Many of the basic results of HP theory on the disk Δ = {|z| < 1} are proved using the Cauchy-Stieltjes representation 1.1 and the Poisson-Stieltjes representation 1.2 Here, μ:R → C is a complex-valued function of a real variable that is of bounded variation on [0, 2π] such that μ(t + 2π) = μ(t) + μ(2t) — μ(0), t ∊ R, is the Cauchy kernel, and is the Poisson kernel. It is therefore natural to generalize these representations in such a way that some of the basic properties and results carry over. Such a generalization occurs when the assumption that μ is of bounded variation on [0, 2μ] is replaced by the requirement that it is measurable and bounded on [0, 2μ] (cf. [9]). The integrals in (1.1) and (1.2) are then defined by a formal integration by parts. After some preliminaries in Section 2, we catalogue a variety of results which remain valid in Section 3.


Murray-Darling Basin History. The River Murray Waters Agreement commenced in 1915. In operation for 70 years, it was the first intergovernmental water agreement. The Commonwealth, NSW, Victoria and South Australia were parties to the agreement. Prior to this, NSW water law was contained in the Water Rights Act 1896, the Water Act 1912, and the Water Administration Act 1986. The River Murray Waters Agreement was replaced by the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement (MDB Agreement) enacted by the Murray-Darling Basin Act 1993 (Cth) in 1992 and, in 2007, the Commonwealth took management of and control over the Murray Darling Basin through the Water Act 2007 (Cth).


We read with great interest the article by Molla et al 1 exploring the assessment of anxiety and depression in patients with Acne Vulgaris in Medina. As medical students with interests in psychodermatology, particularly the impact chronic skin conditions such as Acne have on mental health outcomes, we appreciate what this article delineates and would like to suggest some changes for consideration, particularly to the study methodology, which may offer more rigorous conclusions about this topic.


CRT (Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique) is a newly developed functional crystal growth technique and has been successfully employed to grow some functional crystals of superior quality, such as antiferromagnetic semiconductor MuTe, IR crystal CMT, ferroelectric oxide-peroviskite KNbO3. But there still remain many important aspects untouched. In the paper, the temperature distribution during ACRT process was first measured accurately by a specially designed set up. It has been shown that the slip ring / carbon brush structure with a magnifying electric circuit and an aid-thermocouple is very suitable for the temperature measurement of a rotation system. The results indicate that liquid phase can remain much longer time for ACRT process than non-ACRT process, and that the temperature gradient G ahead of the growth interface can be greatly increased during ACRT process. For a given angular acceleration α, the greater the rotation speed Ω(max), the steeper the temperature gradient; for a given rotation speed, the larger the angular acceleration, the steeper the temperature gradient. In our experiments, G=2902℃ / mm for non-ACRT process. Ifα=25rpm / s and Ω(max) is increased from 100 to 400 rpm, G can be enhanced from 3400 to 4693℃ / mm; if Ω(max)=400rpm and α is increased from 25 to 100rpm / s, G can be increased from 4693 to 4921℃ / mm. The main reasons for the above variations are as follows: (1) Spiral shear flow and Couette flow in the liquid greatly speed up the thermal transportation rate, (2) Ekman laminar flow ahead of the growth interface seriously compresses the thermal boundary layer.


This paper discusses the effect of a multiple-nutrient fertilizer and a mixture of simple mineral fertilizers on yield increase and forage quality improvement of hayfields under the conditions of the mid-mountain zone of the Republic of Altai. The natural forage lands of the mid-mountain zone of the Republic of Altai are characterized by the predomi-nance of the motley grass-grasses type of vegetation. The soils are deficient in available phosphorus and have in-creased exchangeable potassium content, so it is advisa-ble to apply mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus. The research was conducted from 2018 through 2020 on the farm of the KFK "Yegarmina M.M." in the Shebalinskiy District of the Republic of Altai. In the var-iants of ammonium phosphate fertilizer application and its combination with ammonium nitrate in the rates of 20 and 40 kg ha (primary nutrient basis), yield increase of 24.1-85.9% (0.72-2.56 t ha) was obtained. The mineral fertilizers not only increase the yields, but also improve the nutritional value and forage quality. Digestible protein content in one fodder unit increased by 15-35 g as compared to that of the control. The maximum value of this indicator (116 g) was recorded in the variant with N12P52. Thus, the application of mineral fertilizers made it possible to obtain forages that met animal nutrition requirements.


To satisfy the low-latency requirements of emerging computation-intensive vehicular services, offloading these services to edge or cloud servers has been recognized as an effective solution. Due to the limited resources of edge servers and the faraway distance of cloud servers, it is challenging to provide an efficient resource allocation strategy to balance the latency, throughput and the resource utilization. In this paper, an end–edge–cloud collaboration paradigm is presented for computation offloading in fog-based vehicular networks (FVNETs) by incorporating vehicles with idle resources as fog user equipments (F-UEs). To adaptively orchestrate end–edge–cloud resources in different load cases, a two-timescale resource reservation and allocation framework is proposed. Wherein, a Stackelberg-game-based dynamic F-UE incentive problem is first formulated with the cloud server as the leader and multiple F-UEs as the followers, and then an iterative algorithm is proposed to achieve the Stackelberg equilibrium of the computation resource pricing and reservation. On a small timescale, the joint communication and computation resource allocation problem is transferred into a multiagent stochastic game and a lenient multiagent deep-reinforcement-learning-based distributed algorithm is developed to minimize the sum latency. When latency performance deteriorates, F-UE incentive optimization will be triggered to reserve more resources of F-UEs. Simulation results show that the proposed end–edge–cloud orchestrated computation offloading scheme in FVNETs outperforms baselines in terms of average latency.


The MTS-Landmark 370.10 dynamic and static triaxial test system is used to carry out low temperature conventional triaxial tests at a temperature of -10 ° C and the confining pressures of 0.5MPa, 1MPa, 2MPa, 6MPa, and 8MPa to study the strength characteristics of frozen sands. The test results show that under different confining pressures, the stress-strain curves of frozen sand are strain soften. With the increasing confining pressures, the degree decreases gradually, and the strength has a non-linear characteristic. Based on the envelope theorem, a non-linear strength criterion is proposed in this paper. Compared with the test results, the strength criterion can well describe the non-linear relationship between the strength of frozen sand and confining pressure.


The local financial shortage causes a distortion of the local government behavior. This paper takes the policy of " retention of county revenue "adopted in Fujian province 2002 as a"quasi-natural experiment", and analyzes the changes in the non-tax revenue after sub-provincial fiscal decentralization. The empirical results which contain 195 counties from Fujian,Zhejiang and Jiangxi show that the sub-provincial fiscal decentralization does significantly reduce the non-tax revenue per capita. Fiscal decentralization causes the increase of tax revenue, which not only decreases local non-tax revenue objectively, but also changes the mode of local government collecting revenue and dispels the will of local government choosing non-tax revenue. Based on the empirical results,we propose that non-tax revenue management reform must be established on the basis of solving the problem of the local financial shortage.


In this issue of Liver Transplantation, Oberkofler et al.[1] performed an international multicenter retrospective cohort study to ask whether lowdose aspirin may reduce the risk of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Previous studies have supported the use of lowdose aspirin for HAT; however, aspirin use is heterogenous across centers around the world, and there is no definitive recommendation for the use of aspirin as HAT prophylaxis. This is the first study to examine the impact of lowdose aspirin on rejection in liver transplantation recipients. The study cohort comprised 2365 adult liver transplantation recipients from 17 centers across Europe, North America, and Latin America. The cohort included recipients from 2013 to 2015 to allow for a minimum 5year followup period. Recipients of split livers, living donor liver grafts, transplants requiring aortic jumpgraft reconstructions, and retransplantations were excluded. Lowdose aspirin was defined as 75– 100 mg daily, and two centers demonstrated strict aspirin use, whereas the other centers used aspirin based on surgeon choice. ACR was defined as biopsyproven or clinically suspected. The 1year rejectionfree survival in the aspirin group was 89% compared with 82% in the nonaspirin group. The 1year primary arterial patency rate was 99% in the aspirin group compared with 96% in the nonaspirin group. Unfortunately, the study did not examine or control for some factors that may be relevant to the results, such as the underlying disease process for the recipient or analyzing the results while controlling for the center because each center had its own aspirin use policy and immunosuppression strategies. In addition, although there were biopsyproven rejection episodes in both groups, we do not know the severity of the rejection episodes as the Banff levels of rejection for each group were not reported. Therefore, it is unclear whether lowdose aspirin may mediate the severity of rejection as well as the risk of any ACR. Lowdose aspirin use did not increase the risk of major complications. Given these findings, the authors propose that lowdose aspirin may confer benefits against ACR and HAT, particularly in the first year after liver transplantation. Aspirin and statins are extensively used in other domains of medicine to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, its severity, and mortality. Interestingly, both medications also seem to have a pleiotropic immunomodulatory effect by different mechanisms. These side effects may bring an additional benefit of mitigating immunemediated graft rejection rates in the organ transplantation population[2] or may at least protect them against the vascular effects of rejection episodes, lending support to the authors' findings. Aspirin can suppress maturation of dendritic cells via the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathway, inducing anergy and regulatory T cell activity, thus promoting the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells.[3] A study of heterotopic heart transplantation in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)– mismatched mice showed that aspirin attenuates acute cardiac allograft rejection by such mechanisms.[4] However, the effect on the NFkB signaling pathway was only observed in humans at high doses (1 g), whereas low doses (75 mg) predominantly inhibit thromboxane B2, dampening the leukocyte– endothelial cell interactions and subsequent extravascular leukocyte migration.[5] Statins may also have lipidindependent immunomodulatory effects in organ transplantation. A diverse range of described pathways converge to reduce the expression of chemokine receptors, MHCII, and CD40 in antigenpresenting cells and monocytes, which modulate T cell activation in ways similar to classic immunosuppressant medications.[6] Furthermore, a study of human heart transplantation recipients demonstrated that atorvastatin and pravastatin specifically depleted classical and nonclassical monocytes.[7] The heart transplantation community has embraced the systematic prescription of these two drugs for their primary indication with improved posttransplant outcomes. Early aspirin use after heart transplantation in humans was associated with lower rates of moderate to severe chronic allograft vasculopathy but only in those patients with episodes of allograft rejection. This association was most pronounced among patients with a heightened inflammatory state, namely, allograft rejection, suggesting a dampening effect of aspirin on an Received: 27 July 2022 | Accepted: 27 July 2022


Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a powerful tool for visualizing cellular and subcellular details within living tissue by its unique advantages of being label-free, its intrinsic optical sectioning ability, near-infrared excitation for deep penetration depth into tissue, reduced photobleaching and phototoxicity in the out-of-focus regions, and being capable of providing quantitative information. In this review, we focus on applications of MPM in the field of colorectal cancer, including monitoring cancer progression, detecting tumor metastasis and microenvironment, evaluating the cancer therapy response, and visualizing and ablating pre-invasive cancer cells. We also present one of the major challenges and the future research direction to exploit a colorectal multiphoton endoscope.


In 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,China reached the first rank in the gold medal list,which was the milestone in Chinese sport history and modern Olympic Games history.The spurt progress of China competitive sport had changed the world sport structure,though the developmental road was success,but not be hard to fault.In this paper,the author discussed the value orientation and strategy orientation of China competitive sport after Beijing Olympic Games from five aspects,leaving sorrow sport and entering joy sport,ending anxious sport and receiving confident sport,facing gold medal sport and enjoying glamour sport,regulating Olympic Sport and developing multi-sport.The conclusion can be reference for the long-term development in the sport of China.


This study was carried out to determine the short time series of phytoplankton density and chlorophyll a in relation to nutrients and other environmental parameters in surface waters of Kepez Harbor in the Dardanelles in winter period of 02 December 2004 and 07 March 2005. Average temperature, salinity, pH, specific conductivity, TDS, DO, TSS, NO - 2+NO - 3, PO -3 4, SiO4 and chlorophyll a were measured 9.47°C, 27.5 ppt, 8.12, 42.86 mS cm -1 , 27.86 g L -1 , 9.23 mg L -1 , 27.1 mg L -1 , 0.43 μM, 0.23 μM, 2.91 μM, 1.919 μg L -1 , respectively. Both N:P (1.78) and Si:P ratios (14.9) were significantly lower than the assimilatory optimal Redfield ratio. Total phytoplankton density varied between 8.25E+04 and 4.71E+06 Cell L -1 . Phytoplankton community structure was observed to be controlled by 3 dinoflagellates and 4 diatoms in the Dardanelles. However, also there were blooms of coccolithophoride Emiliania huxleyi in early December (2.36E+06 Cells L -1 ) and late February (1.57E+06 Cells L -1 ) and some silicoflagellates such as Dictyocha spp. in early February (2.36E+05 Cells L -1 ). Contribution of diatoms to total phytoplankton density (48.8%) was higher than the contribution of dinoflagellates (30.9%) and other taxonomic groups (20.3%). Relationships between chlorophyll a and diatoms (r=0.726), between chlorophyll a and dinoflagellates (r=0.579) and between chlorophyll a and other taxonomic groups (r=0.514) showed that chlorophyll a was highly controlled by diatoms than dinoflagellates and other taxonomic groups. On the other hand, short time distribution of phytoplankton revealed that there was growing 7 phytoplankton populations in the winter period. High chlorophyll a, nutrient, phytoplankton density and rational differences between major taxonomic groups revealed that the Dardanelles was connected with the process of eutrophication due to high terrestrial discharges coming from Black Sea surface waters via straits system and international carrying activities by vessels.


Acoustic reverberation in the ocean is due to collective scattering from a large number and diverse range of distributed objects. In this work, a model for predicting the sonar target strengths of an important class of clutter objects, i.e., rocks and sea shells lying on the ocean floor, is presented. The model incorporates a simplified approach, in which rocks are represented by either rigid movable spheres or elastic spheres, a technique which has been previously used to model aqueous suspensions of sand over the frequency range of interest. Sea shells are represented by water‐filled spherical shells. The model predicts scattering strength values for areas of the ocean floor covered by randomized arrangements of rocks and shells, using sizes, numbers, geologic type, and material compositions typically found on the bottom. The scattering as a function of azimuth is determined by coherent addition, and allows both monostatic and bistatic geometries to be investigated. [Work supported by ONR/NRL]


A recent trend in the automotive industry is the introduction of 'x-by-wire' technologies, for example steer- and brake-by-wire, in order to replace purely mechanical systems with electromechanical ones. Clearly, such systems have to operate safely under any circumstances in order to not endanger the passengers and the environment of x-by-wire equipped vehicles. To be able to measure qualitative aspects of x-by-wire systems at the abstract level of architecture, this article introduces a class of timed Petri-Nets which allows for the modeling and simulation of such systems. With the help of a brake-by-wire example, it is shown how aspects like robustness and fault-tolerance can be measured.


A facile approach for synthesizing a carbon quantum dots functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs@CQDs) nanocomposite had been carried out through chemical reaction between carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on each surface. The photovoltaic properties of a quantum dots sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) based on the prepared MWNTs@CQDs active material were investigated. The higher conductivity of MWNTs@CQDs, which is considerably higher than a traditional QDs@TiO2 electrode, allowed the excited electrons to be more effectively transferred from the CQDs to the MWNTs after harvesting photon, resulting in the energy transformed into phonons, and photon losses being comparatively reduced. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of QDSSC reached its maximum value, ∼1.23%, when the thickness of the MWNTs@CQDs film was 5 ± 0.5 μm. This proposed MWNTs@CQDs nanocomposite had the potential for photovoltaic applications as a QDSSC active material.


A photoluminescence (PL) measurement method using boxcar integration in the active baseline subtraction mode has been implemented. It allows for infrared PL measurements with a low duty cycle of the pump pulse, thereby minimizing the uncontrolled heating of the structure under study. The implemented method was compared to phase-sensitive detection by signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting spectra, indicating its superior performance at low duty cycles. The decrease in uncontrolled heating of the structure under study was confirmed by observing a change in the ratio of temperature-sensitive PL peaks of a test InSb/InAs/InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs nanoheterostructure.


The instrument measures optically the dilation due to centrifugal stresses of the bore of a steam turbine rotor under running conditions. The measurements are independent of vibration of the rotor. Light from an illuminated pinhole within an autocollimator is collimated on to a system of three mirrors supported kinematically inside a cylindrical cartridge, which is pushed into the rotor bore of the turbine. Two of the mirrors are fixed to the cartridge, and the third is hinged and connected to a feeler which is spring loaded against the rotor bore. With all three mirrors mutually at right angles, the light is reflected back to the autocollimator in exactly its own path, independent of any relative movement between the dilatometer and the autocollimator. On expansion of the rotor bore, the third mirror is displaced, tilting the returned beam of light. Since the turbine rotor is rotating, the image seen in the autocollimator appears as a circle, the diameter of which gives a measure of the dilation. The preparation of the mirror surfaces enabling them to withstand the conditions inside the turbine is discussed.


Back Propagation (BP) was introduced by Rumelhart in 1986 [1]. BP is used for learning algorithm of MLP and the error propagates backwards in the network. MLP using BP algorithm is well known to perform for the pattern classification tasks. However, the solution of the network often falls into the local minimum, because BP uses the steepest descent method for the leaning process. Generally, if the solution of MLP falls into the local minimum, it can not escape. In order to avoid this problem, some methods to release the solution from the local minimum are required. In this study, we propose a chaos glial network which connects to MLP. We consider that glial cells produce chaotic oscillation which is affected to neurons. This view is motivated by investigations of the Hopfield network solving combinatorial optimization problems with the help of a chaotic input signal component, designed in order to avoid local minima. It appears, from computer simulations, that a chaotic input component may substantially enhance the capability of avoiding these local minima [2]-[4]. Hence, we believe that chaotic signals may be used to further enhance the efficiency of the proposed chaos glia neural network. Furthermore, chaotic oscillation generated from glial cells propagates to the neighbor glial cells. Namely, certain neuron in this network is affected from some of glial cells located at a nearby site. We apply the proposed MLP with chaos glial network for solving Two-Spiral Problem (TSP) and confirm the efficiency by computer simulations.


Systems for automatic assessment of cutaneous touch‐pressure, vibratory, and thermal sensation have been developed. These systems use stimuli which are quantified and reproductible, a two‐alternative forced‐choice technique, and programmed steps to test, score, and report. If normal responses from series of healthy persons have been measured, percentile values specific for test, site, age, and sex can be determined. Abnormality, as in neurological disease, can then be defined as the response which has a value greater than that of the 95th (or other) percentile. These systems may be used to detect and validate abnormalities of sensation in neurological disease and in persons at risk from new medications or from industrial toxins, and to monitor worsening or improvement of sensation in follow‐up of a patient or in evaluation of therapeutic regimens.


In our July issue, we tell the tales of Earth and space scientists as they venture into the field and lab to gather critical data.


