The present invention relates to a silicone resin sheet obtained by semi-curing a composition for a silicone resin, the composition including: (1) an organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenylsilyl groups in one molecule thereof; (2) an organopolysiloxane having at least two hydrosilyl groups in one molecule thereof; (3) a hydrosilylation catalyst; and (4) a curing retardant.


The Pierre Auger Observatory will study ultrahigh energy cosmic rays by measuring extensive air showers with both surface detectors and fluorescence detectors. The surface detectors are deployed on a 1.5-km triangular grid covering 3000 km and must operate with minimal maintenance for 20 years. Cylindrical water Cerenkov detectors of 12000 liters have been designed, fabricated, deployed, and operated in a modest engineering array. Refined through this experience, optimized versions of the surface detectors are now under construction and are being deployed to make up the full array of 1600 detectors. Each detector includes a rotationally molded polyethylene water tank that contains ultrapure water and photomultipliers for signal detection. The tank also serves as the main support and protective structure for the electronics, communications system, and solar power system. Among the virtues of the water Cerenkov detector are the ability to be calibrated by cosmic ray muons and a sensitivity to showers at very large zenith angles. Performance of the surface detectors exceeds our expectations. We discuss their design, construction and operation.


Process for producing a filter (10) for the adsorption of volatile hydrocarbons from a nonwoven material (20), the material comprising nonwoven (20) fibers are thermally fused, joining activated carbon particles to the fiber surface by a binder, comprising the fibers of at least one thermoplastic having a melting point or melting range above 200 ° C, giving a desired shape to the nonwoven (20) using an array (14) by applying pressure and a maximum temperature of 190 ° C, joining together a plurality of layers of nonwoven material (20) by applying pressure and temperature, compacted both the nonwoven material (20) to give way to least one first area (22) held thereby form compacted and less in at least a second area (24) to allow thereby a better adsorption in the second area (24).


Experienced clinicians have believed for some time that aggressive immune suppression and thymectomy may help to prevent myasthenic crisis (MC) when implemented early in the course of myasthenia gravis (MG) [1]. Beginning in the late 1960s, mortality in MG declined significantly in parallel with adoption of longterm immune modulating therapies in one large cohort [2]. The incidence of MC has varied markedly between reported series, ranging from 8% [3] to 53% [4], and it has been suggested that this variability may owe to different treatment approaches [5]. Whether or not an initial MC defines a subgroup of patients with more refractory disease has also been an unsettled issue [5]. In their recent case–control trial, Rózsa et al. assessed patients at their institution experiencing an index episode of MC for recurrence of MC [6]. Prior to 1997, their institutional practice for treating MG involving MC had been to limit use of immune modulators to corticosteroids administered in the ICU setting. In 1997, their practice philosophy changed so that patients received prednisolone and azathioprine on a long-term basis beginning at the time of their index MC. The adoption of this new institutional practice facilitated comparison of 27 MC patients not treated with chronic immune modulation (non-IM) from 1990 to 1997 with 42 MC patients receiving a long-term regimen of prednisolone and azathioprine (PR-AZA) from 1997 to 2004. Both groups received an average of five PEX during the index MC, and were subsequently followed for an average of more than 5 years for recurrent MC. Although the degree of experimental control and bias would have been more ideal in a prospective, randomized design, the two different practices at a single institution provided a good opportunity to assess the effect of long-term immune suppression on recurrent MC. Unfortunately, the protocol did not standardize the timing of thymectomy, so it is difficult to determine whether and to what degree that thymectomy influenced the study outcomes. Both groups appeared relatively matched in terms of severity and distribution by MGFA Clinical Classification [7] prior to the index MC. Not unexpectedly, Rózsa et al. demonstrated a marked overall reduction in recurrent MC in the PRAZA group (19%) compared with the non-IM group (74%). At >6 months following the index MC, a single recurrent MC was recorded in the PR-AZA group (2%), whilst the non-IM group experienced a recurrent MC frequency of 44%. Secondary outcomes including number of ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation episodes were also significantly reduced in the PR-AZA group. Recurrent MC in the PR-AZA group were not significantly reduced until 6 months beyond the index MC, possibly attributing to the delayed onset of clinical effect of azathioprine in MG. In two previous, large, longitudinal series of MC, about 40% of patients experienced a second MC [8,9]. Whilst series of MC from the 1970s and 1980s report intervals of 21 months [10] to 5–6 years [3,4] from the earliest symptoms of MG to the development of MC, a series from the 1990s reports a much shorter mean interval of 8 months between MG symptom onset and initial MC. This shorter interval was attributed to improved disease control, presumably owing to immune modulation, with a corresponding reduction of patients with more longstanding MG experiencing MC [8]. The findings of Rózsa et al. provide a persuasive argument to support the early use of immune modulators following an initial MC to prevent a recurrent MC. Many clinicians suspect that early and aggressive immune modulation in MG may serve to prevent an initial MC. Although the findings of Rózsa et al. do not directly address this issue, their data indicate that use of immune modulation can reduce the incidence of MC. Additionally, as most patients treated with immune modulation will not experience recurrent MC, a single, initial MC event is not necessarily indicative of refractory disease. Although there remains debate regarding whether patients with limited forms of MG (e.g., ocular MG) should receive chronic immune modulation, clinical experience and the recent findings of Rózsa suggest that long-term immune modulation improves the natural history of MG by reducing the incidence of recurrent MC. In light of such findings, it will be ethically difficult to justify designing future trials in generalized MG with natural history groups that do not receive some sort of immune modulation. As the sole immune modulating strategy assessed by this study was combination therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine, there remains a need for additional prospective, randomized trials to assess and compare the effects of other immune modulating treatments on recurrent MC. Beyond a reduction in the number of MC events, the degree to which early and aggressive immune modulation improves the natural history of MG remains to be demonstrated by future prospective, randomized trials that assess a range of MG outcome measures.


Cloud computing is an emergent technology in computer science. To provide high performance for servers, how the resources are scheduled is an important issue in cloud computing. To solve this problem, many load-balancing resource scheduling strategies have been designed. In this paper, a brief survey of these algorithms is provided, including static load-balancing strategies, dynamic load-balancing strategies, hybrid dynamic load-balancing strategies and intelligent load-balancing strategies.


Traditional literacy practices using print-based texts exclude students with complex support needs from the full range of literacy activities provided to peers without disabilities, which may limit them to low-level literacy skills or functional skills. By contrast, by including various forms of representation and text, multiliteracies are uniquely positioned to address the literacy development of students with complex support needs. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in student engagement, teacher–student interaction, staff and parent perceptions, and self-advocacy opportunities created during the implementation of multiliteracies with students with complex support needs. In a public high school classroom in northern California with a teacher and six paraeducators, two students with complex support needs created a multimodal book to present as student input at their individualized education program meetings. The book included the students' favorite images of family and school, videos and images of their favorite activities at home and school, an identity chart with adjectives that best described them, a description of their strengths, and a transition plan describing what they wanted to do after school. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data collected through interviews, observations, and video and audio recordings. Data suggested that multiliteracies' pedagogy created new learning spaces, empowering teacher–student interactions, and student self-advocacy.


The invention belongs to the field of creation of new crop germplasm, and relates to a distant hybridization technology and a conventional field hybridization technology in brassica of brassicaceae, in particular to a method for creating a new yellow-seeded brassica napus germplasm. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a Chinese cabbage (genome is AA, and n is equal to 10) with yellow seed property and a wild cabbage (genome is CC, and n is equal to 9) with yellow seed property as parents; hybridizing the Chinese cabbage with the wild cabbage, and obtaining allotetraploid hybrid seedlings, namely the brassica napus (genome is AACC, and n is equal to 19) by utilizing an embryo rescue technology and a chromosome doubling technology; harvesting seeds after open pollination during a blooming period; and planting the allotetraploid hybrid seedlings in a field in the next year, hybridizing by manually bagging every two single plants during the blooming period and then harvesting seeds, screening plants with yellow seeds and finally obtaining the yellow-seeded brassica napus germplasm by adopting a pedigree selection method. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency and short breeding period, and the obtained yellow-seeded germplasm can be used for breeding a yellow-seeded brassica napus variety.


This paper provide the way of finding the legitimacy of a packet by analyzing the number of hops that packet gone through before reaching at the destination. Problem with IP packet is that the contents of the packet can be changed easily. This is called IP spoofing, which is being very much used in Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. they are very hard to detect, there is no comprehensive solution.
 But attacker cannot control hop count. Since after sending the packet, he can not tamper TTL field, which is modified by every hop. By generating an IP to Hop-Count mapping table and inspecting it, spoofed packets can be identified. It is called HCF (Hop Count Filter). It is used to classify legitimate and spoofed packets with little collateral damage. HCF causes delay in critical path of packet processing in the kernel because of enormous IP2HC mapping table. This overhead is reduced by identifying the attackers in learning state and then drop spoofed packets in filtering state. It is implemented in the Linux kernel so as to reduce the CPU overhead in terms of interrupts which saves the resources.


Under limited parallelism, processes competing for a single processor may issue at any time operations on remote co-processors, during which the processor is not idled but granted to other ready processes instead. We reduce the pessimism in existing worst-case response time (WCRT) analysis for such systems by examining temporal patterns of local/remote execution. We extend to multi-CPU variants of the model and offer a WCRT-based feasibility test for symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) systems.


