The present invention provides a device for adjusting height of a rotunda of a boarding bridge. The device for adjusting height of a rotunda of a boarding bridge includes: an outer column fixed to the ground and having an inner space; an inner column which fixes the rotunda and is coupled to be slidable in the inner space so as to be able to lift up and down; a drive unit installed to be exposed to the outside of the outer column and the inner column while vertically translating the inner column with respect to the outer column; and a power unit for controlling the drive unit. Accordingly, the present invention is able to easily check, repair, and replace the device for adjusting height of the rotunda.


Transparency international issues annual reports in the form of assessment and results of countries' attitudes towards the phenomenon of corruption. These reports are the most important report of the corruption perceptions index and the annual position report of the Global Corruption Scale. The political and influence on the external reputation of the state because the effects of corruption and its repercussions are not confined to one point, but rather affect the fabric of society, the behavior of individuals, their values, and the way government performance transparency international reports.


DESCRIPTION OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH STATUS IN
DISCJOKEY SOCIETIES

Julitah ¹ , Tri Widyastuti ²
Jurusan Keperawatan Gigi Politeknik Kesehatan Bandung

ABSTRACT
The health status of person's teeth and mouth is influenced by four factors namely heredity, environment (physical, biology, social), behavior, and health services. Of four factors, behavior affects and plays an important role in direct oral and dental hygiene. The behavior of e Discjokey at night tends not to pay attention to the maintenance of healthy teeth and mouth such as brushing teeth that are less regular and often smoking ang drinking alcohol in high levels. This study aims to determine the picture of dental and oral health status in discjokey association. The type of research used is a literature study that is a picture of the health status of teeth and mouth in the discjokey association which measured in caries experience index (OHI-S, DMF-T, PTI, RTI). The results showed 15% of respondents have criteria OHI-s well, 85% criteria OHI-S moderate, in addition to the results the criteria of DMF-T showed 10% is very low, 40% low, 40% moderate, 5% higher, 5% very high. Beside that the results of 100% PTI criteria with a bad category, while for the results of the criteria of 98% RTI which is relatively high.

Keywords : dental and oral health status (OHI-S, DMF-T, PTI, RTI)


To control the flow of network traffic to avoid the undesirable delay in the transmission of the timing sensitive packets is disclosed. A plurality of packets to be transmitted over the network transmission paths are monitored. Timing sensitive packet is predicted one hour available for transmitting across the network transmission path. In the time associated with a packet other than the packet timing sensitive predicted time so as not to occupy the network transmission paths, a plurality of packets is controlled according to the predicted time. To approximate the maximum data transmission rate associated with the network transmission path by the transmission and analysis of a series of test packets is disclosed. To approximate the buffer size of the buffer associated with the network transmission path by the transmission and analysis of a series of test packets is disclosed. Network delay controller, timing-sensitive packets, network transmission path, the address information, PIP identifier


Data on internal migration in Israel are presented for 1994. Time series data concerning the whole population are presented for the period 1984-1994. The data for 1994 are presented separately for Jews and non-Jews.


The current thesis explores the role played by metalinguistic awareness in language
acquisition/learning and seeks to develop a theoretical framework in which the integration of
`knowledge about language' [KALI in the school curriculum can be clarified in terms of curriculum
planning and pedagogic practice.
Chapter 1 unravels the confusion surrounding terms such as metalinguistic 'awareness' and/or
`consciousness' by relating them to the discussion on metacognition currently in vogue in cognitive
psychology. A taxonomy of theoretical models is considered.
Chapter 2 relates differences in the definition of metalinguistic awareness and its function in
language acquisition/learning to the theoretical models outlined in Chapter 1. A socio-cultural
viewpoint, it is argued, which views metalinguistic awareness arising out of the progressive
decontextualisation of functional variants, is the most useful in interpreting existing data.
Chapter 3 seeks to build on Chapter 2 by developing a more elaborated model of the role of
metalinguistic awareness in the emergence of 'parasitic' language skills within a socio-cultural
paradigm. The model examines the interdependence of skill and knowledge in the child's
expanding linguistic repertoire and suggests a taxonomy of 'meta' processes facilitating such an
expansion.
Chapter 4 addresses the variability of metalinguistic skills among children in terms of their
semiotic experience and, largely through a reconsideration of Bernstein's theory of codes, explores
the implications of such variability for educational development.
After a critical review of past practice, Chapter 5 proposes guidelines for the integration of
KAL into the curriculum based upon the notion of the learner as 'reflective practitioner'. Chapter 6
concretises this approach by seeking to link differences in pedagogy between L1 and L2, and within
L2 between second and foreign language learning, with differences in the extent of 'reflective
practice' required.
In conclusion, tentative suggestions are considered regarding the implications of such an
approach for Initial Teacher Education.


The hollow cathode lifetime is largely determined by the dissipation of the active emitter material and the ion-induced sputtering erosion. These two critical factors are involved in the physical mechanisms of the internal energy balance and plasma energy transfer to the cathode walls. Based on particle kinetic dynamics and behaviour statistics, a plasma energy balance and transfer model for the hollow cathode was established. The hollow cathode discharge process and steady-state plasma parameters were investigated by employing the self-consistent full particle-in-cell approach combined with Monte Carlo collisions. Relevant 2D numerical simulations for the partially ionized gas in hollow cathode were performed. The calculated parameters of the plasma energy balance and transfer model mainly include the plasma potential, plasma density, particle velocity, resistivity distribution, ohmic heating and electric-field work. In the full particle-in-cell code, the hollow cathode operated at a planar diode regime with a discharge current of 10.0 A and a gas flow rate of 3.5 sccm. The simulation results show that the electric field power is 85.9 W in the insert region, 37.5 W in the orifice region and 147.4 W in the plume region, respectively. The work performed by the electron pressure gradient in the insert region, orifice region and plume region is in the ratio of about 1.2:1:5.3. The ion kinetic-energy flux is negligible compared with the electron kinetic-energy transfer.


Suppose we want to estimate the response curve using a kernel estimator. When we perform an experiment to estimate the response curve, we usually decide on the location of all the design points in advance of the experiment. Müller and Schmitt (1988) propose the optimal design, but in practice, we need some prior information about response curve to construct such a design. Park and Faraway (1998) present the sequential design for the global bandwidth estimator and show that their sequential design is asymptotically equivalent to the optimal design and is more efficient than the evenly spaced design. However, the sequential design points will be unequally spaced and so using a global bandwidth may not be appropriate. In this paper, we present the sequential design for the local bandwidth response curve estimator.


The solubility of NiO in molten Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, and Rb/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ was measured at 910C as a function of the basicity or -log ed (O/sup 2-/) of the salt. The basicity was controlled by varying the rhoCO/sub 2/ in the gas phase above the melt. Acidic and basic dissolution were observed in all salts except Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, which underwent only basic dissolution. The slopes of the solubility lines in both acid and basic regime were related to the dissolution products where possible. The dependence of NiO solubility on the activity of O/sub 2/ in the system was determined for both regimes of all the melts.


As Holocene river deltas continue to experience sea-level rise, sediment carried by distributary channels counteracts delta-plain drowning. Many deltas worldwide are subject to tidal action, which strongly affects the morphology of distributary channels and could also influence their mobility. Here we show, through physical laboratory experiments, that distributary-channel mobility can be dramatically reduced in systems affected by tides in comparison to an identical system with no tides, and that the mobility of distributary channels decreases as the ratio of tidal to fluvial energy increases. This effect occurs even if new accommodation space is created by rising relative sea level. By analyzing synthetic stratigraphy derived from both digital elevation data and time-lapse photography, we show also that the reduction of channel mobility in tidal deltas increases channel stacking and connectivity in the stratigraphic record.


We present here a dynamic version of the standard IS-LM model. As in the traditional static version of the model, it is considered the existence of two markets: the goods and service markets and the money market. The macroeconomic equilibrium in this setup is represented by the existence of equilibrium in both markets simultaneously. Additional to the IS equation and the LM equation presented in the static version, the model includes two additional equations accounting for the dynamic adjustment in output and prices. The model economy is represented by the following four equations:


This paper deals with an  epidemic model that incorporates constant recruitment rate and disease caused death. We consider the saturating contact rate of individuals contact given by Heesterbeek and Metz 1 . The model for carrier-dependent infectious diseases, like cholera, diarrhea etc. caused by direct contact of susceptibles with infectives as well as by carriers is proposed and analyzed assuming the logistic growth of carrier population. Stability analysis of this model is carried out using usual theory of nonlinear differential equation. The criteria for asymptotic and global stability of an interior equilibrium are obtained. By computer simulation it is shown that if the growth rate of recovery and intrinsic growth rate of carrier population increase, the infective human population decreases and increases respectively. It is concluded from the analysis that if the death rate of carrier population increases, both of the infective and carrier population decreases.


We adopt a reactive multiagents approach using the OMT/MOORE modeling method and programming with reactive objects to improve reactivity within a production control structure.


the resulting challenges to traditional social and cultural values have been important to native Americans since first contact with Europeans, and the papers in this book fill in more of the details in those adaptations. Certainly, the historical cases examined serve as useful reminders that paternalistic bureaucracies and their imposition of negative incentive systems have bedeviled native communities throughout American history, and recommend caution for native peoples entering negotiations with governments and corporate America over resource development.


