The ICMSET 2021 is the 5th International Conference on Material Science and Engineering Technology (5th ICMSET 2021) will take place in Jeju Island, Korea during March 12-14, 2021. But currently, the entire world is struggling against the virulent pandemic COVID-19, so that the ICMSET 2021 conference changed the presentation method from Oral presentation to Remote Video Presentation to help with Global Quarantine Activities. The Virtual of ICMSET 2021 was held on Jeju Island, Korea at Video Conference Meeting Room on March 12-14, 2021. The ICMSET Committee members attended conference at onsite and also authors attended the conference as Video Meeting. The conference program covered Invited Keynote Speech, Oral, and Poster Presentations, they presented their presentation 15 minutes including Q&A time. The committee of ICMSET 2021 expresses their sincere thanks to all authors for their high-quality research papers and careful presentations. All reviewers are also thanked for their careful comments and advices. Thanks, are finally given to IOP Publication as well for producing this volume. The Organizing Committee of ICMSET 2021 Committee Chair Prof. Dongkeon Kim Dong-A University List of Conference Photograph, Sponsors, Lists of Committees, all photos are available in the pdf


P. R. Kufahl, D. B. Rowe, S-J. Li Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States INTRODUCTION: Pharmacological FMRI in humans involves BOLD signal acquisition during and after the administration of a drug, and often results in a heterogeneous pattern of drug-induced hemodynamic responses in the brain. Exploratory techniques, including blind source separation, can be useful for BOLD data that contains patterns of cross-dependencies. Bayesian Source Separation (BSS) is a multivariate technique used to calculate the presence of unobserved signal sources in measured FMRI data, as well as the covariance between voxel timecourses [1]. In this study, BOLD measurement of the acute effect of an intravenous dose of cocaine, a substance shown previously to engage multiple sites within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) [2], was processed with BSS to find intervoxel correlation statistics. Unlike conventional correlation analysis, this technique does not assume independence between voxel time series. METHOD: Acute cocaine BOLD data was collected from cocaine-dependent human subjects as described previously (1.5 Tesla, 20 min scan, 64 x 64 x 5mm, infusion after 7 min, 150 time points) [2], generating a pattern of regionally-specific postinfusion BOLD inflections throughout the OFC (Figures 1, 2). BSS was then employed on 144 voxels of BOLD data from the 4 regions of interest in the OFC, utilizing a hemodynamic drug response model with a linear noise term, as described previously [3]. The mechanics of BSS for systems with known (noise trends) and unobserved (neural cocaine response) are available in detail [4]. Posterior estimates for covariance (following application of Bayes rule and Gibbs sampling) were converted into a correlation matrix (Figure 3) and thresholded at p < 0.05 (t = 1.66, Figure 4). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Figure 3 depicts strong dependencies between voxels of the same region within Regions 1, 2 and 3. Although interregional correlation exists throughout the OFC (strongest between Regions 1 and 3), only positive correlation scores remain statistically significant (Figure 4). The utility of BSS for exploring the spatial structure within human pharmacological FMRI data is thus demonstrated. REFERENCES: 1. Rowe, MRM 2001. 2. Kufahl et al., ISMRM 2003 (abs. 9). 3. Kufahl et al., MRM 2003 (abs. 1811). 4. Rowe, C & H. 2003. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was funded in part by NIH grants DA10214 and RR00058.


This study investigated the incidence of work-related diseases and injuries among cultivating farmers in Thailand by conducting a three-year retrospective study with 207,465 farmers from Roi-Et province and 154,478 farmers from Udon Thani province. Health data were collected from the hospital information systems (HIS) of Roi-Et and Udon Thani provinces for a three-year period (2014–2016). We used the ICD-10 classification codes for diseases and injuries to analyse the incidence rates per 100,000 farmers. The number of cases that visited health centres were 53,794 in Udon Thani (34.82%) and 77,438 in Roi-Et (37.32%). The top five morbidity rates in Roi-Et and Udon Thani were work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), followed by injuries, infectious disease, skin disease, and lung disease. The incidence of diseases and injuries found in Roi-Et, a more cultivating-agriculture-based province, was higher than that found in Udon Thani province. WMSDs were the greatest health concern in regard to cultivating activities. Infectious and lung diseases might have also been related to the cultivating activities, which warrants further studies. Our findings highlight an urgent need for targeted occupational health services, and health and safety measures among cultivating farmers in both provinces. Regular monitoring and surveillance programmes for cultivating farmers need to be in place, at the provincial level, to mitigate risk and protect the health and well-being of the farmers.


Abstract: Iulia Bucescu, professor at the University of Arts "George Enescu" Iasi, was one of the greatest educators of the Romanian musical education field. A remarkable personality of the academic musical life, Iulia Bucescu was renowned especially for her ars docendi, as she served the musical didactic skillfully, with a lot of passion, tenacity and knowledge. She was also a master of musical experiments, thus obtaining exceptional results with her disciples. Her methods, her own system of tools for the formation and improvement of musical skills, her mastership and educational experience find their relevance in the volumes of Music Theory, Solfeggio and Musical Dictation which are to be presented in this scientific paper.Key words; Iulia Bucescu, didactic methods, theory of music, solfeggio, dictationINTRODUCTIONThe teaching line of Music Theory - Solfeggio - Dictation has a tremendous importance for the formation of future musicians, as it points toward the realization of several fundamental objectives, such as : the development of melodic, polyphonic and harmonic musical hearing, the development of memory, internal hearing, sense of rhythm (polyrhythmic), the proper solfeggio of different fragments from the universal literature (structured on stylistic coordinates), writing the melodic, polyphonic or harmonic dictations, and the analysis of musical language. Although in the last decades there were numerous treatises of Music Theory and practical works appeared in our country, a lot of them haven't completely proved their efficiency yet.In the following, our approach aims to be a journey in the "laboratory" of didactical experiments of the remarkable professor lulia Bucescu, in order to convey her original methods and procedures, whichshe successfully applied to her pupils and students, during all her years of musical didactic activity.During her didactic career in the music teaching at the university, lulia Bucescu was famous mainly through her ars docendi, as she served the musical didactic skillfully, with a lot of passion, tenacity and knowledge, experimenting and obtaining exceptional results with her disciples. Thus, she elaborated several practical works for Theory-Solfeggio-Musical dictation, a subject most cherished by her, "served" with a remarkable responsibility and exigency. The different levels of musical culture of her groups of students along the years determined her to deeply meditate upon the creation of new methods through which, within a relatively short lapse of time (three years), she could develop and improve the musical writing - reading skills, together with the capacity of aesthetic-stylistic analysis of different scores used in her classes.1. CHRESTOMATHIES OF TEXTS FROM MUSICAL LITERATUREThe first volumes, written for the internal use, in collaboration with the university professor Adrian Diaconu, are grouped in chrestomathies of works from universal and Rroman musical literature, joint according to the analytical program of the course: School Solfeggios (Booklet I), Collection of modal and tonal-modal solfeggios (Booklet II), Collection of solfeggios. Examples from the Romanian contemporary musical literature (Booklet III) and Collection of solfeggios. Examples from the universal contemporary musical literature (Booklet IV).In the debut volume, the musical examples cover a diverse stylistic area, from the Baroque era until the twentieth century, being systematized according to several objectives of acquiring specific knowledge about intonation and metric-rhythmic structures: solfeggios based on arpeggio, modulation, special rhythmic divisions, and solfeggios with a very difficult rhythm or with an alternative metric. The second volume introduces us to the modal and tonalmodal language of the twentieth century, through musical examples of several important Romanian composers (George Enescu, Achim Stoia, Ion Dumitrescu etc.) and teachers of Music Theory (loan Serfezi, Victor Giuleanu). …


General Editor's Note Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. "Eyes are a Surprise": The Origins of Gertrude Stein's Drama in Cinema 3. "Listen to Me": Stein and Avant-Garde Theater 4. Atom and Eve: Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights 5. "My Long Life": Final Works 6. "America is My Country": Gertrude Stein and the American Avant-Garde Appendix A: A Chronological List of Gertrude Stein's Plays Appendix B: A Chronological List of Professional Productions Appendix C: A Chronological List of Dramatic Adaptations Notes Bibliography Index


. A technique to derive the distance from near verti cal discharges in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide is descri bed. which utilizes the differences in the spatial and :fre quency dependencies of static, inductive and radiation field components. To avoid the influence of the source spectrum the wave impedance W C F ) measurements were proposed. The role of waveguide interfaces was described by the linear array of image sources. The measurements of the wave impedance ampli tude spectrum provide the evaluation of the frequency posi tion of intermediate region, where the static component beco mes minor. That later yields the distance in question. The validity of derived formula to determine short. source observer separations regardless of the ambient day or night propagation conditions was demonstrated.


This paper describes the design, prototype implementation, and evaluation of a system architecture for XML offload to a Cell processor-based workstation. This architecture includes a high-performance parser based on a novel enhanced finite state machine technology. RenderX 1 XML 2005 Conference proceeding by RenderX author of XML to PDF (XSL FO) formatter. XSL• FO formatter Re-format page sizes


Death is a phenomenon that has both psychical and sociocultural aspects. That is to say, having an unknown and complex nature death is a psychical concept and in view of various funeral ceremonies and grave styles it is a sociocultural concept. Like all other societies, the Arabian society before the reign of the Prophet Muhammad had some beliefs and rituals related to death and funeral ceremonies. With the prophet's new principles and practices about the concept of death however, they started to put what they learnt into practice while carrying on with some of the former ways. In this article, we intend to study the practice of the Arabian society about funeral ceremonies and graves. Discussing the subject from sociocultural point of view we will study the process after death with its important elements, i.e Islam prayer at funerals and burials and graves. So, the subjects like illness, visit the sick, the moment of death, the dead body's shroud etc. will be held in another article. Furthermore, death phenomenon will be considered as an important part of social life and held according to the historical methods. With this study we aim to use hadith as historical records for filling the gaps on the social life of the Prophet Muhammad's reign. Hence, hadith will be a field that gives valuable records to history for supporting the latter's effort to find all the necessary information about historical process.