The structure of rodent communities was investigated and analyzed by Trap_night method in Urumqi July in 1997.Four rodent species were captured and divided into two communities:(1)Rattus norvigicus+Mus musculus community (2) Mus musculus +C.migratorious community.The species diversity index and evenness index were calculated.


An increasing number of people view their pets as family members and the death of a pet often induces a grief reaction of comparable severity to the loss of a significant human relationship. Yet, despite similar levels of grief, the death of a pet typically does not involve similar rituals that allow owners to express their grief. This study was designed to better understand how people memorialize their pets through the use of continuing bonds (CB) expressions, as well as their choices pertaining to after-death body care, decisions related to taking time off work following the death, the impact of their religious beliefs on memorialization choices, and how their veterinarian responded to the death. An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was distributed to pet owners who had experienced the loss of a companion animal, resulting in 517 responses, most of whom were White (86%), female (91%) and resided in the United States (87%). We found that choices regarding the expression of CB in response to pet death are similar to those witnessed after human loss. This study is one of the first to identify the wide array of pet owners' choices regarding memorialization and emphasizes the importance of recognizing individual choices. These results suggest that it is essential that those grieving the death of their pet be supported and reassured that there is no right or wrong way to grieve, with all options recognized as legitimate in the experience and expression of one's grief.


Tom R. Burns graduated in physics with distinction from Stanford Uni: versity (1959). After graduate studies in economics and sociology at Warsaw University and in sociology at Stanford, he received a Ph.D. in Sociology at Stanford (1969). Burns is presently Professor of Sociology at the University of Uppsala, Sweden and during 1985 Research Fellow at the Science Center Berlin. His research has focused on the development of the theory of actor-system dynamics with applications to economics, socio-political and organizational analyses. Recent publications include Man, Decisions, Society (1985) and The Shaping of Socio-economic Systems (1984). His current work is a book, The Shaping of Social Organization: Introduction to Rule System Theory with Applications (Sage, London, 1986).


Session Initiation Protocol has been a hot issue in implementation of VoIP systems as its simpleness, flexibility and high-scalability, but the unreliability of SIP communications has affected the QoS of SIP Session. In order to improve the reliability of SIP communications, a solution of SIP fault-tolerant mechanism was introduced in this paper. It contained two aspects, one was SUA (State Update Algorithm) which used for producing and sharing Session State Message in server, and the other one is LRSA (Listen Retransmission Switch Algorithm) which used for switching SIP request to one certain server. This paper also have validated and analyzed the SIP fault tolerant mechanism by experiment. According to the result of the experiment, it shows that fault-tolerant mechanism based on SIP can improve the reliability of SIP communications.


A summary is given of the results of radiation and combined treatment of 75 keloids with radon preparations, radioactive cobalt, and gold. The best results were obtained in treating postoperative keloids (out of 8 cases, good results were seen in 6 and satisfactory in 1 patient) and spontaneous keloids (out of 12 patients, good results were obtained in 8 and satisfactory in 3 cases). The results were somewhat inferior in the group of spontaneous keloids treated by excision prior to the radiation therapy (out of 15 patients, good results were obtained in 3 and satisfactory in 6 patients). Radiation therapy proved to be the least effective in keloids resulting from burn (out of 18 patients, satisfactory results were seen in 10 cases and good in 1 patient). Good cosmetic effect in treatment of keloids rising considerably above the skin surface was reached only in combined therapy. The most favorable results were obtained with a dose of 4,000 r, the dose rate being 70 to 100 r/hr, with fractional irradiation. (auth)


This paper proposed a VLSI implementation of the continuous wavelet transform.The proposed approach consists of generating a chain of wavelets by multiplying two periodic functions.Each wavelet is then multiplied by the signal to be analyzed,and integrated and time-frequency decomposition of signal,i.e.partial zoom of the analyzed signal can be gained.The multiplier is a InP HBT Gilbert multiplier,and the low-pass filter is a companding log-domain circuit.In the paper first used current-mode companding circuit technology to implement 1-D continuous wavelet transform,which has a characteristic of high-speed,expanded frequency,simplified and low-voltage low-power.The PSPICE and Matlab simulation of the reconstruction and the basic cell such as multiplier and LPF are given.The results show that the continuous wavelet transform companding circuit proposed in the article is feasible.


The present invention relates to a method of using a semiconductor processing composition comprising at least one compound containing at least one amidoxime functional group and these compounds in semiconductor processing. The present invention also provides, (a) cyanoethylation catalyst, by mixing the nucleophile and α- unsaturated nitrile, process and to produce a cyanoethylation product; a (b) a cyano group of the cyanoethylation product amidoxime also described the preparation of amidoxime for semiconductor processing comprising the step of converting the functional group.


There are a number of features of agriculture in contemporary Australia that few farmers, social scientists, environmentalists, or even economists, would dispute. Farm numbers are dropping, tightening terms of trade necessitate constant productivity gains, and there is an increasing awareness of widespread and massive land degradation. Despite periodic forecasts of improving commodity prices, most farms remain unprofitable (Beare, 1995), and many face severe financial difficulty. Declining rural populations lead further to rationalisation of services in both the public and private sectors, and reduced accessibility to these services for those who remain on the land or in small country towns, often when they are needed the most (Lawrence and Williams, 1990; Stone, 1992).


Plagiarism is a vexing issue for Higher Education, affecting student transition, retention, and attainment. This article reports on two initiatives from the University of Bradford library aimed at reducing student plagiarism. The first initiative is an intensive course for students who have contravened plagiarism regulations. The second course introduces new students to the concepts surrounding plagiarism with the aim to prevent plagiarism breaches. As the Plagiarism Avoidance for New Students course was introduced there has been a significant drop in students referred to the disciplinary program. This article discusses the background to both courses and the challenges of implementation.


Vertically arrayed ZnO nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method on homo‐seed layers deposited using a sol‐gel process and heat‐treated at various temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C in air. The effect of the annealing temperatures on nanorod formation was investigated. With increasing temperature, the microstructure of the ZnO seed layers changed from nanocrystals to coarse polycrystals with a preferred orientation, which led to an increase in the length and diameter of the hydrothermally grown nanorods. The ZnO nanorods, based on a solution process, exhibited deep‐level emission in the orange‐red region related with hydroxyl group reactions, while the thermally treated seed layers showed oxygen vacancy‐related emission. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An magnified image enhancement algorithm is presented in this study. Image interpolation is an important image magnification tool, but the magnified image has not been changed by the traditional image interpolation methods even if the magnified image is not satisfaction. Basically, the interpolating surface is determined uniquely for the given interpolating data. Namely the interpolating surface (magnified image) is fixed when the interpolating data (gray value of original image) is given. If the magnified image needs to be enhanced, another enhancement method must be chosen after image magnifying. The image magnification and enhancement are separated. The image natural attribute will be effected. To overcome the disadvantages of the traditional methods, a new method which combined the image magnification and enhancement is proposed. A bivariate rational interpolation with parameters is used in the algorithm. The value of the interpolating function at any point in the interpolating region can be modified under the condition that the interpolating data are not changed by selecting the suitable parameters. Using the surface control, the enlarged image enhancement is implemented. The experiment shows that the algorithm is efficient.


Electrochemical measurements of the local wall shear were made along the inner bend of a curved pipe in the entry region, to examine the nature of the secondary-flow boundary-layer collision. Analysis by Stewartson, Cebeci & Chang (1980) predicts a vanishing of the wall shear at the collision point, but without flow reversal. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical predictions upstream of the collision point, and its location appears to be predicted accurately. However, downstream of the collision point agreement is poor.


Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a very promising cryptographic method, offering the same security level as traditional public key cryptosystems (RSA, El Gamal) but with considerably smaller key lengths. To increase the performance of an EC Cryptosystem, dedicated hardware is employed for all EC point operations. However, the computational complexity and hardware resources of an Elliptic Curve processing unit are very high and depend on the efficient design of the Elliptic Curvepsilas underlined GF(2k) Field. In this paper, we propose an EC arithmetic unit that is structured over a high peformance, low gate number GF(2k) arithmetic unit. This proposed GF(2k) arithmetic unit is based on one dimensional systolic architecture that can perform GF(2k) multiplication and inversion with only the performance cost of inversion. This is achieved by utilizing a multiplication/inversion algorithm based on the modified extended Euclidean algorithm.


This article examines experiences of men who are victims of gender-based violence where women are perpetrators. There are masculinity expectations that if a man is in pain, he is not allowed to show his agony or cry in public, as suggested in the Sepedi proverb Monna ke nku o llela teng. These expectations make it difficult for male victims of domestic violence to report the abuse. Gender-based violence has to do with the abuse that is suffered by partners who are in relationships. This violence includes, but is not limited to physical, sexual, psychological, economic harm, and includes actions such as threats and coercion. Men usually do not speak out about their experiences due to the stigma attached to them being victims of female-perpetrated domestic abuse, as this study has shown. This article is based on the study of men who reported their experiences of abuse at the hands of their partners. The study was conducted in Vuwani within the Makhado Local Municipality, Vhembe District in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The data showed that male victims of domestic violence are reluctant to speak out about their ordeal due to fear of being ridiculed by significant others in the society, such as their family members, peers and police officials.


