The developing fields of artificial intelligence (AI)/ machine learning (ML) offer a significant potential to improve healthcare services. Many areas of clinical practice, scientific research, and healthcare management have included AI/ML techniques. Screening and daily fitness monitoring, diagnostic services in gastroenterology, pathology, and radiology, as well as support for clinical decision-making and palliative care, are the main categories involved. However, there are significant obstacles to the widespread use of AI/ML in healthcare, including higher installation and maintenance costs, potentially harmful medical mistakes, a lack of ethical frameworks for AI, unemployment, and reduced capacity building within the human workforce. Many business initiatives have now been created in the field of healthcare AI/ML innovation. They offer everything from advanced diagnostics to vitals monitoring in their products and services. In short, AI/ML may be extremely important in addressing the difficulties with complexity and the explosion of data in the healthcare system. AI/ML is a component of contemporary healthcare, and its further adoption is contingent on thoroughly addressing pertinent issues.


The degradation of methyl orange (MO) as an anionic dye was evaluated with the aid of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) impregnated regenerated cellulose (RC) nanocomposite films as a photocatalyst. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used to obtain the RC films using the solution casting method, wherein, BiFeO3 (0‐5 wt%) was added into the MCC dissolution ionic liquid 1‐butyl,3‐methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl system. The film characterization was accomplished by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Bruaneur–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM). The photocatalytic performance of the film was evaluated by treating the catalyst dye mixture under direct sunlight until significant color removal of the dye was observed. The concentration of the dye at each time interval was determined with the aid of UV‐visible spectroscopy. According to the findings in characterization, BiFeO3 showed good compatibility with RC, and the impregnation of BiFeO3 in RC did not alter the physicochemical properties of pure RC. The photocatalyst showed a 90% degradation of 10 ppm MO as maximum with 3 wt% of BiFeO3 loading at pH 2 and the catalytic performance was stabilized for 4 cycles.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


These final results from DELPHI searches for the Standard Model SM Higgs boson, together with benchmark scans of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model MSSM neutral Higgs bosons, used data taken at centre-of-mass energies between 200 and 209GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 224inv. pb.The data from 192 to 202GeV are reanalysed with improved b-tagging for MSSM final states decaying to four b-quarks. The 95% confidence level lower mass bound on the Standard Model Higgs boson is 114.1GeV. Mass limits are also given on the lightest scalar and pseudo-scalar Higgs bosons of the MSSM.


This is a study of the relationship between partisan preference and social integration in natural work groups in several automobile plants. The basic finding is that the number of work group friends increases from the Democratic to the Republican end of a standard party identification scale. Since the political context of the study sample is heavily Democratic, attention is focused on the fact that Republicans in this environment are political deviants. It is suggested that friendship integration is a function of perceived deviance in that deviating from group norms leads to social insecurity, cognitive dissonance, and a need for opinion evaluation, all of which motivate affiliative behavior. Several hypotheses are deduced from this proposition. The first is that Republicans have less political contact in nonwork contexts, but more in the work group, than Democrats do. Second, the relationship between partisanship and friendship integration should be greater for members of social groups in which the pro-Democratic norm is stronger than for those in which this norm is weaker. Third, strength of identification with the norm-bearing group ought to be positively related to friendship integration among deviants, since identification would make the group's norms more salient and increase the deviant's discomfort. Fourth, political deviants should tend to choose each other as friends to a greater extent than political conformers do. Finally, since friendship alliances apparently serve a protective function for political deviants, it is hypothesized that among deviants (but not among conformers), friendship integration should be related to political participation. All the hypotheses are supported. The results are interpreted in terms of the critical function of social support for political deviants in pluralist societies. Since pressures for conformity are strong, it is important to understand the ways in which minorities deal with them. Friendships in work groups, ostensibly nonpolitical, therefore have important political functions.


deprived ferrets. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11: 3945–56. Korte M, Rauschecker JP. Auditory spatial tuning of cortical neurons is sharpened in cats with early blindness. J Neurophysiol 1993; 70: 1717–21. Lewald J. Vertical sound localization in blind humans. Neuropsychologia 2002; 40: 1868–72. Lewald J. More accurate sound localization induced by short-term light deprivation. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45: 1215–22. Petrus E, Isaiah A, Jones AP, Li D, Wang H, Lee H-K, et al. Crossmodal induction of thalamocortical potentiation leads to enhanced information processing in the auditory cortex. Neuron 2014. in press. Röder B, Teder-Sälejärvi W, Sterr A, Rösler F, Hillyard SA, Neville HJ. Improved auditory spatial tuning in blind humans. Nature 1999; 400: 162–6. Shelton BR, Searle CL. The influence of vision on the absolute identification of sound-source position. Percept Psychophys 1980; 28: 589–96. Voss P, Lassonde M, Gougoux F, Fortin M, Guillemot JP, Lepore F. Earlyand late-onset blind individuals show supra-normal auditory abilities in far-space. Curr Biol 2004; 14: 1734–8. Zwiers MP, Van Opstal AJ, Cruysberg JR. A spatial hearing deficit in early-blind humans. J Neurosci 2001; 21: RC142: 1–5.


Primary Raynaud's phenomenon (pRP) is characterized by an exaggerated response to cold, resulting in the whitening typically of the fingers and toes. The patients are generally perceived as healthy individuals with a benign condition. However, the condition has been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and changes in autonomic nervous system activity. This study aimed to investigate whether pRP is associated with pervasive changes in autonomic nervous activity. The hypothesis was that patients with pRP have increased sympathetic nervous activity.


In this study, description and original drawings of Echinothrombium spinosum (Canestrini, 1885) are given for postlarval forms. Morphometric data for adult and deutonymphs are presented here. Information about habitat and distribution for the species is also provided. The genus Echinothrombium is a new record for the mite fauna of Turkey.


Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) can improve the road safety, the traffic efficiency, and the availability of infotainment services. In order to meet the requirement of higher data rate for Long Term Evolution (LTE)-V2X, the carrier aggregation scheme was introduced in 3GPP Release 15. The enhanced resource selection mechanism for sidelink multi-carrier was studied, to support UEs with limited transmission capability performing multi- carrier operations and to alleviate the half- duplex impact. The system level simulation results show that the half-duplex impact can be suppressed and the proposed mechanisms in this paper can improve the reliability of LTE-V2X sidelink multi- carrier operation.