The equatorial spread‐F (ESF) refers to the spread observed in return echoes of ionograms. Such spread in reflected echoes is found both in range and frequency, which can last for a few hours. These are due to large‐scale plasma irregularities occurring in the ionospheric heights on some nights. Under seemingly identical background conditions, ESF might occur on one night but remain absent on the other. These plasma irregularities adversely affect the trans‐ionospheric radio wave propagation but their occurrence on a given night continues to be one of the missing elements in our understanding of the equatorial ionospheric phenomena. In this work, the vertical propagation of gravity waves in daytime thermosphere has been shown to be a crucial parameter for the generation of ESF during post‐sunset hours. Using electron density profiles obtained from digisonde at Trivandrum, a dip‐equatorial location in India, we found that vertical propagation activity of gravity waves exists on 85% of the ESF days, whereas it is only 50% for the days without the occurrence of ESF during post‐sunset hours. Further, vertical propagation speeds of these gravity waves are higher on the ESF days than on the non‐ESF days. Also, ESF has been found to occur on 100% of the occasions, whenever the vertical speeds of these gravity waves are greater than 80 ms−1. This threshold value of vertical propagation speeds of gravity waves can be used to predict the ESF occurrence around 12–14 LT on that day, which is much in advance of the occurrence of ESF.


Simple Summary TGFβ is a proinflammatory molecule produced by the tumor and active in its microenvironment. Its influence on cancer metabolism might explain its wide range of effects, but it is still poorly investigated. This study for the first time analyzes the TGFβ/vitamin D interplay in human pancreatic cancer cells and the effects of these two antagonistic molecules on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which is an early step of cancer progression. Data collected in this work also reveal the long-term metabolic effects of TGFβ, which are also relevant in the development of pancreatic cancer in vivo. The results of this research suggest that good levels of vitamin D can prevent the early stages of tumor transformation; on the contrary, chronic exposure to the inflammatory cytokine has irreversible consequences since it supports a prometastatic metabolism, confirming TGFβ as a crucial therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Abstract The inflammatory cytokine TGFβ is both a tumor suppressor during cancer initiation and a promoter of metastasis along cancer progression. Inflammation and cancer are strictly linked, and cancer onset often correlates with the insufficiency of vitamin D, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the interplay between TGFβ and vitamin D in two models of human pancreatic cancer, and we analyzed the metabolic effects of a prolonged TGFβ treatment mimicking the inflammatory environment of pancreatic cancer in vivo. We confirmed the induction of the vitamin D receptor previously described in epithelial cells, but the inhibitory effects of vitamin D on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were lost when the hormone was given after a long treatment with TGFβ. Moreover, we detected an ROS-mediated toxicity of the acute treatment with TGFβ, whereas a chronic exposure to low doses had a protumorigenic effect. In fact, it boosted the mitochondrial respiration and cancer cell migration without ROS production and cytotoxicity. Our observations shed some light on the multifaceted role of TGFβ in tumor progression, revealing that a sustained exposure to TGFβ at low doses results in an irreversibly increased EMT associated with a metabolic modulation which favors the formation of metastasis.


:  Henriksen discusses what it means that God is personal, with special regard to the claim that God is love. If God is love, God must be understood as personal. This approach is related to different elements concerning human life and human freedom, and how to engage in human life. Also the radical alternative is suggested: instead of understanding God as love, the alternative is considered that death is God (as the final and strongest power there is). This alternative shows that it is the most likely interpretation of actual human conduct to opt for the alternative that God is love. Hence, to understand God as love is part of what it means to relate humanely and with hope to what is taking place in human life.


In this article we look at people who migrated from the Dutch province of Friesland to the Dutch capital, Amsterdam. We examine developments within Friesland itself at the time of migration. This case-study offers a unique opportunity to relate developments in the sending society (Friesland) to the nature of organisations in the receiving society (Amsterdam). Many similarities have been noted between internal migration and international migration; it is therefore reasonable to assume that what is observed in this case may also have relevance for international migrants. Developments within Friesland, more than any other factor, determined the nature of the Frisian organisations. An interest that was essentially local—Frisian autonomy—influenced the nature of migrant organisations outside Friesland, and helped to create a separate identity. In other words, the character of migrant organisation depended to a large extent on developments in the region of origin. Moreover, the Frisian case shows the importance of language in the construction of an identity. Lastly it is important to note that the driving force behind a movement can be very effective despite being very small, but as long as its aim is to be inclusive.


The near-field electromagnetic ranging (NFER) technology exploits the near-field phase behavior of low frequency signals to measure the distance and can provide better ranging performance than the high frequency signal based methods in the cluttered environments. However, the currently existing NFER system uses the mono-frequency signals and can not obtain same ranging accuracy at different distances. In addition, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) seriously impacts the ranging accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a wideband signal based NFER system to improve the ranging performance. Instead of the mono-frequency signals, the proposed wideband system transmits the wideband signals. We use frequency domain phase measurement (FDPM) to detect the phase difference between received electric field signal and magnetic field signal. Then the least squares method is used to estimate the distance. Simulation results show that the proposed wideband NFER system can improve the ranging performance at low SNR environment and within a wide range of distances. Keywordsnear-field electromagnetic ranging; wideband signal; frequency domain phase measurement; phase difference; least squares


hat have the Middle Ages bequeathed to us that still lives? There is Gothic archi tecture, I suppose, still in use, always impressive, frequently imitated. Two medieval institutions have survived: the university and the Roman Catholic Church. Then there are the fairy tales. No matter where on the globe they may have grown up, almost all college stu dents are able to recall a few fairy tales, and they will do so fondly. Should you perch on the edge of the desk and announce, "Once upon a time," even the resentful and bored are apt to produce a smile of remembrance or anticipation. This is useful. Any universally known, demonstrably unforgettable story can be pedagogical capital because there is so little common culture in the classroom. If


Objective To investigate the effects of perindopril,an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,on corrected QT dispersion(QTcd)in aged patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Method 52 patients with AMI were double blindly randomized into treatment group,26 patients,and placebo group,26 patients.Oral perindopril or placebo was given respectively for 6 weeks.QTcd, AngⅡ,Ald,LVEF and WMI were measured.A group of 30 normal persons served as controls.Results The results showed that QTcd,AngⅡ,Ald,WMI increased significantly and LVEF was lowered significantly in aged patients with AMI as compared with the normal group.LVEF was increased significantly and QTcd,AngⅡ,Ald and WMI were lowered significantly in perindopril treatment group after 6 weeks of treatment.No consistent change was showed in the placebo group.QTcd showed positive correlation with AngⅡ,Ald and WMI(r=0.418,P0.01; r=0.215, P0.05;r=0.487,P0.01 respectively) and showed negative correlation with LVEF( r=-0.372,P0.01 ).Conclusion QTcd was increased significantly in aged patients with AMI and perindopril can improve QTcd,which may be related to heart function and renin angiotensin aldosteron system.


THEORY Comfort Experience Theory on Comfort A Theory on Pressure Distribution and Seat Discomfort Participatory Ergonomics and Comfort CASES ON REDUCING DISCOMFORT IN WORK Discomfort and Productivity in Improved Bricklaying Reducing Discomfort in Work by New Products for Glaziers Reducing Discomfort in the Installation Work Reducing Discomfort in Office Work Productivity and Discomfort in Manual Assembly Operations Productivity and Discomfort in Assembly Work: The Effects of and Ergonomic Work Place Adjustment at Philips DAP CASES ON CHAIR COMFORT Comfort in Furniture at Home Discomfort and Dynamics in Office Chairs Designing Comfortable Passenger Seats Comfort by an Emotion-Aware Office Chair CASES ON HAND TOOL COMFORT Towards a Comfortable Paint Scraper Development of a Handheld Steelfixing Tool Comfort Effects of Participatory Design of Screw Drivers Comfortable Manual Bag Sealing CASES ON VEHICULAR INTERIOR COMFORT Comfortable View in an Earth Moving Machine of 2015 Tram Drivers' Comfort Redesign of Earth Moving Machines: It's Also in the Details Concept of a Future Nissan Car Interior COST/BENEFITS Cost/Benefits of Comfort Products for Professional Use


Neuromuscular transmission at the skeletal muscle occurs when a quantum of acetylcholine from the nerve ending is released and binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postjunctional muscle membrane. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the endplate respond by opening channels for the influx of sodium ions and subsequent endplate depolarisation leads to muscle contraction. The acetylcholine immediately detaches from the receptor and is hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Suxamethonium is a cholinergic agonist stimulating the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors prior to causing neuromuscular block. Non‐depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors preventing the binding of acetylcholine. Non‐depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs also inhibit prejunctional α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine autoreceptors, which can be seen in the clinical setting as train‐of‐four fade. In some pathological states such as denervation, burns, immobilisation, inflammation and sepsis, there is expression of other subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with upregulation of these receptors throughout the muscle membrane. The responses of these receptors to suxamethonium and non‐depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs are different and explain some of the aberrant responses to neuromuscular blocking drugs.