Bipolar transplantation of vascularized pedicle flaps from the latissimus dorsalis to the deltoid region was done in 25 children between the ages of 2 and 14 years. All had sequela of obstetrical brachial plexus paralysis with various degrees of internal rotation contracture. Pre-operative limitation of active abduction ranged 0 to 80 degrees (mean=56 degrees). Muscle transplantation was supplemented in all cases by other musculotendinous and osteoarticular procedures. The surgical procedure and postoperative management are described in detail. All children showed improvement of arm function and shoulder range of motion. Post-operatively, active abduction was 20 to 170 degrees (mean=131 degrees). Internal rotation contracture was reduced and active external rotation was ebabled. There were two complications: one necrosis of the pedicle flap and one traction neuritis of the brachial plexus.


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Thyroid function was measured in 60 day-old male rats fed one of the following diets at the 10% protein level: water-extracted rapeseed meal (DRSM) that contained 0.2% of the goitrogen VTO; untreated rapeseed meal (RSM) containing 5,5% VTO and a casein control diet. Plasma levels of TSH, T3 and T4 were measured after 10, 30 and 60 days when groups of animals were killed and their thyroid was dissected, weighed and processed for histologic studies. Weights of the gland of animals fed DRSM was always normal, with mild histologic signs of stimulation. Plasma T4 levels were also normal, RSM increased gland weight and induced histologic changes suggestive of strong stimulation. T4 levels was decreased at all time intervals. Animals fed DRSM and RSM showed an increase of T3 on day 30. Values were normal on day 60. There is no clear explanation for this observation. Plasma TSH was always normal in all animals. The expected increase of TSH in RSM-fed animals was not detected. The normalcy of plasma T4 and thyroid weight and histology in animals fed DRSM further supports previous evidence about the possibilities of using it in animal husbandry in concentrations higher than those used hereto. It may even have applications in human diets.


In the last decades, prosperous regions in Europe have experienced a tremendous rate of urbanization. In spite of considerable research efforts in the last decades, the socio–psychological implications of urbanization are still poorly understood. This paper aims to systematically determine the influence of urbanization on the relationships between inhabitants and their residential environment including their place attachment, place-satisfaction, civic participation, and proximity behavior. To achieve these goals, standardized cross-sectional questionnaires were administered to random samples (N = 1200 each) of the residential population in four study areas in Switzerland, which represent rural, peri-urban, suburban, and urban stages of urbanization. Statistical analysis revealed that place attachment was mainly influenced by the inhabitants' good experiences in the place, their sense of local community, their local social contacts, and the level of urbanization. A structural equation model (SEM) further showed that the degree of urbanization of the setting had a direct negative influence on place attachment, while place attachment appeared to be a key moderator of, and a main driver for, place-satisfaction, civic participation, and proximity behavior. A key to reducing negative impacts of urbanization is therefore to offer optimal opportunities for access to appropriate public places


A vertical cylinder type transistor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve punch through and channel carrier mobility due to single channel effect by easily controlling length and width of a channel. A silicone substrate layer(20), a plurality of source forming layers, and a plurality of first cylinder columns are formed. A part of the source forming layer is removed, and a second cylinder column and a source electrode(24) are formed. A first silicone oxide film is formed on a surface of the source electrode. A gate insulating film surrounding the second cylinder column is formed. A gate electrode(32) is formed. A third cylinder column is formed by using a part of the second cylinder column. A semiconductor oxide film is formed by oxidizing the third cylinder column. A silicone nitride film is formed as height of the semiconductor oxide film. A dummy space is formed inside the silicone nitride film by removing the semiconductor oxide film. A semiconductor film is formed on a surface of the second silicone nitride film and inside the dummy space. A drain electrode(40) is formed by patterning the semiconductor film.


in most discussions of fallacy. Further, the book will be very useful for anyone who is working with the complex argument of the Dialogue; the numerous tables, charts, and diagrams, and the concordance between Favaro and both the Drake and de Santillana translations will ensure this. I must admit that I found this book hard to read because of the patronizing way in which the author usually treats other scholars. He introduces virtually every contemporary who has had anything to say about the Dialogue, but in each case, it is not to draw on thejr work, but to show (usually on the basis of a few quotations) that they have missed the point. He even theorizes about why "classic Galileo scholarship" has failed (p. 224) and concludes that "more than mere erudition and scholarship is needed (on the part of historians) when the subject matter is the kind of logical practice found in Galileo's Dialogue" (p. 253). Philosophers have been equally unsuccessful; because "no one" has studied the philosophical dimension of the Dialogue systematically, "even the best scholars have misinterpreted its philosophical content or failed to appreciate its true philosophical significance" (p. 23). I do not find these sweeping claims adequately substantiated in the text. The unrelentingly critical intent of the author detracts significantly from the book, the merits of which as a thorough logical analysis of the Dialogue did not require this sort of highlighting. The author makes much of the necessity of a "Principle of Charity" in reading Galileo, and he claims to employ it "everywhere in my analysis" (p. 341). Would that it had been extended to authors other than Galileo!


We examined the relationship between nest site availability and density of secondary cavitynesting birds by blocking cavities in an oak-pine (Quercus spp.-Pinus sp.) woodland. In 1986 and 1987 we blocked 67 and 106 cavities, respectively, on a 37-ha plot. The combined density of secondary cavity-nesting birds did not decline in either year by a greater proportion on the treatment plot than on a control plot, indicating that cavities were not limiting. In habitats where timber management has not substantially reduced availability of natural cavities, managers should not assume nest site limitation; natural nest site availability should be evaluated before implementing nestbox programs designed to increase populations of secondary cavity-nesting birds. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 54(2):239-245 Knowledge of factors that limit species' abundances is needed to formulate management guidelines and to predict effects of habitat alteration. Nest site limitation of secondary cavity-nesting birds (SCNB), i.e., cavity nesters that do not excavate their own cavity, is often assumed rather than hypothesized (e.g., von Haartman 1957, Hilden 1965, Thomas et al. 1979). In his paper on the evolution of the cavity-nesting habit in birds, von Haartman (1957: 339) stated, "In the case of hole-nesters it seems obvious that the number of holes, and not the amount of food, mostly acts as an ecological limiting factor, determining the maximum number of nesting pairs.", Much of the evidence indicating nest site limitation has come from European nestbox studies (see von Haartman 1971 for review). Bruns (1960) reported that densities of some European SCNB species have been increased 5-20 times by adding nestboxes. Natural nest site availability throughout much of Europe, however, has been substantially reduced by long-term intensive forest management (Bruns 1960, Haapanen 1965, Slagsvold 1978). Many North American studies have documented nestbox use (e.g., Hamerstrom et al. 1973, McComb and Noble 1981, Savard 1988). However, we are aware of few controlled nestbox experiments, i.e., studies in which preand posttreatment densities were estimated from bo h treatment and control plots (Brush 1983, Brawn and Balda 1988). Dahlsten and Copper (1979) also used nestboxes to study population characteristics of SCNB's, but they did not obtain premanipulation estimates of abundance on nestbox and control plots. Nestbox use does not necessarily indicate nest site limitation; use can be merely compensatory rather than additive (see van Balen et al. 1982, Nilsson 1984a, Gauthier and Smith 1987). Our objective was to test the hypothesis that breeding densities of SCNB's are limited by nest site availability at a site where the number of cavities was essentially unaffected by man. Rather than test the hypothesis by increasing n t site availability with nestboxes, we reduced ne t site availability by blocking cavities. D. A. Duncan provided much support and assistance throughout this study. We thank J. C. Lovio and B. R. North who censused the plots in 1987. Thanks also to S. P. Duncan and W. A. Patrick at the San Joaquin Experimental Range and J. D. Stuart at Humboldt State University. Our study was partially funded by the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, the California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program, the North American Bluebird Society, and Sigma


Amantadine-induced corneal epithelial disease has been reported less frequently than corneal edema. We report an elderly patient with Parkinson's disease who developed superficial punctate keratitis, corneal epithelial hypertrophy, and visual disturbance following treatment with amantadine. The symptoms and signs resolved completely on discontinuation of amantadine.


Surfactants with ionic or polar head groups and extended apolar groups form micelles in water with hydrocarbon-like interiors and ionic or polar groups at the surface and bind ionic and nonionic solutes. They act as reaction regions, i.e., as pseudophases distinct from the bulk solvent, and can accelerate or inhibit reactions, depending on rate constants and reactant concentrations in the two regions. Theoretical treatments and experimental evidence of reactant partitioning between water and micelles allow estimation of rate constants in the micellar pseudophase for both uni-and bimolecular reactions, provided that they are slower than reactant transfers between water and micelles, but some treatments apply only to dilute electrolyte. Competition between reactive and inert ions inhibits bimolecular ionic reactions and is treated by ion-exchange equations and some local ionic concentrations can be estimated by dediazonization trapping or physical methods. Ionic micelles affect rates of unimolecular and bimolecular watercatalyzed reactions because the reaction region at the micelle-water interface is less polar than water. Zwitterionic micelles have no net charge but they interact with ions, although ion-binding is weaker than with ionic micelles and there are limitations in the use of the theoretical treatments applied to ionic micelles. Micelles can control product composition, but product isolation limits use of surfactants in some reactions


We demonstrate a portable PCB prototype of a potentiostat capable of driving an 80-electrode sensor array with 5 readout channels. Controlled by a MATLAB graphical user interface, the system demonstrates real-time data acquisition and achieves similar performance to a commercial potentiostat based on electrochemical validation.


