc., and thus the present invention after studying the binding of the cells can be administered by an external magnetic particles in the local magnetic retention, or cells can play its original role. The present invention provides a method to make the surface of mesenchymal cells or chondrocytes magnetic particles obtained by magnetic cell binding, the cells and in vivo administration of an external magnetic field, whereby the cells can be long retained in the lesion site. Of the present invention may further comprise pharmaceutical magnetic cell constructed drug delivery systems.


After pumped from5s1/2 ground state to6p1/2 state, the population inversion between 6s1/2 and 5p1/2,3/2 will be established for Rubidium four-level active optical lock. In this paper, we calculate AC Stark shift due to lattice trapping laser which dominates th e frequency shift of clock transition in lattice trapped Rubidium four-level active optical clock. Several magic wavelengths are found that can form desired optical lattice trapping potential. By choosing a p roper intensity and linewidth of trapping laser, the fractional frequency uncertainty of clock transition d ue to AC Stark shift of trapping laser, is estimated to be below 10.


A synthetic extract, prepared from 44 pure chemicals on the basis of the analytical data on the leg meat extract of the boiled snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, satisfactorily reproduced the taste of the natural extract except for a slight lack of body and mildness. A series of taste panel assessments on synthetic extracts prepared by omitting or adding extractive component(s) were carried out by a triangle difference test and changes in taste profile were assessed. Only 12 components, Ala, Arg, Glu, Gly, glycine betaine, AMP, CMP, GMP, Na+, K+, Cl−, and PO43-, were found to contribute more or less toward producing the characteristic taste of the snow crab.


Decades before the publication of Victor Green's The Negro-Motorist Green-Book, Black travelers relied on word of mouth, address directories (where available), and the Black press to plan travel within the United States. The Black Protestant press provided one such source in the "Notes of Travel" column published from 1903 to 1912 in the A.M.E. Church Review, the quarterly journal of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Authored by a woman, E. Marie Carter, lecturer, evangelist, and the authorized representative of the Review, the long-running column proved to be a popular feature of the quarterly. Carter's writing displays a generic hybridity: at once travel writing, history, geography, feminized sociology, racial uplift, and homiletic. She visited over 350 discrete towns and cities during her ten years travel for the Review, and created a capacious above-ground railroad that provided readers the names and addresses of homes and businesses that served as a nexus for nodes of hospitality welcoming Black travelers.


As the major interplanetary origin of disastrous space weather of Earth,interplanetary coronal mass ejections(ICMEs)can be divided into two parts:magnetic clouds(MCs)and noncloud-like ICMEs(non-MCs),based on the features of magnetic field.Here,we report some comparative statistical studies between MCs and non-MCs during solar cycle 23.During this period,there were 317ICMEs,of which 33.75% were MCs and the other 66.25% were nonMCs.We find that the yearly variation of non-MCs is well correlated with the variation ofsunspots while this correlated relationship between variations of MCs and sunspots is not fulfilled.On the other hand,the MCs-to-ICMEs ratio shows an approximately anticorrelated relation.The average strength of geomagnetic storms caused by MCs and their sheaths is much larger than that caused by non-MCs and their sheaths.In general,as the geomagnetic storm level enhances,the magnetic field strengths and the southward magnetic field strengths and propagation speeds of both MCs and non-MC ICMEs will increase.The further statistical study of the magnetic field and plasma parameters of MCs and non-MCs shows that the average strength and southward component of magnetic field of MCs are obviously larger than those of non-MCs while their proton densities,proton temperatures and bulk speeds differ insignificantly on average.


Abstract Photochemical reactivity of some oxoalkyl derivatives of dihydroartemisinin as well as the reaction of dihydroartemisinin with lead tetraacetate/iodine under visible light have been studied.


This study on food poverty and policy is an initiative of Combat Poverty, Crosscare
and the Society of St Vincent de Paul. It arises from a recommendation in an
evaluation of the Dublin City Food Bank, a Crosscare project1. The evaluation had
identified the need to review the wider context for food banking, including the links
between low income, food insecurity and diet, and other policy measures for
improving access to and affordability of food for low-income households.2 Crosscare
invited Combat Poverty and the Society of St Vincent de Paul to work with it in
undertaking the review. Combat Poverty, the government advisory body on poverty,
had previously supported research on low-income families, including studies of food
and dietary intake. The Society of St Vincent de Paul, as a charitable organisation
working with low-income households, had considerable experience of assisting with
the food needs of families, the homeless, older people and children.
The review was undertaken by the Centre for Health Promotion Studies, NUI Galway
and the Women's Education Research and Resource Centre, UCD for the three
sponsoring organisations. The aims of the study are:
■ to apply and quantify the concept of food poverty in an Irish context
■ to assess and strengthen policy measures relating to food poverty.
The study draws on a diversity of information sources, including an analysis of
secondary data, interviews with key stakeholders and a review of international
literature and policy approaches. The preliminary findings and recommendations
were discussed at a workshop of key interests involved in food and poverty issues.


This thesis explores the impact of culturally hybrid practices on the Singapore Malay community through fully comprehensive analyses of significant productions by two prominent Singapore Malay theatre groups. It demonstrates the value of applying contemporary cultural/semiotic theory and analysis to issues of cultural hybridity and identity to theatrical performance discourse.


Through comparison and analysis of infrared photometry,non-dispersive infrared method and UV method for determination principles of petroleum,verifying and comparing standard samples,testing practical samples,comparing and researching solvent types and instruments,this paper demonstrates that infrared photometry has unique advantage in comprehensive applicability of water;non-dispersive infrared method is simple and quick in use with the emergence of direct reading instruments; UV method still has practical value with the virtues of high sensitivity and low toxin of extracting solvent. According to the results of data comparison,infrared photometry can reflect the oil content in various water samples more accurately;the accuracy of non-dispersive infrared method and UV method depends on the selection of standard oil and these two methods have requirements for stability of the ratio of oil basic group in water sample and they are applicable to the regular monitoring of known types of water samples.


crease in the patient's involvement in self-management. Home monitoring, intensive insulin therapy programs, and other types of monitoring point up patients' need for accurate, concise, and specific instructions. One frequently neglected piece of the patient's &dquo;home management puzzle&dquo; is the prudent use of nonprescription drugs. Perhaps the public's failure to view these agents as significant components of therapy is one


The fastest growth of information technology and the digital disruption which massively increase brought a huge impact to the banking field to continue their efforts to innovate the products. This research aims to explore whether the quality of the products offered by Bank Syariah Indonesia can improve the quality of its customers. The method that currently applied on this research was quantitative by causal approach. The sample which has been studied were 75 Indonesian Islamic Bank customers who were selected by random sampling technique. The technique chooses to selected the data was through a questionnaire. And These research reveals that an innovative product quality can be a factor that will improve the customer satisfaction area. With this research, Bank Syariah Indonesia is expected to implement and innovate their ultimate digital banking products which kindly difficult to imitate, and have high use value and cannot be replaced by other products, so as to achieve customer satisfaction and sustainable competitive advantage.


The European Commission FP7 Design Study called EUROnu is undertaking R&D on the most critical components of three possible candidates for a future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facility that could be built in Europe. These are a low energy neutrino Superbeam from CERN to the Fréjus tunnel in France, a Neutrino Factory and a Beta Beam based on 8 Li and 8 B ions. The study is following the recommendations of the CERN Council Strategy for Particle Physics and aims to deliver a performance and cost comparison between the facilities in 2012. The work is being done in close collaboration with international partners, in particular the International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory.


This research work on "MATHEMATICAL LOGIC PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE" set its main purpose towards discovering the daily school actions developed throughout the first year of elementary education in the State School "CARLOS AGUILAR" of Distrito Metropolitan of Quito, within the Mathematical Logic teaching-learning process.
The leading objective of this work was based upon the observation of the pedagogical practice used by the teacher within the schoolroom, in regards to the teaching-learning approach of the mathematical-logic development, in order to get acquainted with the different methodologies of the educational practice in the school sphere. This task started with a bibliographic analysis of the problem with respect to the curricular structure, for which purpose a Field Log was implemented, where the observer took care of registering every single detail. This chore was executed during 17 consecutive lecture sessions.
After collecting this entire information, an analysis was performed, demonstrating a lack of methodology and organization when giving lessons in schoolroom corresponding to the initial level, and therefore, the children show several difficulties, such as learning problems, chores making, complications when trying to solve daily life problems, fine motor skills developing limitations, lack of order within the schoolroom and, finally, without caring whether the children learn or not.
The criteria defined in the conclusions, determined the need of implementing a methodology and organization when exchanging the different schooling, as this will benefit the kids to handle order and to comply with the curricular structure.