Interactions between microbial communities and organic matter were analyzed for soils from the project regions 'Ecosystem Research in the Agricultural Landscape/FAM, Munich' in southern Germany and 'Ecosystem Research in the Bornhoved Lake district' from northern Germany using ratios between microbial biomass content (Cmic), microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) and organic carbon content (Corg). In the agricultural soils in southern Germany, the qCO2/Corg ratio differed significantly with respect to agricultural management in contrast to ecophysiological Cmic/Corg ratio. In addition, Cmic/Corg ratio decreased from 39 to 21 mg Cmic g—1 Corg and qCO2/Corg ratio increased from 72 to 180 mg CO2-C g—1 Cmic h—1 (g Corg g—1 soil)—1 with increasing soil depth. For the upper soil horizons from the landscape in northern Germany the two quotients differed significantly with reference to land use showing highest microbial colonization under grassland and lowest under beech forest. In contrast, C use efficiency was lowest in arable field under maize monoculture and highest in a wet grassland having a high organic C content.


boreen, a storm of good-tempered irony breaks out behind him, that would surprise him could he hear it." It is at such moments as these, when Bruna gets close to her source material, that the value and point of Synge's travel writing becomes clear. However, such moments are infrequent because they are obscured by an almost overwhelming amount of theoretical jargon, citing numerous theorists to back up particular points. Herein lies a grand irony: Bruna values Synge for his realism and straightforward language, yet her own language is opaque and sometimes unidiomatic. This irony becomes palpable when she remarks that Synge's journalism "has much in common with left-wing engagé writings such as George Orwell's The Road to Wigan Pier" (86). Yes, "engagé" is in standard dictionaries, but I doubt Orwell would use the word, and he certainly would not write about "Synge's modus scribendi" (92). In "Politics and the English Language" Orwell enjoined writers to "Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent." I would have appreciated Bruna's extensive research and insights much more if she had taken this Owellian approach in her own writing. J. P. WEARING University of Arizona


The main purpose of this paper is to establish inequalities related to the right hand side of Hermite-Hadamard's type for function whose derivatives in absolute value are quasi-convex .


Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) is a human prion disease with different etiologies. To determine the spectrum of tau pathologies in CJD, we assessed phospho‐Tau (pTau) immunoreactivities in 75 sporadic CJD cases including an evaluation of the entorhinal cortex and six hippocampal subregions. Twelve cases (16%) showed only small tau‐immunoreactive neuritic profiles. Fifty‐two (69.3%) showed additional tau pathology in the medial temporal lobe compatible with primary age related tauopathy (PART). In 22/52 cases the lower pTau immunoreactivity load in the entorhinal cortex as compared to subiculum, dentate gyrus or CA4 region of the hippocampus was significantly different from the typical distribution of the Braak staging. A further 11 cases (14.7%) showed widespread tau pathologies compatible with features of primary tauopathies or the gray matter type of ageing‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). Prominent gray matter ARTAG was also observed in two out of three additionally examined V203I genetic CJD cases. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed prominent increase of total tau protein in cases with widespread tau pathology, while pTau (T181) level was increased only in four. This correlated with immunohistochemical observations showing less pathology with anti‐pTau T181 antibody when compared to anti‐pTau S202/T205, T212/S214 and T231. The frequency of tau pathologies is not unusually high in sporadic CJD and does not precisely relate to PrP deposition. However, the pattern of hippocampal tau pathology often deviates from the stages of Braak. Currently applied examination of cerebrospinal fluid pTau (T181) level does not reliably reflect primary tauopathies, PART and ARTAG seen in CJD brains.


Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter‐event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra‐event scale. An in‐depth investigation of the inter‐ and intra‐event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (FV), stemflow funnelling ratio (FR), and stemflow ratio (F%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter‐ and intra‐event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the FV, FR and F% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on FV and F% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter‐event scale, FV had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (GP) and event duration (DE) for both tree species, whereas FR and F% had a positive logarithmic correlation with GP and DE only under high‐intensity, short‐duration rainfall type. FR and F% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30‐min rainfall intensity under low‐intensity, long‐duration rainfall type. At the intra‐event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high‐intensity, short‐duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high‐amount, long‐duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5‐min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter‐ and intra‐event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.


Based on work of Daniel and Mira [4], we prove that for each H > 0, there exists a unique (up to ambient isometry) immersed constant mean curvature H sphere SH in Sol3, where Sol3 is the nonabelian solvable 3-dimensional Lie group equipped with its usual leftinvariant metric that makes it into a model space for one of the eight Thurston geometries; see Bonahon [2] or Scott [13] for a discussion of the Thurston geometries that can occur for compact 3-manifolds. Since this proof also demonstrates that SH has index one, the results in [4] imply SH is embedded and the left-invariant Gauss map of SH is a diffeomorphism. One key new result that we prove in order to obtain these results for constant mean curvature spheres is the existence of height estimates for certain constant mean curvature H graphs in Sol3, which depend only on any fixed positive lower bound for H. By the work in [4], the existence of the spheres SH for all H > 0 implies the existence for all H ≥ 0 of a complex (holomorphic only when H = 0) quadratic differential QH defined on all constant mean curvature H surfaces M in Sol3 and which, for H > 0, vanishes on an open set of M if and only if M is contained in some left translation of SH ; furthermore, when QH is not identically zero on M , it has isolated zeros on M and negative index at these zeros.


Image registration has been a hot research spot in the computer vision technology and image processing. Image registration is one of the key technologies in image mosaic. In order to improve the accuracy of matching feature points, this paper put forward the least square optimization in image mosaic based on the algorithm of matching similarity of matrices. The correlation coefficient method of matrix is used for matching the module points in the overlap region of images and calculating the error between matrices. The error of feature points can be further minimized by using the method of least square optimization. Finally, image mosaic can be achieved by the two pair of feature points with minimized residual sum of squares. The experimental results demonstrate that the least square optimization in image mosaic can mosaic images with overlap region and improve the accuracy of matching feature points.


The new method of calculation of a mass operator of Fourier image of Green's function, based at the generalized method of Feynman-Pines diagram technique for the multi-level systems, is proposed for the system of three-level localized quasiparticle interacting with polarization phonons at T=0K. The main class of diagrams, studied in this approach, made it possible to renormalize the mass operator and present it in a form of continuous branch chain fraction with typical chains. It allows effective accounting of multi-phonon processes. It is shown that the complicated complexes of bound-to-multi-phonons states of quasi-particle are observed in the energy spectrum of the system under research.


The daily fixed-dose combination of elbasvir (50 mg)/grazoprevir (100 mg) was evaluated in patients with a history of failed peginterferon/ribavirin therapy in the C-EDGE TE study. In this phase 3 trial, patients were randomized to 12 weeks or 16 weeks of elbasvir/grazoprevir, with or without ribavirin. Genotype 1 patients treated for 12 weeks without ribavirin had an overall SVR12 of 93.8% (90/96), which was nearly identical to the response rate in patients treated for 12 weeks with added ribavirin (94.4%, 84/89) (Kwo, 2017). Response rates were similar in the 16-week arms without ribavirin (94.8%, 91/96) and with ribavirin (96.9%, 93/96). A subset analysis of patients with compensated cirrhosis revealed similar response rates to the population without cirrhosis when treated with elbasvir/grazoprevir without ribavirin for 12 weeks (SVR12 with cirrhosis 95% [19/20]; SVR12 without cirrhosis 94.9% [37/39]).