The present work calculates the bulk compositions of the earth and moon, based on the assumption that these planets formed by the same processes as chondrites. In terms of the model presented, the earth contains 9.2% early condensate and 1.5% carbonaceous, volatile-rich silicate. For the moon these percentages are 30.1 and 0.04, respectively. When lunar and terrestrial basalt data are normalized to these model compositions, element abundance patterns based on the percentages (assuming that each component carried its cosmic complement of trace elements) demonstrate the essential identity of igneous processes on both celestial bodies.


In paper we present two case studies of the wireless dispatching communications. The first one aims at providing voice service and FM radio broadcasting during mass events of the "Lednica 2000" Youth Meetings. The presentation is supported by over 20-year experience in organization of this event every year. In the second use study we analyze evolution of the dispatching networks in the energy sector. These networks can be used by PPDR agencies in the situation of disasters and other crisis occurrences.


as this, must not detract attention from the shortand medium-range goals that must be met in the immediate future, such as those put forward in the Strategy. In the long run, however, a totally new approach to the problems of development seems mandatory to me. It would seem to be based on a number of apparently quite independent, yet convergent trends and evolutions. Before dealing with the proposal itself, I shall briefly survey these trends. 1) While foreign aid will probably grow during the next years, it will, by itself, not basically alter the problem. Foreign aid is a stop-gap solution, nothing else. It is not so much the quantity of foreign aid that is in question at the moment as it is the quality: i.e., the very concept of foreign aid ac a basis for economic development. A shift from bilateral to multilateral aid would not basically change the situation. Undoubtedly it would remove certain political inconveniences; yet 'aid' would still be 'external', it still would come from 'rich' to 'poor' nations. In this sense it still would be bilateral.


In the new situation,periodical editing refers to the creator and promoter of advanced culture,which takes a number of social responsibility.Based on authors'work experiences for many years,the article puts forward their understandings on the relations that are needed to be solved in editing work.


Microstructured fibers for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation are developed using tellurite glasses. We demonstrate low threshold single-mode supercontinuum generation by using a nanowire with long suspended struts under the pump of a picosecond fiber laser.


Date of Publication: 06 March 2019 The aim was to study exogenous GB on cold resistance of Phoebe microphylla. Taking one-year-old Phoebe microphylla seedlings as materials, effects of different concentrations (50. 100. 150 mmol·L-1) exogenous GB on cold resistance of Phoebe microphylla under low temperature. Under low temperature stress, foliar spraying of different concentrations GB significantly decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content, Relative conductivity, and increased chlorophyll, Soluble protein, Soluble sugar, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in Phoebe microphylla. Among 3 kinds of GB concentrations, 150 mmol·L-1 GB was the best for Phoebe microphylla on cold resistance. A certain concentration GB preprocessing mitigates the harm of low temperature stress on Phoebe microphylla seedling, and improves their ability of cold resistance. Keywords


The aquatic resources of the Mekong River are importance to supporting the livelihoods of a large percentage of 60 million who live along the Lower Mekong Basin. Ecotoxicology of copper on tropical freshwater biota was studied using field-collected water from 2 local sites along Lower Mekong Basin in Cambodia, which had two different water dissolved organic carbon (5.74 mg/L DOC and 1.12 mg/L DOC). In this study, US EPA method was used for the acute toxicity with two different water DOC on Chironomid (Chironomus javanus) and fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to modify the effecting of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on copper toxicity. The result showed that the LC50 with 95% confidence limit obtained were 742 μg/L in Chironomid and 853μg/L in Nile tilapia with high (5.74 mg/L DOC), respectively. In term of low (1.12 mg/L DOC) test water, the LC50 with 95% confidence limit obtained were 707μg/L in Chironomid and 397μg/L in Nile tilapia, respectively. The mortalities for both species increased with increasing copper concentration and the LC50 values decreased, indicating more toxicity on Nile tilapia and Chironomid. This gave an order of toxicity of copper in water with low DOC > water with high DOC at the 96hr LC50. DOC appears to provide protection against Cu toxicity in the freshwater by complexing between free copper and DOC. The present study indicated that water chemistry parameters can influence copper toxicity to tropical freshwater biota. Exposure of the test species to this series of laboratory experiments has provided useful data for determine the risk of copper in Mekong river water.


The frequency of nest destruction by the long-billed marsh wren (Telmatodytes palustris palustris) and the stimuli eliciting it were examined by experimentally offering marsh wrens different nests with eggs or nestlings. Marsh wrens of both sexes, as well as juveniles, attacked any type of eggs in any type of nest, including those of conspecifics; they attacked them regardless of where the nests were placed. Nestlings of redwing blackbirds and marsh wrens were also attacked.It is suggested that nest destruction by marsh wrens has evolved as an interference mechanism to reduce possible interspecific competition. Through this behaviour marsh wrens most likely exclude redwing blackbirds and possibly some other marsh nesting species from certain parts of marsh nesting areas.


This paper presents burial customs at Atlit-Yam, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic C (8170-7460 B.P.; 7253-6212 cal B.C.) settlement submerged off the Carmel coast of Israel. This is the first Pre-Pottery Neolithic C (PPNC) site on the Mediterranean coast to yield a significant number of human burials. Human bones were revealed in 91 different locations at the site, of which 46 were recognized as graves dug into the clay. Most burials (70 percent) were located in specific areas, adjacent to walls or installations. No grave showed evidence of stone construction or surface marking. Grave goods were found in 15 burials. Important elements of Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) burial practices such as plastered skulls were not seen in Atlit-Yam. This possibly reflects a new world view and may have to do with the disintegration of the PPNB cultural system and the rise of localized small-scale, well-adapted communities in the PPNC.


Proponents of the concept of learning disabilities (LD) assume that students classified as LD and those with IQ-achievement discrepancies have more severe native language and foreign language learning problems than students not classified as LD. Two studies that included high school students classified as "at-risk" for learning a foreign language (FL) investigated these assumptions. The first study compared "at-risk" students classified as learning disabled (LD) with "at-risk" students not classified as LD. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups on measures of native language skill, FL aptitude, and FL learning and proficiency. The second study examined only the students classified as LD and compared students with and without discrepancies between their scores on measures of intelligence (IQ) and academic achievement. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups on measures of FL learning and proficiency. Findings suggest that students classified as LD and non-LD do not exhibit cognitive, academic achievement, and FL aptitude differences, or differences in their FL learning and proficiency after two years of FL study. The findings of both studies are contrary to the LD concept. The studies demonstrate the importance of providing verifiable evidence to substantiate claims that a student meets criteria for classification as LD. Implications focus on use of the LD label and IQ-achievement discrepancies for determining which students may have problems with FL learning.


Direct diode laser will become much more prevalent in the solar system of manufacturing due to their high efficiency, small portable size, unique beam profiles, and low ownership costs. There has been many novel applications described for high power direct diode laser [HPDDL] systems but few have been implemented in extreme production environments due to diode and diode system reliability. We discuss several novel applications in which the HPDDL have been implemented and proven reliable and cost-effective in production environments. These applications are laser hardening/surface modification, laser wire feed welding and laser paint stripping. Each of these applications uniquely tests the direct diode laser systems capabilities and confirms their reliability in production environments. A comparison of the advantages direct diode laser versus traditional industrial lasers such as CO2 and Nd:YAG and non-laser technologies such a RF induction, and MIG welders for each of these production applications is presented.


The main goal of this work is the design and practical implementation of an application that can back up to cloud services. The application is written in WPF using the c # programming language and the Singleton, DI, MVVM design patterns are practically implemented. Part of the thesis is also a theoretical description of backups and cloud storages, together with a description of the implementation of the structures and user interface of the application, which can also serve as a user guide.


This paper presents details of a largely qualitative evaluation of an intensive multi-method Project, with a residential component, which aims to help families facing eviction to overcome their housing-related difficulties. The families served by the Project had a host of other problems related to parenting, with child care and protection issues, addictions and mental health difficulties figuring prominently. Just over half the referrals came from the local authority housing services, with nearly all the remainder coming from the social work department. The majority of families made good progress, but in some cases it proved harder to have an impact on parenting than on tenancy-related matters. Nevertheless, the Project was deemed to have helped some families stay together or be reunited, resulting in substantial financial savings for social work services. Crucial ingredients were good management, stable staff, shared 'ownership' by other agencies, a repertoire of challenging methods, and a holistic approach.


The present work establishes a new synthetic route that leads to substituted azolium salts. The base stable 1-(4-bromo-2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidine and 1,3-bis(4-bromo-2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidine were synthesized and the 4-Br substituents converted into various functional groups through Br/Li exchange or Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, and vinylation). The substituted imidazolidines were oxidized, by using chloranil or N-bromosuccinimide, to provide the respective azolium salts, which are convenient precursors to N-heterocyclic carbenes.