Many engineering departments often struggle with meeting "the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context" (outcome h) that is required by ABET. The already packed curricula provide few opportunities to offer meaningful experiences to address this outcome, and most departments relegate this requirement to an early cornerstone or later capstone design experience as a result, making these courses an ineffective "catch all" for many ABET requirements. We address this issue by using the paradigm of product archaeology, defined as the process of reconstructing the lifecycle of a product — the customer requirements, design specifications, and manufacturing processes used to produce it — to understand the decisions that led to its development. By considering products as designed artifacts with a history rooted in their development, we embed context as a central component in developing design solutions. Specifically, in our work we have implemented several approaches to integrate contextual thinking into a senior level engineering design course. Following Kolb's model of experiential learning and an instructional framework adapted for product archaeology (inclusive of evaluate-explain-prepare-excavate activities) we have restructured the course to embed specific and targeted reflection, dissection, and analysis activities so that students teams effectively address the global, economic, environmental, and societal factors in their design solutions. This paper provides the theoretical framework of our instructional approach, describes the specific instructional activities we implemented, and results from our pre and post survey assessments that describe the impact on students' understanding of contextual as well engineering design topics.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The utility model provides an emulsion explosive charging machine. The emulsion explosive charging machine comprises a frame, an automatic hole alignment system, a pipe feeding and withdrawing system and a material transmission and sensitization system, wherein the automatic hole alignment system comprises a camera, a large remote control arm and a remote control operating platform; the pipe feeding and withdrawing system comprises a pipe coiling machine, a pipe discharging machine and a pipe feeding device, the axis of the pipe coiling machine is provided with a rotating joint, and the rotating joint is composed of a fixed joint and a flexible joint; the flexible joint is connected with an outlet of a material transmission pump, the fixed joint is connected with an explosive conveying hose, and the rotating joint has an annular channel structure, so that a sensitizing agent and a sensitization accelerant are isolated by an emulsion matrix and are conveyed in a same stream tube layering manner; a storage material in a material storing tank is pumped through the material transmission pump so as to be conveyed to a cannon hole through the rotating joint, the explosive conveying hose and a pipe-type mixer arranged at the tail end of the explosive conveying hose. The charging machine adopts hydraulic pressure four-wheel drive, the long-range control on the automatic hole alignment, feeding and withdrawing of the explosive conveying hose, and charging and charging parameters of the cannon hole are realized through the remote control operating platform, the degree of automation of the whole machine is high, an explosive is sensitized in the cannon hole, and inherent safety is high.


Solarflare Communications, a purveyor of high-performance Ethernet silicon , recently announced Solarstorm, a low-power 10-Gigabit Ethernet controller that operates at 2.2 watts. In addition, the company introduced an IEEE 802.3an-compliant 10GBASE-T server adapter reference design, along with 10GBASE-CX4 and XFP optical server adapter reference designs. Solarstorm's 10GBASE-T design supports distances of greater than 100 meters on UTP Category 6A cabling. All the reference designs, which are available in a low-profile PCI Express format, include schematics, bills of materials, layout files, critical components lists, and errata logs. Solarstorm is also compatible with Intel's QuickData Technology platform. For complete product details, including a downloadable brochure, visit www.solarflare.com. Perforce Software's latest software configuration management system includes new server features such as file tamper checking, configurable submit behavior, automatic labeling, and more. Perforce Server Release 2007.1 also manages access to versioned files, tracks user operations, and records all activity in a centralized database. Several other toolkits round out the Perforce suite. includes a built-in merge feature, as well as Perforce's revision graph and time-lapse view tools. The Perforce command-line client, P4, is highly scriptable and available on a wide variety of platforms. Reporting tools— including Crystal Reports, Microsoft Access, and Microsoft Excel—can access the Perforce database through an ODBC driver. Perforce Release 2007.1 also features an administration tool for managing users and groups via a graphical interface and assigning permissions to files and folders within the depot. Symmetricom, a supplier of network synchronization and timing solutions, recently introduced its XLi IEEE 1588 Grandmaster Clock with GPS. Intended for exacting time protocol test-and-measurement applications , the box uses the IEEE 1588 protocol to ensure accurate synchronization over Ethernet LANs. A standard time interval function in the Grandmaster measures the interval between the Grandmaster 1-PPS pulse(s) and the rising edge of an external IEEE 1588 slave. This measurement is generated as an ASCII string and is output every second via serial port or by using a Telnet session. The lag time indicates how well a slave clock can be synchronized to the Grandmaster. The XLi Grandmaster also can measure time degradation through hubs and switches, characterizing them before network deployment. According to Symmetricom product data, switches, in particular, can add unpredictable latency and jitter to packet transit times. As a result, slave synchronization accuracy can be degraded. To learn more about Symmetricom, including the XLi IEEE 1588 Grand-master Clock with GPS, visit www. symmttm.com. Xilinx recently …


No aspect of clinical medicine is more dramatic than the presentation of severe infection with vasomotor collapse, and none more difficult to evaluate and to treat successfully. Every clinician has seen patients with high fever, coma, and undetectable blood pressure, has given the inevitable hopeless prognosis, and yet has seen some patients recover after antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrobial drugs, when first introduced, deserved to be called "miracle drugs." Unhappily, in severe sepsis, such miracles have been sporadic and unpredictable, and the search goes on for a better understanding and treatment of the complex events that occur in severe infection. When adrenal . . .


IT HAS BEEN MORE THAN TEN YEARS since I published an article, "Teaching Dramatic Literature,' in which I argued, with many examples and only occasionally controlled enthusiasm, that using performance in a college classroom was not merely a desirable but a necessary way of getting students involved in what drama is really about. At the time, I knew that I was drawing on the work of other people, particularly J. L. Styan, Morris Eaves, and Charles Hallett; yet I must have sounded a bit like Miranda exclaiming at the "brave new world" and not hearing the quiet whisper of Prospero, " 'Tis new to thee." So it is perhaps only fair that this spring another article entitled "Teaching Dramatic Literature"2 has appeared which, though differing from mine in a few specific details (I believe in memorized scenes, Susan McCloskey does not; I encourage students to select their own scenes, she chooses scenes to emphasize particular points), presents a number of the same ideas, and makes similar arguments about the value to the student of this opportunity to interpret the play. As Andrew McLean pointed out in 1979,3 this way of teaching has really been around for years, whether one goes back to Caldwell Cook's The Play Way: An Essay in Educational Method (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1919) or looks to the many books dealing with the use of performance in secondary schools, of which Christopher Parry's English Through Drama: A Way of Teaching (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1972) is an admirable representative. We have to realize that re-discovery, rather than discovery, is going on. But that realization then prompts a series of questions. Why is the use of performance in the classroom something that seems constantly new and available for discovery? Is it such an ephemeral or personal technique that it simply doesn't last? What makes such an approach attractive-and, contrariwise, why does it seem for some people such a waste of time?


Foreign immigration in Italy represent a recent phenomenon if compared with other European contexts, and marks an inversion in the trends of previous flows, which had seen Italians as part of massive moves to other continents. Due to the Italian physical conformation itself, and due to the long tradition of emigration to other countries of its inhabitants, Italy has always been a country of easy access for non-regulated immigration. Just in very recent times, and much later than the most part of other European countries, borders, and also maritime borders, have been covered by stricter controls, and an increasingly restrictive legislation has developed on migration. However, the perception of new entries as an emergency fact, and for this reason to be managed with exceptional interventions, more than with a long-term planning, kept on characterising immigration management in Italy. As a consequence of this, both the intervention on a local scale, made by voluntary associations as by other relief organisations as by Italian employers, and the public perception of migratory phenomenon has been largely influenced by an emergency and exceptionality "syndrome"1, often loosing grasp on the structural reasons of migration itself and the necessity of foreign workers for the Italian labour market. In the last decades, therefore, immigration led to a forced revision of various aspects of Italian life, both on an institutional side (as can be seen in the successive laws on the topic) and on a cultural, identitary side and on local development. At the moment, the percentage of foreign population on the total Italian population, is around 2,4% (national data), percentage which is quite low comparing with other European countries2. However, the distribution of foreign residents is very uneven in the country, with a much higher concentration in Northern Italy (58,7% of the total in 20022) where economical structure is a very attractive pole for immigrant workers, which on the other side are needed for its economical development and for the maintenance of the same levels of economic growth. Moreover, there are very high peaks of foreign presences in some specific areas (for instance in Milan Province, with a 10% of total population), corresponding with the best job opportunities, and therefore with the needs of local labour market. Italy, and in particular the North East, one of the areas which are most involved with migratory phenomenon, had to face new problems and to find new solutions, which constitute an interesting model to be examined in this occasion for its peculiarity if compared with other immigration management systems in Europe and in the world. In this paper some aspects of the Italian case will be examined, focusing on the North East for its singularity in the Italian context. We will highlight the frequent use of regularisation policies and the consequent problems that this legal system may create in the migration management. For instance how such a frequent use of these kind of interventions can be interpreted as a clear signal of a bad management and of a lack of coordination between public administration and the effective needs of the country's economy. Secondly, we will explain cultural mediation as a typically Italian method of immigrants' integration in public services, that is grounded in an ideology of cultural difference in the equality of rights and duties, in which immigrants have to be integrated in the society as individuals more than as a cultural or ethnical group. The third paragraph will analyse how in the Italian case, most of the services supplied to foreigners are organised on a local scope by voluntary, or anyway private associations, often in response to a lack in public interventions that may cover the immigrants' needs. We will see how, while on one side these voluntary or charitable networks have a positive effect on local society too, creating local networks and involving citizens in their activities, on the


The main aim of this chapter is to speculate on the 'know-how' or competence that social professionals need to acquire so as to address wicked problems that involve marginalised young people. Originally, it was assumed that the chapter would be quite easy to write, as it was felt that Knight and Page's (2007) 'wicked competences' framework could be extensively exploited. But this work, in fact, has a rather different emphasis. Attention thus returned to the original presentation of the characteristics of wicked problems (Rittel & Webber 1973); vignettes of these features likely to turn up in social professional work with marginalised youth were devised. Reflections on the social professional 'know-how' or competence needed to respond to these
features of wicked problems are offered. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the implications of the theory of wicked problems for competent social professional practice.