Background: The aim of this study was to determine the initial clinical and classroom utility of the Inventory of Reading Occupations (IRO), a new tool to assess children's reading participation.

Method: The study used phenomenological qualitative and descriptive methods. The participants included 38 occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, classroom teachers, and parents who completed or reviewed responses of children on the IRO. To provide triangulation, 20 of the children who completed the IRO were interviewed. Data were thematically analyzed and then categorized using a central Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats premise.

Results: The majority of the participants indicated favorable response to the clinical and classroom utility of the tool. Common themes were (a) the IRO is a user-friendly and engaging assessment that allows students to reflect on their reading participation; (b) the IRO is more suitable for children who engage in more structured reading; (c) the IRO can be adapted for older children; and (d) there is a need to identify whether the IRO is better as a screening or a full assessment tool.

Conclusion: The study provided useful perspectives on how the tool can be further improved as a measure of the reading participation of school-aged children.


Two major phases occurred in the Neogene and Quaternary construction of the lower continental rise north of Cape Hatteras. Intense circulation of abyssal boundary currents during the late Paleogene eroded a regional unconformity (Horizon Au) along the lower continental rise, but by early Miocene time a first phase of very rapid sedimentation replaced this erosional regime. Sediments injected into deep water formed large abyssal fans at the mouths of the Hudson Canyon and the Norfolk-Washington Canyon. At the eastern perimeter of these fans the abyssal Western Boundary Undercurrent interacted with the edge of the Gulf Stream, redistributed fine-grained sediments, and formed the half-kilometer-high Hatteras Outer Ridge. A second phase of development occur ed near the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation 2.5 to 3.0 m.y. ago when abyssal currents severed the connection between the Hatteras and Gulf Stream Outer Ridges and formed an erosional basin in its place. Shortly thereafter, this basin and the basins behind the Hatteras Outer Ridge were flooded by turbidites; these eventually buried the western flank of the Hatteras Outer Ridge and ponded to form the present lower continental rise terrace. Turbidity currents have modified the shape and surficial structure of many of the sediment waves on the outer ridge, but the Western Boundary Undercurrent continues to be important in sculpting the lower continental rise.


This paper aims to explain the efforts and contributions made by the Government of Indonesia in assisting the peace process in Afghanistan. This study focuses on peacebuilding efforts undertaken by the Government of Indonesia for Afghanistan. This qualitative research with literature studies explains that the peace process in Afghanistan has been going on for a long time, as the conflict has occurred and has involved many parties. The peace process in Afghanistan involves the United Nations (UN), Afghanistan's neighboring countries, major countries, and other international communities including Indonesia. Indonesia's role in the Afghan peace process is not only by garnering support from the international community to continue to help peace in Afghanistan, but also primarily through peace-building through cooperation in the development and capacity building of the government and the people of Afghanistan. Indonesia's efforts to promote peace in Afghanistan also have the support of the international and domestic Afghan community. Peace-building efforts through various capacity building programs in several fields carried out by Indonesia are one of the important steps as a strategy to prevent conflict from returning and which are oriented towards sustainable and long-term peace building in post-conflict Afghanistan. This is Indonesia's contribution to helping create Afghanistan as a safe, democratic and prosperous country as well as for world peace.


In general, people like to live near the coast because of a better aesthetical pleasing living environment, access to a variety of recreational activities and more job opportunities. Consequently, more than 50% of the world's population live within 200[Formula: see text]km of the coast, and ¾ of the world's megacities are situated by the shore. Significant pressure on land, water supply, waste management and other infrastructures appear in these coastal cities. India, which hosts one-sixth of the world's population is looking for strategies to manage India's coastal cities, water, land and human resources. This paper reviews China's experience in water resources development for coastal cities. China's coastal economic corridor (CEC) contributes 60% of the national GDP, which needs plentiful water supply to sustain its coastal cities. The present investigation shows that India has better natural conditions to develop its CEC. Among the coastal infrastructures, coastal reservoirs (i.e., CRs) should be the priority, which nourishes the coastal prosperity. This paper also discusses the feasibility of water–oil exchange project between India and Persian Gulf countries.


The utility model relates to a control switch (1) for operating machines, and in particular relates to a wireless, portable and manually-operable remote control device for a crane. The control switch (1) comprises a shell (2) with a holding area (2f) for an operator, a detection device and a protection circuit (7), wherein the operator can be detected by virtue of the detection device; the protection circuit can be used for activating the circuit control switch (1) under the condition that the operator is detected and can be used for deactivating under the condition that the operator is not detected. The control switch comprising a safety circuit is used for activating the control switch and deactivating the control switch, the detection device comprises at least one sensor (8, 9 and 10) for identifying the hand of the operator holding the control switch (1) in the holding area (2f) in a near field; meanwhile, the detection device comprises at least one sensor (9 and 10) for identifying whether the control switch (1) is in an operation state.


This brochure talks about depressive disorders, outlining the main types, possible causes, treatment options and where to go for help.


Individual danger and collective danger have very different effects according to the predictions of a theory called regality theory, based on evolutionary psychology. This study explores the effects of different kinds of danger on 37 different indicators of psychological and cultural responses to danger based on data from two waves of the World Values Survey, including 173,000 respondents in 79 countries.The results show that individual danger and collective danger have very different – and often opposite – psychological and cultural effects. Collective dangers are positively correlated with many indicators related to authoritarianism, nationalism, discipline, intolerance, morality, religiosity, etc. Individual dangers have neutral or opposite correlations with many of these indicators. Infectious diseases have little or no effects on these indicators. Many previous studies that confound different kinds of danger may be misleading.Several psychological and cultural theories are discussed in relation to these results. The observed effects of collective danger are in agreement with many of these theories while individual danger has unexpected effects. The findings are not in agreement with terror management theory and pathogen stress theory.


Abstract : Infinity display devices possess many desirable properties than enhance the training value of aircraft flight simulators. In the past, little has been done to apply reflective infinity display techniques to the problem of wide-angle visual simulation. This is primarily because glass mirrors were necessary to obtain the needed optical quality. These mirrors were heavy, fragile, expensive, and took a long time to manufacture. Additional support structures and control systems required by glass mirrors only added to the cost and complexity. Objectives of the nonglass infinity display research program were to study wide-angle display system concepts develop high-quality nonglass mirrors and fabrication techniques, build a prototype display system, and define cathode ray tube characteristics needed for the display. A prototype unit using nonglass mirrors was fabricated having a 120-degree horizontal field of view and a 45-degree vertical field. (Author)


At present,world population is growing,while arable land area is decreasing.Saline land area has reached 954 million hm2 in the earth.Thus soil salinazation becomes one of the serious environmental issues with population growth and socioeconomic development.To cope with the situation amelioration and utilization of salt-affected soil is vital and significant.In order to deal with the problem,the way of ecological rehabilitation such as farming measures and biological measures to reclaim and exploit saline soils is feasible and available in view of salt-affected soils as one of the natural resources based on the principle of rehabilitation ecology.During the process,it is crucial to handle well the relations among land exploitation and soil conservation,economic benefits and landscape values.


We propose a new peridynamic formulation with shear deformation for linear elastic solid. The key idea lies in subtracting the rigid body rotation part from the total deformation. Based on the strain energy equivalence between classic local model and non-local model, the bond force vector is derived. A new damage rule of maximal deviatoric bond strain for elastic brittle fracture is proposed in order to account for both the tensile damage and shear damage. 2D and 3D numerical examples are tested to verify the accuracy of the current peridynamics. The new damage rule is applied to simulate the propagation of Mode I, II and III cracks.


5033Background: SPARTAN, a randomized placebo (PBO)-controlled phase 3 study, evaluated the effect of apalutamide (APA), an orally administered next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor, in men w...


The meaning is in the selection of topics of my BSc thesis as well as the processing was to pass the legal means by the Institute relating to a field of law that govern this issue. Bringing the regulation of remuneration in business, public administration and civil service.


Teager-Kaiser algorithm that can track the energy of tone signals with simple nonlinear operations, has been applied to detection of tone signals closely spaced in frequency. The performance of the previous detector depends upon the performance of internal filters. An improved scheme is proposed in this paper by employing the nonlinear energy trackers in cascade. The proposed detector is analytically designed and verified by computer simulation. It shows that the new detection scheme improves the detection performance while reducing the implementation complexity.


furtherance of the scheme were promoted by the University, the Muirhead Trustees, and the governors of St. Mungo's College. An inquiry into the Orders was held in Glasgow on 31st March and 1st April, under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act, 1899. The above bodies were represented by Counsel, as was also the Victoria Infirmary ?petitioners against the Muirhead Trust Order. The three Orders being interrelated were heard by the Commissioners as one group. The University Order seeks to alter the constitution of the deeds of endowment of its


The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface water is an emerging problem in developed countries. If such pollution is transferred to drinking water, the resulting involuntary low-dose medication of large population groups may compromise public health. In addition, aquatic life may be compromised. The Stockholm County Council, the provider of public healthcare in the Stockholm, Sweden region, has introduced a classification of pharmaceutical drugs according to their potential for accumulation in surface water and interference with aquatic life. The classification utilizes producer-supplied data on biodegradation, bioaccumulation, and eco-toxicity. The purpose of the classification is to increase the awareness of patients, doctors, and producers that pharmaceuticals may have side effects outside the patient. Hence, doctors and patients may make a more multi-factorial selection of drug in cases where several therapeutically-equivalent alternatives are available. The program will be evaluated by annual analyses of pharmaceuticals in regional surface water and sewage treatment plant effluents. In the first classification, 12 of 22 antibiotics and virus inhibitors were considered to pose little risk to public health via surface water accumulation or to aquatic life. Detectable levels of quinolones, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and metronidazole were found in all sewer treatment plant effluents investigated. In the surface water samples pharmaceutical residues were observed only occasionally.