In previous work [GIKW21], we have presented evidence from numerical simulations that the Type-II singularities of mean curvature flow (MCF) of rotationally-symmetric, complete, noncompact embedded hypersurfaces constructed in [IW19, IWZ21] are stable. More precisely, it is shown in that paper that for small rotationally-symmetric perturbations of initial embeddings near the"tip", numerical simulations of MCF of such initial embeddings develop the same Type-II singularities with the same"bowl soliton"blowup behaviors in a neighborhood of the singularity. It is also shown in that work that for small rotationally-symmetric perturbations of the initial embeddings that are sufficiently far away from the tip, MCF develops Type-I"neckpinch"singularities. In this work, we again use numerical simulations to show that MCF subject to initial perturbations that are not rotationally symmetric behaves asymptotically like it does for rotationally-symmetric perturbations. In particular, if we impose sinusoidal angular dependence on the initial embeddings, we find that for perturbations near the tip, evolutions by MCF asymptotically lose their angular dependence -- becoming round -- and develop Type-II bowl soliton singularities. As well, if we impose sinusoidal angular dependence on the initial embeddings for perturbations sufficiently far from the tip, the angular dependence again disappears as Type-I neckpinch singularities develop. The numerical analysis carried out in this work is an adaptation of the"overlap"method introduced in [GIKW21] and permits angular dependence.


In 1990, term limit advocates began their campaign to limit congressional terms by changing state laws, amending state constitutions, and passing state ballot initiatives, rather than by amending the U.S. Constitution. Their strategy was to circumvent the more difficult and time consuming amendment process at the federal level and go directly to the voters and legislatures of each state. By mid-1995, voters or legislatures in 23 states had approved congressional term limits. In 1995, however, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state-imposed limits on congressional tenure violate the Constitution and that term limits can only be set through passage and ratification of an amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Since then, term limit supporters have pressed Congress to propose a constitutional amendment and encouraged state legislatures to pass resolutions calling on Congress to propose a constitutional amendment. Since the 1996 general election, some proponents of a national constitutional convention to consider term limits have redirected their activities toward pressing Congress to propose an amendment limiting House Members to three terms (6 years) and Senate Members to two terms (12 years). Some term limit advocates are also working to elect more candidates who pledge to limit themselves to three House terms and two Senate terms.


Objective To study the heat shock protein 47 ( HSP 47 ) andtype Ⅰ ,Ⅲ collagen relevance expression in keloid tissue. Methods USE immunohistochemistry to detect 21 patients( HS group) pathological keloid tissue HSP47, Ⅰ-type, Ⅲ collagen levels,and normal foreskin(control group) compared to the expression of HSP 47 and Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen. Results HS group HSP 47 scar absorbance was( A value) ( 133.0 ± 58.7) ,it was significantly lower than the control group( 169.6 ± 53.2) ( t =2. 697 ,P =0.024) ;two groups of collagen type Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen levels had statistically differentce(t =14.898,12.610,all P =0.000) ; HSP 47 level and type Ⅰ collagen were positively correlated(r =3.058,P =0. 034),and type Ⅲ collagen content was also positively correlated(r =4. 610, P =0. 029). Conclusion HSP 47 in keloid tissue could cause dermal layer assembly of collagen synthesis and significantly increased,and it was an important mechanism for the formation of keloids.

Key words:
Heat-shock proteins;  Keloid;  Collagen type Ⅰ ;  Collagen type Ⅲ


Fifty-eight undergraduate students with low and high musicianship skills rated the degree to which 24 solo improvisations expressed the emotions of sad, angry, and scared. Eight musicians-two violinists, two trumpet players, two vocalists, and two timpanists-performed three short improvisations, each of which expressed one of the three targeted emotions. Accuracy scores were computed to assess the degree to which subjects rated improvi- sations as expressing the emotion intended by the musician in contrast to the other two emotions. The results indicated that the subjects were relatively accurate in assessing the emotional content of the improvisations. In addition, subjects with a higher level of musicianship skills demonstrated greater accuracy for only the trumpet improvisations. Finally, the subjects' accuracy depended not only on the instrument played, but the emotion expressed. For example, subjects were more accurate when identifying scared improvisations performed on a violin. The applied and theoretical implications of these results were discussed.


Vegetable gardening system that uses hydroponics in a domestic
environment capable of producing vegetables as food. A study was conducted
regarding the kitchen and national food behavior during investigation. After
establishing a definition for these concepts, the factors responsible for the
transformations and influences in the food behavior of the Brazilian population
were defined. The importance of the presence of organic products in a person's
diet and the need to facilitate access to these products was then realized. After
a survey of products that enable the cultivation of vegetables at home, and a
comparison of the methods used by them, the hydroponic method was
highlighted as the ideal technique to meet the needs considered as current and
future trends of consumers. The design phase of the model is also moderated
aiming at its aesthetic and mainly functional adaptation in the domestic
environment. It was concluded that the construction of the hydroponic system
is feasible on a production scale suitable for family consumption and that it
integrates properly the routine of the user and the environment in which it is
inserted. The product also enables the user to be aware of the origin of food
and the importance of a healthy diet.


This study has investigated the effects of Combretum hypopilinum on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Dried root bark of C. hypopilinum was extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol to give three extracts. To select the most protective extract, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with each extract (10, 20, 40


The Performance of any organization Working in the field of socioeconomic development of the masses, assessed in terms of qualitative change it brings in their leaves .Similarly, the nongovernmental organization are expected to play a significant role in the socioeconomic transformation. Although they are not to replace the governmental efforts, yet their supplementary efforts are universally acclaimed. They resort to four clearcut strategies in the accomplishment of the following specified objectives 1 :


Background: This study aimed to identify prevalence and severity of dental fl uorosis and also its association with various sources of drinking water among respondents of Hail province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with cross-sectional design having a sample size of 253 obtained from Raosoft sample size calculator. The margin of error was kept at 5%. The confi dence level for the study selected at 95%, and the response rate was set at 80%. Dean index was used as a study tool. Responses were collected and descriptive statistics, the Chi-square tests performed. Results: Prevalence of dental fl uorosis was found to be 73.5%. In term of overall prevalence among gender, results were not signifi cant with male 70% and female 77.6% aff ected by dental fl uorosis. A signifi cant association was found in between severity of dental fl uorosis and diff erent sources of drinking water P < 0.001 on the Pearson Chi-square test using SPPS version 20. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental fl uorosis was found to be very high in general and also if compared to limited studies available in Kingdom. The study was fi rst of its kind which provided baseline data on the concerned issue and recommended further research on contributing factor corresponding to dental fl uorosis in Hail and other cities of Saudi Arabia.


BACKGROUND
Different soft tissue defects can be treated by a variety of surgical procedures. Most of these techniques require the palatal area as a donor site. Recently, an acellular dermal graft has become available that can substitute for palatal donor tissue.

METHODS
This study describes the surgical technique for gingival augmentation and root coverage and the results of 12 clinical cases. A comparison between the three most popular mucogingival procedures for root coverage is also presented.

RESULTS
The results of the 12 patients and the 26 denuded surfaces have shown that we can obtain a mean root coverage of 74% with the acellular dermal graft. Thirteen out of the 26 denuded surfaces had complete root coverage. The average increase in keratinized tissue was 1.19 mm. It seems that the long-term results of the cases are stable.

CONCLUSION
The proposed technique of root coverage with an acellular dermal graft can be a good alternative to soft tissue grafts for root coverage, and it should be part of our periodontal plastic surgery armamentarium.


Preface and AcknowledgmentsPart I. Collective Identity and International Relations Theory 1. International Relations Without Nations?2. Social Identities and Social System3. Identities and Social Orders: International Systems in Modern HistoryPart II. Territorial-Sovereign Identity 4. Raison d'Etat and Territorial Sovereignty: Mercantilist Absolutism and Eighteenth-Century Imperialism5. Territorial-Sovereign Identity and the Seven Years' WarPart III. National-Sovereign Identity 6. The Emergence of National-Sovereign Identity: Revolutionary Nationalism and Reaction7. Use and Misuse of the Principle of Nationality: The Demise of the Second Empire and the Birth of the Second Reich8. National Sovereignty and the New Imperialism: The Global Transmission of Bourgeois-National Identity and Culture9. "Over-the-Top" and "Over There": Status Contests Among National-SovereignsPart IV. Conclusions and Implications 10. The Helpless Colossus: The Politics of Identity and Hopeful Nondeterminism


The aim of this research was to determine the variables that characterize slate exploitability and to model spatial distribution. A generalized linear spatial model (GLSMs) was fitted in order to explore relationship between exploitability and different explanatory variables that characterize slate quality. Modelling the influence of these variables and analysing the spatial distribution of the model residuals yielded a GLSM that allows slate exploitability to be predicted more effectively than when using generalized linear models (GLM), which do not take spatial dependence into account. Studying the residuals and comparing the prediction capacities of the two models lead us to conclude that the GLSM is more appropriate when the response variable presents spatial distribution.


This themed issue of Biomaterials Science highlights the work of emerging investigators in the field of biomaterials science. Editor-in-Chief Jennifer Elisseeff introduces the issue.


BACKGROUND
Vascular access complications represent leading morbidity of hemodialyzed patients. Duplex Doppler ultrasonography is used rarely in the diagnosis of vascular access complications, despite its simplicity and widespread availability. Our first experience with this method is described, namely the most frequent indications, findings and the access blood flow correlation.

METHODS AND RESULTS
356 examinations of both natural and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) accesses at 193 patients were performed. The 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasound transducer of Hewlett-Packard SONOS 2000 device was used. Both arterial and venous parts of fistulas were examined in all cases. Screening examinations represented the most frequent indication, the hemodynamically significant stenosis the most frequent finding. Only 12.5% of PTFE-shunts and 25.8% of natural fistulas were described as normal. Mean blood flow through antebrachial and brachial accesses was 575 and 1070 ml/min, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of vascular access complications (especially that of stenoses) is high. Wider use of this method could bring significantly improved care for the dialysed patients.