Modern states often find it convenient to silence the victims of torture and terror by silencing the memory of sites of violence, or by obliterating the sites themselves. Through a study of five sites of state violence in Santiago, Chile, we consider the importance of place in the healing of individual and collective trauma. Survivors of terror and torture, their families, the families of the disappeared, and subsequent generations each have special needs of therapy and healing. We argue that in each the historic site of violence remains crucial.


Objective To propose the direction of research on the substantial basis of acupuncture effect.Methods The history of acupuncture-moxibustion research was retrospected. Emphasis was put on many years' researches on the mechanism of acupuncture action and recent years' acupuncture-moxibustion serum proteomics researches. The future direction of acupuncture-moxibustion research was looked forward to.Results An explanation was made for substantial basis of acupuncture effect, and its value in life science.Conclusion Research on the substantial basis of acupuncture effect takes the essence of life phenomenon for a strategic start and the response gene and protein in acupuncture effect for a main technologic tactic to elucidate the biological mechanism of acupuncture effect. It has a notable height of theory and academic innovation and is of important strategic significance for keeping our country's international leading position and first obtaining original and independent knowledge ownership in the area of acupuncture-moxibustion research.


This paper reviews the use of light-route microwave systems as auxiliaries to the TransCanada TD-2 microwave system for television and telephone transmission. It briefly outlines the reasons for their use, and discusses the need for diversity reception to obtain reliability. Specific applications along the TD-2 route are described and a review is made of possible future developments.


In this paper, we analyze and improve the so-called synthesis based modeling approach. Taking a look at the literature, compact regions together with wrong continuations define the state-of-the-art algorithm to synthesize a Petri net from a set of executions given by a partial language. Recently, we have lifted the notion of compact regions from Hasse diagrams to Prime event structures, making the algorithm even more viable. Still, in the context of structures with many events (e.g. in Process Mining), the synthesis approach is slow compared to existing algorithms delivering approximate results. We aim to further improve the synthesis approach by investigating new ideas concerning the traversal of the tree of wrong continuations. A concept of socalled rich continuations is presented.


This paper explains what a digital library is and how it is designed to support access to digital contents and services. In a broad sense a digital library is simply an on-line system providing access to a wide variety of contents and services. Contents include virtually any kind of electronic material such as various kinds of electronic media (text, images, video, etc.), licensed databases of journals, articles and abstracts and description of physical collections. Digital Libraries offer different types of reference and referral services, instructional services, added value services and promotional services. The procedure of these services is varied but typically serves the same purpose as traditional library services.


The live, attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) strain 17D vaccine (YFV17D) is one of the most effective vaccines ever made. The original 17D strain was developed following multiple passages of virulent wild-type strain Asibi in mouse and chicken tissue. In this study, we have generated new virological tools to investigate YFV entry and compared the endocytic routes exploited by wild-type Asibi and attenuated 17D vaccine in human cell Systems. We provided strong evidence that infectious entry program of YFV Asibi and 17D occurs through different mechanisms. Interestingly, we observed that 17D enters and productively infect cells that are unable to take up ligands by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Using a series of chemical inhibitors, expression of dominant negative form of Eps15, or siRNA silencing of the clathrin heavy chain -ail aimed at preventing CME- we demonstrated that while Asibi infection was abolished, YFV17D could enter and productively infect cells. These data provided the first evidence that YFV17D can utilize a clathrin-independent pathway; and that vaccine and wild type strains of YFV may enter and infect cells via distinct mechanisms. Using reporter virus like particles, we showed that the mutations located in YFV17D E protein are responsible for the clathrin-independent entry of the vaccine YFV strain. Finally, data obtained from a RNA interference screen identified the kinase DYRK3 and the ubiquitin proteasome System as putative host factors required for YFV17D infection. We validated this finding using different sets of RNAi and chemical inhibitors and presented experiments suggesting a common role of these cellular factors during flavivirus infection.


In article the way of creation of development of the digital twin of a cube part of a rectification column for the separation of a binary water-alcohol mixture, using the software Matlab/Simulink is considered. The technology solution on creation and verification of the digital twin of the available laboratory installation and structure of digital model, which is the basis for the digital twin, are developed.


A rabbit immunized by a culture of killed B. subtilis spores develops almost an equal amount of agglutinins for both spores and bacilli, unless the disorganized remnants of the latter are removed from the antigen. A rabbit immunized with a culture of spore free killed bacilli will produce a potent homologous serum which shows little or no tendency to cross agglutinate in the dilutions employed; the spores do not remove the bacillary agglutinins to any extent after being treated with antiformin, but when untreated they remove them almost in toto. Conversely, an antispore serum contains no agglutinins for the bacillary stage of the organism, and the latter does not absorb homologous antibodies from the serum. Inasmuch as the bacillary agglutinins do not attack the non-acid-fast spores, their resistance to the immunological forces of the body may have an additional explanation to the one usually advanced, viz., the impenetrability of the spore wall. It would seem that the agglutinin reaction is not always applicable as a means of identification of various phases of bacterial life when such exist. For, in this instance, their differences are too great to be measured by it, and it would not be surprising to find the same thing to be true of the more delicate complement fixation reaction.


Rising technologies as wireless technologies, Sensing technologies and Communication technologies transformed the Internet into an integrated network of things termed as Internet-of-Things (IoT). IoT is a network of things connected over by Internet, all the pros and cons of internet are also inherited to IoT applications. Hence, security and privacy of user data is a serious issue in IoT. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism that classifies data into a structural format based on its origin and user and access control lists are created. Using the classification of data and access control lists, data is secured to ensure privacy of data.


William Adorno, "The Attitudes of Selected Mexican and Mexican-American Parents in Regards to Bilingual/Bicultural Education," U.S. International University, 1973. Douglas K. Archer, "The Educational System and Nation Building in Jamaica (1944-1970)," Northwestern University, 1973. John H. Baker, "The Relationship of Student Activism at the University of Puerto Rico to the Struggle for Political Independence in Puerto Rico, 1923-1971," Boston College, 1973. Edward R. Beauchamp, "William Elliott Griffis and Japan: Yatoi, Historian and Educational Educator," University of Washington, 1973. Leul Belay, "An Examination of the Nature of Higher Education in Nigeria," University of Missouri-Columbia, 1972. Gary R. Bietz, "The Politics of Educational Reform in the People's Republic of China: Revolutionary Destruction 1966-1968," New York University, 1972. (Modern History) Bernard F. Booth, "A Comparative Study of Mission and Government Involvement in Educational Development in West Cameroon, 1922-1969," University of California-Los Angeles, 1973. Alexa G. Cameron, "Christian Missions and the Social Reform Movement in the City of Poona in Western India: The Relations Between the Activities of Christian Missions Towards Social Reform and the Activities of the Social Reform Movement in the City of Poona from 1880 to 1920," New York University, 1973. James E. Christensen, "Occupational Education in Zambia: Obstacles to the Development of Technical and Vocational Education Programs in Zambia, 18851970," University of California-Los Angeles, 1972. Sae-gu Chung, "The Political Socialization of Selected Elementary and Middle School Students in the Republic of Korea: Political Knowledge, Political Trust and Political Efficacy," Florida State Univesity, 1973. Nat Joseph Colletta, "American Schools for the Natives of Ponape: A Case Study of the Role of Education in the Development of Cultural Character Among the Ponapeans of Micronesia," Michigan State University, 1972. Pratima D. Desai, "A Study of University Administration in India," Southern Illinois University, 1973. No6 Diawaku, "The Community College Concept: Implications for the Republic of Zaire," University of California-Los Angeles, 1973. Zafer H. Ecevit, "The Flow Dynamics of Educational Systems and Educational Planning: A Case Study for Turkey," University of Pittsburgh, 1972. William H. Engler, "Radical School Reformers of the 1960s," Rutgers University, 1973.


Controlling the volatilization of organic compounds from treatment works is becoming increasingly important as the definition of industrial categorical standards for air emissions by the EPA draws nearer. In this light, specific volatilization rates of several volatile organic compounds (VOC`s) contained in multimillion gallon retention ({open_quotes}equalization basins{close_quotes}) and settling ({open_quotes}primary clarifier{close_quotes}) basins were measured using a flux chamber technique, a method used by the EPA for emission measurement. In this method, the liquid surface within an enclosing chamber is swept with air at a measured rate and the gas is analyzed. The mass transfer coefficients derived from these VOC vaporization rates were equal for the primary clarifier and the equalization basins. Factors were estimated to correct for the different ambient wind conditions to which these basins are exposed. Also it was determined that the rate of volatilization of VOC`s with low Henry`s law constants may be underestimated by the measurement. This is a result of the gas-phase resistance being dominant under the test conditions and the liquid-phase resistance being dominant under normal ambient conditions, and of the assumption that the liquid-phase resistance remains unchanged under both test and ambient conditions. The particular organics studied were acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylmore » isobutyl ketone, isopropanol, methanol and toluene. 7 refs., 4 figs., 9 tabs.« less


A new data-improving method is proposed based on the characteristics of the sine-swept data, considering the uneven swept frequency under the stable sine-swept test. The response of every swept frequency is added up, and the new time data are obtained by performing sampling again. The method is used to identify modal parameters of a satellite. Comparing with the modal test, the results are fairly well, which shows the validity of identifying modal parameters using sine-swept vibration test data.


This paper describes the methodology of a finite capacity scheduling system which uses an objectoriented discrete event simulation es its engine. The scheduling system is developed as an add-on to an infinite capacity MRP system. The system was developed in partnership with a high-end case goods furniture company. The schedules generated by the simulation-based system will be used to schedule all operations and personnel on the shop floor. The simulation methodology and statistics captured are described, along with industrial results. Results for some randomly generated problems are also given.