Geological estimations say that common resources of crude oil and natural gas are available in a mid range of 40 until 60 years [1] only except the present exploitation rate becomes drastically reduced. In contradiction to this the discovery of numerous and massive reserves of natural gas hydrates during the last 30 years has given rise to avoid the dilemma named before; these reservoirs are located submarine in the sea floor sediments in a depth of approximately 500 until 1500 m along continental margins, and in permafrost regions, e. g. in Canada and Siberia/Russia. Geologists estimate the methane content equivalent to carbon up to 10,000 Billion tons, which is about more than twice as much of the carbon content of all fossil fuels known up to now. Due to this background, research and development activities have been launched which target to a sustainable, and economical technical system to exploit this fourth fossil fuel. Within the presented paper a combination of a machinery and a process is engineered giving a perspective to exploit gas hydrates in a manner which can be addressed to be economical as well as sustainable; due to the huge investments for offshore exploitation of crude oil and sour gas, for this engineering the method of scientific numeric design is used, combined with laboratory research regarding the reversible formation and decomposition of methane hydrate. The named scientific design belongs to the field of multi area cell-net model calculations which means that mechanical parts of the machinery as well as regime parts of the process are separated so far as a coherent structure can be specified, manageable or describable by approved process equations of heat and mass transfer as well as equations of mechanical stability; at the interface of two neighboured cells or structures, balancing equations specify boundary conditions for each of the cells. These fairly ambitious calculations allow to design a concentric twin pipe under the regime of heat and mass transfer which comes down to a gas hydrate deposit and guides water heated up to a temperature of 20 degrees centigrade so that gas hydrates located in the sea floor sediments decompose and release its contained natural gas, mainly methane in the form of gas bubbles. This emission which shows a regime comparable to sparkling water can be captured and guided to sea level in the outer part of the twin pipe, the annulus, while generating buoyancy so that simultaneously, heated water for further decomposition is sucked down stairs through the inner pipe; additional electrical power to operate pumps can be minimized in a very favourable manner. Design data evaluation show also that a construction made out of FRP is better than one made out of stainless steel due to the better isolation of FRP versus stainless steel. The whole design is comparable to a giant percolator. The net energy consumption is in the range of 2% of the rate of exploited methane. Due to the spot like decomposition any methane loss should squeezed down to zero so that no additional warming potential by a methane slip is generated which means that the specific CO 2 emission of an LNG fuelled combined-cycle power station or other LNG consumers can be secured in future also if the presented process and machinery will be launched for operation.


This paper reviews seismological constraints on the elastic structure of the inner core and on its rate of rotation. In addition, a new model for inner core structure is evaluated. Nearly 2000 high-quality differential travel times of compressional waves that pass through the core are collected from seven different studies. The ray sampling of the inner core is inadequate to uniquely constrain the detailed three-dimensional variation of elastic anisotropy. However, a model that is consistent with existing travel-time observations has strong (>3%) anisotropy in the western hemisphere from depths of 100 km to its center. The symmetry direction for hexagonal anisotropy is near the spin axis and represents high wave speeds. The deepest 600 km appears anisotropic at all longitudes, but the upper 400 km of the quasi-eastern hemisphere (40°E to 160°E) exhibits far weaker anisotropy (≤1%). The isotropic (Voigt) average appears to not vary with longitude, suggesting there is no need for lateral variations in chemistry or temperature which would produce density variations that drive flow. Though still controversial, there is growing evidence from extensive data sets of high quality differential travel times that the inner core is rotating 0.2 to 0.6 °/yr faster than the mantle. Recent normal mode constraints favor no rotation, but are consistent with the slower rotation rates. A new, speculative model is discussed. This model has an isotropic upper inner core separated from an anisotropic lower inner core by a discontinuity at depths near 100 km in the western hemisphere and reaching depths of 400 km in parts of the eastern hemisphere.


A method has been developed and demonstrated to detect and locate reactor fuel element failures by means of primary coolant delayed neutron (DN) activity measurements. The initial development, done at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory,∗ applied to a high-temperature, pressurized, recirculating water-cooled reactor system. However, it can be applied to a variety of other types of reactor systems, including air-cooled types. By this method, the state of reactor fuel integrity can be continuously and simply monitored. The actual location of fuel element failures can also be determined; in some instances this location can be accomplished without the necessity of shutting down the reactor.


Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, 2 Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, India, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Experimental Station of Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain, 4 Fisiología Vegetal (Plant Physiology Laboratory), Dpto. Biología (Biology Department), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 5 Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 6 Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India, Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 9 Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan


In the following paper I have compiled specific and subspecific names of Odonata of Oceania known to me from literature. It is evident that such a compilation can not give a statement satisfying in all details; it seems to me, however, that critical remarks are more fitting from field collectors than from any student of literature far from material and collecting places.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of rescue therapy with Entecavir compared to Adefovir + Lamivudine in Lamivudine resistant Chronic hepatitis B patients.Method: PUBMED,EMBASE,Web of Science,CNKI(National Knowledge Infrastructure),VIP database,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched.Five eligible trials were included and evaluated for methodologic quality and heterogeneity.Revman5.0 was used to analysis the data,virological response,HBVDNA undetective,ALT normalization,HBeAg clearance and seroconversion,and emergence rate of Virus breakthrough was observed in Entecavir compared to ADV plus LAM.Results: Differences of all the results between the two group were without Statistical significance.Conclusion: There is no difference between the Efficacy of Entecavir and Adefovir + Lamivudine in inhibiting HBV replication and preventing drug resistance.


The capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus, Blyth 1843) inhabits a variety of forest types including tropical dry deciduous, subtropical, broad-leaf and dense evergreen hill forest with many streams, bamboo forest up to 2,000 m and teak and sal plantation forest areas [Srivastava, 1999; Majupuria, 1990]. The capped langur is diurnal and almost entirely arboreal, eating young and mature leaves, ripe and unripe fruits, flowers, seeds, bark and gum [Solanki and Kumar, 2002]. Stanford [1991, 1992], in his studies on feeding behaviours in Bangladesh, observed that, in the dry season, capped langurs survive on mature leaves, some seeds and bamboo shoots, occasionally feeding on gum and termite soil trails. We observed the feeding behaviour of this little known langur in Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh. The Sanctuary (26°54′–27°16′ N and 92°36′–93°09′ E) is located in the south-west of Arunachal Pradesh and is 861.95 km in area. The general vegetation type of the entire tract is classified as Assam Valley tropical semi-evergreen forest (2B/C1 of Champion and Seth [1968]). During a 1-year study on feeding and food preference of this langur, a rare feeding behaviour was observed in September 2002. A troop of capped langurs (consisting of 1 adult male, 4 females and two 9-month-old infants) was observed feeding on the stalks, leaves and flowers of the water lily Nymphaea alba. The monkeys spent most time feeding on the stalks, followed by the leaves of the lilies. Another interesting observation was that the 2 lactating females (who had infants) entered the water to feed on the water lilies so that their bodies were immersed in


The structure of the title compound, C10H8ClN, comprises planar molecules that form stacked columns parallel to the b cell direction. Two symmetry-related molecules associate via C—H⋯N interactions to form a non-planar R22(8) dimer.


Considering features of vehicle license plate location method which commonly used, in order to search a consistent location for reference images with license plates feature in multidimensional parameter space, a new algorithm of geometric location is proposed. Geometric location algorithm main include model training and real time search. Which not only adapt the gray-scale linearity and the gray non-linear changes, but also support changes of scale and angle. Compared with the mainstream locating software, numerical results shows under the same test conditions that the position deviation of geometric positioning algorithm is less than 0.5 pixel. Without taking into account the multidimensional parameter space, Geometric positioning algorithm position deviation is less than 1.0 pixel and angle deviation is less than 1.0 degree taking into account the multidimensional parameter space. This algorithm is robust, simple, practical and is better than the traditional method. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Inversion symmetry breaking allows contrasted circular dichroism in different $k$-space regions, which takes the extreme form of optical selection rules for interband transitions at high symmetry points. In materials where band edges occur at noncentral valleys, this enables valley-dependent interplay of electrons with light of different circular polarizations, in analogy to spin dependent optical activities in semiconductors. This discovery is in perfect harmony with the previous finding of valley contrasted Bloch band features of orbital magnetic moment and Berry curvatures from inversion symmetry breaking [D. Xiao, W. Yao, and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 236809 (2007)]. A universal connection is revealed between the $k$-resolved optical oscillator strength of interband transitions, the orbital magnetic moment and the Berry curvatures, which also provides a principle for optical measurement of orbital magnetization and intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity in ferromagnetic systems. The general physics is demonstrated in graphene where inversion symmetry breaking leads to valley contrasted optical selection rule for interband transitions. We discuss graphene based valley optoelectronics applications where light polarization information can be interconverted with electronic information.