The genus Pilobatella (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) comprises 10 species, which are distributed in the Palaeotropical region; this includes two new species described herein on the basis of adult specimens sampled from forest leaf litter in Andasibe-Mantadia National Park of eastern Madagascar. Pilobatella mikoi n. sp. is similar to Pilobatella baloghi Mahunka, 2003 in having long interlamellar setae and adanal setae ad1 and ad2, but differs by having monodactylous legs (versus tridactylous) and a bothridial seta that is gradually expanded to a narrow head (versus setiform, without head). Pilobatella kovaci n. sp. is similar to P. mikoi n. sp. in having monodactylous legs, long interlamellar setae and adanal setae ad1 and ad2, but differs by the presence of lineolate notogaster and anogenital region (versus lineolate markings absent), long tutoria (versus tutoria of medium length), rounded trochanters distodorsally (versus pointed) and clearly distanced medial ends of apodemes 2 (versus nearly touching at midline). A revised generic diagnosis and an identification key to known species of Pilobatella are presented.


Determining the topology, layout, and size of structural elements is one of the most important aspects in designing steel seismic-resistant structures. Optimization of these parameters is beneficial to find the lightest weight of the structure, thus reducing construction cost. This study compares the performance of three metaheuristic algorithms, namely, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS), and Differential Evolution (DE). Three study cases are used in order to find the lightest structural weight without violating constraints based on SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1729:2020, and SNI 7860:2020. The results of this study show that SOS has better performance than other algorithms.


This review describes the development of morphological clinical ideas concerning neuronal-tissue relationship with emphasis on the role of mast cells in the nervous trophic


ejd.2012.1832 Auteur(s) : Liliana Cifuentes firstname.lastname@example.com, Christina Schnopp Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany A 4-year-old girl presented at the clinic with a dark bluish-red swelling, painful to touch, located in the right preauricular region, that gradually spread upwards along the ear lobe. What is your diagnosis (figure 1)? The answer is on the next page. The answer to sQuiz: Borrelial lymphocytoma Based upon [...]


Integrated probes have been developed containing the essential optoelectronic components necessary for monitoring tissue perfusion using the laser Doppler principle. The device contains a VCSEL for illumination, and a chip with photodetectors, amplifiers for signal enhancement, and digital circuitry for external probe control. VCSEL and detector chip are mounted on a common ceramic platform. A Peltier element may be included for temperature stabilisation, or thermal cycling for physiological purposes. Two special chips have been developed: one containing an array of five detectors, at various distances from the laser, which will allow for some degree of depth discrimination, and a single detector chip. In this paper the probe designs are presented and some results of in vivo measurements are shown.


In this bachelor's thesis, we discuss minimum vertex cover problem, which is one of the most complex problems in graph theory. It is a typical example of a NP-hard optimization problem. Finding an optimal solution in polynomial time is highly improbable, but there are many ways of finding an approximate solution to the problem. One of the options presented here is a use of a genetic algorithm, which turns out to be quite effective, since it is able to find a reasonably good solution in an acceptable amount of time.

In certain cases, the quality of solution is highly improved with the introduction of hybridization to the genetic algorithm, but the running time of the algorithm increases as well. The result depends on the section of the algorithm to which the hybridization is applied to, and how frequently it is used. As it turns out, the best solution is obtained with the periodically applied hybridization. However, the running time of the algorithm is the longest in this case. If hybridization is applied only in the middle or at the end of the run, the solution found is only slightly inferior, but the running time is much shorter. This type of hybridization is suitable for the cases in which the running time is a bigger concern than the quality of solution.

If the hybridization is used more frequently, the quality of solution increases, but so does the running time. The same happens when the number of generations (algorithm's termination condition) is increased. However, in the cases where the quality of solution is a priority, it is more sensible to increase the frequency of the hybridization than to increase the number of generations because that way the algorithm finds better solutions in shorter time.


Hexagonal YMnO$_{3}$ is a prototype antiferromagnet which exhibits multiferroic behavior with the ferroelectric and magnetic transitions occurring at different temperatures. We observe an out-of-plane canting of the Mn$^{3+}$ magnetic moments using resonant X-ray diffraction (RXD) in a single crystal of this material. These canted moments result in the symmetry-forbidden (0,0,1) magnetic Bragg reflection, which is observed at the Mn $L_{2,3}$ absorption edges. We also observe an unexpected difference in the RXD spectral shapes at different temperatures. Using ab initio calculations, we explore the possibility that this behavior arises due to the interference between scattering from the canted magnetic moments and parity-odd atomic multipoles on the Mn$^{3+}$ ions.


Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) using near-UV excitation is being developed to probe endogenous fluorophores in cells and tissues. Here, we describe such a UV-FLIM system and present a useful method for measuring the fluorescence lifetime discrimination of the system using the viscosity dependent lifetime of 1,4-Bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)benzene (POPOP). The time-domain UV-FLIM system employed a nitrogen laser (337.1 nm) fiber-optic coupled to an inverted microscope. Wide-field fluorescence images were obtained at controlled time delays with a 200 ps gated, intensified-CCD camera. Lifetimes were calculated from the intensity decay on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The system was capable of imaging endogenous fluorescence in living cells using UV excitation. POPOP is a nanosecond lifetime standard suitable for UV excitation (325-375 nm). Its single-exponential lifetime (1.4 ns in ethanol) is comparable to endogenous lifetime values measured in living cells. Increasing solvent viscosity via the incremental addition of glycerol produced a series of POPOP lifetime standards having a range of 1 ns. The FLIM system's ability to discriminate lifetime differences of 50 ps was demonstrated using the POPOP series. Thus, POPOP's viscosity dependent lifetime represents a useful and convenient resolution standard for UV-FLIM calibration.


Representation of extralinguistic space in grammars and lexicons of languages has been studied by linguists for several decades. This study reports the results of a detailed analysis of two (arguably synonymous) expressions that English speakers use to talk about one of the spatial dimensions – wide and broad. Examples were retrieved from four small corpora (Brown, Frown, LOB, FLOB) and the BNC and taxonomised with a view to certain spatial concepts. It was argued that the difference between the two synonyms is one of perspective, crucial to which is the notion of boundaries, used in cognitive frameworks. The study is a contribution to the field of lexical semantics. _____________________________________________________________________


Long before the terrorist atrocities of 11 September 2001 in New York, Washington, DC, and Pennsylvania, the anthrax attacks through the US mail, and the US-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, signs were mounting that America's ability to create and operate vast technological systems had outrun her capacity for prediction and control. In a prescient book, published in 1984, the sociologist Charles Perrow forecast a series of 'normal accidents', which were strung like dark beads through the latter years of the twentieth century and beyond most notably, the 1984 chemical plant disaster in Bhopal, India; the 1986 loss of the Challenger shuttle and, in the same year, the nuclear plant accident in Chernobyl, USSR; the contamination of blood supplies with the AIDS virus; the prolonged crisis over BSE ('mad cow disease'); the loss of the manned US space shuttle Columbia in 2003; and the US space programme's embarrassing, although not life-threatening, mishaps with the Hubble telescope's blurry lens, and several lost and extremely expensive Mars explorers (Perrow 1984). To these, we may add the discovery of the ozone hole, climate change, and other environmental disasters as further signs of disrepair. Occurring at different times and in vastlydifferent political environments, these events nonetheless have served collective notice that human pretensions of control over technological systems need serious re-exam ination. While American theorists have often chalked up the failings of technology to avoidable error, especially on the part of large organizations (Perrow 1984, see also Vaughan 1996, Short/Clarke 1992, Clarke 1989), some European analysts have suggested a more troubling scenario. Passionately set forth by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck, the thesis of 'reflexive modernization' argues that risks are endemic in the way that contemporary societies conduct their technologically-intensive business (Beck 1992). Scientific and technical advances bring unquestioned benefits, but they also generate new uncertainties and failures, with


This paper implements a real-time dynamic collision detection method for 3D articulated character by constructing an OBB(Oriented Bounding Box) for each bone inside.Based on the APIs of DirectX,the templates of the X model file are extended and the off-line computed OBB are embedded into the articulated 3D character model to remove computation in runtime.This method can be applied to the FPS(First Person Shooting) game,3D Character simulation game,path-finding in Robotics as well as virtual tactics to improve efficiency of 3D articulated character collision detection.


The study aims to provide the scientific basis for the reasonable development and the introduction cultivation of Rhododendron fortunei. In potted experiment with 5 years old R.fortunei nursery stock as materials,4 kinds of soil moistures stresses with different degrees simulated as follows: CK [maximum field capacity(MFA) 75%~80%],light stress(MFA 60%~65%),moderate stress(MFA 45%~50%) and severe stress(MFA 30%~35%) was done,so as to study the effect of soil moisture stress on the stomatal conductance(Cs) and the transpiration rate(Tr) of R.fortunei.Under the light,moderate,and severe stress,compared with CK,the Tr and Cs respectively reduced 21% and 33%,65% and 44%,67% and 82%.The decline scope of stomatal conductance was larger than that of Tr.The Tr daily variation curve of R.fortunei was the single-peak type and the Cs daily variation curve was the double-peak type.The regression equation of the Tr daily variation and the ecological factors under different moisture treatments was obtained through stepwise multi-regression analysis.There were close relationships between Tr and Cs,soil water content and leaf relative water content.