Optical microscopy is used to observe magnetic field driven chaining of Janus nanofibers electrospun from CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 sol-gel precursors. Chaining as a function of applied field strength follows the expected power law for diffusion limited chaining at low concentrations. At higher concentrations chain length increases rapidly at low fields but more slowly at higher fields, with a transition at 100 Oe. This change in dynamics means field-dependent scaling exponents, suggesting mass-dependent chaining for low fields and diffusion limited chaining for higher fields. The angular dispersion of the chains relative to the external field direction also shows a transition near 100 Oe, decreasing monotonically at higher fields. These results suggest that assembly models developed for nanoparticles need to be modified to properly describe assembly in nanorods and nanofibers.


The paper introduces the principle and characteristics of gas desulphurization.Against the rapid growth of secondary salt,high sodium carbonate consumption,high cost of desulphurization which occurred in the process of desulphurization,we use the way of taking OTS,combined with tannin extract,vanadium pentoxide,etc.to slow down the growth of secondary salt,reduce desulfurizer,catalyst,and too much sodium carbonate consumption.The cost is reduced 20.2%.


Linearly π-conjugated polymers are intensively investigated in both academia and industry for a diversity of advanced materials applications. Polyacetylenes (PAs) and poly(diacetylene)s (PDAs) were among the earliest investigated linearly π-conjugated polymers possessing an all-carbon backbone. They actually represent the first members in an entire progression of linear all-carbon polymers which starts with polyacetylene and ultimately extends to carbyne. Here, we describe the discovery and systematic investigation of poly(triacetylene)s (PTAs), the third class of compounds in this progression. We report both the preparation of longer-chain polydisperse PTA polymers as well as the synthesis, characterization, and physical study of monodisperse oligomers with record lengths extending up to 18 nm. We show how molecular properties evolve into the saturation range with increasing oligomeric length and report several direct determinations of the effective conjugation length (ECL), i.e. the oligomeric length at which saturation of molecular properties occurs. Finally, we present a new class of hybrid oligomers and polymers, with a diversity of chromophores inserted as functional spacers into the PTA backbone for further enhancement of optoelectronic properties.


Abstract Avertical numerical model has been developed that simulates tank experiments of sediment entrainment into sea ice. Physical processes considered were: turbulent vertical diffusion of heat, salt, sediment, frazil ice and their aggregates; differential growth of frazil-ice crystals; secondary nucleation of crystals; and aggregation between sediment and ice. The model approximated the real size distribution of frazil ice and sediment using five classes of each. Frazil crystals (25 μm to 1.5 cm) were modelled as discs with a constant thickness of their diameter. Each class had a constant rise velocity based on the density of ice and drag forces. Sediment grains (1–600 μm) were modelled as constant density spheres, with corresponding sinking velocities. The vertical diffusion was set constant for experiments based on calculated turbulent rms velocities and dissipation rates from current data. The balance between the rise/sinking velocities and the constant vertical diffusion is an important feature of the model. The efficiency of the modeled entrainment process was estimated through α, an aggregation factor. Values for α are in the range 〈0.0003, 0.1〉, but average values are often close to 0.01. Entrainment increases with increasing sediment concentration and turbulence of the water, and heat flux to the air.


The presence of severe peripheral vascular disease may necessitate inserting an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) directly Into the ascending aorta. As positioning an 1ABP into the descending aorta may be hazardous and difficult through the ascending aorta, this experimental study sought to determine the effects of positioning an IABP in the ascending aorta on myocardial recovery during urgent surgical revascularization. The second and third diagonal coronary arteries in 30 pigs were occluded with snares for 90 min followed by 30 min of cardioplegic arrest and 180 min of reperfusion with the snares released. During the period of coronary occlusion, ten pigs received an IABP in the descending aorta, ten had an ascending aorta IABP and ten received no IABP support. The best recovery of wall motion, least tissue acidosis and lowest area of necrosis occurred when an IABP was positioned in the ascending aorta. It is concluded that myocardial recovery is enchanced when an IABP is positioned in the ascending aorta during urgent surgical revascularization.


As research on social networks has grown expo nentially over the past few decades (Borgatti & Halgin, 2011), social network theory has become an important theoretical paradigm in many social sciences disciplines and beyond (Borgatti, Mehra, Brass, & Labianca, 2009). Within organizational research, social network theory has been used to understand and explain a wide range of managerial and organizational phenomena, including individual creativity, ethical behavior, career mobility, tech nology adoption and organizational innovation, profitability, and marketentry choices (see Brass, Galaskiewicz, Greve, & Tsai, 2004, for a review). A core insight from network research is that social actors, whether individuals or collectives (e.g., work teams or organizations), are connected via social relationships, and the qualities and patterning of these ties influence actor behavior and outcomes, and the evolution of the ties and networks them selves (Brass et al., 2004). A primary reason for the growth of social network research is that the tools of network analysis can be applied to phenomena at any level of analysis, including individuals, groups, business units, firms, industries, and countries (Wasserman & Faust, 1994). As long as the analyst can conceptualize the phenomenon of interest as a network—a system of nodes in which some nodes are connected to other nodes by a particular type of relationship—then the tools of network analysis and social network theory may be brought to bear. Although this conceptual and methodological flexibility has contributed to a rapid increase in social network research within different levels of analysis, research across levels of analysis is almost nonexistent. This lacuna is surprising given the multilevel, embedded nature of organizational networks. Nodes in organizational social networks can be individuals or collectives, such as teams, departments, divisions, subsidiaries, and organizations. These nodes represent nested systems because organizations are multilevel systems of relationships (Hitt, Beamish, Jackson, & Mathieu, 2007). Nodes at lower levels of analysis are, at least partially, nested in higher level collectives, and these collectives are themselves networks of nodes at lower levels of analysis (Harary & Batell, 1981). For example, individuals are nested in teams, which can vary in the pattern of social ties among their members. Teams are nested in organizational units, such as departments, which consist of teams that are professionally connected to one another. Organizations themselves are embedded in networks of interorganizational relationships, such as strategic alliances, which can vary in the connectedness of organizational members. Despite their inherent multilevel nature, most research has ignored this aspect of organizational social networks and how it may influence phenomena of interest (Lomi, Robins, & Tranmer, 2016).


London's views of the London slums and not enough on the Portsmouth ministrations of Father Dolling. Beaven also needs to think more deeply about the role of popular imperialist organizations. His discussion of the Primrose League relies on Janet Robb's study, which was published in 1942. He could have supplemented Robb with a check for local primary references in the Primrose League papers at the Bodleian Library at Oxford or more recently published secondary sources. Overall, Beaven's book is one of the better recent contributions in the Studies in Imperialism series. By shifting his gaze from the usual national level of such studies to the locality of three provincial cities, Beaven has revealed that popular imperialism was not monolithic nor was it unchanging. His intraurban comparisons yield some fascinating contrasts in the way the imperial message was disseminated by local elites and received by local audiences. He might have expanded his own lens to take new analytical categories like gender into account and given a bit more thought to questions of race. Nevertheless, by so thoroughly comparing the empire's varied presence in three disparate communities, Beaven has added an important chapter to the study of popular imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.


Abstract A rapid, precise and selective method is described for determination of penicillin derivatives - Penicillin derivatives are separated from closely related degradation products on reversed phase C18 thin layer by using solvent system methanol - aqueous KH2PO4 acetonitrile (8:4 : 1). The pH was adjusted to pH 4.1 ± 0.05. The plates were air dried and measure on spectrodensitometer at 230 nm wavelength. The results of analysis show good agreement with official methods.


The following information is missing from the Funding section: This work is supported by grants R01CA148994, R01CA174723, R01 EB017213, and R01CA168575 from the National Institutes of Health-National Cancer Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


In order to eliminate the considerable loss of rice by insects, to protect the human body from toxin excreted by some microbes, and to promote the storage efficiency of rice by employing the irradiation, the following experiments were carried out. Two varieties of rice, Paldal and Nongkwang polished and unpolished by the conventional methods and were packaged in polyethylene bags. After irradiating to the doses of 6-400 Krad of gamma-radiation from a source the samples were stored at the room temperature for 8 months. The effects of radiation in terms of the removal of insects and microbes and the changes of chemical components (such as moisture, amylose, free sugar, and rancidity) were determined monthly from march to October during the storage. 1) Infestation of insects was greatly influeneed by the packaging materials used. There was no infestation in rice being packaged in a polyethylene bag, while as the rice packaged in a straw sack was infested in two months of the storage. 2) Some yeast and molds survived 400 K rad of radiation. Sterilizing dose to inhibit reproduction and growth of microbes was presumed to be higher than 400 K rad. Yeast mainly were found on the surface of rice, but mold were embeded into rice kernels by mycelium. 3) Changes of moisture contents during storage was not affected by radiation but was by humidity of the storage room. 4) Amylose content in starch increased with increasing dose of radiation and with the length of storage time, indicating possible depolymerization of starch molecules. 5) Free reducing sugar content was not affected by radiation and decreased with storage time. 6) Rancidity also increased with does and storage time.