This is a time of great change in FCC regulatory policies affecting computer communication. Over the next several months, the FCC will be called upon to consider and decide many issues which may well shape the nation's data communications for years to come.
 This paper briefly reviews the important FCC cases which set the stage for today's policy issues. These include the Specialized Common Carrier Decision, the Domestic Satellite Decision, the Interconnect Docket, and the Computer Inquiry.
 Then, the paper analyzes the recent FCC decisions and pending cases which are of special significance to the computer community. The AT&T DDS and HI-LO cases are discussed, as are the Satellite Business Systems proposal, the Telenet v. Tymshare complaint, and the AT&T DATASPEED 40 decision. The paper closes with a prediction that a new Computer Inquiry seems likely.


Melt rheological behavior of the PP/nanoSiO2 composite materials were studied with capillary rheometer.Influences of composition of the composite materials,shear stress and shearing rate on melt rheological behavior and melt viscosity were discussed.NonNewtonian index(n),melt flow rate(MFR) and swelling ratio of the melt were measured.Results showed that PP/nanoSiO2 composite materials were pseudoplastic fluid.Melt viscosity of the materials increased with the increasing of the nanoSiO2 content,however,n and MFR decreased with the increasing of the nanoSiO2 content.At the same shear stress,swelling ratio decreased with the increasing of nanoSiO2 content in PP composite materials.The results of mechanical properties showed that the addition of nanoSiO2 increased mechanical properties of the PP.The morphology of PP/nanoSiO2 composite materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and polarized optical microscope(POM).Both SEM and POM micrographs demonstrated that nanoSiO2 had the effects of toughing and reinforcing on PP.


Lars Bangert, ILF Consulting Engineers, Germany, describes the extension and successful completion of a 960 km pipeline in the Sultanate of Oman.


Abstract Background Health systems play a fundamental and recognized role in promoting physical activity, particularly in the context of primary health care. eHealth is a broad concept that incorporates any area that combines healthcare and technology. This concept is often associated with improvements in process efficiency and cost reduction. Still, high occurrence of physical inactivity demonstrate the importance of developing new eHealth approaches for a more effective actuation. The aim of this work was to develop a new methodology to increase physical activity level, at primary health care. Methods A mobile application with web platform was developed to: physical activity prescription and monitoring; registration of biomedical variables, sending messages to users, managing physical activity events at the initiative of users (social network). The application was explained to the medical doctors and data from a case-study was accessed (56 years-old male, Caucasian, single, nuclear family, upper middle class). History of physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and depressive disorder (sertraline 50mg and mexazolam 1mg therapy), body composition, physical and CRP fitness were assessed. International physical activity and Self-perceived quality of life assessment questionnaires were also used. Results It was possible to understand that just by talking was not enough to engage the patient on a more active lifestyle. After several failed attempts on counseling for lifestyle changing, patient was referred for using the developed app. Physical exercise tailored plan was prescribed using the Movida.cronos. This tool opened the possibility of assessing patient performance and adherence to the prescribed program (>90%). It allowed a narrow informative channel between the patient and the medical doctor. In three months, the patient reduced form obesity to overweight (-3.4%), decrease his waist circumference (-6.3%), fat mass (-1.8%) and arterial mean pressure (-5.1%); with an associated increase on step test performance. Conclusions This case study demonstrate the potential use of eHealth technology, particularly in primary care. Movida.Cronos allowed the prescription and monitoring of performance and adherence levels to the prescribed exercise program. It brings novel perspectives on prescription and remote monitoring of physical exercise, leading to an increased adherence.


Climate change, together with terrorism, economic depressions, and mass-destructive weaponry, is a source of international phobia for many people. The advancement in technology increases the competition among world powers and economic systems to develop their industrial enterprises. The smoke that emits from the factories, the pollution caused by the industrial projects, the excessive use of green gas result in the increase of global warming and have catastrophic effects on the ecosphere of the planet. Besides, man's wrong practices even in agricultural matters are exhausting the natural resources of the lands, and they badly affect the ecological diversity and the wellbeing of the humans and non-humans alike. Contemporary feminist writers treat this international crisis as a priority and start to devote their writings to address ecological issues. These eco-feminists believe that their suffering from patriarchal oppression is not different from man's exploitation of nature. Through their ecological activism, they endeavor to protect the environment and the planet from the selfish practices of the industrial companies. Barbra Kingsolver is one of the early pioneers of this emerging fictional subgenre. As previous studies of her works focus on individual novels, this study is an evaluation of her contribution to eco-feminist fiction in three major works: Animals Dream, Prodigal Summer, and Flight Behavior.


A group of international experts evaluated whether the aims and instruments of Swiss forest policy are suitable for the promotion of sustainable forest management based on the pan-European criteria. Approach and main results are presented as well as the method developed for the definition of sustainability indicators as an instrument for the evaluation of sectoral policies and the possibility of a transfer of methods and indicators on an international level.


This paper presents results of a large pilot project among Croatian primary and secondary schools focused on digital maturity of schools. It explores relationships between indicators that influence the overall digital maturity level of a school with the main aim to identify the main drivers of digital maturity. It also reveals key steps in the development of the Framework for Digitally Mature Schools in Croatia and the instrument for assessing digital maturity of schools. The instrument evaluation involved 151 primary and secondary schools in Croatia that were assessed against maturity levels. Descriptive statistics is used to identify and explain correlations between 38 indicators of digital maturity of schools. Results obtained from the instrument show that 50 percent of schools in Croatia are in the initial phase of maturity and 43 percent of them are e-enabled which in respect to 5 different maturity levels corresponds to levels 2 and 3 respectively. An on-line system developed for this purpose, besides it features the instrument itself and enables schools to benchmark between themselves, identifies critical indicators for each school that require improvement in order for school to make progress against maturity level.


Effected profoundly by nature condition and human-social factors,the rural settlement in Loess hilly area of Gansu Province were extremely dispersible. Taking Qin'an County of Gansu Province for example,we have researched the character of rural settlement spatial distribution,the spatial structure fractal character of rural settlement system were also been calculated. Based on this,the influence factors of rural settlement spatial diffuse have been analyzed,the basic thoughts and countermeasure of promoting rural settlement development and optimizing its spatial structure were also been put forward in the end.


Previous studies have found the increased Akt activity in experimental renal fibrosis. We investigated the role of Akt1, one of the three Akt isoforms, in renal fibrosis using the murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).

 In vivo, we subjected the wild type and Akt1−/− mice to UUO. In vitro, gene silencing of Akt1 was achieved using the short hairpin RNA delivered by the lentiviral vector in immortalized human proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells) and rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells).

 In immunohistochemical stain, the expression of Akt1 was significantly higher in obstructed kidneys of wild type mice compared with control sham kidneys and increased gradually as UUO progressed. The fibronectin, type I collagen, and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) were markedly more expressed in obstructed kidneys of Akt1−/− mice than in those of the wild type mice. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) was highly induced within 1 day of UUO in obstructed kidneys of Akt1−/− mice and the expression of TGFβ1 was significantly higher in the Akt1−/− mice than in the wild type mice as UUO progressed. Western blot showed that silencing of Akt1 increased the expression of TGFβ1, which was enhanced by angiotensin II stimulation in HK2 cells, but not in NRK-49F cells. Immunohistochemical stain demonstrated that the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in renal tubules was significantly higher in the Akt1−/− mice than in the wild type mice. Western blot showed that silencing of Akt1 increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in HK2 cells, but not in NRK-49F cells.

 Our findings suggest that the deletion of Akt1 might contribute to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular apoptosis via TGFβ1 induction. We also showed that TGFβ1 upregulation by genetic deletion of Akt1 is associated with activation of STAT3 independently of the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway.


Considerable attention has been paid recently to how diplomacy is conducted outside the formal channels of official representation. These, often less obvious, forms were particularly important for early modern European states and have been at the heart of what is often called New Diplomatic History. Daniel Riches' heavily revised doctoral thesis builds on this work through an investigation of Swedish–Brandenburg relations between the 1540s and 1700. Both states began this time frame as minor powers on the European periphery, but grew considerably stronger with Sweden rising (and fading) faster than Brandenburg. Both states are well known to early modernists as exemplars of militarised monarchies which punched considerably above their demographic or economic weight. Both were rivals for influence in the Baltic and both had contradictory interests in Pomerania and Prussia. There is an extensive specialist literature on individual stages and issues in Swedish–Brandenburg relations, but until now, no one has pulled this together nor provided a succinct overview in English. In doing both, Riches' book already succeeds, but its importance reaches well beyond the events he charts so effectively. His argument has two main strands. First, the content of diplomacy must be reintegrated into the cultural approaches associated with New Diplomatic History. What negotiators were trying to achieve influenced the methods they used, as well as the other way round. We need the events, as well as the people and institutions to understand how diplomacy worked. Second, he disputes the generally accepted model of a single European diplomatic culture emerging across early modernity and based on an aristocratic, erudite and, ecumenical court culture. These two points intersect in his discussion of "Protestant cosmopolitanism" which, he argues, provided the common ground for Swedish and Brandenburg agents to forge contacts and conclude agreements despite often diverging political agendas. Protestant cosmopolitanism rested on a shared worldview transcending loyalties to individual places and dynasties. This worldview was defined by common Protestant faith and values, rather than by humanist education or courtly culture—the aspects usually highlighted as factors enabling the growth of secular European diplomacy


The clinical case of a man aged 55 undergoing polymiositis diagnosis as a paraneoplastic manifestation when he was alive is presented. Nonetheless, his health condition got worse and he died even after receiving the steroid therapy. The necropsy result confirmed the presence of gastric neoplasm.


