Purpose It is known that as the T stage of a carcinoma progresses, the prognosis becomes poorer. However, there are few studies about factors that affect the prognosis of T4 advanced colon cancer. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in T4 colon cancer. Methods Patients diagnosed with stage T4 on histopathology after undergoing curative surgery for colon cancer between March 2009 and March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed for factors related to postoperative survival. Primary outcomes were DFS and OS. Results Eighty-two patients were included in the study. DFS and OS of the pathologic (p) T4b group were not inferior to that of the pT4a group. Multivariate analysis showed that differentiation (hazard ratio [HR], 4.994; P = 0.005), and laparoscopic surgery (HR, 0.323; P = 0.008) were significant prognostic factors for DFS, while differentiation (HR, 7.904; P ≤ 0.001) and chemotherapy (HR, 0.344; P = 0.038) were significant prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion Tumor differentiation, laparoscopic surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy were found to be significant prognostic factors in patients with T4 colon cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy and curative resections by laparoscopy might improve the prognosis in these patients.


Series connections of IMPATT diodes are capable of giving high microwave power output at a reasonably high impedance level. The series combination avoids many of the stability problems associated with parallel combinations. A series combination of three diodes mounted on a diamond heat sink produced a C3V 13-GHz output of 4.5 watts with an efficiency of 6.4 percent.


A 13‐month‐old girl with Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome and her mildly affected father are described. We discuss whether the father is a symptomatic heterozygote of the Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome or an untypical affected patient with Weyers' acrodental dysostosis.


The hypothesis that spatial distributions of phytoplankton "standing crop and photosynthetic capacity in Westhampton Lake are homogeneous was tested. Distributions were analyzed with respect to horizontal and vertical planes separately and combined. The study was divided into three time periods: 1) late summer stratification, 2) early fall mixing, and 3) fall turnover, based on isothermal lines of the lake at the deepest station. Phytoplankton standing crop was measured by spectrophotometric and fl uorometri c methods. The photosynthetic capacity was measured fluorometrically. Combined horizontal and vertical spatial distribution of standing crop was cl umped for the entire lake and during each time period. Most clumping was vertical rather than 'horizontal. V~rtical clumping was not exhibited at all stations and was not consistent for the stations for each time period. Vertical clumping was most evident at the deepest station for the first two periods. Horizontal distribution was random for each of the three periods when each of the nine stations 1vas analyzed separately. Standing crop was significantly greater at the downlake transect than the other two transects during each of the


Abstract 5098

Introduction: Follicular Lymphoma (FL) comprises of 20–30% of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. It is the most common lymphoma with varied clinical aggressiveness, depending on morphological grading on histology. The prognosis of FL is heterogeneous. Therefore therapeutic options for FL are increasingly becoming more risk-adopted. Pathologically, FL has been graded into grade 1–2 (FL1–2) and grade 3 (FL3) by visual counting or estimating the absolute number of centroblasts in neoplastic follicles. Recent studies found that the average tumor cell size of FL is highly variable, but is consistently reproducible, achieved by an objective measurement using flow cytometry. A significant variation in metabolic activity has also been observed in FL studied by PET scan. The purpose of this study was to investigate a new risk stratification method for FL using a combined criterion of Flow cytometry based cell size of FL cells and metabolic activity based on FDG PET scan to further evaluate their prognostic values.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 64 patients (25 males and 39 females with median age of 61 years), diagnosed with FL between 2006 –2010 in Beaumont Health System with proper HIC approval was performed. 44 cases were graded morphologically into low risk (FL 1–2) and 20 into high risk (FL 3), based on current WHO classification. The average tumor cell size was measured based flow cytometric analysis of the relative forward scatters (FSC) of tumor cells relative to that of internal T-cells in the lymphoma tissue. The metabolic activity was measured as in maximal standardized uptake value (SUV max) of the involved lymph node by PET scan based F-18 FDG uptake. The SUV was normalized to a glucose level of 100 using the formula: SUV100={[100 mg/dl]/[glc]}g where g=[-0. 5] from our prior publication and [Glc] was the glucose level of the patient recorded at the time of PET scan. The difference of average lymphoma cell size between grade 1–2 (FL 1–2, indolent) and grade 3 (FL 3, aggressive) was compared with Student t test. The difference of size distribution between FL with low SUV100 and FL with high SUV100 were compared with Chi square and Kappa tests. A two-tail p-value less than 0. 05 was considered significant in all tests. FSC and Metabolic activity were cross tabbed and correlated using cut off values determined by discriminant analysis.

Results: The FSC of B-cells were significantly lower in low grade FL than that in high grade FL (p=0. 00002). In contrast, FSC of residual T-cells in low grade FL and high grade FL were about the same (p=0. 2). Average lymphoma cell size of the low risk group (relative FSC of −15, range of −83 to 153) was significantly smaller than that of high risk group(relative FSC of 92, range of −32 to 243), (P<0. 0005)([figure 1][1]). Using a cut off value FSC= −18 from discriminant analysis, and group them into aggressive and indolent FL, there was significant difference in metabolic activity (SUV 100) between the lymphoma with small and large tumor cell sizes (p=0. 021, by Chi-Square test)([figure 2][2]). Combining these two objective independent measurements could accurately place low risk FL into observation with 95% confidence.

Conclusion: The significance of average lymphoma cell size identified by FSC in this study between FL grade 3 and grade 1–2 validate potential utility of flow cytometry in grading FL in refining the grading because the measurement of average lymphoma cell size by flow cytometry it is more reproducible, objective, and easy to use than manual counting centroblasts microscopically. Since increased metabolic activity is often associated with more aggressive clinical behavior, combining tumor cell size by flow cytometry and metabolic activity by FDG PET imaging can potentially serve as an independent criterion in risk stratification and better grading of FL. Further clinical correlation is in progress.

![Figure][3]

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Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: #F2
 [3]: pending:yes


In the modern world the creation of brand is an integral part of the development process at any levels (micro and macro environment). Branding is included in all spheres of the economy: from mechanical engineering to essential goods. The cultural brand is used as a popular tool of competition. The building of brand is included in the list of priority tasks of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. Philip Kotler, founder of marketing science, said," If you're not a brand, you don't exist" (Kotler, 2010). The aim of the study is form a model of cultural brand development of Sochi city in modren conditions of internal and external environment. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved, to analyze and clarify the research base on topic under consideration; identify the unique features of cultural branding of Sochi city; make a list of proposed activities to include in the model; identify the factors affecting the pace and success of cultural territory branding.


A definition of fuzzy test for testing statistical hypotheses with vague data is proposed. Then the general method for the construction of fuzzy tests for hypotheses concerning an unknown parameter...


In a recent paper, Webb (2000) presented evidence for shallow zonal jets in the South Equatorial Current in the Southwest Pacific. This was based on numerical model results from the high-resolution Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modelling (OCCAM) model driven by ECMWF wind stress. Model resolution was sufficient to indicate that the current was broken up into a series of zonal jets by the extensive shallow topography associated with islands and reefs. These jets were prominent near the northern and southern extremities of the major island groups—Fiji, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. The model defined the broad-scale structure of the jets and their effect on the temperature and salinity fields. Webb (2000) states that ''Such features are relatively unknown and unstudied, so these results should provide a strong incentive for further detailed experimental and theoretical research in the region.'' This statement reminded the present authors of oceanographic data collected south of Fiji in 1992, which appeared to show such a zonal jet, and these results are presented here.


FIELD: navigation. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to navigation. Navigation guidance system contains at least, end user device with devices for introduction of destinations and receiving guidance or routing instructions, maps database containing roads and, if necessary, points of interest (POI), vehicle position determining device, such as global positioning system, server or other memory unit and processing elements, means for providing communication between end user and server, node pairs search tables database (NPLUT), which is initially partially or completely filled with solutions directly for each node pair and which contains direct solutions between each potential input unit and each potential output unit of each limited geographical region (BGR), interesting end user, and navigation software core constantly placed on server and made with possibility to create limited geographic regions (BGR) having size, which enables direct navigation solutions within boundaries of said limited geographical region (BGR), identifying node pairs for each limited geographical region (BGR), which can be part of potential solution, and optimizing navigation solution based on dependent variable, specified by user, and independent variables, which are essentially part of solutions database. EFFECT: technical result is efficient calculation of navigation route. 13 cl, 13 dwg


Coronaviruses (CoV) make up a large family of viruses, known since the mid-1960s, which received this name due to the spikes on its surface, which resemble a crown (from the Latin corona). CoV infections can cause everything from a common cold to severe respiratory syndromes, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). COVID-19 is a new variant of the coronavirus, and its isolation occurred in China on January 7th, 2020. COVID-19 has stood out with a high impact on public health due to the high number of cases with infection in a short period of time. However, it is possible to observe that 17% of patients confirmed with COVID-19 have severe infections and about 2.5% of these patients die. Current studies have shown that the number of mild and asymptomatic cases may be even greater. Thus, the challenges for controlling unreported cases of patients with mild symptoms that are spreading the virus and interfering with the magnitude and real data of the cases stand out. The transmission of the coronavirus occurs between humans, and it can occur from person to person through the air, through coughing or sneezing, by touching or shaking hands or by contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, followed by contact with the mouth, nose or eyes. Given the fluctuation in the incidence and the lethality rate, it is essential to stand out the precepts of health promotion in search of reorienting hygiene practices, considering that there is validity in health care models, still with a curative approach and the current situation experienced by the world population requires a preventive stance.