New Zealand's first woman Prime Minister remains an enigma to many, despite her almost daily exposure on television. In this biography, the author has produced a comprehensive and absorbing account of the life, times and character of the real Helen Clark. This account explains how the daughter of a conservative, National-voting farming family became a left-wing student activist; how she was transformed from a seemingly dry and brittle academic into a popular, media-savvy and charismatic leader; how she moulded a disparate group of factions into a cohesive coalition. Here is the authoritative inside story on her personal relationships; on her role in the Lange/ Douglas Government; the attempted coup against her in 1996; her tears at Waitangi; her encounters with the world's most powerful leaders, and much more.


Scenarios for professional identity development are studied using level-based sociological analysis, i.e., at a social micro-level in a group of peer professionals and at an institutional macro-level in a social and professional structure of a megapolis. Based on the research, in which 'white collar' workers were chosen as a reference group, the authors conclude that a professional identity in a megapolis experiences multidirectional influence of imitative professionalism. In addition, an identification model matrix is formed that focuses on professional identity as a self-identification that self-attributes to a group of professionals as a power with active social and civil position. The discovered trends are reviewed at macro- and micro-levels.


This paper examines two aspects of productivity growth in Canada's broadcasting and telecommunications industry. The first is the extent to which aggregate MFP growth in the sector came from scale economies as opposed to technical progress. The second is the extent to which aggregate labour productivity growth and MFP growth came from within-firm growth, and from the effect of reallocation due to firm entry and exit and within incumbents' the dynamic forces associated with competitive change.


THE association of the characteristic vesicular eruption of hand, foot and mouth disease with the excretion of Coxsackie A16 virus was first established during an outbreak in Toronto in 1957 (Robinson, Doane and Rhodes, 1958). [n the last nine years further outbreaks have been reported from England (Alsop, Flewett and Foster, 1960; Higgins, Ellis, Boston and Oalnan, 1965; Moiidow, 1965), from California (Magoffin, Jackson and Lennette, 1901), Arizona (Richardson and Leibovitz, 1965) and Denmark (Hjorth and Kopp, 1966). Coxsackie AI6 was responsible for all these outbreaks but sporadic cases have also been associated with A5 virus (Flewett, Warin and Clarke, 1963) and AlO virus (Clarke, Morley and Wariii, 1964).


Letter from Anthony Dey to unknown person: On granting 200 Poles to settle in Zavala's granted land between the Sabine River and the town of Nacogdoches. New York, May 5, 1834. Anthony Dey was the New York attorney for the Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company.


Asia-Pacific abounds in projects and large-scale policies, which place English at the centre of intercultural communication, commerce, and education in all directions. In this context, English-medi...


The aim of the present study was to find out anticancer property of Moringa oleifera lam of the family Moringacease populary called "MIRACLE TREE". Is a native of sub Himalayan tracts of Northern India and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Moringa is nature's medicine cabinet. It is best known as excellent source of nutrition and natural energy booster. The various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flower and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, Anti- cancer, Anti- inflammatory, Anti-diuretic, Antiulcer, Anti-diabetic, Antibacterial are being employed for the treatment of different oilments in the indigenous system. Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal plant used as human food and an alternative medicinal purpose wordwide. Almost all parts from Moringa can be used as source and nutrition with other useful values


Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of diammonium phosphate as a supplemental source of nitrogen and phosphorus for beef cattle. Experiment I was designed to compare diammonium phosphate with mono-ammonium phosphate, urea, and soybean oil meal, as an added nitrogen source to wintering and fattening rations fed to steers. Thirty-two Hereford steer calves were used in this study. The steers were on the wintering trial for 112 days and the fattening trial 168 days. During the wintering trial, the steers were individually fed a low protein ration once daily. All of the steers in both trials received the same basal ration, the only difference among treatments being in the added source of nitrogen in each of the eighteen percent protein supplements. Lot 1 received monoammonium phosphate; Lot 2, diammonium phosphate; Lot 3, urea; and Lot 4, soybean oil meal. The basal ration fed during the wintering period consisted of steam-rolled barley, dried molasses beet pulp, and grass hay. During the fattening trial, the high-concentrate basal ration was self-fed, (eighty percent steam-rolled barley, twenty percent dried molasses beet pulp) . In both trials, the steers received one pound of eighteen percent protein supplements furnishing the additional nitrogen. The steers remained in the same lots and on the same sources of -supplemental nitrogen throughout both feeding trials. There were no significant differences among the weight gains made by the four lots of steers, during either the wintering or fattening trial. Only small differences were noted among the four lots of steers during the wintering trial. In the fattening trial, steers fed part of the added nitrogen as soybean oil meal required 7.5 percent less feed per pound of gain and gained 0.26 pound more daily than those steers fed part of the added nitrogen as monoammonium phosphate. In experiment II, diammonium phosphate and defluorinated phosphate were compared as supplemental sources of phosphorus at three levels of percent phosphorus intake. The levels used were 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30 percent phosphorus of the total ration. The thirty-two Hereford heifer calves used as the experimental animals were divided into eight treatments of four head each. The heifers were individually fed during the 140-day wintering trial. All of the heifers received the same low-phosphorus basal ration, the only difference among treatments being in either the added source or level of phosphorus in each of the twenty percent prothin supplements. The two control lots received a 0.12 percent phosphorus ration. Differences between plasma-inorganic phosphorus levels of heifers fed the control ration and heifers fed added phosphorus rations were significant (P<.05), and highly significant (P<.01) for the heifers fed 0.30 percent phosphorus rations. The differences between the plasma phosphorus levels of heifers fed 0.18 and 0.30 percent phosphorus rations were significant (P<.05). There were no apparent differences between the heifers fed rations supplemented with diammonium phosphate or defluorinated phosphate. DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE. AS A SOURCE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOR BEEF CATTLE by GARY Lo COWMAN A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree o, MASTER OF SCIENCE in


Viagra (sildenafil) must be used in low doses when used with protease inhibitors, especially Ritonavir. Antiretrovirals reduce the metabolism of sildenafil in the liver, resulting in abnormally high levels of sildenafil in the body. The combination does not affect the blood levels of the protease inhibitors. A maximum single dose of 25 mg of sildenafil per 48 hour period is recommended. Drug labeling also warns that anyone with an erection lasting more than four hours should seek immediate medical assistance to prevent permanent damage. Contact information is provided.


The article deals with the peculiarities of political communication from the point of view of text linguistics. The basic conception of this research is the dialogical theory of M.M. Bakhtin. The main accent is made on culturological character of text (discourse) dialogue revealed through regular references to opinions, decisions and events happened during the Stalin's era. The analysis is based on the articles published in «New York Times».


Features of this invented process are the addition of a small amount of gleyed curing agent and nitric acid reductase inhibitor into ammonium hydrogencarbonate, and the formation of an eutecticum or mixture. The procedure of production is accomplished by improvement of prior process of production of ammonium hydrogencarbonate. Fertilizer produced by said process can increase utility of nitrogen up to 25-30%, extends manurial effect up to 40-60 days, reduces the quantity of manure application by 20-30%. Before planting base fertilizer is applied only once, and top application is saved. The increase in harvest is over 10%.


: A neural network architecture for end-to-end autonomous driving is presented, which is robust against discrep-ancies in system dynamics during the training process and in application. The proposed network architecture presents a first step to alleviate the simulation to reality gap with respect to differences in system dynamics. A vehicle is trained to drive inside a given lane in the CARLA simulator. The data is used to train NVIDIA's PilotNet. When an offset is given to the steering angle of the vehicle while the trained network is being applied, PilotNet will not keep the vehicle inside the lane as expected. A new architecture is proposed called PilotNet ∆ , which is robust against steering angle offsets. Experiments in the simulator show that the vehicle will stay in the lane, although the steering properties of the vehicle differ.


A perennial question about the National Flood Insurance Program is: how can participation be increased? An empirical analysis of individual-level data reveals that in a sample of coastal areas the participation rate is 49 percent of eligible properties. Participation responsiveness to price is inelastic, but it has been increased by the mandatory purchase requirements for mortgage borrowers. Easing conditions for participation in the program would probably not reduce flood control measures, such as seawalls, which may degrade beach conditions and coastal ecosystems.


A liquid chromatographic method coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the speciation of methylmercury chloride, mercury(II) chloride and ethylmercury chloride in sea-water is described. The three species were eluted from a C18 column (150 × 3.2 mm id) at 260, 340 and 750 s, respectively, with a mobile phase of 1% v/v acetonitrile and 0.005% 2-mercaptoethanol in 0.06 mol l–1 ammonium acetate pumped at 1.0 ml min–1. The total mercury determined in TORT-1 Lobster Hepatopancreas (350 ± 62 µg l–1) was in good agreement with the certified value (330 ± 60 µg l–1). The detection limits (3s) in artificial sea-water were 0.25 µg l–1 for methylmercury chloride and mercury(II) chloride and 0.75 µg l–1 for ethylmercury chloride. Off-line preconcentration using a dithiocarbamate (Dithiochel) resin gave detection limits (signal-to-noise ration = 2) of 16 ng l–1 for methylmercury chloride and 17 ng l–1 for mercury(II) chloride using a 50-fold preconcentration factor for a 1 I sample of synthetic sea-water.