Two toughening approaches were investigated in this study to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFTs) of carbon fiber/benzoxazine composites. A matrix modification as well as an incorporation of thermoplastic polyamide (PA) veils were utilized to investigate the change in the ILFT properties. Two PA veils with different melting temperatures were analyzed and the ILFT properties of the resultant laminates were determined by the Mode-I and Mode-II critical strain energy release rates (GIC and GIIC). The incorporation of both veils was found to increase both GIC and GIIC performances. The veil with a lower melting temperature than the curing temperature of the resin resisted a Mode-I crack propagation better than the veil with a high-melting temperature. A significant increase in the GIC measurements could therefore be achieved with the use of the toughened matrix system. In the Mode-II ILFT testing, the high-melting temperature veil outperformed the low-melting temperature veil in resisting both crack initiation and propagation. No significant toughening improvement was observed with the use of a toughened matrix system in the Mode-II experiment. A combination between matrix toughening and interleaving with the high-melting temperature veil led to an enhancement in Mode-II properties. The fracture surfaces of the tested specimens were then examined for a determination of toughening effects of the interleaved veils on the composites.


This paper presents a brief description of the facilities available for aircraft engine icing studies at the Engine Laboratory of the National Research Couneil (Canada), together with a more detailed discussion of simulation and measurement techniques. Test results from the past few seasons are presented in the form of observed phenomena associated with general engine and anti-icing system types rather than as data from specific engine test programmes.


Unit Description This unit examines the Holocaust and its post-war memory through a geographical focus. Taking a number of spaces and places (forest, ghetto, cattle car, camp, attic, sea, river, road) associated with the implementation of, and evasion from, the 'final solution of the Jewish question' we will examine:  The construction and or transformation of these places during the Holocaust  Victims' experiences of these landscapes  The post-war history of these sites and especially their selective re-imagining as sites of memory Thematically we will examine the concentration, deportation and mass killings of Jews as well as slave labour, death marches, hiding, resistance and rescue, native collaboration, the post-war displaced persons' camps and contemporary memory of the Holocaust. Methodologically we will explore the intersections between history and geography, and the possibilities of examining landscape as a focus of analysis.


Abstract : A microscopic study has been performed on carbon composite fracture surfaces, using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It appears that the SEM is a useful tool to examine the fracture surface characteristics of composite materials failing under different loading conditions. (MM)


This paper investigates the relationship between private equity transaction returns, durations, firm motivations and firm size/skill to suggest that the existing conclusion to the debate on the nature of private equity - 'the heterogeneous view' - is limited, shallow and incomplete. The paper argues that a private equity firm's 'skill' is the most important factor that determines its success and suggests that private equity's nature is one of short-term 'shock therapy'; but that the majority of private equity transactions are prevented from embodying this state to the limitations of their sponsoring private equity firm's skill in achieving high transaction returns and short transaction durations.A three-pronged approach is taken to provide evidence for this theory: examining secondary literature on the private equity industry and corporate governance to develop the context of the research question; analysing empirical evidence on a global database of 11,704 private equity transactions from 1969-2012 to investigate it; and analysing case-study evidence to provide supplementary information on specific aspects of the study. Practical recommendations for the Oxford Private Equity Institute, private equity firms and corporations are proposed along with further research possibilities.


The best use of media surfaces, urban screens and digital technologies in relation to urban communication leads to a massive use of lights and colours to make architecture visible and perceptible and they are thought to be communicating social, cultural or political messages aiming to astonish people and capture their attention. The consequences of this evolution are to be seen in the changes regarding the city's physical aspects and the role of culture in the public environment. The media architectural surfaces can be useful means to stimulate people and invite them to have a deeper cultural sensibility. The aim of this paper is to describe the new design approaches to the use of chromatic and bright technology for the construction of media architectural surfaces. Especially it analyses the communicative and perceptive role of colour and light in the urban context and the relationship between architecture and its users.


Abstract : The goal of the Coast Guard's aviation logistics system is to ensure that each air station has an average mission capable rate of 71 percent, by aircraft type, to support its readiness requirement. The search-and-rescue mission imposes the most stringent readiness requirement - the ability to put an aircraft in the air within 30 minutes. In this study, we review the management and cost-effectiveness of aviation logistics support, examine current modernization projects, and recommend improvements to the Coast Guard's short- term and strategic plans. To evaluate management and cost-effectiveness, we analyzed, at a macro level, aviation logistics support functions, and we assessed the current approach and related costs of providing the 71 percent mission capable rate. Overall, we found that the logistics organization's management is sound and oriented toward problem solving; its maintenance program produces quality aircraft; its supply system responds to the air stations' priority requests; and its management information system (MIS) ably supports the air stations' maintenance schedules and partially meets the Aviation Repair and Supply Center (ARS however, we also found that its MIS is almost completely unable to forecast requirements and measure and report performance. USCG: Aviation Logistics Support Planning, Logistics system management, Aircraft maintenance management, Aviation supply management.


Understanding and controlling the function of materials systems, including catalysts, batteries, and materials synthesis reactions, requires that we unravel the interplay between structure and chemistry across multiple length scales. However, this can be challenging due to the limited scope and sensitivity of individual experimental tools. Multimodal experiments that combine insights from several complementary characterization tools have the potential to provide a solution


Abstract : A model of the Van Allen belt is proposed in which the resonance acceleration of the exospheric plasma particles by stochastic electromagnetic waves plays an important role. The differential energy spectrum for trapped protons is derived in the energy range approximately equals 200 keV to a few MeV for L shells between about 2 and 6 earth radii. (Author)


The present status of development and calibration of the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel at DLR Gottingen (HEG) is presented. Tunnel characteristics operating conditions, test techniques and areas of study are summarised. Operational difficulties common to high enthalpy facilities (e.g. nozzle disturbances, contamination) are discussed and, where appropriate, solutions discussed. Planned future work on HEG (supersonic combustion, force measurements, optical techniques) and refinement of CFD tools are alluded to


The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which the famed American explorer, Richard Evelyn Byrd and his colleagues, used reading, books, and a library to help his men cope with the sometimes debilitating monotony of long stretches of expedition life. The article also examines some of the library practices used in developing these libraries in decidedly amateur but effective ways.


We will be studying age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex eye disease that mainly affects older adults and causes a gradual loss of sight. AMD is a complex disease, in which both genetic and environmental factors play a part. Since there is an association between diabetes and the risk of developing retinal disease, the prevalence of retinopathies may increase over time, due to the increasing incidence of diabetes in the general population.


In the study, the effects of different sodiumsalt stresses on seed germination of Pinus banksiana were detected. The germination energy,germination rate and germination index were measured after the seed was treated with NaCl, Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 solutions of different concentrations. The results showed that low-concentration(10,20 mmol·L-1)NaCl and Na2SO4 could promote the germination,and with the concentration increasing,the inhibitory effects increased.All indexes about seed germination were zero and reached the lowest level when the concentration was 250 mmol·L-1. Na2CO3 solution showed the stronger inhibitory effects on germination.Under the same concentration, all indexes treated by Na2CO3 were lower than that of treated by NaCl,Na2SO4.Above all,the seed of Pinus banksiana is salinity tolerant, but shows different tolerance to different sodium salts. The seed tolerance of Pinus banksiana to NaCl and Na2SO4 was higher than that of Na2CO3.


Problems of creation of competitive advantages and the concept of strategic management of firms in modern market conditions are considered.


New pattern rural cooperatives system development problem has already become focus of present researches, the paper researches on new pattern rural cooperatives system development problem model by applying analytic hierarchy process, assigns values to selected each indicator weight, after that applies new pattern rural cooperatives system development problem model into China's 14 regions new pattern rural cooperatives system development problem. Finally it gets each region ranking, from which Changsha city one place respectively ranks first in each indicator, it proves the region new pattern rural cooperatives system development is good and conforms to practices, and shows the model rationality and effectiveness.