InfraRed imaging Video Bolometers (IRVBs) can provide hundreds of channels of bolometric data forming an image of the plasma radiation [B.J. Peterson, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 3696 (2000)]. By calculating the geometry matrix (or response matrix) of the detector field of view (FoV) with respect to a predefined three dimensional (3D) plasma grid of plasma voxels these geometry matrices can be used for 3D tomography of the plasma radiation. This is done by assuming that the plasma reproduces itself every half field period. Then by combining the FOV of 3 IRVBs with different views of the plasma (top, tangential, semi-tangential), one large geometry matrix can be derived relating 1968 IRVB channels to 13,161 plasma voxels. Results indicate that FoVs should be modified or supplemented to view plasma voxels near the helical divertor xpoints of the diagonal cross-sections (5◦


The popularity of the field of electromyography has reached at a height in the past few years. There are several factors that contribute to the achievement of such a height like sensor technology advancement, exponential rise of computational abilities of computer, progress in understanding of human body and increasing awareness of benefits of interdisciplinary studies. The posture and orientation are the key for the identification of the EMG signal. Sign language is based on the use of specific sign or gesture. Individual sign has three components i.e. shape of hand, movement and location of hand. Multiple signs can be identified with different postures and orientation. This paper presents the fundamental concepts of analog to digital data acquisition with the goals of recording better quality of EMG signals generated by the posture and orientation of muscles of hands. In this paper, a wireless and wearable multi sensor EMG system is developed to translate sign language into spoken language for the dumb, so that they can convey their message through sign to the person who don't know sign language by converting it into spoken form. The paper gives the introduction of EMG, calculation of mean absolute value by short time analysis, knowledge of sensors method and experimental setup along with the scope of EMG and result of the experiment and the recordings obtained.


This study aimed to investigate the link between the exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), core self-evaluations (CSE), and psychological adaptation of Chinese adolescents, through analysis of the results from the Survey of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale, Core Self-Evaluations Scale, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, involving a total of 597 Chinese middle school students. It is indicated that the exposure to IPV is positively correlated with lower levels of psychological adaptation and CSE, and CSE is positively correlated with higher levels of psychological adaptation. Mediation analysis revealed that CSE partially mediated the association between the exposure to IPV and psychological adaptation. These results suggest that educators and parents should help adolescents tackle their emotional and behavioral problems by reducing the risk of IPV exposure and increasing their CSE.


A dual-band and dual-mode millimeter wave through glass via (TGV) antenna integrated in a glass interposer layer has been designed for wireless inter-/intra chip and board communications. A disc loaded TGV antenna is configured as a directional patch mode for out-of-plane communications at 62 GHz (WiGig), where the disc is a main radiating element, while the antenna operates as an omni-directional monopole mode for in-plane communications at 77 GHz (W-band), where the vertical via is a main radiating element. As the glass interposer layer serves as an antenna hosting material as well as an electromagnetic wave channel medium for wireless communications, low dielectric loss glass substrates with a loss tangent of 0.0036 are adopted.


Research in our laboratories and the results of many other investigators has led us to propose two hypothesis of neuroanatomical neurophysiological disturbances in the brains of chronic alcoholics. First, many of the behavioral deficits appear to be most readily explained by disturbed frontal-limbic connec' lions. Alcoholics appear to have deficits in maintaining "sets" leading to correct performance on non-verbal but conceptual tasks, a finding reminiscent of frontallobe damaged animals. Second, other neuropsycnological deficits appear to be in those functions governed by the right hemisphere, i. e., tasks involving visualspatial conceptual or perceptual-motor performance. Comparisons of groups of alcoholics on verbal tests of intelligence (Shipley-Hartford) and visual spatial tests (Raven's Progressive Matrices) indicate deficits in the latter but not the former in long term alcoholics. Both hypothesized disruptions, the right hemisphere and the fron'.,1 limbic, result in altered behavior of which the alcoholic remains largely "unaware." The general theme of this symposium is that alcohol in acute doses leads to altered states of consciousness. In the case of chronic alcoholism, I submit that they.can best be understood as altered states of unconsciousness. Before ,.. being accused of playing with words, let me remind you that consciousness remains a rather slippery and ill-defined concept (Globus, 1973). Most definitions of consciousness refer to a focus of awareness, a subjective searchlight which plays across a vast background of neural activity. As with the iceberg, which is mostly submerged, the i» eponderance of brain functioning never reaches the -2020 Brain 1.)mage ru d'Oculiot.cs rather narrow pathway we term consciousness. The famous English neurologist Henry head (Head, 1963) pointed out how consciousness itself is often unware of what is missing. Consider, for example, the patient who hRs a visual field scotoma. Such a person adjusts his visual behavior automatically to compensate for the field cut. It is frequently a surprise to the patient when the loss is demonstrated. Or consider the person who has petit-mal epilepsy and picks up a train of conversation after a brief seizure as though there had not been an intervening lapse in consciousness. Recall also the altered behavior in frontal lobe patients where judgment and accountability for one's behavior is impaired to the observer but not from the patient's point of view. Recently a new dimension of the conscious-unconscious states has emerged from the "split-brain" studies in humans (Sperry, 1968). If the human brain is Odivided into two largely separate hemispheres by cutting the connecting cornmissures (corpus callosum, anterior and posterior commissures), and if material is prese-ted to the left and right hemispheres separately, Sperry and his colleagues have shown thrt the left hemisphere responds verbally and skillfully to various problems. When the same subject is presented with the same stimuli to the right hemisphere, the subject makes appropriate behavioral choices but cannot verbally explain his behavior. It is as though the behavior is not in the focus of consciousness or at least it cannot be communicated by the right hemisphere. These findings have led work.rs such as Eccles (1973) to postulate that consciousness is located in the left hemisphere. While this position clearly does not account for all of the facts, it does seem that consciousness is more 0 comrnqnly associated with the overt or covert activity which we call languag.:.


The increasing frequency of vehicle breakdowns presents a challenge for automobile drivers, especially when faced with unexpected breakdowns in unfamiliar locations. This article addresses the need for an effective solution by proposing and implementing an Automobile Breakdown Service Provider (ABSP) model. Vehicle breakdowns, caused by factors such as poor road conditions, battery failure, or mechanical issues, often require immediate attention from certified artisans. The ABSP model aims to enhance the breakdown assistance process by incorporating driver feedback through ratings and reviews of artisan services, ensuring reliability and trustworthiness. To develop the ABSP model, limitations of existing Road Side Assistance (RoSAS) models were analyzed and taken into account. The iterative process model was employed for implementation, allowing early software versions to accommodate evolving requirements. The system's frontend utilized Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), while the mobile application was developed using Flutter—a versatile Dart-based framework for cross-platform mobile app creation. The backend was supported by the Laravel Framework, based on Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), with MySQL serving as the relational database for record storage. The ABSP model's significance lies in its ability to provide drivers with verified and rated artisans, ensuring efficient breakdown resolution, payment automation, and minimizing the challenges associated with breakdowns in unfamiliar or dangerous locations. This article offers insights into the design and implementation of the ABSP model, contributing to enhanced reliability and convenience in addressing automobile breakdowns.


This paper considers mean field games in a continuous time competitive Markov decision process framework. Each player's state has pure jumps modelled by a self-weighted compound Poisson process subject to impulse control. We focus on analyzing the steady-state (or stationary) equation system of the mean field game. The best response is determined as a threshold policy and the stationary distribution of the state is derived in terms of the threshold value. The numerical solution of the equation system is developed.