AIM To study the interactions between jatrorr hi zine(Jat) and warfarin(War),thiopental(Thi) or tolbutamide(D 860 ) and mecha nisms of the interaction. METHODS ①By the slide method, effect of Jat on coagulation time of the mice administrated War was observed; ②By rig ht reflex method, effect of Jat on sleep time of the mice administrated Thi was obser ved; ③Determining level of blood glucose of the mice, effect of Jat on action o f D 860 was observed; ④By fluorescence method, the fluorescence quenching of human serum albumin(HSA) by its interaction with Jat, the interaction dissoc iation constant of HSA and Jat from a double recipro cal Lineweaver-Burk plot was determined. RESULTS ①Jat can prolo ng coagulation time of the mice po War(P0 01). ②Jat can prolong sleep ti me of the mice ip Thi(P0 05). ③Jat can decrease the level of blood gluco se of the mice po D 860 (P0 01; vs D 860 +NS group). ④The i nteraction dissociation constants of Jat and human serum albumin was 7 74×10 -5 mol·L -1 . CONCLUSION There were the interactions between Jat and War, Thi or D 860 . Mechanisms of the interaction may be attributed to Jat binding with HSA, dec reasing the binding of War,Thi or D 860 , increasing the blood level of free drug of them, enhanling their actions or toxicity. The binding m ay be a noncompetitive binding with HSA in other sites, producing a chemical cha nge, decreasing the binding of War,Thi or D 860 .


This paper talks about a simple printed reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio. This antenna can be switched between ultra-wideband (UWB) and two other narrow bands. To achieve frequency reconfigurability, horizontal slots are inserted in the partial ground plane, and their lengths are varied by using ideal switches. These switches are incorporated so that they can be turned ON/OFF independently. The proposed antenna is suitable for cognitive radio as it is capable of sensing whole UWB from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz (7.5 GHz bandwidth) and switching between two different narrow bands viz. 3.1 GHz and 8.23 GHz, and the corresponding observed gain and radiation pattern are also as per the requirement.


The existing Proxy Mobile IPv6 suffers from a long handover latency which in turn causes significant packet loss that is unacceptable for seamless realtime services such as multimedia streaming. This paper proposes an OpenFlow-enabled proxy mobile IPv6 (OF-PMIPv6) in which the control of access gateways is centralized at an OpenFlow controller of a foreign network. The proposed OF-PMIPv6 separates the control path from the data path by performing the mobility control at the controller, whereas the data path remains direct between a mobile access gateway and a local mobility anchor in an IP tunnel form. A group of simple OpenFlow-enabled access gateways performs link-layer control and monitoring activities to support a comprehensive mobility of mobile nodes, and communicates with the controller through the standard OpenFlow protocol. The controller performs networklayer mobility control on behalf of mobile access gateways and communicates with the local mobility anchor in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. Benefiting from the centralized view and information, the controller caches the authentication and configuration information and reuses it to significantly reduce the handover latency. An analytical analysis of the proposed OF-PMIPv6 reactive and proactive handover schemes shows 43% and 121% reduction in the handover latency, respectively, for highly utilized network. The results gathered from the OF-PMIPv6 testbed suggest similar performance improvements.


Balance of power theory provides an elegant explanation for great power alliance formation where states, forced to prevent the formation of hegemonic coalitions that may threaten their own security, balance against the strongest state or coalition in the system. However, history is replete with examples of great powers acting counter to the expectations of balance of power theory, and the theory itself has recently come under fire. This paper seeks the scope conditions for when great powers will balance with the weaker side. We argue that balancing is a costly behavior that great powers would rather not engage in, and only do so when they face a severe threat. Since threat does not inhere in power alone, unthreatened great powers are free to, and often do, bandwagon with the stronger side. Using a unique research design that allows us to observe instances of balancing and bandwagoning, we test these propositions with a censored probit model of great power alliance formation on all Great Powers from 1816 to 1992. We find great powers are more likely to balance when they face significant threats.


By the early twentieth century the machine aesthetic was a well-established and dominant interest. While this aesthetic has been examined in art and in literature, the representation of industrial labor practices and the role of the machine in musical compositions remain largely unexplored. In this article, I use labor theory to frame a discussion of a musical topic of the mechanical in various musical examples from the United States and Europe in the 1910s, 20s, and 30s. Each example imitates, showcases, or features the sounds of the machine, and illuminates the ways in which industrialized labor influenced music. I organize the machine sounds into three categories: music written to sound like or imitate the machine, music written to highlight the skills of virtuoso performers while also showcasing what the machine can do, and music written specifically for machines. These categories encompass a wide variety of performing bodies, audiences, and spaces, evidencing the ubiquitous presence of the machine aesthetic in early twentieth-century music culture. As the discussion of the examples in each part will show, the prevalence of machine sounds in music indicates the widespread influence of industrialization and its culturally dominant ideology, Frederick Winslow Taylor's system of scientific management.


Purpose:To compare the clinical effect of different surgical methods for benign prostatic hyperplasia,including endoscopic surgery and open prostatectomy.Methods:126 patients with BPH were randomized into two groups to receive endoscopic surgery and prostatectomy. The weights of prostates were estimated by B mode ultrasound before operation. The weight of the prostate tissues resected and resection rate were recorded. Various parameters such as IPSS score, peak urinary flow rate, hospital stay were analyzed.Results:In 95 cases treated by endoscopic surgery the mean weight of tissues resected was ( 25.8 ± 16.7 ) g and the proportion of resection was 61.4 %. In 21 cases treated by open prostatectomy the mean weight of tissues resected was ( 39.6 ± 30.8 ) g and the proportion of resection was 70.8 %. There was no significant differences in respect of the weight of the prostate tissues resected and resection rate between these two groups(P 0.2 ). The postoperative hospital stay was significiantly shorter in the endoscopic group than that in the open surgical group(P0.05).Conclusions:Endoscopic surgery for BPH had similar recent effect as classical operation and less complications. However, the tissue proportion of endoscopic resection was lower than that of surgical resection,which may cast unfavorable influence over the long term effect. The newly developed retrograde enucleation method by PKV P is expected to achieve the same optional effect as prostatectomy.


Our project, which was non-traditional in scope and in customer involvement in GUI design, benefited from modification of the standard XP story development and maintenance process. We support these findings with data amassed over three years of such a project. We present the evolution of our augmented process, in accordance with the principles of XP. We present data comparing our use of the standard story process against our modified process, and identify properties of our project which render it a candidate for the alternative process. We hope our results can aid other XP planners in determining if their projects would benefit from such modified methodology, and if so, provide guidance in determining appropriate modifications.


Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a simple, robust and population based stochastic optimization algorithm based on a particular intelligent behavior of honeybee swarms. Non-linear rational model has been one of the most popular non-linear autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (NARMAX) sub-model sets. In this study, an approach based on artificial bee colony algorithm for estimating the parameters of non-linear rational models is presented. The effectiveness of the ABCE algorithm is initially demonstrated by some simulation experiments.


In this paper we introduce and study a new class of hybrid automata, Independent Dynamics Hybrid Automata (IDA). IDA are an extension of decidable O-minimal automata in which also identity resets are allowed. We define the conditions under which reachability is decidable over IDA. These conditions involve the satisfiability of first-order formulæ that limit the interval of time we need to consider to study reachability. In order to prove the decidability of reachability we mainly exploit the decidability of the first-order formulæ which define IDA. Then we introduce the subclass ∞IDA of IDA over which reachability is always decidable. An interesting subclass of ∞IDA is the class of IDA whose flows are non-constant polynomials. IDA and∞IDA are usefull in the modeling of biological systems where it is possible to have variables which continue their flows independently (e.g., input reactants coming from other systems). We briefly comment on how to model bacterial chemotaxis using


Objective To investigate the effect of Simvastatin on bone metabolism in Osteoporosis rats. Methods Fifty four female SD Rats aged 3 months were divided into three groups by randomized block design. They were Sham-operated groups (SHAM), ovariectomized group (OVX) and Simvastatin with ovariectomized rats group (OVX+SIM). When osteoporosis model was established at 8 weeks, Simvastatin were administered orally 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 to OVX+SIM group and normal saline to the other two groups. The rats were sacrificed separately at 12th week and 20th week. Blood sample were collected to obtain serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Ca, P, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and bone gla protein (BGP) at the time of killing. Results The level of BALP was significantly increased in the OVX+SIM group as compared with two other groups at 12 weeks (3.73±0.46, P 0.01). At 20 weeks, the level of BGP in the OVX+SIM group was significantly increased too (9.24±1.98, P 0.01). Compared with 12 weeks, the levels of BALP were significantly decreased at 20 weeks in all groups(2.33±0.77, 1.50±0.34, 2.22±0.28, P 0.05, P 0.01), and the level of BGP of OVX group was significantly decreased too (4.02±0.72, P 0.05). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that Simvastatin can affect bone metabolism and has a general beneficial effect on bone formation of Osteoporosis rats.


