The present study was aimed at determining the chemical constituents of Nigella sativa seeds and their anticancer and antibacterial activities. The phytochemical screening carried out on methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, proteins and terpenoids in high proportions whereas flavonoids, steroids and cardio-glycosides were present in lesser amount. Five different compounds i.e. Linoleic acid, Thymoquinone, Dithymoquinone, Damasceninine and Tannic acid were isolated from the methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds by using column chromatography and later identified by NMR spectroscopy. The result of anticancer activity of isolated compounds performed in bioinformatics lab showed that Dithymoquinone acts as best anticancer agent than the other four compounds. The isolated compounds were also tested for antibacterial activity against different gram positive (Bascillus megaterium and staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aureginosa and Kliesebella pneumoneae) bacteria by disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity results were expressed in terms of radius of zone of inhibition. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the compounds isolated from methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds are highly active against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Among the compounds, dithymoquinone showed the highest zone of inhibition (2.6cm) against both the gram negative bacteria which is same as shown by tetracycline (standard antibiotic) against the same bacteria. Muqdad Khairi Yaheya, Poonam PrakashPhytochemical Analysis of Nigella Sativa and Its Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 3 / June 2015 2945 This study indicated that these compounds have both anticancer as well as antibacterial activities.


This article discusses the development of a mathematical model for a device capable of tracking the movements of a human limb based on the readings of microelectromechanical sensors. For developing and selecting the most suitable model, experiments were conducted based on publicly available components. The result obtained is of practical importance since it can be used to create a device.


1. Economic Thinking. 2. Mutually Beneficial Exchange. 3. The Market Mechansim: Supply and Demand. 4. Economic Efficiency: A Measure of Market Performance. 5. Decision Making in an Imperfect World. 6. The Elasticity of Demand. 7. The Theory of Consumer Behavior. 8. Entrepreneurial Behavior. 9. Production Costs. 10. Revenues and Profit Maximization. 11. The Perfect Competition Model. 12. Small Firm Behavior: The Imperfect Competition Model. 13. Large Firm Behavior: The Imperfect Competition Model. 14. The Regulation of Business Behavior: Policy in Transition. 15. The Theory of Resource Markets. 16. The Labor Market. 17. Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining. 18. The Capital Market. 19. Income Inequality and Poverty. 20. Externalities, Public Goods, and Common-Property Resources: Problems for the Market Mechanism. 21. International Trade. Index.


Primary aortocaval fistula (ACF) is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), occurring in only 4% of ruptured cases and less than 1% of all AAAs. The hemodynamic changes resulting from the major shunt caused by the ACF include a sudden increase in inferior vena caval pressure and volume with renal venous hypertension and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. So, if untreated, it leads to irreversible high output heart failure. Preoperative diagnosis is crucial, as adequate preparation should be made for massive bleeding expected at operation. Successful treatment depends on management of perioperative hemodynamics, control of bleeding from fistula and prevention of thromboembolism. We report two cases of successfully treated spontaneous ACF with a review of the literature.


The chemical constituents of Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F.Atk..was studied in this article.The compounds were extracted with systematic solvent,isolated by using HPLC and identified by physical,chemical and spectroscopic methods.Three compounds were obtained and identified as mannitol,trehalose and ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol.Trehalose was isolated from the fungus for the first time.


More than 1000-nm-wide frequency comb centered at 4.9 µm was produced in an OPO based on orientation-patterned GaAs (OP-GaAs), synchronously pumped at 182 MHz repetition rate by femtosecond Cr:ZnSe laser pulses at 2.45 µm.


In the spirit of universal fraternity or brotherhood, the China Red Cross carried on the humanitarian cause of rescuing the wounded and sympathizing with the victimized during "the period of warlords" (1916 - 1928). This organization gave wide spread first - aid to those who were wounded in such battles / campaigns as the Campaign Against Yuan Shikai, Guangdong Guangxi Battle, Jiangsu -Zhejiang Battle, the First Revolutionary Civil War, etc. The Members of China Red Cross, who were wholeheartedly devoted to their duty, worked very hard and selflessly to rescue and save the wounded. That was why they were u nanimously praised by the people.


Biology of the three known species of Felderimyia (F. gombakensis, F. fuscipennis and F. flavipennis), all South-East Asian and associated with bamboo, was studied with emphasis on F. gombakensis. In F. gombakensis oviposition takes place on the taller shoots (2 m and higher) of several bamboo species. The eggs are inserted under the edge of the culm sheaths. The freshly hatched larvae crawl into the water-filled internode cavities through holes made by the larvae of leaf beetles of the genus Lasiochila (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Hispinae). The F. gombakensis larvae develop in the water or in the semi-aquatic zone above the water surface. They feed on organic matter scraped from the interior bamboo wall. During courtship males of all Felderimyia species produce a nuptial gift made of a white viscous secretion, which is deposited on the surface of a bamboo culm and eaten by the female prior to, during and often also after copulation. Furthermore, we present new collection records for F. gombakensis (Thailand, South China) and F. fuscipennis (Southwest India). © E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nagele u. Obermiller), 2008.


Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the standard treatment for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. Uncommon mutations, excluding exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R, comprise 7%–23% of EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC. The treatment of uncommon EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLCs is controversial. Here, we present the case of an 81‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma cStage IVA harboring the uncommon EGFR L861Q mutation. The patient received oral afatinib treatment (40 mg/day). One month after the initiation of afatinib treatment, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 grade 2 stomatitis was observed. It improved upon afatinib withdrawal. After 10 days of withdrawal, afatinib treatment was resumed at a reduced dose of 20 mg/day. Subsequently, the patient continued treatment with afatinib. A partial response to afatinib treatment was maintained for 49 months until primary tumor regrowth. Afatinib treatment was continued after disease progression, but the patient died of bacterial pneumonia 59 months after initiation of afatinib treatment. Several studies have previously reported a large number of compound mutations with uncommon mutations, and that compound mutation‐induced cells are most susceptible to afatinib. This suggests the efficacy of afatinib in clinical practice and that afatinib may be safely administered to elderly patients with appropriate dose reductions.


Twenty-one students, an intact convenience group, were selected to participate in this research project. Each student received Special Education Services through a Resource Specialist Program (RSP). All students were randomly assigned to either the comparison or experimental group. Over a five week period participants in the comparison group remained in their language arts classroom and participated in Sustained Silent Reading (SSR). Students in the experimental group participated in REWARDSReading Excellence: Word Attack and Rate Development Strategies, a reading intervention. Both groups were administered the Woodcock-Johnson III form A at pre-test and form Bat post-test, results of these assessments were analyzed using an AnCOVA test. 7 IMPACT OF REWARDS ON READING SKILLS Chapter


Currently, the compliance of MSME taxpayers in Indonesia is still low, especially in KPP Pratama Denpasar Barat. Also, the compliance ratio for individual MSME taxpayers has not reach 80 percent. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of tax understanding, technology readiness, and ease of using e-filing on the compliance of individual taxpayer of MSMEs. The theory used are The Compliance Theory and The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Based on Slovin's formula 100 individual MSME taxpayers of 6,790 MSME individual taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Denpasar Barat in 2019were selected as respondents. The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that tax understanding and ease of using e-filing had positive effects on the compliance of individual MSME taxpayers, meanwhile technology readiness had no effect on compliance of individual MSME taxpayers.


This piece of scientific work is of vital importance for those who want to understand and further investigate the temporal variation the chemical characteristics of Lake Ziway - a fresh water lake in the Ethiopian Rift-Valley lakes system. It is devoted to the discussion of variations over years in the salinity and sodicity of the lake. The salinity and sodicity trends are probed in relation to the annual and seasonal variation in the hydro-meteorological factors that determine the chemical characteristics of the lake. It succinctly depicts the causal interrelationship between the temporal level of salinity and sodicity of the lake and the hydro-meteorological factors that govern the lake's chemical characteristics. It summarizes varied historical hydrological, meteorological and hydro-chemical data from previous records and researches to lucidly presents their implication on the temporal variation in the salinity and sodicity of the lake. It finally suggests some recommendations as to how the freshwater nature of the lake can be sustained.


Objective:To study the proliferative inhibition of Trifluoperazine(TFP)and its effect on the cAMP- protein kinase A(cAMP-PKA)signal system in cultured guinea pig RPE cell. Methods:10umol/L TFP were added to cultured RPE cells.The intracellular cAMP concentration and PKA activity were measured by Radioimmunoassay. Results:The intracellular cAMP level was higher than that of the controls after treated with 10umol/L TFP for 5 minutes and kept at high level till 3 hours.Meanwhile the activity of PKA(cAMP dependent protein kinase A)increased within 5 minutes and kept high till 3 hours. Conclusions:The results indicated that the TFP could increase the level and activity of the cAMP-PKA signal system in cultured guinea pig RPE cell.


We adopt a Bayesian approach to the analysis of six data sets recording foetal control mortality in mouse litters. We illustrate how a variety of diierent models may be considered, using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques, and compare the results with the corresponding maximum likelihood analyses. We present an auxiliary variable method for determining the probability that any particular data cell is assigned to a given component in a mixture and we illustrate the value of this approach as a means of interpreting the model parameter representing the overall weight given to any particular component in terms of the observations. Finally, we show how the Bayesian approach provides a natural and unique perspective on the model selection problem via reversible jump MCMC and illustrate how probabilities associated with each of the diierent models may be calculated for each data set. In terms of estimation we show how, by averaging over the diierent models, we obtain reliable and robust inference for any statistic of interest.