From the start, the idea of atomic energy or nuclear energy has stirred images of both promise and peril. This paper traces the dual imagery over five decades through public opinion polls. Trends in public opinion and public response to information are then examined in light of the two faces of nuclear energy that the public perceives. Analysis finds that external influences are received by the public and interpreted in predictable ways. New information and impressions about nuclear energy are superimposed onto fundamental imagery that has persisted throughout the decades. Public opinion pools from the 1940s through the present are examined. The primary source for the early polls is the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs. This national data base of polling questions from major research firms holds 1016 questions on nuclear energy topics. Polls conducted for the US Council for Energy Awareness (USCEA) are the primary source for the period from 1983 to the present.


Once the number one prospect for wind investors, the UK has been steadily slipping down the ranking list. Can the UK's becalmed offshore wind programme safely navigate its way through these troubled waters?


Introduction: "Tailor-made" training programs have been started in two theme parks in North and East Taiwan after the dust explosion of Ba-xien theme park in 2015. The training programs emphasized several areas. They work to strengthen the incident command system (ICS) and the skills of first responders, especially evacuation, placement, triage, and first aid, as well as to assist the park's cooperation with local disaster response units, such as the fire department and Health Bureau. Methods: The first step was to find out the practical problems of the two theme parks, and then make a one-year, tailor-made training program according to the needs of parks and different levels of staff: senior supervisors, middle-level district supervisors, and frontline colleagues. After the phased training, the training results are inspected in the non-scripted exercise mode. Results: It was found that the staff are relatively familiar with the evacuation process and placement of tourists. The initial emergency responses such as triage, first aid skills, and patient transport gradually improve after several drills. The ICS operation and communication also became more effective and efficient. The regional emergency response units could understand these theme parks capability and how to cooperate with them. Discussion: The experience of emergency response training and exercise in these two theme parks has shown that such a model is feasible and should be valued.


Background: Although medication has been proven effective in reducing recurrence and mortality following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients adhere differentially to medication recommendations. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of patients' adherence to medication recommendations following ACS, we followed up on recent calls for integrating personality theories into health psychology research. Specifically, we assessed the possible moderating role played by attachment orientation (Attachment Theory; Bowlby, 1969) in the effects of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) as derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991), on intention and reported medication adherence.
Methods. A prospective longitudinal design was employed, with two measurement time points. During hospitalization, ACS male patients (N=106) completed a set of self-report questionnaires including socio-demographic variables, attachment orientation, and measures of TPB constructs. Six months after discharge, 90 participants completed a questionnaire measuring adherence to medication recommendations.
Findings. As hypothesized, attachment orientation moderated the relationship between TPB variables and intentions as well as the direct and indirect effects of PBC on adherence. Findings indicate that PBC does not predict intentions and adherence among highly anxiously-attached individuals, and that subjective norms may inhibit highly avoidant- attached patients' intentions, such that for them, subjective norms are negatively associated with intentions.
Conclusions. Cognitive variables appear to explain both adherence intention and adherence behavior in accordance with people's individual personality characteristics. Integrating personality and cognitive models may prove effective in understanding patients' health behaviors.


The proposed objective is to develop a methodology that allows a NGO, of unique character, the Zoo Foundation located in the city of Cali – Colombia . 3 ; the design of organizational strategies for the period between 2011 – 2013 replicable in any zoo park. Tools are being used to develop a vision, mission and values with system thinking; strategic thinking is promoted by getting to know the different schools of strategy and applying them to the activity of the NGO. Balanced Score Card is also applied, finishing with the statement of objectives and task; by applying them, the guidelines for conservation proposed by WAZA, World Association of Zoos and Aquariums 4


ABSTRACT A study of the vibrational and structural properties of the herbal plant bioactive compound (Silibinin) polyphenolic flavonolignan (molecular formula C 25 H 22 O 10) is reported. Silibinin is a flavonolignan mixture extracted from milk thistle that has been used to treat acute and chronicliver disorders caused by toxins, alcohol and hepatitis, as well as gall bladder disorders, due to it a hepatoprotective properties. DFT has also been used to investigate the correlation of experimental and theoretical data on structural and vibrational studies. This method employs the HF and DFT basis sets B3LYP/6-311G++ (d,p). The calculated and experimental spectroscopic data were found to be in good agreement. Mulliken population analysis of atomic charges, an electric dipole moment, anatural bond orbital analysis, and thermodynamic properties were carried out. The various ligands derived from the title molecule are used in cervical cancer protein docking.


Today's educators are faced with the challenge of preparing undergraduate students to be productive employees who can communicate effectively, work well in teams, and solve problems, as well as demonstrate content knowledge. Group projects are one tool that educators can use to help students develop these key skills. Educators may be tempted to try client-based projects in which students consult with real companies, an approach that may involve extensive preparation for the faculty member, or opt instead for a less labor-intensive option, such as having students work on hypothetical problems for established companies. Faculty must decide what type of project will most benefit their students and, at the same time, will not be too complex to administer. In this article the authors discuss literature regarding group projects using real world clients (client-based learning) and they empirically test whether the nature of the project has any influence on how the students perceive the project as a motivational tool, a learning device, and a contributor to their skill development, and the personal benefits they receive from completing the project. Understanding these issues will help instructors to better design and administer group projects.


Most visual languages are not purely graphical but include textual labels to complete the picture. However, in some languages labels tend to become rather long and thereby enlarge diagrams considerably. Since today's state-of-the-art development tools usually display diagrams in full detail, users must often scroll through the diagram or zoom out until the diagram fits inside the available drawing area, but then ceases to be legible. In this paper, we address this problem by examining ways to dynamically shorten the text of labels to keep the size of a diagram manageable. We introduce a number of label shortening strategies, explain ways to integrate them into diagram generation processes based on automatic layout algorithms, and explain their relation to the established focus and context approach which aims at solving a similar problem. We evaluate our strategies based on the SCChart visual language and an open-source, Eclipse-based modeling environment.


Abstract Key dimensions of the supervisory process are not fully articulated in the literature or in the practice of supervision. Three particular areas are identified: the purpose of supervision, the importance of the supervisory relationship, and the development of competence. In relation to purpose, it is suggested that a superordinate focus should be on the 'quality of service' to the client. The supervisory relationship is discussed in terms of a process which unfolds over time through a series of stages. The challenge of defining competence is reviewed within a framework of developing 'reflective practitioners'.


It is a matter of controversy whether subjects who are heterozygous (PiMZ) for alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency are at risk of developing pulmonary em- physema. To assess the role of MZ phenotype in the development of abnormal lung function the authors performed a 10 year follow-up study of 28 PiMZ sub- jects, compared to 28 matched-paired normal PiMM subjects. Maximal expiratory flows and mechanical properties of the lungs were studied, in order to determine the changes of the lung function parameters characteristic of pulmonary emphy- sema. Total lung capacity and residual volume increased, whereas forced expiratory volume in one second, expiratory flows, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and static transpulmonary pressures decreased in the PiMZ patients. The majority of the controlled functional parameters were found to deteriorate significantly in PiMZ patients during the 10 year period. Trypsin inhibitory capa- city in the PiMZ group (mean±SD) was 0.65±0.17 mg·ml-1 as compared to 1.52±0.3 mg·ml-1 in the PiMM group. These changes exceeded the values expected as physio- logical changes due to ageing. The findings in the present longitudinal study - especially the decrease in elasti- city, which is the primary pathophysiological damage in alpha 1 -antitrypsin defi- ciency - support the concept that the PiMZ phenotype is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema at younger age than in those without the deficiency.


Medical image generating departments, typically radiology and nuclear
medicine, have always been burdened by image management problems. Image management is the administration of imaging examination requests, the performance of imaging examinations, the distribution of the images and reports, the archiving of examinations and results and the retrieval of previous examinations and results. This is a very resource-intensive responsibility dependent on a long chain of human interaction that often fails. Within both the public and private sectors this is a real problem. In
the public sector increased efficiency is required to decrease the waiting lists and improve patient care. In the private sector improved productivity is required to increase the revenue generated by the same amount of human and financial resources. The solution is to embrace digital image management. The solution does not lie within a single
information system, but rather the tight integrations of four parts: digital imaging equipment, PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication
System), RIS (Radiological Information System) and HIS (Hospital Information System)
This article aims to demystify some of the acronyms commonly used and explain their practical role within the classic imaging department. South African Journal of Radiology Vol. 11 (3) 2007: pp. 50-52


SARS-Cov-2, an invisible enemy that lurks, that can be anywhere, after appearing in China and spreading around the world, leaving hundreds of thousands of dead in its wake. Unknown, nobody knows yet and perhaps never knows where it came from, the truth is that for science it became a challenge. Scientists around the world are boldly looking for a specific vaccine that immunizes against SARS-Cov-2 and are working to incorporate into the protocols all the drugs that in some way mitigate or cure Covid-19, in this sense Cuban scientists dedicate themselves every day to day in the effort to find the solution with the necessary haste to avoid the transit to the worst of people suffering from the disease.


The Editor-in-Chief welcomes Prof. Brian Otis to the Journal's editorial board as an Associate Editor. He comes with extensive experience in low-power wireless chip design, sensor interfaces, MEMS, and chips for wearable computing and biomedical interface systems. A brief biography of Prof. Otis is given highlighting his professional achievements. Dr. Roland Thewes has retired from serving as an Associate Editor. We thank him for his work for the Journal.


The properties of an entangled two-photon state antisymmetric in frequencies are studied. At a beam splitter, two entangled photons are perfectly anticorrelated. In addition, they cannot be detected at the same time instant despite the fact that their detection times are confined to a narrow time window, i.e., they are temporally antibunched. Using nonlinear photonic-band-gap structures made of $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{N}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{N}$, two schemes for generating such states are described.