Before responding to the diverse and fascinating contributions of the three symposiasts, I want to express my gratitude to T. Ryan Byerly and the European Journal for Philosophy of Religion for arranging this symposium. My thanks also to the illustrious symposiasts themselves for giving me so much food for thought and for engaging so thoroughly with my work


The present study includes characterization of diffusion bonding of aluminum alloy 2024-O without and with applying different interlayers as pure powder such as copper, silver and titanium. Bonding was performed in vacuum up to (1×10 mbar) using vacuum system bonding. Aluminum alloy 2024-O specimens was used as cylinder shape as diameter (15mm) and (35mm) length and interlayer thickness was equal 100 ϻm, under bonding conditions of (330-480°C) and (1-4 Mpa) and duration of (60 min). Interlayer was classified according to diffusion coefficient of each element in the base alloy.TaguchiMethod was applied to reduce the number of experiments and determine the optimum bonding conditions. Optimum bonding conditions were (430 °C) and (4 Mpa) during (60 min) time as bonding and the best interlayer used was copper powder. Tensile testing of bonded joint was performance for the specimen at optimum bonding condition. The ultimate strength was found equal 189.2 Mpa with an efficiency of 91.8 % compared to the ultimate strength of aluminum alloy 2024O.Minitab 17 program gave the accuracy of the model according to relationship between every factor and tensile strength by scatter plots to determine the accuracy of model. The accuracy of model is 99.13 % this mean that the model is perfect. Minitab 17 program gave A statistical model equation that represent the final model equationthat was deduced using Minitab 17 which gives the effect of all variables (temperature, pressure and interlayer) on the bonding strength of the joint. Introduction Solid phase welding of materials becomes important in this time for many applications such as properties of compounds like thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance [1]. Solid phase welding considers modern technique for assembly materials when the low temperatures and at all importance [2]. Welding by using fusion methods joining are needed high temperatures and control the melting on the both side of materials so become more difficult using this technique [3]. In addition, many defects result with using fusion welding method such as crack, segregation and porosity and these defects can be eliminated by using solid state methods [4]. Solid state bonding is the placing of two extremely clean metal surfaces in such intimate contact that a cohesive force between the atoms of the two surfaces holds and welds them together at the temperature blow the melting point of base metal and the pressure could or could not be applied without addition of filler metals. It is more industrial important process and widely used for similar and dissimilar materials [5].Diffusion bonding is one kind of solid state welding technique used for similar and dissimilar materials using interlayers or without using interlayers [6].The bonding with using interlayers is used to improve the bonding joint. The interlayer can be used as foil, powder, sheet or by deposit coating process. There are many advantages of using suitable interlayer such as increasing the strength of the bonding joint, decreasing the formation of weak intermetallic at bonding zone [7]. Aluminum and alloy's welding by traditional methods causes many defects such as cracks, air holes and deformation, so there was a special welding technique necessary to reduce or prevent these defects. Diffusion bonding technique is one of the joining processes method for similar materials with the interlayers between the two materials that be welding by which both sufficient strength and thermal conductivity might be resulted in aluminum alloy. In addition, diffusion bonding limits the oxidation process which is considered the main problem occurring during welding the aluminum and alloy's. Diffusion bonding of similar aluminum alloy 2024-O without using interlayers and with using pure powder of copper, silver and titanium as interlayers has been studied by using diffusion bonding system under vacuum (1×10 mbar) to [Akbar* et al., 5(7): July, 2018] ISSN: 2349-5197 Impact Factor: 3.765 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT http: // www.ijrsm.com © International Journal of Research Science & Management [21] obtain sound joints. Minitab 17 program is used in this research to know number of the specimens of aluminum alloy 2024-O that will be joined and to reduce number of experiments tensile test and to evaluate the effect of the factors on the joint strength so to know the optimum bonding conditions for joining aluminum alloy 2024-O.


As computers develop, various kinds of tasks have become to be done by computers. In this situation, the amount of data stored in a computer has been increasing, and it has therefore caused a new problem that necessary data are often missing or lost in a computer. In a sense, this means that the conventional desktop information retrieval technology has reached to the limits and a new desktop information retrieval is required. In this study, we propose a desktop search system that uses correlation between a user's action log, including his/her schedule and Web browsing log, and data in a computer. By using our system, we can find data in a computer based on the memory for our activities.


Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory deficit in the elderly. This progressive pathology often has psychological and medical comorbidities, including social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline. Despite ARHL's enormous impact, no therapies to prevent or slow its progression exist. Loss of synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), a.k.a. cochlear synaptopathy, is an early event in ARHL, preceding neuronal and hair cell loss. To determine if age-related cochlear synaptopathy can be prevented, and if this impacts the time-course of ARHL, we tested the effects of cochlear overexpression of neurotrophin-3 (Ntf3) starting at middle-age. We chose Ntf3 because this neurotrophin regulates the formation of IHC-SGN synapses in the neonatal period. We now show that triggering Ntf3 overexpression by cochlear supporting cells starting in middle age rapidly increases the amplitude of sound-evoked neural potentials, indicating that Ntf3 improves cochlear function when pathology is minimal. Furthermore, near the end of their lifespan, Ntf3-overexpressing mice have milder ARHL, with enhanced cochlear neural function and reduced cochlear synaptopathy. Our results provide evidence that age-related decrease in cochlear Ntf3 expression contributes to ARHL. and Ntf3 supplementation could serve as a therapeutic for this prevalent disorder. Furthermore, these findings suggest that increased expression of factors that regulate synaptogenesis during development might prevent age-related synaptopathy, a process involved in several central nervous system degenerative disorders.


Motivated by the Corns-Satchell, continuous time, option pricing model, we develop a binary tree pricing model with underlying asset price dynamics following It\^o-Mckean skew Brownian motion. While the Corns-Satchell market model is incomplete, our discrete time market model is defined in the natural world; extended to the risk neutral world under the no-arbitrage condition where derivatives are priced under uniquely determined risk-neutral probabilities; and is complete. The skewness introduced in the natural world is preserved in the risk neutral world. Furthermore, we show that the model preserves skewness under the continuous-time limit. We provide numerical applications of our model to the valuation of European put and call options on exchange-traded funds tracking the S&P Global 1200 index.


To characterize the alpha‐tubulin gene family in chicken, we have isolated five chicken alpha‐tubulin genes and determined the majority of the sequences of the encoded polypeptides. Three of these (c alpha 3, c alpha 5/6 and c alpha 8) encode novel, expressed alpha‐tubulins that have not previously been analyzed, whereas one gene segment is a pseudogene and another appears capable of encoding a functional subunit (although we were unable to document its expression in a survey of chicken tissues). Together with two additional expressed, functional alpha‐tubulins reported earlier, we conclude that the chicken alpha‐tubulin family is comprised of at least five functional genes whose polypeptide products are substantially more heterogeneous than found in preceding analyses of vertebrate alpha‐tubulins. Comparison of the amino acid sequences reveals that the five polypeptides are between 96 and 83% identical, with the extreme carboxy‐terminal residues representing a highly heterogeneous variable domain. Since some alpha‐tubulins undergo cyclic post‐translational removal and readdition of a carboxy‐terminal tyrosine, the notable sequence divergence in this domain suggests that individual tubulins probably participate to different extents in this modification cycle.


Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETS) provide distributed real time communication of traffic hazards and road conditions among vehicles in a radio line of sight. We propose using VANETS to securely communicate with positive train control (PTC) systems in order to reduce highway rail intersection (HRI) incidents. This paper illustrates the similarities and differences between the two systems, discusses previous research into the work already done to integrate the two systems, and outlines the additional work necessary to successfully integrate the two systems.


: The Ciphers and Non-Objectifying Thinking in Karl Jaspers and Ladislav Hejdánek Ladislav Hejdánek (1927–2020) is known as a thinker who strove to develop his concept of so-called non-objectifying thinking. But he is not an isolated author in this re-spect. From amongst the world philosophers, Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) also explored a similar issue. Both were convinced that our thinking did not allow us to adequately thematize reality (or certain aspects of reality) and disproportionately objectified it. The study attempts to, in outline, chart, contrast and critically assess these re-flections. Jaspers' alternative to this objectifying thinking is given to be his concept of ciphers of transcendence, by which non-objectifiable reality is to be represented symbolically and without the use of concepts. Hejdánek finds internal contradictions in Jaspers's conception and proposes his own alternative, which does not allow for the abandonment of thinking in concepts but for its development by working with non-objective intentions. The dispute between the two authors is understood as a dispute over the possibility of a future change in the way of thinking that has character-ized the European tradition up until now.


Introduction, Juhani Pietarinen and Valtteri Viljanen 1. Plato's Power Dualism, Juhani Pietarinen 2. The Active Principle in Stoic Philosophy, Havard Lokke 3. Plotinus on Act and Power, Eyjolfur Kjalar Emilsson 4. Power and Activity in Early Medieval Thought, Tomas Ekenberg 5. Power and Possibility in Thomas Aquinas, Andreas Schmid 6. Causal Power in Descartes's Mind-Body Union, Juhani Pietarinen 7. De novo creat: Descartes on Action, Interaction, and Continuous Creation, Timo Kajamies 8. Motion and Reason: Hobbes's Difficulties with the Idea of Active Power, Juhani Pietarinen 9. Spinoza's Actualist Model of Power, Valtteri Viljanen 10. Leibniz on Force, Activity, and Passivity, Arto Repo and Valtteri Viljanen 11. Kant on Force and Activity, Hemmo Laiho and Arto Repo 12. Differences that are None. Hegel's Theory of Force in the Phenomenology of Spirit, Andreas Schmidt 13. Schopenhauer's Twofold Dynamism, Valtteri Viljanen Index


Using post-evaluation theory and practice of related fields for reference,this paper analyzes the concept of land consolidation,discusses the kinds,research content,research progress and methods of the post-evaluation of land consolidation project,establishing a system of post-evaluation for land consolidation project,which will provide some references for the future researches.