In the paper, the method of deicing and melting snow by the carbon fiber heating wire (CFHW) embedded in the airport asphalt pavement is proposed to improve the security of airport operation. The field experiment of deicing and melting snow on the airport asphalt pavement is conducted. Deicing and melting snow, asphalt pavement temperature, ice-free area ratio, and snow-free area ratio are analyzed. Electrical power with 350 W/m2 is input to the airport asphalt pavement for deicing and melting snow by the CFHW. In the experiment, 3 mm ice can be melted, and the average infrared ray temperature (IRT) of the airport asphalt pavement surface can achieve an increment of 13.0°C in 2.5 hours when the air temperature is from −7.5°C to −2.2°C. Snow with 3.2 mm precipitation can be melted in 2 hours when the air temperature is from −4.8°C to −3.5°C, and the asphalt pavement temperature can achieve an increment of 5.9°C at the depth of 0.5 cm. The results show that the method of deicing and melting snow on the airport asphalt pavement by the CFHW is practicable in the cold zone.


The result of an experimental evaluation of the K-shell fluorescence yield, omega K, of monocrystalline Ge is reported. The procedure makes use of the information contained in the escape peaks which are present in the characteristic X-ray spectra given by an HP Ge detector. Details of the experimental methodology, peak area evaluations and uncertainty treatments are described. A value omega K=0.549+or-0.011 is obtained and compared with recent values obtained from experiment, theory, interpolation or normalisation. The authors consider the effects of the outer-shell configuration and the use of theoretical photoelectric cross section values.


For three decades, molecular models for water, nature's most important liquid, have been developed and refined by fitting to structure measured by neutron scattering. The decade-old widely accepted structure of water at room temperature and pressure was recently revised as a byproduct of attempts to understand the structure of high-temperature/high-pressure water for which, in a remarkable reversal of roles, molecular models successfully pinpointed inaccuracies in scattering data. Subsequent improvements in analyzing scattering data have led to reevaluation of water structure at normal conditions. This remarkable interplay between molecular modeling and experiment suggests molecular methods can effectively complement scattering experiments.


Information technology, especially the internet, is currently growing very rapidly, due to the increasing number of people who disseminate information through the internet. The development of the number of users of Internet information technology is currently not followed by the addition of appropriate bandwidth, so problems often arise related to the speed of access to get internet services. An easy way to save bandwidth and force authentication on information traffic is to use squid. The use of Squid can be used to increase the need to speed up information retrieval. By using the Squid application, the router can be used as a proxy server for internet web cache. At the time of installing Squid without a proxy, testing was carried out on the https://www.kompas.com url and the results of the first load on a website resulted in a load time of 36 seconds, there was no difference in bandwidth usage and time whether using a proxy server or not, but the second page load on the same site with a faster load time of 30 seconds will save bandwidth. Then the installation of Squid using a proxy was carried out, testing was carried out on the https://www.kompas.com url and the results of the first load on a website resulted in a load time of 34 seconds, there was no difference in bandwidth usage and time, whether using a proxy server or not, but on the second page load on the same site with a faster load time of 16 seconds, it will save bandwidth and be faster by using squid compared to not using squid.


The present work investigates the representation of Otherness in the South African writer J.M. Coetzee's fiction following a Hegelian reading. Among his writings, the novels "Waiting for the Barbarians" (1980) and "Disgrace " (1999) are the selected ones to be analysed. The aim of the present research is to explore whether Hegel's Master/Slave dialectic is applicable to Coetzee's representation of Otherness in the selected works. The investigation first outlines the concept of Otherness. Then, it discusses Hegel's theory and attempts to correlate his concept of the Master/Slave with the Self/Other relationship found in Othering. Both novels portray strong characters; however personal power does not protect them from reversal of status. The history, culture, and political context of South Africa are at the core in transmitting a more complete picture of the opposition between mastery and slavery. South Africa suffered of the oppressive regime of the Apartheid and the recovering from its aftermaths in the post-era was not that easy. To conclude, the South African writer J.M. Coetzee discusses Otherness and the complications of the master/ slave relationship on many different levels by including sex, gender and race.


The subject of this study was the Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana (Renamo) movement, its involvement in the Mozambican civil war, and the way in which Renamo was presented to the outside world.

Renamo began fighting against the Marxist Frelimo government in Mozambique in 1977, receiving limited Rhodesian and subsequently South African assistance. Renamo was the subject of an almost unprecedented propaganda war, and labelled a foreign proxy. The work examines the shortcomings of media and academic coverage
of the Mozambican civil war in general and Renamo in particular.

The study attempts to explain the ·silccess· of the Renamo insurgency, suggesting that much of Renamo' s support was the result of ingrained rural and regional opposition to the Frelimo government. The study traces the intellectual origins of Renamo back to Frelimo itself, examining how Frelimo had earlier been split between Marxist and nationalist tendencies.

The study examines how Frelimo managed to portray Renamo as a terrorist organisation without popular support, contrasting this image with the markedly different first-hand observations of over twenty independent visitors to Renamo-controlled parts of Mozambique.

The study examines how it was possible for virtually every branch of informed opinion to have misjudged the forces at play within the Mozambican civil war. The work argues that Renamo was a genuinely Mozambican phenomena and should be seen as having enjoyed considerably more popular support than had hitherto been accepted. Much of the thesis outlined in the work was borne out by both the 1994 and 1999 election results, in which Renamo won 112 and 117 out of 250 Parliamentary seats.


Phenomena of the pantograph arcing have become a challenge for the further development of high-speed electrified railway system. Despite of the large attention that has been paid to the radiated electromagnetic interference, materials ablation as well as the power-quality decline resulted from pantograph arcing, the specific dynamics of pantograph arcing with a high time resolution are still in absence. In this paper, the pantograph arcing phenomena in a laboratory simulation system were experimentally studied by high-speed photography. Synchronized electrical voltage and current waveforms were obtained to acquire a more comprehensive understanding on the underlying physics. The overall dynamics of the pantograph arcing from ignition to extinguishment were recorded. Three stages of the electriccontact process, from approaching arc, mechanical contact to the drawn arc, were well distinguished. A much intensified drawn arc was observed than the approaching arc. Typical lasting time of the drawn arcing is found ~4 times larger than the approaching arcing for our test setup. Maximum diameter of 3.3 mm was reached at around the current-peak moment. An interesting stable arc voltage of ~23 V was found during the drawn arcing. Intense material splash above the carbon strip was observed during the arcing process. The transient resistance during a typical arcing period was also analyzed, and a minimum value of ~100 mQ was determined.


China's entering WTO will greatly broaden the opening of its market to the outside world,bringing about more complicated competition between diverse trading partners.Accordingly the consumption environment will undergo obvious changes.Therefore,it is getting more and more important to protect the lawful rights and interests of consumers effectively and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.


Fruits and vegetables are emerging fast as most economical and nutritious universal foods. Leafy vegetables are those plants whose leaves or aerial parts have been included in a community's culture for use as food over a long instance. These vegetables are highly recommended due to their relatively high nutritional value. Rumex vesicarius L., a commonly grown and sometime found in wild habitat. This leafy vegetable is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, fibers, carotenes and flavonoids with many health benefits. This present study describes useful information about R. vesicarius L., current research carried out so far and some medicinal properties identified and explored.


This chapter provides an overview of recent changes in the income support system for lowincome families in the State of California, and describes some of the associated changes in the labor market outcomes of women. Although much attention has focused on federally-initiated welfare reform associated with the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), significant welfare reforms were adopted in California in the 1980s and early 1990s. Moreover, many of the changes associated with PRWORA, such as time limits and mandatory work, have only been partially implemented or have not yet had time to reach their full effect. Other income support programs, in particular the Earned Income Tax Credit, have also changed over the past decade. This rapidly evolving program environment, coupled with the effects of the strong economy, make it very difficult to assess the impact of any single component of welfare reform. Nevertheless, the outcomes of lower-income workers and their families are changing. Welfare caseloads in California fell by 50 percent from January 1996 to early 2000. The fraction of welfare recipients who work has risen from less than 10 percent to over onethird. And after rising sharply in the early 1990s, poverty rates among single-female-headed families have begun to fall. All these changes suggest that cumulative reforms in the income support system is having some effect in California.


It has become clear in recent years that widespread and complex abundance variations exist among the stars of several globular clusters, ω Cen is the prime example,, containing CH stars, weak-G-band stars, CN strong stars, TiO stars, and (not least) RR Lyrae stars possessing an anomalous range in calcium line strengths. (Harding 1962; Freeman and Rodgers 1975; Norris and Bessell 1975, 1977; Dickens and Bell 1976; Bessell and Norris 1976; Lloyd Evans 1977) The extent to which these phenomena result from primordial abundance variations or from the mixing to the surface of material processed by nuclear reactions is currently the subject of some debate. The present paper presents a short account of investigations of the giant and horizontal branches of 47 Tue and of several giants in ω Cen. The results were obtained in collaboration with M. S. Bessell and K. C. Freeman, and will be fully reported in papers being prepared for submission to Astrophysical Journal. Most emphasis will be placed on 47 Tue, where we have sought to address four problems. (i) How widespread are the CN anomalies reported by McClure and Osborn (1974), Bell, Dickens, and Gustafsson (1975), and Hesser, Hartwick, and McClure (19 77) both throughout the HR diagram and in relative frequency? (ii) Is there any correlation between the relative frequency of the CN anomaly with radial position in the cluster, which might correlate with the color gradients observed by Gascoigne and Burr (1956) and Chun (1976)? (iii) Is there any evidence for G-band variations similar to those found generally in the metal poor ([Fe/H]< -1) globular clusters? (cf. Zinn 1973, 1977; Mallia 1975; Norris and Zinn 1977) (iv) Are the CN variations accompanied by variations in the abundance of the heavy elements?