We would like to make some modifications on our protocol in order to receive ideas in regards to the comments made by Liu et al. about our paper. In the comment, they raised three weak points in regard to our protocols. First, they pointed out that either Bob or Charlie may, without their cooperation, gain some bit of shared information sent by Trent in our first and second protocols. Second, Alice's secret information can be eavesdropped by Trent in the second protocol. Lastly, Trent can disturb communication because there is no message authentication in our second protocol. We suggest a few modifications in each protocol to make up for these weaknesses. We may modify the first original protocol of quantum secret sharing and quantum direct communication (QSS-QDC) as follows: In (T1), Trent first produces Nχ-type entangled states. He keeps the AT sequence and T -sequence with him and sends the B-sequence and C-sequence to Bob and Charlie, respectively. In (T2), after confirming that Bob and Charlie have received their sequences, Trent randomly chooses n checking qubits of the AT -sequence (T sequence), measures them on the σz-basis, and publicly announces the checking positions and the outcomes to users. Bob and Charlie measure the corresponding qubits of the B-sequence and C-sequence on the σz-basis, respectively. They compare them with Trent's outcomes and estimate the error rate and check whether or not there is an eavesdropper or an inner-attacker on the communication channel. Step (T3) and step (T4) are the same as those of our original protocol. In (T5), Bob and Charlie meet together for the decryption of Trent's secret message and inform Trent that their cooperation is ready for the message decryption. After hearing their collaboration, Trent publicly announces his encoded measurement results. The detailed encoding methods in the protocols are the same as those of our initial protocol. By these modifications the first weak point of our protocol is removed because Trent announces his measurement outcomes after confirming that Bob and Charlie meet together and thus neither Bob nor Charlie can catch the partial information of the secret message sent by Trent. Our second original QSS-QDC can also be modified similarly to the first original protocol for solving the second and third weak points. The modifications are as follows: The step (A1) is changed in the same way as the step (T1) of the modified first QSS-QDC explained above, except that Trent does not keep the AT -sequence but sends it to Alice. After establishing the quantum channels, they inspect the security by the measurement of the checking qubits, which is the same as the step (T2) of our modified first QSS-QDC. In (A2), Alice randomly chooses n checking qubits, makes a measurement with σz-basis, and publicly announces the positions of checking qubits and her measurement outcomes. Other users such as Bob and Charlie perform measurements on the corresponding qubits and estimate their error rates. This security checking step eliminates the second weak point that Liu et al. pointed out. This is because Trent's two qubit counterfeit entangled states are connected to Alice and thus Trent's trial of eavesdropping is revealed to Alice in the step. In step (A2), Alice encrypts her secret messages on the AT -sequence using the Pauli operators. She randomly encodes decoy messages for the security. Steps (A3) and (A4) are the same as that of our initial protocol. In step (A5) which is similar to (T5) of the modified first QSS-QDC, Alice announces the fake messages and their positions, and Bob and Charlie check the security of the channel by comparing those with their decoded messages. The third weak point is also resolved by using decoy messages in steps (A2) and (A5) of the modified protocol. The checking procedure of the decoy messages may act as a message authentication code among legitimate users. Thus, Trent's disturbance is exposed in the security checking procedure using decoy photons in the step (A5) of the second modified protocol. In conclusion, the defects that Liu et al. assigned to our original QSS-QDC protocol may be remedied in the modified QSS-QDC protocols we suggest here.


Endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) is used in the assessment of the anal sphincter in patients with faecal incontinence. However, interpretation is very operator dependent. 3D technology allows capture of the image of the whole anal canal in three dimensions and manipulation of the image by others not carrying out the scan reducing operator dependence. the aim of the study was to determine whether inter-observer agreement is better using 3D technology compared with 2D images. material and methods. For the first part of the study inter-observer variability was compared using a small number of patients and a large number of interpreters. Study images of ten randomly selected patients undergoing endoanal ultrasound for faecal incontinence were obtained in 2D format and using 3D technology. Images were interpreted by 4 specialists (defined as personnel who regularly reported scans) and 9 non-specialists with an interest in coloproctology (1 radiologist and 8 colorectal surgeons). For the second part of the study images of forty patients were randomly selected in both formats and interpreted by only 2 specialists. Each image was graded as normal, showing internal sphincter injury, external sphincter injury or a combination. Results. There appeared to be minimal to no advantage for the 3D format over the 2D format for any of the groups in terms of inter-observer variability. For interpretation of the 10 images as expected the inter-observer agreement was low for the non-specialist group (k = 0.11 for 2D and k = 0.16 for 3D) but was surprisingly only moderate for the specialists alone (k = 0.42 for 2D and k = 0.44 for 3D). In the second part of the study there was a higher overall agreement and a slight improvement in interobserver variability with the 3D format. Agreement was moderate for 2D and substantial for 3D (k = 0.60 and k = 0.67 respectively). Conclusions. Despite the ability to view the whole anal canal in different planes, the 3D technology appears to only slightly improve inter-observer agreement and only in expert hands.


Abstract Galvanic corrosion of copper (UNS C11000), 1018 carbon steel (CS, UNS G10180), aluminum alloy 3003 (UNS A93003), and zinc (UNS Z32121) coupled to cathodes of UNS N08367 was tested with and...


The lack of soil occupation planning, as well as the absence of soil conservation, have caused natural resources degradation. In this context, riparian forests located within the permanent preservation areas are described as a panacea for water resources protection. In this paper, we clarify the hydrological effects of these forests focusing on water quantity and water resources maintenance in small catchments. After, is shown that riparian forests present the same hydrological effect of forests in general. However, aiming to guarantee water resources protection we point out that for catchments with land uses that are not natural forests, the most important action is to maintain the high water infiltration rates. As catchments present high variability regarding the soil, topography, land use, it is not possible to obtain effective water protection by simply restoring forests in the permanent preservation areas, but we do obtain it by managing the whole small catchment. Last but not least, we exhibit some gaps that hydrology may contribute to fill in an effort to increase the knowledge of riparian forests role in small catchments.


The hemolytic effects of 27 organotin compounds, which are environmental polluants, were studied with rabbit erythrocytes. Various EC 50 values caused by differences in their clinical structures were observed. The hemolytic activities of tri-n-butyltins and triphenyltins were higher than that of sodium-n-dodecyl sulfate, and the hemolysis by tri-n-butyltin chloride proceeded rapidly. Tri-n-butyltin chloride showed the highest hemolytic activity (EC 50 =7.48 μM). Methyltin compounds were less active (EC 50 >364 μM) than any other organotin compound tested. No significant difference in hemolytic activity based on divergences of the anionic functional group which was attached to each triorganotin compound was observed. A structure-activity relationship study was carried out in order to predict EC 50 values of a series of tested organotin compounds, using various descriptors which represent their physicochemical properties or molecular structures. In the multiparametric regression analysis, the best regression equation (r=0.854) for estimation of their hemolytic effects was obtained by adopting the descriptors Index―Value (IV), Mean Information Index (I D W ) and Molecular Connectivity Index ( 0 χ p )


This study aims to produce a learning media product in the form of Flash Card to improve the initial reading skill with SAS method of first grade students. This development research uses a step developed by Borg & Gall. The development model is grouped into: (1) conducting preliminary research and gathering information, (2) planning, (3) developing the initial product, (4) conducting initial field trials, (5) revising the initial product to compose the main product, (6) conducting major tests, (7) revising the main product to compose the operational product, (8) conducting operational field tests, (9) revising the final product, (10) desemination. The subjects of field test in the experimental class were 27 students and the control class were 27 students. The results showed that (1) Flash Card media suitable for learning. According to material experts and Flash Card product learning experts categorized "good". (2) there is an increase of pretest value on posttest of Indonesian learning motivation and reading comprehension skill between control class and experiment class. Overall test and research results show that the Flash Card media positively and significantly influence to the improvement of reading skill of beginning of SAS method of student.


There exists a kind of misunderstanding in the popular teaching of music theory that tone of average law is considered to be the standard and thus the tone itself is ignored.In actual teaching activities,the research on the theory of the relations between the natural tone and the tone of average law is not profound enough,it greatly influences the comprehension of the following mode and symphony and much weakens the creative ability of the students.It can make students get in touch with and improve the rational thinking by combining the symbolic expression and the practicality demonstration teaching and by containing the illustration of the nature of tone in the musicology expression of harmonic series.


We report extensive differential V-band photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy for the 1.14 day, detached, double-lined eclipsing binary BT Vul (F0+F7). Our radial-velocity monitoring and light-curve analysis lead to absolute masses and radii of and for the primary, and and for the secondary. The effective temperatures are 7270 ± 150 K and 6260 ± 180 K, respectively. Both stars are rapid rotators, and the orbit is circular. A comparison with stellar evolution models from the MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks series shows excellent agreement with these determinations, for a composition of and an age of 350 Myr. The two components of BT Vul are very near the zero-age main sequence.


The purpose of this report is to provide a foundation for understanding the impact of dementia on the ethnic minority elderly.


We are developing a scanned focused ultrasound system for hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer. Focused ultrasound has significant potential as a therapy delivery device because it can focus sufficient heating energy below the skin surface with minimal damage to intervening tissue. However, as a practical therapy system, the focal zone is generally quite small and requires either electronic (in the case of a phased array system) or mechanical steering (for a fixed bowl transducer) to cover a therapeutically useful area. We have devised a simple automated steering system consisting of a focused bowl transducer supported by three vertically movable rods which are connected to computer controlled linear actuators. This scheme is particularly attractive for breast cancer hyperthermia where the support rods can be fed through the base of a liquid coupling tank to treat tumors within the breast while coupled to our noninvasive microwave thermal imaging system. A MATLAB routine has been developed for controlling the rod motion such that the beam focal point scans a horizontal spiral and the subsequent heating zone is cylindrical. In coordination with this effort, a 3D finite element thermal model has been developed to evaluate the temperature distributions from the scanned focused heating. In this way, scanning protocols can be optimized to deliver the most uniform temperature rise to the desired location.