This work aims to detect specific attributes of a place (e.g., if it has a romantic atmosphere, or if it offers outdoor seating) from its user reviews via distant supervision: without direct annotation of the review text, we use the crowdsourced attribute labels of the place as labels of the review text. We then use review-level attention to pay more attention to those reviews related to the attributes. The experimental results show that our attention-based model predicts attributes for places from reviews with over 98% accuracy. The attention weights assigned to each review provide explanation of capturing relevant reviews.


The bottleneck has a faster energy consumption rate than other nodes, and it may lead to network partition in wireless sensor networks. To save the energy of the bottleneck, we suggested a coarse-grained bottleneck detection method based on the data path for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Moreover, a data buffer mechanism around the bottleneck was introduced to reduce the control frames in media access control layer. Experiments showed our scheme can prolong the network lifetime, but it also caused a little longer delay.


In this work, a krypton gas impurity seeding experiment was conducted in a Large Helical Device. Emission lines from the Na-like Kr ion in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region, such as 22.00 nm, 17.89 nm, 16.51 nm, 15.99 nm, and 14.08 nm, respective to 2p63p(2P1/2o)−2p63s(2S1/2), 2p63p(2P3/2o)−2p63s(2S1/2), 2p63d(2D3/2)−2p63p(2P3/2o), 2p63d(2D5/2)−2p63p(2P3/2o), and 2p63d(2D3/2)−2p63p(2P1/2o) transitions, are observed. In order to generate a theoretical synthetic spectrum, an extensive calculation concerning the excitation of the Kr25+ ion through electron impact was performed for the development of a suitable plasma model. For this, the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method was employed along with its extension to the relativistic configuration interaction method to compute the relativistic bound-state wave functions and excitation energies of the fine structure levels using the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Package-2018. In addition, another set of calculations was carried out utilizing the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and relativistic configuration interaction methods integrated within the Flexible Atomic Code. To investigate the reliability of our findings, the results of excitation energies, transition probabilities, and weighted oscillator strengths of different dipole-allowed transitions obtained from these different methods are presented and compared with the available data. Further, the detailed electron impact excitation cross-sections and their respective rate coefficients are obtained for various fine structure resolved transitions using the fully relativistic distorted wave method. Rate coefficients, calculated using the Flexible Atomic Code for population and de-population kinetic processes, are integrated into the collisional-radiative plasma model to generate a theoretical spectrum. Further, the emission lines observed from the Kr25+ ion in the impurity seeding experiment were compared with the present plasma model spectrum, demonstrating a noteworthy overall agreement between the measurement and the theoretical synthetic spectrum.


This paper considers the problem of identifying linear systems, where the input is observed in white noise but the output is observed in colored noise which also includes process disturbances. It is noticed that the applicability of the bias-eliminated least-squares (BELS) method depends fully upon a prefilter designed with its order equal to the system order plus one. An efficient method is developed in this paper which can perform consistent parameter estimation without utilizing such a prefilter. The developed method is characterized by attractive features: direct use of the observed data without prefiltering; no need to evaluate autocorrelation functions for the input noise; no need to identify a high-order augmented system; and provision of a direct BELS estimate of the system parameters without parameter extraction.


ABSTRACT Much scholarship on organizational sustainability has focused on organizational survival and strategies aimed at financial independence. However, there is increasing awareness that organizational social connectedness may be equally important for longer-term organizational sustainability. This article bridges theories of organizational survival, social connectedness, and sustainability research, with sustainable management practices from the field of the US culture nonprofits to investigate the questions: What are the antecedents of organizational social connectedness? What role does social connectedness play for the sustainability of organizations? Our analysis results in a conceptual framework of the relationship between the social connectedness and sustainability of cultural nonprofits.


Most of the people, especially nahdliyin residents, still follow the practice of manakib Sheikh Abdul Qadir al-Jailani. They do this to obtain the blessings of life. There are two most significant mainstream works in the reading of manakib, and the first is the book Nurul Burhani by K.H. Muslih Mranggen, and the second is the book of Jawahirul Ma'ani by K.H. Jauhari Umar Pasuruan. Each is read by many practitioners of manakib, which basically explains the biography of Abdul Qadir al-Jailani. This research is a comparative study of the historical two books by the method of library study. The results of this study are that books with each other have similarities and differences, even similarities in the content and editorial side. In a historical review, the authorship of the book influences by the experiences of different authors. Nurul Burhani's book consists of eight parts, while the book of Jawahirul Ma'ani has ten features. Each has a lot in common in the teachings of Sufism that Always act on the truth, a figure is always connected with God at the time of dhikr and live the laws of God and be founded the teaching of Sufism like mujahadah, riyadhah, wara', zuhud, khauf, qona'ah, sabar, syukur, muraqabah.


The use of disposable screen-printed electrodes for stripping analysis is described. The graphite surface of the working electrode can be used as substrate for plating a thin mercury film, which allows the electrochemical preconcentration of heavy metals. Detection limits around ppb level were obtained for different metals (Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II)). Moreover chemically modified screen-printed electrodes were developed in order to have mercury-free devices to accumulate heavy metals. Different substances (ion-exchangers and ligands) were tested.


High range resolution X-band Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) using stepped frequency waveforms is described. Target images are produced by performing inverse Fourier transform in range dimension and linear predictive coding in the cross-range dimension. Enhancement in cross-range resolution is produced by applying selective linear predictive coding (SLPC) technique. The signal processing technique is tested using simulated point targets, data from ship targets and a motor vehicle.


Cabralea canjerana subsp. canjerana is a common species in the Atlantic Forest, occurring in several areas of this biome. Yet, little is known about its reproductive strategies. This study aims to understand the reproductive biology of this subspecies, including floral biology, sexual system, and pollination biology. Male and female plants have morphologically similar flowers, but male plants have larger inflorescences with more flowers than female plants. Female flowers remain open and receptive for two days, whereas male flowers last only one day; thus, compensating for the imbalance of the number of flowers per plant between the two sexes. Morphologically similar male and female flowers, as observed in C. canjerana subsp. canjerana , are rare among dioecious species. The high frequency of moths visiting the flowers, the timing of flower opening (anthesis) and the production of nectar suggest that moths are the pollinators of this subspecies. In contrast to the floral dimorphism found in C. canjerana subsp. polytrica , variations in floral morphology are unrelated to the plant sex in subsp. canjerana . This and other results found in this study suggest that the subspecies of C. canjerana might be different species.


THE logical basis of tissue dosage, to the physicist, would be the actual increase of energy per unit volume of tissue brought about by irradiation. Direct methods of measuring dosage in these terms are not practicable, but the same object is served if an indirect means giving equivalent results can be set up. The conditions under which ionization measurements can be used for this purpose have been the subject of exhaustive investigations, notably by L. H. Gray. Briefly, Gray's conclusions may be summarized as follows: The energy absorption per unit volume of a medium in which quantum radiation is being absorbed is proportional to the ionization per unit volume arising in a small airfilled cavity in the medium. The cavity must be situated at a depth in the medium not less than the maximum range of secondary electrons in the medium, and the linear dimensions of the cavity must be small compared with the range of the corpuscular radiation. Transcribing these conditions to conform with measurements in small ...


The enduring value of Chief Justice John Marshall's contributions to international law is shown by the fact that during the bicentennial year of his birth the Supreme Court of the United States has had occasion in the course of current litigation to apply principles set forth in well-known decisions rendered by Marshall more than a century ago. Likewise there is timeliness, in view of current interest in "treaty law," in Marshall's pronouncements on that topic.


We demonstrate that THz radiation can be transduced into acoustic waves in three-dimensional graphene (3D) sponge material through a photo thermal-acoustic (PTA) mechanism. The presented photo-acoustic converter has the unique ability to turn efficiently electromagnetic waves into heat and sound. The unique combination of thermal, mechanical and electronic properties of graphene sheets arranged in a 3D structure allows achieving efficiently sound generation at THz frequencies. Specifically the PTA process is enabled by graphene properties of perfect absorber, ultralow density, small inertia and negligible heat capacity. The reported diagnostic is sensitive to exceptionally large electromagnetic range covering microwaves, THz and optical frequencies.


are a dry topic treated in isolation, though they possess their own fascination and rational structure. But they measure events, which are central to the life of men and women in all ages. Once attention is turned outward from the events themselves to the social and economic environment in which they occur, the appeal and importance of demography is apparent. The pressures of hard times and the opportunities of happier periods are reflected in historical demography like images in a camera obscura. The picture always needs interpretation and may lack the polychrome fullness of historical reality but it forms a clear and dependable outline to which color may be added as the population characteristics are related to their setting. (Wrigley, 1969: 28)


The transport of glycine through a charged polysulfone cation exchange membrane was studied as a function of pH at different initial conditions of less than pH 5.9 and the glycine permeability was explained under the experimental conditions as pH dependent interfacial transport. The glycine permeability increases with a decreasing pH in the receiver phase. The largest permeability was obtained if the initial pH on the source side was pH 5.9 and that on the opposite side was pH 2.0. The transport phenomena can be explained by the interfacial transport based on the interfacial chemical reaction (protonation, deprotonation or ion-exchange) between both phases in terms of the initial pH of the solution.