Four milligrams of ethionine containing 14C-ethyl ethionine was injected into the chick yolk sac on day 4. The resulting embryos were reduced in size but without gross malformation. Studies of growth and of disposition of label showed that ethionine reduced the DNA increment and increased the specific activity of DNA during the first 24 h. During days 5-12 the DNA content continued to fall behind that of controls while its specific activity of label from ethionine progressively increased. Elution of TCA supernates from Sephadex columns indicated that ethionine was available to the embryos during this time. Since the specific activity of the label in the protein and RNA fractions remained at relatively constant levels, label reached these fractions throughout the experimental period. The increasing specific activity of DNA indicated labeling at a rate exceeding the rate of net accumulation, and thus there was selective labeling of DNA from ethionine.


AIM To perform a meta-analysis of the association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India among adults. METHODS To conduct meta-analysis, we performed comprehensive, electronic literature search in the PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar. We restricted the analysis to studies with documentation of some measure of obesity namely; body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and diagnosis of hypertension or diagnosis of T2DM. By obtaining summary estimates of all included studies, the meta-analysis was performed using both RevMan version 5 and "metan" command STATA version 11. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic. Funnel plot analysis has been done to assess the study publication bias. RESULTS Of the 956 studies screened, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled odds ratio between obesity and hypertension was 3.82 (95%CI: 3.39 to 4.25). The heterogeneity around this estimate (I2 statistic) was 0%, indicating low variability. The pooled odds ratio from the included studies showed a statistically significant association between obesity and T2DM (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24) with a high degree of variability. CONCLUSION Despite methodological differences, obesity showed significant, potentially plausible association with hypertension and T2DM in studies conducted in India. Being a modifiable risk factor, our study informs setting policy priority and intervention efforts to prevent debilitating complications.


This study describes transportation demand management (TDM) measures that were introduced as social experiments in Toyota City. The headquarters and several main production lines of Toyota Motor Corporation are located in Toyota City, and the economy of Toyota City depends on the automobile industry. In addition, mass transportation systems are inadequate. The population of Toyota City is 300,000 and mass transportation systems are not financially feasible. Consequently, people use cars to commute and to shop, and Toyota City is severely congested, particularly during rush hours. To address these problems, the Ministry of Construction, Aichi Prefecture, and Toyota City set up an investigation in which they conducted traffic surveys in detail and negotiated with related organizations to seek feasible TDM measures. Many measures to prevent traffic congestion were deliberated from the viewpoint of necessity and feasibility. As a result, two TDM measures were introduced as social experiments: 1) reinforcement of bus service in the city center and 2) introduction of shuttle bus service between the railway station and the production lines to urge commuters to change their means of transportation. Researchers have learned how citizens feel about the necessity of these measures and how effective these TDM measures are.


Aim:To assess the probability of cervical and upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma .Clinical material and method:From 1989 to 1996,616 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy through right thoracotomy and three field lymphadenectomy.There were 388 males and 228 females.The tumor located in upper portion of the esophagus in 64 patients,middle portion in 452 and lower part in 108.According to pTNM classification,stage 0 was in 2 patients,stage I in 28,stage IIa in 184,stage IIb in 172,stage III in 144 and stage IV in 86.Results:352 patients had cearival and upper midastinal lymph node metastasis with a metastasis rate of 57.1%.Metastases were found in 21.5%(1792/8344)of total dissected lymph nodes;in which 23.8% (384/1630) from neck and 33.1%(210/606) from upper mediastinum.When cancer is located in the upper and middle portion of esophagus ,lymph node metastasis were 43.7% and 39.4% in the neck,37.5% and 15% in the upper mediastinum.When cancer is T 3 and T 4,lymph node metastasis were 43.6% and 56.6% in the neck,24.6% and 33.3% in the upper mediastinum.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that carcinoma in the upper and middle portion of the esophagus have higher rate of lymph node metastases in the neck and upper mediastinum.In order to prevent lymph node recurrence and to improve long term survival,extended lymph node dissection of three field,particularly the neck and upper mediastinum,shoud be performed routinely.


High-quality training of teachers of a wide profile has been and remains a priority area of public life in any state. The laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education" and "On the National Program for Personnel Training" define the basic principles and directions for the implementation of state policy in the field of education and upbringing of future citizens of the country. Key-words: National Program, Training, Education and Training, Basic Principles, Synthesis, Evaluation.


Before commencing his purely Textile Course, the student has had, at least, a two years' course consisting of Practical Mathematics and Drawing, English, and Laboratory Work in Mechanics and Physics. The syllabus for Mathematics includes: Mensuration of the rectangle, parallelogram, triangle and oircle; surface areas and volumes of the cylinder, cone and sphere; measurements are made from everyday objects and models, and symbolical representation of the results leads to formulae and substitution of numbers in these formulae. From this we pass to simple equations. Squared paper is used to plot results of measurements made (either in the Mathematics lessons or the Laboratory), such as comparing:—circumferences and diameters of circles; areas of triangles of equal altitudes and different bases; extensions and loads for a spring; corresponding readings of temperatures in C.° and F.°, and from these we pass to proportionality, or variation. Powers and roots are dealt with, and the use of Logarithms taught. The Drawing, which is taught alongside the Mathematics, consists of: Hand-sketches, plans, elevations and sections of models and parts of machinery used by the students.


Introduction Calcium phosphate ceramic coatings are bioactive coatings that have been shown to conduct bone apposition by direct bone bonding. The cell and tissue level mechanisms that underlie the osteoconductivity are not known. The biodegradation of calcium phosphate biomaterials is assumed to take place by solution – drive and cell – mediated processes ([1-4]). The factors concerning the biodegradation have not been completely elucidated. The chemical composition, physical characteristics and crystal structures play an important role in the biological behaviour of calcium phosphates. In addition, the biodegradation may be influenced by the experimental conditions: experimental models, implantation sites, and animal species. The physical factors include form (particulate or bulk), porosity, surface area, and crystallinity (crystal size, crystal perfection grain size). Factors tending to increase rate or extent of biodegradation include increases in porosity, reductions in crystal size, increase in number of crystal imperfections, and decreases in grain size. The chemical factors depend on composition and ionic substitution in materials. The biological factors include pH drops due to cell mediated factors, osteolytic infection and disease, degree of bone contact, type of bone, animal species, age sex, hormone levels, and genetic predisposition. The Ca-P coatings are readily resorbed in a physiological environment in contrast to hydroxyapatite ceramic coatings. This in vitro study using rabbits as the animal model determined the degradation rate of the ceramic by histomorphometry and analyzed the bony reaction to ceramic coated pins.


The claim made by antifoundationalist thinkers such as Nietzsche, Heidegger, and more recently Richard Rorty is that the search for a standard or foundation for our moral and political judgments inevitably arrives at a distorting reductivism. This radical claim, if true, makes dubious the very possibility of political philosophy understood as the rational investigation of human affairs. A response to this claim which merely adduces the potentially harmful consequences of such a view is inadequate; our manifest need for such a standard in no way guarantees the existence of such a standard. An adequate response requires that we meet the premise of the antifoundationalist view. That premise resides in a certain understanding of Platonic thought, an understanding which I here undertake to show is mistaken.