This paper presents a study of the transient response of HDA subjected to a half-sine shock pulse in the axial and pitching directions. The solution is obtained using the multi-modal expansion approximation and applying the Galerkin method of the resulting equations. Numerical results are obtained using the Newmark β method for a 3.5" hard disk-head system. It is found that the relative distance between the disk and the head becomes maximum when the input duration γ is about l.5times the natural half-period of the fundamental (0, 0) mode. Results also show that the air film stiffness between the head and the disk should be high in order to realize a shock-proof head.


We propose a method for the calculation of vacuum expectation values (VEVs) given a non-trivial, long-distance vacuum wave functional (VWF) of the kind that arises, for example, in variational calculations. The VEV is written in terms of a Schr\"odinger-picture path integral, then a local expansion for (the logarithm of the) VWF is used. The integral is regulated with an explicit momentum cut-off, $\Lambda$. The resulting series is not expected to converge for $\Lambda$ larger than the mass-gap but studying the domain of analyticity of the VEVs allows us to use analytic continuation to estimate the large-$\Lambda$ limit. Scalar theory in 1+1 dimensions is analyzed, where (as in the case of Yang-Mills) we do not expect boundary divergences.


Film laser transfer to label parts durably, comprising at least a support layer on the underside of which there is a layer of adhesive applied to the entire surface, so that the backing layer and the adhesive layer are transparent or translucent and do not absorb a laser beam, characterized in that on the underside of the adhesive layer has been applied, covering the entire surface, a pigmented layer containing at least one pigment that absorbs the energy of a laser beam and sublimated.


The dependence of mankind on software systems has made it necessary to produce highly reliable software. Software reliability is the major dynamic attribute of the software quality. Hence, it is essential to ensure software reliability for software products. The computer revolution has benefited society and increased the global productivity, but a major threat of this revolution is that the world has become critically dependent on the computing systems for proper functioning and timing of all its activities. While designing software it becomes very important to identify the critical modules in a software system. A system can be made fault tolerant by adding redundant components. Adding redundancy in critical modules may increase the reliability of the system and hence prevents system failure. So this paper aims at optimal selection of COTS components by minimizing the absolute deviational execution time by simultaneously maximizing the system reliability with a constraint on criticality of modules under fuzzy environment.


Aim: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of communication skills training in reducing emotional divorce of women affected by their husbands' infidelity. Methods: The present experimental study had a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of women affected by husbands' infidelity who visited a private clinic in Tehran. Among them, we selected 30 women as statistical samples using random sampling. We randomly assigned the participants into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. We implemented the Gottman Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS) (2008) on individuals at each stage of the pretest and posttest, and then analyzed the results using the analysis of covariance. Results: According to the results, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, and communication skill training was effective in reducing emotional divorce (P<0.001, F= 49.12). Conclusion: Data analysis indicated that communication skill training had effects 1 . ،تاقیقحت مولع دحاو یملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ،هرواشم دشرا سانشراک ناریا ،نارهت همانلصف شجنس و شهوژپ رد و هرواشم یسانشناور هرود 2 هرامش / 3 ( 5 ) / زییاپ 1399 ، 86 78 یشهوژپ هلاقم Journal of Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology Vol 2/No 3(5)/ Fall 2020, 78-86


I have always enjoyed reading Winnicott's clinical work. His writing is playful, startling, provocative, often elegant, and always lively. His papers are frequently cited—perhaps even more often than they are read. In the opinion of Thomas Ogden (20011), psychoanalysis has had "only one great English-speaking writer" (p. 299), Winnicott—an accolade for which Ogden himself might be in contention. Yet for all his liveliness and originality, when I have been called upon to teach Winnicott's theoretical work, I have come up against two problems. First, I find that frequently I cannot say what he means, especially whether he means to be taken metaphorically or literally. His use of words, including psychoanalytic terms, is often idiosyncratic and rarely elaborated. Second, I find in many cases that I cannot tell how he arrived at his conclusions. He is apt to state an idea as a fact almost in passing; he does not always explain or even acknowledge that others might have other ideas. When I turn to Ogden for help, I find both enlightenment and further confusion. In what follows, I would like to share my reading of Ogden's paper, "Reading Winnicott" (2001). I will try to show that Winnicott's writing style, enjoyable though it may be, does not encourage the reader to engage in dialogue with his ideas. After doing so, I would like to respond to what I believe is a false dichotomy set up by Ogden between those analysts who embrace


In two-way multiantenna relay systems, confidential information can be easily intercepted by eavesdroppers. To overcome this problem, two secure beamforming schemes are proposed: secrecy sum rate maximization beamforming (SSRMB) and null space beamforming (NSB). For the SSRMB scheme, the nonconvex secrecy sum rate maximization problem is solved using a successive convex approximation strategy, which is convergent. The obtained beamforming solution is locally optimal to the original problem. For the special scenario where the number of antennas at the relay is more than the number of eavesdroppers, the NSB scheme with a low complexity is proposed. The beamforming solution is obtained by solving a generalized Rayleigh quotient problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes can effectively improve the security performance, and the SSRMB scheme has a fast convergence rate.


Long-lived organisms are likely to respond to a rapidly changing climate with behavioral flexibility. Animals inhabiting the arid parts of southern Africa face a particularly rapid rise in temperature which in combination with food and water scarcity places substantial constraints on the ability of animals to tolerate heat. We investigated how three species of African antelope—springbok Antidorcas marsupialis, kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros and eland T. oryx—differing in body size, habitat preference and movement ecology, change their activity in response to extreme heat in an arid savanna. Serving as a proxy for activity, dynamic body acceleration data recorded every five minutes were analyzed for seven to eight individuals per species for the three hottest months of the year. Activity responses to heat during the hottest time of day (the afternoons) were investigated and diel activity patterns were compared between hot and cool days. Springbok, which prefer open habitat, are highly mobile and the smallest of the species studied, showed the greatest decrease in activity with rising temperature. Furthermore, springbok showed reduced mean activity over the 24 h cycle on hot days compared to cool days. Large-bodied eland seemed less affected by afternoon heat than springbok. While eland also reduced diurnal activity on hot days compared to cool days, they compensated for this by increasing nocturnal activity, possibly because their predation risk is lower. Kudu, which are comparatively sedentary and typically occupy shady habitat, seemed least affected during the hottest time of day and showed no appreciable difference in diel activity patterns between hot and cool days. The interplay between habitat preference, body size, movement patterns, and other factors seems complex and even sub-lethal levels of heat stress have been shown to impact an animal's long-term survival and reproduction. Thus, differing heat tolerances among species could result in a shift in the composition of African herbivore communities as temperatures continue to rise, with significant implications for economically important wildlife-based land use and conservation.


This study is aimed to reveal essential gene/molecular pathways in heat acclimation (AC). Ceanorhabditis elegans wild type (N2) and HIF‐1 loss of function mutant (KO‐hif1) were used. The N2 worm, acclimated to heat at 25oC enhances survival when exposed to heat stress at the extreme temperature of 35oC. Concomitantly, the HIF‐1 loss of function mutant is unable to acclimate. Hence, comparing the wild type N2 to the KO‐hif1mutant enabled us to study the importance of HIF‐1 targets in AC. To gain a broader perspective on the molecular pathways involved in the acclimation process, we compared the trascriptome profile of control and AC worms of both the N2 and the mutants, using a two‐color array and bioinformatic tools. Survivorship curves of N2 worms with RNAi blockade of the identified genes confirmed their importance in AC. hsp70, ƒÑ£] crystaline, gst20, his71 which encodes Histone 3 and flp1 encoding the FLP1 protein of the worm nervous system were among these genes.


Magnetic superlattices were synthesised on monocrystalline SrTiO 3 substrates using La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 as a ferromagnetic layer and SrTiO 3 as an insulating layer. The (La 0.7 Sr 0.3 sMnO 3 /SrTiO 3 ) 15 superlattices were grown in-situ by liquid-injection metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. High-angle X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation showed the presence of satellite peaks and Laue oscillations indicating the high quality of the stacking. The diffraction patterns were compared to simulated spectra. Electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to complement the structural and microstructural study.


Abundance analysis of carbon and nitrogen has been performed for a sample of 90 F and G type mainsequence disk stars with a metallicity range of -1.0 < [Fe/H] < +0.2 using the Cl and N I lines. We confirm a moderate carbon excess in the most metal-poor disk dwarfs found in previous investigations. Our results suggest that carbon is enriched by superwinds of metal-rich massive stars at the beginning of the disk evolution, while a significant amount of carbon is contributed by low-mass stars in the late stage. The observed behavior of [N/Fe] is about solar in the disk stars, irrespective of the metallicity. This result suggests that nitrogen is produced mostly by intermediate-mass stars.


Abstract : After a brief outline of the applications and methods of biomechanics and the major sources of biodynamics data, the paper reviews the status of mathematical modeling, physical modeling (dummies) and scaling of models and damage levels. Biomechanics data required for preparing mathematical models, as well as for adjusting and validating the computer programs, are found to be insufficient for computational applications. Because of this paucity of supporting data, computer models are in general oversimplified and rudimentary, despite the availability of adequate computational techniques used in the aerospace industry. Physical models and the requirements for dynamic similarity are discussed. Although quantitative simulation is warranted under some circumstances, anthropomorphic dummies are expected to be of most value as visual aids and for purposes of demonstrating kinematic relationships between man and vehicle. Scaling from dummies to man and from animals to man is difficult to justify theoretically because of differences in structure, size and modes of failure. However, damage scaling in terms of the inputs (G and delta-V) required for failure, is shown to be accurate enough for purposes of rough approximation.


A total number of 330 native Libyan chicken eggs were collected from smallholders over different areas of south Libya to determine and classify some quantitative and qualitative traits in Libyan native fowls. The quantitative traits studied in the current trial were fertility and hatchability percent, egg weight, eggshell characteristics (weight, thickness, area), chicks weight and body measurements at different ages and rectal temperature. The quantitative traits studied were eggshell color, feather color, shank color, comb type, head shape, ear lobe color and ptilopody. The main results of the current study could be summarized as follows: The fertility of local chicken eggs was slightly better (about 73%) and the hatchability trait was close to fertility measure, the corresponding figure was about 69%. Concerning chick weight and its percent, the corresponding values were 26.4g and 60.4%, respectively. The Libyan native eggs have lost more of their weights as a percent from initial weights; the mean value was 19.5%. The average of body weight in Libyan fowls ranged from 26.7 to 250.4g from hatching weight up to the sixth week of age. At latter ages, there was a significant difference between males and females in body weight trait throughout the later ages, where the body weight of males was significantly heavier than females. With respect to the qualitative traits, The brown/black/white (36.4%), black (24.7%) and brown (14.8%) feathers were the main feathers color in Libyan native fowls beside some other groups of color presented with less frequency. The predominant shank color was black (39.9%) followed by yellow (24.5%), blue (18.7%) and white (17.9%) shanks. In conclusion, the Libyan native chickens show heterogeneity in the phenotypic traits considered. Therefore, further investigation is required to make an extensive survey on the Libyan local chickens over different areas of Libya to classify those birds according to their qualitative and quantitative traits in an attempt to make local meat and layer chicken lines and take into account the uniformity of qualitative characters to make local strains are similar in their morphological and productive characteristics .


This research paper is aimed at describing the interaction between teacher and students in the teaching vocabulary using the students teams achievement division (STAD) at the second year of senior high school Al-Islam1.
The writer uses descriptive qualitative research. The data used in this research are derived from event, informant, and document analysis. The data are quoted from the observation and interview with the teacher and students.
 Based on the data analysis, the writer can conclude that in the teaching-learning process using STAD in the second year of senior high school Al-Islam1 Surakarta the students are motivated to be active in language skill. The teacher has several roles in teaching learning using STAD in the second year of senior high school Al-Islam1 Surakarta.
By using this technique, the students could improve their motivation and it could stimulate the students to English vocabulary words better. In addition by varying the procedures among the cycles, the students were not easy to get bored and could improve their vocabulary skill.
Basically, a technique is indicated to be successful if the students can give good response. In this case, the students give several responses to STAD. First, most of the students strongly agree the implementation of STAD. Second, most of them agree STAD is effective, benefical, appropriate, and not confusing.


increasing in recent years. Utilizing the tools of metabolic engineering, researchers have successfully catalyzed a wide array of biochemical reactions producing important biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals. Styrene is a versatile, widely-used commodity chemical for which 60% of its global annual consumption supports the production of numerous, industrially-important polymers and co-polymers. Today, all commercially-available styrene is derived from the world's dwindling petroleum resources. Conventional styrene synthesis is achieved through the chemocatalytic dehydrogenation of petroleum-derived ethylbenzene which requires exorbitant amounts of energy in the form of steam. In this work, a pathway for the biosynthesis of styrene has been engineered in Escherichia coli from glucose by utilizing the pathway for the naturally occurring amino acid phenylalanine. Styrene production was accomplished via over-expression of PAL2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and FDC1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the E. coli phenylalanine overproducer, E. coli NST74. The styrene pathway was then extended by just one enzyme to either (S)-styrene oxide (StyAB from Pseudomonas putida S12) or (R)-1,2-phenylethanediol (NahAaAbAcAd from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4) which are both used in pharmaceutical production. Overall, these pathways suffered from limitations due to product toxicity as well as limited precursor availability. In an effort to overcome the toxicity threshold, the styrene pathway was transferred to a yeast host (Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741) with a higher toxicity limit. For styrene biosynthesis in yeast to be realized, S. cerevisiae BY4741 was first engineered, via random mutagenesis and high-throughput selection, to overproduce the pathway precursor phenylalanine. Subsequently, by overexpression of PAL2 and relying on the native expression of FDC1, styrene was achieved in yeast, for the first time, from renewable resources. These works have successfully demonstrated the use of microorganisms as cellular factories for the production of styrene, (S)styrene oxide, and (R)-1,2-phenylethanediol. Chemical Engineering Doctoral Defense Metabolic Engineering for the Biosynthesis of Styrene and its Derivatives


Abstract This paper covers selected shortcomings in Docutek's ERes system for electronic reserves. Some of the topics include an inability to customize some pages or find certain usage statistics, a high number of steps to add a document to a page, some difficulties in cross listing courses and deleting faculty accounts and a lack of options for creating non-course pages. While there are a number of items mentioned as problems within ERes, the system remains a terrific choice for institutions looking for an efficient and effective way to make faculty course materials available on the Web. Docutek is planning a major upgrade with v5 that may answer some of the questions raised in this article.


The method described provides a straightforward method of measuring nonlinear distortion at the upper end of the audio frequency band. It is easily used and allows measurements to be made in a variety of preemphasised circuits with a minimum chance of error in the alignment of levels or in the choice of preemphasis characteristics.


This paper is concerned with the optimal output feedback control problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with Markovian packet losses. In this paper, the packet losses occur both between the sensor and controller and between the controller and actuator. Moreover, the packet loss channels are described with two-state Markov chains. Since the precise state information cannot be obtained, thus an optimal recursive estimator is designed. Furthermore, by adopting the dynamic programming approach, we derive the optimal output feedback control, which is based on the solution to a given modified Riccati equation. The obtained results can be seen as an important implementation of the control theory for NCSs with unreliable communication channels.


We examined the degeneration of the lateral meniscus (LM) by MRI in 47 knees with OA. The average age of the patients was 65.5 years (range from 47 to 90). They were divided into two groups radiographically by Kellgren classification: One group was classified as early stage, consisting of grades I and II, and the other as advanced stage, consisting of grades III and IV. There were 22 knees in the early stage, and 25 in the advanced stage. The MRI findings were evaluated according to Mink's classification. Grades 3A and 3B were regarded as significant degeneration.In the early stage, a significant degenerative area was observed in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions in LM at the rate of 18.2%, 9.1%, 13.6%, respectively in MRI. On the other hand, in the late stage, the degenerative area was observed in the anterior region at the highest rate of 48%; In the middle and posterior regions, the rate was 28% and 24%, respectively. The tendency for the anterior region in LM to degenerate more frequently in the late stage may be correlated with the loose attachment to the capsular ligament in the subpopliteal recess in the posterior region.


77 3. Courtine, G. Modulation of Multisegmental Monosynaptic Responses (MMR) in a variety of leg muscles during walking and running in humans / Courtine G., Harkema S.J., Dy Ch.J. et al. // J. Physiology; 582, 2007 – P.1125-1139. 4. Povareshchenkova, J. Neurophysiological mechanisms of leg muscles efferents excitability control / Povareshchenkova J., Andriyanova E., Petrov D. ; European College of Sport Science // Book of Abstracts of the 13th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science. – Portugal, 2008. – Р. 399. Контактная информация: email@example.com


S> The future outlook for nuclear energy in Europe is assessed differently in two new reports from OEEC and Euratom. Euratom expects in 1980 for its six countries a nuclear energy share of almost 50% of the total electrical consumption of 950 x 1O/sup 12/ watt-hr and of over 30% of the then available total capacity. The OEEC anticipates for 1975 in all OEEC countries a proportion of nuclear power stations amounting to only 5 to 17.3%. (auth)


For over a thousand years, porcelain represented the foundation of ceramic discipline being a main driving force for world ceramic research . Various efforts to duplicate desired characteristics of Chinese porcelain as whiteness and translucency were unsuccessful due to complexities of porcelain system. Success was achieved only when this effort was supported by governments. This coupled with a systematic research effort in the end of 17-th and in the beginning of 18-th century led to invention of the first European porcelain in Meissen.


New remote sensing techniques based on the analysis of the Earth's surface-reflected signal from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS-Reflectometry, or GNSS-R in short) are emerging. Soil moisture and vegetation status are some of the potential parameters that could be also retrieved from these sources. However, the complex interactions between the soil-vegetation interface can lead to spurious effects on the reflected signal. In order to study these effects, an airborne campaign was developed in an experimental area in Spain in August, 2014. A new GNSS-R-based instrument was flown together with thermal and optical cameras mounted on a paramotor. Ground measurements of soil moisture were taken during the flight. Maps at very high spatial resolution of reflectivity, Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Digital Surface Model (DSM) were jointly analyzed, together with the ground observations. The results showed an important influence of the topography (i.e., the local incidence angle) on the GNSS-R reflectivity, and promising patterns relating reflectivity with soil moisture and LST were found. However, owing the dry soil and weather conditions during the experiment, further tests are needed over different environment and climatic conditions.


A new method was developed for the determination of the size distribution of nano-particles by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Scattering effect of nanoparticles was studied. This method for the determination of size distribution was statistical.


This article reviews biotechnological options for genetic improvement of safflower. Recent years witnessed an interest from the industrial sector in safflower for production of plant made pharmaceuticals and industrial proteins through molecular farming. However, crop breeding programmes are not being complemented adequately with the biotechnological tools. The framework genetic map of safflower is not available till date. Safflower has enormous variability and several traits could be genotyped through the available molecular marker systems. Genotyping should invariably be carried out along with phenotypic trait evaluation for maximizing gain from selection. Rich genomic resources are available for other taxa of Asteraceae viz., Lactuca sativa and Helianthus spp. and safflower could be an ideal candidate crop to have advancements in genomics through comparative mapping. Safflower is amenable to manipulations in vitro and genetic transformation protocols through vector mediated gene transfer are in place providing scope for development of transgenics for desirable traits. In safflower, anthers and microspores are known to have great propensity for shoot regeneration in vitro and this offers possibilities in marker assisted breeding through development of doubled haploid population. Wild Carthamus species constitute a rich repertoire of genes for biotic and abiotic stresses besides oil quality traits and need to be utilized. Prebreeding through intraspecific and interspecific genetic enhancement coupled with marker aided selection will accelerate the breeding programmes. Nevertheless, safflower research is scattered and there is an immediate need for determining regional and international priorities and forming core work groups as in other crops for tapping the unexploited potential of safflower.


Democratic Decline and Democratic Renewal is a provocative study of the changing nature of the democratic process in Britain, Australia, and New Zealand. The book has two goals. First, to describe the decline of the traditional model of representative democracy through political parties as new populist forms of political action have eroded the role of parties. Second, are there mechanisms to restore the pattern of 'thick' representative government that the authors see as benefitting the democratic process and its citizens? The book's contributions to these issues are a valuable new addition to the study of democratic change in advanced industrial democracies. Marsh and Miller discuss the process of democratic governance in terms of four concepts. The first is identity, which involves ties to social groups, political ideologies, or norms of citizenship. Second, they discuss accounts or ideas of governing. This involves the dominant ideas about the nature of political cooperation, or counter-ideas. Political institutions constitute the third concept. Capabilities are the final variable in their model, which covers citizen rights, competencies, and resources. The analytic chapters loosely compare how these four traits have changed over time in each nation. Taken together, these traits describe a pattern of 'thick democracy' in the period of strong mass parties that dominated the political process. The erosion of the mass party model in all three nations has produced a new form of 'thin democracy' in the terminology of the authors. The bulk of the book is devoted to case studies of the partisan and policy histories of three nations: Britain, Australia, and New Zealand. Chapters 3–5 discuss the British case. Chapter 3 describes the development of a collectivist consensus in post-World War II Britain, tracing this policy development to the effect of strong political parties. Consequently, as parties lost some of their political strength beginning in the 1960s, chapter 4 maintains that this produced the policy trends represented by Thatcher's neo-liberalism and Blair's New Labour. In short, the decline of parties as political organizations led to the decline of the state's strategic capacity. Chapter 5 discusses Blair government's response to the gap in the state's strategic capacity and its limited success. The authors see the gap in strategic capacity as a major challenge for British government. The next section discusses the evolution of partisan politics and policy in Australia. Chapter 6 describes the formation of the party system and its development into a mass party format


ABSTRACT Oil spills due to either accidents or deliberate oily discharges cause severe pollution and can be thwarted if proper detection facilities are applied. This article reports new flexible oil sensor capabilities of three different elastomer (natural rubber, butyl rubber, and styrene–isoprene–styrene copolymer) composites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We highlight the sensor manufacturing by simple means of solution mixing, and the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the elastomers is substantiated with the help of morphology and structural analyses. Electrical percolation and semiconductor characteristics were also examined for composites. The developed materials show better oil sensing above the percolation level, and the filler–polymer interfacial interaction is the main factor regulating the oil-detecting capability. The efficiency of the sensors was also tested after many instances of bending.


Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol has substantial impacts on climate, air
quality and biogeochemical cycles, and its concentrations are highly
variable in space and time. A key variability to evaluate within models that
simulate aerosol is the vertical distribution, which influences atmospheric
heating profiles and aerosol–cloud interactions, to help constrain aerosol
residence time and to better represent the magnitude of simulated impacts. To
ensure a consistent comparison between modeled and observed vertical
distribution of aerosol, we implemented an aerosol lidar simulator within
the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator
Package version 2 (COSPv2). We assessed the attenuated total backscattered
(ATB) signal and the backscatter ratios (SRs) at 532 nm in the U.S.
Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1
(E3SMv1). The simulator performs the computations at the same vertical
resolution as the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP),
making use of aerosol optics from the E3SMv1 model as inputs and assuming
that aerosol is uniformly distributed horizontally within each model
grid box. The simulator applies a cloud masking and an aerosol detection
threshold to obtain the ATB and SR profiles that would be observed above
clouds by CALIOP with its aerosol detection capability. Our analysis shows
that the aerosol distribution simulated at a seasonal timescale is generally
in good agreement with observations. Over the Southern Ocean, however, the
model does not produce the SR maximum as observed in the real world.
Comparison between clear-sky and all-sky SRs shows little differences,
indicating that the cloud screening by potentially incorrect model clouds
does not affect the mean aerosol signal averaged over a season. This
indicates that the differences between observed and simulated SR values are
due not to sampling errors, but to deficiencies in the representation of
aerosol in models. Finally, we highlight the need for future applications of lidar observations at multiple wavelengths to provide insights into aerosol properties and distribution and their representation in Earth system models.


Any modern approach for developing a thorough understanding of any particular organism or group of organisms will at some stage involve determining all or part of their corresponding DNA or RNA sequences. DNA sequencing is commonly used to gain insight into a wide array of biological processes. Improvements in technologies and processes employed to gather information about the biological world have lead to the accumulation of enormous amounts of data which must be filtered, sorted and studied; a task beyond the capabilities of the human mind alone. Increasingly the domain of biology has become fused with the domains of information technology and mathematics. Computational systems designed to shift the burden of data processing away from scientists have evolved into systems of such complexity as to become areas of study in their own right. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a number of sequence-based bioinformatics analyses and tools, and their applications in the fields of genomics and plant genome research. Almost all of the tools described here have been designed to work exclusively with data produced using second generation sequencing (2GS) technologies. Included in this thesis is a description of a novel 2GS de novo assembly algorithm called SaSSY To demonstrate how SaSSY is being applied in current research, a . selection of projects the Author is involved with that have either used, or are currently using SaSSY are also described. These include the coral genome sequencing project, two comparative genomics projects involving the de novo assembly of BAC sequences from Secale cereale (rye) and Brassica rapa (rapeseed), and a project that aims to compare differences between different mitochondrial and chloroplast sequences in a variety of legumes. Also presented are summaries of the Author's role in the development of three bioinformatics software packages: autoSNPdb; a web based SNP detection and visualisation application, TagDB; a web based short read mapping and visualisation application, and BGA; an annotation pipeline developed primarily for annotating plant derived BAC and cDNA sequences. 2GS technologies have significantly influenced the direction, scope and perceived limitations of biological research as a whole and have particularly influenced the area of bioinformatics. It is becoming increasingly apparent that further revolutions in sequencing technology are expected to occur in the very near future indicating that research in this area will continue to grow, at an ever increasing pace.


This Bachelor Thesis attempts to connect legal and political science in relation to the European Union (EU) within the United Nations (UN). Being a global power is important for the EU in order to control risks, promote democracy, the rule of law and a multilateral world order (Farrell, 2006). The biggest international Institution, the United Nations (UN), is a place of clashing political interests and the main arena for global powers. Therefore, the creation of an effective Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) with a strong united voice, especially in the UN, is an important objective embedded in the EU legal system. The legal obligation builds the frame of political behaviour. However, the EU is not a state with one major interest but a meeting point of several states' interests which need to be balanced. Hence, the question emerges in how far the EU legal guidelines shape the state's political behaviour when it comes to political negotiation and actions in the UN. The general aim of the paper is to examine the EU's performance in the UN in relation to the legal frame of the Lisbon Treaty. To pursue this aim the study is based on a literature review.


Between 1694 and 1848 a medley of ecclesiastical and military chroniclers attempted to describe-through their own cultural lenses and with the inherent biases that come with them-an emerging and dynamic cultural adaptation occurring among the Gila River Pima, or the Akimel O'otham-the "River People." While Pima culture was by no means static prior to 1694, it was less so after that date. A number of important changes were documented, including the adaptation to new crops and new growing patterns. Villages clustered together more than beforealthough the east-west anchor villages of Chukma Shugthagi (Blackwater) and Komatke remained largely intact-and other Piman groups, including some of those in the San Pedro Valley (Sobaipuris) and in the Santa Cruz Valley (Koahadk), consolidated among the Gila Pima. Core cultural values, however, such as industriousness, virtue, and honesty did not change as they were deeply embedded in the Akimel O'otham tradition.1 The spatial parameter of 1694-1848 is somewhat arbitrary and focuses solely on the early historic period. It begins with the arrival of the Jesuit priest Francisco Eusebio Kino on the Gila River and the first recorded observations of the Pima. The outside parameter closes at 1848, which parallels with the end of the Mexican War and the de facto cessation of Mexican administration on the Gila. While the Gadsden


Very low magnitude sensitivity first- and second-order bandpass and bandstop complex coefficient orthogonal digital filter structures are derived by developing appropriate prototype sections and applying on them a circuit transformation. The bandstop and the multioutput universal orthogonal sections are proposed for first time. Then, a comparative study together with other known structures is conducted and it is shown that while having a canonic (minimum) number of multipliers and delay elements (many times less than those of the other known structures), the new structures have tens or hundreds of times lower sensitivity for narrow-band realizations. A method of approximation and design of higher orthogonal filters employing the new sections also is proposed. The lower sensitivity of the new structures is demonstrated experimentally.


Abstract1. After oral administration ibuprofen appeared mainly in unchanged form in the plasma of rats, dogs, baboons and men. It disappeared more slowly from the plasma of dogs than from that of other species. On repeated dosing it accumulated most in dog plasma.2. Two metabolites, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propionic acid (metabolite A) and 2-[4-(2-carboxypropyl)phenyl]propionic acid (metabolite B), were found in rat, baboon and human plasma, but not in dog plasma. Both metabolites were found in the urines of all four species, but there were marked differences in proportions and extent of conjugation.3. Rats excreted in bile about 28% of a single intravenous dose of [14C]ibu-profen in 3 hours and a dog excreted 25% in the same period. Biliary cannulation did not influence plasma radioactivity, suggesting that little enterohepatic circulation occurred.4. At clinically significant concentrations ibuprofen was strongly bound to plasma protein in vitro, 95% being bound in baboon, 96% in rat, and ...


Introductionin many ways in this essay i speak with no authority, I am neither IndoTrinidadian nor a man, yet I seek to claim this space. I claim this space as an interested observer, one who seeks to understand the process taking place in and around me, the changing dynamics of gender and its intersection with ethnicity, class and identity, and the ways in which popular culture shapes and is shaped by these continuous interactions. I claim this space also as a citizen whose identity is as much defined in opposition as in relation to my others', and who therefore needs to understand my others in order to understand myself.1 It is on this basis, therefore, that I proceed. This essay takes its cue from the popular soca song of Denise Belfon during the 2004 Carnival season in Trinidad and Tobago and the varied responses to it. These debates provide a lively context for analyses of the ongoing negotiations on ethnicity, nation, citizenship and gender currently taking place in the region. The essay also provides an opportunity for a further contribution to the still limited literature on Indo-Caribbean masculinities. This essay is also about Indo-Trinidadian men and Afro-Trinidadian women, a dyad that has been of some concern to historians. Interestingly, it has been of less concern to Indo-Trinidadian cultural nationalists who have been more concerned with the opposite dyad - that of Afro-Trinidadian men and Indo-Trinidadian women. This dyad, therefore, is one that is replete with the politics of racial and sexual transgression, and the imbrication of race, gender and sexual desire.Trinidad and Tobago is a two-island nation-state located in the southern Caribbean. While its economy has been largely dependent on oil and gas from its energy sector, its ethnic diversity and popular culture have been major components of its national identity. According to the 2011 census, the total population was 1, 328,019 with 50.1 percent male and 49.9 percent female. With respect to ethno-demographics, people who for census purposes define themselves as African (34.2 percent) and Indian (35.2 percent) comprise the majority of the population. The fastest growing 'mixed' group comprised 22.8 percent, an increase from 20.46 percent in 2000. The other minorities - White/European, Chinese, Syrian/Lebanese - though small in number, are highly represented in the social and economic elite. Small numbers of mixed descendants of indigenous people also exist. The population of Tobago is 82.5 percent of African descent, a decline from 92 percent in 2000, reflecting the small but increasing group defining themselves as 'mixed' - African-Indian, 4.3 percent, and 'other mixed', 4.2 percent. The proportion of Indo-Trinidadians in Tobago remained stable at 2.5 percent.2For decades, historians pondered the situation where for most of the first three to four decades of Indian presence in the country, few intimate relationships were recorded between Indo-Trinidadian men and Afro-Trinidadian women. Bridget Brereton, writing in 1981, noted the "reluctance of Indian men to cohabit with Creole women, despite the shortage of Indian women". She continued:As late as 1871 the Protector of the Immigrants believed that no single case of cohabitation existed and up to 1917 such cases were very rare. Of course language, customs, religion and caste were powerful obstacles to such unions, but individuals have always broken through such sanctions, and in the Caribbean miscegenation was the general rule. Perhaps the Indians, who were mostly Hindus from northern India, brought with them the caste-linked Indian contempt for the darker-skinned, which reinforced the existing race and colour prejudices in the host society. Whatever the reason, miscegenation was not to be an integrating factor in this period.3While noting that these relationships have generally received limited attention by Caribbeanist scholars, Audra Diptee, in her critique of this position, rejects these cultural arguments, especially those based on "the prejudicial nature of the Hindu caste system". …


interest to psychiatry. First, the indigenous healer provides a comparative model for the study of psychotherapeutic methods. Second, the indigenous healer continues to be an important manpower resource, even in Western industrialized society. Yet the question still remains, how to frame working relationships between the psychotherapist, operating within one world view, and the indigenous healer who operates within another world view. One model is to maintain total separation. Although one may recognize the existence of the other, because of divergent world views, neither sees the other as a viable alternative. A second model is competitive. Proselytization of clientele is important, in order to demonstrate the


In December of 2008, the state-owned company invested by KunMing Steel holding company was built, which was restructured by HongHe Flux LTD., YunNan KunGangJiaHua Cement LTD., BaoShan KunGangJiaHua Cement LTD., and QuJing KunGangJiaHua Cement LTD., etc The restructuring contributed much to the optimization of the regional cement industry structure and the development of business. So the paper selected KunGangJiaHua company as the research object, which was the subsidiary of YunNanKunGang Cement Building materials Co., LTD. The writer modeled the measure of gray multilevel integration (AHP-GRAP model) with the combination of analytic hierarchy process and Grey Relation Analysis. In addition, empirical evidence was also analyzed by using the data. The contributions of restructuring were well-evaluated. The value of evaluation showed that the evaluation value was increasing. The benefit of restructuring was rising year by year.


ABSTRACT This paper presents flow boiling experimental results concerning the transient behavior of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of a hotspot region undergoing through dynamic heat flux variations. The experimental data were obtained for R134a flowing inside a horizontal 1.1-mm internal diameter stainless-steel tube at a saturation temperature of 31°C, mass velocities of 400 and 600 kg m−2 s−1, local vapor quality of 8 and 40% and time-averaged heat flux of 80 and 120 kW m−2. The hotspot region undergoes over-sinusoidal, square, and sawtooth heat pulsation at frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz and half amplitudes of 20 and 40 kW m−2. A fast response type-K thermocouple of 13-µm wire diameter was used to capture the wall temperature fluctuations during the tests. Parametric analyses are performed and the effects of heat pulses severity, waveform, frequency, and amplitude on the local HTC and wall superheat temperature are assessed. Also, the influences of mass velocity and vapor quality on the transient behavior of the HTC are analyzed.


One of the valuable directions in feature based SLAM is to parameterize and estimate features accurately. In the real world, closed shape features are especially common. It is necessary to study the feature based SLAM problem on closed shape features. The main contribution of this letter is a 2D laser SLAM approach with Fourier series based feature parameterization and submap joining. In this letter, the Fourier series are introduced to parameterize irregular closed shape features and the SLAM problem with Fourier series feature parameterization is formulated. A submap joining process is also derived in order to reduce the high dependence on precise initial guess and the computing time. The proposed method has been evaluated on both synthetic and actual data and is able to obtain accurate trajectory and feature boundaries. The practical experiment also shows that our method surpasses Cartographer under certain scenarios. We also show that our method has the ability to be applied to the general environment.


Immobilization of dithizone onto biopolymer chitin isolated from prawn seawater shells (P. merguensis) to enhance the selectivity and ability of chitin in adsorbing heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has been conducted. The study includes isolation of chitin from the prawn seawater, immobilization of dithizone onto chitin and adsorption of Cd(II) ions. Several parameters influencing immobilization as well as Cd(II) adsorption were optimized. Results of the study showed that high purity chitin polymer can be isolated from the prawn seawater shells (P. merguensis). The best immobilization conditions of dithizone onto chitin are achieved when the reaction is carried out for 6 h at 70 o C in toluene medium. In general, the ability of chitin polymer in adsorbing Cd(II) ion increases after immobilization of dithizone onto chitin. The optimum conditions for Cd(II) adsorption are at pH 6 for chitin-dithizone and pH 7 for chitin using 0.3 g of adsorbent.


Objective To study the application value of growth hormone in the renewal cycle for those patients who were failed in the first IVE-ET treatment.Methods 68 patients who were failed in the previous IVE-ET treatment were divided into two groups and were given long term down-regulating protocol in the first cycle and current cycle.The study group consisted of cases with using GH (4U/d)from the day of down-regulating till the day before embryo transfer and control group consisted of those without using GH.Results The rate of pregnancy of study group and control group was 26.77% and 0, while the rate of quality embryos was 46.26% and 33.58%, respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups( X2 = 3.97,4.86, P 0.05 ).Conclusion In the second cycle,growth hormone could improve the clinical pregnancy rate and the rate of quality embryos for those patients who were failed in the first IVE-ET treatment.

Key words:
IVF-ET Growth;  Hormone


This article illustrates two conceptual and methodological problems that interfere with the accurate identification and measurement of religious mobilization in global civil society. First, data used to study the organizational composition of global culture contain a selection bias that favors organizations within an elite stratum of the world polity, to the neglect of organizations in the lower strata, where religious mobilization is likely to be more prevalent. Second, religious mobilization is measured as if religion were a distinct sector of social life, not allowing for any overlap with other sectors. Through a comparison of data sources and methods, this article illustrates both the selection bias and prevalence of religious mobilization in human rights, an arena that is often assumed to be secular.


This paper presents a technique for designing linear and quadratic interpolators for function approximation using truncated multipliers and squarers. Initial coefficient values are found using a Chebyshev-series approximation and then adjusted through exhaustive simulation to minimize the maximum absolute error of the interpolator output. This technique is suitable for any function and any precision up to 24 bits (IEEE single precision). Designs for linear and quadratic interpolators that implement the 1/x, 1/ √ x, log2(1+2x), log2(x) and 2x functions are presented and analyzed as examples. Results show that a proposed 24-bit interpolator computing 1/x with a design specification of ±1 unit in the last place of the product (ulp) error uses 16.4% less area and 15.3% less power than a comparable standard interpolator with the same error specification. Sixteen-bit linear interpolators for other functions are shown to use up to 17.3% less area and 12.1% less power, and 16-bit quadratic interpolators are shown to use up to 25.8% less area and 24.7% less power.


The issue of securing housing for each member of a society as well as the quality of its construction are among the key challenges faced by every society as a whole, but also by every political system. Housing was one of the main social and political issues during the socialist period in Croatia. In urban areas, the goal was to create an all-encompassing housing policy that would be implemented via master plans and urban planning programmes. This problem was worked on continuously by the Urban Planning Institute of Zagreb City and its legal predecessors, primarily through urban planning proposals and plans published in 1949, 1953, 1965, 1971, and 1986. The research presented here is based on the master plans of Zagreb (regulatory bases), one urban development programme, and two urban development proposals: Vlado Antolic, 'Regulacioni plan i direktivna regulaciona osnova Zagreba' [Regulatory Plan and Directive Regulatory Basis of Zagreb], Arhitektura (1949); Zagreb: direktivna regulatorna osnova Zavoda za urbanizam NOGZ 1953. [Zagreb: Directive Regulatory Basis of the Zagreb City People's Committee Urban Planning Institute, 1953] (1953); Urbanisticki program grada Zagreba: smjernice za razvoj [Urban Planning Programme of the City of Zagreb: Development Guidelines] (1965); Generalni urbanisticki plan grada Zagreba: elaborat [Zagreb City Master Plan: Report] (1970); Generalni urbanisticki plan grada Zagreba: sažetak [Zagreb City Master Plan: Summary] (1985). This paper attempts to determine which systemic solutions were anticipated, what were the projections of the city's development and population trends, and how the urban planning proposals and plans were implemented.


This paper summarizes the current situation and characteristics of the economic and social development of the Qinba Mountain Area, and proposes that it is necessary to establish an overall strategic goal for the development of modern industries under strong ecological conditions of this region. It also probes into a coordinated and sustainable development mode between ecology and industry, and indicates the urgency, necessity, and feasibility for developing the strategic emerging and high-growth green industries in this region. Furthermore, a spatial pattern of "one circle, multiple axes, one network, and two regions" as well as a dynamic mode of "two-way gradient development and coordination between ecology and industry" are studied; an industrial development evaluation system comprising evaluation indicators, industrial type screening, and technology assessment is proposed; industrial distribution principles, the industrial layout of regional collaboration clusters around the Qinba Mountain Area, and the industrial correlation effects are expounded. Moreover, some suggestions are proposed, including developing a green economy, establishing a cross-regional cooperation mechanism, providing talents for the development, increasing the input of green capitals, actively combining the green industry with rural revitalization, cultivating social enterprises and institutional entrepreneurs, and exerting the role of the market 收稿日期:2019-10-15;修回日期:2020-01-09 通讯作者:刘炯天,中国工程院院士,郑州大学校长、教授,主要研究方向为矿物加工;E-mail: email@example.com 资助项目:中国工程院咨询项目"秦巴山脉绿色循环发展战略研究(二期)"(2017-ZD-02) 本刊网址:www.engineering.org.cn/ch/journal/sscae DOI 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.014


The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold Fiona Hill and Clifford Gaddy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003. 240 pp. $18.95 paperback.At a first glance, the title of The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold by Fiona Hill and Clifford Gaddy, and the drab and desolate photo on the cover, bring forth two of the most stereotypical adjectives related to Russia: "big" and "cold." Despite that initial impression, the authors' approach to Russia's geographical features, both in historical and economic terms, is original and well researched. Although recent literature on productivity and economic growth normally treats geography as the only exogenous variable, Hill and Gaddy argue that the allocation of human and physical capital across Russia was not an accident of nature's making. Indeed, Soviet central planners made policy choices that exacerbated the country's adverse geographical and climatic conditions.Hill and Gaddy draw on a variety of sources to support their thesis that productive resources were misallocated in Soviet Russia. To compare Russia's "cold" to other northern countries, the authors develop a statistic that should be useful for future research in this area. "Temperature per capita" (or TPC) is a populationweighted measure of mean January temperatures in different regions and in Russia as a whole. Since Canadian and Scandinavian populations are concentrated in regions with milder climates, Russia has the lowest TPC in the world. But is cold temperature really a curse? The authors contend that it is a major impediment to productivity, both of equipment and labor. In an attempt to quantify the "cost of the cold," Hill and Gaddy refer to cold engineering research examining the effects of cold temperatures on workers' performance of different activities and provide bone-chilling accounts of machinery malfunctions as temperatures drop. Aside from production costs, people living in cold climes and the governments providing for them have to undertake adaptation costs in the form of heating, insulation of buildings, maintenance of infrastructure, and so on.After convincing the reader that the Russian winter is not merely a romantic concept glorified by the poets and feared by foreign armies, Siberian Curse traces the geographic history of the country to explain why millions of Russians ended up living in cities like Novosibirsk and Khabarovsk. Even before the Bolsheviks took power in 1917, Siberia was the destination for farmers looking for fertile soils and for prisoners banished from the European part of Russia. However, it was only during the Soviet period that a state-enforced, systematic, and perverse version of manifest destiny was implemented regarding Siberia. One interesting point made by the authors is that the forced-labor camp system (GULAG) was not the product of an overzealous ideological spirit, but a calculated solution to the shortage of voluntary labor faced by Communist central planners. To follow the writings of Friedrich Engels and spread production equally across the country's space, labor and capital had to be reallocated from the center to the regions, and forced labor was less expensive to move. According to Hall and Gaddy, the GULAG contributed the most to the spatial misallocation of resources within Russia. However, the ideology of developing Siberia was not abandoned with the demise of Stalin and forced labor camps. Various incentive schemes, financial as well as ideological, were adopted by Stalin's successors and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union. …


: Implementation of high-ratio biodiesel blends up to 30% (B30) serves as a proactive measure in anticipating of the diminishing availability of the fossil energy availability, decarbonizing the heavy-duty vehicle sector and to improve environmental quality. However, the implementation of B30 still causes problems, particularly concerning fuel filters, which have prompted complaints from users in non-automotive industries such as mining or marine sectors. Several users have reported instances of temporary filter blockages or damage to engine components. In anticipation of this issue, the implementation of an appropriate filtration system design has been proposed, comprising a 30-µm pre-filter water separator, a middle filter, and a post-filter. The efficiency test was carried out by passing the test fuels through a filter paper with pore size proportional to those of the proposed filter. This test was performed using a standardized rig following the ASTM D2068-10 protocol, maintaining an ambient temperature of approximately 29°C. The differential pressure (differential pressure) across the filter tested was recorded before and after passing through the test filter paper, and a filtration efficiency was calculated, based on the captured contaminants on the filter paper. The findings show that the implementation of three-level filtration systems successfully improved the ISO-cleanliness levels of the tested B30 fuel from 19/17/12 to 16/14/10, aligning with the specification outlined in the worldwide fuel charter. Based on this study, it can be concluded that utilization of three-level filtration system has significant potential for increasing the filter lifespan and mileage of B30 fuel.


In consideration of bare optical fiber being fragility, the steel capillary encapsulating technique for FBG sensor was developed in this study, and then the temperature and strain sensing properties of the encapsulated FBG sensor were experimentally studied on material test system and under hot water, respectively. The comparison of the experimental results between encapsulated fiber and bare fiber indicated that the strain sensing properties of the encapsulated FBG sensor are nearly the same as that of bare FBG, however, the temperature sensing ability of encapsulated FBG sensor is improved and the sensitivity coefficient is 2.5 times as much as that of bare FBG. The strain and temperature sensing precisions of the encapsulated FBG are 1 μe and 0.05℃, respectively. The encapsulated FBG is proper for application in civil engineering.


Utilizing the data observed at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University(SACOL),characteristics of land surface radiation and energy budget over the Loess Plateau of central Gansu in summer are analyzed in this paper.By studying the impacts of different weather conditions on micrometeorological characteristics,the asymmetric structure of diurnal variation of surface albedo appears in the morning of sunny days with larger albedo values.The surface energy budget on a sunny day has a larger amount of imbalance,compared with that on a cloudy day.Besides,the shower on an obscure day can also lead to large energy imbalance.The unclosure of energy balance obtained by using OLS(Ordinary Least Squares) linear regression method is 19.6%.In the semi-arid area,the clouds and the precipitation cause about 25% disturbances to each component of energy balance.Weakening impact of clouds and precipitation on surface energy budget is apparent and much stronger than Dunhuang Gobi.Furthermore,it shows that the mean climatic characteristics in summer relatively close to those of cloudy days with more clouds(5≤Mean total cloud amount 8).Moreover,the maximum daily average Bowen ratio in July reaches 4.1 and the monthly mean value is 1.95.The Bowen ratio in Yuzhong is much smaller than that in Dunhuang Gobi,which indicates the semi-arid area is more humid than the extreme arid area.


In the phase 3 True North (TN) study, ozanimod (OZA) 0.92 mg once daily showed efficacy and safety for up to 52 weeks in patients (pts) with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis, and is approved for adults in the EU, US, and other countries for this indication. This analysis (data cutoff: 10 January 2022) evaluated the impact of prior biologic exposure on the long-term durability of response in pts who experienced disease relapse while on placebo (PBO) during the TN maintenance period (MP) and then recaptured response to OZA during the TN open-label extension (OLE).

 Responders to OZA 10-week induction therapy who were biologic-naive or exposed to prior biologics at baseline were rerandomised 1:1 to OZA (n=230) or PBO (n=227) during the TN MP. Pts who relapsed while on PBO subsequently entered the OLE and reinitiated open-label OZA in this interim OLE analysis. Symptomatic, clinical, endoscopic, and histologic endpoints were evaluated by observed case (OC) and nonresponder imputation (NRI) analyses.

 This analysis included 38 biologic-naive and 38 biologic-exposed pts who entered the OLE after disease relapse on PBO (median time to relapse, 13.1 and 11.2 weeks, respectively). Symptomatic clinical response based on NRI was achieved by 26/38 (68.4%) of biologic-naive and 20/38 (52.6%) of biologic-exposed pts 5 weeks after restarting OZA in the OLE. Symptomatic clinical response by OC analysis at OLE Week 5 was achieved in 72.2% (26/36) and 55.6% (20/36) of biologic-naive and -exposed pts, respectively. Although a greater proportion of biologic-naive vs -exposed pts completed OLE Week 94 (65.8% vs 39.5%), OC rates of symptomatic clinical response at OLE Week 94 were similar (biologic-naive: 95.0% [19/20] vs biologic-exposed: 100.0% [13/13]). Key clinical, endoscopic, and histologic endpoints are shown in Fig 1. Durability of response between OLE Weeks 46 and 94 was similar in biologic-naive (40%–56%) vs -exposed pts (50%–67%) but varied depending on endpoints (NRI analysis). Reductions in mean [SD] total Mayo score were similar and sustained through OLE Week 94 in biologic-naive and -exposed pts (OLE Week 0: 8.9 [1.8] and 9.3 [1.6], respectively; OLE Week 46: 2.3 [1.7] and 4.2 [2.6], respectively; OLE Week 94: 2.6 [2.0] and 2.6 [1.4], respectively) (Fig 2).

 In pts who lost clinical response after OZA treatment withdrawal, symptomatic clinical response was recaptured within 5 weeks of OZA reinitiation in the majority of pts, and clinical benefit was maintained for up to 94 weeks (extent of current analysis) in biologic-naive and -exposed pts. This suggests that in clinical practice, pts who experience a disease relapse after temporarily holding OZA may benefit from resumption of OZA.


Immediately after the 1984 Yamasaki fault earthquake of M=5.6, remarkable postseismic deformation, represented by an exponential function, was observed at Ikuno in the northwestern part of the Kinki district, southwest Japan. The exceptional amounts of both strain and tilt changes suggest that the local conditions of the observation site played an important role in disarranging and amplifying local strain fields. The postseismic deformation at Ikuno can be explained as an elastic deformation caused by a large pressure decrease at a disturbing source with a thrust-type pressure distribution. It can be thought of as a characteristic phenomenon occurring under the peculiar conditions in which the observations have been carried out at a closed mine that has now been fully filled up with underground water to a depth of about 1, 000 m. The disturbing source was probably caused by the diffusion of underground water, which has a high hydraulic pressure due to the high water-level in the mine. We think that the movements of underground water sometimes have an important effect on the local ground deformation in the period immediately after an earthquake.


Article history: Received 7 April 2021 Accepted 18 May 2021 Published 31 May 2021 Indonesia is a country that has enormous market potential in terms of the halal food industry. The government has been attracting foreign food manufacturers to venture into the country's market; this includes snacks from Taiwan, one of them being Shihlin Taiwan Street Snacks. The public has been highly critical of Shihlin's food products of late due to doubts about its halal status and compliance with halal standards in manufacturing and supply chain activities. The company responded to the public's concern by obtaining the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) halal certification, increasing prices and affecting consumers' willingness to pay. In the form of a case study, this research aims to analyse the factors that influence Muslim consumers' willingness to pay for Taiwanese snacks in Indonesia, specifically Shihlin Taiwan Street Snacks. A total of 326 Indonesian Muslims took part in our survey, which data was analysed using SmartPLS. The study results revealed that animal slaughter, halal logos, price consciousness, food quality, and religious commitment positively influence Muslim consumers' willingness to pay for the snacks. The findings can benefit halal food companies in formulating strategies to guarantee consistent compliance of the halal standards in the manufacturing processes. Besides, we urge halal food regulators to provide better clarity in developing the halal and tayyib food criteria to earn better trust and confidence from Muslim consumers.


The purpose of this study is to identify the priorities with respect to the specialization plan in the regional tourism development business. As a theoretical research, this study reviews the domain of the specialization plan, the segmentation of the development pattern, and the assessment system in the regional tourism development business. The data used in this thesis is collected from tourism development specialists. Through a preliminary investigation 220 lists of questions were distributed from May 13, 2008 to July 16, 2008 and from among them 91 lists were used. Expert Choice 11.5 was used to do pairwise comparisons and priorities assessment. Based upon the results of empirical analysis, the priority order sets of the specialization plan in the regional tourism development business should be related to the experience in tourism development, tourism attractions development, event tourism development, and shopping tourism development. The priority order sets of experience in tourism development should be related to the cultural experience, natural experience, sports experience, and industry experience. The priority order sets of tourism attractions development should be related to cultural heritage sites, famous site, natural sight site, drama set. The priority order sets of event tourism development should be related to cultural festivals, sports events, expositions, and exhibitions. The priority order sets of shopping tourism development should be related to traditional foods, local produce, traditional markets shopping, and industrial products.


Flexible gas sensors capable of working at room temperature are in great demand for the Internet-of-things (IoT) revolution. Although molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising material for NO2 gas...


The paper considers methods for monitoring the workload of resources of a high-performance complex when setting computational problems of materials science in a common execution queue. Since materials science algorithms can be effectively run in parallel and are demanding on computing resources, there is a need to use supercomputer systems. However, inefficient use of resources significantly increases the estimated time of tasks. We propose to implement a monitoring system for subsequent analysis of allocated computing resources.


Recent evidence has shown that structural models fail to capture interest rate sensitivities of corporate debt. We consider a structural model that incorporates a three-factor dynamic term structure model (DTSM) into the Merton (1974) model. We show that the proposed model largely captures the interest rate exposure of corporate bonds. We also find that for investment-grade bonds, hedging effectiveness substantially improves under the proposed model. Our results indicate that to better capture and hedge the interest rate exposure of corporate bonds, we need to incorporate a more realistic DTSM in the existing structural models.


Sendust ribbons, about 20μm thick, 5.5∼6.5 mm wide and several meters long are made by a rapid quenching method. Ribbons obtained are so mechanically flexible that it is possible to wind them easily around a lod of 10 mm in diameter. The DC hysteresis loss changes with a flux density approximately as (B)1.8. The iron loss increases with frequency as (f)^{1.4\sim1.5} and with flux density as (B)1.9. The eddy current loss increases with frequency as (f)^{1.5\sim1.6} and with flux density as (B)^{1.9\sim2.0} . The iron loss is lower than 19 × 105W/m3in the composition range around 9.5% Si and 5.6∼6.2% Al at the frequency of 100 kHz and at the flux density of 400 mT.


This chapter presents Document 34, which deals with the 'ahdname sent by Khan Ghazi II Giray to King Sigismund III and his subjects. The letter here insists that if King Sigismund does not expel his cossacks from the Dnieper river, and does not restrain and hold them, then there will be no friendship, affection, peace, or companionship among the subjects, and the King will be also shamed by His Excellency, the sovereign, the illustrious padishah.Keywords: Dnieper river; Khan Ghazi II Giray; King Sigismund III


Objective:To observe the influences of functions of chemokine receptor 9(CCR9) on leukemia patients,we analyzed 38 typical T cell lymphocytic leukemia cases.Methods:The functions of T ALL and T CLL CD4+T cells towards TECK/CCL25 were determined by chemotaxis assay and adhesion assay.Results:Almost in all of the T ALL patients,TECK/CCL25(a ligand for CCR9)could induce a high chemotactic migration of T ALL CD4+ cells as well as a high adhesion.Conclusion:It indicates that CCR9 and its ligands may promote survival or proliferation of T ALL cells. [


Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) of X-irradiated aqueous acidic glasses (5.3 M H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, 7.2 to 14.7 M H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/) was used to study the base ..pi.. cations of the nucleic acid constituents uracil (U), thymine (T), and the range of 5-halogen-substituted uracils (FU, ClU, BU, IU) as well as their nucleoside derivatives and to follow their secondary reactions. High solute concentrations (> 50 mM) and the presence of electron scavengers (100 to 200 mM Na/sub 2/S/sub 2/O/sub 8/ or H/sub 2/O/sub 2/) were found to favor the cation formation and stabilization and to suppress the formation and stabilization and to suppress the formation of other solute radicals. The generation of the base cations is shown to result from transfer of a (possibly) excited solvent hole to the pyrimidine base during X irradiation at 77/sup 0/K and from attack of the trapped solvent hole (SO/sub 4//sup -/. or HPO/sub 4//sup -/.) after thermal activation at elevated temperatures (145 to 165/sup 0/K). The fate of the base cations is either deprotonation at N/sub 1/ as in most of the free bases or addition of OH/sup -/ to carbon C/sub 6/ in the nucleosides where the deoxyribose moiety prevents themore » deprotonation. This hydroxylation is suppressed in a water-deficient system (e.g., 14.7 M H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/) but very efficient in 5.3 M H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/. The structures of both the primary and secondary radicals are confirmed in most cases by a complete simulation of the experimental ESR powder spectra. The ESR parameters obtained display a strong influence of the 5 substituent, e.g., the halogens, on the spin density distribution in the radicals. Characteristic for ..pi.. orbital ranging from 8% in FU to 40% in IU. Moreover, the amount of water in the environment exerts a considerable influence on the halogen spin densities in the charged cation.« less


Gap mode Raman spectroscopy, which exploits a coupling of electrical dipoles in metal nanoparticles with their image dipoles induced in the neighboring substrates, was successfully coupled with a propagating surface plasmon (PSP) under attenuated total reflection (ATR) geometry. We obtained sufficiently large (107–109) enhancement factors for Raman scattering intensity from a thiophenol (TP) monolayer sandwiched by Ag films on prism and AgNPs under ATR geometry, which are significantly larger by a factor of 10–100 than those obtained under external geometry. Furthermore, much larger enhancement factors were obtained for smaller surface coverage of AgNPs owing to efficient excitation of a PSP.


Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy, which develops in the bone marrow and frequently leads to severe bone destruction. Current antiresorptive therapies to treat the bone disease do little to repair damaged bone; therefore, new treatment strategies incorporating bone anabolic therapies are urgently required. We hypothesized that combination therapy using the standard of care antiresorptive zoledronic acid (Zol) with a bone anabolic (anti-TGF(cid:533)/1D11) would be more effect ive at treating myeloma-induced bone disease than Zol therapy alone. JJN3 myeloma-bearing mice (n=8/group) treated with combined Zol and 1D11 resulted in a 48% increase (p ≤0.001) in BV/TV compared to Zol alone and a 65% increase (p ≤0.0001) compared to 1D11 alone. Our most significant finding was the substantial repair of U266-induced osteolytic bone lesions with combination therapy (n=8/group), which resulted in a significant reduction in lesion area compared to vehicle (p ≤0.01) or Zol alone (p ≤0.01). These results demonstrate that combined antiresorptive and bone anabolic therapy is significantly more effective at preventing myeloma-induced bone disease than Zol alone. Furthermore, we demonstrate that combined therapy is able to repair established myelomatous bone lesions. This is a highly translational strategy which could significantly improve bone outcomes and quality of life for patients with myeloma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved al. Intratibial injection of human multiple myeloma cells in NOD/SCID IL-2Rgamma(null) mice mimics human myeloma and serves as a valuable tool for the development of anticancer strategies.


Based on real-world situations, this text covers specific problems faced by administrators and the tools needed to solve them. Structured around three basic areas: user security, user customization, and the auditing of system resources, the book presents realistic examples, offers solutions, and features many useful Perl scripts to help administrators manage and automate tasks.


Molecular mechanisms of HIV infection (1.1) 10:30 – 10:45 Sarah Erickson-‐Bhatt In vivo intra-‐operative breast tumor margin detection using a portable OCT system with a handheld surgical imaging probe (1.2) 10:45 – 11:00 Sheng Xu Hard-‐soft integrated multifunctional devices for mobile healthcare systems (1.3) 11:00 – 11:15 Venkatraman Srinivasan Fewer not more leaves-‐ Key to obtaining the needed jump in crop yield potential (1.4) 11:15 – 11:30 Craig Yendrek Exploiting inter-‐specific variation to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops (1.5) 11:45 – 12:00 Mostafa Elag Data network (2.1) 12:00 – 12:15 Catello Di Martino Lessons learned from the failure analysis of Blue Waters (2.2) 12:15 – 12:30 Robin Berthier Challenges and solutions for a resilient power grid (2.3) 12:30 – 12:45 Yukako Komaki Analyses of cell cycle alteration induced by haloacetonitriles: Toxicity of drinking water disinfection by-‐products (2.4)


ABSTRACT Crotalaria juncea is used as plant cover in grape vineyards in Brazil, which usually present soils with high copper (Cu) levels due to the application of Cu-based phyto-sanitary products. Under this condition an increase growth and cover of C. juncea is needed to improve the phytoremediation processes in those soils. Some alternatives to achieve this condition is the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which has demonstrated an important increase of plant growth in Cu-contaminated soils at different soil [...]


The article analyzes the main barriers to the social integration of older people. The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by the existing need to address many issues related to the increase in the proportion of older people, which leads to the transformation of the socio-demographic structure. It should also be taken into account that today old age is not only physiology, but also a combination of psychological, social, socio-cultural and other factors. However, not all of them have a positive effect on the social integration of older people. The problem of social exclusion after retirement comes to the fore, the search for the meaning of one's existence is more acute, there is a feeling of uselessness by society, which leads to depression and loneliness. In addition, there is the problem of society's perception of the elderly person himself. Often he is not positioned as an equal participant, as a social unit, and his social potential is not used. To eliminate these problems, it is necessary to understand the process of social integration, namely, what social barriers prevent positive changes in the life of an elderly person, exclude the possibility of benefiting society and being an active participant in it. Based on sociological surveys, it was revealed that socio-psychological (depression, loneliness, misunderstanding with relatives, etc.) have a greater influence on social integration; socio-economic (the level of material income; exposure to fluctuations in the market economy; the impact of external adverse factors; shortcomings in the pension system; lack of preferences from the state, lack of work in rural areas, etc.); labor (reduction of pensioners in the workplace; poor organization of the system of pre- and retirement employment); social and medical (unavailability of medical care and its low quality, understaffing of polyclinics and hospitals with the necessary specialists, constant increase in prices for medical services and medicines, etc.); socio-cultural (a small number of non-profit public organizations for the elderly, poor organization of leisure, etc.); ageist stereotypes (negative experience of communication with the elderly, self-stereotyping, estimation of values in society, etc.).


In hydraulic systems, the property of hydraulic oil transferred power will change accordingly when the temperature and the pressure of the hydraulic oil and the air bubbles dissolved or mixed into it change. Therefore, the performance of the hydraulic systems will change. In order to design the hydraulic system which is responsive quickly, running steady and efficient the property of the hydraulic oil is studied in this paper. The mathematical model of the hydraulic oil will be constructed. This model will provide base for study of simulation of the hydraulic system.


Objective:To determine the optimum extraction of flavone from Persimmon leaves.Method: The effects of extraction time and frequency,solid to liquid ratio,level of alcohol on the extraction rate of flavone was investigated with Rutosids,Meletin,Hyperoside as index;the optimum extraction of flavone from Persimmon leaves was determined by orthogonal experiment.Result: The optimum flavone from Persimmon leaves were: the extraction time was 1 h,the level of alcohol was 70%,solid to liquid ratio(g·mL)was 1∶ 8,and it was extracted two times.Conclusion: The optimum extraction process is achieved,suitable for industrialization.


In this paper, the design and the implementation of the adaptive learning rate neural network controller for an articulate robot, which is being developed (or) has been developed in our Automatic Control Laboratory, are mainly discussed. The controller reduces software computational load via distributed processing method using multiple CPU's, and simplifies hardware structures by the time-division control with TMS32OC31 DSP chip. Proposed neural network controller with adaptive learning rate structure using expert's heuristics can improve learning speed. The proposed controller verifies its superiority by comparing response characteristics of conventional controller with those of the proposed controller that are obtained from the experiments for the 5 axis vertical articulated robot. We, also, present the generalization property of proposed controller for unlearned trajectory and the change of load through experimental data.


Love Cultures and Hate Cultures Western Civilization as a Hate Culture: From the Greeks to the Middle Ages Western Civilization as a Hate Culture: From the Middle Ages to the Present Religious Images of Love Can Animals Love? The Child in the Family: Loving Comes from Being Loved Clinical Observations The Social Control of Love Theories of Love Love and the Analytic Ideal Implications for Psychotherapy Bibliography Author and Subject Indexes.


The CD6 has recently developed a powerful line of research on polarimetric imaging. This field covers several applications in which the addition of polarization properties enables to enhance the contrast in detection. Moreover, recent literature states the possibility of using polarization illumination and detection to improve the range detection in turbid media such as fog, dust or smoke. This paper addresses the optical engineering behind the detection of polarization imaging and sets the basis of using polarization as a tool in detecting through fog.


A power supply key structure defines a mounting member comprising a power switch mounting opening, there is mounted the power indicator holder, can be provided with light-transmitting and power insert marker pattern pressing member disposed in the mounting opening of the power switch includes a mounting portion mounted to the mounting member and projecting from the mounting portion and the switch portion relative to the mounting portion moves, the holding member includes a fixing portion fixed to the mounting member, the fixing portion extending from the and a resilient arm portion is connected to the reflective free end of the resilient arm, the reflecting concave portion is formed in a side surface of the reflective groove, with the other side surface opposite to the convex pressing portion of the switch pressing portion, the pressing member fixed to the and is the reflection portion reflecting groove, presses the pressing member, so that the reflecting portion is moved together with the pressing member, the resilient arm is elastically deformed by the pressing portion pressing the switch portion of the power indicator turned on, the power indicator light reflected by the reflective groove on the power supply to the marker pattern, indicating that power is on.


Introduction Independent molecules are expected to possess distinct three-dimensional structures. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that diverse biological molecules, particularly proteins, do not have entirely unrelated structural architectures, even when their functions are independent. It is apparent that the protein structural repertoire is generated from a finite number of structural modules which are used again and again in different contexts and combinations [Chothia and Finkelstein, 1990; Murzin and Chothia, 1992; Chavali et al., 2001]. Many such structural modules have been identified and many more might emerge [Efimov, 1997; Chavali et al., 1997]. Nevertheless, it is likely to be still a finite number. The structural redundancy associated with the protein architecture on one hand and the commonality in the nature of interactions defining specificity of recognition on the other, could lead to the failure in the specificity of molecular communication. Molecular mimicry, in essence, is a consequence of such a failure in the specificity of molecular recognition. In the physiological context, molecular mimicry is manifested in a variety of ways. The accidental structural resemblances between unrelated molecules can have functional implications [Baum et al., 1993]. Molecular mimicry also occurs by design in various regulatory mechanisms [Bode and Huber, 1992; Kobe and Deisenhofer, 1996]. It has implications in rational drug design as well [Beeley, 1994; Tian et al., 1998]. Focus of research in this laboratory, over past several years, has been to exploit x-ray crystallography along with biochemical approaches towards understanding the structural basis of molecular mimicry.