A survey on current bridge painting practices was conducted. Questionnaires were sent to all 50 state highway agencies concerning their present bridge painting practices, changes in those practices that they anticipate due to environmental regulations, and new or experimental painting practices they are investigating. Forty-three responses were received. Those are collated and presented in the appendices along with comments of the responders. A literature search was conducted on publications related to painting of steel structures (since 1987). Forty-nine documents were identified as being relevant to the topic. Those documents are listed in bibliographic form in the appendices.


Delamination is one of the most common and dangerous failure modes for composites because it takes place and grows in the absence of any visible surface damage. The successful implementation of delamination detection in aerospace composite structures is always challenging due to the general anisotropic behavior of composites and multilayer delamination scenarios. This article presents a numerical and experimental investigation to detect and characterize the multilayer delaminations in carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composite plates using guided waves and wavenumber analysis. Multiphysics three-dimensional finite element simulations of the composite plate with five different delamination scenarios are conducted to provide the out-of-plane wave motion for wavenumber analysis. The out-of-plane results from finite element simulations of one delamination and two delaminations are validated by the scanning laser Doppler vibrometer measurements. It is found that the wavenumber analysis can identify the plies between which the delamination occurs and evaluate the delamination severity by comparing the new wavenumbers due to the trapped waves in the delamination regions, which is potentially related to delamination severity. Both numerical and experimental results demonstrate a good capability for the detection and characterization of multilayer delaminations in composite structures.


Eleven seasons of spectroscopic data comprised of 107 exposures for the stable G8 III standard star, ε Vir are analyzed for projected rotation rate and granulation parameters. A Fourier analysis of the line shapes yield v sin i = 3.06 ± 0.20 km s−1 and a radial-tangential macroturbulence dispersion ζRT = 5.16 ± 0.08 km s−1. The radial velocity over nine seasons is constant to 18 m s−1. The absolute radial velocity with granulation blueshifts (but not gravitational redshift) removed is −14120 ± 75 m s−1. Line-depth ratios show the temperature to be constant to 0.7 K over 11 years, although a small secular rise or cyclic variation ∼1 K cannot be ruled out. The third-signature plot shows that the star has granulation velocities 10% larger than the Sun's. Mapping the Fe i λ6253 line bisector on to the third-signature plot indicates a normal-for-giants flux deficit area of 12.8%, indicating ∼134 K temperature difference between granules and lanes. Deficit velocities of GK giants are seen to shift to higher values with higher luminosity, ∼0.75 km s−1 over ΔMV ∼ 1.5, indicating larger velocity differences between granules and lanes for giants higher in the HR diagram.


examines the human papillomavirus vaccine and moral panics surrounding side effects and hypersexuality in young women. Kitta's discussion of anti-vaccination movements is again highly pertinent in 2021 as the UK Covid-19 vaccine strategy is implemented. The final chapter, Chapter Six, carries the title of the book: 'Kiss of Death'. It explores intimacy and harm using popular motifs like the 'peanut butter kiss' (121), where an intimate partner suffers anaphylactic shock due to a peanut allergy triggered by a kiss. She also mentions the herpes simplex virus and the very real danger it poses to newborn infants. Kitta concludes the book with a discussion of disease as a punishment for transgression: observing that narratives are more than just stories (135) and that the perceptions of risk they explore are highly charged both morally and politically. She writes: 'By speaking out about, educating about, and researching legends that reinforce misogyny, homophobia, and other forms of shame associated with embodiment and sexuality, folklorists can demonstrate the power of narrative and how it shapes perceptions' (128). This just reinforces her argument regarding the importance of studying folklore—an area of academic study that too often remains side-lined. To engage with these narratives, rather than dismiss or overlook them, is one method with which professionals (health care and other) can meaningfully engage with communities to address issues of inequality. The way Kitta grounds her work is really excellent, allowing the reader to easily apply concepts to contemporary events and situations. She further provides a 'reading guide' as an appendix to the book itself, facilitating readers' more critical engagement with her work. What The Kiss of Death successfully demonstrates is the applicability and relevance of folklore to our everyday lives. The book is also highly pertinent to contemporary events. Read it: this book is as enjoyable a read as it is insightful and thought-provoking. In addition, it makes a very valuable contribution to contemporary folklore studies and will no doubt become a staple text in contemporary legend scholarship.


T he relationship between heavy alcohol consumption, regardless of type, and acute and chronic pancreatitis is well established. A clear association is consistently demonstrated. Whether lower amounts or social drinking influence this susceptibility is less clear. Alcohol consumption even at low or moderate levels (<50 grams a day) is associated with progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis and can alter the natural course of chronic pancreatitis. After the onset of alcohol-related acute pancreatitis, reducing consumption or total abstinence decreases the risk of recurrences. The development of pancreatitis only in a small fraction of alcoholics is likely related to inherent susceptibility. Alcoholics are more likely to be smokers, so there was initial skepticism of the role of smoking in pancreatitis. Smoking is now accepted as an independent risk factor for susceptibility as well as progression of pancreatitis. The effect of smoking is dose-dependent and likely greater in the presence of concomitant alcohol exposure. The relationship between alcohol, smoking, and pancreatitis has been elegantly summarized in previous editorials. In a study published in this issue of Pancreas, Setiawan et al assessed the relationship between alcohol, smoking, and incident pancreatitis in 145,866 subjects recruited in a multiethnic cohort from 1993–1996. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire at study entry, including questions on their drinking and smoking habits. Information on alcohol exposure was limited to the year before enrollment. Hospitalizations for incident pancreatitis through 2012 (n = 2810) were identified by a variety of record linkages. Pancreatitis events were divided into acute gallstone (37.9%), acute nongallstone (43.5%), and recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis (18.6%). Subjects were aged between 45 and 75 years at study entry, and the average time from study entry to hospitalization for pancreatitis was 10.1 years. Setiawan et al found that smoking, particularly current and heavy, increased the risk of acute nongallstone and recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis in both men and women; alcohol, at any level, did not increase the risk of pancreatitis; moderate drinking (defined as <2 drinks/day in men; <1 drink/day in women) decreased the risk of recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis in men and acute nongallstone and recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis in women; and all levels of alcohol drinking decreased the risk of acute gallstone pancreatitis in women. No interaction was observed between alcohol and smoking in either sex. The association of alcohol exposure with pancreatitis was stronger among smokers — it reached statistical significance among current smokers in men at all levels of drinking and in women who drank 2 or more drinks a day. The study confirms associations between smoking and pancreatitis. The increased risk of pancreatitis with alcohol was modest at best and statistically significant only in current smokers. Based on these findings, one may question the fundamental association between alcohol and pancreatitis, especially in nonsmokers. However, this lack of robust association is not a limitation of the study but is likely related to the characteristics of the study population. A closer look at the cohort and collection of exposure information provides 4 potential reasons for this observation. First, alcoholic pancreatitis typically affects individuals between 35–55 years of age, who had their peak exposure in the preceding 15 to 20 years. The risk of new-onset alcohol-related pancreatitis decreases after this age. In contrast, the risk of acute pancreatitis, especially gallstone-related (caused by the increasing prevalence of gallstones), increases with age and is the highest among the elderly. The multiethnic cohort is older, as reflected by the mean age at the time of enrollment (approximately two thirds were 55 years or older) and at the time of pancreatitis diagnosis (mean age, 71.5–73.8 years). Being an older cohort, it is likely that subjects were at a lower risk for incident alcohol-related pancreatitis. Second, the assessment of accurate alcohol exposure to associate with chronic diseases is challenging. The study used detailed questionnaires to assess alcohol exposure, but this information was limited to the year preceding study enrollment. Individuals often change their drinking behavior with age. This may have limited the ability of the study to accurately determine the level of and cumulative exposure an individual had in the years preceding the


Taking for examples such as the Xiangsteel 2×360 m2 sintering waste heat generation,the steam turbine driving for Yanshansteel phase three sintering main exhauster and the combined steam turbine-motor driving for the main exhauster of 200 m2 sinter machine of Binxin Special Steel Material Co.,Ltd of Jiangsu,several typical applications of sintering waste heat boiler steam and present condition and rationality on using steam turbine for driving of sintering main exhauster were analyzed.


INTRODUCTION Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) refers to chronic arterial disease of atherosclerotic origin, commonly present in the legs, which often grows slowly and insidiously with patients presenting mild symptoms [1]. Intermittent claudication (IC) is a classic manifestation and symptom of PAD [2]. IC refers to the muscular pain and cramping in the lower limbs brought on by muscular activity within a symptomatic PAD limb (such as walking) and relieved by rest [3]. To date, literature concerning gait biomechanics in the PAD-IC population is fairly sparse and producing conflicting results, particularly with regards to function about the ankle joint [4,5]


In this paper,the shortcomings of the conventional automatic turning on device are pointed out,and a new device consisted of PLC is presented. At last,a comparision with each other device is made.