Summary The effects of chitosan or a yeast extract on the production of secondary metabolites and on the induction of plant defence responses in cell suspension cultures of Malus × domestica Borkh. were investigated. Chitosan or yeast extract enhanced the production of phenolic acids by 1.5-fold and by 2.0-fold after 3 d of culture following elicitor treatment, respectively, compared to untreated control cell suspension cultures. The production of specific phenolic acids responded differently to chitosan and to yeast extract. Among the dominant phenolic acids, the production of p-coumaric acid was stimulated by chitosan and by yeast extract up to 10.3-fold and 5.1-fold within 3 d, respectively, compared with the concentration in control cultures within 3 d. Chlorogenic acid concentrations were increased 2.7-fold within 3 d of culture by yeast extract treatment compared to the controls. There was no difference in the amount of phenolic acids released into the culture medium between control and elicitor-treated cultures, indicating that these elicitors had no effect on the release or transport of phenolic acids. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was reduced up to 33% by elicitation. While yeast extract maintained control levels of cell growth in culture, chitosan inhibited cell growth in culture by 72%.


Abstract We study polynomials over an integral domain R which, for infinitely many prime ideals P, induce a permutation of R/P. In many cases, every polynomial with this property must be a composition of Dickson polynomials and of linear polynomials with coefficients in the quotient field of R. In order to find out which of these compositions have the required property we investigate some number theoretic aspects of composition of polynomials. The paper includes a rather elementary proof of 'Schur's Conjecture' and contains a quantitative version for polynomials of prime degree.


The quality of continuous-cast steel slabs is greatly affected by the flow pattern in the mold, which depends on the flow exiting the nozzle. This flow pattern governs the motion of non-metallic inclusion particles and bubbles, surface fluctuation at the meniscus. The flow patterns in the nozzle and mold are also greatly affected by argon gas injection, which is widely employed to reduce nozzle clogging [1, 2]. The argon gas bubbles may attach with small inclusions and become entrapped in the solidifying shell, resulting in pencil pipe and blister defects [3, 4] on the surface of the final product, especially in ultra-low carbon steels for automotive applications. Particle entrapment is more severe towards the inside-radius side of the wide face [5], which has been attributed solely to strand curvature increasing the upward flotation of bubbles towards that face of curved casters [5].


The use of computational models and simulations to predict events that take place in our physical universe, or to predict the behaviour of engineered systems, has significantly advanced the pace of scientific discovery and the creation of new technologies for the benefit of humankind over recent decades, at least up to a point. That 'point' in recent history occurred around the time that the scientific community began to realize that true predictive science must deal with many formidable obstacles, including the determination of the reliability of the models in the presence of many uncertainties. To develop meaningful predictions one needs relevant data, itself possessing uncertainty due to experimental noise; in addition, one must determine model parameters, and concomitantly, there is the overriding need to select and validate models given the data and the goals of the simulation. This article provides a broad overview of predictive computational science within the framework of what is often called the science of uncertainty quantification. The exposition is divided into three major parts. In Part 1, philosophical and statistical foundations of predictive science are developed within a Bayesian framework. There the case is made that the Bayesian framework provides, perhaps, a unique setting for handling all of the uncertainties encountered in scientific prediction. In Part 2, general frameworks and procedures for the calculation and validation of mathematical models of physical realities are given, all in a Bayesian setting. But beyond Bayes, an introduction to information theory, the maximum entropy principle, model sensitivity analysis and sampling methods such as MCMC are presented. In Part 3, the central problem of predictive computational science is addressed: the selection, adaptive control and validation of mathematical and computational models of complex systems. The Occam Plausibility Algorithm, OPAL, is introduced as a framework for model selection, calibration and validation. Applications to complex models of tumour growth are discussed.


Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has evolved rapidly becoming an effective alternative to open repair (OR) for most of the aortic diseases. Operative treatment of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAD) increased from 79% during late 90′s to about 90% of the last five‐years period with a parallel steady improvement in operative‐ related mortality. In contrast, the in‐hospital mortality of patients unfit for surgical repair remained stable, up to 60%. While OR with ascending graft replacement is still the gold standard of operative intervention, the concept of treating endovascularly the ascending aorta is an intriguing alternative for those patients deemed unfit for OR. Since the first‐in‐man successful case described by Dorros et al. in 2000, several experiences reported encouraging results with ascending TEVAR (aTEVAR) in different aortic scenarios: in particular, ATAD has been the most frequent indication reported in clinical experiences of aTEVAR. Unfortunately, a lot of hope has been challenged by uncertainties determined by anatomic landmarks, complex anatomy, and hemodynamic forces in the ascending aorta determining difficult and limited technological progresses.


This paper states and investigates a number of problems related to the usage of XML for description of resource metadata and ontologies. The goal of the study is to elaborate a set of rules that regulate the employment of specific technology for descriptions of semantic structures. Such choice is determined by properties of the declaration language and specifics of web-resources. In the paper, the following aspects of XML-based approach are analyzed: limitations and capabilities of the language for building ontologies of different types; capabilities to extend the language for adequate knowledge representation of a subject domain; existence and employment of technologies and methods for automatic construction of metadata and ontologies; capabilities of knowledge validation on ontologies. It is stated that the XML language was not designed to be a special tool for building semantic structures. However, an XML-system (data, scheme, set of transforms) is well-placed to build ontologies or ontology-abstract software agents. In this case, the knowledge representation model can be described by a tree of concept.


Business operations underpin the economic system of regions and nations, but under a logical sense of business interrelationships, mastery of an accounting-financial language is required for a full understanding that guarantees international negotiations based on unique financial information that reveals the image Faithful of business. In view of this, the purpose of the present investigation is to describe the International Accounting Standards standard regarding its application to business operations in Colombia. Methodologically, a literary review is proposed, with a descriptive study, based on the IFRS standard and the guidelines of the Technical Council of Public Accounting as guarantor of the process. It was found that the Colombian State with the support of the CTCP and the Superintendence of Societies decided to converge to the IFRS standard by establishing a plan framed in a time horizon to achieve the adoption or adaptation of the national regulation before the body of international standards, without However, in the business system, challenges and implications for assuming the process are revealed, for which recommendations were enunciated to be considered by businessmen and organizations from their core areas.