This study recruited children aged 13 to 15 years to investigate the efficiency of facial expression by means of a visual search task.Participants searched displays of schematic faces and were required to determine whether the faces displayed were all the same or whether one was different.The results showed that:(1) When displays contained the same faces,children were slower in detecting the absence of a discrepant face when the faces displayed angry rather than happy expression.(2) When searching for discrepant face in otherwise identical faces,children were faster in detecting angry face than happy face.(3) The search slopes for angry targets were lower than for happy targets.These results suggest that the detection of the angry face and the detection of the happy face were serial search.


A new technique has been developed to accurately measure the G/T of a small aperture antenna using geostationary satellites and the well established radio star method. A large aperture antenna having the capability of accurately measuring its G/T by using a radio star of known power density is used to obtain an accurate G/T to use as a reference. The CNR of both the large and small aperture antennas are then measured using an Applications Technology Satellite (ATS). After normalizing the two C/N ratios to the large antenna system noise temperature the G/T or the gain G of the small aperture antenna can then be determined.


We present a mean-field limit of the particle swarmalator model introduced in [ 46 ] with singular communication weights. For a mean-field limit, we employ a probabilistic approach for the propagation of molecular chaos and suitable cut-offs in singular terms, which results in the validation of the mean-field limit. We also provide a local-in-time well-posedness of strong and weak solutions to the derived kinetic swarmalator equation.


Geothermal power generation from subsurface fluids at moderate temperature can now be considered due to technological developments. Hydraulic fracturing enhances the permeability of a reservoir, which leads to greater groundwater production, and increases heat extraction. Hybrid binary power plants, where the fluid that drives the turbine is heated by warm groundwater and other energy sources, such as bioor natural gas, can increase the efficiency of power cycles to produce electricity. Sedimentary basins with groundwater at temperatures from 80 to 120 °C are thus becoming targets for geothermal power generation. One such target is the Cambro-Ordovician sedimentary basin of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (SLL) in Quebec, where the geothermal potential is assessed by defining the depth distribution of permeable rock units within this temperature range. A 3D geological model of the SLL basin was built by combining the regional surface geological map, the structural map of the basement top defined by seismic wave travel times and the elevation of 441 geological contacts identified with geophysical well logs from 164 oil and gas exploration wells. Depths of geological units were extracted from the 3D model and mapped in 2D horizontal planes, over which 41 bottom-hole temperature measurements that were uncorrected have been superimposed. The most permeable rock units with greater geothermal potential are the Cambrian sandstones of the Cairnside and Covey Hill Formations of the Postdam Group that are unconformably lying on the Precambrian basement at the base of the SLL sedimentary sequence. A series of steeply dipping southeastern normal faults, located at the border and within the basin, affect the basement and its sedimentary cover. The Cairnside and Covey Hill Formations are located at depths of less than 1 km to more than 5 km, with an increasing depth toward the southeast. Temperatures between 70 and 100 °C have been measured at depths of 3 to 4 km in these units. The in situ formation temperature can, however, be higher since temperatures were measured shortly after wells were drilled and they may not have reached equilibrium with host rock temperature. Correction of temperature data for this non-equilibrium effect will lead to a more accurate assessment of the geothermal potential of the SLL basin.


PURPOSE: To provide a device for forming a stack extending perpendicular to whole standing, sequential printed sheets. CONSTITUTION: A guide device 6 provided with two support mechanisms 4, 11 which belong as a pressing device for terminal plates 5, 12 of a stack 7 and are driven in different mode along a stack forming section is provided above a stack support 3 extended in a working area of a press, and the support mechanisms are formed as the press to achieve the transfer, to tie the stack support, and to compress the stack in the extending direction in a section continuous thereto.


damage to many older buildings there. Volcanoes and society is a fine compendium of volcanological knowledge, which is well classified and well presented. However, the title of the book is misleading. Only one-quarter of the text deals with the societal implications of volcanicity, the rest is firmly based in the earth sciences. Hence, the social and logistical aspects of volcanic emergencies are presented more extensively in, for example, Blong (1984) and UNDRO/UNESCO (1985). Blong's book also contains a section on mortality and morbidity in eruptions, which is conspicuously absent from Chester's account. Nevertheless, David Chester has produced a very useful addition to the literature on volcanoes and


The complete CAD/CAM processing chain is only gathering momentum with three-dimensional design. The extent to which 3D can have a positive effect on productivity is revealed by the example of a Danish manufacturer of refrigerators. Here, the >Helix< 3D program is being used with equal success in the design of model variants, visualization and the generation of NC programs.


This work deals with a class of delayed port Hamiltonian systems with control law given as a bounded output feedback. A sufficient stability condition of the resulting closed-loop dynamics is obtained combining Wirtingerbased integral inequality and Lyapunov-Krasovkii theorem. This condition is formulated in terms of (parametrized) linear matrix inequality. A numerical example shows reduction of the conservatism regarding literature result.


MgO-Mg2SiO4 composites were manufactured by hot pressing with the objective of producing electromagnetically lossy materials in the 8-12GHz region. The effect of MgO content on microwave attenuation performance was studied with network analyzer. The result shows that the resonant frequencies become lower while increasing the content of MgO. The characteristics of microwave attenuation spectrum of the composites were analyzed by resonant-cavity theory and the result indicates that the resonant frequencies of the composites depend on their relative permittivities which can be measured by reflection-transition method. The permittivities measured agree well with the relative values calculated by resonant-cavity theory. The mechanisms of microwave attenuation were discussed. I. INTRODUCTION Coupled cavity traveling-wave tube(CCTWT) is now the most important amplification device working under high power circumstances and it is widely used in radar and communication area (1). One of the problems encountered in traveling wave tubes of the coupled cavity variety, and especially high power tubes of this type, is a tendency for the tube to oscillate at frequencies near the edges of the tube pass-band (2-5). There are two most common ways to prevent band-edge oscillation (4-5): distributed-loss method and resonant-loss method. Distributed-loss method means that lossy materials were sputtered onto the surface of the cavities so that the energy of frequencies near band-edge can be attenuated and band-edge oscillation will be prevented. The other method has been used to solve this oscillation problem involving coupling to the slow-wave structure interaction cells specially designed small cavities which are sharply resonant at a frequency in the vicinity of a cutoff frequency of the slow-wave structure and providing lossy ceramic buttons in these special cavities in order to attenuate energy at the resonant frequency of the cavity. This technique has a distinct advantage that it's able to attenuate energy at those frequencies where the tube is most likely to oscillate without substantially affecting energy at frequencies throughout the remainder of the tube pass-band. So it is necessary to study microwave attenuation performance of the lossy ceramic buttons.


Qin Liang-yu,heroine of Shizhu history,was thought to have more fighting spirit in the Anti-Japanese War.Qin Liang-yu's image in that period was constructed with new elements: one was that she "was thought to 'resist Japan' ",which subjectively placed the Chinese people's spirit tend on resisting foreign humiliation;the other was that Sichuan Battalion "was considered 'the memorial hall' ",which objectively showed the political function of raising soldiers' morale.


There are numerous papers dealing with modeling of on-chip inductors. This paper presents first closed-form simple analytic expressions for parameters of a single-pi equivalent circuit fitted to measured or simulated S-parameter data in the least-square error sense. The presented method could be useful for quick estimation of the main equivalent parameters of onchip spiral inductors in a required frequency range. This can simplify inductor geometry optimization through iterative EM field solver simulations, by providing an instant insight on nature of the obtained S-parameters. Moreover an equivalent circuit can be extracted for transient SPICE simulations. The proposed formulae have been verified on several measured and simulated S-parameters of spiral on-chip inductors manufactured in various technologies. The results show very good agreement between the fitted data and the equivalent circuit.


A solid state accelerometer having an all silicon sensor for measuring accelerational and gravitational forces. The accelerometer measuring system also has associated electronics that include an analog rebalance loop and a digitizer loop.