Jinding superlarge deposit located in the northern part of Lanping Basin,western Yunnan Province.It has been studied for more than 20 years,and a lot of genetic models were proposed such as stratabound type,synsedimentation-late reformation and mantle-crust compound mineralization.But some elementary geological problems such as some of the wall-rock ages and the structures that constrained orebodies have been suspended till now.These embarrassed the explanation of the genesis about Jinding deposit and the tectonic or crustal evolution of Three-River(Nujiang,Lancangjiang and Jinshajiang rivers)orogenic belt.For these reasons,this paper selected some zircons from the wall-rocks to discuss the tectonic setting.Based on crystal features and shapes of the zircons, which were different from the normal weathered zircons in sandstones,the wall-rocks must be not far where their source rocks formed According to the process of zircon dating,4 group of isotopic ages were obtained by SHRIMPⅡin Beijing Ion Microprobe Center.They are 240Ma,415Ma,820Ma and 1800~2000Ma.These suggested that the Pb-Zn metallization age was younger than 240Ma.Further more,a number of Plaeoprotozoic ages(1910Ma,1867Ma,2021Ma,2487Ma)were more significance in geological studies.First,it indicated that the source rocks of Lanping basin contained some Precambrian ages.These implied that the Precambrian basement of Yangtze Plate could spread to Lancanjiang river.Second,these isotopic ages suggested that the evolution of Lanping-Simao basin must be related to early Precambrian basement.Third,it implied that the Central Fault(or Zhongzou Fault)zone,which is nearly relevant to the genesis of Jinding deposit,should be a multi-phased fractured faults.


in the maelstrom of difficult times, creating some wonderfully moving passages about coping with war and poverty. But, to draw larger conclusions, he needs to move further afield from the various archives in St John's to investigate the holdings of smaller community repositories, and to explore the collective historical memory of ordinary people's relationships to patriotism and liberal democracy, or indeed to interrogate whether these concepts had traction in fishing communities in the postwar depression. Although there are few survivors left to interview, a sensitive mediation of postmemory – the inherited memories of the following generation in which they have become deeply invested because of the intensity and affectivity of the original transmission – could also provide important insights. Cadigan also tends to represent the Newfoundland population as more passive than it actually was, as evidenced by contemporary street demonstrations, letters to newspaper editors, the raiding of stores, strikes, and a large riot of some 10,000 people outside the legislature in 1932. Even the class awareness that he identifies so closely with Coaker's FPU had its roots in sealing strikes and collective plebeian actions of the nineteenth century, and was complemented by a growing labour movement in the early twentieth. However, Cadigan's argument that the image of the hardy, self-reliant ice-hunter was captured and re-deployed by conservatives to defuse demands for ongoing government intervention in the postwar economy is a cogent one (and eloquently presented in his conclusion). While additional work is needed to gauge the reception of such ideas within the fishing population, Cadigan has made a significant intervention in the literature by deconstructing this discursive battle over the meaning of two fronts, adding complexity to our understanding of the muting of progressive voices in Newfoundland by the 1930s. willeen keough Simon Fraser University


Previous research evidence (see for example Ballantyne et al., 1995) suggests that some aspects of the induction of Newly QualiŽ ed Teachers (NQTs), such as having supportive mentors in schools, enable NQTs to become effective teachers as well as reducing the stress associated with multiple new professional demands. An Induction year for NQTs was introduced in England (Teaching and Higher Education Act (1998)) and supported by ministerial guidance in Circular 5/99 for Education Authorities, schools and NQTs (DfEE, 1999). In the light of this introduction two questions arise:


This work investigates the effect of the back gate electrode on bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in smart power SOI technologies. The impact on the BJT is discussed by means of measurements and device simulations. It is shown that proper back gate biasing results in a significant performance improvement for either the NPN or the PNP transistor. A design strategy is presented that offers an optimized utilization of the back gate effect.


We consider the set Ω2 of double zeros in (0, 1) for power series with coefficients in {-1, 0, 1}. We prove that Ω2 is disconnected, and estimate minΩ2 with high accuracy. We also show that [2-1/2 - n, 1) ⊂ Ω2 for some small, but explicit, n > 0 (this was known only for n = 0). These results have applications in the study of infinite Bernoulli convolutions and connectedness properties of self-affine fractals.


This paper presents case studies for replacing diesel generators (DGs) that are used as the main and emergency power sources for alternating current (AC) auxiliary services in substations (SS) within the transmission network (voltage greater than or equal to 230 kV). The objective of this research is to present a solution that is more reliable, environmentally friendly, and financially viable than DGs. To achieve this, the proposed solutions incorporate Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) with or without the integration of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. These solutions were simulated using the HOMER PRO Version 3.14.5 software for the Messias SS /AL, and the results were analyzed and compared to the DG in terms of reliability, financial viability, and environmental impact. Based on the conducted analyses, the BESS solution with the PV system was found to be the most suitable for the main source. However, in the case of the emergency source, if one of the main sources is a DG/BESS, maintaining the emergency DG is the preferable option. If both main sources are independent, the BESS solution with the PV system is a suitable solution.


The quality and reliability of plastic-encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) manufactured today are closely equivalent, and in some ways superior, to their hermetic counterparts. The key to reliable use of PEMs in military applications is gained by matching the capabilities of PEMs to the application environment. The intent of this paper is to address the guidelines for achieving these ends by summarizing the strengths and limitations of PEMs relative to hermetic packages, discussing the associated failure mechanisms and reliability data, and outlining the best practices for both the production of PEMs and their use in the system application.


This article concerns about demands, operation of IP cylinder start-up, points out the disadvantages of HP-IP cylinders unite start-up, the advantages and applied prospect of IP cyclinder start-up.


Damage mechanisms of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) under fatigue loading are investigated using the 3D laser scanning technology. An independently configured 3D laser scanning system is used to monitor the damaging procedure. Texture analysis technique is also applied to enhance the understanding of the damage mechanisms of RPC under fatigue loading. In order to obtain the characteristic parameters of point cloud data, a point clouds projection algorithm is proposed. Damage evolution is described by the change of point cloud data of the damage in the 2D plane and 3D space during fatigue loading. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method is used to extract the characteristic parameters to evaluate the statue of the structural. Angular Second Moment and Cluster Shadow of typical sensitive characteristic indexes is screened by using the Digital Feature Screening. The reliability of the damage index was verified by image texture analysis and data expansion. Indexes extracted in this paper can be used as a new structural health monitoring indicator to assess health condition.


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the POST-PSV ratio (a ratio of the peak systolic velocity in the renal artery to that in the interlobar arteries) for the detection of a severe transplant renal artery stenosis(TRAS).Methods Of 46 patients with suspected TRAS indicated by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), a study group of 14 patients were referred to DSA and confirmed to have a TRAS. Seven Doppler parameters, including the peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the renal artery, iliac artery and interlobar artery, PRE-PSV ratio (a ratio of the PSV in the renal artery to that in the iliac artery), POST-PSV ratio, acceleration time and resistance index were measured. The Doppler sonographic results before and after intervention were compared. Results In the 14 patients with single transplant kidney, DSA demonstrated 13 main renal arteries with severe stenosis and 2 renal arteries (1 main and 1 accessory renal artery) with moderate stenosis. When using the cutoff values of POST-PSV ratio 13, renal artery PSV 4 m/s, acceleration time 0.06 s and resistance index 0.5 for the detection of all 13 severe stenoses, the sensitivities were 100%, 69%, 92% and 54%, respectively. For assessing all 13 severe stenoses and 11 severe stenoses of end-end anastomosis, the cutoff value of PRE-PSV ratio greater than 5 had sensitivities of 85% and 100%. Statistically significant differences were identified between all 7 Doppler parameters in the 7 patients with severe stenosis before and after successful intervention. Conclusions CDFI is an excellent screening tool for detection of severe TRAS. An 80%-99% diameter reduction can be well diagnosed based on POST-PSV ratio 13 for patients with either end-to-end or end-to-side anastomosis. PRE-PSV ratio 5 for patients with end-to-end anastomosis and acceleration time 0.06 s are very helpful in diagnosis of severe TRAS.


Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders in which the body's carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism was
disordered and it has many other causes. This study objectives was to determine the pharmacological effects of
melinjo infusion in decreasing blood glucose levels in mice (Mus musculus). This study using mice (Mus musculus)
aged 2-3 months, 20 grams body weight. A total of 12 mice were divided into 4 groups, each was given dextrose
monohydrate 40%. Group I as a negative control (CMC Na 1%), group II as positive control (glibenclamide), group
III (melinjo infusion 25% w/v ) and group IV (melinjo infusion 50% w/v). The data obtained from the examination
of blood glucose levels for 24 hours with an interval of 6 hours. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) infusion dose that
can lower blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice is 50%. Repeated analysis of the data was done using ANOVA
Duncan's test. The results showed that the dose 50% of infusion melinjo have a pharmacological effect in
decreasing blood glucose levels by 33,41% and it was different significantly (p>0.01) compared to glibenclamide.