To the Editor: Colistin is an old-generation antimicrobial agent; however, because it is one of the few agents that remain effective against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae), its clinical usefulness is being increasingly recognized (1). Previous reports have described the mechanisms of colistin resistance (2) as being chromosomally mediated and not associated with horizontal gene transfer. However, from 2011 through 2014, a plasmid-encoded colistin-resistance gene, mcr-1, was identified in colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated in China, particularly from animals. Specifically, mcr-1–positive isolates were found in 21% of healthy swine at slaughter, 15% of marketed pork and chicken meat, and 1% of hospitalized human patients (3). A study of E. coli isolated from healthy cattle, swine, and chickens in Japan during 2000–2014 found only 2 (0.02%) of 9,308 isolates positive for mcr-1 (4). We report the rates at which mcr-1 was detected in our stored collection of E. coli isolates from diseased swine (swine with diarrhea or edema disease), hereafter referred to as swine-pathogenic E. coli.


Hexachloro-p-xylene (HCX), a useful drug for the treatment of clonorchiasis in China, is similar to DDT in chemical structure, physicochemical properties and disposition in the body. Since DDT is a well known hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes inducer, the effects of HCX on the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were investigated.
 Hypnotic time induced by sodium pentobarbital was significantly shortened in rats pretreated with ig HCX 100 or 150 mg/kg, qd×6 d. However, the rat brain pentobarbital concentration during awakening did not change significantly after the pretreatment with HCX. The key component enzyme of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system (cytochrome P-450), the microsomal marker enzyme (cytochrome B5) as well as the representative drug-metabolism activities (pentobarbital side chain hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) were increased in the rat liver homogenates. Since the liver weight of the rats treated with HCX was increased while the SGPT level still maintained in a normal range, the increase of liver weight may be the result of increases in the enzymes and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
 The above results suggest strongly that HCX is an inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver.


Abstract The process of artistic perception in instructive and formative actions is identified with the educative action itself. In this process the considerable weight rests on the participative state kid to the design, development and evaluation/self-evaluation (through prescription of individual behavioural maps, anticipating practical actions, varying operations, performing the tasks by choosing the optimal variants for solving) and the dynamics of professional competence of teachers to achieve gradually the theoretical design process and practical actuating, by identifying educational content and valuable actions, diagnosing the individual resources, planning, forming hypotheses, sequential and final evaluation. In our statements we proceed from the reality that the artistic activity differs much from other human activities through its ontological specifics, which requires taking into account the opportunities and challenges that arise in individual potential manifestation of the child, act that expresses by transposing the theoretical prescriptions into practical actions indisputable by the presence of emotional-affective reactions, by developing projects and logistical maps of action, is not waiting for certain stimuli coming from outside, but by enhancing the artistic intentions and decisions of child – subjects of education.


A field experiment was carried out at Parbhani during Kharif seasons of 2001 and 2002, to evaluate the effect of intercrops and fertilizer levels on yield and quality of different cotton genotypes under rainfed conditions. All cotton genotypes (NHH 44, PHH 316 and PH 348) were found equally effective in producing seed cotton yield. Newly released cotton hybrid PHH 316 and variety PH 348 recorded significant effect on quality parameters like ginning percentage and halo length over NHH 44 under intercropped situation during both the years. Cotton intercropped with black gram produced higher seed cotton yield than cotton intercropped with soybean. Intercrops did not produce appreciable effect on quality parameters. Increasing fertilizer level from 50% recommended fertilizer dose of both the crops (RFDB) to 100% RFDB showed positive response in respect of seed cotton yield. Recommended dose of fertilizers of both the crops on area basis (RFDB) enhanced the ginning percentage and halo length significantly than 75% and 50% RFDB. Further, application of 75% RFDB also improved the ginning percentage and halo length than 50% RFDB. Cotton genotypes grown as a sole crop produced significantly higher seed cotton yield than intercropped cotton. Cotton hybrid PHH 316 grown as a sole crop recorded higher ginning percentage and halo length than sole NHH 44 during both the years. Interaction effects indicated that NHH 44 + blackgram, NHH 44 + soybean, PH 348 + blackgram as well as PH 348 + soybean with recommended fertilizer dose of both the crops on area basis produced at par seed cotton yields with application of 75% recommended fertilizer dose of both the crops on area basis of the respective cropping system. However, PHH 316 with either blackgram or soybean intercropping with recommended fertilizer dose of the respective cropping system on area basis produced significantly higher seed cotton yield than lower fertilizer level of the respective intercropping system.


System Level Diagnosis is a large subfield of fault-tolerance in parallel and distributed systems. Each node in the system can be 'faulty' or 'fault-free' and is able to perform a diagnostic test of it's neighbouring nodes. The collection of test results is called the syndrome of the system; the goal of the diagnosis is to provide algorithms and formal techniques to identify all faulty nodes correctly under various fault model. Abstract Argumentation is a framework used in AI to reason about belief and valid conclusion among a network of conflicting arguments, it is used by Intelligent Agents to take decisions. Subset of arguments can be collectively accepted or refuted. In this paper, we study a connection between the two models, and show that the diagnosis problem can be represented using an argumentation system: arguments can be mapped to set of units such that refuted arguments can be correctly diagnosed as faulty.


Although a substantial amount of studies have been carried out in order to improve the performance of IEEE 802.11, most of them focused on how to slowly decrease the Contention Window size, instead of resetting it to its initial value. Slow decreasing of the window size reduces the collision probability and increases the channel throughput. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve good results in a heterogeneous network which coexists with the original DCF. For instance, a Gentle DCF(GDCF) has good performance in a homogeneous environment, while it can hardly transmit frames in a heterogeneous environment including the original DCF. It is because the slow decreasing of the window size reduces the transmission probability. In this paper, we propose a Fast Recovery DCF(FRDCF) to solve this problem. In the FRDCF, the reset mechanism of the original DCF is maintained to keep the transmission probability high, while a new counter is used to enhance the performance of the wireless LAN. We prove that, compared with the GDCF, the FRDCF has better performance in a heterogeneous wireless LAN.


The statistical mechanics of fluctuating surfaces plays an important role in a variety of physical systems, ranging from biological membranes to world sheets of strings in theories of fundamental interactions. In many applications it is a good approximation to assume that the surfaces possess no tension. Their statistical properties are then governed by curvature energies only, which allow for gigantic out-of-plane undulations. These fluctuations are the "entropic" origin of long-range repulsive forces in layered surface systems. Theoretical estimates of these forces for simple model surfaces are surveyed and compared with recent Monte Carlo simulations.


The present invention provides an apparatus for multi-channel pipette system. The apparatus comprises a body, a module body (16) mounted to a plurality, the plurality of pistons mounted to the bracket (22) while movement of the piston (20), a piston holder for a plurality of pistons in a first direction (18) and a guide assembly. Each module includes a nozzle connected to a water chamber. A piston extending into the water chamber to move in the first direction. The guide assembly includes a first rotating element (52), a second rotary element connected to a second shaft of the first rotary member rotating member (56), a first rail and extending in a direction parallel to a first (54) and the second track . The shaft extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first rotation element mounted to roll along a first track, and the second rotary member is mounted to roll along the second track accompanied by a plurality of movement of the piston.


Ireland has a vast network of minor rural roads that are immensely important to both tourism and general amenity. However, the litter problem associated with such roads is growing steadily and is attracting adverse comment not only within Ireland but also from abroad. The purpose of this pilot project was to develop a simple methodology to measure litter density, to quantify the litter problem in a randomly selected 100 km2 area in County Wicklow, and to suggest possible remedial actions. The key recommendations focus on the removal of large litter items prior to verge and hedge mowing; a levy on beverage containers, which are the single largest littering item; the periodic removal of litter; community involvement in litter abatement and collection; and the prevention of accidental littering from vehicles and rural refuse collection points.