Relational program derivation has gathered momentum over the last decade with the development of many specification logics. However, before such relational specifications can be executed in existing programming languages, they must be carefully phrased to respect the evaluation order of the language. In turn, this requirement inhibits the rapid prototyping of specifications in a relational notation. The aim of this thesis is to bridge the gap between the methodology and practice of relational program derivation by realising a compositional style of logic programming that permits specifications to be phrased naturally and executed declaratively. The first contribution of this thesis is the identification of a collection of desiderata that sets out the particular language requirements necessary to support our notion of compositionality. Thus, from the outset, we differentiate between the execution of specifications and programs, the latter an enterprise best left to the likes of Prolog and Mercury. Compositionality is obtained in this thesis by translating higher-order elements of functional programming style into the logic paradigm. By doing so, these elements become enriched with the extra expressiveness fostered by nondeterminism, logic variables, and program converses. Another contribution of this thesis is the demonstration that a curried representation of programming terms in a compositional logic language is sufficient to provide the desired higher-order facilities without the need for either extra-logical predicates or higher-order unification. A further contribution of this thesis is the rediscovery of fair SLD-resolution as a fundamental way to guarantee termination of compositional programs within the confines of resolution. Unfortunately, though, fair SLD-resolution using the 'breadthfirst' computation rule exhibits efficiency behaviour that is difficult to predict. Consequently, this thesis proposes and implements two novel versions of fair SLD-resolution that overcome the deficiencies of the breadth-first computation rule. The first strategy, based on a new formulation of tabled evaluation, restores efficiency by eliminating redundant computation and also inherits the extra termination benefits intrinsic to tabled evaluation. The second strategy, called prioritised fair SLD-resolution, selects literals in a goal from those whose resolution is known to terminate at the expense of the others. Prioritised resolution centres around an original adaptation of an existing termination analysis for logic programs. Although termination analysis has recently been used to verify the correctness of logic programs, its application in this thesis to improve the efficiency of compositional programs is new. To my parents, Elizabeth and Roderick Care, mad to see a man sae happy, E'en drown'd himsel amang the nappy! As bees flee hame wi' lades o' treasure, The minutes wing'd their way wi' pleasure: Kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious. O'er a' the ills o' life victorious! Robert Burns, Tam O'Shanter.


The mechanisms of phase transitions have been previously explored at various theoretical and experimental levels. For a wide variety of compounds, the majority of studies are limited by observations at fixed temperature and composition, in which case, relevant information can be determined only from the behaviors at topological and structural defects. All analyses to date utilize macroscopic descriptors derived from structural information such as polarization or octahedral tilts extracted from the atomic positions, ignoring the multiple degrees of freedom observable from atomically resolved images. In this article, we provide a solution, by exploring the mechanisms of a phase transition between the trigonal prismatic and distorted octahedral phases of layered chalcogenides in the 2D MoS2–ReS2 system from the observations of local degrees of freedom, namely atomic positions by scanning transmission electron microscopy. We employ local crystallographic analysis based on statistical learning of atomic environments to build a picture of the transition from the atomic level up and determine local and global variables controlling the local symmetry breaking. We highlight how the dependence of the average symmetry-breaking distortion amplitude on global and local concentration can be used to separate local chemical as well as global electronic effects on the transition. This approach allows for the exploring of atomic mechanisms beyond the traditional macroscopic descriptions, utilizing the imaging of compositional fluctuations in solids to explore phase transitions over a range of observed local stoichiometries and atomic configurations.


In France, football has become a political issue. Concerned by the decline of French clubs in European competitions, the Government is considering several reforms to give clubs more financial resources to compete with the best European clubs. This paper, empirically based on a panel database, identifies the main determinants of investment in clubs in Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 and considers the impact of the main avenues of reforms. The econometric results suggest that if the proposed reforms (renovation of stadiums, lower taxation, redistribution of broadcasting rights for top clubs) could reduce the financial gap between the best French and European clubs, they would not close it.


The title compound, C14H12N2O3S, was synthesized by mixing 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde, ethyl chloroacetate and tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione in ethanol. The nearly planar thiazoline ring is fused to a dihydropyrimidine ring, which has a sofa conformation. The molecules are connected through weak C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O interactions.


A 45 year-old-female presented with flaccid haemorrhagic bulae all over the body of one month duration which healed with milia formation. The oral mucosa was spared. The bulla spreading sign was positive but Tzank test was negative. Indirect immunofluorescence on human split skin and immunoblotting confirmed the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.


The paper illustrates a reliability modelling approach followed by Eskom Distribution in order to better understand the relationship between the cost of network infrastructure improvements and the expected return on this investment in terms of improved reliability of the network on a system-wide basis. This is achieved by following a pragmatic sample-based approach, acknowledging that the ultimate would be to be able to model each individual feeder in a system in a simultaneous system-wide approach. Our results to date show that the most cost-effective approaches to improving reliability is not always transparent and can vary substantially between feeders and geographical locations. This is a classic illustration of the Pareto principle – in this case 80% reliability improvement for 20% of the cost. Furthermore, significant improvements in network performance may require topology changes; and there is a diminishing return on investment in terms of additional improvement in reliability for more costly infrastructure investments. The preliminary results illustrate that distribution system-wide reliability assessment is the key to optimising investments in order to provide customers more and better service in an intelligent and cost efficient way.


similar to that noted in normal subjects, and is in keeping with the finding by others of a normal adrenal response in acromegalics to ACTH. The low 24-hour (estrogen excretion suggests the absence of adrenal compensation for the cestrogen deficit consequent on ovariectomy. The increased calcium excretion on a 200-mg. intake could be due to acromegaly, ovariectomy, or occult skeletal metastases. The latter possibility could explain the elevated serum alkaline phosphatase not usually noted in acromegaly.


Preschool teachers' professional skills are important indicators in their professional developments.However,there are several misunderstandings in this field,such as obscure definition and unreasonable standards of skills,and neglect of conditional skill training.In this paper,preschool teachers' professional skills are divided into two categories:intrinsic skills and conditional skills.To enhance preschool teachers' professional skills,aprogressive training system with classified categories should be built,and a full range of training on professional skills shall be implemented.


This paper provides an overview of how CFD technology is currently being used in the process industry, and reviews the current technology trends and research initiatives that will make CFD an even more useful tool to process engineers in the near future. The overview is achieved by taking a brief look at six influencing factors: 1) effect of computing technology, 2) model building and mesh generation, 3) mathematical methods and numerics, 4) relevant physical models, 5) validation, and 6) postprocessing and data extraction.