Although health care reform is a serious challenge for health care social workers, it also creates many opportunities. Most often, social workers define this type of challenge from a reactive perspective. Rather than think of the impact of health care reform on the social work profession, perhaps health care social workers should ask this question: "How can the profession of social work actually affect health care reform?" Prior to coming to the Catholic University of America in 2002, I was one of the five associate directors at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. In this role, I was responsible for community programs and research that attempted to understand the significant disparities that existed in mortality among all of the most prevalent cancer diagnoses in Baltimore city. I, along with the members of my team, was shocked to learn in the year 2000 that the leading cause of death for African American men under the age 30 was homicide, whereas for African American men over the age of 30, it was prostate cancer. Yes, prostate cancer. Based on mortality statistics for 1997 through 1999, African American men died of prostate cancer at a rate three times higher than that for any other population in Baltimore city. When you read these types of statistics (and there are many other examples in other chronic illnesses), health care reform--in terms of access to care and the provision of health care services--is essential. Today, we need to examine health care reform from a number of perspectives. Let me raise three questions that need to be explored: 1. Has the time arrived for social workers in health care to fully embrace the concept of illness prevention and control and actively involve themselves in primary and secondary prevention efforts? By preventing the onset of a disease such as cancer, or through the design of an early detection programs, can social work interventions actually save lives among the most vulnerable populations? The answers to these two questions are yes and yes. 2. Must social workers adopt evidence-based interventions under the realm of tertiary prevention to minimize the effects of a range of chronic illnesses? The answer is yes. 3. Can social workers design interventions and programs that significantly reduce health care spending? Again, the answer is yes, and this requires further examination. Much research exists that has demonstrated a significant association between cancer, psychological distress, and unsatisfactory quality of life, not only at the time of diagnosis, but throughout treatment and recovery (Worden, 1989; Zabora et al., 1997). It is clear that cancer patients are at risk for the development of psychological symptoms and problems, perhaps to an even greater extent than patients with other medical illnesses (Mishel, 1999). Some of the potential risk factors hypothesized to be involved in the development of cancer patients' distress are social isolation, pessimistic attitudes, loss of control, loss of hope, socioeconomic factors, pain, side effects of cancer treatments, and poor problem-solving skills (Zabora, 2009). Undetected and untreated psychological distress may be transformed into somatic complaints such as fatigue, pain, or sleep disorders. Health care providers may assess these somatic complaints and respond with medications, lab tests, scans, or procedures (Allison et al., 1995; Zabora, 1998). Somatic complaints may well continue until the true source of a complaint is identified and treated. Brief psychosocial interventions that address significantly elevated levels of anxiety or depression at the initiation of treatment may be far less costly than a series of non-medically appropriate procedures and scans or an avoidable hospitalization if physical complaints increase in severity. Given that one-third of all cancer patients (and there is evidence to indicate comparable rates among patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes) experience significant distress that may interfere with the delivery of effective cancer therapies (Zabora, Loscalzo, & Weber, 2003), it is highly unlikely that significant progress in health care reform can be achieved unless the need for the integration of mental health care is simultaneously addressed. …


The latest addition to the CyberKnife product family, which was released in September 2009. This review updates the previous technical reviews of the original system version published in the late 1990s. There is a clear dose response for localized prostate cancer radiotherapy and there probablyis a radiobiological rationale for hypo-fractionation. Combining the two should maximize tumor control and increase the therapeutic ratio. Technical developments over the last decade have impacted virtually every aspect of the CyberKnife System. These developments have increased the geometric accuracy of the system and have enhanced the dosimetric accuracy and quality of treatment, with advanced inverse treatment planning algorithms, rapid Monte Carlo dose calculation, and post-processing tools that allow trade-offs between treatment efficiency and dosimetric quality to be explored. The CyberKnife can produce superior DVHs for sparing of rectum and bladder and excellent DVHs for target coverage compared with IMRT, and possesses dose heterogeneities to the same degree as IMRT plans.
Keywords: CyberKnife System; Radiosurgery; Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy; Hypofractionation; IMRT Hetrogeneities


In this research we evaluate the influence of continuous endurance training program on oxidative stress in male athletes. Participants in this study were wrestlers (age 21.9 ± 3.5, 11.7 ± 4.0 sport experience 11.7 ± 4.0, height 176.7 ± 6.6 cm, body mass 79.6 ± 13.5 kg) from Serbian national team. All of them (n=14) have had same training program in period of four weeks, which included training regime on 75-85% HR max continuous aerobic activity, in duration of 60 min, 3 days per week. Blood samples were collected in the morning before and day after the training program. After the training program we examined activity of the enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant activity (TAC). After applied the endurance training program TAC decreased significantly (p<0.05), but at a referent level which could not have a negative effect on health or performance of athletes.


NoC (Network on Chip) is a promising technology for the interconnection network. Performance of an interconnection network depends on the routing logic. We explore the state of art of the existing routing algorithms for mesh connected network. In this paper we have tried to model the distance routing for mesh connect NoC network. The performance of the distance routing is compared with that of the dimension order and odd-even routing algorithms. Experimental analysis on synthetic traffic shows that our proposed distance routing outperforms the state of the art of routing algorithms by increased link utilization fairness. Keyword: network on chip, mesh, routing algorithm, distance routing. INTRODUCTION Advancement in the VLSI technology lay down the path for an era of on-chip multiprocessors. The interconnection network plays a critical role in the performance of the multi-core processors [4]. Intercommunication requirement of the System-on-Chip (SoCs) made of hundreds of cores is not feasible by making use of the bus architecture. Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a promising prototype to replace SoC. NoC is launched to overcome the communication problems in the bus-based interconnections. NoC consists of a number of interconnected intellectual properties (IPs) cores that are connected using links which carry the data packets in the interconnection network. The IP cores or the processing cores consist of routers. Each router is connected to five ports (East, West, South, North and local core). Every router can be a source as well as a destination in the network. Source router is one which injects the packet into the network and destination router ejects the packet from the network to the local core. Packets are injected into the network from L1/L2 cache miss, coherence transactions and inter-core synchronisation. Routing logic, switching method and the topology are the important techniques in the design of NoCs. Topology defines the arrangement of the nodes in the chip. 2D mesh topology is one of the most popular topologies in which the cores form a 2D array. In NoC the packets are routed using the routing logic between different cores. The packets are again sub-divided into flow control units called flits [5]. The architecture of a conventional router is shown in Figure-1. Buffered router in the interconnection network consists of five major components: Routing Computation logic (RC), Virtual channel Allocator (VA), Switch Allocator (SA), Virtual Channels (VCs) and crossbar. Virtual channels are used to store the flits coming from the neighbouring routers. RC unit based on the routing function returns the possible routers and the selection strategy determines the output port. The RC also looks into the VC for the next downstream router for each packet. Figure-1. Input buffered router. The VA arbitrates amongst all packets requesting access to the same VCs. A Packet will be forwarded only if there is a free VC in the downstream router. Once the route has been determined and a virtual channel got allocated the flits are forwarded over this virtual channel. SA arbitrates among the packets and forwards the packet along the crossbar. Input buffered routers can increase the bandwidth of the system. A packet can stay in the buffer for any number of cycles before it gets routed i.e. a packet will stay in the VC until it gets a productive output port [10]. In this paper we explore the distance routing for mesh connected NoC network. The paper is organized in such a way that section I deals with introduction, a brief description of the routing algorithms is covered in section II. In section III an example of distance routing is explained. Next section deals with the details experimental methodology and results. We conclude in section V. VOL. 10, NO. 10, JUNE 2015 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com 4420 ROUTING ALGORITHMS Routing algorithms can be classified into different categories, based on the routing decision and degree of adaptiveness. Depending on the routing decision it is classified into source routing and node routing. In source routing the path taken by the packet is fixed and is precomputed and stored in the packet header. In node routing every node performs the route computation by extracting the details from the packet header [1]. Based on the degree of adaptiveness routing algorithm can again be divided into non-adaptive, fully adaptive and partially adaptive. In non-adaptive or deterministic algorithm routes the data packets along the same predermined path. Partial adaptive algorithm includes the turn models like north-last, west-first and negative-first [2]. Varying nature of the network is considered in fully adaptive routing algorithm. The turn models prohibit certain turns but the odd-even routing [6] [8] [3] is a deadlock-free adaptive routing which restricts the location of the turn. XY routing, the most popular dimension order routing, routes the packet first in the X direction to correct column and then in Y-direction to reach the destination. YX routing is also a dimension order routing [9]. DISTANCE ROUTING Routing of data packets from the source router to the destination router is governed by a routing algorithm. Here we have used distance routing on a mesh topology. In distance routing after each cycle the packets are routed towards the destination router. Live lock is a condition in which the packet never reaches the destination even after infinite link traversals. Live lock can be avoided when distance routing is used. In Distance Routing (DR) each router in the mesh network finds the neigbouring nodes. The number of hops from each neighbouring nodes to the destination router are calculated and one with the least number of hops is selected as the next source. If there are two neighboring nodes with the same number of hops, one along the X direction is declared as the winner source. The winner source router forwards the packet along the direction of the minimum number of hops. The Winner source again performs the same operation to reach the destination. Once the destination is reached the packets get ejected into the destination router. The algorithm of the distance routing is given below. Figure-2 shows the distance routing process. Figure-2. Distance routing process. VOL. 10, NO. 10, JUNE 2015 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com 4421 Algorithm Find_hop (source, destination) Begin: Calculate X-hops from Xsource to Xdestination Calculate Y-hops from Ysource to Ydestination Calculate Total_ hop= total distance Return hop End Distance routing (Source, Destination) Begin: If source equals destination Eject the packet Else Find_neighbours. For each neighbors Find_hop (neighbour, destination) Near_neighbour=Sort bases on the hops to find the Nearest Neighbour. Route the packet in the direction Distance routing (near_neignbour) End The main function Distance routing ejects the packet if the destination router is reached else the presence of neighbours are checked. The Find_ neighbours returns a set of available neighbours. The function Find_hop (source, destination) returns the number of hops from the neighboring nodes to the destination. Figure-3 shows the process of finding the number of hops. The distance along x direction is calculated by subtracting the destination distance along x and y directions. Total number of hops is the sum of the hops in x and y directions. In a mesh topology edge routers have three neighbours and one in the corner has only two neighbours while the other routers have four neighbours. Then the selection strategy chooses one from the neighbours based on the number hops and route the packet along the shortest distance. Figure-3. Hop distance calculation. Figure-4 shows the working of distance routing. Router (1, 1) is the source and (3, 3) is the destination. Node (1, 1) is neither edge nor a corner has four neighbours(1, 2), (2, 1), (0, 1) and (1, 0). Considering the neighbour router (2, 1) number of hops to the destination router along x direction(x-hops) is calculated by finding the difference between the x coordinates of the destination and source routers. i.e., (3-2=1). Number of hops along ydirection (y-hops) is calculated by deducting the y coordinate of the source node from the destination node i.e., (3-1=2). The total number of hops is the sum of the xhops and y-hops (X-hops + Y-hops i.e., 2+1=3). Thus node (2, 1) router is 3 hops away from destination router. Figure-4. Example distance routing. VOL. 10, NO. 10, JUNE 2015 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com 4422 Similarly (1, 2) router is also 3 hops away from the destination. The other neighbouring routers (0, 1) and (1, 0) have to travel 5 hops to reach the destination. Both (2, 1) and (1, 2) are at same hops away from the destination. Since X direction routers are given more priority than Y direction routers the node (2, 1) is the new source router and the packet gets forwarded to (2, 1). Again the process of finding the neighbour with (2, 1) as the source router continued and (2, 3) is the winner. This process is continued until the packet reaches the destination router. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY AND RESULT ANALYSIS We use a traditional VC based NoC simulator Book-sim [7] to implement distance routing. In order to show the robustness of distance routing we evaluate our design algorithm using the standard synthetic traffic patterns: transpose and bitrev. Link utilization fairness values are collected for these traffic patterns under various injection rates. We used 4 VCs per router port with 3-flit buffers per VC. Effect on link utilization fairness Link