The article provides the author's definition of the terms "mortgage loan" and "mortgage lending risk". The classification of mortgage lending risks according to risks related mainly to real estate (systemic, non-systematic, random) and risks related to the capital market (banking risks) is given. The definition of each risk highlighted in the author's risk classification of mortgage lending risks is given. The distribution of risks between participants in mortgage relations (creditor, borrower, issuer of mortgage securities, investor) is presented, depending on the one- and two-level model of mortgage lending. The correlation between the level of risks and the cost of credit services is indicated. A detailed analysis of the following risks was carried out: credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, operational and technological risks, reputational risks and legal risk. Attention is paid to one of the types of credit risk – the risk of early loan repayment, and an example of its minimization is given. It is described how credit risk directly affects the market value and profitability of the mortgage portfolio. The causes of mortgage lending risks are listed and their consequences for all participants in credit relations are listed. The close relationship between the macroeconomic situation in the country and the effectiveness of mortgage lending is substantiated using the example of real estate price fluctuations. The importance of the correct assessment of collateral property when concluding a credit agreement is explained. The experience of the banks of the leading countries of the world and the leading banks of Ukraine in managing mortgage risks is presented. The methods of risk management given in the classification are considered and proposed, and the ways of improving the effectiveness of the mortgage loan are given. The most adequate monthly payment for a mortgage loan is given as a percentage of the borrower's income to ensure his solvency. Possible scenarios of fraud in the field of mortgage lending are given and recommendations for their prevention are given. Real cases of scams from developers of Ukraine in the context of mortgage lending to the population are given.


ii Abstract Gallium Nitride (GaN) is used as an absorbent layer in multijunction cells. These solar cells are mainly used in space because the yhave agreat resistance to cosmic radiation high-energy (MeV) thanks to the direct and wide energy gap. The only drawbackinthis solar cell isweakphoto-current, which affects the overall current of the multijunction solar cell. In this work we study the effect of increasing the proportion ofindium(In)which replaces Ga on the solar cell properties. The goal is to improve the photocurrent to be used in multijunction solar cells based on p-InxGa1-xN/n-InxGa1-xN, junction. It was found thatthe proportion ofindium(x = 0.78)greatercurrent(13.51m A). However other parameters are degraded.


Slotted waveguides embedded in aircraft skin panels may not support a buckling load without failure in the copper waveguide due to stress concentrations created by the corners of the slots. To create designs strong enough to avoid compressive failure before buckling instability, an initial offset in the copper waveguide may be added so that the supporting skin cover and backplane take additional load to prevent failure at the waveguide slot corners. A structural model is developed to include a gap in the eigenvalue analysis through a prestress term, and subsequently to account for the gap in an optimization procedure. Additionally, a curve fit is used to account for local buckling modes that reduce the plate buckling mode of the final panel design. These factors combine to allow for a low-fidelity model to account for the gap and local buckling without the need for a high-fidelity model using plate or contact modeling. This low-fidelity model is then run through an optimizer, producing designs that are stronger and/or lighter for a fraction of the computational cost of prior high-fidelity models.


The amount of energy that can be gained from the wind is unlimited, unlike current energy sources such as fossil and coal. While there is an important push in the use of wind energy, gears and bearing components of the turbines often fail due to contact fatigue, causing costly repairs and downtime. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential tribological benefits of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as additives to a synthetic lubricant without additives and to a fully formulated and commercially available wind turbine oil. In this work, AISI 52100 steel disks were tested in a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer against AISI 440C steel balls. Surface finish also affects the tribological properties of gear surfaces. In order to understand the combined effect of using the ILs with surface finish, two surface finishes were also used in this study. Adding ILs to the commercial available or synthetic lubricant reduced the wear scar diameter for both surface finishes. This decrease was particularly important for trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide, where a wear reduction of the steel disk around 20% and 23% is reached when 5 wt % of this IL is added to the commercially available lubricant and to the synthetic lubricant without additives, respectively.


In early 2003, President George W. Bush touted the prospects for democratization in Iraq, as well as in adjacent countries of the Middle East, following a U. S.-led invasion. He neglected to explain, however, how a country home to Kurds, Arab Sunnis, and Arab Shi'a—groups that historically have not co-existed harmoniously—would adjust to new and imposed political arrangements. Both the Shi'a, who constitute a majority, and the Kurds seek to escape Sunni oppression, omnipresent since the creation of Iraq in the 1920s. Although democracy may end Sunni privilege, Washington's commitment to the territorial integrity of Iraq will likely dissatisfy some if not many Kurds and Shi'a, who, presumably, not only expect improved representation within an Iraqi parliament but also enhanced political and cultural autonomy. Nearly a century ago, similar yearnings manifested themselves only to remain unfulfilled. This theme of dashed expectations pervades Aviel Roshwald's superb book, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923.


OBJECTIVE To explore the application of reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU,based on the method of using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(FMEA).METHODS The patients entered ICU in 2008 as the control group,only implement regulations of the hospital infection and prevent occurring of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Set patients entered ICU in 2009 as the experimental group,the failure causes of following items were considered as the high-risk factors of resulting in hospital infection,including the management and application of breathing machine,the degree of specifications in suction operating,the implementation of hand hygiene,the ward management and bed turnover rate.FMEA risk management had been adopted for each one as above from January 2009.RESULTS The incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 2008 was 40.12%,Relatively,it was 19.27% occurred in 2009,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Each quarter of 2009,the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was in a downward trend,the lowest rate was only 8.69% occurred in the fourth quarter.CONCLUSION Ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU can be controlled effectively by using of FMEA.


1. Abstract Relatively recently a new and different color capture technology, the Foveon X3 image sensor, has been developed. This technology competes with the Bayer CFA (Color Filter Array), the dominant color image capture technology in digital cameras of all types. The relative merits of the two color capture technologies are briefly discussed and a review of the pixel design, manufacturing, image processing, and system integration challenges involved in bringing this new image sensor technology to market is given.


Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have transformed the format of information resources vis-a-vis ways and means of accessing information. This has abolished the constraints of space and time and has taken the information to the desktops of users. This study examines the information access and utilization by faculty of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU). Data has been collected from faculty using online questionnaire with response rate of 62%. Users' purpose, place of accessing information, preferences over print v/s online resources, problems faced in accessing information, etc. has been explored. Findings reveal that the online access to information resources has influenced the users' visit to library. Teaching departments and home are the preferred places for using the Internet.


The research intend to know the sience literacy skill improvement of students with problem-based learning on high level, medium level, and low level. Methodology of research be used is pre-experiment with design (the one group pretestt-posttest design). The research is accomplishe at SDN Cimalaka, SDN Cibereum III and SDN Palasah. The instrument used in this research is by the science literation skill of science test with pretestt and posttest on each high, medium, and low levels, teacher's achievement observation sheet, student activeness observation, and science attitude scale questionnaire. The research show that the problem-based learning could improve the science literacy skill of students in all levels, and it is proved by the result of mean difference test on high level measured 0.000, on medium level measured 0.000, and low level measured 0.001. It is mean that the learning method could improve the science literation skill of students in all levels


This project samples two grade-2 classes respectively as experimental and controlled class from a closed private school in Zhangzhou to test the subjects' emotional intelligence and self-control in learning by scale and questionnaire,with 11 weeks' preventive self-education of emotional intelligence.The results show that the prevention plays a vital role in improving students' emotional intelligence and self-control in learning,especially significant to the female subjects and high self-controllable students.


T HERE are several theories of narcosis, but none of them explains all peculiarities of this phenomenon. The only settled opinion concerning the causes of narcosis is the generally adopted opinion that these causes lie in some change inside the living content of the cells. The best-known changes in protoplasm produced by narcotics were observed on plant cells. Narcotics bring about an interruption of protoplasmic movement in these cells and change the permeability and the viscosity of their protoplasm. Winterstein (1926) supposed that the interruption of protoplasmic movement in these cells


This diploma thesis be about desk study characterize economic effect, his amount for business firm, describe to exist methods of his detection and his structure, illuminate his amount for basin in economic decision and for measuration of financial performance of entity. At the same time this it be about detail describe formation and calculation of economic effect into chosen enterprise subject for tree accounting periods. This thesis also analyzes factors, causation and measure of their influence on level of economic effect.


Based on the analysis of leader mechanism of slotting machine,kinematic and dynamic analysis of leader mechanism was analyzed by software MATLAB/SIMULINK.The analysis results were made visual.The content can provide a reference to the analysis of other mechanisms by MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Summary

Length–weight relationships (TW = a TLb) were estimated for fish species caught by bottom shrimp trawl in southern Bahia (Brazil) from March 2003 to February 2005. The results indicate that all 21 estimated relationships had a 'b' within the usual range (2.5–3.5). Two new maximum size records were established: 19.2 cm for Odontognathus mucronatus and 16.1 cm for Stellifer brasiliensis.