Anodic aluminum oxides (AAOs) are important nanostructures in many engineering applications. But despite their popular use, the important parameters that control their (dis-)bonding to an organic coating are not fully understood. This study uses an original approach that employs porous- and barrier AAO specimens for both chemical characterization and mechanical tests, thereby enabling the distinction between chemical and morphological contributions to the surface affinity for interfacial bonding. A validation for the cooperative effect of mechanical and chemical bonding mechanisms is given in this study. This was achieved by post-anodizing immersion of AAO ' s in sodium fluoride solution after anodizing in sulfuric acid (SAA) or a mixture of phosphoric- and sulfuric acid (PSA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross-section images show that fluoride-assisted dissolution smoothed the oxide surface, removing the fibril-like top nanostructure of the porous oxides, which are important for dry adhesion. However, chemical surface modifications were dependent on the initial oxide composition, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Chemical analysis reveals that the surface hydroxyls of AAO are (2015). We developed a facile route to tune the surface states of sol-gel prepared nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films using ultrathin coatings of titanium oxide (TiO x ) grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The electronic structure, surface states, and optical properties of the resulting ZnO/TiO x films are characterized by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS), reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The surface bandgap of TiO x /ZnO is slightly increased comparing with that of ZnO. More importantly, we found that the surface gap states and interband transitions of ZnO were significantly suppressed by the TiO x layer, which may be useful for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices that utilize ZnO interlayers Highly-oriented, Trigonal-structured Ta believed that single-crystalline substrates with either the bulk or surface structure and lattice constant identical or similar to that of the film being deposited are required for the growth of high-quality crystalline thin films. Recent studies have shown that deposition on van der Waals (vdW) layers can lead to highly-oriented thin films of a variety of crystal structures and lattice parameters. Here, we show that two-dimensional boron nitride (hBN) layers ( nm and c 0.667 improve the crystallinity of trigonal-structured Ta TEM single-crystalline. 1 0 1 2 peaks of Ta 2 C at the same ϕ angles for 1 1 -2 6 of Al 2 O 3 based on which we determine the epitaxial crystallographic relationships between the film and the substrate as Ta 2 C(0002) || Al 2 O 3 (0006) with in-plane orientation of Ta 2 C[1 0 -1 0] || Al 2 O 3 [1 1 -2 0]. We further show that 0002-oriented Ta 2 C thicker films can be obtained by inserting hBN layers at regular intervals during the deposition of thicker Ta 2 C films. to then to 29 and compressive stress of 1.01 GPa showing a nonlinear response with peak power. The NbN nanocomposite coatings with more δ' -NbN phase show higher hardness and better toughness due to the composition variation of δ' -NbN and δ -NbN phases. The phase composition from δ' -NbN to δ -NbN phase should attribute to the delivered energy difference by peak power, and the anomalous increase in hardness should be originated from strengthening of the nanocomposite structure. Transition-metal borides are a special class of ultra-high temperature ceramics. Among these, refractory borides such as TiB 2 , ZrB 2 , VB 2 , TaB 2 and WB 2 are attractive candidates for many applications – ranging from high temperature electrodes, cutting tools, and molten metal containment to microelectronic buffer layers – because of their thermomechanical and chemical properties, their high melting temperatures up to ~3500 ºC, and excellent high temperature strengths. However, these diborides have a comparably low fracture toughness of K IC ~1 MPa √ m (here, basically obtained by in-situ micromechanical cantilever bending tests). diboride materials can be designed – implementing quantum chemistry guided materials design concepts – to allow for a combination of high strength, ductility, and thermal stability, is the focus of this talk. We will use recent developments of diborides – alloys. Recently, these results have been validated experimentally. Single-crystal VMoN alloys, grown by dual-target reactive magnetron sputtering together with VN and TiN reference samples, exhibit hardness > 50% higher than that of VN, and while nanoindented VN and TiN reference samples suffer from severe cracking, the VMoN films do not crack. New DFT calculations, suggest similar toughness improvements may be obtained in pseudobinary NaCl structured transition-metal carbide (TMC) compounds by alloying TiC or VC with WC and MoC, as inferred from the electronic structure analysis and stress/strain curves obtained for the newly formed ternary TMC alloys. O x is predicted to be thermodynamically stable for x < 0.1, although higher oxygen ratios can possibly be achieved with non-equilibrium growth techniques such as physical vapor deposition. Our results show that oxygen concentrations x = 5% and 10% have little effect on the mechanical properties of random V 0.5 Mo 0.5 N 1-x O x alloys, which retain both hardness and ductility. At x = 50%, bulk, elastic, and shear moduli, as well as Cauchy pressure, are reduced by ~25%, but the material is still predicted to remain ductile. For ordered V 0.5 Mo 0.5 N 1-x O x, x = 6% already results in a drastic change in mechanical properties, likely due to disruption of the cubic symmetry. A further increase in the oxygen content yields significant reductions in Cauchy pressures, indicating reduced ductility. However, the Cauchy pressure remains positive for all oxygen concentrations, suggesting that none of the investigated alloys are brittle according to the Pugh and Pettifor criteria. Optical coating (OC) applications represent a multibillion dollar market worldwide; they range from antireflective (AR) coatings found in most optical components and low emissivity windows in buildings and automobiles to narrowband optical interference filters used in telecommunications. As the range of applications of OCs continuously broadens and extremely attractive market opportunities arise, it is becoming increasingly important to develop new nanostructured thin film materials with specific multifunctional properties. Further progress in this fast evolving field is strongly stimulated by a simultaneous action of two forces: a) the " pulling force " represented by the economic, technological and societal needs, including sustainable development, and b) the " pushing force " related to the curiosity-driven nanotechnology combining new design concepts of materials and devices, fabrication processes and innovative characterization tools, where the only limitation frequently appears to be our imagination. This presentation will describe a h olistic approach to OCs based on a broad and in depth knowledge of the interplay between the design, material, process and performance assessment with respect to specific applications and coating system durability in demanding environments. It will review the progress and future opportunities for the use of discrete, graded, and nanostructurally-controlled architectures benefiting from the nanomaterials ' meta-structures, advanced deposition techniques including high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and tailored plasma- and ion-surface interactions, as well as complex systems implementing active (smart, tunable) materials. Tomorrow ' s trends will be illustrated by examples from different fields of applications ranging from passive hybrid elastic OC for ophthalmic lenses, hard protective OC for displays, and optical interference filters for gravitational waves detection to active OC and advanced glazings for energy saving using smart windows, active color-shifting security and authentication devices, Binary carbides of group IV-VI transition-metals are hard, stiff, and high- melting solids with excellent high-temperature mechanical and chemical stabilities and good resistance to wear, ablation, and corrosion. Recent studies suggest that cubic B1-structured group IV and V transition-metal carbides, ZrC and TaC, are not intrinsically brittle and that they can exhibit plasticity under compression. Here, we present our results obtained using a combination of in situ scanning-electron-microscopy-based uniaxial micro-compression tests and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations conducted on TaC crystals, along with density functional theory calculations and finite-element based modeling of discrete dislocation and crack dynamics. We find that the room- temperature mechanical behavior of TaC is highly anisotropic and the operating slip systems are not necessarily those expected based on their Schmid factor. We find that the room-temperature mechanical behavior of TaC is highly anisotropic with yield strengths as high as ~17 GPa for <100> and as low as ~5 GPa for <310> crystals. Interestingly, the operating slip systems are not necessarily those expected based on their Schmid factor. We attribute the observed behavior to the normal component of the applied forces (in the direction perpendicular to the slip), whose magnitude varies with the slip plane and the crystal orientation. This anomalous slip results in the activation of {110}<110> slip systems during uniaxial compression of <100>, <110>, and <310> crystals and {111}<110> slip systems in to the anisotropy in We that in this of Alloying with Al is a common


Flexible thermoelectric micro power generators have been developed for wearable devices such as body area network. Also in order to store the generated power, a micro solid state supercapacitor using thin films composed of graphene nanowall are developed. The flexible thermoelectric micro power generator is fabricated by electrochemical deposition of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3, which is embedded by PDMS, as shown in Fig. 1. A power generation of 4 μW/cm2 are demonstrated from human body temperature. In order to improve the power generation performance, nanocomposites of Bi2Te3 and Au nanoparticles are synthesized by coelectrodeposition (Fig. 2). For the fabrication of the solid state micro super capacitor, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is used to deposit graphene nanowall on a spiral-shaped silicon electrode pattern (Fig. 3). On the graphene nanowall Ru oxide or Ni oxide is deposited for charge storage layer. Areal energy density of ~15 μWh/cm2 and areal power density of ~2.49 mW/cm2 are achieved. Also a wide operation voltage range will allow to the application to energy storage of the thermoelectric power generator.


The self-field from a word line containing a soft magnetic keeper layer in the geometry relevant to magnetic random access memory is calculated by using a finite-element method. A significant increase of the self-field is observed by the introduction of the soft magnetic keeper layer. Furthermore, the magnitude of the self-field is found to vary greatly with the aspect ratio of the word line in the presence of the keeper layer. In the aspect ratio range from 0.25 to 16 but at a constant cross-sectional area of 1 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, the self-field initially increases with the increase of the aspect ratio, reaches a maximum at an aspect ratio of 4, and then decreases with the further increase of the aspect ratio. The present results emphasize the importance of optimizing the shape of a word line containing a soft magnetic keeper layer.


During the international Air Sea Gas Exchange / MAGE (ASGAMAGE) field experiment in the Southern North Sea in 1996, deliberate tracer (DT) releases and simultaneous eddy covariance (EC) measurements of the CO2 flux were carried out to determine air/sea gas transfer rates. When expressed as a function of wind speed, EC-derived values of gas transfer velocity (k) are a factor of 2-2.5 higher than k-values from the DT experiment. Uncertainties in k, especially for the EC-derived values, are large. Possible reasons for the systematic differences and data scatter were investigated using 1-D and 2-D models of the upper-ocean boundary layer and atmospheric surface layer (ASL). Model outputs suggest that the DT method may underestimate k by 10-30%, due to near-surface vertical concentration gradients. The required correction depends on environmental conditions and sampling position relative to the centre of the tracer patch. Chemical buffering of CO 2 renders the results from EC measurements much less sensitive to vertical gradients. However, horizontal heterogeneities in the aqueous concentration field can cause flux divergence in the ASL. At patch scales of less than a kilometre, this flux divergence might account for scatter of 20-50% in the true flux. Additional scatter of a similar magnitude might arise from instationarity of the aqueous CO 2 concentration, if the sources and sinks that cause the instationarity are located predominantly near the air-sea interface.


In this paper, we address the problem of forest fires' early detection and segmentation in order to predict their spread and help with fire fighting. Techniques based on Convolutional Networks are the most used and have proven to be efficient at solving such a problem. However, they remain limited in modeling the long-range relationship between objects in the image, due to the intrinsic locality of convolution operators. In order to overcome this drawback, Transformers, designed for sequence-to-sequence prediction, have emerged as alternative architectures. They have recently been used to determine the global dependencies between input and output sequences using the self-attention mechanism. In this context, we present in this work the very first study, which explores the potential of vision Transformers in the context of forest fire segmentation. Two vision-based Transformers are used, TransUNet and MedT. Thus, we design two frameworks based on the former image Transformers adapted to our complex, non-structured environment, which we evaluate using varying backbones and we optimize for forest fires' segmentation. Extensive evaluations of both frameworks revealed a performance superior to current methods. The proposed approaches achieved a state-of-the-art performance with an F1-score of 97.7% for TransUNet architecture and 96.0% for MedT architecture. The analysis of the results showed that these models reduce fire pixels mis-classifications thanks to the extraction of both global and local features, which provide finer detection of the fire's shape.


People First" is the cardinal principle for the outlook on scientific development, it's cardinal requirement of the instruction of ability in office for the party in power, too. On the principle of "People First", strengthen the instruction of the ability in office for the party in power, we have to put the person in power and the broad masses of the people primary position, therefore, on one hand, we must raise the quality for the person in power and train the carder ranks in high quality of being combined ability with political integrity, on the other hand, we must pay more attention to the interests of the masses of the people and put the broad masses of the people cardinal interests primary position, strengthen the flesh and blood relationship of the party with the masses of the people, build up the party in power for the socialist and the people.


The market is consist of organizations, real and potential individuals who are eager and can afford the products which are in certain categori-es. Markets are devided into two groups as consumers and industrials markets. in this work there is an empirical inventigation on the behaviours of individuals who are in the consumers market. The aim of this work is to inventigate the effects of the customers cut-rate cards with their some spe-cialities on the decision to buy.


