Game based learning is a game that is used for developing the education system for students. Game based learning particularly designed based upon the student ability. It is designed with an explicit intention foe the students. Games are help to learn about lessons, understand the culture or history; people help to learn many skills while playing game. Game based learning teaches the lessons, very faster to the students. It is helpful for students to learn all lessons interesting. Game based learning are used for slow learner to learn the lessons very easily and understand the concepts. Game based learning are used to analyze new situations and interact with each character in the game and handle all the problems in the game. Computer games and games are generally used in educational system. The objectives of the games provide variety of knowledge, experience and opportunities to apply knowledge in the virtual world. Game based learning used in the many field and they are easily understand the lessons and learn the lessons very faster in the current world.


The measured prompt spectra in the RENO experiment show an excess of reactor electron-antineutrinos around 5 MeV relative to the prediction from a most commonly used model. This observation suggests that we should modify the current reactor neutrino model. Here, applying the atom-like structure of baryons described within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we show the origin of the excess of reactor electron-antineutrinos around 5 MeV. We also explain why in the average nuclear fission there is released about 4.5% of energy as the radiation of neutrinos. The calculated within SST excess of the ~ 5 MeV events should constitute about 2.6% of the total observed reactor neutrinos. This result is close to the RENO result ~ 3%.


ZnS is a wide direct band gap of Ⅱ-Ⅵ compound,which is a widely used matrix in various luminescent materials.ZnS materials doped with different rare metal ions and transition metal ions(Mn,Cu,Ag) formed by different techniques have been studied widely in recent years.Compared to other ions-doped ZnS,Cu-doped ZnS is rarely studied by researchers,especially as photoluminescence nanoparticles.This paper introduces a method of hydrothermal used to prepare ZnS∶Cu nanocrystals.And on this base,the effections of reaction time and the mole ratio of zinc and sulfur on the luminescence properties of ZnS∶Cu nanocrystals are investigated.X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope are used to characterize the phase and the surface morphology of samples.The results show that ZnS∶Cu nanocrystals have cubic zinc blende crystal structure,and the size of these spheroidal particles is in a range of 1 to 6nm.At room temperature,the luminescence properties are investigated with PL spectra and PLE spectra.In PL spectra,emission peaks are at about 542nm,which may be attributed to a transition from shallow donor state of ZnS to the t2 level of Cu in ZnS band gap.In PLE spectra,excitation peaks are at about 350nm,which are attributed to the near-band-edge absorption of ZnS matrix.Luminescence intensity increases,and then decreases with the mole ratio of zinc and sulfur increasing.When the mole ratio of Zinc and Sulfur is 2∶1,luminescence intensity touches its maximum.When excitation wavelength is 350nm,ZnS∶Cu nanocrystals give off green band emissions from 510-542nm,according to the extend of reaction time.And the highest intensity appears in the sample which has reacted for 8h.Following this method,ZnS∶Cu nanocrystals giving green luminescence can be prepared.It can be deduced that shallow donor state of ZnS∶Cu nanocrystals is concerned with sulfur vacancies.The numbers and the levels of sulfur vacancies are affected by the reaction time and the mole ratio of Zinc and Sulfur.


Editor: Percutaneous peritoneal catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis (PD) is widely used and success rates similar to those with open placement are reported. Percutaneous insertion is typically done using either a Seldinger technique or the Trocar method. We report a case where blind percutaneous catheter insertion using the Trocar method resulted in jejunal mesenteric arterial laceration and severe intra-abdominal bleeding. A 56-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease stage 5, and ischemic heart disease presented with fluid overload. He was stabilized with ultrafiltration and hemodialysis over 2 weeks. A month later, he underwent blind percutaneous PD catheter insertion in which the trocar and cannula method was used. After a dose of preoperative intravenous vancomycin and sedation with intramuscular pentazocine, a midline incision 2.5 cm long was made about 2 cm below the umbilicus. The peritoneal cavity was filled with 1.5 L saline using an 18F intravenous cannula. The trocar and cannula were vertically maneuvered to make a point incision in the linea alba big enough to admit the lubricated permanent PD catheter, which was then secured in place by purse-string proline sutures. About 1 L PD fluid was instilled in the peritoneal cavity via the PD catheter. The drain was initially mildly blood tinged. The subcutaneous tunnel was made and the distal end of the catheter exteriorized. The incision wound was closed in layers. The effluent continued to be blood tinged and the patient's blood pressure began to decrease. Despite two units of whole blood and fluids, the patient continued to be in hypovolemic shock. At laparotomy, the peritoneal cavity was filled with blood: a laceration of the jejunal mesenteric artery was identified and ligated. Further blood transfusions after surgery stabilized the patient. The catheter position and tunnel were left untouched. The laparotomy incision was made in the midline immediately below the incision made for catheter insertion. The patient subsequently underwent regular PD exchanges without any impediment to either inflow or drainage of PD fluid. This is the only such complication that has been experienced in over 30 percutaneous catheter insertions. Blind percutaneous PD catheter insertion is a relatively easy procedure that can be done by nephrologists without requiring a dedicated operation theater and anesthesia time. The procedure is safe when done by experienced personnel. There are two percutaneous techniques. The more common is the procedure using a peel-away sheath with the Seldinger technique (1). The other, using a trocar and cannula, is employed at our center. The laparoscopic and open surgical techniques require obtaining specialized surgical and anesthetic services, are more expensive, and increase the duration of hospital stay. The open surgical method is routinely preferred in those with prior abdominal surgeries with likelihood of adhesions. However, in the blind procedures, there always exists the unavoidable risk of misadventure and surgical backup is necessar y. The technique of catheter insertion using the peel-away sheath obviates the need of the sharp trocar and is less likely to cause injury to viscera. The fluoroscopy-guided procedure is perhaps safer and, although the two have not been directly compared, results and safety are comparable to the directly visualized surgical method (2). While the usefulness remains unproven, the surgical method has been more commonly employed in obese patients (3) and we began to adopt this practice after the occurrence of this complication. Minor hemorrhage following PD catheter placement is usually caused by abdominal wall blood vessel injury and can easily be controlled. Mital et al. (4) reported a retrospective case series of surgical placement of 292 catheters where there was major hemorrhage in 6 patients (2%). However, this was due to perioperative anticoagulation, aspirin use, or thrombocytopenia in all but 1 patient. Smith et al. reported the occurrence of bleeding associated with percutaneous placement of PD catheters in 2 of 31 (6.4%) catheter placements (5). Neither patient required exploration or blood transfusions but settled with PD fluid exchanges. One required transfusion of platelets for thrombocytopenia. When the effluent is bloody with hemodynamic compromise, as in our patient, immediate explorative


Schur–Weyl duality relates the representation theories of general linear and symmetric groups in defining characteristic and plays a central role in many parts of algebraic Lie theory. In this paper, we will introduce the notion of Schur–Weyl quasi-duality and study it. For this, generally, we consider a braided vector space (V,c) and its braided Lie algebra Endk(V)(−). Then, we can construct its braided enveloping algebra U(Endk(V)(−)), which is a connected braided c-cocommutative Hopf algebra. Let H be a triangular Hopf quasigroup with bijective antipode and B be a cotriangular Hopf quasigroup with bijective antipode. Let V be any finite dimensional vector space in the category LQ(H,R)(B,σ) of generalized Long quasimodules. We show that (U((EndkV)(−))⋆H⋆B,kSn,V⊗n) is a Schur–Weyl quasi-duality under suitable conditions.


To enable wireless applications which require the use of location information, a method and apparatus for transmitting location data within an ad-hoc communication system is provided herein. During operation, a portion of a packet payload is used to transmit location coordinate information along with an identifier of location estimation technique utilized for a node, as well as other parameters that may be needed for location estimation. Nodes in the communication system calculate their location coordinates using the said portion of packets received from other nodes in the communication system.


Introduction
Objective • This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of combining platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with nano silver (AgNP) dressing in the treatment of chronic refractory wounds.

Introduction
Methods • A total of 120 patients with chronic refractory wounds were selected from our hospital between January 2020 and January 2022. The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the study group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received basic treatment combined with AgNP dressing, while the study group received PRF combined with AgNP dressing. A comparison was made between the two groups in terms of wound healing time, hS-CRP levels, VISUAL analogue scale (VAS) scores, procalcitonin (PCT) levels, clinical efficacy, and complications.

Introduction
Results • Before treatment, there were no significant differences in hS-CRP, VAS, and PCT levels between the two groups (P > .05). However, after treatment, the study group showed significantly lower hS-CRP, VAS, and PCT levels compared to the control group (P < .05). The study group also exhibited a shorter wound healing time, a higher rate of excellent and good curative effect (95.00% vs 81.67%) compared to the control group (χ2 = 5.175, P < .05), and a lower incidence of wound complications (6.67% vs 21.67%) compared to the control group (χ2 = 4.386, P < .05).

Introduction
Conclusions • The combination of PRF and AgNP dressing can effectively alleviate pain and local inflammation in patients with chronic refractory wounds, improve the wound healing rate, shorten the healing time, and reduce the risk of complications such as infection spread.


The raw material distribution used for the production of biogas in Latvia in 2019 has been identified in the plants where manure is used as feedstock. The focus of the study was on quantification of processed manure in biogas and estimation of the exploited potential. It has been established that in the production of biogas mainly dairy cow slurry, calf and heifer solid manure, considering that these animals are not placed in pastures, pig slurry from large farms and laying hen manure from cage housing are used. In addition, various other biomasses are used: maize silage, animal fodder residuals, animal slaughterhouse bio waste, sewage sludge, molasses, etc. The mass of other biomass may represent up to 50% of the amount of manure processed. In Latvia in 2019, 37 biogas plants used manure as feedstock. The total amount of manure processed was 840.8 thousand tonnes. Of these, 34.7% were cattle slurry and litter, 44.1% was pig slurry and 61.9% was laying hen manure. This means that the possibilities for manure processing in biogas because the capacity is not currently exhausted can be significantly increased in the future due to intensification of the livestock farming.


: Since the introduction of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) service, we have lived in a time of expanding amounts of data. The amount of data produced has increased every year with the increase of smart phone distribution in particular. Telecommunication service providers have to struggle to secure sufficient network capacity in order to maintain quick access to necessary data by consumers. Nonetheless, maintaining the maximum capacity and bandwidth at all times requires considerable cost and excessive equipment. Therefore, to solve such a problem, telecommunication service providers need to maintain an appropriate level of network capacity and to provide sustainable service to customers through a quick network development in case of shortage. So far, telecommunication service providers have bought and used the network equipment directly produced by network equipment manufacturers such as Ericsson, Nokia, Cisco, and Samsung. Since the equipment is specialized for networking, which satisfied consumers with their excellent performances, they are very costly because they are developed with advanced technologies. Moreover, it takes much time due to the purchase process wherein the telecommunication service providers place an order and the manufacturer produces and delivers. Accordingly, there are cases that require signaling and two-way data traffic as well as capacity because of the diversity of IoT devices. For these purposes, the need for NFV (Network Function Virtualization) is raised. Equipment virtualization is performed so that it is operated on an x86-based compatible server instead of working on the network equipment manufacturer's dedicated hardware. By operating in some compatible servers, it can reduce the wastage of hardware and cope with the change thanks to quick hardware development. This study proposed an efficient system of reducing cost in network server operation using such NFV technology and found that the cost was reduced by 24% compared to existing network equipment. The technique proposed in this study is expected to be a foundation technology for future sustainability computing.


Poly(e-lysine) (PL) hydrogels have been prepared by means of γ irradiation of PL produced by Streptomyces albulus in aqueous solutions. When the dosage of γ irradiation was 70 kGy or more and the concentration of PL in water was 1-7 wt %, transparent hydrogels (opaque hydrogels for 1-3 wt % PL concentration) could be produced. In the case of 70 kGy of γ irradiation and 5 wt % PL concentration, the specific water content (wt of absorbed water/wt of dry hydrogel) of the PL hydrogel was approximately 160. Specific water contents of PL hydrogels decreased markedly with an increase in the dosage of γ irradiation. The specific water contents were increased with an increase in PL concentration in the irradiated solution. This result indicates the presence of a radical scavenger in the PL solution. Swelling equilibria of PL hydrogels were measured in water or in aqueous solutions of various pHs or concentrations of NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and CaCl 2 . Under acid conditions, the PL hydrogel swelled due to the ionic repulsion of the protonated amino groups in the PL molecules. The degree of deswelling in electrolyte solution was smaller than that of other ionic hydrogels [poly(γ-glutamic acid), poly(acrylic acid) etc.]. In addition, the enzymatic degradations of PL hydrogel were studied at 40°C and pH 7.0 in an aqueous solution of the neutral protease [Protease A (Amano)] produced from Aspergillus oryzae. The rate of enzymatic degradation of the respective PL hydrogels was much faster than the rate of simple hydrolytic degradation. The rate of enzymatic degradation decreased with the increase in γ-irradiation dose during preparation of the PL hydrogel. © 1995 John Wiley & sons, Inc.


Running a recursive algorithm on this expression still gives an exponential worst-case running time. Additionally, there is no hope to only explore a local neighborhood of a single vertex u with this recurrence to run an approximate calculation, because the quantity q̆S in some sense indeed depends on all of S. As in the proof of Shearer's Lemma, however, we can rearrange the recurrence to obtain a telescoping product


Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded asphalt mixture that depends on the stone-to-stone contact to provide its load-carrying capacity against rutting and stripping. Even though SMA has good performance, especially in resisting permanent deformation, it suffers from excessive binder drain down due to high bitumen content. Thus, the aim of this study is intended to utilize bamboo fiber to control the drainage and bleeding problem. In this study, bamboo fiber is chosen as a modified binder to enhance the performance of stone mastic (SMA 20) due to more economical than other conventional fibers. The aim of this study to evaluate the mechanical performance of bamboo fiber stone mastic asphalt (SMA) in terms of Marshall stability, resilient modulus, dynamic creep, and Cantabro Loss. Twelve samples of SMA 20 mix with PEN 60/70 binders are tested for each test. Bamboo fiber in the range of 0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6% of on the aggregate weight used in the original mix design. From the results, it shows that the addition of 0.4% fiber contributes to the lowest value of abrasion and dynamic creep and 0.4% producing the highest value for resilient modulus, stability, density, and stiffness. Based on that,0.4 % is the optimum fiber content that could be used to design. Thus, it can be concluded that the existence of fiber is capable of enhancing the performance of SMA 20.


We investigated the potholes on hard bedrock consisting of high-grade metamorphic rocks (felsic and mafic gneisses) in Shelburne Falls along the Deerfield River (Massachusetts, USA), where the sculpted forms have been regarded as among the natural wonders of eastern North America and present an important tourist attraction for geological heritage. The deep potholes generally started from amphibolite and ended on layers of quartzite or felsic gneiss, indicating lithology, which dictates mechanical resistance of bedrock and plays a crucial role for localization and growth of potholes. The depth and mean radius of the potholes display positive skewed frequency distributions, reflecting most likely a process of pothole coalescence. The pothole major axes are preferentially oriented parallel to the stream flow direction rather than the strikes of joints, indicating that hydrodynamics is the primary factor controlling pothole development. The dimensional thresholds that must be exceeded for successful growth of potholes at joint intersections or other sites of weakness are hemispherical or hemielliptical concavities with a mean radius of ∼16 cm on the bedrock surface. Any depressions smaller than the thresholds cannot efficiently entrap and store coarse sediments such as gravels of quartzite and felsic gneiss to be used as grinders to deepen and enlarge the potholes or form a stable, powerful vortex. The floor abrasion by coarse grinders is approximately two orders of magnitude more efficient than the wall erosion by polishing of suspended fine sand. Cylindrical potholes are difficult to form in highly fractured rocks because small angular blocks bounded by extension or shear fractures are easily plucked and removed by hydraulic forces.


It has been lasting for a hundred years for the debate on the value transformation problem. A undeclared proposition of the debate is that Marx has one model of value transformation,but actually Marx has two: the model without capital flow and the theory emphasizing capital flow. The essence of the transformation problem is to explain the historical evolution of the value law from simple commodity economy to capitalism economy,of which the motivation is the progress of productivity and cross-sphere flow of capital. Therefore, the only approach to solve the transformation problem is to make the progress of productivity and cross-sphere flow of capital as the basic proposition. In the historical process of the progress of productivity, extra surplus-value is the core concept.


From the experience of clinical observations, we have shown a high therapeutic effectiveness of the medical laser KULON-MED in: cosmetics, non-cancer inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cancer (cancer of the stomach and colon) as at different wavelengths, and with different types of photosensitizers. In the area of anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), based on experimental studies, we have showed the high antitumor (sarcoma S‑37) effectiveness of the laser (with the inhibition of tumor growth of up to 100%) for repetitively pulsed irradiation mode, and for mode fractionation doses laser radiation. In addition, significant differences are shown in the effectiveness of anticancer PDT methods in the application of high-intensity lasers, continuous and pulsed caused fundamental properties of laser radiation characteristics – time structure of the radiation pulses. Thus, for the first time we have shown that the time of high-intensity laser pulses structure significantly affects therapeutic efficacy laser system, and hence on the mechanisms of interaction of laser radiation with biological tissue.


Biosynthesis of Iron nanoparticles from Mentha pulegium L by simple method by using waterextract of Mentha pulegium L. The iron nanoparticles characterized by UV-visiblespectroscopy, (FTIR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD and Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The biological activity evaluation by anti-inflammatory and anti oxidantusing evaluated in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ABTS radicalscavenging assay assay Iron chelating activity assay . The results also revealed that the waterextract of Mentha pulegium L and its iron nanoparticles represented the most potent in vitroantioxidant effect. Iron nanoparticles inhibited the growth of bacterial and fungal, theseresults suggested that iron nano particle could be an interesting to control pathogenic microorganisms.


The conformation of the ethoxy tail flanking the cyanobiphenyl core has been studied in the liquid-crystalline phase as well as in the isotropic solution. In solution, the vicinal coupling constant 3JCH for the moiety CphOCH (Cph: phenyl carbon) provided the information regarding the rotation around the OC bond. Phenetole was mostly used as a model compound. The conventional rotational isomeric state (RIS) analysis yielded the energy difference between the gauche and trans state to be of the order of 1,6 to 1,4 kcal/mol in CDCl3, C6D6 and dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide. In this treatment, the rotational state around the neighboring bond (CphO) was taken to occur at 0 or π. The deuterated compound, 4-ethoxy-4′-biphenylyl-d7 cyanide, was prepared and studied in the liquid-crystalline state by 2H NMR. The orientational order parameters of the mesogenic core were determined by the analysis of dipolar and quadrupolar splitting data due to aromatic deuterons. The quadrupolar splitting data were also obtained for the deuterated ethoxy tail. The conformation of the tail was elucidated according to the RIS simulation scheme previously proposed. The fraction of the trans conformation ft was estimated to be 0,79 around the nematic-isotropic transition temperature (TNI = 91,9°C). It was suggested that the conformation of the ethoxy tail remains nearly unaffected by the phase transition in the immediate vicinity of TNI. The fraction ft increases moderately toward an asymptotic value as temperature decreases.


We have completed a new study of the formation of hydrogen lines in dense magnetized plasmas. We have devel- oped a global formalism including the effects of the magnetic field and of the motional electric field. The latter, resulting from the motion of the radiating hydrogen atom in the magnetic field, modifies the structure of the matrices appearing in the equa- tion of transfer of the Stokes vector and introduces a coupling between microscopic ("intrinsic") and macroscopic (Doppler) contributions to the line profiles. We have used this new treat- ment of line formation to revisit the interpretation of photopo- larimetric (Stokes I and V ) observations of Balmer lines in terms of mean longitudinal magnetic field.


Flood characteristics and watershed underlying surface of Yongcuihe River,which is affected apparently by frozen soil,are analyzed.Based on analyzing the composition of frozen soil,distribution characteristics and its impact on percolation and evaporation,flood forecasting method is discussed when the watershed is affected by frozen soil,adopting empirical correlation diagram and regression equation.The impact on flood and physical causes of the period are very clear.The forecasting method is simple and effective in practice,and an explorative attempt for improving flood forecasting accuracy during the period affected by frozen soil.


This paper presents a decentralized learning algorithm for stochastic games, also known as Markov games (MGs). The algorithm is radically uncoupled, model-free, rational, and convergent by reaching near equilibrium in two-agent zero-sum and identical-interest MGs, and certain multi-agent general-sum MGs for both discounted and time-averaged cases. The paper introduces additive-reward product (ARP) games as a new class of Markov games to address convergence beyond zero-sum and identical-interest cases. In ARP games, state is a composition of local states, each local state determines the rewards in an additive way and they get controlled by a single agent. The algorithm can converge almost surely to near equilibrium in general-sum ARP games, provided that the strategic-form games induced by the immediate rewards are strategically equivalent to either two-agent zero-sum or potential games. The approximation errors in the results decay with the episode length and the convergence results can be generalized to the cases with more than two agents if the strategic-form games induced by the rewards are polymatrix games.


The purpose of this thesis is to develop, establish and apply novel quality assurance (QA) methods for nuclear and high-energy physics particle detectors. The detectors should be maintenance-free since devices can only be replaced during long technical shut-downs. Furthermore, the detector modules must endure handling during installation and withstand heat generation and cooling during operations. Longevity in a severe radiation environment must also be assured. Visual inspection and electrical characterisation of particle detectors are presented in this work. The detector studies included in this thesis, while based on different technologies, were united by the demand for reliable and enduring particle detectors. Four major achievements were accomplished during the the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foil studies: a software analysis capable of precise foil inspection was developed, a rigorous calibration procedure for the Optical Scanning System was established, a detailed 3D GEM foil hole geometry study was performed for the first time and an impact of the hole geometry on the detector gain was confirmed. Promising results were also achieved during the solid-state detectors studies. A new technique for assuring the height uniformity of the chip interconnections in the pixel detector modules was proposed and implemented. Two semiconductor detectors (Si and GaAs) were designed, microfabricated and tested. The consistency of the QA results demonstrated the detectors' reliability and preparedness to serve the needs of future particle and nuclear physics experiments. During the performed studies, strict calibration techniques and measurement uncertainties were applied to guarantee the trustworthy accuracy of the used measurement tools. Thus, all quality assurance techniques presented in this thesis were held in clean conditions at monitored temperature and humidity. The combined results of this thesis demonstrate the importance of adequate quality assurance for guaranteed accurate data collection and long operating life of the detector.


Human capital is usually defined as "The aggregation of investments, such as education and on the job training that improves the individual's productivity in the labour market". The initial definition did not take into account some central aspects of "human capital", owing to a supposed analogy with physical capital. But even though, from an economic point of view, there are some similarities, human beings are more complex than automatic machines. More recently, it has been attempted to articulate a more extensive definition of "human capital" by considering all the attributes embodied in individuals relevant to economic activity". Nevertheless, the evolution of human capital definition is in some way restricted to its economic meaning, neglecting the intrinsic complexity of the concept that demands an in-depth re-examination of its social and cultural value. In order to achieve deeper understanding of the multiplicity of aspects making up human capital, we are going to make use of the main concepts of institutional and evolutionary economics..


The VRA Bulletin Content Editor discusses the transition from one editor to the next and summarizes this issue's content. She mentions the types of publishing formats currently available, explains how to submit and article, and calls for more contributions.


Digitalization is considered as the veritable vehicle of transformation for the tourism industry marketing in this age of the internet economy. It influences all business marketing processes before, during and after a tourism trip in a profoundly revolutionary way. Information distribution is quicker, better, and cheaper regardless of geographical and time limitation due to digitalization. The digital marketing mix, which consists of eproduct, eprice, eplace, epromotion, eprocess, epeople, and ephysical evidence, is a powerful tool in revolutionizing tourism marketing management globally including in Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to examine the level of use and adoption of digital marketing mix strategies in the tourism industry's accommodation sector in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. This study adopted a qualitative research design approach with twenty purposively selected key informants from the tourism industry in and around Masvingo Urban. The sample had managers and marketing managers of hotels and lodges who were respondents in the study. Interviews and analysis of digital platforms were the data collection methods. Data was thematically analyzed. The major finding is that the level of adoption and use of digital marketing mix strategies is varied and generally low. Most players still rely more on the traditional analogue marketing mix strategies. The paper recommends the tourism industry in Masvingo to fully adopt and utilize digital marketing mix strategies for them to achieve customer satisfaction and


The history of Spitalfields and the East End of London as first point of settlement and a landscape for the construction of a new way of life is well known in a variety of scholarly spheres. This paper brings into this discussion the architectural theories and methods of space syntax in order to provide an evidence base for measuring the role of spatial structure in forming immigrant society in general and minority religious society in particular. Spitalfields is the focus since whilst it has been labelled as the 'ghetto' it has - for three centuries - enabled the accommodation of difference whilst maintaining religious identity for the successive waves of the Huguenots, Jews and Bangladeshis who have settled there. Research by the author into the spatial, economic and social structures of the district concludes that, depending on the location, the longevity of the settlement and the way in which the street network is utilized, immigrant settlement patterns can provide for the sustenance of communal, cultural and religious activity, the construction of social networks and thus the self-support for the group as it makes first footings in the wider culture. Space syntax research shows that in complex societies containing many and varied communities, public space can be structured so as to enable the encounters between different social groups, both spatial and 'transpatial'. For members of minority religions, social solidaritieswill shift in time and space, so that an individual can express different solidarities throughout the course of a day or week and in different patterns within the urban realm. Conference details at - http://www.woolf.cam.ac.uk/events/details?year=2012&month=6&day=26#ID359


Introduction: Patients with chronic hepatitis C have low serological levels of lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. However, chronic hepatitis C is known to increase cardiovascular risk. Lipid dynamics after treatment with direct acting antivirals remains unclear, but an overall decrease in cardiovascular mortality is expected after hepatitis C virus clearance. Aims and methods: In this unicentric retrospective cohort study we evaluated lipid profile behaviour after virus clearance with direct acting antivirals. 100 patients were included, excluding patients with known hypercholesterolemia or previously treated with statins. Lipid profile was assessed before, at the end-of-treatment and one year after end-of-treatment. Results: Overall, there was a significant increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (baseline 87.6 ± 37.6 mg/dL, end-of-treatment 111.1 ± 44.2 mg/dl, p-value 100mg/dl almost duplicated at the end-of-treatment (32.4% to 62.3%). Potential positive predictive factors for a significant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase were liver cirrhosis and low baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusion: This study suggests that measurement of lipid profile upon completion of treatment with direct acting antivirals is essential to prevent the underdiagnosis of dyslipidemia and avoid hindering cardiovascular risk improvement after treatment.


In this study, we explored the features of the individual psychophysiological characteristics in individuals with different level of physical fitness. The student survey of young people was carried out from 2015 to 2016 on the basis of the Bashkir state pedagogical University. M. Akmulla, using the resources of the laboratory of psychophysiology and experimental psychology. Found that students involved in sports, there is a great social boldness, activity, readiness to deal with unfamiliar circumstances and people. They are risk-averse, held freely, fairly straightforward, natural, direct behavior, they are reported to have developed self-control, accuracy in the execution of social requirements.


Development and evaluation of a single step duplex PCR for simultaneous 1 detection of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica 2 (Fasciolidae; Trematoda; Platyhelminthes) 3 Thanh Hoa Le, Khue Thi Nguyen, Nga Thi Bich Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, 4 Xuyen Thi Kim Le, Chau Thi Minh Hoang, and Nguyen Van De 5 Department of Immunology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and 6 Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. 7 Department of Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University, 1. Ton That Tung st, Dong Da, Hanoi, 8 Vietnam 9 ABSTRACT 10 A single-step multiplex PCR (hereafter, duplex PCR) has been developed for simultaneous 11 detection and diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. These species overlap in 12 distribution in many countries of North and East Africa, Central and Southeast Asia and are 13 similar in egg morphology, difficult for identification from fecal samples. Based on a 14 comparative alignment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) spanning the region of cox1-trnT-rrnL, 15 two species-specific forward primers were designed, FHF (for F. hepatica) and FGF (for F. 16 gigantica), and a single reverse FHGR (common for both species). Conventional PCR followed 17 by sequencing was applied using species-specific primer pairs to verify specificity of primers 18 and identity of Fasciola DNA templates. Duplex PCR (using 3 primers) was assayed to test with 19 the DNA extracted from adult worms, miracidia and eggs, producing an amplicon of 1031 bp for 20 F. hepatica and 615 bp for F. gigantica. The duplex PCR failed to amplify from DNA of other 21 common liver and intestinal trematodes, including two opisthorchiids, three heterophyids, an 22 echinostomid, another fasciolid and a taeniid cestode. The sensitivity assay showed that the 23 duplex PCR limit of detection for each Fasciola species was between 0.012 ng and 0.006 ng 24 DNA. Evaluation using DNA templates from 32 Fasciola samples (28 adults; 4 eggs), and 25 25 field-collected stools of ruminants and humans, revealed specific bands of the correct size and 26 Fasciola species present. This novel mtDNA duplex PCR is a sensitive and fast tool for accurate 27 identification of Fasciola species in areas of distributional and zonal overlap. 28


This review article describes the background of enzyme-based biosensors and discusses selected examples of pesticide detection using these platforms. Although cholinesterases are still the most common enzymes for the analysis of commonly used pesticides, alternative enzymes for commonly used pesticides are also important and are highlighted. This article shows the current status of enzyme-based biosensors for the analysis of pesticides in the environment and discusses the prospects for future developments, in particular the use of open source electronics as a promising interface for wireless biosensing in the environment.


Task-selectionpolicies are critical to the performance of any architecture that usesspeculationto extract parallel tasksfroma sequentialthread.Thispaperdemonstr ates that the immediatepostdominatorsof conditionalbranches provide a larger set of parallel tasks than existing taskselectionheuristics,which are limited to programminglanguage constructs(such as loopsor procedure calls). Our evaluationshowsthat postdominance-based taskselection achieves,on average, more thandoublethespeedupof the bestindividual heuristic,and 33% more speedupthan the bestcombinationof heuristics. The speci c contributions of this paper include, r st, a descriptionof task selectionbasedon immediatepostdominancefor a systemthat speculativelycreatestasks. Second,our experimentalevaluationdemonstr atesthat existing task-selectionheuristicsbasedon loops, procedure calls, and if-elsestatementsare all subsumedby compilergenerated immediatepostdominator s. Finally, by demonstrating that dynamicreconvergencepredictioncloselyapproximatesimmediatepostdominatoranalysis, we show that the notion of immediatepostdominator s may also be usefulin constructingdynamictaskselectionmechanisms.


ABSTRACT The Recreational Business District (RBD) is a more active and attractive place in a city. The development of RBDs has become a popular transforming direction in downtown renewal progress by creating novel attractions for visitors and providing services to them. However, there has been limited research on the RBDs, especially for visitors' satisfaction. The purpose of our research is to explore the complex relationships between visitors' satisfaction and their perception of RBDs by using structural equation modeling, thereby providing suggestions for RBD development. We first identify the constructs of visitors' perception and then examine the effects of these constructs on visitors' satisfaction based on a case study of Qianmen district in Beijing, China. The data are collected via two on-site surveys, then respectively analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach. We find that "cultural experience," "retail environment," "commodities and activities," and "service and management" affect visitors' satisfaction positively, while "visiting resources" and "communal facilities" have no significant effects. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this study and policy suggestions for effective and sustainable development of the RBDs.


This paper develops a pooled panel model to qualify the official foreign exchange reserve. In this model, the level of RMB internationalization is respectively estimated under the new criteria by using the data from 1980 to 2011. Then together with the data of exports and financial inflows in recent ten years, the share of RMB in the basket of the Special Drawing Rights is calculated. It finds that the criterion for broadening the SDR currency basket contributes to RMB internationalization. The share of RMB in the basket of the Special Drawing Rights will be up to 26.81% with the new standards and assumptions concerned, which will almost equal to US dollar and Euro. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions for policy-makers in the aspects of issuing Special Drawing Rights and increasing the market openness of China.


A TRUST upheld as an example on pay by health secretary Stephen Dorrell was last week branded 'heartless' by unions.


Distributed generation (DG) brought new challenges for protection engineers since standard relay settings of traditional system may no longer function properly under increasing presence of DG. The extreme case is coordination loss between primary and backup relays. The directional overcurrent relay (DOCR), which is the most implemented protective device in the electrical network, also suffers performance degradation in the presence of DG. Therefore, this paper proposes the mitigation of DG impact on DOCR coordination employing adaptive protection scheme (APS) using differential evolution algorithm while improving overall sensitivity of relays. The impacts of DG prior and after the application of APS are presented based on interconnected 6 bus and IEEE 14 bus system. As a consequence, general sensitivity improvement and mitigation scheme is proposed.


This paper reports on the synthesis and stability of a polymorphic system of a metal–organic framework (MOF) composed of zinc(II) and 2-methylimidazole, as well as its potential applicability in gas storage. Three polymorphs/pseudopolymorphs, ZIF-8, ZIF-L, and dia(Zn), are discussed in this work. It was found that the synthesis of dia(Zn) with a crystal morphology of hexagonal nanosheets requires a catalyst (NH4OH, CH3COOH, or HCOONa), and a synthesis temperature of 60 °C. In contrast, the synthesis of ZIF-8 and ZIF-L can be conducted in the absence of a catalyst and at room temperature. This suggests that the activation energy of dia(Zn) exceeds that of ZIF-8 and ZIF-L. The three crystals were subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C to evaluate their stability. ZIF-8 presented the highest hydrothermal stability, whereas ZIF-L presented the lowest. Nitrogen physisorption performed at 77 K suggests that the microporosity of ZIF-8 exceeds that of ZIF-L and dia(Zn), which were almost nonporous. Interestingly, CO2 thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CO2 adsorption of ZIF-L and dia(Zn) at 323.15 K is on par with that of ZIF-8, which implies that the flexibility of the ZIF-L and dia(Zn) framework increased considerably with temperature. Our results suggest that nonporous MOFs might be useful for gas adsorption or gas separation at ambient or high temperature.


The bus library has great advantages in serving the vulnerable groups,however,it still needs to be studied and discussed according to different service objects to be in line with local conditions.This paper discusses the feasibility of bus library's service for the vulnerable groups,probes into the selection of its service object and service mode,and puts forward some suggestions on improving service quality and service level.


Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading is the direct sharing or transfer of energy between more than one grid-connected users. Continuous usage of local Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) can be made better by focusing on P2P energy trading. It looks forward to save energy bill, reduce peak demand, network loss and thus aid the grid. As there is continuous growth in energy consumption in country like India, the scheme seems to be promising in future. This paper focuses on P2P energy trading on present Indian scenario. The paper brings some of the opportunities and challenges both to the peers and locality in introducing P2P trading. The P2P energy trading system architecture is analyzed as a three dimensioned four-layer system. The paper reviews on how different problems are addressed in the four layers of P2P architecture.


Both Ito's stochastic differential equations, as well as equations driven by semimartingales, with non degenerate diffusion coefficient, are considered. Multidimensional pathwise uniqueness and non-contact property, as well as one dimensional homeomorphic property, of solutions, are studied under weak conditions on the coefficients. It will be shown that these properties hold for equations with non-locally Lipschitz diffusion matrix and only measurable drift


We show how to efficiently obtain linear a priori bounds on the heap space consumption of first-order functional programs.The analysis takes space reuse by explicit deallocation into account and al...


The Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) appreciates the opportunity to provide comments to the European Commission on the New Competition Tool. While doing that, we will make reference to relevant aspects presented in the separate Inception Impact Assessment on the New Competition Tool that the European Commission published when launching the DSA consultation. ITI is also submitting comments separately to the parallel questionnaire on the broader DSA issues and the gatekeeper aspects.


A HPLC method with peroxyoxalate-chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed for the determination of dinitropyrenes (DNPs) and nitropyrene (NP). Both DNPs and NP, which are CL-insensitive, were initially reduced to the corresponding amino-derivatives with sodium hydrosulfide. They were separated on a reversed-phase column and chemilumigenically determined with detection limits in the subfmol range. Utilizing this method, DNPs and NP were determined in gasoline and diesel particulate samples.


In their meta-analysis, Kalu et al. (2012) tackled a question that had to date not been comprehensively answered: whether or not the introduction of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would be of clinical value in the treatment of major depression. For their study, the authors identified relevant existing works with the help of Medline and Embase, the first of which date from 1964. This prevented Kalu et al. from sharing the widespread erroneous belief that tDCS was a newly developed (Brunelin et al. 2012) non-invasive neurostimulating therapeutic option in the treatment of severe mental illnesses. Yet since the above-cited databases mainly comprise works dating from after the mid-20th century, it may be worthwhile to note that severely depressive patients, schizophrenics and patients with auditory verbal hallucinations were subjected to tDCS treatment as early as the 19th century. The historiography of modern brain stimulation therapies has so far concentrated on invasive approaches (lobotomy) and neglected non-invasive electricity-based methods. In the 1870s and 1880s German psychiatrists Rudolph Gottfried Arndt and Wilhelm Tigges conducted such studies ; these were the first ever to be performed on larger groups of depressive and psychotic patients. The method they describe is largely identical to present-day tDCS. Summarizing their studies, Tigges recommended electrical brain stimulation for severe depression with a proneness to chronicity, whereas he reported no or negative results in 'mad' patients (Tigges, 1883, 1885). Arndt applied electric brain stimulation in cases of severe psychoses with depressive symptoms to the degree of catatonia, hypochondriac delusion and melancholia. He recommended faradic current (alternate current) as a stimulant against passivity, stupor, weakness and manic-depressive disorder. On the other hand, galvanization (direct current) was to be applied in other forms of affective disorders, psychoses and psychotic symptoms. He claimed that vertical, horizontal and diagonal galvanization of the head, with both electrodes attached to the cranial bone, sometimes supported by simultaneous galvanization of the sympathetic system (vagus nerve stimulation) and the cervical spinal cord, was especially successful in fresh, recently developed psychoses and anxieties. He also recommended galvanization of the head and the 'auditory centres ' against acoustic hallucinations (Arndt, 1870, 1872, 1878). In contrast to his colleagues, who mainly described individual cases, Tigges summarized the experience that he and they made and clearly differentiated individual groups of patients with similar illnesses and/or symptoms. He came to the same conclusion as that attained by present-day research: that electric brain stimulation was reasonably effective with patients suffering from depression and hence with those groups that would most probably be recommended this therapy when conventional therapy could no longer help. Similarly, he also found that, in the case of patients suffering from what would today be termed schizophrenia rich in positive symptoms, electrotherapeutic treatment showed little to no effect (Steinberg, 2013). What makes these 19th-century sources difficult and maybe less interesting to read today is the fact that exact psychological–psychopathological parameters of brain stimulation in general, and of the application method in particular, are scarce and not easy to follow. Readers are instead explicitly encouraged to adopt an eclectic approach towards electrotherapy; to allow themselves to be guided by their own feelings and by the feedback received from their patients. Despite an ever-persisting general reluctance to give exact measures, Tigges differed from his colleagues in that he at least tried to give rough physical guidelines :


e15170Background: Skin toxicity can be a limiting factor for the use of anti-EGFR therapies, such as panitumumab, and there are currently no standard practice guidelines for rash management in the ...


This paper presents novel multimedia traffic models for the characterization of the queueing performance of an ATM network in terms of the overall performance characteristics, such as, buffer occupancy (in cells), jitter distribution and its impact from spatial correlation of the mono-media streams. The main characteristics of the present treatment lies in introducing two critical new features crucial for the accurate assessment of the queueing performance of an ATM network with multimedia traffic handling capabilities. First, unlike most of the conventional analysis which assume a 1-D known arrival process, this paper presents 2-D general independent (GI) arrival process models. Second, the model assumes multiple correlated batches of information units arriving in the same time slot, enter multiple queues with multiple servers. Specifically, spatial correlations present in multimedia traffic are taken into account and numerical examples showing the overall performance of the proposed queueing model are presented. These results are then compared with that of the conventional single queue models, i.e., GI-D-c. We have established the fact that GI-D-c model and the like under or overestimate the average system contents depending on the correlation among the mono-media streams and the server configurations.


Experience-centric service (ExS) is a type of service through which customers experience emotionally appealing events and activities that result in distinctive memory. The literature argues that ExS design should be a research priority in this experience economy, yet little is known on how to articulate ExSs in their design. This paper proposes a tool called Experience Design Board for visualizing an ExS delivery process as a basis for its analysis and design. The tool is a matrix-shaped board where the key factors of experience creation in ExS (namely, servicescape, frontstage employees, other customers, backstage employees, and technology support systems) are represented in rows, and the customer experience phases are placed in columns. The tool is useful in analyzing and designing how the key factors of ExS create customer experience. The tool integrates several work streams within the evolving ExS literature into its structure and is generic enough to accommodate various ExSs in physical and digital experience contexts. By visualizing an ExS delivery process from beginning to end, the designer can obtain a systematic understanding of the essential attributes of ExS and can use it for an e ff ective design. This tool would serve as a basis for service design in this experience economy.


Several small studies indicate the sulphonamide component of the drug sulfasalazine lowers HbA1c. We investigated reduction of HbA1c following incident prescription of sulfasalazine and related aminosalicylates, lacking the sulphonamide group, in an observational cohort.


Slip casting is one of the most popular shaping method in ceramic technology which allows producing a large number of elements in small period of time. This shaping technique gives a possibility to fabricate ceramic or composite materials such as ZrO2-Ti. Ti with its properties (low density, high melting point, high-temperature strength, good corrosion resistance and others) combine with ZrO2 (high flexure strength, high compression resistance and very high KIC) can be considered for different applications as constructional and functional materials. For the preparation of such composite nanometric zirconium oxide powder stabilized by 3 mol% Y2O3 and micrometric titanium powder were used. Water-based slurries with 35, 40, 45 and 50 vol.% solid phase content were prepared with 3, 10 and 15 vol.% addition of titanium powder. Zeta potential and pH of prepared slurries were considered. The pH changes were tested as a function of Ti content. The viscosity of the prepared slurries was measured. The sedimentation tests for selected slurries were performed. The casting rate for slurry of 35% solid phase with 10 vol.% Ti was examined. These measurements showed good stability of slurries. With the increasing of the solid phase concentration the density of the green bodies increased. However, the increase of the content of Ti powder reduced the density of green body samples. For selected samples the SEM observations was carried out. Composites produced by slip casting were characterized by a homogenous distribution of Ti particles in the ZrO2 matrix.


In the twentieth century, several Orthodox and Catholic theologians promoted an ecclesiology centred on the Eucharistic gathering. But while the sacrament of the Eucharist has typically been the focus of such "Eucharistic ecclesiologies," the role of music in church services remains much less discussed. The Orthodox liturgy and patristic writers, such as the fourth-century St Basil of Caesarea, describe singing as an ecclesial act uniting worshippers as one body. Numerous recent scientific studies similarly suggest that choral music promotes social cohesion even at the physiological level. These scientific sources point to the ecclesial importance of choral singing and raise pastoral questions about the ways that churches work to include worshippers in the unifying act of music making.


Abstract Conventionally, it has been established that the salt ions have the tendency to reduce the surface charge of nanoparticles (NPs) and render them unstable, regulating the stability of nanofluids in a saline environment has been an issue for a long time. To overcome this problem, our work presents the application of a novel green surfactant obtained from Fenugreek seeds of an anionic nature for use as a stabilizing agent for 0.1 wt% silica nanofluids prepared using in DI water. To prevent phase separation, it is imperative to stabilize silica nanofluid solution during their use for subsurface applications. Thus, salt tolerant nanofluids can be prepared and utilized for further applications in enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage etc. The surfactant was extracted from fenugreek seeds by using Soxhlet extraction technique. The liquid solution of extracted surfactant thus derived was dried in hot air oven in order to get the powdered surfactant. The results obtained from dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential, the use of the green surfactant, even in limited concentration (0.2 wt%) not only increases the stability of the nanofluid (from 2 to 12 h) but also lowers the influence of salt, if it is present in moderate concentration (up to 2 wt% NaCl). In addition, when 4 wt% NaCl is dissipated in the solution, the presence of surfactant allows the nanofluid to remain stable for up to 4 h. Furthermore, the surfactant-enriched silica NPs showed higher CO2 absorption than conventional NPs due to higher surface area and better bubble breakage, paving the way for future field deployment of green-surfactant stabilized silica nanofluids for gas storage and enhanced oil recovery applications.


The interpretation of declaration of intention,indicating the exploration of the real meaning of the parties,needs to be researched by semantics. Pragmatics,originated from language philosophy,provides a new horizon and method for the research of the meaning of language. The rules of interpretation of declaration of intention based on the theory of hermeneutics corresponds to the research methods of pragmatics,on the other hand,it also seems fragmented,unsystematic and libratory in position. The rules of interpretation of declaration of intention should be constructed to provide more operable rules for the interpreters from the dual perspectives of the "interpreter-text" of hermeneutics and "speech-speaker" of pragmatic.


A re‐examination of the mass budget of the ring exosphere of Saturn – as prompted by the most recent Cassini measurements in the vicinity of the ring system ‐ indicates that the corresponding number density could reach the level of 2–3 × 105 cm−3 at maximum. Such extended exospheric structure in equilibrium with a thin ring plasma disc could be an important supplier of suprathermal oxygen ions of a few tens of keV in the Saturnian magnetosphere.


Subject
 Infrastructure outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa.

 Significance
 Africa's infrastructure needs are under increasing scrutiny after several recent high-profile summits, as well as visits by international leaders to the continent. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries need to invest collectively an estimated 130-170 billion dollars per year to maintain and enhance transportation networks, achieve near 100% electrification and 100% access to water and sanitation. However, SSA faces an annual deficit of more than 68 billion dollars unless financing commitments increase sharply.

 Impacts
 A growing number of international insurance firms are likely to invest in regional and continent-wide infrastructure funds.
 Sovereign wealth funds could lead the private financing drive as they face fewer restrictions than pension funds and invest long-term.
 Amid growing African debt levels, development banks and multilateral bodies will increasingly support private infrastructure deals.


Mining method in the thick seam is one of the key factors for the high production and high efficient mine. According to 8101working face mining geological conditions of Wangzhuang Coal Mine,the selection of mining method in the thick seam fuzziness and uncertainty,the factors affecting the selection of mining method in the thick seam,the multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for comprehensive evaluation; thick coal seam mining method for construction of made based on BP neural network evaluation model,the influence factors of Wangzhuang Coal Mine,the normalized results predicted. The results show that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation vector B maximum of once large mining fully height overall height is the largest,0. 412 33; " JP index" BP neural network method is the highest,0. 7479,it can be used as the preferred method for thick coal seam mining in Wangzhuang Coal Mine.


The present invention provides an energy absorber comprising a layer (2) and pro-slide (5) of the helmet. The sliding promoting material disposed in the energy absorbing inner layer (2). The present invention further provides a method of manufacturing thereof comprising promoting sliding helmet. Said method comprising the steps of: providing an energy-absorbing layer in a mold, and providing a contact of the energy absorbing layer promoting sliding.


Major depression is one of the four basic forms of mood disorder. It is considered as a serious medical illness that affects a person's behavior, feeling, mood, thoughts and also health. A patient is associated with major depression when he or she possesses at least five of these clinical symptoms; sadness (also known as depressed mood), lack of concentration, sleeping disorder such as insomnia and hypersomnia, fatigue, loss of interest, lack of appetite, excessive guilt, unworthy feeling and suicidal thoughts. The mentioned symptoms should be present for a minimum period of two weeks for the diagnosis of major depression to be established. Left untreated, major depressive disorder may interfere with daily life activities and eventually leads to suicide, which is one of the leading cause of death in the United States. In this report, the referred case study for major depressive disorder will be the scenario of a 30 year old woman who attempted suicide by consuming 8 bodrex pills. She was given psychotherapy and treated with antidepressant of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group which indeed showed a good improvement on her health.


Sarcoidosis sera were shown to have higher activity in aggregating normal human monocytes than normal human sera. A kinetic study suggested that monocytes may not be sensitive to the aggregating activity of sarcoidosis serum until they develop to some extent into macrophages. Gel filtration of sarcoidosis sera on Sephadex G‐200 showed that the major factor responsible for monocyte aggregation had the molecular weight of about 130,000. This major aggregating factor was unable to increase cell size of normal human monocytes or to increase phagocytosis and glucose consumption of normal human monocytes. It did have the ability to form multinucleate giant cells.


The main purpose of the present review is to compile the recent information with special focus on different aspects of muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophies are the group of genetic disorders that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles, restricts their movement and functions, and is irreversible. There is no clear picture and statistics on muscular dystrophy effected individuals especially in India. This article specifies and acknowledges the muscular dystrophy facts and particulars all over the world especially focusing the story in India. The study is based on statistics taken from several reports gathered by different organizations in India, as well as, from other data sources published. In this regard, this present review highlighted the areas of epidemiology, present scenario of prevalence, types of muscular dystrophy specially focused on genetic involment, identification of clinical symptoms, clinical diagnosis specially focused in India, care, management and treatment of this disorder.


Pseudomonas putida KT2442 is a bacterium with potential for use in bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in soils, and its behavior in the subsurface is believed to be controlled by surface polymers. The role of surface macromolecules on the retention and adhesion behavior of this bacterium was examined by bacterial treatment with cellulase, an enzyme that breaks down the β(1 → 4) linkages of cellulose and similar macromolecules. Enzymatic treatment involved centrifugation to separate bacteria from suspending media. Two types of control systems were evaluated, namely, cells separated from growth media via filtration and centrifugation. Bacterial retention was quantified by the collision efficiency, α, the fraction of collisions that result in attachment. In batch retention studies (to glass), both controls had the same α values (1.19 ± 0.25, 1.20 ± 0.23, for filtered and centrifuged cells, respectively). In column transport/retention assays (to quartz), αs for the control groups were not statisticall...


We design, fabricate and investigate programmable on-chip photonic convolution neural networks based on the joint transform correlator. Its scale-up prospect is also demonstrated.


Surface treatment composition comprises a polyfluoropolyether silane. A perfluoropolyether-containing compound and hydrosilane, by reaction in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst and isomers reducing agent to produce the polyfluoropolyether silane and surface treatment composition.


This brief was based on the project OER 44/12 TLS: Arts Research on Teachers and Students (ARTS3): Cultures and Leverages in Nurturing Adaptive Capacities.


Abstract. The Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), is a major insect pest widely distributed in northwestern Mexico. The pest affects the common bean postharvest, causing losses of 25-40%. One alternative to synthetic insecticide for controlling the pest is use of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), which by secreting hydrolytic enzymes is able to infect adults of Z. subfasciatus. In this study, strain B. bassiana code B02 with greatest pathogenicity was selected from 10 native strains. Proteolytic and chitinolytic activity were measured to determine the enzymes involved during the infection process. All strains showed pathogenicity, killing 100-70% of the insects with TL50 of 1.3-3.7 days. No adults emerged when insects were treated with strain B02 because of the effect of proteases and chitinases. Subsequently, the proteins induced during infection were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and molecular weight ranged from 23.5-101.0 kDa. Proteolytic activity was 0.05 to 2.08 U ml-1, and chitinolytic activity was 46 and 449 U ml-1 in non-inducing and induction media, respectively, after 72 hours, indicating the enzymes could increase virulence of the fungus against the insect pest.


The utility model discloses a system for implementing a mobile communication terminal-based point-of-sale (POS) card swiping payment device. The system comprises a mobile phone with an audio interface, a POS card swiping payment device which is used in the mobile phone, and an interactive voice response (IVR) data receiving platform which receives transaction data sent by the mobile phone through a public switched telephone network, wherein the POS card swiping payment device comprises a micro control unit (MCU) processor, a magnetic card reading module, a magnetic head decoding module, a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) decoding module, a data packaging and encrypting module, a modulating/demodulating module, a voice dialing module, a mobile phone audio interface plug, a signal prompting module and a power supply management module; and the IVR data receiving platform comprises a conversation control module, a data modulating/demodulating module, a data coding/decoding module, a protocol processing module, a data encrypting/decrypting module, a service control module and a data interface adaptation module. Through the system, the technical and safety problems of mobile phone payment can be solved, and mobile phone POS card swiping or account transferring can be popularized in conventional mobile phones at low cost.


Objective:To explore the antitumor activity of the compound 1-[3-[2-[1-(5-fluorouracil)]acetamide]propyl]-2,8,9-trioxa-5-azal-1-silicontricyclo[3,3,3,01,5]undecane on Hela,SW480 and A549.Methods:The concentration of the compound was prepared as 25,50,100,200,400 mg/L using culture media.The antitumor activity on Hela,SW480 and A549 was analyzed with MTT method.Results:The compound showed no inhibitive effect in vitro on Hela and the inhibition ratio depended on the increasing concentration.The inhibitive effect on SW480 was the highest,which was up to 50.2% under the 400 mg/L concentration.Conclusion:The compound shows an elective antitumer activity.


Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of paricalcitol for the prevention of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Materials and Methods: Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were cultured in media containing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) with or without paricalcitol. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. In the control group, the catheter was inserted but no dialysate was infused. The peritoneal dialysis (PD) group was infused with a conventional 4.25% dialysis solution. The paricalcitol group was infused with 4.25% dialysis solution and cotreated with paricalcitol. Results: Exposure of HPMCs to TGF-β1 decreased the protein level of the epithelial cell marker and increased the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers. Cotreatment with paricalcitol increased the protein levels of the epithelial cell marker and decreased those of mesenchymal markers compared with their levels in cells treated with TGF-β1 alone. Exposure of HPMCs to TGF-β1 significantly increased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Cotreatment with paricalcitol significantly decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 compared with that of cells treated with TGF-β1 alone. After 8 weeks of experimental PD in rats, the thickness of the peritoneal membrane in the PD group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. Cotreatment with paricalcitol decreased peritoneal thickness. Conclusion: The present study showed that paricalcitol attenuates the TGF-β1-induced EMT in peritoneal mesothelial cells. We suggest that paricalcitol may preserve peritoneal mesothelial cells during PD and could thus be of value for the success of long-term PD.


To reduce power dissipation of a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter,a new high-speed and low-power dissipation CMOS preamplifier-latch comparator,which is suitable for use in a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter,was presented in CMOS 0.18μm technology.The comparator consists of a reference voltage generation circuit,a preamplifier and a latch stage followed by a dynamic latch that operates as an output sampler.The output sampler circuit consists of a full transmission gate(TG)and two inverters.The use of this sampling stage results in the reduction in the power dissipation of the high-resolution comparator.Hspice simulations of the proposed circuit in a UMC 0.18μm standard CMOS technology operating at supply voltage of 1.8 V was made.The results show that the resolution is 8 bit and the power dissipation is only 24.4μW at 40 MHz.The power dissipation is about 1/3 of that of the similar comparators.


The present study is devoted to the definition of main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of emptiness of meaning in life (according to Frankl's concept of noogenic neurosis) and its connection to personality traits: motivation, alexithymia, reflexivity, action control and temperament. A sample was taken of respondents from different social groups and included 28 female and 22 male with an age range of 17 to 24. The implications for theory in psychotherapy of noogenic neurosis are considered.


Information about workshops, technology, and resources offered in McWherter Library's the sandbox. See details and register for workshops in the sandbox.


Inspired by the far-sighted teaching thoughts of music educator Kodaly,the writer presents an analysis of the pluralism embodied in this teaching system,hoping to provide some theoretical support for music education practice in China.


In European and North American countries, Ground-Coupled Heat Pump (GCHP) systems have been widely used for space heating and cooling purposes of houses and buildings. In Japan, however, the rate of increase in the number of GCHP system installation is still slow mainly due to the high drilling cost of ground heat exchange wells. The cost-effective design of GCHP systems, therefore, will be of crucial importance for promoting the application of GCHP systems in Japan. In this paper, an approach in optimizing the well designs and operating conditions of heat exchange wells in GCHP systems was proposed. In the optimization process, the net present value of expenditures for the constructions and operations of GCHP systems were minimized as the profitbased objective function. As optimization methods, quasi-Newton method, the Polytope method and Genetic Algorithms (GA) were applied and their efficiency and stability were investigated. Among the optimization methods, GA showed their advantage in optimizing discrete variables , i.e., well numbers. GA also showed the high efficiency and stability in simultaneously optimizing well designs and GCHP operating conditions. The Polytope method optimized well depth and GCHP operating conditions efficiently though the method could not optimize well numbers . The performances of quasi-Newton method were unstable since the method required appropriate initial guess for convergence to the optimum solution.


Scholars working on vast archives of ancient fragmentary manuscripts have long faced the problem of managing and intuitively interfacing the exponential growth of data as fragments are re-edited over time. Multiple readings, multiple versions, and the reality of a multi-text are concepts not well-suited to the physical codex. Current digital archives and libraries for ancient Greek and Latin texts provide only a single reading of a text. Furthermore, the current information model for these digital texts fails to include the vital components necessary to create complete born digital critical editions which are citable and usable in Classics. Collectively, these problems have undermined the effectiveness and reputability of digital editions on the World Wide Web. In this paper, we introduce Proteus, a platform designed to facilitate the creation and scholarly use of complete born digital critical editions of literary and subliterary papyri.


This paper examines the dynamic linkages among the federal budget deficit, monetary policy and the stock market for the 1960 to 2004. The empirical results generally suggest that deficits matter for the stock market and imply a violation of the Ricardian Equivalence Proposition. Further analyses using taxes and government spending show a higher sensitivity of the stock market to taxes relative to spending. When replacing market returns with beforeand after-tax corporate profits and excess market returns, we observe several economically significant results. For instance, unexpected increases in the fed funds rate lower expected stock returns leading to lower corporate profits and, thus, ultimately lower corporate tax revenues. Finally, the explicit modeling of inflation along with the deficit, fed funds rate and stock prices indicates a negative response of the stock market to innovations in inflation a result taken to suggest that the stock market pays attention to inflation information before pricing assets. Nikiforos T. Laopodis Assoc. Professor of Finance Department of Finance School of Business Fairfield University North Benson Rd Fairfield, CT 06430, USA Tel. (203) 254-4000 ext. 3273 Fax: (203) 254-4105 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The novel electrochemomechanical properties of conducting polymers are elaborated.The fabrication and performance of a variety of actuators based on conducting polymers developed in recently are systematically summarized.It is pointed out that some actuators exhibit double functionalities of sense and actuation.They have profound applied prospect in robot manipulator,machine insect,artificial limb,molecule motor,and the cell clinic.


We have previously designed a freespace optoelectronic neural system1 based on the D-STOP architecture.2 The neural architecture minimizes the number of required light transmitters and provides full connectivity between neurons, flexible functionality neurons and synapses, low signal timing skew, and accurate electronic fan-in with dendritic processing capability. Neural signals are encoded by using a combination of pulse-width modulating optical neurons and pulse-amplitude modulating electronic synapses. The neural system prototype consists of a 16-node input layer, a four-neuron hidden layer, and a single neuron output layer. The input layer consists of a 4 × 4 array of PLZT modulators. An 8 × 8 synapse scalable prototype of the neural chip and the space-invariant optical interconnection system have been fabricated. The image of the modulator array is distributed optically to the 64 synapses of the four hidden layer neurons, which are electrically connected to the output neuron. One differencing dendrite per four synapses is used. Measured synapse and dendrite unit characteristics exhibit high linearity with low power consumption. Test results allow a 100 ns minimum pulse width for neural outputs.


personality. It insults the individual, and through him or her the species. It denies the fact that all human beings are equally human and equally entitled to be treated accordingly, with a decent regard for their feelings. It is a violation of human nature and a crime against human nature. Human nature also includes a capacity to produce and enjoy beautiful things: works of art: paintings, sculptures, architecture, music, literature; and to forbid us to take a disinterested non-utilitarian pleasure in them is also a violation of our nature, though of course not so serious as rape or racism. Often those who ould ave us enjoy works of art only for some ulterior purpose don't realize that they are going against a part of our nature; but they are. For a good work of art may or may not be an effective piece of propaganda, but we have a right to enjoy it whether it is or not; and an effective piece of propaganda may or may not be a good work of art, and if it isn't we have a right not to be pressured into saying that it is. As human beings, we have as much right not to be violated in our literary sensitivity as we have not to be raped or racially discriminated against. But in our propagandistic zeal for social justice we sometimes overlook this fact. We want literature to be relevant to our non-literary concerns-to have some propaganda value. This strategy seems to me crude, foolish and self-defeating; I am therefore going to make a few remarks in defense of literature whose


This paper describes a new approach for the representation of profiles of cognitive functions. The profiles are used in introspective monitoring to keep updated the meta-level about the most relevant attributes of each cognitive function that is executed in the object-level. The profiles are called algorithmic knowledge profiles. Declarative meta-knowledge, procedural meta-knowledge and strategic meta-knowledge are represented using the algorithmic knowledge profile. The profiles are formally defined and the computational implementation is based on extended tabular trees. The approach is illustrated using an instructional planner agent as an example.


The present invention is a method for controlling an electrostatic halftone digital printing, comprising: a) calibration of the printing press; b) Design of CMYK four colors among three primary colors RGB and the control strip patch foot ladder; c) measurements. Seven foot ladder control strip patch of dot size, the measured value obtained;. D) using the measured value obtained by subtracting the input value, to obtain the amount of change in dot size; E) to establish red, green and blue three colors between. adjustment model; F) using the coefficients of the model control strip patch respective foot ladder obtaining the amount of change;. G) for a given amount of inter-color compensation, the compensation amount of the primary colors is obtained.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ,, to file compensation. Control method for a digital halftone printing of the present invention, the change relying solely on conventional four-primary-color (CMYK) to compensate for the drawbacks, typical selected red, green, and blue three secondary colors and primary colors and the establishment of an inter-color model relationship, to achieve compensation of the digital image file may be acquired realistic minimum distortion of the output image.


Background  Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) represent more reliable and consistent methods of drug dosing than oral administration. However, TDDSs can administer only low molecular weight (MW) drugs and require a power source. Disk microneedle rollers facilitate the passage of low and high MW substances through the direct perforation of the stratum corneum and dermis, without stimulating dermal nerves.


MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL THE FLOW OF FLUID ARE CARRIED OUT QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY BY A SUCCESSION OF HEAT EXCHANGE WITH FLUID IN CERTAIN CONDITIONS. FLUID CONDITIONING IS FIRST 6A BY ELEVATION OF ITS TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE POSSIBLE ITS ENVIRONMENT BY ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE HEATING 6, TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE THAT PART OF A NETWORK BRIDGE AUTO 6B -EQUILIBRANT AND LOOP CONTROL, THEN THE FLUID cONDITIONING IS BROUGHT SO SIMILAR IN 7A USING RESISTANCE 7 FORMING PART OF A NETWORK AT A TEMPERATURE 7B STILL HIGHEST OF ENERGY MEASURES CONSUMPTION FOR THE SECOND RISE TEMPERATURE BEING USED TO DETERMINE THE RATE. WHEN THE FLUID SUFFERS AN ADDITIONAL PACK IMMEDIATELY DOWNSTREAM IN 8A, BY ANOTHER DEVICE 8, 8B LIKE THE COOLING TO AN INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS ARE MADE MORE STABLE AND CAN BE MADE MORE LINEARLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE FLOW-MASS.


Abstract A series of new heteroleptic divalent germaniun and tin complexes of the general type L1,4GeN(SiMe3)2 (1, 2) and L1−4SnN(SiMe3)2 (3–6) were synthesized by reaction of β-ketimines L1−4H with Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2, respectively. The reaction of 3 with the strong Mg(I) reductant L5Mg yielded the heteroleptic complex L1MgL5 7 after ligand transfer from tin to magnesium, whereas analogous reactions of L4GeN(SiMe3)2 2 and L4SnN(SiMe3)2 6 with L5Mg occurred with formation of insoluble precipitates, transfer of the amido substituent from the group 14 metal to magnesium and subsequent formation of the heteroleptic magnesium complex L5MgN(SiMe3)2 (8). 1–8 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (L4SnN(SiMe3)2 6, L1MgL5 7).


Ogbaru Communities are usually submerged by intense flood during the rainy season, but such flood recedes during the dry season. This natural occurrence makes the quality of the borehole water in the area questionable. The total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts of samples from fifteen boreholes in the communities were determined during both seasons using standard analytical methods. The values were 100-270 cfu/100ml;10-42cfu/100ml;0-28 cfu/100ml and 0-13cfu/100ml for total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts respectively during the dry season and 130-450 cfu/100ml; 25-86 cfu/100ml; 0-75 cfu/100ml and 0-18 cfu/100ml for the total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts respectively during the rainy season. Salmonella typhi (53.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (53.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46.7%), Proteus vulgaris (46.7%), klebsiella variicola (26.7%), Escherichia coli (26.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) and Vibrio cholerae (33.3%) were isolated during the dry season while S. typhi (60.0%), E. aerogenes (60.0%), P. aeruginosa (53.3%), P. vulgaris (46.7%). K. variicola (33.3%), E. coli (26.7%), S. aureus (13.3%), V. cholerae (46.7%) and Providencia sneebia (6.7%) were recovered during the rainy season. S. typhi occurred most frequently during both seasons. Total bacterial, total coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts were significant at 5% significance level using t-distribution. The boreholes analysed were polluted by bacteria and need adequate treatment such as sand filtration, chlorination and boiling before drinking to avert a public health hazard.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate left and right ventricular filling and ejection performances by use of Doppler echocardiography in healthy, conscious dogs submitted to dobutamine stress testing.

ANIMALS
10 unsedated, healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURE
Doppler echocardiography was performed during cardiac stress testing on each dog twice at 24-hour intervals. Dobutamine was infused in 10 micrograms/kg of body weight/min incremental dosages, from 12.5 to 42.5 micrograms/kg/min. Duration of each step was 15 minutes. Doppler measurements were recorded at baseline and at each stage of dobutamine infusion, whereas aortic diameter was measured at baseline and at peak dosage by use of two-dimensional echocardiography.

RESULTS
Dobutamine infusion induced a significant increase in velocity time integrals and in peak flow velocities at the aortic, pulmonic, mitral, and tricuspid valves. Acceleration time-to-deceleration time ratio at the aortic wave also was increased significantly. On the other hand, ejection time, acceleration time, and deceleration time at the aortic and pulmonic valves and peak flow velocity of the E wave-to-peak flow velocity of the A wave ratio at the mitral and tricuspid valves decreased significantly during the test. The acceleration time-to-deceleration time ratio at the pulmonic wave was unchanged. A significant, progressive increase in cardiac index also was observed during dobutamine infusion, with a maximal increase of 104% from baseline. This was mediated initially by an increase in stroke index and, at higher dosages, by an increase in heart rate.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Doppler echocardiography performed during dobutamine stress testing may be a reliable method of assessing myocardial function in dogs with cardiovascular disease.


This study examined the characteristics of Sulgidduk with different amounts of apios powder (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%). The moisture content of Sulgidduk significantly increased with the addition of apios powder. Also, the pH values of Sulgidduk significantly decreased with the addition of apios powder. The addition of apios powder in the Sulgidduk decreased the lightness (L) in Hunter's color value, but increased the redness (a) and yellowness (b). By increasing the quantity of apios powder, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of Sulgidduk decreased and its springiness increased. The addition of apios powder in the Sulgidduk increased the total polyphenol content and DPPH-radical-scavenging activity. In the sensory evaluation, the addition of 20, 30% apios powder had the best score in taste and overall preference. This study suggests that apios powder is an excellent ingredient for improving the sensory preference and functionality of Sulgidduk. The study also shows that it was the addition of 30% apios powder can be used to make functional Sulgidduk.


An analytical method for a rapid determination of the protein dissolved from microorganisms after cell disintegration and protein extraction is presented, thereby distinguishing both the isoelectrical precipitable and the isoelectrical nonprecipitable protein fraction. The method is especially usefull for controlling disintegration and protein extraction steps in production of protein isolates from microbial biomasses.


Objectives : To assess the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy in patients with Tourette's syndrome.
Methods : We queried nine electronic databases using the keywords "Tourette's Syndrome" and "tuina OR chuna" to identify RCTs that investigated the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy in patients with Tourette's syndrome.
Results : Thirteen RCTs were selected according to the inclusion criteria. A system- atic review showed that Chuna manual therapy can have a curative effect on patients with Tourette's syndrome.
Conclusions : In this study, 13 RCTs reported that Chuna manual therapy was effec- tive for Tourette's syndrome. These findings provide a basis for its clinical use. However, all studies involved populations belonging to the same country. Many stud- ies lacked details of the research methodology. Therefore, further studies are re- quired to produce high-quality evidence.


This study finds its place in the field of knowledge of the taxonomic and coenotic diversity of the oribatid mites - one of the main groups within the edaphic mesofauna - from less investigated habitats and zones of the country. Present researches were carried out in three protected areas placed in the Central Moldavian Plateau, on the territory of Vaslui county: Rupturile slope at Tanacu, Glodeni hayfields, and Burcel's hillock. These nature reserves are included in the List of Natura 2000 sites, and no previous studies regarding the edaphic mites were carried out there. The fauna under study is relatively rich and varied from taxonomic view point: 64 species, belonging to 46 genera and 32 families of the order Oribatida Duges, 1834; among them, the genera Berlesezetes and Mystroppia, also the species Berlesezetes ornatissimus (Berlese, 1913) and Mystroppia sellnicki Balogh, 1959 are recorded now for the first time in the Romanian fauna. The taxonomic, zoogeographic and ecological spectrum of the fauna was analyzed, as well as the structure of the oribatid communities.


High quality ZnO microstructure optical cavities with different morphologies were fabricated. By using the spatially resolved spectroscopic technique, optical resonant modes were directly observed and further investigated systematically.


In this research,there are mainly USES video analysis,mathematical statistics and comparative analysis of 6 woman javelin games of the last strength athletes analysis,with emphasis on the shoulder and pelvis energy of movement Angle analysis.The research obtains the shoulder and pelvis in throwing the process of motor energy change rules and individual characteristics,in order to provide theory basis for the scientific training of the woman athletes.


Abstract The stereocontrolled synthesis of 2′-deoxynucleoside analogs was explored by intramolecular glycosylation of pyridazine, pyrazines and triazines. These heterocycles were temporarily connected to the 5-O position in 1-thioglycoside via ethereal linkage.


We formulate the most general form of the two-dimensional relativistic Grad-Shafranov equation in the Kerr metric. Our form allows consideration of relativistic and ultrarelativistic anisotropic pressure effects. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the two-dimensional-structure of ideal MHD flows with anisotropic pressure becomes possible. The standard double adiabatic approximation for anisotropic pressure is used.


This paper investigates the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to classify images encoded in compressible form using Discrete Cosine Tranform (DCT) as an alternative to raw image format. We show experimentally that DCT features, that are directly available from JPEG format for instance, can be processed as efficiently as raw image data using the same CNN architectures.


The climate in the Arctic, including the European sector, is changing rapidly (Report..., 2021). Currently, there is uncertainty as to whether the regularities of satellite-observed greening in tundra areas indicate a change in the vegetation cover in situ. The NDVI changes are multidirectional in different sectors of the Arctic and depend on the period taken for calculation (Bhatt et al., 2010, 2013; Epstein et al., 2017; Tishkov et al., 2018; Myers-Smith et al., 2020). Non-environmental factors (atmospheric changes, orbital drift, sensor degradation, snow duration or standing water) can give greening signals (Gamon et al., 2013; Raynolds et al., 2013; Guay et al., 2014). The winter and spring indicators (for example, coastal spring sea-ice area) represent potential predictors of tundra vegetation productivity a season or two in advance of the growing season (Bhatt et al., 2021).
The question of what happens to vegetation over a long period is more accurately answered by studies carried out by surface methods on monitoring sites having repeated geobotanical descriptions with an accurate geographical reference. An increase in the projective cover and height of the vegetation cover, an increase in the relative abundance of shrubs and grasses, and shrub vegetation spreading on hillsides and in river valleys have been established for the tundra of Alaska and the Canadian Arctic (Sturm et al., 2001; Tape et al., 2006; Gould et al. ., 2009; Myers-Smith et al., 2019; Harris et al., 2021). In other publications (Prach et al., 2010; Callaghan et al., 2011; Danils and de Molenaar, 2011; Matveeva and Zanokha, 2013b), on the contrary, it is shown that, despite climatic changes, the flora and vegetation remained mainly fairly stable in Alaska, Greenland, Spitsbergen and Taimyr. The changes are often recorded only in the locations where the landscapes are being physically changed or destructed (Jorgenson et al., 2015; Pospelova et al., 2017; Lavrinenko and Lavrinenko, 2020).
Flora, as a more conservative component of the vegetation cover, retains its composition and structure much longer than vegetation (Koroleva et al., 2019), however, the dispersal of species in our time is much faster than expected. A repeated inventory (decades later) of local tundra floras (Pospelov and Pospelova, 2001; Sekretareva and Sytin, 2006; Matveeva et al., 2014; Koroleva et al., 2019) shows an increase in their richness mainly due to species of more southern latitudinal groups. Northward migration of boreal species occurs mainly along river valleys.
We calculated climate indices for Eastern European tundras, which are important for plants, using the software ClimPACT (Alexander et al., 2013) and applying daily data series (Bulygina et al., website). Over the past 30 years, compared with the previous 30 years, the annual number of frost days (by 14-21 days) has significantly decreased, the duration of the vegetation period has increased (by an average of 2 weeks) as well as the number of growing degree days (by an average of 85 C) (Table 1).
It is important to focus attention on species discovered originally far from the previously known boundaries of their natural habitat, since they may indicate ongoing climatic changes. In this article, we supplemented the 5 local floras in the Malozemelskaya Tundra and Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, which we revisited in the period from 2019 to 2020, with 67 taxons (Table 2). The local flora "Bolvansky Nos" at the mouth of the Pechora River, which previously contained 222 species (Lavrinenko et al., 2016), has become one of the richest for its zonal positions (the northern zone of the southern tundra) and for the East European tundras in general due to new findings (34 species). The majority (69%) of the newly discovered taxons in the 5 local floras belong to the boreal fraction and there are even more such species (71%) in the "Bolvansky Nos" flora.
We also analyzed the species, which we found earlier during the inventory of 24 local floras on the islands and the mainland of the Eastern European tundra (Lavrinenko et al., 2016, 2019, marked with asterisks in the tables). The number of species discovered for the first time far from their location, which were previously indicated in the main reports of the last century, was 64. The main part (62%) of these species belongs to the southern latitudinal groups. Current locations indicate the northern limit of their spreading in the European North.
Most of these species penetrate to the north along the the valleys of rivers flowing in the meridional direction from south to north (Pechora and its tributaries, More-Yu, Neruta). Some aquatic and coastal plants have been found far north of their former locations, which is particularly impressive: Cicuta virosa, Eleocharis palustris, E. quinqueflora, Filaginella uliginosa, Juncus bufonius, J.nodulosus, Myriophyllum sibiricum, M. verticillatum, Naumburgia thyrsiflora, Potamogeton friesii, P.pusillus, P. sibiricus, Sagittaria natans, Sparganium angustifolium, Stuckenia filiformis. Many of them are not found just as specients, but they form communities and are highly vital (Lavrinenko and Lavrinenko, 2018; Lavrinenko and Dyachkova, 2021). In the last century, most of these plants were known from the middle/southern parts of the Komi Republic (Arctic..., 1960-1987; Flora..., 1974-1979) and are reported for the territory of the Eastern European tundra for the first time. The valleys of rivers flowing in the meridional direction from south to north are also a passage for the migration of meadow plants Dactylis glomerata, Lathyrus palustris, Sedum purpureum. New locations of arboreal species (Picea obovata, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Alnus fruticosa) can be considered as evidence of their northward movement along river valleys from the forest-tundra zone and the forest islands located to the south.
It is concluded that climate warming in the Eastern European sector of the Arctic contributes to the active natural dispersal of plant species of southern latitudinal groups to the north, especially along the valleys of large rivers flowing in the meridional direction.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of composite article whereat multiple elements are glued together under pressure. Said glue comprises one first component and at least one second component. Additionally, method comprises adjustment of ratio between first and second glue components. Time of compaction makes a restricting factor for the plant output and impedes the production planning. Compaction time is influenced by temperature of elements and ratio between glue components. Note here that said time can be notably decreased by increasing the amount of hardener as compared with that of used resin. EFFECT: control over gluing to ensure efficient production planning. 9 cl, 1 dwg