This study clarifies how the diet of Baltic salmon leads to thiamine deficiency in eggs, and consequently to M74 mortality of yolk-sac fry. The main prey species, sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus membras), and their biomass in the Baltic Proper (BPr) and the Bothnian Sea, the two feeding grounds of salmon originating from the northern Gulf of Bothnia rivers, are compared. The thiamine concentration of both prey species is lowest in the youngest age groups. Because average fat content and energy density are greater in sprat than in herring, and greatest in youngest sprat, the supply of thiamine per unit energy is least in a diet containing many young sprat. Also, the greater is the supply of thiamine and fat from sprat in the southern BPr in the preceding year, the lower the concentration of thiamine in salmon eggs. Thiamine deficiency in eggs results from an unbalanced diet abundant in fatty prey fish, such as young sprat, from which the supply of thiamine is insufficient in proportion to the supply of energy and unsaturated fatty acids for salmon, which must undergo a long prespawning fasting period.


l;uturc NASA missions in astrophysics, Earth observation, and solar systcrn exploration that require optical communication, optical and infrared imaging, or high precision astromctric mcasurcmcnts irnposc very stringent dcrnands for the dimensional stability of precision structures and scicncc instrument components. Ilxamplcs of near-term missions with critical dimensional stability issues include: the Cassini Imaging Scicncc Subsystcm (1SS) and the Space lnfrarcd Tclcscopc (SIRTF). I,ongcr range mission plans call for even more stringent dimensional stability, J1'1, has identified twenty-six proposed missions with critical dimensional stability rcquircrmcnts.


Conflicts of interest: None of the authors has any financial or other conflicts of interest. Funding: This work has received financial support from the Hospital District of Southwest Finland (EVO-grant). Thioureas are accelerators used in the manufacture of neoprene rubber. Contact sensitization and allergy to thioureas most commonly result from exposure to neoprene-containing orthopaedic braces, footwear, gloves, medical and healthcare devices, protective clothing, sportswear, and sports equipment (1–6), which


Chemical/aerosol feedback mechanism are becoming more and more relevant in NWP as well as climate models, since the biogenic and anthropogenic emissions can have a direct effect on the dynamics and radiative properties of the atmosphere. To include chemical feedback mechanisms in the NWP models, on-line coupling is crucial. In 3D semi-Lagrangian schemes with quasi-Lagrangian vertical coordinates the Lagrangian levels are remapped to Eulerian model levels each time step. This remapping introduces an undesirable tendency to smooth sharp gradients and creates unphysical numerical diffusion in the vertical distribution. A semi-Lagrangian advection method is introduced, it combines an inherently mass conserving 2D semiLagrangian scheme, with a SISL scheme employing both hybrid vertical coordinates and a fully Lagrangian vertical coordinate. This minimizes the vertical diffusion and thus potentially improves the simulation of the vertical profiles of moisture, clouds, and chemical constituents. Since the Lagrangian levels suffer from traditional Lagrangian limitations caused by the convergence and divergence of the flow, remappings to the Eulerian model levels are generally still required - but this need only be applied after a number of time steps - unless dynamic remapping methods are used. For this several different remapping methods has been implemented. The combined scheme is mass conserving, consistent, and multi-tracer efficient.


Manufacturing the complex surface plates in Stern and Stem is major factor in computing the processing cost of a ship. If these parts are effectively classified, it helps to compute the processing cost and find the way of cut-down on the processing costs. This study is intended to effectively classify surface plates. To solve this problem, we apply Pattern Classification of Neural-Networks.


Cultural elements are of vital significance to the teaching effect in ELT,for it is related to the whole output of language teaching and acquisition. Therefore,more attention should be paid to the cultural elements in the process of ELT.To introduce cultural elements in ELT timely and reasonably is to guide the students to master the law of integrating English cultural items and the language itself,thereby,to overcome the negative transfer by Chinese,so as to en hance the acquisition and output of language.


Sorting is one of the most studied problem in Computer Science, as it has a wide range of applications, including sequential and parallel algorithms. Static sorting algorithms have been developed and proposed also in the P systems area. Among the first approaches, made independently, we mention [6] and [10], [11]. The problem of sorting with P systems occupies Chapter 8, [1], of the monograph [12]. The aim of this contribution is to show that the processes occurring in biological membranes in bacteria (cell membrane, external membrane or intracellular vesicles) which are essential for cell life being, are also important as natural examples of sorting processes occurring in bacteria. The argument is presented in Section 2. Accordingly, we have abstracted a formal model for a comparator of two values, which uses 3 membranes and communication rules between them. From the formal point of view, an immediate generalization follows, for N arbitrary values, whose biological feasibility remains to be investigated, and is probably heavily dependent on the value of N . Along the lines of previous work on sorting with membranes, a system is proposed to sort 4 values, by simulating a sorting network with 4 wires. This is the content of Section 3.


This paper presents a proposal to solve the Ambipolar Diffusion Equation (ADE) in order to simulate the PiN diode in silicon carbide. This proposal is based ...


There was conducted an analysis of the most common methods for assessing ecological plasticity in wheat varieties and lines proposed by R.A. Udachin, S. Eberhart and B. Russell, G.Tai, S.P. Martynov. It has been found that the use of methods proposed by Eberhart and Russell as well as by Tai requires a great set of varieties and long cycle of assessing ecological plasticity. These methods can not establish a tendency towards forming plasticity in the step breeding. The Martynov's assessment method allows evaluating a tendency towards plasticity formation in a variety developed but only as to such an index as "variety stability". It has been established that the Udachin's methods are most efficient in practice. This technique allows evaluating ecological plasticity in samples at different stages of the breeding process by testing them against two agricultural backgrounds, as a minimum, with the use of the random repetition method, and uses indices of intensity and stability. A new variant of analytical expression for stability index has been suggested. The use of the index suggested was shown to be efficient for assessing a variety; certain values of the index typical for West Siberian conditions are given. An approach allowing us to expand information facilities for assessing variety responses to improvement of the environment has been ground.


said foam containing a vast plurality of cells, and having a thickness of at least 20 mm, a density of from 0.005 to 0.03 g/cm, an average cell diameter of from 0.4 to 2.0 mm, and a closed cell ratio of at least 80%. The resin foam of the present invention has not only lightweight, but also exhibits high cushioning performance and excellent mechanical strengths, so that, after fabricated into various sizes by cutting, the resultant resin foam articles can be advanta geously used in the fields of cushion packaging materials, floating materials, and heat insulating materials.


A visible light mediated De Mayo reaction between 1,3-diketones and styrenes following a [2+2] cycloaddition pathway via a photosensitization mechanism gives access to 1,5-diketones. The reaction has been applied to substituted styrenes and aryl- and alkyl-substituted ketones. Moreover, the method converts β-ketoesters, β-amido esters, and β-cyano ketones. Seven membered rings, a frequent structural motif of natural products, are also accessible using this methodology.


The political tradition of local school governance predates the existence of the United States. Yet the most prominent mechanisms for the exercise of local discretion have evolved considerably from their colonial origins in response to the changing political climate of the nation, constituent demands, and legislative innovation. Recognizing the distinctive role of local political forces in state education policymaking, this article examines the diffusion of local governance reform as national policymakers redefined the terms of state policy leadership under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Through a discrete event history model using the complementary log-log function and cubic spline representation of time, we test the national influence and ideological distance hypotheses for charter school laws and state takeover reform. Our statistical results show clear differences in the respective number of significant determinants and explanatory power for those predicted relationships within each policy initiative.


Theorem. If G be a subgroup of index 3 in the multiplicative group F* of a field F,then G+G = F,except in the cases IF= 4, 7, 13, or 16. The elementary methods used here provide a new proof of the classical case when F is finite. If F is a finite field and IFI 54 4 or 7, then every element c E F can be expressed as a sum of two cubes: c = x3+y3 for some x, y E F. Furthermore such x, y exist with xy 54 0 in F provided IFI 54 4, 7, 13, 16. Versions of these results have appeared in various forms in the literature. For example, see [3 p. 95 and p. 104, 7, 8, and 9]. This theorem also follows from the known values of the cyclotomic numbers when e = 3, as given for example in [10, p. 35]. We present here a generalization to arbitrary fields. If F is a finite field where the multiplicative group F* has order divisible by 3, then the nonzero cubes F*3 form the unique subgroup of index 3 in F*. Theorem. Let G be a subgroup of index 3 in the multiplicative group F* of a field F. Then G+ G = F, except in the cases IFI = 4, 7, 13, or 16. The Theorem is proved in an elementary fashion, not using the classical results mentioned above. It is valid for fields of any cardinality and any characteristic.