Devastating floods and ongoing droughts throughout the world highlight the infrastructure and management challenges facing water and wastewater utilities. While increasing variability in climate has been identified as the immediate culprit, the severity of events has been exacerbated by years of underinvestment in infrastructure improvements due to inadequate pricing of services. The American Water Works Association (2015) identifies a crucial step for decision-makers: identify clearly communities' priorities with respect to water and wastewater management, both of which provide public or community-level goods and services. Using data from two separate choice experiments, collected in the same survey of Canadian households, the current paper estimates household willingness-to-pay (WTP) to reduce the likelihood of flood events and water service disruptions. Results from both choice experiments show a strong preference for policy scenarios that reduce these risks, although there is a substantial amount of heterogeneity. People living in the Prairie region, rural residents, and people living in areas with higher home values have a higher WTP. Although the results lend support to public infrastructure programs for addressing flood and water disruption risks, the degree to which these are preferred to private action is not clear.


A group of more than 250 typical minor clumped earthquakes occurred from July 25 to August 17 in 1993 in Xianning, Hubei province, central China. Just 40 days before the first minor quake occurred, a series of intriguing electromagnetic radiation anomalies (EMRA) were observed at Wuhan electromagnetic seismic monitoring station (30/spl deg/ 37' 12" N, 114/spl deg/ 21' 52" E). Observations of the empirical phenomena showed that premonitory ULF EMRA hints preceding or during the Xianning typical minor clumped earthquakes could be distinctively spotted among the ubiquitous electromagnetic background by some sensitive receiving device. Further analysis indicated the ULF EMRA duration time had a negative relationship with the time interval from the ULF EMRA appearance to certain earthquake occurrence. The electromagnetic amplitude and wave mode of the ULF EMRA were complicated, sometimes it behaved like irregular moderate vibration appearing by a displaced dynamic zero point, at other times it appeared as an intensive electromagnetic impulse. Finally, the ULF EMRA information preceding or during the Xinning earthquakes was not observed on the right earthquakes' occurrence time.


Though the full records of the Privy Council are not available in print,1 it appears that, in spite of its name, non-members were sometimes present. An example was the hearing of a Quaker, John FurIy (Furley), in 1663, related below.2 The minutes show that on November 20, 1663, on the basis of a letter of information from William Moore, the Mayor of Colchester, to Sir John Shaw, Knight, Recorder of that town, accusing Furly of being a favorer and encourager of the Quakers, a messenger of His Majesty's chamber was ordered to bring him before the Board. At the same time, the Mayor was "required to send up some fit persons who can more perfectly inform and give evidence against the said Furly for his encouraging the meetings of the said Quakers."


A new kind of charge-coupled device, the conductively connected charge-coupled device (C4D) has been built and operated. This device is formed by providing self-aligned, source-drain diffusions (or implants) between adjacent, refractory electrodes of a two-phase, ion implanted-barrier CCD. These implants eliminate the inherently unstable exposed channel region presently found in CCD's with coplanar gates, without resorting to overlapping gates. Shift registers ranging from 16 to 128 b in length were evaluated and in spite of low mobilities (80 cm2/V.s) and low barrier heights (2-3 V), incomplete transfer losses of 0.2 percent per transfer were measured at 1 MHz clock frequency. Fabrication has been demonstrated to be quite compatible with p-channel refractory gate IGFET technology, and because the sensitive interelectrode region of the C4D is heavily doped, these devices should show the same reliability as conventional circuits made with the same technology.


Picture the scene—a Friday evening. For once in his life, he is actually home in time to get ready to go to the big bash in the local orthopaedic consultant's house. She has organised the babysitter who is already there, the kids are happy, everyone is dressed up, it's going to be a wonderful evening. He drives there (she'll probably drive home, but anyway …).

They can tell they are getting near to orthopaedic country as they start to see the odd Land Rover Discovery parked, and she helpfully points out—"Look, there's a parking space coming up ……You've just gone past it. That would have done wouldn't it?" "No, no, no" he says. "There will be something nearer further on up." Of …


Objective: To evaluate relationships between lifting and lowering of loads and risk of low back pain resulting in medication use (M-LBP). Methods: At baseline, worker demographics, psychosocial factors, hobbies, LBP history, and lifting and lowering (quantified using the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation) were assessed. A cohort of 258 incident-eligible workers was followed up for 4.5 years to determine new M-LBP cases and changes in lifting/lowering requirements. Proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariates was used to model associations. Results: Factors predicting M-LBP included peak lifting index (PLI) and composite lifting index (PCLI), LBP history, anxiety, and housework. In adjusted models, PLI and PCLI showed exposure–response relationships with peak hazard ratios of 3.8 and 4.3, respectively (P ⩽ 0.02). Conclusions: Lifting of loads is associated with increased risk of M-LBP. The PLI and PCLI are useful metrics for estimating the risk of M-LBP from lifting.


Abstract. Resistance to human body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus L, induced by feeding on rabbits immunized with an extract of louse gut was studied. The mortality of lice fed on immunized rabbits was 73%, significantly higher than that of lice fed on control rabbits (52%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of dead nymphs and female lice with ruptured guts was significantly higher in lice fed on immunized rabbits (P<0.01). The size of the bloodmeal was 35% greater in female lice fed on control rabbits than on immunized rabbits. Lice fed on immunized rabbits laid 40% less eggs than those fed on the controls, they also demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of eggs per female over time (P<0.01). 86% of the eggs laid by lice fed on immunized animals hatched, compared with 92% hatching of eggs laid by the lice fed on control animals (P< 0.01). With the exception of the first bloodmeal the percentage of hatched eggs which were laid between any two bloodmeals was significantly smaller (p<0.01) in the lice fed on immunized rabbits than in the control group. The first nymphal stage of lice fed on immunized rabbits took an average of 5.2 days to moult to the second stage, compared with 4 days for those fed on control rabbits.


This study introduces formal methods for detection of vulnerabilities in binary code. It considers the transformation of binary code into behavior algebra expressions and formalization of vulnerabilities. The detection method has two levels: behavior matching and symbolic execution with vulnerability pattern matching. This enables more efficient performance.


The elastic strain energy density of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the interface between a solid surface and nematic liquid crystal is investigated. The elastic strain energy density for various surface topographies is related analytically to the orientational order parameter by assuming a Gaussian distribution of liquid crystal molecules around the director along the direction of the periodic grooves on the substrate. From the measured orientational order parameter in the surface region and the analytical relation, we determine quantitatively the elastic strain energy density of the surface induced nematic liquid crystal.


This paper describes a real-time simulation platform being developed at Boeing Commercial Airplanes to support Flight Deck and Air Traffic Management research and development. The motivation for such a platform and the technical solution pursued are being addressed. Key elements in the platform include: 1) light-weight server-client architecture, 2) Air Traffic Simulation, including arrival management automation, 3) high fidelity flight deck simulations that can include either a simulated flight management function or real avionics hardware, 4) a voice communication simulation, and 5) a datalink communication simulation.


While the data traffic has increased through the years, the average revenue per user (ARPU) remains flat. Thus, mobile network operators need to find a solution for how to support the growing amoun ...


A significant role in the theory of linear elliptic second-order partial differential equations in two independent variables has been played by the concept of the fundamental solution. Such a function is a single-valued solution of the equation, regular except for an isolated point at which it possesses a logarithmic singularity. For the special case of the Laplace equation =+OiSwthis solution can be uniquely characterized as the only (nonconstant) solution which exhibits radial symmetry. The requiirement of radial symmetry leads to an ordinary differential equation whose solution (up to a constant) is y log (x2+y2)"12. This function admits an important hydrodynamical interpretation as the velocity potential of an incompressible, nonviscous, two-dimensional source-flow. An amount 2w, of fluid is visualized as flowing in unit time out of a source at the origin (i.e. across every closed curve surrounding the source) and into a corresponding sink at infinity. The requirement of incompressibility may be relaxed by assuming a relation-called the equation of state-between the density p of the fluid and the velocity I V4 I. For adiabatic flows this relation takes the form p = [1((y1)/2) 1 V+| 2]1/(7-1), where y is the ratio of specific heats of the fluid. In this case the potential 4 satisfies not the Laplace equation but the nonlinear equation


Perpetrating romantic infidelity is discrepant with how most individuals see themselves and theoretically should produce cognitive dissonance. Accordingly, perpetrators of infidelity should experience symptoms of dissonance (e.g. self-concept discrepancy, psychological discomfort, poor affect) and employ tactics that reduce these symptoms (e.g. trivialization). These hypotheses were tested in four experiments. In each experiment, participants were given bogus feedback indicating that they had acted either faithfully or unfaithfully during a prior romantic relationship (this manipulation was evaluated in experiment 1). Participants who received unfaithful feedback reported higher levels of self-concept discrepancy, psychological discomfort, and poor affect (experiments 2 and 4) and trivialized to a greater extent the importance of their ostensive infidelities (experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 4 further showed that trivialization significantly reduced self-concept discrepancy and psychological discomfort but not poor affect. These results are generally consistent with the view that infidelity is a dissonance arousing behavior and that perpetrators of infidelity respond in ways that reduce cognitive dissonance.


The problems produced by using 95% confidence limits in evaluating a test result as normal for a patient or satisfactory when proficiency testing a laboratory are presented. The authors provide statistical tables for probability estimates to be used in performing multiple tests on a patient or specimen. Suggestions for reducing the problems of the "abnormal" normal in the screening of patients and the "unsatisfactory" satisfactory in proficiency testing of laboratories are offered.