ABSTRACT Monacolin K (MK) is a type of cholesterol-lowering agent produced by Monascus spp. The expression level of the mok E gene, a gene of the MK biosynthesis gene cluster, was previously speculated to be positively correlated with the production of MK. In this study, mok E was overexpressed in Monascus fuliginosusis CG-6. The expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Genome walking was used to analyze the insertion site of the exogenous gene. Results showed that MK production in transformants T-mok E1 (4083.2 μg/g), T-mok E2 (6186.3 μg/g), and T-mok E3 (4527.6 μg/g) was 1.7-fold, 2.5-fold, and 1.8-fold higher than that of the wild strain CG-6 (2469.8 μg/g), respectively. The expression level of mok E in T-mok E1, T-mok E2, and T-mok E3 was 1.83-fold, 4.82-fold, and 2.22-fold higher than that in the wild-type strain (WS CG-6), respectively. The AAA ATPase gene located upstream and acetyl-CoA synthetase gene located downstream of the insertion were obtained by genome walking. These results indicate that the expression of the mok E gene was positively correlated with the production of MK. The expression levels of the AAA ATPase gene and acetyl-CoA synthetase gene were enhanced by the insertion of an exogenous gene.


In the current literature, theoretical, and empirical studies present varying implications regarding the effectiveness of countercyclical fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy. While most studies suggest that countercyclical fiscal policy stimulates or inhibits economic growth, others document insignificant impact. However, these existing studies solely analyze the impulse of fiscal policy to the economy without distinguishing whether the impulse factor originates from within or outside the economy. Therefore, we aim to explore the effectiveness of countercyclical fiscal policy within an alternative framework that discerns the origin of the impulse factor and revisits the impacts of countercyclical policy in developing countries. Our theoretical framework argues that the countercyclical fiscal policy only makes sense if it is conducted with external debt or other external instruments. Employing the dataset that covers 201 countries over the 1990-2020 periods, we document evidence for the use of countercyclical fiscal policy in developing countries.


The existing congestion control is hard to simultaneously achieve low latency, high throughput, good adaptability and fair bandwidth allocation, mainly because of the hardwired control strategy and egocentric convergence objective. To address these issues, we propose an end-to-end statistical learning based congestion control, named Iris. By exploring the underlying principles of self-inflicted delay, we find that RTT variation is linearly related to the difference between sending rate and receiving rate, which inspires us to control video bit rate using a statistical-learning congestion control model. The key idea of Iris is to force all flows to converge to the same queue load and adjust bit rate by the model. All flows keep a small and fixed number of packets queuing in the network, thus the fair bandwidth allocation and low latency are both achieved. Besides, the adjustment step size of sending rate is updated by online learning, to better adapt to dynamically changing networks. We carried out extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of Iris, with the implementations over transport layer and application layer respectively. The testing environment includes emulated network, real-world Internet and commercial cellular networks. Compared against Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) flavors and state-of-the-art protocols, Iris is able to achieve high bandwidth utilization, low latency and good fairness concurrently. Especially for HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) video streaming service, Iris is able to increase the video bitrate up to 25% and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) up to 1 dB.


To improve the accuracy of determining mechanical stresses in steel by the method of magnetoelastic demagnetization (magnetoelastic memory), the magnetoelastic sensitivity of the material to elastic stresses is additionally measured by applying or removing an additional load of a known value. We present the results of studying the magnetoelastic demagnetization of locally magnetized steel by varying stresses of the uniaxial tension or compression against a background of the base load. The magnetoelastic sensitivity of the steel in a loaded state to variable stresses has been assessed. It is shown that the determination of the magnetoelastic sensitivity of the steel to variable loads makes it possible to improve the accuracy of estimating base stresses in the steel structure using magnetoelastic methods. It is revealed that a decrease in the strength of the magnetic scattering field of the local residual magnetization (LRM) of the steel after variable loading (or unloading) exponentially depends on the magnitude of the base stresses. The possibility of controlling the uniaxial mechanical stresses in steel structures in the magnetoelastic memory mode which is based on the dependence of the strength of magnetic scattering field of the local residual magnetization of the steel on the uniaxial stresses is shown. A method for monitoring uniaxial stresses in the elements of steel structures by the method of magnetoelastic memory is proposed using the measured magnetoelastic sensitivity of the material. The results obtained can be used in the development of a method for monitoring the stress-strain state of steel structures during operation under the simultaneous effect of static and dynamic loads.


In Women in Love,Lawrence expresses his worries about human unbalanced ecology.He also pays attention to the environmental degradation,the distorted marriage and the alienation of human's spirit.This paper will interprets Women in Love from the three perspectives of ecocriticism,namely,Natural Ecology,Social Ecology and Spiritual Ecology,which respectively reveal the complexity of three basic relationships:man-and-nature relationship,man-and-man relationship and man-and-self relationship.To interpret the novels from the perspective of ecocriticism,we can explore the deep connotation of Lawrence's thoughts and understand his transcendent ecophilosophy.


Recent declines in cancer incidence and mortality have not been distributed equally across the United States. Factors such as tobacco cessation and human papillomavirus presence might differentially affect urban and rural portions of the country.


Abstract : Inovatia Labs is developing a family of coatings that incorporate a pigment that promotes oxidation of contaminants by several mechanisms, including absorption of visible light and catalytic activation of atmospheric oxygen. Topical application of ethyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (CEES) and of triethyl phosphite (TEP) as a challenge resulted in 50% conversion of CEES and TEP into the respective oxides CEESO and TEPO in an hour and a minute, respectively. This suggests capacity to protect against HD and organophosphates. Testing with challenges of E. coli and of B. subtilis spores shows the ability of the coating to suppress colonization of plastic tubing and of water in the tubing, even when 67% of the tubing is wrapped to exclude light, as in a dental irrigation system. Gradual attenuation of moderately large populations in water is also seen. Applications are proposed to maintaining sterility in clean areas, polishing and preservation of potable water, enhancement of chem-bio decontamination procedures on coated surfaces, and as a sensor for biological contamination.


Abstract This article examines employee experiences with family and medical leave policies at an urban public transportation union work site in the United States. The case study focuses on the leave experiences among a sample population of 91 primarily African-American women transit workers, including reasons for taking or not taking leaves, decisions regarding how much leave time to take, and work impacts experienced after returning from leaves. The case study found that all respondents with new babies or ill children took leaves, as did 78% of those with illnesses and 39% of those with ill family members. Among those eligible to take leaves, the most frequent reason for not doing so was the lack of wage replacement. Knowledge of leave policies was minimal and not associated with the likelihood of leave-taking. These findings are discussed in terms of their workplace and community implications, including the need to expand the length and types of family leave coverage, the need for government-mandated pa...


Aims: To evaluate in how much time the interferential current (IFC) accommodation occurs, and how many times this accommodation happens in 10 minutes using different patterns of variations in the frequency of stimulation: ∆F null = 0; ∆F low = 30% and ∆F high = 70%. Materials and methods: crossover trial, with 15 volunteers, with mean age of 22.53 ± 0.91 years, of both genders. The patients were submitted to IFC for 10 minutes as bipolar with the electrodes longitudinally arranged on the vertebrae L1 and S1. The equipment parameters were: base frequency of 4000Hz, AMF 100 Hz, delivery ramp of ΔF 1:1, ΔF depending on the day and the subgroup, for 10 minutes. The accommodation threshold as well as how many times the current accommodated in the total time of stimulation were evaluated. Results: The time of the first accommodation and the number of accommodation evidenced no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that there was no effect with the variation of the different ∆F analyzed.


The purpose of this literature review was to integrate research on Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and attachment, by evaluating the effect of attachment styles on
LMX quality. The strength and robust findings supporting attachment theory have long been recognized in clinical psychology. More recently, researchers in organizational psychology have found that secure and insecure attachment patterns explain and predict the quality of relationships between leaders and their associates, under the framework of an important leadership theory: LMX theory. However,
because of the applied nature of leadership research, we expect that a large number of studies remain buried in grey literature, such as organizational reports, academic
theses, and working papers. The objective of this thesis is to collect systematically the results of all available research on the effect between secure and insecure
attachment patterns and the strength of LMX-Based Relationships for leaders. To date there is no review available on the aggregate size associated with the
relationship between a leader's attachment and the quality of related LMX relationships, in spite of LMX theory being one of the most influential leadership theories of the 20th century. This thesis will fill a critical gap in the psychological literature by providing a systematic review of accessible academic databases and Google Scholar. Articles retrieved from these sources were included or excluded based on replicable criteria. Each article was evaluated regarding its methodological quality and in terms of its results and conclusions. The results arising from this thesis provided the data necessary to make overall recommendations regarding the strength of the effect between a leader's attachment and the quality of related LMX
relationships based on all relevant studies, including the identification of patterns of effect within the focal articles.


This paper maps the details study of Project Management Processes i.e. Project Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring, Controlling & Closing. This paper gives the introduction to the key concept in the project management field; it summarizes the processes, inputs & outputs that are considered good practices on most of the projects most of the times. The project management is application of knowledge, skills, tools & techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. The process is set of interrelated actions & activities performed to achieve a pre-specified product, result, or service. Project management processes are grouped in to five categories known as Project management Process Groups or Process Group. This paper will elaborate on this process Groups by using the live project & will guide the New Construction Managers about how to monitor & track the project with ease. "Everything becomes simple when it reduce to fundamentals" is basis of Project management Processes.


In this article, we examine the maps used by the US government during the New Deal to treat the very serious problems faced by farmers at the time. The technique of local area surveys based on mapping was developed, midway between university and government administration, which is still widely used today. The aim was to come up with an exhaustive map of the United States and introduce the bureaucracy to handle it. Far from being disciplinary instruments to control the population at a distance, the maps were one of the ways the population with its new characteristics arising from the Depression gradually transformed government.


This study is motivated by current issues in transportation acoustics, where the goal is to predict and reduce the noise radiated by vibrating structures. Potential applications include passive and active vibroacoustic control of extended sources. In this work, the vibration of structures is described by numerical techniques. Structures like beams and plates can be modeled by finite element techniques. Nonlinearities effects originated by large displacements formulation are use to describe the mechanical system. In this implementation, the dynamic model of the Von-Karman equations is used and the solutions are projected over the linear modes of the structure. The structural system is coupled to the infinity fluid action. It was used one temporal formulation calculated by a convolution integral of the fluid radiation impedance and the champ of velocities of the mechanical system. The fluid-structure effects are extent to heavy fluid coupling. The goal of this work is put numerical simulation of sound radiated by vibrating structures including sound-structure coupling. The formulation is developed in the extended case including resonance modes and geometrical nonlinearities of the structure. Two geometrical configurations of the plate were used. The results obtained by the numerical method using the present models are achieved and the influence of geometrical nonlinearities on sound radiation is explored. Firstly, the linear model was used to study the acoustic radiation influence on the dynamical responses. One second analysis was performed, using a nonlinear formulation. This way, the heavy fluid radiation effects on the nonlinearities were investigated.


Democracies have experienced two trends in the last decades: the growing personalization of politics and the increasing relevance of regions in the political process. This article addresses these trends by posing two questions: Do political leaders influence the vote in regional elections? Do regional party leaders have a larger impact on voter preferences than their national counterparts in regional elections? To answer these questions, we analyzed five regional elections held in Andalusia between 2004 and 2018. The results show that both national and regional leaders matter in regional elections. However, the effect of national and regional leaders is "conditioned" by the characteristics of the leaders themselves, their respective parties, and citizens' party attachments. Additionally, there is no clear evidence that the type of relationship between national and regional leaders of the same party—cohesion-like or confrontation-like—and the electoral context variables may affect the voting decision in multi-level government systems.


A study on frontal crashworthiness of a commercial vehicle is carried out to improve the safety of commercial vehicles.The finite element model is built first according to the geometric information of the cab.Then the boundary constrains and load conditions are analyzed.We get the conclusion based on the emulational evaluation of crashworthiness and the safety analysis of ECER29.


Thymomas are common anterior mediastinal tumors with a relatively favorable prognosis compared to that of other types of thoracic malignancies. However, thymomas that invade surrounding structures, such as the heart or vena cava, have been infrequently reported, and intracardiac thymomas are exceedingly rare. Treatment of invasive thymoma is difficult because the high rate of incomplete resection results in a high rate of recurrence. Herein, we present a rare case of a thymoma that originated in the right atrium and extended into the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic vein.


Autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) models are mathematical models of the persistence, or autocorrelation, in a time series. ARMA models are widely used in hydrology, dendrochronology, econometrics, and other fields. There are several possible reasons for fitting ARMA models to data. Modeling can contribute to understanding the physical system by revealing something about the physical process that builds persistence into the series. For example, a simple physical water-balance model with precipitation as input and including terms for evaporation, infiltration, and groundwater storage can be shown to yield a streamflow series as output that follows a particular form of ARMA model. ARMA models can also be used to predict behavior of a time series from past values alone. Such a prediction can be used as a baseline to evaluate the possible importance of other variables to the system. ARMA models are widely used for prediction of economic and industrial time series. Another use of ARMA models is simulation, in which synthetic series with the same persistence structure as an observed series can be generated. Simulations can be especially useful for established confidence intervals for statistics and estimated time series quantities. ARMA models can also be used to remove persistence. In dendrochronology, for example, ARMA modeling is applied routinely to generate residual chronologies – time series of ring-width index with no dependence on past values. This operation, called prewhitening, is meant to remove biologically-related persistence from the series so that the residual may be more suitable for studying the influence of climate and other outside environmental factors on tree growth. ARMA models can be described by a series of equations. The equations are somewhat simpler if the time series is first reduced to zero-mean by subtracting the sample mean. Therefore, we will work with the mean-adjusted series , 1, tt y Y Y t N    (1) where t Y is the original time series, Y is its sample mean, and t y is the mean-adjusted series. One subset of ARMA models are the so-called autoregressive, or AR models. An AR model expresses a time series as a linear function of its past values. The order of the AR model tells how many lagged past values are included. The simplest AR model is the first-order autoregressive, or AR(1), model 11 t t t y a y e   (2) where t y is the mean-adjusted series in year t, 1 t y …


From the view of Emily's love, we can divide her life into three stages: passion oppressing period, trying to love period and post-love period. Each period is full of unique and strong tragic feature. As a stipulated person of southern old tradition, Emily's love towards Homer gives a challenge to "the root of southern history and class", so the tragedy is inevitable. No matter from Faulkner's sympathy and respect, or the townsfolk's lament and memory towards old tradition, a rose should be given for Emily.