Significant progress was achieved with the application of Rietveld method to characterize the crystalline, and nanocrystalline phases in portland cement concrete. However, to obtain detailed information on the amorphous phases present in concrete, it is necessary to analyze the total scattering data. The pair distribution function (PDF) method, that takes the Sine Fourier transform of the measured structure factor over a wide momentum transfer range, has been successfully utilized in the study of liquids and amorphous solids. The method provides a direct measure of the probability of finding an atom surrounding a central atom at a radial distance away. The obtained experimental characteristic distances can be used to validate the predictions by the theoretical models, such as, molecular dynamics simulations. This research focuses on obtained results of PDF analysis on silica fume, rice husk ash, fly ash, alkali-silica reaction gel, and opals.


A population-based study has been carried out in central Italy to investigate the risk of further non-melanoma primary cancers in a cohort of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patients. We considered 1835 invasive CMM cases (93.4% histologically verified) diagnosed between 1985 and 1999 by the Tuscany Cancer Registry, central Italy (1 200 000 inhabitants) and actively followed up to the end of 1999 for vital status and for the occurrence of a second primary. Only cases diagnosed after 2 months (metachronous) from CMM diagnosis were considered. During 7758 person-years of observation, 94 cancers were observed (93.6% histologically verified) versus 73.8 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.56). The risk was similarly increased in both sexes, males SIR=1.31 and females SIR=1.23, and it was statistically significant among subjects younger than 60 years (SIR=1.76) but not among those of 60 years and older (SIR=1.14). Significant increased risks were observed for non-melanoma skin cancers (SIR=3.26) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR=2.74). Physicians should be aware of the higher risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and clinical follow-up should include lymph node palpation. However, the risk for extranodal lymphomas should also be kept in mind.


In this paper, a heuristic approach for classification of the electromyogram (EMG) signal patterns for the control of a two degrees of freedom above elbow arm prosthesis is presented. The rule set has been deduced from a close observation of the trajectory of EMG pattern vector. The basic idea is to take into consideration both present and past position of the pattern vector. At each decision period, a score is given to each motion class using an appropriate rule set and then the class which holds the highest score is selected. EMG signals were picked up from the remaining muscles of the stump such as the biceps and triceps. The selected feature was the integral absolute value (IAV) of the EMG. Experimental results on amputee which are presented show a very low misclassification rate.


Geochemical compositions are reported for Late Miocene to Pliocene granitoids from the Taitao Peninsula near the Chile ridge subduction zone. Major element compositions of Taitao granitoids show a resemblance with those of TTG suites. However, trace element compositions are characterized by low Sr (50‐300 ppm), moderately high Y (10‐45 ppm) and Yb concentrations (1‐5 ppm), and low Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios compared with those of typical adakites, which are presumably produced by melting of young and hot oceanic crust under eclogite to garnet amphibolite conditions. Instead, trace element composition of the Taitao granitoids resembles that of typical calc‐alkaline arc magmas. Based on trace element compositions, together with tectonic constraints, we infer that the Taitao granitoids were generated by partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust in garnet-free amphibolite conditions at depths shallower than 30 km. Our results indicate that slab-melting-related magmas do not necessarily show a HREE-depleted signature, which was used as evidence for slab-melting for granitic rocks of the TTG suites.


Many benzodiazepines have valuable anticonvulsant properties. The regular monitoring of plasma concentration of benzodiazepine derivatives during treatment with the drug appears not only useful but necessary, because of the narrow therapeutic iange and risk of increased occurrence of seizure in cases of overdosage.We studied a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of 3 benzodiazepine derivatives in plasma. After a single extraction of the drugs from alkaline plasma, nitrazepam, clonazepam and diazepam can be resolved and quantified by using an ODS reversed phase column with 2 volumes of acetnitrile and 5 volumes of 1% triethylamine-phosphoric acid solution (pH 3.0) as mobile phase. By adding triethylamine to mobile phase, retention time can be shortened for diazepam and the other benzodiazepines can also be separated completely. The eluted drugs were detected by their absorption at 254 nm. With this method, it is possible to quantify as little as 6 ng/ml foe nitrazepam and clonazepam, 18ng/ml for diazepam with 1ml plasma samples. Complete chromatographic resolution of the benzodiazepines resulted, permitting quantification of all being done within 30 min. The standard curves showed good linearity with ranges 6 to 400ng/ml for nitrazepam and clonazepam, and 18 to 1000 ng/ml for diazepam.The day-to-day precision, established by 10 replicate analyses, yielded CVs of 4.5 to 5.0%. Analytical recovery of each drugs added toplasma was complete (95 to 99%). The most common antiepileptics and plasma components did not intefere with the analysis.


In this paper, a ratio-cum-product type estimator in case of post-stratification has been proposed. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimator are obtained up to the first degree of approximation. The mean squared error for the proposed estimator has been obtained and it has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual unbiased estimator and the estimators suggested by Ige and Tripathi [7]. Theoretical conditions are obtained under which the proposed estimator is more efficient than considered estimators. Finally, in order to find the merits of the proposed estimator an empirical study has been carried out.


Industries are developed day by day. It is required for the development of the country, but industrial pollution is the major problem worldwide. Industrial effluents contain organic, inorganic, radioactive, metals, antibiotics, and carcinogenic substances. Effluents directly or indirectly contact with drinking water and agricultural water and affect human health. Due to metal and antibiotic polluted environment, bacteria developed special resistant mechanism against heavy metal and antibiotic. In future, these bacteria easily survive in high dose and affect humans and agricultural land.


Picking up the thread of an asubjective realism introduced in the first chapter, this chapter focuses on the question of individuation. Because pure experience lacks a transcendental subject as the source of identity, it intensifies questions of how to stabilise and identify either objects or enduring subjects. This metaphysical problem of individuation operates at the intersection between the abstract and the existential. The chapter argues that both Deleuze and Whitehead shift the nature of this problem from one of identifying discrete individuals to understanding processes of individuation that are perspectival, scale-relative, and by degree. The chapter develops three theses that emerge as consequences of this shift.


This paper aims to design a method of multi-source data fusion in multi-target collaborative navigation. First, the respective features of GPS/INS/RS/MO data in the navigation process are clarified. Then a multi-source data fusion method is designed including GPS/INS data fusion with adaptive Kalman filter, RS/MO data fusion with ranging table matching of observation targets, and joint adjustment with fused GPS/INS and RS/MO data. Finally, a simulation experiment is carried out to verify the improvement in positioning efficiency and precision. The results show that collaborative navigation based on multi-source data fusion can increase the stability and accuracy of the navigation service.


Dilepton spectra are a classic probe to study ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. At RHIC energies, the dimuon continuum is dominated by correlated pairs from semi-leptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons and the Drell-Yan process. Heavy flavor angular correlations can be measured through dimuons, which can help constrain the relative contributions from different heavy flavor production mechanisms in $p$+$p$ collisions, and may provide further insight on cold nuclear matter effects in $p$+Au collisions. Measurements of the Drell-Yan cross-section in $p$+Au collisions can provide constraints to nPDFs, and further our understanding in initial state effects. In this talk, we report recent measurements of $\mu\mu$ pairs from charm, bottom, and Drell-Yan in $p$+$p$ and $p$+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV.


The paper describes a study of the transition of contrails into cirrus as simulated by an LES model. The sensitivity of several contrail physical properties to changes in basic meteorological factors including the ambient relative humidity, temperature and vertical shear were investigated, and the impacts of these physical quantities on contrail evolution were characterised. The study is one of the first to simulate and to study systematically the transition of a contrail through the dispersion and dissipation stages into contrail-cirrus. Because it is a preliminary study, the authors use a somewhat simplified simulation that neglects synoptic or mesoscale vertical motions, making it easier


By analyzing fuzzy PID and the idea PID control,the shortage of fuzzy PID was showed clearly.Limited by membership functions,the parameters of fuzzy PID can only be adjusted in a range of with symmetry,and can not meet with the requirement when the control error is in some special stages.This status influences the PID control seriously.In this paper,a new PID control based on fuzzy reasoning was established,then the realization methods were given examples of simulation show that this control strategy has better performances.


ABSTRACT We analyze trust in a game with a double agent and two adversarial intelligence organizations. Greater trust by one organization makes the agent more inclined to align against that organization because the intelligence advantage sought by the agent must come at the expense of a trustor. Conversely, trusting less than the rival organization makes the agent more tempted to double-cross the rival. We identify conditions for a sequential equilibrium where one organization mixes between trust and distrust and the profit-seeking double agent mixes her alignment between the two organizations. When the game includes both profit-seeking and organization-loyal types of agents, semi-separating equilibria are possible, depending on the distribution of agent types and the quality of information about agents' trustworthiness. Pure-strategy trust by both organizations can be sequentially rational only with the existence of loyal types.


Coal mine dust major hazards was the influence of coal mine safety production. Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional mine dust prevention work, the "producing dust precontrol, capturing the subsidence, sealing monitoring" of mine dust control idea was put forward, complete set of technical system of new dust in coal seam affusion technology and equipment, new material and dust on- line monitoring as the main content of coal mine comprehensive dustproof was set up, with remarkable actual dust effect in the field application, which provided experience and reference for the similar conditions of coal mine dust prevention and control.


This paper presents the advances of the EPV Project, which searches the analysis and design of specifications of a new energy efficient urban transport system.


We report progress on a PCS technique that utilizes time-resolved detection to preferentially suppress multiply scattered light, thereby enabling the study of intensity fluctuations arising from low order scattering within a dense random medium.


Next time a thorn tears your clothes or you find large fruits rotting under a tree, try looking to Australia's distant past for explanations. Botanist Lui Weber considers the consequences for plants in a land now empty of giant plant-eaters.