The present study was taken up at College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India during 2018-2019, to study the combining ability of ten different lines of ridge gourd. They were mated diallel fashion excluding reciprocals and their forty five crosses were evaluated along with ten parents and two checks in Randomized block design (RBD) for fruit yield and quality attributing characters. Significant differences of analysis of variances due to GCA and SCA were observed for all the characters, it indicates predominance of non additive and additive gene action, that provides ample scope for heterosis breeding or direct selection. Out of the ten parents studied VRG-25 and VRG-24 were found to be good general combiners for fruit yield and quality characters. The cross combinations, VRG-25 x Swarna Manjari, VRG-14 x VRG-16, VRG-23 x VRG-16 showed highest significant positive heterosis as well as sca effects for number of fruits per vine. The cross combinations, VRG-24 x VRG-13, VRG-24 x VRG-16, Swarna Manjari x Arka Prasan and Swarna Manjari x VRG-16 exhibited significant sca effects and high per se performance for fruit yield per vine. The knowledge of combining ability helps in identifying good combiners for hybridization.


Afonne OJ, Orisakwe OE, Obi E, Dioka CE, Ndubuka GI. Nephrotoxic Actions of Low-Dose Mercury in Mice: Protection by Zinc. 57(2):98-102. Air Pollution and Hospital Emergency Room Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Valencia, Spain. Tenias JM, Ballester F, PCrez-Hoyos S, Rivera ML. 57(1):41-47. Allergic Susceptibility Associated with Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure: Clear as Mud. Polosa R, Salvi s, Di Maria GU. 57(3):18&93. Archive-a New Beginning Every Month, The (Editorial). Kilburn KH, Kirkpatrick DJ. 57(4):269. Assessment of Health Effects in New York City Firefighters after Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs): The Staten Island Transformer Fire Health Surveillance Project. Kelly KJ, Connelly E, Reinhold GA, Byrne M, Prezant DJ. 57(4):282-93. Assessment of Physical Education Time and After-School Outdoor Time in Elementary and Middle School Students in South Mexico City: The Dilemma between Physical Fitness and the Adverse Health Effects of Outdoor Pollutant Exposure. Villarreal-Calderon A, Acuiia H, Villarreal-Calderon J, Garduiio M, HenriquezRolddn CF, Calderon-Carciduetias L, Valencia-Salazar 'C. 57(5):450-60. Association between Petrochemical Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Taiwan. Yang C-Y, Cheng B-H, Hsu T-Y, Chuang H-Y, Wu T-N, Chen P-C. 57(5):461-65. Associations of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4.4 and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) 4.4 Blood Levels with Plasma IL-4. Daniel V, Huber W, Bauer K, Suesal C, Conradt C, Opelz G. 57(6):541-47.


The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the following conjecture of Fel'shtyn and Hill, which is a generalization of the classical Burnside theorem:
Let G be a countable discrete group, f its automorphism, R(f) the number of f-conjugacy classes (Reidemeister number), S(f):=# Fix (f^) the number of f-invariant equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations. If one of R(f) and S(f) is finite, then it is equal to the other.
This conjecture plays a very important role in the theory of twisted conjugacy classes having a long history and has very serious consequences in Dynamics, while its proof needs rather fine results from Functional and Non-commutative Harmonic Analysis. It was proved for finitely generated groups of type I in a previous paper.
In the present paper this conjecture is disproved for non-type I groups. More precisely, an example of a group and its automorphism is constructed such that the number of fixed irreducible representations is greater than the Reidemeister number. But the number of fixed finite-dimensional representations (i.e. the number of invariant finite-dimensional characters) in this example coincides with the Reidemeister number.


It is known that Hepatitis A is not a dangerous virus if individuals are infected by in early age, while it may be of high risk if individuals are infected after that, specially when there is a positive improvement in the hygiene around, that to say as hygiene gets more clean and health the probability of being infected in early age gets lower, which imply that individual may be under risk in future, Occupied Palestinian Territory (oPT) demonstrates a downward incidence rate of HAV up to the year 2002, when in this year a reverse trend commenced to instigate. This turning point re-opened the discussion on the feasibility, and efficiency, of introducing a vaccination programs against HAV, as this new trend was associated with a severe deterioration in the hygiene and all related socioeconomic conditions, the study aims to introduce an economic analysis of the most affordable, and economically-efficient, alternative to be adopted to manage HAV in the oPT. Based on cost-consequences analysis conducted from the societal perspective, the results show that an incremental strategy can serve well the Palestinian case; and we can say that A national strategy to incorporate HAV vaccine in the vaccination programs of the Ministry of Health according to a justified scope of priorities and coverage will assist in the process to prevent and control Hepatitis A through vaccination and improving the overall health conditions of the society.


This paper proposes a new exact simulation method, which simulates a realisation from a proposal density and then uses exact simulation of a Langevin diffusion to check whether the proposal should be accepted or rejected. Comparing to the existing coupling from the past method, the new method does not require constructing fast coalescence Markov chains. Comparing to the existing rejection sampling method, the new method does not require the proposal density function to bound the target density function. The new method is much more efficient than existing methods for certain problems. An application on exact simulation of the posterior of finite mixture models is presented.


This paper presents a new method for 3D face pose tracking in arbitrary illumination change conditions using color image and depth data acquired by RGB-D cameras (e.g., Microsoft Kinect, Asus Xtion Pro Live, etc.). The method is based on an optimization process of an objective function combining photometric and geometric energy. The geometric energy is computed from depth data while the photometric energy is computed at each frame by comparing the current face texture to its corresponding in the reference face texture defined in the first frame. To handle the effect of changing lighting condition, we use a facial illumination model in order to solve which lighting variations has to be applied to the current face texture making it as close as possible to the reference texture. We demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of our method in normal lighting conditions by performing a set of experiments on the Biwi Kinect head pose database. Moreover, the robustness to illumination changes is evaluated using a set of sequences for different persons recorded in severe lighting condition changes. These experiments show that our method is robust and precise under both normal and severe lighting conditions.


With the present study it is intended to examine the dumping in the European Community, as well as the way in which the development of international trade relations led to the necessity of the existence of these practices control which detract the international trade. Thus, the incorporation of the dumping by the European Community and as well as some data about the investigations and antidumping measures imposed by the same.

Key words: Dumping. Antidumping. International Trade. European Community.


In this article, the modern concepts of computer-aide d diagnosis (CAD), the methods of pulmonary nodule detection, and facts derived from the literature on the pulmonary nodule differential CAD are compiled in one source and described in some detail. Several issues in lung cancer (LC) epidemiology and early diagnosis are discussed. Analysis of research done so far shows evidence that various CAD systems can be successfully applied to chest radiographs, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These modalities can serve as useful potential alternative tools available to practicing m edical professionals performing routine diagnostics.


Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association of nutritional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among elderly Iranian residents. Methods We used the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to assess HRQOL among participants with normal nutrition status, at risk of malnutrition, and malnourished. Results Mean group scores for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-36 were 44, 36.5, and 29.0 for normal, at-risk, and malnourished groups, respectively; for the Mental Component Summary (MCS), these were 47.1, 40.7, and 34.8, respectively. The PCS and MCS displayed significant positive correlation with malnutrition in three models: crude (I); age- and sex-adjusted (II); and adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence. Standardized beta coefficients of PCS in Models I–III were 1.35, 1.27, and 1.14, respectively; for MCS, these were 1.11 in all three models; all results were statistically significant. Estimated results of logistic regression were −6.023 for malnourished versus well-nourished and −2.652 for malnourished versus at risk of malnutrition. Conclusion Our analyses revealed the crucial impact of nutritional status on both mental and physical components of HRQOL.


Danger-level analysis is widely used to prevent potential driving risks based on driving performance. Such analysis is essential for monitoring driver performance. Moreover, danger-level analysis is vital for automotive safety systems and driving assistance applications. However, danger-level analysis that simultaneously considers driver-, vehicle-, and road-related information from driving data has rarely been conducted. Such analysis is very challenging due to the issues associated with the high volume and high variety in multisourced driving data. In this paper, we propose a novel danger-level analysis framework for dealing with high variety and high volume problems of multisourced driving data. Built upon a feature extraction method in the proposed framework, we first profile multisourced driving features for overcoming the variety problem. Next, danger-level analysis is formulated as a multiobjective pursuit problem in a linear model. The problem is then solved using a semisupervised learning strategy to overcome the volume issue. Therefore, the danger level can be accurately estimated from multisourced driving data by using the proposed framework. The experimental results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms existing machine learning techniques for multisourced driving data.


The above newsprint quote is one of several that appeared in the British media in response to the draft guidelines by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). These draft guidelines, designed to address health services in local communities, include a discussion of the term 'obese', and advocate not using the term with patients, instead using terms such as 'healthier weight' (NICE, 2012). Debate about using 'obese' is between, on the one hand, those who advocate being upfront about obesity with the obese person, and on the other, those who propose that harm that may be done through using the term. What has been overlooked by both camps is that, as the papers in this special issue will variously argue, the outcry over obesity is a much more complex issue, and that there are very real and to us, disconcerting effects of the widespread obsession with obesity as a major public health issue. This contemporary 'obsession', we argue, reveals much about how weight and health are understood in this contemporary moment. As Gard and Wright (2005) state: