How to understand the connotation of the party's social work is an unavoidable and important problem to study the party's social work. The party's function,the party's aim and to guide practice are the standards to understand and define the connotation of the party's social work. In according to the standards of the understanding of the connotation of the party's social work,the party's social work is a working process,in accordance with the value concept of the party's social work,using a certain work method,facing to the society,servicing to the masses,thus achieving social cohesion and the identity of the masses.


This paper presents the details of research with the purpose of investigating the effects of an RNP-based reduction in separation standards in the Northern Pacific airspace. This is accomplished through the development of a simulation model which consists of three distinct modules. Factors such as weather, traffic volume, minimum separation standards, and individual aircraft characteristics are considered in simulating air traffic crossing the Pacific Oceanic Airspace. Various scenarios reflecting possible future system changes are simulated for comparison, and results and analysis are presented. It is concluded that both increasing the percent of traffic to which reduced separation standards are applied and decreasing the longitudinal separation standard result in improvements in several key performance measures.


Abstract This article uses the finite element analysis method to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the AC contactor, to study its dynamic switching operation mechanism, combining with the coil excitation current and suction, reaction curve, and the displacement of moving iron core, and to process speed curve of moving iron core from the current characteristics, time characteristics, and speed characteristics under different closing phase angle three aspects analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the AC contactor.


In the policy debate on the effectiveness of the Global Financial Safety Net, concerns have been raised that expectations of adverse effects of IMF programmes may deter countries from asking for an IMF programme when they need one, a form of 'IMF stigma'. We explore the existence of IMF financial market stigma using monthly data by estimating how and to which extent adverse market reactions to a programme materialise and how past experience with adverse market reactions affects subsequent IMF programme participation. Our results, derived with event history techniques and propensity score matching, indicate no role for 'IMF stigma' stemming from the fear of adverse market movements. Instead, we find evidence of 'IMF recidivism' driven by adverse selection and IMF conditionality. JEL Classification: E02, F32, F33, F34


Fiber-to-chip light couplers with inverse tapers based on augmented low index guiding platform are designed. We show that sub-decibel coupling losses for standard fibers with 10.4-micron mode field diameter (MFD) are possible. A smaller MFD can conceivably result in an even smaller coupling loss.


In order to ensure adequate education and training in a statistics-driven field, large sets of content-compliant training data (CCTD) are required. Within the context of practical orientation, such data sets should be as realistic as possible concerning the content in order to improve the learning experience. While there are different data generators for special use cases, the approaches mostly aim at evaluating the performance of database systems. Therefore, they focus on the structure but not on the content. Based on formulated requirements, this paper designs a possible approach for generating CCTD in the context of Big Data education. For this purpose, different Machine Learning algorithms could be utilized. In future work, specific models will be designed, implemented and evaluated.


Table of ContentsI. Introduction 314II. Geographical and Historical Background of the Caspian 315A. Geography 315B. History 3161. The pre-Soviet and Soviet periods: Tsarist Russia and the Bolshevik Revolution 3172. The post-Soviet period: a flurry of unilateral activity 319III. Existing Proposals: The Law of the Sea and Customary InternationalLaw 326IV. Solution: The United Nations Convention on the Law and NonNavigationalUses of International Watercourses 330A. Threshold Question of Applicability 330B. Core Provisions 333C. Applying the Watercourse Convention to the Caspian 336V. Conclusion 339I. IntroductionThe Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world, "approximately the same length as the Great Lakes of North America"1 and "approximately the size of Japan."2 It contains plentiful oil and natural gas reserves, something explorer Marco Polo highlighted 700 years ago when "he wrote of 'a fountain from which oil springs in great abundance.'"3 As of 2013, the Caspian Sea was estimated to contain 48 billion barrels of oil and 292 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.4 It is also of geopolitical import to the U.S., as the division of the Caspian's borders implicates Iran's and Russia's energy and political interests. Given the rich natural resources as well as the lack of any clear territorial delineation, the Caspian littoral states have long disputed ownership over certain offshore resources contained within the Sea. For example, the Wikileaks cables show that in November of 2009, the Iranian government moved its new Alborz-Iran oilrig towards territorial waters disputed between Azerbaijan and Iran.5 As such, establishing clear demarcations within the Caspian Sea is all the more imperative to ensure equitable access to offshore hydrocarbon resources as well as peaceful and cooperative resolution of conflicts and disputes that have arisen between the littoral states.So far, the academic literature has primarily focused on identifying the geographical status of the Caspian Sea and inferring the applicable legal regime based on that identification. However, as this Comment will demonstrate, this approach has largely been ineffective and too open-ended, thus unable to produce a clear and coherent result.6 Instead, this Comment will analyze the Caspian question through a different legal prism: the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (the Watercourse Convention). Section II will provide a brief geographical and historical background on the Caspian Sea, by charting the progression of the littoral states' respective positions and highlighting pertinent agreements and events. Section III will address the existing legal regimes that have been applied in the Caspian context, namely the law of the sea and customary international law governing lakes, and conclude that neither one is likely to solve the long-standing disagreements. Next, Section IV will argue that the Watercourse Convention provides a useful and easily applicable framework for resolving current and future territorial disputes in the Caspian, a mechanism that the present legal framework lacks. …


Moderate diastereoselectivity is observed in the reaction of cyclopentadiene with dimethyl maleate and optically active dimenthyl fumarate in LiClO 4 /diethyl ether. Moderate regioselectivity is also seen in the reaction of isoprene and methyl acrylate in the same medium. NMR experiments and MNDO calculations, in conjunction with published work on Li + in the gas phase, demonstrate that the strong, intrinsic Lewis acidity of Li + is moderated in ether by complexation to the solvent and the counterion


Energy Management System (EMS) is a compositive automatic system based on computers and used in power systems, which is generally applied in generating systems and transmitting systems for dispatching center in a great region's power network and in a provincial one.The composing,the basic functions and the (utility) for EMS software in the automatic dispatching system are presented and the application in Ji'an region's power network, for the device on TH2100 made by Tsinghua University, is introduced in the paper, which provides a reliable and scientific analyzing means for the power dispatching in a region's power network.


DATASET: Alpha version 2010, 2015 and 2010 estimates of numbers of people per pixel ('ppp') and people per hectare ('pph'), with national totals adjusted to match UN population division estimates (http://esa.un.org/wpp/) and remaining unadjusted.
REGION: Africa
SPATIAL RESOLUTION: 0.000833333 decimal degrees (approx 100m at the equator)
PROJECTION: Geographic, WGS84
UNITS: Estimated persons per grid square
MAPPING APPROACH: Random Forest
FORMAT: Geotiff (zipped using 7-zip (open access tool): www.7-zip.org)
FILENAMES: Example - VNM_ppp_v2b_2010_UNadj.tif = Vietnam (VNM) population per pixel (ppp) map for 2010 (popmap10) adjusted to match UN national estimates (UNadj), version 2b (v2b).
DATE OF PRODUCTION: October 2013

Also included: (i) Metadata html file, (ii) Google Earth file, (iii) Population datasets produced using original census year data


The objective of this study is to present an efficient and robust method of building roof reconstruction by fusing laser range data and aerial images through CSR (Construct-Shape-Refine) procedures. The algorithm starts by extracting 3D line features from laser range data by using the semi-automatic 3D line feature extraction engine. After 3D line features are extracted and regarded as input data for the CSR algorithm, then the procedures of building roof reconstruction are performed in the following algorithms of geometric inferences: (1) constructing the topological relationship of 3D line features that belong to the same building roof by using the special intersecting property of 3D line features projected onto plane; (2) shaping the initial building roof by means of adjusting the 3D line features, and compensating missing parts, if any, by the shortest path algorithm and reporting whether or not the investigated building roof is completed; (3) as a final stage, refining the building roof automatically or semi-automatically by integrating 2D line features observed from the images through geometric inference processes. The experiments show that the proposed CSR algorithm provides a workable platform for building roof reconstruction by fusing laser range data and aerial images. * Corresponding author.


Those who seek a middle way between junking copyright altogether on the one hand, and slavishly trying to enforce it on the other, often talk about what's called 'Creative Commons' licensing. Even large media organizations are starting to look at this innovative form of licensing. In fact the ABC has just launched a new online collaboration site called POOL, which gives contributors the option of using just such an arrangement.


It is a period of online exchanges, managing daily
installments through e-wallet for shopping, paying to merchant,
also to fulfill all the liquid cash requirement through wallet
money with no physical notes or currency involved for
transaction, wallet exchange help to web advancements. The cash
move and gross repayment is conceivable in only hardly any
seconds. The web innovations have been utilizing and still new
idea dependent on past encounters are currently coming into
exploration and confab. A lot of research papers for wallet
creation and inner cycle are accessible. Uncommonly, wallet
measure through various methodologies like BC (Bank Channel)
Wallet, RBI Wallet, Domestic Pay Service Wallet are principle
thought in this exploration work. The exchange cycle faces
numerous issues, these issues influence the backer, bank, client
regarding misfortune in business. Whereas the client is
additionally unsatisfied and unable to do finish wallet procedures.
This paper presents a recreation examination of the versatility on
simultaneous exchange handling over a combination of portable
and fixed exchanges, because of moderate organization
availability and down worker might be a similar exchange
prepared twofold because of which RBI rules infringement
happen and backer, client, bank, specialist all is grieved and
misfortune the real business. This paper execution normally
utilizes conflict location dependent on the Hidden label bases
exchange accommodation through which copying any exchange
is preposterous, it ensures that every exchange has prepared just a
solitary path under RBI rules or wallet terms.


The teaching skill training mode about physical students of local normal universities is discussed in this paper.The mode fully embodies "localism "and "grassroots".In the mode,teaching skill training is combined with imparting advanced education and teaching theories to students;lecturing skills training is combined with physics experiment teaching;microteaching is combined with case teaching;microcosmic training is combined macroscopic improving.Experience over the past few years has proved that the mode can make students have advanced educational notion and good teaching skill.


Three concepts for an unmanned, solar powered, cargo spacecraft for Mars support missions were investigated. These spacecraft are designed to carry a 50,000 kg payload from a low Earth orbit to a low Mars orbit. Each design uses a distinctly different propulsion system: A Solar Radiation Absorption (SRA) system, a Solar-Pumped Laser (SPL) system and a solar powered magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arc system. The SRA directly converts solar energy to thermal energy in the propellant through a novel process. In the SPL system, a pair of solar-pumped, multi-megawatt, CO2 lasers in sunsynchronous Earth orbit converts solar energy to laser energy. The MPD system used indium phosphide solar cells to convert sunlight to electricity, which powers the propulsion system. Various orbital transfer options are examined for these concepts. In the SRA system, the mother ship transfers the payload into a very high Earth orbit and a small auxiliary propulsion system boosts the payload into a Hohmann transfer to Mars. The SPL spacecraft and the SPL powered spacecraft return to Earth for subsequent missions. The MPD propelled spacecraft, however, remains at Mars as an orbiting space station. A patched conic approximation was used to determine a heliocentric interplanetary transfer orbit for the MPD more » propelled spacecraft. All three solar-powered spacecraft use an aerobrake procedure to place the payload into a low Mars parking orbit. The payload delivery times range from 160 days to 873 days (2.39 years). « less


This article comtined the practice of the projtct of Jiaojiang bridge and analyzed strand wire with high strength and low laxation,the anchorage system,the tentioned technice in the construction,and the principle of anchorage.At the same time,it presented the solution to fregrent failtures which effect performace of anchor.


We consider the problem of predicting missing observations and forecasting future values in incomplete multivariate time series data. We study three forecasting models: a dynamic multivariate autoregressive model, a multivariate local trend model and a Gaussian process model. To evaluate each of the models we analyse air temperature data collected by a network of weather sensors. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the models. Acknowledgements This work was undertaken as part of the ALADDIN (Autonomous Learning Agents for Decentralised Data and Information Systems) project and is jointly funded by a BAE Systems and EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Research Council) strategic partnership.


Environment is the main factor which influences the flow of the talents.The environment of starting an undertaking,the environment of work,the environment of scientific research,and the environment of living exert influences on it by various degrees.The improvement of talents' environment is helpful for stabling and attracting excellent talents and promote the competitive capacities of both the state and the enterprises.


Preferential orientation, pursuit, and capture by a predator have been proposed for the establishment of prey preference and prey switching; however, very little is known about which of these behaviors is actually involved in active prey selection. Based on laboratory arena experiments in which the proportions of two prey types were manipulated, I distinguished the specific foraging process underlying prey preference and prey switching in nymphs of the dragonfly Anax junius. Dragonfly nymphs showed a higher probability of pursuing the more abundant of two prey types than predicted from relative prey frequencies. An increased pursuit probability was correlated with an increased capture success on the abundant prey type. I hypothesize that prey selection in Anaxjunius nymphs results from a simple behavioral rule of thumb: "Continue to pursue only those prey types you have successfully captured in the immediate past."


Objectives Plasma free DNA is a promising new tumor biomarker, which may have applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Plasma free DNA was collected from 120 healthy controls and 116 patients with NSCLC before and after treatment. Results The mean plasma free DNA levels in 116 NSCLC patients (200.70 ± 88.54 ng/mL) were higher than those of 120 healthy controls (18.65 ± 6.30 ng/mL). Further analysis showed that the mean serum free DNA level in stage I/II NSCLC patients was 172.75 ± 72.87 ng/mL, significantly lower than that of stage III/IV patients (221.88 ± 93.86 ng/mL). Following surgery and effective chemotherapy, the plasma free DNA levels of NSCLC patients decreased significantly. Conclusions Through quantitation of plasma free DNA, this study established proof-of-concept for a highly sensitive and specific detection method, which can be used for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring in NSCLC patients.


Monosubstituted derivatives of pyrophosphoric acid activate the hydrolysis of magnesium pyrophosphate catalyzed by yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase by phosphorylating the carboxy group of the regulatory site of the enzyme. An activating action is exhibited by compounds present in the free form and not in the form of complexes with magnesium ions, but the latter are necessary for creating the reactive conformation of the protein. ATP and inorganic phosphate compete in the phosphorylation of inorganic pyrophosphatase, bu the phosphate acceptors in these cases are different amino acid residues of the enzyme. The mechanism of the regulation of the activity of pyrophosphatase under the action of monosubstituted derivatives of pyrophosphoric acid and phosphate is discussed.


This paper attempts to apply some of the insights gained in the study of Complexity Theory to the evolution of the APEC trade system. First a review of the history and description of complexity theory will lead to a description of the characteristics and behaviour of complex adaptive systems. It will be shown that trade in the Asia Pacific region exhibits similar behaviour. The paper concludes with a discussion of some policy implications of Complexity Theory for APEC, especially as applied to the current debate about bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral modes of trade liberalisation.


The dry seeds of Platanus acerifolia Willd.were irradiated by different doses of()~(60)Co γ-rays,and the effect of the radiation on M_1 were investigated.Results showed that the seed germination rate,emerged seedling rate and survival seedling rate of Platanus aceriflia Willd.decreased with dose increase at the dose of 50~400Gy,as well as the plant height,fresh weight and length of root.The radiation inhibited the seeding growth significantly.Compared with CK, the true leaf emerging time of samples irriadiated at 50~250Gy was late for 2, 5,9 and 14d,respectively.But the young seedlings of samples treated at 300~400Gy were severely twisted and abnormal,and gradually died after 15d.Based on the data of seeding rate and root growth,it is concluded that the semi-lethal radiation dose of Platanus acerifolia Willd.dry seed was 50Gy,and the suitable dose range for radiation breeding was 50 to 250Gy.


The transferred hyperfine fields (hff) at 4sp and 5sp solute atoms in Fe and the sp sites of the Heusler alloys have been calculated using a volume overlap model. The main difference between this and previous calculations is that the host wavefunction in the solid is represented by an orbital that is simulated from band calculations. The contributions from 2nn and 3nn atoms are also included. The calculated transferred hff values are compared to the hff contributions obtained by substracting the hff due to the host s conduction electron polarization from measured hff values. For the 4sp and 5sp impurities in Fe the calculated transferred hff contributions agree excellently with those obtained from the measured hff. The experimental data for sp impurities at the Z site of Heusler alloys is less complete than that for an Fe host, but again the calculated transferred hyperfine fields agree satisfactorily with those deduced from the measured values. Since for the Heusler alloys there are no arbitrary procedur...


BACKGROUND: The role of HbA1c level in cognition decline and depression in type 2 diabetic patients is reported in some studies. AIM: We evaluated the possible significant relationship between HbA1c level and cognition decline and depression in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 512 patients with a different HbA1c level and ages range. All subjects were administered a structured clinical interview. Cognitive functions and depressive disorders were assessed through the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) respectively. Chi-square test was used for relationships between variables. RESULTS: HbA1c mean in all patients was 7.58%. MMSE score mean in total was 27.28. 83.3% of patients had a depressive disorder, and 8.59% of patients had an MMSE score < 24. There was no significant relationship between HbA1c level and cognitive problems, but there was a significant relationship between recent memory declines with the level of HbA1c (P = 0.03). Also, there was no significant relationship between attention-deficit with HbA1c level. CONCLUSION: Our finding provides that even though there is no significant difference between HbA1c level and cognitive problems and depression, recent memory state in these patients are more affected than the normal population and these patients have a worse state of depressive disorders.


Introducing multiple luminescent centers into colloidal nanocrystals is an attractive way to impart new optical properties into this class of materials. Doping disparate ions into specific nanocrystals is often challenging, due to the preferential incorporation of one type of dopant. Here, we demonstrate the coexistence of europium dopants as divalent and trivalent ions in colloidal Ga2O3 nanocrystals, achieved by controlled in situ reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+. The two dopant species exhibit distinctly different steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, and their ratio can be modified via doping concentration, reaction temperature, or thermal treatment of as-synthesized NCs. The Eu2+ ions are proposed to be stabilized internally owing to the attractive interaction with oxygen vacancies, while Eu3+ dopants partly reside in the nanocrystal surface region. The relationship between the electronic structure of the native defects and the dopant centers is discussed in the context of the overall emission p...


The story of Moses and the anonymous servant of God mentioned in Q 18:65-82 has elicited much comment. Probably the most influential explanation of these verses is that offered by Arent Jan Wensinck, who claims that it is based on the Jewish legend of Rabbi Joshua b. Levi and Elijah. I will argue, rather, that the legend of Joshua and Elijah is derived from information found in the early commentaries on Q 18:65-82. Such examination highlights how the early commentaries on these verses used other late antique sources purposefully to perpetuate their own interpretive agenda.


The paper expounds that the buyers should realize the value of the repayment of the capital is counting with the compound interests during the process of loaning. In addition, the buyers should form a correct attitude towards the function of "economic levers". Furthermore, the paper puts forward a sound proposal for the sum and the way of the loan, time and the ways of the repayment.


Objective image quality evaluation is a challenging task, which aims to measure the quality of a given image automatically. According to the availability of the reference images, there are Full-Reference and No-Reference IQA tasks, respectively. Most deep learning approaches use regression from deep features extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks. For the FR task, another option is conducting a statistical comparison on deep features. For all these methods, non-local information is usually neglected. In addition, the relationship between FR and NR tasks is less explored. Motivated by the recent success of transformers in modeling contextual information, we propose a unified IQA framework that utilizes CNN backbone and transformer encoder to extract features. The proposed framework is compatible with both FR and NR modes and allows for a joint training scheme. Evaluation experiments on three standard IQA datasets, i.e., LIVE, CSIQ and TID2013, and KONIQ-10K, show that our proposed model can achieve state-of-the-art FR performance. In addition, comparable NR performance is achieved in extensive experiments, and the results show that the NR performance can be leveraged by the joint training scheme.


Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are adult stem cells that are slowly cycling and self‐renewing. The pool of SSCs generates very large numbers of male gametes throughout the life of the individual. SSCs can be cultured in vitro for long periods of time, and established SSC lines can be manipulated genetically. Upon transplantation into the testes of infertile mice, long‐term cultured mouse SSCs can differentiate into fertile spermatozoa, which can give rise to live offspring. Here, we show that the testicular soma of mice with a conditional knockout (conKO) in the X‐linked gene Tsc22d3 supports spermatogenesis and germline transmission from cultured mouse SSCs upon transplantation. Infertile males were produced by crossing homozygous Tsc22d3 floxed females with homozygous ROSA26‐Cre males. We obtained 96 live offspring from six long‐term cultured SSC lines with the aid of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. We advocate the further optimization of Tsc22d3‐conKO males as recipients for testis transplantation of SSC lines.


Abstract This study is a corpus-based examination of metaphors in the media coverage of the global financial crisis of 2008. Based on conceptual metaphor theory, it discusses how and why metaphors of living thing were used in the news reports, with a particular focus on the two negative emotions of fear and anxiety. The research started with the compilation of a 1-million-word corpus of news articles. With the use of the software suites Wmatrix 2.0 and WordSmith 5.0, metaphors directly conceptualizing the emotions of fear and anxiety were identified. The findings showed that these metaphors described various stages and intensities of negative emotions, and that they were tailored to increase the negative feelings of the readers, which in turn increased the news value of the articles for the newspaper. Various theoretical and lexicogrammatical implications have also arisen from the study.


A movable weir with an impurity filtering unit is provided to prevent the weir from being exposed to the impurities by containing the impurity filtering unit having a protective net. A movable weir(10) with an impurity filtering unit(400) includes a support frame(120) fixed at the bottom of the river; a bank(130) formed at the center of the support frame; an underwater weir body(100) installed with a water port(110) and a water gate(200) to control the storage volume by a water gate driving unit(300) opening/closing the water gate; a bar screen(410) formed by vertically or horizontally installing plural bars at the water port installed at regular intervals; and the impurity filtering unit having a protective net(420) fixed at the downstream surface of the support and the bank to cover the water gate and the water gate driving unit. A recessed groove is adjacent to the water port at the support frame of the downstream side of the underwater weir body. The water gate driving unit has at least one cylinder and a control unit operating the cylinder.


This article encourages the increased attention to issues of reception in rhetoric of science, according with the sentiment but not the argument of Paul, Charney, and Kendall's "Moving beyond the Moment." In particular, it offers two works as exemplary of the disciplinary maturity that has occasioned this focus on reception, Ceccarelli's monograph, Shaping Science with Rhetoric, and Harris's collection, Rhetoric and Incommensurability.


SOURCE CITATION
Danese S, Vermeire S, Zhou W, et al. Upadacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from three phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trials. Lancet. 2022;399:2113-28. 35644166.


This paper explains and illustrates the meaning of luminance modulation (aka Michelson contrast) of visual display screens as basis for the perception of presented visual information and as basis for objective visual performance evaluation and rating of display screens according to the 2016 IDMS updates.


Objective To investigate the regulating and protecting effect of medicated leaven on intestinal flora imbalance.Methods The mice were gastrogaven with Dahuang for eight days to make into the pathologic model of intestinal flora.They were divided into five groups:normal control group,natural recovery group,Lizhuchangle group,leaven of Tongrentang with different factors,we culture content and clung in colon;We test various pathologic index of ileum tissue and we observe the liver and colon sample with microscope.Results There was no significant change comparing therapeutic groups with normal control group,and some difference with natural recovery group(P0.05);The level of superoxide dismutase(SOD),methl-di-aldehyde(MDA),xanthine oxidase(XOD),no of the therapeutic groups compared with that of normal control group was no difference,while there was discrepancy with natural recovery group(P0.05);There was no significant difference on the liver and colon with normal control group,and there was difference with natural recovery group.Conclusions Medicated leaven,a kind of Chinese material medicine,could regulate and protect animals who were in intestinal flora imba-lance.


PST stands for the Premium Sales Tool for Product Consulting is customized product catalog system. In other words, the product classification categories of for and to useful information for the maximization of an overall system. with mobility and flexibility of updating the solution to integrate mobile with mobile devices, high-performance high-resolutions era content data continuously, still is


It has been recently shown that the first bleeding onset in children with severe hemophilia A (HA) carrying prothrombotic risk factors is significantly later in life than in non-carriers.1 The present multicenter study was performed to determine whether the factor (F) V G1691A or the F II G20210A are associated with decreased annual bleeding episodes (ABE) in 106 pediatric PUP patients with severe HA (Intron 22 58.6%) consecutively admitted to German pediatric hemophilia treatment centers. Treatment was initiated according to the frequency of bleedings, and most patients received on demand therapy with a switch over to prophylactic therapy 3x/week (40–60 IU/kgKG factor VIIII concentrate) when more than three bleedings (range 2–6) had occurred into the same joint (n=49). Prospective median(range) patient follow-up was 14(4–35) years. Heterozygosity of the FV mutation was found in 8 subjects, homozygosity in one, and 5 children carried the FII mutation once combined with protein C-deficiency. Carriers of the FV and FII mutations had significantly fewer ABE than non-carriers (p=0.004). 66 of 106 PUP patients developed at least one target joint with a median(range) Pettersson score of 1(0–12) available in 57 patients clearly dependent on age (p=0.039) as well as ABE (p=0.037). The "Nuss" joint score available in 33 subjects highly correlated with the Pettersson score (p=0.007). Data presented here give evidence that the clinical expression of severe HA in children is influenced by the co-expression of the FV and FII mutation.


Teucrium Polium L. (TP) is widely used in traditional medicine of many countries including Iran. There are various reports about pharmacological properties of TP such as calcium antagonist, anti- ulcer, anti – diabetic. There are a few reports about possible toxicological effects of this plant. In the present study we designed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of Teucrium Polium total extract in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (40 males, 40 females) were divided into four dose groups (10 animals/dose/sex) and were gavaged daily with either 100, 300 or 600 mg/kg of the total extract for 44 days. Control group was received normal saline. Body weight and food consumption was monitored daily. After 45 days animal was sacrificed and hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as weight of left kidney and liver were measured. There was no significant difference in hematological parameters in both sexes as compared to their respective Controls. In biochemical parameters, a significant increase (p<0.05) was seen in both ALT and AST enzyme activities in female rats receiving 300 mg/kg TP. There was also a significant increase in liver weight of male rats receiving 600 mg/kg. No other significant changes in any other parameter were observed. Present data suggests that female rats are more sensitive to higher doses of TP and that liver could serve as a target organ toxicity of this extract.


Introduction. Worldwide literature reports a thyroid disease prevalence in type 1 diabetic patients ranging from 3.7 to 23.4% and the presence of antimycrosomal antibodies has been identified as a risk factor. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of thyroid disease in our type-1 diabetic papulation and the prevalence of antimycrosomal antibodies in this group. Material and methods. It was an observational, cross section study. We studied patients with type 1 diabetes who came to the endocrine department of the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez from February to September of 1998. All the patients were examined in search for goiter or any sign of thyroid disfunction. A thyroid profile and antimicrosomal antibodies were performed. Results were analized by t test, chi square, and predictive values by Bayesian analysis. Results. 108 patients were studied, 41 males and 67 females. We found 13.9% of the patients with goiter, 18.13% with thyroid disfunction (17 patients were hypothyroid and 3 patients had hyperthyroidism) and 6.48% tested positive for antimicrosomal antibodies . Euthyroid goiter was predominant (53.3%) followed by hypothyroid goiter (33.3%). Hypotiroidism was developed after the diagnosis of diabetes (2.76 ± 0.9 years), whereas hypertiroidism was concommitant (0.42 ± 0.45 years). We found low sensibility of antymicrosomal antibodies for prediction of thyroid disfunction (27%), but high specificity (97.7%), predictive positive value was 71% and predictive negative value 86%. Conclusions. There is a high frequency of goiter and thyroid disfunction among the patients with type 1 diabetes. We recommend a yearly thyroid function test in this group of patients.


The dismantling of America's manufacturing economy in the 1970s and 1980s left hundreds of beleaguered communities struggling to reclaim something viable from the detritus of an industrial age. Across the nation's Rust Belt, sharp workforce reductions and plant closings eroded the financial resources of local governments and families alike. Deindustrialization also saddled afflicted localities with the physical remains of industrial production: hulking factory carcasses, decaying rail spurs, and toxic waste dumps. Finding some constructive use for these brownfield sites emerged as one of the most pressing revitalization challenges of the 1990s. Postindustrial recovery proved particularly daunting for former manufacturing enclaves located on the metropolitan fringe—places like Camden, New Jersey; East St. Louis, Illinois; and Richmond, California. These locales had grown dependent on manufacturing for their sustenance and were among the most devastated by the withdrawal of corporate investment. Their spatial placement within host metropolises, however, endowed them with opportunities for economic redevelopment that more remote centers of industry lacked. This article explores one common but understudied redevelopment response: integration into regional networks of waste handling and disposal. In the final decades of the twentieth century, manufacturing suburbs adapted and expanded a robust infrastructure for moving and transforming materials to accommodate burgeoning volumes of postconsumer garbage and scrap.


The problem of existence of solutions of Cauchy-type problems for ordinary differential equations of fractional order in spaces of integrable functions was studied in numerous works [17, 27], a similar problem in spaces of continuous functions was studied in [28]. We can find numerous applications of differential equations of fractional order in viscoelasticity, electrochemistry, control, porous media, electromagnetic, etc. [9, 11, 12, 14, 21, 22]. There has been a significant development in ordinary and partial fractional differential equations in recent years; see the monographs of Kilbas et al. [19], Lakshmikantham et al. [20], Miller and Ross [23], Samko et al. [26], the papers of Abbas and Benchohra [1, 2], Agarwal et al. [3], Belarbi et al. [4], Benchohra et al. [5, 6, 7], Diethelm [9, 10], Kilbas and Marzan


Abstract The intertwining of economic crises and political violence has been an ongoing narrative for Northern Ireland over the past four decades. However, with the end of 'The Troubles' and the transition to what has been termed a 'post-conflict' society (i.e. one in which the violence has largely ceased but its legacy remains), what is an appropriate agenda for economic development? To this end, we consider the current context in Northern Ireland in terms of cohesion, diversity and inclusion, and the implications therein of present policies. The geography of creative individuals within Northern Ireland is reviewed, and found to be particularly polarized within Belfast. That the highest areas of present deprivation are typically found in those most affected by past conflict suggests failures of policy since the 'Good Friday' Agreement of 1998. If economic growth, tolerance and diversity are linked, then all stakeholders must address these issues. Northern Ireland should neither be seen as a 'normal' lagging region nor one into which a standard neo-liberal development agenda can be transplanted free of context. At present, social cohesion appears to be regarded as an outcome of economic prosperity rather than as a factor that might actually drive it.


This innovative practice full paper presents a Metaphorical Debugger Model (JAD) to support deaf and hearing impaired in the process of learning how to program in Java. In Brazil, 9.7 million people are deaf or hearing impaired (DHI). DHI people usually face several barriers to get proper education. During a series of Java classes conducted by our team, we verified that these difficulties were also related to the use of software that is not tailored for their impairment. We also saw that DHI students encountered many problems while developing and evolving their codes using the traditional tools, for instance, visual signs to perform tasks, can be difficult to understand, in addition, the high degree of abstraction required for the programming logic, can be an accessibility barrier for them. Thus, we decided to propose JAD aiming to provide accessible debugging for DHI. The JAD uses the concept of metaphorical interfaces, adopting appropriate symbols and signs borrowed from traffic to aid in the process of code debugging and evolution. In this paper, we present some user studies with JAD. The results suggest that Java programmers, DHI e non-DHI, had similar performance in task related to software evolution when JAD was used.


Ab initio perturbation-theory techniques, such as the generalized perturbation method and magnetic force theorem, are used to determine the Heisenberg exchange interaction parameters and the effect ...


its narrative — the points at which the text 'borrows' from itself. Chardonnens's choice of subject is well suited to Perceforest's encyclopaedic aesthetic. Perceforest is, as the author points out, the longest surviving medieval text in any language, a romance that undertakes to connect the Trojan War to King Arthur, referencing a dizzying array of sources, and incorporating historical figures from Alexander the Great to Joseph of Arimathea. Chardonnens displays an intimate knowledge of the text and its many intertexts, and her study provides an invaluable road map to the romance. In a useful general Introduction, Chardonnens reviews what is known of the romance: its composition, date, sources, and the current state of the scholarship. She then defines the four basic types of intertextuality that will structure her study: partial cryptic borrowing, partial similar borrowing, complete literal borrowing, and complete transformed (détourné) borrowing. In subsequent chapters, she examines each of these types in turn, beginning with Perceforest's sometimes cryptic references to other romance traditions — often no more than a familiar name encountered in an unfamiliar place — and culminating with the romance's sometimes extensive reworkings of its sources. These last often constitute sequences of many hundreds of pages, as when Perceforest incorporates a significantly changed retelling of the assassination of Julius Caesar. Through a painstaking and voluminous accumulation of evidence, Chardonnens demonstrates that, although the romance does include many pages of simply plagiarized text — notably, large passages of Geoffrey of Monmouth at its beginning and the Évangile de Nicodème at its end — Perceforest is far more than a collage of stolen sources. Rather, it is a work that aspires to 'self-sufficiency' (p. 500), radically transforming the salient moments of an entire tradition of history and romance and making of them a massive whole. In the last third of her study, Chardonnens turns her attention to the points at which the romance borrows from itself, whether through series of similar episodes such as tournaments, repetitions of the same event as seen through the eyes of different characters, or retellings of the same occurrence in different forms (prose, verse, ekphrastic description). It is here that she is best able to give a sense of the romance's aesthetic, as conveyed through the sheer complexity of its intertwined, repeating subplots. The book concludes with a useful glossary of technical terms, and a bibliography whose completeness makes it an excellent resource for Perceforest scholars. Chardonnens demonstrates that she is one of the few scholars to be familiar with Perceforest in its totality. It is to be hoped that her work will pave the way for many future studies of this unique and important romance.


The paper is concerned with strongly nonlinear singularly perturbed bound- ary value problems in one dimension. The problems are solved numerically by finite- difference schemes on special meshes which are dense in the boundary layers. The Bakhvalov mesh and a special piecewise equidistant mesh are analyzed. For the central scheme, error estimates are derived in a discrete L 1 norm. They are of second order and decrease together with the perturbation parameterǫ. The fourth-order Numerov scheme and the Shishkin mesh are also tested numerically. Numerical results show ǫ-uniform pointwise convergence on the Bakhvalov and Shishkin meshes. AMS subject classifications: 65L10, 65L12


(1) Language learning is primarily based on learners' exposure to their second language (L2) in use, that is, their communicative experience using the L2. (2) Learners induce the rules of their L2 from this experience by employing cognitive mechanisms that are not exclusive to language learning, but that are general cognitive mechanisms at work in any kind of learning, including language learning.


THE TECHNICAL skills of the otologic surgeon excel within the temporal bone, and those of the neurosurgeon in the posterior fossa. Between lies the acoustic neuroma. There are several surgical approaches to the removal of these tumors, each having specific advantages and distinct disadvantages, but none is ideal for removal of all tumors. For these reasons we have pooled our skills and utilized a team approach for surgical treatment, selecting the operation based mainly on considerations of tumor size and patient condition. The surgical team approach has not only advanced mutual knowledge, and minimized biased concepts, but offers a broad and comprehensive approach to the total management of the patient with an acoustic nerve tumor. From the outset, our main aim has been for total removal. This has been achieved in 100% of the cases in this series but has necessitated second stage operations in five patients. Since we have


Abstract. The procedures for pre-processing the data of the electronic call management system is implemented in the emergency call center. The purpose of the procedures is to process the raw data entered into the system to obtain statistical data. These procedures, in parallel with data entry, allow data to be converted and stored for later use. Following the introduction of this method, when receiving a statistical request, it is no longer necessary to reperform the procedure, because the data is already stored in the desired form. As a result, the duration of the work to be performed and the required hardware resources are reduced. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the data pre-processing method. Also the parameters needed to calculate the average processing time – one of the most important statistical indicators of an electronic system – are given. The paper presents a table corresponding to the example of calculating the average time of call processing. It also shows a formula for calculating the full-time processing time, which is based on the use of simple operations only and does not require much time and hardware resources.


This paper proposes a public key cryptographic scheme with(t,n) threshold decryption based on Shamir's secret sharing scheme and ElGamal's cryptosystem.In this scheme,any t of n participants of the receiver can cooperate to reconstruct the plain text,but any t-1or fewer have no access to any bit of the plain text.The security of the scheme is analyzed.


This thesis deals with the behaviour modulo n of linear recurring sequences of integers with characteristic polynomial ƒ ( x ) where n is a positive integer and ƒ ( x ) is a monic polynomial of degree k. Let α [subscript 1], α [subscript 2],...,α [subscript k] be the zeros of ƒ ( x ) and D ( ƒ ) ≠ 0 its discriminant. We focus on the v-sequence ( v [subscript j] ), defined by v [subscript j] = α[superscript j] over [subscript 1] + α [superscript j] over [subscript 2] + ... + α [superscript j] over [subscript k] for j ≥ 0. Our main interest is in algebraic congruences modulo n which hold when n is a prime and which involve only terms of the sequence and rational integers. For k = 1,2 such results have been used extensively in primality testing and have led to the study of various types of pseudoprimes. For k = 3, such results have been studied by Adams and Shanks ( 1 ) under the further assumption ƒ ( 0 ) = - 1. For general k, quite different approaches have been taken by Gurak ( 2 ) and Szekeres ( 3 ). The infinite test matrix modulo n is the infinite matrix M with rows and columns numbered 0,1,2 ... whose ( i, j ) entry is m [subscript ij], the least residue modulo n of v [subscript in + j] - v [subscript i + j] for i ≥ 0 and j ≥ 0. We study the congruence properties of M and especially of the k x k submatrix M ( [superscript k] ) determined by rows and columns 0 to k - 1. Chapters 1 and 2 introduce the thesis and summarise auxiliary results. Chapter 3 presents background on linear recurring sequences with an emphasis on the matrix approach, including the v - sequence and the k " u - sequences " ( whose initial vectors are the rows of Ik ). Chapter 4 comprises theoretical study of the properties of M for a general k, both when n is a prime and for general n, together with investigation of the condition of Gurak ( 2 ). For ( n, k!D ( ƒ ) ) = 1, we show that the condition of Szekeres is equivalent to the condition that m [subscript i0] = 0 for 1 ≤ i ≤ k and also to certain permutation conditions. Gurak ' s condition is then described using these conditions. Chapter 5 assumes k = 3. For this case we study congruences modulo n satisfied by the m [subscript ij] when n is a prime, and hence develop a combination of tests on M ( [superscript 3] ) which are passed by all primes. We report on extensive computer investigation of composites passing these tests. Such composites are found to be rare. Investigation of the relevant work of Adams and Shanks and colleagues, together with use of the permutation condition of Chapter 4, leads to a modification of the earlier tests on M ( [superscript 3] ). Under suitable assumptions we show that the new modified condition is equivalent to the basic condition of Adams and Shanks and also to that of Gurak but has significant advantages over both. References ( 1 ) Adams, W. and Shanks, D. Strong primality tests that are not sufficient, Math. Comp., 39, 1982, 255-300. ( 2 ) Gurak, S. Pseudoprimes for higher - order linear recurrence sequences, Math. Comp., 55, 1990, 783-813. ( 3 ) Szekeres,…


The exploration of non-noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance in energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In this work, a hybrid catalyst composed of MnO/Ni nanoparticles anchored on porous branched nitrogen-doped carbons (MnO/Ni@BNCs) were prepared by direct pyrolyzing melamine foams containing Mn(II) and Ni (II) ions at 800 °C under N2 atmosphere. On the basis of electrochemical tests, it was found that the MnO/Ni@BNCs hybrid catalyst showed a high efficient four-electron catalytic pathway towards ORR and gave a low yield of H2O2 (< 7.53 %). It also exhibited a good catalytic stability and methanol tolerance, exceeding the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The excellent catalytic performance was attributed to the synergetic effect between high catalytic activity of MnO and high electrical conductivity of Ni. Furthermore, the high surface area and porous structure characters of carbon support, which partially inherited the microstructure of melamine foam, also benefited the electron transfer and reactive species transformation during ORR process.


Abstract Fabrication of optical fiber salicylic acid (SA) sensors based on immobilization of ferric(III) nitrate and copper(II) acetate on Dowex‐50x8 is presented in this paper. The SA forms a stable purple complex with immobilized Fe3+ at pH 2.1 with a response time of 10 min while it forms a stable yellowish green complex with immobilized Cu2+ at pH 6.5 with a response time of 8 min. The reflectance spectra of the sensors were measured by using an optical fiber spectrophotometer. The results showed these SA sensors have maximum reflectance at 786 nm and 725 nm for SAFe complex and SACu complex, respectively. The useful dynamic response ranges are 0.02–0.50 g/L (SAFe) and 0.40–1.40 g/L (SACu). These complexes are stable for more than 24 hours. A good reproducibility (0.90%— SAFe; 0.86%— SACu) of measurement was obtained with these sensors.


A network video monitoring system based on DM365 comprises a device, a server and a client, wherein the device is used for capture, A/D conversion, compression and package sending of video data; after a video data package arrives at the server through a network, the server is used for forwarding video date to appointed users according to video viewing request conditions of the users; the users utilizes a client player to decode and play the data after receiving the video data of the corresponding device, the client obtains the video data of the corresponding device by sending request information to the server; the video data collected by a camera are directly extracted from the video processing front end of a main processor TMS320DM365, and compressed and coded into the vide data of the H.264 format through a coprocessor HDVICP to be sent to the server and the client. The invention further provides a network video monitoring method. According to the network video monitoring system and method, video definition and fluency are improved, and video compression efficiency is improved, and power consumption is reduced.


Over the years, spiking neural P systems (SNPS) have grown into a popular model in membrane computing because of their diverse range of applications. In this paper, we give a comprehensive summary of applications of SNPS and its variants, especially highlighting power systems fault diagnoses with fuzzy reasoning SNPS. We also study the structure and workings of these models, their comparisons along with their advantages and disadvantages. We also study the implementation of these models in hardware. Finally, we discuss some new ideas which can further expand the scope of applications of SNPS models as well as their implementations.


This paper is a continuation of investigation of authors in the area of elaborating new effective methods for detection of change-points and diagnostics. In this paper we propose methods for detection of a diagnoses on the basis of the ideas of opinions functions and detection of characteristical elements by a moving window algorithm and a fixed coordinate system approach.


: In this work , low carbon steel is heated at different conditions and different volume fraction of martensite are obtained after intercritical heating followed by air, water and oil quenching at different intercritical temperature. The tensile strength of low carbon steels are measured. Corrosion properties are evaluated using immersion test. It was observed that the tensile strength increased with increase in martensite volume fraction .The corrosion rates for low carbon steel is found to be lower than that for ferrite- pearlite steel. carbon steel observed that the corrosion rate of dual phase steel developed from 0.23%C steel via intercritical annealing heat treatment increases with increase in intercritical annealing temperature and martensite volume fraction in 0.1M HCl solution. They also revealed that martensite volume fraction increases as a function of temperature. Again, the corrosion rate of the duplex microstructure steels was found to be slightly higher than that of normalized steel.


Objective In order to observe the early-stage clinical and serological effect of syphilis patients after taking Rocephin. Methods 135 patients were treated with Rocephin and Benzyl penicillin separately. 89 cases took 1g of Rocephin for 18 days in a row, and 46 control cases took 2.4 milliom units of Benzyl penicillin once per week for 3 weeks. Results Positive of RPR transformed negative in 11 cases out of the 89 cases after 1 month, the rate is 12.36%. Positive of RPR transformed negative in 64 cases after 3 months, the rate is 71.91%. Positive of RPR transformed negative in 84 cases after 6 months, the rate is 94.38%.Positive of RPR transfomed negative in all cases out of the 89 cases after 9 months, the rate is 100%. After 2~3 years of observation, no diseases and no positive of RPR were found. 46 cases took Benzyl penicillin after 1 month, no transformation of positive to negative was found, only a virus volume decline in 21 cases (45.65%). Positive of RPR transformed negative in 8 cases out of the 46 cases after 3 months,the rate is 17.39%,Positive of RPR transformed negative in 17 cases after 6 months, the rate is 36.97%. Positive of RPR transformed negative in 34 cases after 12 months, the rate is 73.91%. Conclusion The medicine,Rocephin has rapid and high effect on early-stage syphilis, which can transform positive of RPR to negative quickly and shorten the time of treatment.


Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane-based technology for water desalination. Of paramount importance is the understanding of ion selectivity in mixtures of salts, i.e., to what extent the membrane retains one ion more than another in a multicomponent salt solution. We apply continuum transport theory to describe a large set of data for the ion selectivity of RO membranes treating brackish groundwater with more than 10 different monovalent and divalent ions. The model is based on the Donnan steric partitioning pore model extended to include ions of multiple charge states, such as bicarbonate/carbonic acid, ammonia/ammonium, and hydroxyl/hydronium ions and the acid–base reactions between them and with the membrane charge. By adjusting for each ion the ratio of ion size over pore size, we can fit the model to the data. We note that the fitted ion sizes do not always follow a logical order based on the ionic or hydrated size of the ions and that rejection of divalent cations is overestimated in some cases. We ...


The essay addresses the well-known idea that there has to be a place for intuition, thought of as a kind of non-inferential rational insight, in the epistemology of basic logic if our knowledge of its principles is non-empirical and is to allow of any finite, non-circular reconstruction. It is argued that the error in this idea consists in its overlooking the possibility that there is, properly speaking, no knowledge of the validity of principles of basic logic. When certain important distinctions are observed, for instance that between recognising that Modus Ponens is sound and recognising that it is proof against the competent discovery of basic counterexamples, the case for thinking that there is indeed no space for genuine recognition of the validity of Modus Ponens becomes increasingly impressive. It is argued however that, the impossibility of knowledge notwithstanding, we are, in an important sense, entitled to take it that Modus Ponens is sound and that this notion of entitlement can help break the trichotomy - intuition, inference, experience - which imprisons our ordinary thinking about logical knowledge.


We present here a new method for realization of minimal-order proper rational transfer functions from z-domain samples. A criterion for determining the minimal order of the transfer function is given. The theory is developed first for strictly proper rational transfer functions and then extended to the case of transfer functions with a direct-coupling term. The theory is valid for arbitrary z-domain samples. The special case of uniform frequency response samples is shown to allow a computationally efficient derivation of the realization. Examples are given to illustrate the theory. The theory developed here has many applications, such as modelling of communication channels, identification of systems from frequency measurements and infinite impulse response filter design.


The utility model discloses a purification device for the ecological recovery of a water body. The purification device comprises an aerial floating island, a water surface floating island and an underwater floating island, wherein the aerial floating island comprises support frames and terrestrial plants arranged on the support frames; the water surface floating island comprises a floating island unit and emergent aquatic plants; the underwater floating island comprises microbe film hanging components and submerged/floating leaf plants; the floating island unit comprises an emergent aquatic plant planting area and a submerged/floating leaf plant planting area; the support frames are arranged on the aquatic plant planting areas; the microbe film hanging components are hung below the aquatic plant planting areas; and the submerged/floating leaf plants are arranged in the submerged/floating leaf plant planting area. The purification device has the advantages that a three-dimensional ecological environment can be constructed according to the growth requirements of different plants, the water body and air above the water body are purified, and microbes are attached to the purification device easily, so that good ecological equilibrium is easy to construct; and the purification device has a multilayer structure, is high in adaptability and achieves an effect of constructing abundant landscapes.


Readmission rates have become one of the indicators used to evaluate health care systems in many countries. It is a huge waste of healthcare and financial resources. Therefore, researchers have been studying how to reduce readmission rates. After an in-depth study, a hybrid Adaboost-RandomForest model approach is proposed to predict the readmission risk of diabetic patients. Fisrtly, RandomUnderSampler technique is used to solve imbalance problem. Then AdaBoost model is trained and its predictions are merged into the original dataset as new features, and the model of RandomForest is trained and tested with the new dataset. The results show that the hybrid model proposed in this paper achieves 0.79, 0.78 and 0.78 in terms of precision, recall and AUC, respectively, outperforming single algorithm models such as Naive Bayes, Tabnet, decision tree and KNN. This paper also uses the interpretability of machine learning to obtain a feature importance analysis graph, explaining the reasons for the formation of decisions. Good results from hybrid models and importance analysis plots can help physicians improve treatment planning and length of hospital stay, which can reduce readmission rates.


The interactions between chemical reactions and transport may be divided into direct effects, for example on the molecular level, and indirect effects, for example those arising from the geometrical configuration of the integrated reactor/exchanger. Attention herein is focused on the latter, although in many instances the direct effects must be accounted for as well. Particular attention is given to the identification of behavior that does not arise in chemical reactors not connected to an exchanger or in exchangers not connected to a chemical reactor, as well as to optimal conditions and configurations of combined reactors and exchangers. Generalizations are difficult to formulate for such complex behavior and equipment, necessitating a primary reliance on illustrative examples. However, some general conclusions are drawn concerning the occurrence, identification, and performance of interactive designs.


The utility model discloses a cold and hot water faucet, comprising a mixing valve element and a valve body, wherein the valve body comprises a valve shell and a plastic valve element seat which is provided with a hot water inlet channel, a cold water inlet channel and a mixed water outlet channel; the valve shell is provided with a hollow inner cavity and at least one first opening, one second opening and one third opening; the valve element seat is arranged in the hollow inner cavity of the valve shell, the hot water inlet channel and the cold water inlet channel are corresponding to the first opening of the valve shell, and the mixed water outlet channel is corresponding to the second opening of the valve shell; the mixing valve element is arranged on the valve shell through the third opening of the valve shell, and a hot water inlet, a cold water inlet and a mixed water outlet of the mixing valve element are respectively communicated with the hot water inlet channel, the cold water inlet channel and the mixed water outlet channel of the valve element seat. By adopting the above structure, on the one hand, the material cost of the cold and hot water faucet is reduced, and on the other hand, the problem that heavy metal and hazardous substances are separated out to pollute water is avoided.


Using the finite element analysis and experimental investigation,the tensile strength of the welded joint in which filling bead was less-matching and backing weld overmatching was analyzed and compared in plate butt-joint specimen tensile test state.It shows better fitness between numerical solutions and experimental results and also indicates the effectiveness of the analysis model.Base on this,the plate butt-joint specimen was analyzed by 3D FEM numerical simulation and orthogonal design theory in order to show the influence sequence of three parameters-the thickness of the backing weld,groove angle and root gap.The results show that the thickness of the backing bead has the greatest influence on the tensile strength and provide reliable foundation for the welding of such welded joints.


Hydrocarbon dew point in fuel gas has become a recent concern for Saudi Aramco and Saudi Electricity Company (SEC). Together they operate more than 150 land based industrial and aeroderivative combustion gas turbines (CGTs) on natural gas produced in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Automated on-line hydrocarbon dew point monitoring conducted over the past two years has revealed wide variations in the hydrocarbon dew points of the fuel gas that supply these turbines. During winter months at some locations, hydrocarbon dew points are now known to rise to, and slightly above ambient gas temperatures. Daily variations in dew point temperature average about 12–14 °F (7–8 °C) in winter months with highs occuring in late morning hours. More dramatic changes (60 °F, 33 °C) were recorded and attributed to operational changes in two major gas plants. At a major power generation facility, hydrocarbon dew point data was referenced in time with inlet fuel temperature and inlet fuel pressure recorded from a turbine control system. This data reveals evidence that liquid hydrocarbon was entering the CGT fuel intake. Damage to hot gas path components from liquids in natural gas fuel has cost Saudi Aramco several million dollars over a 10 year period (1985–1995). The estimates are much higher now with expanded use of natural gas into the Central and Western Provinces of Saudi Arabia. The new sources of gas, new processing facilities and longer transmission distances all contribute to greater potential for liquids formation, while upgrades to higher firing temperatures also increases the sensitivity of some CGTs to liquids in the fuel. With dew point monitoring, we will be able to recommend the necessary fuel conditioning equipment and fuel preheating temperatures that will be needed to prevent costly distress to CGTs due to the passage of liquids in the fuel gas.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Schizophrenia is one of the most severe and debilitating major psychiatric diseases, with a yearly prevalence of 0.4–0.8% in the general population (Dohrenwend, 1980; Flekkoy, 1987) and a lifetime risk of 1–1.5% (Regier et al, 1984; Robins et al, 1984). It is the prototype of a severe mental illness, with the capacity to disrupt routine daily functions in all areas of life, but especially work, social relationships, and self-care. Schizophrenia also increases the vulnerability of a patient to physical and other mental disturbances (Koran et al, 1989). Until recently, the clinical course of this disease has been far worse than that of most other psychiatric disorders, thus making it devastating for many individuals and costly to society (McGlashan, 1988). Schizophrenic patients occupy 20–25% of all the beds available for psychiatric in-patient care and account for 40% of all long-stay hospital days (Talbott et al, 1987; Meise et al, 1992). It is not so much the direct costs associated with treatment, but rather the indirect costs, such as those that arise from morbidity and mortality, that place a severe burden on the social economy (Gunderson & Mosher, 1975; Hall et al, 1985; Rice et al, 1992).


Significant work has been attempted to better comprehend the attributes and mechanisms suggested in simulation and data mining in precedent research. More prominent understanding causes not only give progresses in numerous fields but also enable experts to better consider the last target. The inquiries postured in this review is whether research is able for depicting and demonstrating data from a statistical point of view, along with investigating systems to enhance the precision of calculations that depend on this data. Simulation of data, statistical analysis and modelling of particular data contributes ads to more educated comprehension of the underlying characteristics of the desired output. Statistical analysis of data shows that data can be depicted utilizing particular design. Modelling method and is the perfect possibility for examiners and specialists. Abstract


The first-year experience at university is a "purgatorial zone". There is the shock of the new: navigating a new campus, choosing and enrolling in courses, locating classrooms, finding new friends and establishing new social networks, buying armloads of textbooks, making sense of subject outlines, balancing work and study, completing multiple assignments on time. But there are also the growing pains associated with intellectual development. Not only must first-year students take responsibility for their own learning; they must also accept that there are no "right" or "wrong" answers or "good" or "bad" positions, but judgements they must make and defend through analysis, reasoning and argument.


After viewing data from the first flight, it was observed that there was some discrepancy in the dutch-roll mode between the predicted model and the actual flight data. It was also found that there was some manual elevator input at the end of each elevator doublet. The second flight (45) was conducted in the same manner as the first flight. Its goal was to get better data than the first. The pilot paid closer attention to when he transitioned from controlling the elevator to the aileron so that he would not overlay a manual elevator input on top of the elevator doublet. The data from this flight was sufficient for the system identification. Flight 45 was similar to flight 44, but with more precise manual pilot input. Thor Flight 45 Rx data: A006, L041, F000, H000


Discrimination problems differ in nature from reconstruction tasks. While in reconstruction, it is the mean squared error that is often used to measure the quality of the scheme, classification requires a different measure which often is not related to the former. The discrimination power of a certain basis or a set of basis function is not necessarily connected to the quality of reconstruction associated with this set. Furthermore, the degree of relevance of the orthonormality constraint to the quality of the discrimination is questionable. For example, linear discriminant analysis [1] searches for linear projections which maximize the between-class variance divided by the sum of within-class variance. Such projections do not necessarily coincide with the principal components of the data which are the directions that optimize MSE reconstruction. A successful approach to discrimination is based on an appropriate preprocessing to create an efficient signal representation, which then leads to an efficient dimensionality reduction. The next step is again some combination of feature extraction and classification. In this paper we briefly review several methods for finding data representation via optimal decomposition of wavelet basis functions and discuss their reconstruction properties. We then discuss some signal decomposition methods for the purpose of discrimination. This is followed by a brief discussion on a combination of feature extraction and classification scheme and with discrimination results on two acoustic data-sets.


The enthalpy of binding of ethidiumbromide (EB) to double- and single-stranded DNA of two different species and to apurinic acid has been measured by means of an isothermal mixing calorimeter. Equilibrium dialysis served as a tool to determine the extent of binding of EB. — At 5, 20, and 35 °C the binding enthalpies were −20.3, -23,6, and −33.5 kJ/mol EB, respectively, for the binding to single-stranded calf-thymus DNA (ssCT) in SSC-buffer and −21.4, 28.5, −36.4 kJ/mol EB for the binding to dsCT. In a tenfold diluted buffer the values were -39.4, −62.8, −72.0 kJ/mol EB for ssCT and −21.4, −30.8, and 36.0 kJ/mol EB for dsCT.


The manuscript by Visigalli et al. describes the effect of hindlimb unloading on mRNA and protein expression in bones from young C57BL/6 mice. The authors conclude that removal of mechanical forces results in changes in gene expression in different bone compartments and that some, but not all, genes return to basal levels after 14 days of reloading. The studies are potentially relevant; however, there are substantial problems with the data presented. Moreover, the manuscript is not well-written, the data is not presented in a clear manner and there are problems with the use of the English language. In addition, other issues should be addressed.


The objective of this program has been to experimentally evaluate the performace of a 50th percentile anthropomorphic test dummy developed by the Highway Safety Research Institute (HSRI). Two identical dummines were furnished to Calspan for: (a) measurement and verification of the degree of conformance of these dummines with a "Purchase Description of the NHTSA 50th Percentile Anthropomorphic Test Dummy", and (b) establishment, by appropriate testing, of the ranges of performance and repeatability of these test devices under conditions of representative crash environments. A series of eleven static and dynamic component tests were performed to measure the HSRI dummy in accordance with the purchase description; the results indicate substantial non-conformance with the specified criteria. Fourteen type-w belt restraint tests and six air bag restraint tests were performed using an accelerator sled to simulate a 30 MPH impact crash. The results indicate that the HSRI dummy responses differ substantially from those of the GM Hybrid II dummy evaluated under Contract No. DOT-HS-053-3-603. Further, the repeatability of the HSRI dummy is substantially equivalent on an overall basis when compared to the GM Hybrid II dummy. /Author/


1. In accordance with the terms of reference agreed by the Preparatory Conference in its second session (WCPFC/PrepCon/15, Annex V), the third meeting of the Scientific Coordinating Group took place at Majuro, Marshall Islands from 19 to 21 August 2004, immediately following SCTB17. The list of participants is attached as Annex I. A list of abbreviations and acronyms used in this report is attached as Annex VI. The meeting was chaired by Dr Yuji Uozumi (Japan).


To breed silkworm varieties with higher humidity tolerance, directional breeding under high humidity circumstances was carried out for 4 years in this experiment, and the humidity tolerance of four silkworm varieties of Japanese strain was improved. The results showed that through continuous high humidity motivation for eight generations, all the larva-pupa survival rate of the four varieties increased. We reared four high humidity motivated strains and original parent strains in condition of high humidity, and the results showed that all the larva-pupa survival rate of high humidity motivated strains were higher than that of original parent strains. The larva-pupa survival rate of "Yan 7" was improved greatly, from 38.60% to 72.13%. We used the high humidity motivated strains to obtain the improved first hybrid of "Yue can No.6", reared it and original first hybrid in condition of high humidity, the results showed that the survival rate and economic characters improved significantly. Accordingly, the experimental results demonstrate that high humidity motivation for several generations may improve the high humidity tolerance of silkworm varieties, and breed new silkworm materials with high humidity tolerance.


Gendering Executive Attention: The Impact of Women's Representation Claire Annesley, University of Manchester Isabelle Engeli, University of Ottawa Francesca Gains, University of Manchester* [Note to designer: Please include a line at the bottom of the first page that says: * The authors can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com and email@example.com.]


The present paper proposes a bacteria foraging optimization based independent component analysis (BFOICA) algorithm assuming a linear noise free model. It is observed that the proposed BFOICA algorithm overcomes the long standing permutation ambiguity and recovers the independent components(IC) in a fixed order which depends on the statistical characteristics of the signals to be estimated. The paper compares the performance of BFOICA algorithm with the constrained genetic algorithm based ICA (CGAICA) and most popular fast ICA algorithm. The proposed algorithm offers comparable or even better performance compared to fast ICA algorithm and faster convergence and better mean square error performance compared to CGAICA.


Subject. This article discusses the challenges and prospects for mapping institutional functions to assess the extent to which the resource potential of the older generation is being realized in regional society.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a mapping profile of institutional functions to assess the extent to which the resource potential of the older generation is being realized.
Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, logical and systems approaches, and theoretical generalization.
Results. The article identifies the most important institutions for realizing the resource potential of the older generation and presents a typology of institutional functions through mapping across the three basic institutional spheres, namely the economic, social, and health ones. The article highlights certain system-based gaps in the analyzed institutional environment and dysfunctions in the institutional interactions in the field of the older generation's resource potential.
Conclusions. The Older Generation's Institutional Capacity Implementation Map methodological model can be a significant tool to identify shortcomings in the implementation of government social programmes aimed to improve the quality of life of older people.


The Beatles' 2021 documentary, "Get Back," provides a unique lens into the intersection of family systems and adult relationships of the most important pop group in history. In 1969, 16 months after the death of their manager and father-figure, Brian Epstein, the Beatles gather to make a film about making an album. Three of the Beatles had been making music together for more than 10 years at this point and had become a second family to each other while carrying their family-of-origin history with them. They have grown up together, married and partnered, and are wondering whether to stay together as a group. I view them as siblings who are struggling with the typical characteristics of such relationships that are often marked by affection, ambivalence, and ambiguity. Implications for social work practice with families and siblings are included.


To the Editor: —Dr. J. Whitridge Williams' paper on medical education and the midwife problem (The Journal, Jan. 6, 1912, p. 1), is a frank and fair statement of the facts concerning the teaching and practice of obstetrics in this country. These facts explain to a large extent the cause of the high infant mortality at birth and during the first few weeks of life. It is to be hoped that thoughtful medical men, interested in this side of surgical practice, will consider well the significance of such an investigation. Dr. B. B. Browne, in his letter (The Journal, Jan. 27, 1912, p. 296) emphasizes rightly the necessity for more practical experience for every medical student in the teaching of obstetrics, but fails to give due emphasis to the equally important duty of a professor in a university medical school—that of advancing the science and art of his branch.


Objective To investigate the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(PCP-1) in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) and it's modulation by atorvastatin and explore the role of MCP-1 and the protective mechanism of atorvastatin in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure.Methods Patients with CHF were randomized to receive routine therapy(n=31) or atorvastatin in addition to routine therapy(n= 34) for 12 weeks,Their MCP-1 levels were evaluated before and after treatment.The function and structure of the heart were evaluated by ultrasonic cardiogram.Results ①The plasm MCP-1 levels of both CHF groups were higher than those of the normal control group(p0.01).②In comparison with CHF control group,The plasm MCP-1 level,LVEDD,E/A were all significantly decreased(all P0.05),while FS and LVEF were significantly increased in atorvastatin group(both P0.05).Conclusion The high plasm level of MCP-1 in patients with CHF might be a marker of immune activation.Atorvastatin can improve heart function and inhibit inflammatory response.


This paper proposed the frame of generalized modularization, the division of the internal flerible modules and the route optimization on the basis of analyzing the design characters of complicated pipes, and applying the general modular design and GAs (Genetic Algonthms) . It has been applied to the oil pipes design for turbine, and the result is quite good.


This study is a continuation of research on deeply disadvantaged areas, adding new elements to finalise a methodology in their treatme nt field. It also brings practical elements related to the individualisation of the main territorial disco ntinuities at the level of some problem areas for a ll the development regions of Romania. The basic hypothesis is that in the treatment process of deeply disadvantaged areas, knowing the gaps within them i s of utmost importance. These gaps are highlighted by physiognomic, functional and especially by mental discontinuities. The indicators used and the amendment with qualitative indicators may lead to t he individualisation of such discontinuities, which separates the very poor areas among the poor ones. Possessing such territorial partitions, the transit ion to their characterization and of insertion environm ent is easy, in order to assess the real possibilit ies of future development.


National school want to exploit history course should take comprehensively carry out the country's teaching policy as the basis, comprehensively implement reform of course, promote the development of students and society.


Study objective: This study focused on the transition of epicardial, paracardial and omental fat during early postnatal life using analysis of gene expression.


The liquid fraction of manure, used as a nutrient solution, is an important source of nutrients for plants in hydroponics; however, it requires previous cond...


of the Northeast-located Erskine household, whose tensions with the Crown over Mar and whose hostilities with Highlanders explain the romance's emphases on aggressive kings and threatening wild men. Caughey's arguments that the poem's stress on forgiveness stems from the pressures of fifteenth-century Scotland's "clan system" (p. 145), and that fascination with an exotic East relates to the Erskines's own sense of geographical marginalization, offer a vivid historical context for the romance. The volume closes with discussion of a prominent romance's profound skepticism concerning the chivalric system central to Western romance. In "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Limits of Chivalry," Laura Ashe argues that Gawain's journey to meet a pointless death supports her thesis that one cannot die "for" chivalry (p. 164). Ashe analyzes chivalry as an economic system designed to minimize mortal risks for aristocratic participants while trading in the symbolic capital of reputation generated particularly by tournament display. After examining analogues of the Beheading Game, Ashe makes the intriguing argument that the Gawain poet revised the received story, setting the second beheading out of the public's eye: the prospect of Gawain's purposeless, because private self-sacrifice then critiques the hypocrisy of a brutal chivalry rooted in economic interest. Ashe, Djordjević, and Weiss have assembled stimulating reflections on medieval romance, producing a collection that scholars would be well advised to exploit. Randy P. Schiff SUNY, Buffalo


Compounds that cause an increase in the knocking tendency of gasolines are of two main types: (1) those such as dichloromethylarsine, cacodyl chloride, and arsenic tribromide, which counteract the effect of antiknock compounds present, and (2) those which, in addition, have some effect on the base stock, such as chloropicrin, bromopicrin, and bromine. Halogens, nitrites, nitro compounds and elements of Group V add to the pro-knock properties of a molecule. A long chain and an asymmetric molecule are effective structures. Pro-knock neutralized the effect of the antiknock but the concentration bore no direct relation to the antiknock concentration. Compounds of the first type showed greatest effect in fuels of high lead susceptibility brought up to a high octane rating with lead tetraethyl from a low octane base stock. They were similarly effective in counteracting iron carbonyl, but had no effect on aniline. Compounds of the second type effectively counteracted aniline, and when added to Diesel fuels showe...


The initial rates of the oxo reaction of methylacrylate in toluene at 100°C were measured under various partial pressures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; they were then compared with the initial rate of the formation of cobalt hydrocarbonyl from dicobalt octacarbonyl measured under the same conditions in the preceding paper. The initial rate of the oxo reaction under the carbon monoxide pressure above 10kg./cm2 can be represented as follows:Initial rate (mol.% of aldehyde/acrylate/min.) =0.16 (PH2)1.5/(PCO)However, the initial rate decreases with the decreasing partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the range below 10 kg./cm2 of carbon monoxide. In addition, under the partial pressure of carbon monoxide below 10 kg./cm2 some behaviors of cobalt carbonyl different from that under the pressure above 10 kg./cm2 were observed. On the basis of these observations, a possible mechanism of the oxo reaction was discussed.


Abstract Lanthanum doped Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films have been fabricated by the solgel deposition technique. The small-signal dielectric constant ϵ has been investigated in the temperature range of 25°C to 550°C. The maximum value in the dielectric constant occurs at certain temperature for each particular composition. The apparent critical temperature is close to the Curie temperature reported in literature for the bulk material with similar composition. Lanthanum modified PbTiO3 and PbZrTiO3 have shown lower and broaden peaks. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops have been observed. The shape of the loop, the amplitude of the remnant polarization, and the coercive field significantly changed when the films were heated across the critical temperature that appeared in the dielectric constant curve. The critical temperature is assumed to be associated to the phase boundaries between the paraelectric-cubic and the ferroelectric tetragonal phases. A diffuse phase transition region were observed in lanthanum doped films.


In 2001, President George W. Bush restricted the participation in democratic processes for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) abroad by reinstating a policy restricting family planning funding granted by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The restriction sharply curtailed the ability to speak and to associate freely for organizations working to preserve women's health and lives.Organizations in Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya had begun to identify the problems associated with their countries' restrictive abortion laws. In these three countries, as elsewhere in the world, illegal abortions are unsafe and a major cause of the high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity. By 2001, efforts toward abortion law reform were underway but US policy on abortion curtailed advocates' efforts.


Review(s) of: And so to court and love in the family court, by Jeanine Lloyd, Publisher: Sid Harta Publishers, 2000 and 2003.


A dielectric waveguide shorted at both ends was constructed as a cavity resonator. By measuring the Q of this cavity, one can determine the attenuation constant of this guided mode on this dielectric structure. The complex permittivity of the dielectric waveguide material can also be derived from the measurements. Measurements were made at Ka-band for dielectric waveguides constructed of nonpolar, low-loss polymers, such as Teflon, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and rexolite. >


Privacy means different in both cultures.In modern information society,it deverses more attention from us.Privacy in oriental culture is quite distinctive from that in western culture.And the reasons are also not the same.


Purpose: Standard liver transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) response evaluation criteria are based on lesion and necrotic areas sizes, however, in the particular case of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (mNET) these criteria lack accuracy and prognostic significance; so additional MRI parameters are proposed in the paper for TACE efficiency assessment in these patents. Material and methods: 31 liver mNET patients that undergone 61 TACE procedures were enrolled in the study. 108 MRI studies performed 3-86 days before (median - 28 days) and 17-108 days (median - 54 days) after TACE were analyzed. We acquired diffusion weighted images (DWI) with maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T 1 -weighted images (T 1 -WI) fat-saturated (FS) before i.v. contrast injection and after on arterial, portal and delayed phases. TACE effect was estimated according to RECIST 1.1 (2008). Before and after TACE, we measured: maximum necrotic/fibrotic zone diameter and solid component thickness on its periphery at the largest targeted lesion, ADC and its standard deviation (SD) in the tumor solid component; MR contrast agent (MRCA) uptake dynamics and signal intensity (SI) SD on T 1 -WI FS on portal phases at same regions. Results: TACE effect was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 as progressive disease in 4 (6.8 %), stabilization in 54 (88.4 %) and partial response in 3 (4.9 %) patients. The diameter of the fibrotic/necrotic areas after TACE demonstrated no changes, but thickness of the solid component on the periphery of the fibrotic/necrotic areas decreased significantly. ADC values and its SD increased, lesion MRCA accumulation on arterial and portal phase decreased, lesion MRCA wash-out time and SI SD on T 1-WI FS on portal phase increased in solid portions of mNETs after TACE. Positive prognostic factors associated with the time to progression were an increase in ADC values and its SD, a decrease in MRCA accumulation on portal phase. Conclusion: Mentioned above parameters may be useful for increasing the predictive value of MRI-assessment of TACE response in patients with liver mNETs and for determining the intervals of post-TACE MRI follow-up schedule.


Stress analysis simulation is used to determine stress distribution in implant.
Femoral stem that is designed have to can be made by cold forming, so cold
forming simulation is required to determine whether the manufacturing process of
design is possible with cold forming or not.
Hip prosthesis implant design was a hip prosthesis with cement. Stress
analysis simulation was performed by static loading which was taken at peak load
when walking, running, stumbling, one leg stand, stair climbing, and variation of
hip prosthesis design consist of femoral stem 6 mm and 8 mm thickness, hole and
without hole hip prosthesis. In the simulation, implant was inserted to femur bone
with assumtion that femur bone was aranged by cancellous, cortical bone, and
bone cement. Materials for femoral head and femoral stem were stainless steel
316L. Cold forming simulation used displacement in vertical direction to
deformed stainless steel 316L plate. Pressuring component moved in vertical
direction as long as 20 mm. Pressuring component movement was causing
deformation on plate and filled the space of dies. Pressuring component and dies
were ridig body.
In stress analysis simulation, Femoral stem with plate thickness 8 mm was
the best design. Maximum stress occured when stumbling loading condition.
Maximum stress in femoral stem 8 mm thickness was 428 MPa and 613,6 MPa in
femoral stem 6 mm thickness. Hole in femoral stem didn�t give serious affect on
maximum stress. Cold forming process when pressuring component moved 13
mm, the plate had been deformed and filled all of dies space. When plate moved
from 14 mm to 15 mm, it just increased yield strength from material. Plastic strain
indicated that new shape of plate could not back to initial shape


Language is embodied. Words and metaphors that we use in our classrooms are literally neurologically sourced in shared cognitive frames or schemas. Because the field of engineering in the U.S. grew out of the military, the culturally-habitual cognitive frames derive from a "war" frame. Frames activate associated neurological states that can work against students' ability to learn. As an example, faculty will often describe assignments as a gauntlet, which has an original meaning of "undergoing the military punishment of receiving blows while running between two rows of men with sticks." This word can elicit a neurological state of fear which causes the release of biochemicals that undermine making synaptic connections—the stuff of learning. In this paper we propose a practice of creating a frame of peace through the use of a syllabus-replacement that we call a Pledge. Unlike a traditional syllabus, this pledge—which means a solemn promise—activates schema involving mutual respect, generosity and freedom. In this paper, we will briefly review the research of cognitive frames and how language can affect the learning environment. Through a small sample of syllabi published online from three universities, we express the state of this typical document used in higher education. We then contrast the frames of traditional syllabi with those of our pledge concept. We suggest design guidelines for people to create Peaceful pledges for their own courses.


The periodical shock oscillations phenomenon induced by transonic shock/turbulence boundary layer interaction is a major cause of transonic buffet. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) method is applied to study the self-sustained shock oscillations phenomenon of SC (2)-0714 supercritical airfoil in this paper. The periodic shock motion on the upper surface of the airfoil is predicted with the DES method in calculations. The effects of Reynolds number on the shrinkage-reduce frequency of the shock motion, mean shock position and coefficients of fluctuating pressures are also studied in the paper.


We present diagnostics of plasma pencil discharge as alternative excitation source for analytical chemistry. The plasma pencil is special type of rf plasma nozzle at atmospheric pressure. Through this nozzle flows working gas argon with aerosol. The aerosol sample introduction system employed a double pass Scott spray chamber with a pneumatic concentric nebulizer. The parameters of the plasma were calculated by optical emission spectroscopy.


This paper was concerned with the wind flow around a circular cylinder with various wind velocities (ν) and turbulence intensities (I). Wind pressures were measured through wind tunnel tests, by which drag coefficient (CD ) and lift coefficient (C L) were calculated. The values of drag coefficient varies with the Reynolds numbers (Re) and turbulence intensities of incoming flow, and there exists a significant difference between steady flow and turbulent flow in drag coefficient in subcritical Reynolds numbers. An unstable separation bubble appears on one side when flow changes from the steady situation to the turbulent situation. Turbulence intensity affects the spectral density distribution of drag coefficient a lot.


The balloon flight performance of the Mark I single‐axis platform and telescope is presented. Three performance indicators are examined: inclinometer output, gyro output, and infrared detector signal. We find that the gondola itself experiences periodic angular disturbances with maximum amplitudes in the 0.1°–2.0° range, with peaks occurring at periods of about 1, 2, 7, 20, and 250 s. The 2‐ and 20‐s oscillations are identified with simple and compound pendulum motions, while the 250‐s oscillations are speculated to be caused by atmospheric waves. Maximum platform deviations from the horizontal are in the 0.002°–0.02° range, well within the 0.02° design goal, except in the 250‐s regime where amplitudes are occasionally several times larger than the design goal because of horizontal atmospheric accelerations. We find that the system meets our basic goal of providing a stable pointing direction within an uncertainty which is much less than the 0.3° telescope beam diameter.


A simple rapid spectrophotofluorometric method for assaying emetine in animal tissues is described. Tissue emetine concentrations have been determined in rats at intervals up to 14 days after single doses of emetine hydrochloride or emetine bismuth iodide: the hydrochloride was administered orally or subcutaneously and the bismuth iodide complex orally. Subcutaneously administered emetine hydrochloride produced the highest concentrations. Given orally, emetine hydrochloride produced higher tissue levels than did emetine bismuth iodide.