Based on the 36 laboratory test piles and 2 full scale test piles, the failure mechanism and bearing capacity behavior of compaction under reamed bored pile has been studied and analyzed. At the same time, 21 working static load test piles have been collected and analyzed. The load transfer law along the pile body is analyzed with pressure cell and strain gauge. Moreover, the experimental formula of the bearing capacity and deformation of the new pile are presented. The ratio of side friction and end capacity of disk have been calculated. Compression with a lot of experiment data indicates that the experimental formula give a close agreement with the laboratory test and full scale test.


bridges in transition metal clusters are unreactive as a class, they would require special activation if they were to be involved in oxidations or 0-0 bond formation. We propose that the unusual electronic configuration of the Mn, cluster of the WOC is an expression of this activation. Formation of the activated (dn)3(dx2-,2)' electron configuration may also be explained if the Mn"' ions have only five ligand atoms, arranged so that the equatorial ligand field is weaker than the axial component. This geometry has been observed in the five-coordinate complex, HR(Pz(3,5-i-Pr),l3Mn(p-O),Mn[Pz( 3,5-i-Pr),],BH + , which also has the unusual Mn"' hyperfine anisotropy as seen in the WOC. Five-coordinate Mn"' ions are rarely encountered in chemistry. They are susceptible to hydrolysis and act as strong oxidizing agents. These features offer a satisfying explanation for the unique reactivity of the WOC as catalyst for water oxidation.


The paper deals with the numerical solution of partial differential equations. The one-dimensional wave equation was chosen for experiments; it is solved using Method of Lines which transforms the partial differential equation into the system of ordinary differential equations. The solution in time remains continuous, and the Modern Taylor Series Method is used for solving the system of initial value problems. On the other hand, the spatial discretization is performed using higher order finite difference formulas, which can be unstable. The necessity of the variable precision arithmetic to stabilize the solution is discussed in this paper. The seven point difference formula is analysed as an example of higher order finite difference formulas.


This paper presents the design and simulation of a single-line-to-ground fault detection and location system using Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The design is simulated and implemented on MATLAB/SIMULINK. The PMU (PLL-Based, Positive-Sequence) block used in this project is inspired by the IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011 provided by MATLAB/SIMULINK. PMU data measurements are successfully used to detect and locate faults in a standard IEEE 9 bus system.


This article presents the development of a "small contraction" sensor fabricated using 3D printing and intended for practical works of biology; with the aim to replace the traditionally used system. This fabricated sensor is then integrated into a Computer Assisted Experiment (CAE) environment. CAE is a teaching technology that allows the students to carry out the acquisition and the processing of their data on computer (saving, adding comments, amplification…). The combination of these two technologies (CAE and 3D printing) has made it possible to equip low-cost multipurpose labs requiring minimal maintenance and where the work space is standardized. The result of a survey conducted with the students at the end of the lab sessions shows that 79.1% of them prefer the use of the new system, given the advantages it offers in terms of better understanding of the practical works objectives, time saving and the data processing functionalities it provides.


Philornis larvae and pupae were collected in nestlings of Neothraupis fasciata (Lichtenstein), the White-banded Tanager (Passeriformes, Thraupidae), in three breeding seasons, between October and November 2003‑2005 in a reserve in central Brazil. Here, we present biological data, diagnosis to the recognition of the species and a key to the segregation of species occurring in the Cerrado. The larvae were intradermic in the nestlings and the pupae were collected in the nests after the birds have abandoned them. The immatures collected were taken to the laboratory and reared under laboratory conditions, until emergence. The species identified as Philornis torquans (Nielsen), is here firstly recorded from the Brazilian Cerrado, and firstly recorded its association with N. fasciata. With this record, the number of Philornis species occurring in the Cerrado rises to three.


The purpose was to reveal patterns of morphometric characteristics variability of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum for a choice of more adequate selection of standard sizes and introduction orientation of corrigent metalware at surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis. Preparations of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum of 60 skeletons, 110 Kt-grams of men and women of the first and second periods of mature age without visible pathology of a backbone and 300 Kt-grams of patients with spondylolisthesis. The data on age variability and sexual dimorphism of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum were obtained. The analysis of results of surgical treatment of 288 patients with spondylolisthesis during 1995-2008 was carried out. 160 patients were managed with preoperative planning, taking into account morphometric characteristics of vertebrae and sacrum since 2003. It is necessary to install and arrange metalware at reduction taking into account features of back structures and forward basic complex of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum that allows to receive adequate decompression of neurovascu-lar structures in 85-90% cases, reliable correction and stabilization of damaged lumbosacral segments


The thesis aims to analyze strategic, cultural and structural aspects of Grameen Bank and its micro-credit project, in order to identify key success factors. A case study was performed with an inductive and qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews. The data was collected by field observations and interviews on site in Dhaka, Bangladesh and surrounding areas.
The main conclusion is that the critical success factor of Grameen Bank is the relationship focus, guiding and aligning its strategy, culture and structure. Also, local offices have been observed to utilize practices not permitted by the bank's management, ultimately increasing the organizational efficiency.


We use an analytical research model to analyze the effect of the auditor's personal income tax on audit effort. We show that the auditor's level of care crucially depends on the tax rate and amount of loss recognition. Taxes may cause paradoxical effects on the auditor's effort, audit quality, and marginal audit fee if profits and losses are taxed differently or in case of risk-averse decision-makers. Therefore, compared with the pretax setting, taxes have distortional effects. Thus, common auditing standards (e.g., International Standards on Auditing framework) will imply diverse audit quality and marginal audit fees depending on the respective national tax law. Our results are relevant for standard setters, auditors, and financial statements' addressees.


acid solutions (C/S), and particle size on the conversion process were investigated. All experiments were carried out in the range of 814 mol/dm 3 for sulfuric acid concentration, 105135°C for reaction temperature, 0.040.28mol/dm 3 for C/S, and 2.5112.5µm for average particle size. The conversion process involves the dissolution of cerium (IV) oxide and the precipitation of cerium (IV) sulfate. Cerium (IV) oxide reacted with sulfuric acid very slowly and then dissolved cerium (IV) in a saturated condition directly formed cerium (IV) sulfate indicating that the conversion rate was controlled by the dissolution rate of cerium (IV) oxide. Increases in sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature increased the dissolution rate, whereas increase in particle size decreased it. However, the C/S had no effect on the dissolution rate. In terms of the yield of precipitated cerium (IV) sulfate after reaction equilibrium, increases in sulfuric acid concentration and C/S increased the yield. However, the particle size and the reaction temperature had no effect on the yield of precipitated cerium (IV) sulfate. The kinetics of cerium (IV) oxide dissolution, under various conditions of sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, C/S, and particle size, was interpreted by a shrinking core model with chemical reaction. The variation of rate constant upon dissolution with temperature obeyed the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy of 123kJ/mol. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M-M2012826]


In this paper we investigate how neural fields can generate complex behavior in mobile robot navigation. A case study is presented in which a mobile robot endowed with sonars and a laserscanner performs the behaviors target-acquisition, obstacle-avoidance, and subtarget-selection. The design of these behaviors as well as their coordination are achieved through correct choice of stimulus parameters on the field. We describe the approach in theoretical terms, supported by experimental results.


It is found that in presence of electroweak interactions the gauge covariant diagonalization of the axial-vector -- pseudoscalar mixing in the effective meson Lagrangian leads to a deviation from the vector meson and the axial-vector meson dominance of the entire hadronic electroweak current. The essential features of such a modification of the theory are investigated in the framework of the extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with explicit breaking of chiral $U(2) \times U(2)$ symmetry. The Schwinger-DeWitt method is used as a major tool in our study of the real part of the relevant effective action. Some straightforward applications are considered.


Objective:To observe the effect of cauterized needle-knife treatment of herpes zoster.Methods:44 cases of herpes zoster patients were divided into 2 groups according with random number table method,24 cases of cauterized needle-knife group(group 1) and 20 cases of western medicine(group 2).After the 2 groups were treated respectively,add up the whole scab time and changes in pain intensity of the 2 groups respectively,then make statistical comparison.Results:After treatments,the whole scab time of group 1 was significantly lower then that of group 2(P0.05),the pain score of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2(P0.05).Conclusion:the herpes zoster treatment efficacy of cauterized needle-knife was superior to that of western medicine.


Abstract The building discussed here is an Essex example of the type of detached kitchen described by David and Barbara Martin in VA 28. This is an outbuilding at Hancocks, Moreton, Essex, a fifteenth-century, non-manorial, three-unit open-hall house. As shown in the drawings (Figs 2, 3), it could easily be mistaken for a separate house, except for its unusual plan.