The effect of laser beam on the survival of skin allotransplants has been studied. Irradiation of the donor skin and of the recipient graft bed improved the survival of the graft. The graft protecting effect of anti-thymocyte serum was considerably enhanced by laser irradiation.


The most important events in world history during the second half of the 18th Century were the Revolutionary War of the American people for independence, and the Great French Revolution. Quite naturally, these events aroused great interest in various circles of Russian society. In Russia the formation of the new, capitalist relationships was in process simultaneously with the continuing spread of serfdom. A trend toward enlightenment in social and political thought, objectively bourgeois in content, and directed against serfdom, was becoming more pronounced, At the same time, a revolutionary ideology was emerging.


This has been an extremely difficult book to write about. Not the least and certainly the most obvious of its challenges is its sheer size. For over one thousand pages, John Tilbury both chronicles the tiny details and explores the social and philosophical implications of the life and work of British composer and performer, Cornelius Cardew. Writing this book was clearly a challenge for Tilbury himself on a number of registers, a fact that he readily acknowledges in his Preface. For one, he is committed to making a comprehensive biography that gives relatively equal weight to the significant projects, products, and themes of Cardew's life, which naturally include his unequivocal shift in focus from music-making to politics and the attendant repudiation of virtually all of his previous work in the early 1970s. Moreover, and indicating the intensification of the challenge, Tilbury states that, "[t]hroughout this book I have stressed and insisted on what I regard as the continuity of Cardew's thought and actions, however much his political comrades have demurred on this issue. They have argued . . . that the qualitative change in his life in the seventies, through a decisive, revolutionary rupture with 'bourgeois' ideology, effectively derails my thesis of 'continuity'" (xvii). And these comrades would surely have had Cardew's agreement at the end of his life, one expects, which further complicates Tilbury's project.


A collection of Eric Gill's engravings, this book is a tribute to this sculptor, wood-engraver and the designer of the Gill Sans and Joanna typefaces. The book has been compiled by Gill's nephew, himself a scholar and printer.


The paper discusses the transportation sector from two perspectives that have recently received increased attention at both national and international levels: global environmental change and its relationship to population growth.

The transportation sector is of particular interest for two reasons. First, energy demand for global transportation is the fastest growing end-use category, and has proven inelastic in response to the energy price increases that prevailed in the 1970s and early 1980s. Second, the impact of population growth on natural resource consumption and the resulting environmental pollution is perhaps the most indirect of energy demand categories. Access to, and ways of utilizing transport modes and associated technologies are the key variables determining levels of resource consumption and environmental impacts.

The paper concludes that the impact of population growth on transport energy demand is rather weak if analyzed at the appropriate level of disaggregation. Moreover, the paper candidly illustrates some of the complexities underlying transportation choices and the wide heterogeneity across different regions, countries, and social strata.


I am indeed delighted to participate in the 43rd Annual Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society (IPS 2010) at Hyderabad. I am also happy to know that the Indian Council for Medical Research is celebrating its Centenary year. My greetings to all of you. While I am here with all of you, I would like to share my views on the topic "Healthcare system and its challenges".

I will be discussing about:

Spirit of a Healthcare provider

Innovative Cancer Vaccine Development

Six virtues of a health care provider

Moral Leadership

New vistas in the form of Pharmacovigilance

Finally, I would be presenting how different technologies are converging and reshaping the pharma and medicine sector


Based on the self-built corpus,this paper compared the connections adopted in Chinese and foreign periodical articles concerning petrol science,in terms of logical semantics and frequency.The result shows that,despite similar frequency of connections,the delicate distinctions in diction and logic-semantic distribution are significant.


During large scale events, a large volume of content is posted on Twitter, but not all of this content is trustworthy. The presence of spam, advertisements, rumors and fake images reduces the value of information collected from Twitter, especially during sudden-onset crisis events where information from other sources is scarce. In this research work, we describe various facets of assessing the credibility of usergenerated content on Twitter during large scale events, and develop a novel real-time system to assess the credibility of tweets. Firstly, we develop a semi-supervised ranking model using SVM-rank for assessing credibility, based on training data obtained from six high-impact crisis events of 2013. An extensive set of forty-five features is used to determine the credibility score for each of the tweets. Secondly, we develop and deploy a system–TweetCred–in the form of a browser extension, a web application and an API at the link: http://twitdigest.iiitd.edu.in/TweetCred/. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research work to develop a practical system for credibility on Twitter and evaluate it with real users. TweetCred was installed and used by 717 Twitter users within a span of three weeks. During this period, a credibility score was computed for more than 1.1 million unique tweets. Thirdly, we evaluated the real-time performance of TweetCred , observing that 84% of the credibility scores were displayed within 6 seconds. We report on the positive feedback that we received from the system's users and the insights we gained into improving the system for future iterations.


Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have gained a lot of popularity due to their environmental-friendly operation when compared to conventional fuel vehicles. Through collective control by an aggregator, PEVs batteries can also provide ancillary services such as load leveling and frequency regulation to improve the quality of power provided in the power grid. This study presents the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system connected to a smart power grid. The model considers different penetration levels of PEVs in a system and investigates the economic and technical effects of using PEVs to support the grid. The model was tested using an IEEE 24 bus network to verify the effects that PEVs penetration has on generation cost in power systems. Results show that although the use of PEVs did not result in a significant reduction in the cost of power generation, the optimal scheduling of PEVs was effective in flattening the load profile through valley filling and peak load reduction.


Studies on the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from wood or wood products were conducted. Steam-induced extraction of VOC from oriented strand board (OSB) was studied using a tube furnace at 130 C which resulted in over 50% removal in 30 minutes. RF treatment of softwood lumber removed up to 68% of VOC in 20 minutes. Studies on the transport of moisture in wood confirmed that transport is greatest in the transverse surface, followed by the tangential and radial faces.


Low permeability layers of poly(1-vinylimidazole) were polymerised and deposited onto both sides of electrospun polyethersulfone (PES) nanofibrous sheet radiofrequency plasma. The layers not only act as an efficient fuel barrier layer but also impart high and stable proton conductivity, as well as better chemical and dimensional stabilities. Typically, the composite membrane exhibited methanol permeability as low as 33.20 x 10-8 cm2 s-1 and high through-plane proton conductivity of 52.4 mS cm-1 at 95% RH, indicating membrane selectivity of 0.675 x 108 mS.s cm-3, which is approximately 33 times greater than the selectivity of N115 under similar conditions.


In Lin Yutang's work Moment in Peking,which he was proudest of it,shows the author's special and sagacious aesthetics of female and aesthetic psychology.This article discusses the creation origin of the main female characters Yao Mulan and Yao Mochow in Moment in Peking from the psychological mechanism memory and idea,by using the theory of aesthetic psychology of literature creation.In Lin Yutang's deepest memory Hong Lou Meng and Fu Sheng Liu Ji were of the most important works,which could not be replaced.These two works influenced his literature creation in his whole life.In Moment in Peking,craftily blended Shi Xiangyun of Hong Loumeng and Chen Yun of Fu Sheng Liu Ji in two one,and shaped Mulan with the ideal female characteristic,who is bright of optimism,magnanimous,graceful able homemaker.He endowed romantic aesthetic ideal and aesthetic memories of female with Mulan in Moment In Peking.Lin Yutang got the rich inspiration of writing from Xue Baochai in Hong Loumeng for Yao Mochow in Moment inPeking,and also absorbed the most valuable nourishment of writing.At the same time,he got rid of the hypocritical characteristic of Xue Baochai,and shaped Mochow who is reality,generosity,ripeness and perspicacity.


Many metaphor theorists argue that our mental experience of time is grounded in our understanding of space, including motion through space. Results from recent experiments – in which people think about motion, which in turn influences their thinking about time – support this position. Still, many questions remain about the nature of the metaphorical connection between time and space. Can the mere suggestion of motion influence how people reason about time, and if so, when and how? Three experiments investigated how thinking about "abstract" motion through sequences of numbers or letters would influence reasoning about time. Our results extend earlier psychological work on the link between time and space by showing that even motion in non-physical domains can influence temporal reasoning. The results provide further evidence that metaphorical understanding is grounded in our everyday physical and conceptual experience.


Interactive Lecture Demonstrations (ILDs) have been successfully used for many years to improve conceptual understanding in university and high school physics courses. In engineering and science disciplines (such as electronics), there is sometimes concern about whether students simply apply formulas to solve problems or whether they develop a deeper understanding of the principles that are used to interpret electronics phenomena. In a lecture-style environment, ILDs can be used to improve student engagement and learning outcomes. We have developed a set of ILD activities to teach Operational Amplifiers, which is a topic that many students have difficulties with in our university's introductory electronics course. The ILD equipment and activity sheets have been designed to promote engagement and deeper learning. Results of pre-and posttesting of students, together with student surveys and focus group comments collected over a three year period are very positive, and indicate encouraging learning gains.


A switch mode AC/DC-DC power conversion topology is proposed for the supply of particle accelerator correction magnets, requiring simultaneously high peak power (300 kW), high bandwidths (1 kHz in voltage, 300 Hz in current), high current precision (10-4), EMC emissions according to international standards and current/voltage reversibility (4-quadrants operation). The power part dimensioning key issues are presented, including semiconductor power cycling design, high frequency power filtering, DC-link bus stability analysis. The feedback controls strategy and suited PWM techniques are reported. Experimental results are presented and commented.