A lumped equivalent circuit is used to characterize a two-post waveguide mounting structure frequently utilized in varactor-tuned Gunn oscillators. Analytical expressions for the different elements are derived. Comparison with experimental results enabled us to refine the model by the introduction of correction factors which compensate for the simplifying assumptions of the theoretical model. This equivalent circuit would facilitate the optimization of the performance of this type of oscillator.


A method and apparatus for improving the display of objects on an interlaced raster-scan television are disclosed. The invention takes each data point that will appear as a pixel on the screen and makes it appear also at pixel locations displaced by one unit in each of two axes, individually or collectively if desired. The direction of displacement is uniform for any given picture. The additional appearance is not stored as part of the picture data, but instead is generated "on the fly" as part of reading the data and preparing it for presentation on the television screen.


A laboratory study was carried out to determine the effect of bark boiler ash on AOX concentration in bleach plant effluent. The removal of AOX was found not to be significant at typical daily discharge rates of boiler ash. To remove significant amounts of AOX, extremely large quantities of ash were required. When incremental quantities of ash were added to the bleach plant effluent, an increase in effluent pH was noted. The role of increase alkalinity in degrading AOX was con firmed by increasing the pH with sodium hydroxide. AOX is also degraded by increasing the effluent temperature.


This paper elaborates and analyzes the present research situation of rapid assessment on seismic intensity,including the evaluation criterion of seismic intensity,intensity attenuation laws,the quantitative relation between intensity and strong motion parameters,quick reporting system of intensity and instrumental intensity.The methods and the problems needing to be solved of conducting rapid assessment on seismic intensity in the regions which have dense,sparse strong motion observation networks and no real-time or near real-time strong motion observation data respectively are discussed.Under the condition that the strong motion observation networks are very sparse in most regions of China,estimation of intensity map using the synthetic method based on the seismology theory for rapid seismic intensity assessment is an appropriate approach,and the related researches have important significance for the deployment of post-earthquake disaster relief and the evaluation of seismic disaster.


Assessment of neuromuscular function is critical for understanding pathophysiological changes related to motor system dysfunction in animal models of different diseases. Among a number of methods used for quantification of grip performance in rodents, gauge-based grip strength meters seem to provide the most reliable results, however such instruments are unaffordable by many laboratories. Here we demonstrate how to build a grip strength apparatus for rodents from scratch using a digital kitchen scale, an empty cage and a microcontroller, with both hardware and software being completely open-source to enable maximal modularity and flexibility of the instrument in concordance with the principles of open-source bioinstrumentation. Furthermore, we test the griPASTA system for assessment of increased muscular rigidity in the proof-of-concept experiment in the rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by intrastriatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Finally, the importance of bioinstrumental customization is demonstrated by exploiting the ability of griPASTA to provide raw data and enable calculation of grip strength trial speed, a variable known to affect the grip strength measurements that is not standardly measured by the commercial grip strength meters.


In 3D-IC integration and its implied resource optimization, a particularly critical resource is deadspace - regions between floorplan blocks. Deadspace is required for through-silicon via (TSV) planning and other related design tasks, but the effective use of this limited and highly-contested resource requires effort. While most previous work focuses on a single design issue at a time, we propose a lightweight multiobjective deadspace-optimization methodology that simultaneously optimizes interconnect, IR-drop, clock-tree size and maximal temperature. This methodology repeatedly re-evaluates design quality during early chip planning and uses resulting information to guide further optimization. Experimental results indicate that constructing an appropriate deadspace distribution improves design tradeoffs and is effective in practice.


Patients: 42 patients .65 years of age with displaced, comminuted, intra-articular fractures of the distal part of the humerus requiring surgery. Closed fractures, Gustilo grade-I open fractures treated within 12 hours of injury, and Gustilo grade-I open fractures treated elsewhere by irrigation and débridement within 12 hours after injury were included. Exclusion criteria included extra-articular or partial articular fractures; intra-articular fractures not requiring surgery; Gustilo grade-I fractures that had not had irrigation and débridement within 12 hours; Gustilo grade-II, IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc open fractures; associated vascular injury; previous ipsilateral distal humeral fracture; pathologic fractures; fractures with diaphyseal extension ‡8 cm; definitive surgery .21 days after injury; preexisting severe joint disease; dementia; and substantial comorbid conditions. 40 patients (95%) (mean age, 78 y; 88% women) completed the study.


Additive manufacturing of titanium and other metals is a rapidly growing field that could potentially improve component manufacturing through optimization of geometries, less material waste and few ...


In order to identify high-anthocyanidin germplasm resources with high production and good quality,and develop new health product in tea processing and deep processing areas in the future,weight of 100 buds,colour and different composition of new shoots were investigated and analyzed systematically among 11 new tea germplasms with reddishviolet shoots.The results showed that 11 strains were much branched,moderate weight of 100 buds and had high yield potential.The reddish purple of shoots was correlated positively with the content of anthocyanidin,but not related to tea polyphenols,catechin,caffeine,or free amino acids,and it was.The leafcolour of all varieties was darkest in summer,except "HY-5" and "HY-8" were darkest in autumn.These results suggested that the leafcolour and the anthocyanidin content of reddishviolet shoots were controlled by environment and inherent factors concurrently.


In the presence of excess SnCl2 or SnBr2, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy shows that the complex anions [Pt(SnCl3)5]3− or [Pt(SnBr3)5]3− are exclusively extracted into chloroform containing methyltrioctylammonium chloride or bromide. Significantly, in the presence of even small amounts of chloride ion, halogen scrambling of the [Pt(SnBr3)5]3− complex anion occurs, resulting in a distribution of the [Pt(SnClxBry)5]3− species, all possible isomers of which can be observed in this solvent system at room temperature.


Objective: There is limited evidence on the prevalence of patients' obesity-related co-morbidities and the effectiveness of specialist multidisciplinary weight management (Tier 3) programmes prior to bariatric surgery. We therefore evaluate and report the prevalence of co-morbidities in patients attending a Tier 3 service within the National Health Service.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients who attended the Tier 3 service at the East Midlands Bariatric Metabolic Institute throughout 2017.Results: 430 patients attended the service over the study observation period. Twelve patients (2.8%) were excluded from our analysis due to incomplete data. 70.8% of patients were women, mean age at baseline was 46.4 years, mean±SD weight and body mass index at baseline were 137.8±29.2 kg and 48.0±8.6 kg/m2, respectively. The most common co-morbidities recorded at baseline were type 2 diabetes mellitus (31.1%), hypertension (31.1%), depression (26.1%), obstructive sleep apnoea (23.2%) and osteoarthritis (15.6%). Significant weight loss was observed at the 3-month and 6-month follow-up points, but not at the 9- or 12-month follow-up points. 22.5% of patients achieved weight loss of ≥5%.Conclusion: The prevalence of co-morbidities within this Tier 3 service was high. While specialised weight management services may achieve moderate weight loss through a multidisciplinary intervention, future evaluation of clinical outcomes of specialist weight services should also include co-morbidity outcomes.


In this work we examine refraction of light by computing full solutions to axion electrodynamics. We also allow for the possibility of an additional plasma component. We then specialise to wavelengths which are small compared to background scales to determine if refraction can be described by geometric optics. We also allow for the possibility of an additional plasma component. In the absence of plasma, for small incidence angles relative to the optical axis, axion electrodynamics and geometric optics are in good agreement, with refraction occurring at $\mathcal{O}(g_{a \gamma \gamma}^2)$. However, for rays which lie far from the optical axis, the agreement with geometric optics breaks down and the dominant refraction requires a full wave-optical treatment, occurring at $\mathcal{O}(g_{a \gamma \gamma})$. In the presence of sufficiently large plasma masses, the wave-like nature of light becomes suppressed and geometric optics is in good agreement with the full theory for all rays. Our results therefore suggest the necessity of a more comprehensive study of lensing and ray-tracing in axion backgrounds, including a full account of the novel $\mathcal{O}(g_{a \gamma \gamma})$ wave-optical contribution to refraction.


10 The constant release of complex mixture of pharmaceuticals, including 11 antimicrobials and endocrine disruptors, into the aquatic environment. These 12 have the potential to affect aquatic microbial metabolism and alter 13 biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. Here we advance the Tea Bag 14 Index (TBI) for decomposition by using it in a series of contaminant exposure 15 experiments to test how interactions between an antibiotic (trimethoprim) and 16 endocrine disruptor (17a-estradiol) affects microbial activity in an aquatic 17 system. The TBI is a citizen science tool used to test microbial activity by 18 measuring the differential degradation of green and rooibos tea as proxies for 19 labile and recalcitrant organic matter decomposition. Exposure to 20 trimethoprim and 17a-estradiol had significant independent negative effects 21 upon decomposition of labile organic matter (green tea), suggesting additive 22 effects upon microbial activity. Exposure to 17a-estradiol alone negatively 23 affected the degradation of more recalcitrant organic matter (rooibos tea). 24 Consequently, trimethoprim and 17a-estradiol stabilized labile organic matter 25 against microbial degradation and restricted degradation rates. We propose 26 that the method outlined could provide a powerful tool for testing the impacts 27 of multiple interacting pollutants upon microbial activity, at a range of scales, 28 across aquatic systems and over biogeochemically relevant time scales. 29


Nickel catalysts and carbon nanotubes are synthesized by using porcelain boats as carriers, nickel nitrate as raw material, and acetylene mixed with ammonia as experimental gas. The effect of temperatures and the role of ammonia are studied with X ray diffractometer, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope. The results show that the optimal temperatures are 700~800℃ for the ammonia deoxidizing nickel nitrate to obtain nickel catalyst, and the catalyst particles are small and homogeneous, which does good to the growth of carbon nanotubes. In addition, the porous materials with small and homogeneous aperture can be helpful to the formation of the small and homogeneous nickel catalysts, during the process of preparation for carbon nanotubes, the thermal decomposition of ammonia is beneficial to maintain the activity of catalyst, restraining the formation of impurities such as amorphous carbon, which facilitates the carbon nanotubes' growth. The optimal temperatures of carbon nanotubes' synthesis are 700~800℃ in the experiment and the diameters of carbon nanotubes are 10~25nm.


Many patients report anxiety during MR imaging. Anxiety is due to immobility, coil noise, high temperature, duration of the examination and shape of the system. On basis of a prospective series of 250 patients undergoing MR studies, we have analysed mechanisms and reasons of anxiety. Psychological strategies are useful to reduce anxiety and improve patients' cooperation and relaxation. The easiest and most effective way is to inform the distressed patient. Information about the MRI examination must be clear and simple. Open field magnets improve comfort and global conditions of the examination realisation. Psychological consequences are less important. Open field MR systems reduce claustrophobia induced by MR imaging.


For patients with anthracycline‐pretreated metastatic breast carcinoma, capecitabine plus docetaxel significantly increased overall survival compared with docetaxel alone. The current study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of the capecitabine/docetaxel combination versus docetaxel monotherapy, comparing the gain in quality‐adjusted survival with associated health care costs.


Modular fixtures are one of the important aspects of manufacturing. This paper presents a desktop VR system for modular fixture design. The virtual environment is designed and the design procedure is proposed. It assists the designer to make the feasible design decisions effectively and efficiently. A hierarchical data model is proposed to represent the modular fixture assembly. Based on this structure, the user can manipulate the virtual models precisely in VE during the design and assembly processes. Moreover, the machining simulation for manufacturing interaction checking is discussed and implemented. Finally, the case study has demonstrated the functionality of the proposed system. Compared with the immersive VR system, the proposed system has offered an affordable and portable solution for modular fixtures design


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of CRC, with different incidence and mortality rates around the world. Geographic differences appear to be attributable to exposures that are superimposed on a background of genetically determined susceptibility. Globally, CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the third in females, with 1.8 million new cases and approximately 861,000 deaths in 2018, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Epidemiologically, it is a disease of the middle-aged and elderly. However, it may occur in young patients, presenting with an aggressive biological behaviour and poor prognosis. Among this young age group are childbearing women, with CRC in pregnancy being rarely diagnosed and reported. Its diagnosis is a challenge to the unaware and, once diagnosed, management options are limited. This study aims to elucidate the presentation, diagnosis, anatomical location, pathogenesis, and treatment options of CRC in pregnancy.


The wave of attacks from the "Korean wave" in advertising to make South Korea leading the audience mind and stimulate the purchase of instant desire. Dressed gorgeous on Korea under the guise of what kind of TV advertising has a mechanism for monitoring. But our audience is poorly understood. The cause behind the TV there must be a reasonable structure,operation,orderly and strict regulations huge review mechanism,which is to support its operation in an orderly manner.


COVID‐19 vaccination is widely regarded as an individual decision, resting upon individual characteristics and demographic factors. In this research, we provide evidence that psychological group membership, and more precisely, social cohesion—a multidimensional concept that encompasses one's sense of connectedness to, and interrelations within, a group—can help us understand COVID‐19 vaccination intentions (Study 1) and uptake (Study 2). Study 1 is a repeated‐measures study with a representative sample of 3026 Australians. We found evidence that social cohesion can be conceptualised as a multidimensional structure;moreover, social cohesion at Wave 1 (early in the COVID‐19) predicted greater vaccination intention and lower perceived risk of vaccination at Wave 2 (4 months later). In Study 2 (a cross‐sectional study, N = 499), the multidimensional structure of social cohesion was associated with greater uptake of vaccine doses (in addition to willingness to receive further doses and perceived risk of the vaccine). These relations were found after controlling for a series of demographic (i.e., sex, age, income), health‐related factors (i.e., subjective health;perceived risk;having been diagnosed with COVID‐19), and individual differences (political orientation, social dominance orientation, individualism). These results demonstrate the need to go beyond individual factors when it comes to behaviours that protect groups, and particularly when examining COVID‐19 vaccination—one of the most important ways of slowing the spread of the virus. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social & Personality Psychology Compass is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a major oilseed crop in India and other countries like Australia, Africa, USA and Yugoslavia. The increase in area and production is concomitant with an increase in the incidence and severity of foliar diseases. Among the major foliar diseases, Alternaria leaf blight caused by Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki and Nishihara is an economically important disease and is reported to cause up to 80 per cent losses particularly in Kharif season (Balasubrahmanyam and Kolte, 1980; Amaresh 1997). Several toxins produced by microorganisms were reported to be responsible for the induction of diseases in plants. These microorganisms produce toxic metabolites in culture media and in plant tissues which are involved in the disease syndrome (Owens, 1969; Wood et al., 1972). Several species of Alternaria are known to produce different types of toxic metabolites (Otaniet al., 1974: Bhaskaran and Kandaswamy 1978). Attempts were made to isolate the toxin produced by A. helianthi and study the effect of toxin on seed germination and seedling growth.


AbstractThe low-cost and highly efficient adsorbents have been investigated to remove dyes from aqueous solution. In this study, lotus leaf was used as a biosorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. The batch experiments used to investigate the effect of experimental parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, initial MG concentration, solution pH, salt ionic strength, and temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Koble–Corrigan and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models were considered to evaluate the adsorption behavior. The adsorption behavior was best described by the Koble–Corrigan, Redlich–Peterson and Langmuir isotherms. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of lotus leaf for MG were 105.9, 113.8, and 125.3 mg g−1 at 296, 306, and 316 K, respectively. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation which suggested that the adsorption may be a chemisorption process. Thermodynamic parameters of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS indicated the adsorption process was s...


Africa's cities are growing fast but urban planning has been poorly-functioning. Urban population has little choice but to find housing in informal settlement, which is developed outside of governmentally controlled urban planning. Now informal settlements are major dynamics of African urbanization. To understand the process of informal urban development in Africa, this study aims to examine the process of land subdivision and housing construction in informal settlements, using survey date from Nairobi, Kenya. We found different development processes by the difference in development types.


During the next few years, all companies who burn fossil fuels will require emissions monitoring systems. Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) systems require instrumentation to measure pollutants directly. High initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs typify these systems. In order to alleviate industrial boiler owners from CEM cost burdens, emission models are developed using process information as the basis. These Predictive Emission Monitoring (PEM) systems are in use today. However, conventional PEM systems, albeit reducing costs, do not meet the objective of minimal emission reporting costs. This paper will discuss the cost limitations of conventional PEM systems and present a solution that integrates the PEM functions in the existing Distributed Control System (DCS). Other benefits of the embedded PEM solution will be discussed, as well as an economic justification.


The complexity of sociotechnical systems and the uncertainty of their environment foster the multitude of disturbances affecting the functioning of the system. These disturbances can cause an interruption of the activity and may result in losses of multiple nature. In order to avoid such a situation, a new structure of sociotechnical systems integrating resilience processes as a key category of processes was proposed. In the meta-model that was built using the UML language, the role played by resilience processes in maintaining resources availability was highlighted. To better understand this role, system dynamics modeling has been adopted. Using the causal diagram that has been drawn up, three pillars of a resilience process, namely resistance, recovery and anticipation were highlighted. The notion of resilience as a capacity has also been introduced. The improvement of this latter is linked to the effectiveness of the intervention of the associated resilience processes. A classification of processes according to their association with well-established resilience processes was also proposed. It is a five-step resilience scale. Then, the quantitative aspect was studied by drawing up a stock-flow diagram. Finally, this model has been run based on a practical case. From this simulation, interesting conclusions were drawn.


The present invention provides a double-sided cooling type power module which can be easily manufactured while having a simple structure, can be manufactured in a smaller volume, and can improve junction reliability, and a manufacturing method thereof. The double-sided cooling type power module in which a pair of semiconductor chips are installed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprises: an output stage lead installed on a lower surface of the upper substrate, and individually connected to the pair of semiconductor chips; a plus stage lead installed on one side of the upper surface of the lower substrate, and connected to one semiconductor chip selected from the pair of semiconductor chips; and a minus stage lead installed on the other side of the upper surface of the lower substrate, and connected to the other semiconductor chip.