Electron-positron pair production, in combined Sauter potential wells and an oscillating one is imposed on a static Sauter potential, is investigated by using the computational quantum field theory. We find that the gain number (the difference of pair number under combined potentials to the simple addition of pair number for each potential) of the created pairs depends strongly on the depth of static potential and the frequency of oscillating potential. In particular, it is more sensitive to the frequency compared with the depth. For the low-frequency multiphoton regime, the gaining is almost positive and exhibits interesting nonlinear characteristics on both depth and frequency. For the single-photon regime, however, the gaining is almost negative and decreases near linearly with depth while it exhibits an oscillation characteristic with frequency. Furthermore, the optimal frequency and depth of gain number are found and discussed.


To establish a definitive therapy for cerebral vasospasm, a basic study on the contractile mechanism of vascular smooth muscles of the cerebral artery was performed. Ultrastructural examination of smooth muscle cells in bovine basilar arteries revealed the existence of two types of myofilaments which correspond to thick and thin filaments. Also, the existence of an internal membrane system just inside of the surface membrane was confirmed. Experiments on the mechanical activity of basilar arterial strips showed that a K+ induced contraction was associated with a large increase of Ca2+ influx from outside of the muscle cell. On the other hand, 5HT induced tension without Ca2+ influx. A Ca antagonist (cinnarizine or verapamil) inhibited high K+ induced contractions, whereas its inhibitory effect on 5HT induced contraction was small. These facts suggest that 5HT can release Ca from intracellular store sites. The results shown here indicate that there are several kinds of bound Ca in the muscle cell, i.e.: 1) loosely; and 2) tightly bound Ca on the external surface of the cell membrane; 3) Ca bound in the internal surface of the cell membrane; and 4) Ca stored in the intracellular store sites, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. It is suggested that such intracellularly immobilized Ca may play an important role in the regulation of mechanical activity of cerebral arterial muscle.


At present, the sensor is widely used and its types are varied, such as biosensor, gas sensor, humidity sensor, optics sensor, pressure sensor, etc. However, many defects of sensors remain to be optimized in many aspects such as conductivity, stability and adsorption capacity. According to the performance of materials, the study of the adsorption behavior of H2, CO2, CH4, Ar and N2 on the pristine graphene has been performed through First-principle calculation. The graphene has been attracted popular attention all over the world, because the two-dimensional crystal structure of graphene has a good mechanical, electrical properties etc. The graphene also has a great specific surface area, so it has a well adsorption capacity. The graphene is a zero-n gap semiconductor with no magnetism, however, the graphene will be magnetic if it adsorbed or doped with other materials even the band gap is opened. Therefore, the graphene has a promising future in nano electronic devices such as gas sensor. We compared the electronic structures and the magnetism between the pristine graphene and the gas molecule-adsorbed graphene through the first principle calculation. We have found that the different types of graphene have different electronic band structures. Most of the molecules adsorption on graphene can be weakly charged took as donor or acceptor. We discovered that the band gap and the adsorption energy is different when the gas molecules adsorped on the graphene with different number of layers. The different layers have different impacts on the adsorption of graphene. Therefore, according to First principles calculation, with the number of layers increasing, the gas adsorption property of graphene is getting better and better. This study provides a rational way using first principle simulation to evaluate the different number of layers of graphene for the adsorption of sensors.


Since a proposal and pioneering experiments by Ashkin et all for trapping a small dielectric particle by using the laser radiation pressure (RP), this technique has been applied in wide fields of chemistry and biology, known as optical tweezers, and in new-type optical microscopy. By considering the laser trapping from the viewpoint of optical particle sizing based on the laser light scattering, e.g. photon correlation spectroscopy2' 3 (PCS), in which the Brownian motion of particles plays an important role, the radiation pressure of an illuminating laser beam may affect the motion of particles under investigation in despite of the unsuspected assumption that the illuminating laser beam does not distort the particles' motion.


We describe the scaling limit of the nearest neighbour prudent walk on $Z^2$, which performs steps uniformly in directions in which it does not see sites already visited. We show that the scaling limit is given by the process $Z_u = \int_0^{3u/7} ( \sigma_1 1_{W(s)\geq 0}\vec{e}_1 + \sigma_2 1_{W(s)\geq 0}\vec{e}_2 ) ds$, $u \in [0,1]$, where $W$ is the one-dimensional Brownian motion and $\sigma_1, \sigma_2$ two random signs. In particular, the asymptotic speed of the walk is well-defined in the $L^1$-norm and equals 3/7.


(54) PEPTIDYL PRODRUGS THAT RESIST P-GLYCO PROTEIN MEDIATED DRUG EFFLUX (75) Inventors: Ashim K. Mitra, Overland Park, KS (US); Soumyajit Majumdar, Oxford, MS (US); Ritesh Jain, Kansas City, MO (US); Yasser Nashed, Thousand Oaks, CA (US) (73) Assignee: The Curators of the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (US) Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.


In this work the results of thermal cycling tests on HVQFN-packages mounted on printed circuit boards are evaluated. The emphasis is on the fatigue life of the soldered interconnections as it is influenced by the printed circuit board, rather than that by the package or the solder. Data from different experimental set-ups are compared: panel thickness and stand-off height of the packages. New in this respect is inclusion of the base material of the panels as parameter. The test load was set to cycling at -40degC/+125degC and -20degC/+100degC. The results prove that the essential physical properties governing the fatigue life are the stiffness of the complete assembly and the thermal expansion mismatch between the parts. Numerical simulations support this.


Objective Sum up the research of concept of surgical procedure of PA/VSD/MAPCA.Methods Between January 2003 and December 2012,92 children were operated,aged 1 day to 5.2 years ; median age (1.3 ± 0.6) years.There were 26 cases for one stage operation,66 cases were for palliative operation which were divided into 3 stages.The 3 stages of palliative operation included system to pulmonary shunt,conduit from RVOT to MPA or transannular patch from RVOT to MPA,enlargemene of pulmonary artery and ligation of MAPCA.From all the patients,15 cases had been finished the two staged operation.In the end,there were 17 cases who were completed two or three stage radical operation.Results There were 3 cases who died from the first period.There were 9 cases who were completed two stage operation,and 1 case died.There were 8 cases who were completed three stage operation.there was 1 cases who died in this period.Conclusion The surgical treatment for the PA/VSD/MAPCA could be that the connection between RVOT and pulmonary artery should be performed as early as possible which could provide the blood flow to pulmonary artery and promote the growth.Uniforcalization could also be set up as early as possible if it is needed.It could be ligated in different period.The PA/VSD/MAPCA could be repaired by stagesand have satisfied results.

Key words:
Pulmonary atresia ;  Major aortopulmonary collaterals ;  Cardiac surgical procedures


The civil society theory in the studies of the Chinese jurisprudence is more and more important,and forms the civil society theory of the rule of law.But many theorists of the Chinese jurisprudence use the civil society theory and the "state-society" framework in the premise of recognizing the western modernity picture,so the researches are in the course of the construction of lacking the reflection idea.By the reflection,we can see the contradictions of the civil society theory of the rule of law,it hypothesizes the universal effects of the way of the western modernization and the rule of law,and ignores the substantial differences of the real conditions of the way of the civil society and modernization between China and the west states.


Village elections (Pilkades) is a direct election procedure and mirrors implementation of democratic life in Indonesia. Article 37 and 38 of the regency Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2006 states that if the Pilkades process turns dispute, the dispute does not stop the next stage. The regency government normatively based on Article 37 guarantees the completion stage of the elections until the inauguration phase and form a team of supervisors who communicate with those who feel aggrieved to get agreement dispute resolution. Until this research is done, there is only one case submitted to the District Court, but then the plaintiffs draw their lawsuit. Dispute settlement pattern research was conducted through interviews and providing information to the bureaucrats and the judiciary in the area of dispute. The involvement of these parties is important that the results of this activity followed up by an independent institution in Pilkades dispute resolution with consideration of existing regional regulations. How To Cite : Fauziyah, F., & Praptianingsih, S. (2015). Dispute Settlement Patterns on The Village Chief Election at Bondowoso Regency. Rechtsidee, 2 (1), 11-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.8


Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of health personnel to CAM methods, and their knowledge and use of them. Methods: The study was descriptive in nature. It was conducted between March and June 2014 with 202 health workers employed at two government hospitals in the province of Manisa, Turkey. Results: It was found that 74.8% of the health workers used CAM methods, 81.7% had a medium to good knowledge of them, and more than half had positive attitudes towards them. The three CAM methods which the participants knew about and used the most were, in order, the use of plants, showers, and hot and cold treatment. Health personnel differed in their attitudes to CAM methods according to their profession, educational level and gender (p< .05). Conclusion: Health personnel had a high level of knowledge, they had positive attitudes towards CAM methods and most of them used at least one CAM method. Doctors, those with a higher educational level and female health workers had greater knowledge of CAM, while nurses and female health workers had a higher opinion of CAM.


The concept of algae biorefinery is attracting attention because of the abundant valuable compounds within algal biomass. Phenyllactic acid (PhLA), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial organic acid that can be produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is considered a potential biopreservative. In this study, a cascading biorefinery approach was developed to harvest PhLA from Porphyra residues by LAB fermentation. LAB strains were cultivated in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth to screen their ability to produce PhLA. As the strains of Lactobacillus plantarum KP3 and L. plantarum KP4 produced higher concentrations of PhLA at 0.09 mg/mL, these two strains were employed for fermentation. After phycobiliprotein extraction, the Porphyra residues, ultrafiltration eluate, phenylalanine (Phe) and yeast extract with a volume of 20 mL were inoculated with LAB strain KP3 and fermented at 37 °C for 120 h. The PhLA content of the fermented broth was 1.86 mg. To optimize the biorefinery process, the ultrafiltration eluate was replaced by commercial cellulase. Up to 4.58 mg of PhLA, which was 2.5 times greater than that produced from KP3 cultured in MRS broth, could be harvested. Taken together, the findings provide an optimized process for LAB fermentation, which is shown to be a feasible algae biorefinery approach to obtaining PhLA from Porphyra residues.


One objective of the present work is to study the processes of assembly/self assembly of diamond clusters into nanostructures such as dots, wires,and filmsunder the influence of high electric fields. Diamond nanoparticles (∼2-5 nm in size) in a suspension of ethyl alcohol were deposited by pulsed electrophoresis onto sharp metal needles, such as those employed for field electron emission applications [1,2]. A custom designed sample holder has been constructed for a JEOL 2010 F, which allows for the convenient transfer of the sharp metal wires for analysis at high resolution, and then for removal (e.g. for re-deposition). These procedures allow us to precisely control the deposition thickness and morphology. They are capable of building a variety of deposition structures, even an isolated nanodiamond particle. The geometry of the deposits depends upon the applied voltage, the concentration of the suspension, the pulse duration, and the local electric field (which in turn depends on tip geometry, e.g. see Fig. 1).


Community Based Training is an on-site training program tailored to an employer's specific hiring needs. The training takes place in the actual work area in the workplace, and a professionally trained job coach is located on-site to provide additional support in training. The study was conducted in Keble 05 Debre markos town found in Amhara region, East Gojjam Zone, which is located 299 km for away from Addis Ababa and 265 km away from Bihar Dar town.
The Administration has 8 sefer the keble has 8551 population of these 4447 were female and 4104 male, its climate condition, woynadega and had 45 government and private health institution. The aim of the study was to assess the community health status and health related condition in Keble 05 Debre Markos town, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia,2013.
Method: Community based cross sectional survey conducted from 25/08/2013-24/09/2013 by using interviewer administrative questioner and observation. The study conducted in urban population Keble 05 Debire markos town.
Result: The cross sectional descriptive study, 94% of house hold in the keble had latrine facility Among this 50% of house don't have hand washing facility connected with latrine among women who were pregnant 100% were attained at least 1st ANC and 90 of them deliver in the health facility from breast feeding 18% of children stop breast feeding before the age of 6 month and early and late feeding also present in 9% of children.
Conclusion: Most of the house hold in the kebel had latrine constructed but most of them had no hand washing facility connected with latrine and low coverage of solid and liquid waste disposal system. There were also different
problems like low immunization coverage's, low family planning, utilization poor wining and exclusive breast feeding


In this paper, we propose an equalizer to minimize the inter-symbol interference when PSSK(Phase Silence Shift Keying) technique is applied to the low power underwater acoustic communication. PSSK is a QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation combined with PPM(Pulse Position Modulation), and it was proposed for low power communication. However, it has poor performance due to delay spread of underwater channel. In this paper, we propose a decision feedback equalizer to minimize the error in PSSK receiver. The sea trial was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. In the result, the BER of PSSK was before the equalizer was applied, but the BER of PSSK was after the proposed equalizer was applied.


Although concrete is the most widely used construction material, its deficiency in shrinkage and low tensile resistance is undeniable. However, the aforementioned defects can be partially modified by addition of fibers. On the other hand, possibility of adding waste materials in concrete has provided a new ground for use of recycled concrete aggregates in the construction industry. In this study, a constant combination of recyclable coarse and fine concrete aggregates was used to replace the corresponding aggregates at 50% substitution percentage. Moreover, in order to investigate the effects of fibers on mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete, the amounts of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% steel fibers (ST) and 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% polypropylene (PP) fibers by volumes were used individually and in hybrid forms. Compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption, toughness, elastic modulus and shrinkage of samples were investigated. The results of mechanical properties showed that PP fibers reduced the compressive strength while positive impact of steel fibers was evident both in single and hybrid forms. Tensile and flexural strength of samples were improved and the energy absorption of samples containing fibers increased substantially before and after crack presence. Growth in toughness especially in hybrid fiber-reinforced specimens retarded the propagation of cracks. Modulus of elasticity was decreased by the addition of PP fibers while the contrary trend was observed with the addition of steel fibers. PP fibers decreased the ultrasonic pulse velocity slightly and had undesirable effect on water absorption. However, steel fiber caused negligible decline in UPV and a small impact on water absorption. Steel fibers reduce the drying shrinkage by up to 35% when was applied solely. Using fibers also resulted in increasing the ductility of samples in failure. In addition, mechanical properties changes were also evaluated by statistical analysis of MATLAB software and smoothing spline interpolation on compressive, flexural, and indirect tensile strength. Using shell interpolation, the optimization process in areas without laboratory results led to determining optimal theoretical points in a two-parameter system including steel fibers and polypropylene.


A presentation of concepts, methods, algorithms, techniques, procedures and applications of the field of circuits and systems. Written by international specialists, it gives special emphasis to the interaction between the classic areas of systems theory (feedback control, circuits design and electronics) and the modern techniques of computational intelligence (neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic and expert systems). The book is composed of four parts. The first is devoted to circuits and electronics and also includes power systems. Part Two refers to systems theory and control (H-infinity problems, feedback control, non-linear systems, robust stability and robust control, multivariable systems, hybrid systems and hydraulic systems). Part Three presents developments in robotics (theory and applications), while Part Four is devoted to computational intelligence in systems theory.


In order to measure the decay data of ~(173,174)Lu,a procedure for separation of micrograms of ~(173,174)Lu from grams of Yb is needed.Cation exchange column chromatography was used to separate ~(173,174)Lu from irradiated natural Yb target with polystyrene sulfonate ion exchange resins (type 002×8,grain size 40-50 μm) as the fixed phase and aqueous solution of α-HIBA (α-hydroxyisobutyric acid) as the eluent.The effects of temperature and carrier amounts on the separation were studied.A series of methods for removal of α-HIBA from the eluate were studied and compared,including decomposition with concentrated HClO_4-HNO_3,cation exchange chromatography,hydroxide precipitation,solvent extraction with HDEHP,and HDEHP extraction chromatography.The finally selected chromatographic conditions are as follows:resin bed φ20 mm×500 mm,eluent 0.07 mol/L α-HIBA (pH = 6.2),flow rate 5 mL/ min,and column temperature 55 ℃.Under these conditions 0.8 μg of ~(173,174)Lu is successfully obtained by twice column separations from 550 mg of irradiated Yb target.The recovery of ~(173,174)Lu is about 98%.The decontamination factor for Yb is higher than 10~4.


T he general scaling equations presented in this article are based on interactions between shock waves generated by explosions in air and targets that can be fully defined by two parameters in a simple mathematical model. Simplicity is achieved by ignoring many factors that complicate rather than illuminate the study of blast phenomena. These scaling equations, and the analytic techniques based on their use, are not intended to be precision tools for computing specific effects with maximum accuracy, even though they are often as accurate as far more complicated computational techniques. Their unique value lies in their use of a dimensionless, universal scaling parameter whose values span the entire spectrum of blast damage phenomena, from the effects of a few pounds of conventional high explosives to those of megatons of equivalent TNT. The reader is cautioned, however, not to expect real targets to behave precisely like the simplified models from which the scaling equations were derived, but he is encouraged to use the equations freely as a means of correlating isolated pieces of data with the basic analytic structure of blast damage relationships. This analysis deals with targets and the interactions between them and the shock waves generated by the detonation of explosives. It limits its attention to that fraction of the total range of scaled distances within which a variety of actual targets , varying widely in toughness , have been destroyed by air


Three new polynuclear Ca(II)- and Na(I) phosphate complexes with two strategically oriented bulky amide groups, 2,6-(PhCONH)(2)C(6)H(3)OPO(3)H(2), were synthesized, including one with a zigzag-chain, [Ca(II)[O(3)POC(6)H(3)-2,6-(NHCOPh)(2)](H(2)O)(4)(EtOH)](n), a cyclic-octanuclear form, [Ca(II)(8)[O(3)POC(6)H(3)-2,6-(NHCOPh)(2)](8)(O=CHNMe(2))(8)(H(2)O)(12)], and a hexanuclear complex, (NHEt(3))[Na(3)[O(3)POC(6)H(3)-2,6-(NHCOPh)(2)](2)(H(2)O)(MeOH)(7)]. X-ray crystallography revealed that all have an unsymmetric ligand position due to the bulky amide groups. A dynamic transformation of the Ca(II) zigzag-chain structure to the cyclic-octanuclear complex was induced by changing coordination of DMF molecules, which caused a reorganization of the intermolecular/intramolecular hydrogen bond network.


The effect of binding on atoms in a crystal lattice is considered in relation to the determination of neutron cross sections. The energies involved are usually insufficient to excite the nucleus itself to higher energy levels, in which case the nucleus could be treated as a single particle for thermal neutrons. The calculations of Finkelstein (Phys. Hev. 72, 907(1947)) are extended, and it is shown that the Einstein model has a greater range of applicability to neutron scattering than previously thought. All possible transitions are summed, thus allowing application of any Einstein medel and any substance temperature. It was concludod that computations using Einstein cross sections may be made for high sample temperatures and high neutron energies which can be expected to be in good agreement with observation, while the same calculation can be made only with great difficulty using Debye cross sections. (J.R.D.)


The derivatives of Ph2P(O)NHOH obtained using (+) and (–)-camphor-10-sulfonyl chloride rearrange with RNH2(R = But or Me) to give PhP(O)NHR having a small excess of the (+) or (–) enantiomer; this asymmetric induction is consistent with the initial product of rearrangement being a phosphonamidic–sulfonic mixed anhydride.


A new theory is developed in this paper to explain the collapse of current gain in multi-finger power AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT's). The reasons behind this unwanted phenomenon are fully clarified using a simple model to investigate the thermo-electrical interaction between the fingers. The existence of multi-value equilibrium points in model's constitutive equations is shown to be the necessary condition for the collapse of current gain to appear. For a N-finger device, N different patterns of collapse exist. The criterion to select the global stable pattern is given. The method has been used to predict the collapse in AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's and the agreement is excellent. The method also predicts that the collapse can happen far earlier than is normally expected in multi-finger high-power devices. The influence of ballasting resistance and thermal resistance is also investigated.


The analysis of the literature data has led us to the conclusion that the results of the investigations concerned with the relationship between sleep apnea syndrome and reflux pathologies are highly ambiguous and even conflicting. Thus far, there is no generally accepted opinion as regards the frequency of the combination of gastroesophageal reflux disease and pharyngo-laryngeal reflux with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; nor is it known whether these conditions aggravate each other or have similar pathogenetic mechanisms. The majority of the published studies involved small groups of the patients which accounts for poor statistical significance of their results as recognized by the authors themselves. We are unaware of the investigations including the surgical treatment of sleep apnea syndrome and the estimation of its outcomes on reflux pathologies. Certain authors report the totally different data characterizing the clinical effectiveness of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) technique and the results of pharmacotherapy with the use of anti-reflux medications. Taken together, these observations suggest the necessity of further investigations into the relationship between reflux pathologies and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.


Coumarinic acid β-glucoside has been identified in Hierochloe odorata. Carbon dioxide-C14 was administered to this species, and the plants were allowed to metabolize for periods up to 31 days. "Free" coumarin was recovered by simple extraction, and additional coumarin and o-coumaric acid were recovered after hydrolysis of the corresponding glucosides with emulsin. The total C14 in o-coumaric acid reached a maximum in about 4 days and then declined, but the peak in the total C14 of coumarin was not reached until 8 to 17 days after activation. o-Coumaryl glucoside and coumarin are thus both metabolic intermediates rather than end products, and the glucoside is formed first. This supports the orthohydroxylation theory of coumarin biosynthesis. The specific activity of coumarin liberated by emulsin hydrolysis from the glucoside was consistently lower than that of "free" coumarin. This is irreconcilable with the proposed formation of free coumarin from coumarinic acid glucoside as a major pathway in vivo unles...


The hydrogen bubble technique is adopted for investigating the effect of varied pressure gradient on the coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer. The coherent structures in concave wall and protruding wall, the two more common kinds of divergent passages, are studied and the follow results are obtained. In contrast with the coherent structures in the case of protruding wall, the coherent structures are more active and much more streamwise vortices and spanwise vortices are found in concave wall. Even this activity will be enhanced along with the flow in cancave wall. Although there are some obvious differences on coherent structures, the spanwise spacing of the low- speed streaks all cluster with λ+z= 100 in the both cases.


On the basis of defining the producers in the supply chain of agricultural products, the SWOT analysis is adopted to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of producers in the supply chain of Chinese agricultural products. The paper analyzes the advantages of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products from three aspects including land resources, technology level of producers and input costs. The disadvantages of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from three aspects including scale level, mechanization and technology level and profit level. The opportunities of producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from me aspects of laws, policies, Capitals and technologies. The threats confronted by the producers in the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed from foreign producers, negotiation control of supply chain of agricultural chain, environmental protection and quality safety standard. On the basis of the analysis, the relevant suggestions on facilitating the interests of producers in the supply chain of Chinese agricultural products are put forward, including fully displaying the advantages of land resources; improving the knowledge and technology level of supply chain of agricultural production; establishing the alliances of producers of agricultural products to expand production scale; improving the quality of agricultural products to satisfy the relevant safety quality standard and environmental protection standard.


A rigorous analysis of the concept of coupling manipulation utilizing two antennas suited to modern smartphone devices in talk position for voice calls is presented. By using the optimum relative phase between the elements, they can substantially reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) but still maintain efficiency due to the splitting of power between them and by exploiting a suitable level of interelement coupling. The same antenna elements can still be used for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) when not in talk position without heavily degrading their fundamental capacity limit, but this is of secondary importance. The concept could be applied to frequency ranges used in mobile communications from 1.8 to 6 GHz where the ground plane has sufficient form factor. Extensive simulations using two planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) operating at 2.4 GHz are carried out to demonstrate conceptually how two antennas can be optimized to reduce SAR by over 50% compared to a single antenna element. SAR reduction is maintained regardless of the user's head composition and how they are handling the device in a talk position. Antenna prototypes are measured and compared to verify the capacity when the handset is used away from the body with two MIMO terminal antennas.


Problem based learning is being applied in marketing courses as an effective means of developing knowledge and skills in a contextualised setting. However, courses continue to be evaluated using the traditional CATEI questionnaire which provides very limited feedback and modest direction for instructors seeking to improve their courses. In this paper we pilot the use of learner auto/ethnography to gather detailed information that may assist with course improvement. This new method shows potential as a tool for collecting detailed insight about the student experience and presents enormous potential for informing course improvement.


The paper shows the new method of measurement of yarn length in loop which was developed regarding computer analysis of knitted fabrics pictures on the base of real axis loom path described by co-ordinates in coordinate system XYZ. The measurements of the three-dimensional yarn length in loop were realized in specially developed computer program "The three-dimensional analysis of the loop's picture" that also gives the possibilities of graphic presentation of real shape indicated axis loom path in rectangular coordinate system XY, XZ, YZ. There is shown the characteristic of developed research place that enables the realization of measurements in compute program in 3D system on the base of registered knitted fabrics pictures in particular measurement surfaces. It was also indicated that developed method of measurement of three-dimensional yarn length in loop regarding computer analysis of knitted fabrics pictures is characterized by high precision and gives results closer to experimental values than results gets by using theoretical methods.


The McMaster Undergraduate Medical Programme is unique in several ways, and has been fully described elsewhere. There are no formal 'courses' in separate discipline areas and no statutory examinations. Emphasis is placed on the study of clinical problems (problem based learning) throughout the programme and students are encouraged to develop independent study habits. To support this programme a variety of learning resources have been developed. In this paper, one such learning resource developed by the Department of Anatomy is described. Key morphological subject areas have been identified and 'modules' assembled which contain various physical items to illustrate the subject, with instructions provided in print format or on audiotape. The materials contained in a module range from specimens, prosections, annotated charts, and models, to radiographs, pathological and histological materials, films and slide/tape shows. Teachers are available to be consulted by the students. Self evaluation exercises are provided in the modules. This method of providing self study material is a major method of learning in morphology and is being further developed and extended into other programmes. The module has been warmly received by teachers and by students in both the Undergraduate M.D. and other Health Science Programmes.


The present work is part of the formulation of the master's degree project in process, in the line of research of History of the Education of College of Education of the Federal University of Pelotas under orientation of Profa Dra Giana Lange do Amaral. This research intends to draw the students' profile that they went to the Patronato Agricola Visconde da Graca, today, Conjunto Agrotecnico Visconde da Graca in the period of 1923 (his creation) up to 1934 (when it passed to Aprendizado Agricola Visconde da Graca to be denominated) in the city of Pelotas-RS. It is also intention of this study to visualize the daily relationships established inside of the school atmosphere in a pretension of understanding the "pedagogy of interning". The sources used for this study will be the students' records, the annual correspondences, the annual reports, interviews and pictures.


There are many aspects of elementary education for Negroes which might be studied to determine or suggest types and degrees of needed redirection. It is the purpose of this report to present the results of study in three phases of elementary education for Negroes and to suggest needed redirection or increased emphasis on these particular aspects. The three aspects which will be treated are: (1) Needed redirection of curriculum procedures, (2) needed redirection in selection and use of teaching materials, and (3) equalization of teachers and physical facilities for Negro children.


The reported work aimed at modeling process of radionuclide migration from the near-surface waste burial (trench no.22) containing nuclear fuel particles to the unsaturated zone and aquifer. The developed global model of the waste site accounts for dissolution of reactor fuel particles, vertical radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone, and horizontal transport in the underlying aquifer by advection-dispersion mechanisms. It is based on the following sub-models: the geostatistical model for radioactivity distribution in trench; the radionuclide source term model describing dissolution of fuel particles, radionuclide redistribution in the trench body and unsaturated zone (STERM1D) and the two- and three-dimensional contaminant transport in the aquifer (MODFLOW - MT3D). Modeling work included sensitivity analyses, calibrations and eventually validation tests for the global model by means of comparison of model predictions to experimental data. In addition, a preliminary step by step validation process was applied to "elementary" sub-models. The developed modeling methodology is mostly suited for producing spatially averaged parameter values (such as radionuclide concentrations in trench porous solution, integral radionuclide release to aquifer) and is applicable for long-term predictions on a scale of decades assuming that hydrological and geochemical conditions remain steady state.


No LARGE-SIZED modern state can be governed effectively if it is excessively centralized. The awareness of this has given rise to the concept of federalism. In the present era some liberal democracies have been able to put federalism into practice with varying degrees of success. Federalism is defined as a political system that allocates authority between a central government and a series of local


The concept of ecotourism emerged in 1960th,and was brought up formally in 1983.After Agenda 21,The International Year of Ecotourism,and The Quebec Declaration on Ecotourism,ecotourism and sustainable tourism are the main stream of tourism industries.However,during the two decades,the definition of ecotourism has always been challenged resulting its bewilderment.And that situation also made the emerging of urban ecotourism full of argument and contradiction.The purpose of this paper is to review the references of urban ecotourism and to explore the trend that urban areas have become the focuses of ecotourism.Considering the point that urban ecotourism has been proposed since 1996,thirty four relative references published both in English and Chinese after 1996 are collected.Four aspects of all the references,including case-study areas,themes of topic,research methods,and locations of researchers are discussed.The result reveals that the theories of urban ecotourism have not been debated in depth and the base of theories has not been constructed yet.The qualitative methods play the main tool among all the references,and descriptive method is used to promote the researchers' hypothesis in some.Reflecting with case-study areas and locations of researchers among them,China was the main country in discussing this topic,and many cities in China are used as case study areas.But most of the research are like the introduction of traveling resources more rather than providing deep suggestions and strategies.All in all,this paper concludes that the relative research,the thickness may have not been formed.Hence,the essence of ecotourism must be held to avoid the operation of urban ecotourism to be covered by fake ecotourism,and become no more than a tool of urban marketing.That will bring a real disaster to the relatively natural areas in a city and make urban tourism departing from the way to real ecotourism.As a result,it is suggested if the distinguishing characteristics are proposed clearly,the relative research in the future may have its contributions.


The utility model provides a fast leakage stopping pipe fitting of a feed pipe socket and spigot joint, belonging to the city water supply engineering field, and particularly relates to the repairing of the water leakage of a socket joint casting iron pipe joint. The socket and spigot joint includes two clamping plates, a rubber ring, and a locking bolt. The socket and spigot joint provided can quickly repair the water leaked joint under the condition of cutting off the water supply without the need for chipping off the material of the original joint and replacing the pipeline parts; in addition, the socket and spigot joint is convenient in operation, fast in repairing speed and high in efficiency, and particularly, the socket and spigot joint has no influence on industrial and agricultural productions and residents' life due to the cut-off of water supply.


In this paper, we introduce the Modulo Radon Transform (MRT) which is complemented by an inversion algorithm. The MRT generalizes the conventional Radon Transform and is obtained via computing modulo of the line integral of a two-dimensional function at a given angle. Since the modulo operation has an aliasing effect on the range of a function, the recorded MRT sinograms are always bounded, thus avoiding information loss arising from saturation or clipping effects. This paves a new pathway for imaging applications such as high dynamic range tomography, a topic that is in its early stages of development. By capitalizing on the recent results on Unlimited Sensing architecture, we prove that the Modulo Radon Transform can be inverted when the resultant (discrete/continuous) measurements map to a band-limited function. Thus, the MRT leads to new possibilities for both conceptualization of inversion algorithms as well as development of new hardware, for instance, for single-shot high dynamic range tomography.


During the years 1942 to 1944 an attempt was made to assess the prophylactic value of a pertussis vaccine by comparing the fate of inoculated children with that of control children. In Oxford City the trial was run in conjunction with the Public Health Department; it comprised 327 inoculated and 305 control children, who were followed up for over a year after their last inoculation. During this time only sporadic cases of whooping-cough occurred. From Nov., 1942, onwards small but similar groups of inoculated and control children were observed in eight residential nurseries for evacuees. In four of these nurseries (Nos. 1, 2, 5, and 8! an epidemic of whoopingcough occurred some time after the inoculations were comnleted, enabling the experience of the two groups to be compared. The outbreak at one of these nurseries (No. 1) has already been reported (McFarlan and Topley, 1943), but for the ';ake of completeness it is included with three other outbreaks at Nurseries 2, 5, and 8, to be described now. The present report summarizes the evidence obtained using a total (English) dosage of 40,000 million organisms in Oxford City and two resideLtial nurseries (Nos. 1 and 2), and a higher dosage at two other residential nurseries (Nos. 5 and 8). The investigation


Geography and social movements: a contribution to the discussion This article intends to be a further contribution to the discussion on the theme of social movements in Geography, from the perspective of proposing views on the construction and action of social movements in Brazil, but also understand how such social practices contributed to the production of the brazilian Geography in the last thirty years regarding to its objects and theoretical and methodological practices.


Abstract Persistent radicals, which are generated from 2‐oxindole or benzofuranone dimers, are useful tools for designing the radical‐based cross‐coupling reaction to provide molecules containing a quaternary carbon. The persistent radical is accessible from both the dimer and monomer; however, the reactivity difference between these substrates for the oxidative cross‐coupling reaction is not fully understood, most likely because of the mechanistic complexity. Here, we present details of an aerobic cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction using various monomers and catechols. UV‐Vis analysis and mechanistic control experiments showed that the monomer is less reactive than the dimer under aerobic conditions. Our Pd(II)‐BINAP‐μ‐hydroxo complex significantly improved the reactivity of the monomers for the aerobic CDC reaction with catechols, yielding results comparable to those of the corresponding dimer. The procedure, which enables the generation of the persistent radical in situ, is particularly useful when employing the monomer that is not readily converted to the corresponding dimer.


In the present time the key challenge is how to obtain a working application for solving user requirements as soon as possible. One option is to use Oracle APEX tool. In this thesis we introduce the process of developing a web application using Oracle APEX. In the beginning, we explain what Oracle APEX is, how it works, and also introduce the key concepts of developing a web application with this tool. This is followed by the description of the software development approach used by Oracle APEX called the rapid-application development (RAD). The result of the thesis is a working web application connected to the Oracle database. The application can be used for reviewing and multi-phase validation of accounts. At the end, we present our thoughts which include evaluation of the APEX tool and possible improvements.


Since it was first recorded in 1989, Piscirickettsia salmonis has been a constraint on the Chilean salmon farming industry (Bravo & Campos 1989; Fryer, Lannan, Garcés, Larenas & Smith 1990). This obligate, intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium and the disease it causes, known as salmon rickettsial septicaemia (Cvitanich, Gárate & Smith 1991) or piscirickettsiosis (Fryer, Lannan, Giovannoni & Wood 1992), causes major losses in salmon farming in Chile (Smith, Pizarro, Ojeda, Contreras, Oyanedel & Larenas 1999). Laboratory diagnosis of P. salmonis is based largely on a presumptive detection using Giemsa stained smears or on pathogen isolation by cell culture (Fryer et al. 1990). Confirmative diagnosis is by indirect fluorescent antibody test (Lannan, Ewing & Fryer 1991; OIE 2000), immunohistochemistry (Alday-Sanz, Rodger, Turnbull, Adams & Richards 1994; OIE 2000), and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Mauel, Giovannoni & Fryer 1996; OIE 2000; House & Fryer 2002). The interest in the use of DNA-based techniques for the diagnosis/detection of fish and shellfish pathogens, particularly those that are difficult to culture, has been steadily increasing. The present communication reports on two of these approaches, dot-blot hybridization (DBH) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Two sets of primers (PS2S-PS2AS and PS2SPS3AS) were used as specific DNA probes against P. salmonis according to information reported by Mauel et al. (1996). Unless otherwise indicated procedures were performed at room temperature. Appropriate non-infected samples were included as controls for both DBH and ISH. For hybridization detection, the primers were directly labelled with 11-digoxigenin-dNTPs (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany) by PCR amplification. For the DBH assay, a phenolic extraction of nucleic acids was made from samples of kidney, liver and spleen of P. salmonis (SLGO-95 strain)-infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and from the supernatant of infected CHSE-214 cells. The tissue samples were obtained from an infectivity trial performed in our laboratory. Briefly, the samples were homogenized and digested with a lysis buffer (280 mm Tris, 80 mm EDTA, 45 mm SDS, 685 mm NaCl, 1.3% b-mercaptoethanol) and Proteinase K (0.2 mg mL; GibcoBRL, Carlsbad, CA, USA), incubated at 50 C for 1 h and subjected to a phenol/chloroform extraction. Extracted DNAs were denatured at 95 C for 5 min, quenched on ice for 3 min and then treated with 2x SSC (standard saline citrate 20x: 300 mm NaCl, 30 mm Na citrate, pH 7.0) and blotted onto positively charged nylon membranes (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USA). The membranes and nucleic acids were cross-linked by UV radiation for 3 min and treated with a Journal of Fish Diseases 2004, 27, 431–433


In this study, the causal relationship between the management performance, organizational effectiveness and customer orientation of the hotel company was identified, and the adjustment effect through the compensation system was analyzed, and both the research theory 1, 2 and 3 were adopted. As a result, firstly, from the perspective of a hotel company, organizational support for its employees should be ensured, and second, from the perspective of a hotel company''s owners, it should be recognized that the proper compensation system for the organization has a positive effect on organizational effectiveness. Third, from the perspective of a company, it will be necessary to strengthen customer-oriented services through proper support from the organization and internal marketing first rather than making management performance a priority corporate goal.


Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae family tree pollen [9] (mountain cedar Jun a 1) [10–12] in tobacco plants transfected with a tobacco mosaic viral vector. The tobacco-expressed recombinant Jun a 1 (rJun a 1) exhibited enzymatic activity as a pectate lyase and significant allergenicity, suggesting that it retains the correctly folded protein structure. This success in a plant but not in bacteria, yeast, or insect cells [8] is not that surprising given that Jun a 1 is of plant origin and plant cells are considered to be equipped with machinery for the optimized production and quality control of plant-derived proteins. The tobacco mosaic virus could be a new choice to produce biologically active recombinant allergens. Liu et al. [8] observed the induction of leaf necrosis upon transfection with an rJun a 1-expressing viral vector and speculated that degradation of the adhesive pectin layer between the plant cells by the pectate lyase activity of rJun a 1 caused the necrosis. One limitation of the use of plants for the production of plant-derived allergens is that the biochemical activity of the allergens (e.g. the pectate lyase activity of Jun a 1) harmful to the host plant might limit productivity. However, in the case of Jun a 1, 100 and 6 g of the recombinant were obtained from 1 g of tobacco leaf before and after purification, corresponding to a yield higher than 100 or 6 mg/l of leaf extract, Recombinant allergens, which can be prepared in large amounts and with high purity and homogeneity, will be useful for the standardization of allergens for diagnosis and therapy, and for research purposes such as the analysis of IgE epitopes and the engineering of allergens for future allergen-specific immunotherapy [1–5] . The production of recombinant allergens by microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and yeast Pichia pastoris , has major advantages in terms of handling, time, and costs compared to the purification of natural allergens from natural extracts of mites, pollen, and food, among others. Recombinant allergens expressed in E. coli frequently accumulate as insoluble inclusion bodies within the cells and refolding is necessary to prepare soluble proteins with a correctly folded structure and allergenicity equivalent to the natural allergens [6] . However, the refolding is not always successful. Yeast P. pastoris , which secretes many recombinant allergens with a folded structure, can be recommended as a second choice [7] . If attempts fail in bacteria and yeast, insect cells transfected with a baculoviral vector or mammalian cells can be examined, although they have disadvantages in terms of handling, time, and costs compared to microorganisms. Liu et al. [8] succeeded in the expression of a biologically active recombinant form of a major group 1 allergen from Published online: July 14, 2010


A series of three-dimensional (3-D) hydrogen-bonded structures of lanthanide aquo ions and 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) or protonated bpyH + as ligands and hydrogen-bonding tectons have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, with both Cl - and [Co(C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] - counteranions. All show related structures with unidirectional rectangular channels filled by additional bpy molecules for the complexes [Yb(H 2 O) 8 ](bpy) 2.5 Cl 3 ·6.5(H20) and [Yb(H20)8]4(bpy) 9.5 Cl 12 ·24.5(H20) or by [Co(C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] - anions for the complexes [Ln(bpy)(H20)8]2(bpy) 10 [Co(C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] 6 ·1.5(EtOH)·15(H20) where Ln = La, Ce, [Sm(H 2 O) 5 (bpy)2(EtOH)]-[Sm(H20)6(bpyH)(EtOH)](bpyH)(bpy) 10 [Co(C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] 8 ·EtOH·9(H20), and [Ln(H20)6(bpy)(bpyH 0.5 )] 2 [Ln(H20)7(bpy)](bpyH)2-(bpy)i4[Co(C 2 B 9 H 11 ) 2 ] 12 ·n(EtOH)·5(H20) where Ln = Gd, Tb, and Ho. The smaller (CB 11 H 12 )- anion does not template a similar structure; instead the complex [(bpyH)3(bpy)(CB 11 H 12 ) 3 ] is isolated with a one-dimensional (1-D) hydrogen-bonded ladder structure.


In this paper, we analyze the outage and ergodic capacities of a dual-hop cooperative system equipped with a single fixed-gain (also known as semi-blind) relay whilst considering an interference at the relay terminal. We derive the expression for end-to-end signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the system under consideration. Using this expression, we then derive new exact closed-form expressions for the outage and ergodic capacities assuming flat Rayleigh fading conditions. Furthermore, new analytical closed-form expressions are derived for the gain of relay which are then used in the numerical simulations. Finally, we also provide the Monte Carlo simulations and show their exact match with our derived closed-form expressions.


Using a case study, this article identifies the factors that are important in the effective implementation of mixing self-paced and lock-step learning (a specific type of blended learning (BL)) in the context of training military technicians. Due to budget and time constraints, the training authorities in most worldwide organisations, and in military organisations in particular, face a challenge in the increase of training demand to deliver and sustain a qualified workforce. This study explored the advantages of this type of BL to address the challenge. The data was collected by group interviewing stakeholders, i.e. the course managers and instructors. The interview workshops identified the features of the designed course structure and trainee flow process that would impact on the effective operation of BL learning. The trainees' data in training hours was analyzed to examine the BL impact on the training throughput. The management science concepts from, e.g. Lean thinking and Queuing theory, are used to recognize enabling factors that make this implementation work. This article concludes that the BL discussed here can help to address the training challenge for organisations to build workforce capability by catering to diverse learning needs, especially for motivated trainees in their career education. It is hoped that the lessons learned from this study will contribute to the knowledge in the field of adult education and workplace learning in the designing and implementation of more flexible training programs.


Building an animal model for a disease is a better avenue to understand the inner mechanism of it. Traditional Chinese Medicine accumulated much practical experience and a large amount of literature to heal diseases during the past 3000 years. However, as there is no available animal model for TCM research because syndrome, the core of TCM theory, it is hard to be diagnosed from animals. In this paper, we present a novel strategy to build and evaluate an animal model for syndrome in TCM in the context of a disease. We first carried out a clinical epidemiology survey for a syndrome ( Blood stasis syndrome, BSS) diagnosed by TCM experts in the context of a disease ( Unstable angina, UA). Meanwhile, the blood samples of patients included in the survey were collected and measured as physical and chemical specifications by laboratory examinations. Alternatively, we used supervised data mining methods to build association between the specifications and the syndrome in the context of UA. The accuracy of classification was used to evaluate performance of the association built. Finally, we built an animal model for myocardial ischemia and validated the model by established diagnosis criterion of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, the built association was used to evaluate whether an animal is with BSS. The results indicated that the strategy successfully evaluates and separates the animal model for syndrome in TCM from the counterpart for myocardial ischemia. The novel strategy presented in the paper provides a better insight to understand the nature of syndrome in TCM and pave a basis for personalized therapies of UA.


This study discusses the problem of corruption that occurs in society. This study uses a textual approach and context in Islamic law. The results of the study show that: First, the nature of corruption is an act which all leads to evil, unrighteousness, fraud, injustice which consequently will damage and result in the destruction of the order of life of the family, society, nation and state; Secondly, the Qur'an and hadith mention corruption with several terms, such as: embezzlement, bribery, robbery, theft, and seizure; Third, sanctions for corruptors in the text and context of Islamic law are the death penalty, the law of cutting off hands, being crucified, crossing arms and legs crossing, being exiled and imprisoned.


In this article, through numerical simulation mechanic we investigated that charge structure, exploiting distinct radial detonation velocity explosives, has a remarkable influence on the forming process of shaped charge jet. Based on the numerical computational results, the contribution of charge proportion and filling mode to the shape and velocity of shaped charge jet are mainly analyzed, aiming to identify the best charge proportion. It is demonstrated from numerical experiments that, sub-munitions power is significantly enhanced premised on invariable size of sub-munitions. And this observation can be adopted to design of the warhead arrayed in net in the future.


Effects of stress on AVT and CRH mRNA expression in two strains of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) divergent in stress response


Soy bean and pigeon pea seeds are biodegradable, easily processed, readily available and relatively inexpensive. Owing to the competition in the food chain with soy bean seeds, pigeon pea seeds, because of their resistance to drought and not commonly consumed as soy bean were used to prepare adhesive glue for wood in this study. Analyses such as pH, viscosity, bond strength and moisture content were carried out on the resultant glue samples. The shear strength of the glue was also tested on wood specimens. This study also investigated the effects of calcium carbonate and wood flour fillers on the glue produced. It was discovered that the sample with ordinary soy bean had higher bond strength on wood samples than the glue sample with ordinary pigeon pea. The analyses of results obtained also showed that mixture of defatted soy flour and pigeon pea flour reinforced with calcium carbonate filler showed the highest bond strength. It can therefore be concluded that soybean glue and pigeon pea glue with CaCO3 filler produced a better alternative for the expensive and importation of glue in the market. Pigeon pea glue can be further modified to meet up with the shear strength of soy based adhesive in the future investigation. Key-Words: : calcium carbonate, filler, glue, pigeon pea, soy bean, wood flour, wood samples.