It is an interesting topic to study decentralized control algorithms for a group of agents to achieve a class of collective circular motion, or called torus. An algorithm was proposed in [1] where no global beacon information is required, however, the agents are homogeneous. In particular, it was assumed that the agents have a common nominal rotation radius and share a common reference frame. In this paper, an improved algorithm is proposed on heterogeneous agents by removing the two assumptions.


Things are getting pretty exciting in severe asthma. For so many years patients have struggled with disabling symptoms, and doctors have felt both frustrated and ambivalent about using drugs that are toxic and only partially effective. Now we can see the promise of real clinical benefits from developments on several fronts. These include a new range of pharmacologic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies that have emerged from a traditional scientific pathway discovery and validation paradigm. But the 'what the—?!' moment in severe asthma therapeutics comes from medical procedural interventions, interventional '-oscopy', one of which is described here, namely the injection of botulinum toxin into laryngeal tissues. The new paradigm that underpins each of these approaches is the definition of a pathophysiological pathway that is active in severe asthma and then applying an effective pathway-specific therapy. This idea of a companion diagnostic test that is linked to a specific therapy seems to offer a powerful approach to an otherwise refractory disease. But with all of these new therapies, and laryngeal botoxification is no exception, it is essential that careful clinical evaluation is applied in order to match the right treatment to the right person. This reinforces good clinical acumen as the basis of this new medical practice. In addition, the complexity of severe asthma appears to require a multidisciplinary team to maximize the benefits of interventions, and a policy framework that can allow this to happen, where ongoing reimbursement is linked to objective evaluation of clinical response. It is against this background that Baxter et al. report their experience with laryngeal botulinum toxin for refractory asthma. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the larynx provides the companion diagnostic test that identifies abnormal vocal cord movement. Their work also highlights the middle airway as a forgotten organ, and this has implications for disease terminology, measurement, pathophysiology (i.e. what is happening and why) and treatment. Most of the focus in severe asthma has been on the bronchial tree or lower airway. The remainder of the respiratory tract is usually lumped together as the upper airway. While systematic assessment of nasal disease is recommended, the role of the larynx is variably addressed. Recently, Bardin et al. have made the case that the larynx and related structures are sufficiently different from the nose and that a distinct term should be used to recognize this part of the respiratory tract. Certainly the functions of the middle airway, which include respiration, vocalisation, airway protection, swallowing and coughing, are very different from those of the nose, which include blowing, dripping and sniffing. Progress in this area will require substantial agreement on terminology, as well as specific measurement tools. The term 'middle' airway extends the logic of an upper and lower airway but has yet to enter common use. While not all precedents are compelling (middle age, middle seat), others can be (middle earth). Presumably the concept is equally valid in sleep medicine, so it would be interesting to hear how the sleep physicians respond to placing obstructive sleep apnoea in the middle airway basket. The ENT literature is rich in articles on this issue and often uses the term 'central' to locate the airway obstruction to the laryngeal airway. Some may say we already have good terms in the form of larynx, throat and pharynx. It is certainly worth the discussion, and when this article is discussed in journal clubs, the use of 'Botox' will allow sufficient jokes to entertain all. To the existing but underused tools of direct visualisation with laryngoscopy and measurement of airflow during inspiration, we can now add imaging using 320-slice dynamic CT of the larynx. Baxter et al. used this technique both to select patients for botulinum toxin and to describe their response to treatment. It provided a necessary quantification to substantiate the study results. But what exactly is the condition they are treating? This is not entirely clear. The clinical description is recognisable, namely severely symptomatic asthma with abnormal vocal cord movement. Is this condition just vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), which is well established to both mimic and co-exist with severe refractory asthma? This seems unlikely, or if it is, our understanding of VCD will have to change. First, dynamic CT has revealed that variable middle airway obstruction can occur both above and below the vocal cords. Second, VCD usually responds well to speech therapy, and the patients who received botulinum toxin had failed speech therapy. As an aside, a detailed comparison of the speech therapy responders and the non-responders may shed some light on the pathophysiology of middle airway obstruction in the setting of severe asthma. Third, VCD is described as a disorder of paradoxical vocal cord closure with inspiration, but the benefits from laryngeal botulinum toxin were seen during expiration, and not inspiration. How does the treatment work? That is not entirely clear. What we can say is that it does not work by improving asthma and lower airway function, as there were no recorded changes in FEV1, FEV/VC or bs_bs_banner


The therapeutic application of Cannabis is more a matter of history than of present-day practice. Synthetic analgesics and hypnotics have almost entirely displaced these preparations from their original field of application. The newer synthetics are more effective and reliable and, in addition, have been more intensively exploited by commercial interests. Cannabis preparations have come to occupy so minor a place among modern medicinals that it has been suggested that they be abandoned altogether, this latter point of view being based on the assumption that they represent a menace from the standpoint of the hashish habit. Such an action would certainly be too drastic in view of the circumstances. For one thing, the therapeutic use of cannabis and the hashish habit are almost entirely unrelated. The drug has been readily available in this country for almost a century without developing more than a very occasional, isolated instance of hashish abuse. The marihuana habit came into this country by other channels, although it is true that once established as a practice, some few individuals have made use of the "drug store" preparations. The 1937 Federal legislative acts should be wholly effective in making these preparations completely unavailable for any further abuse of this sort. More stringent regulations making the drug unavailable for medical and scientific purposes would be unwise, since other uses may be developed for the drug which will completely overshadow its disadvantages. The drug has certain remarkable properties and if its chemical structure were determined and synthetic variations developed, some of these might prove to be particularly valuable, both as therapeutic agents and as experimental tools.


Sometimes the best, most costeffective way to preserve fish habitats is to dismantle an existing dam, such as this dam on the Minjiang River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River in Sichuan Province, China. Image credit: Wei Zhao (Affair Center for Protection and Management of Rivers and Lakes in Sichuan Province). On the white sand of the bottom Lay the monster MisheNahma, Lay the sturgeon, King of Fishes; Through his gills he breathed the water, With his fins he fanned and winnowed, With his tail he swept the sandfloor. —From "The Song of Hiawatha," an 1855 epic poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) inspired by Native American legends.


Our editorship of APSA-CP, which began in fall 2002, ends with this issue. Our second four-year contract has expired, and we are both eager to move on to other projects. Nevertheless, we are grateful to the Section for having entrusted the editorship to us for such a long period. We hope we have provided a useful service to our readers. Serving as editors has definitely been beneficial to us personally, as well as to our department and university.


Rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea composita and Dioscoreae zingiberensis (containing wild and planting) were taken as raw materials for diosgenin production. Four kinds of diosgenin products were prepared through saponin pulp isolated by water separation, fibre and starch separated as a subsidiary to recycle resources, high temperature and pressure hydrolysis of saponin pulp, and the extraction rate of diosgenin was more than 94%. Four kinds of diosgenin products were white, and the microstructures were all blocky according to the results of SEM. Then they were analyzed by XRD, XRD, FT-IR, HPLC and melting point detection. Thus the results showed that peaks of four kinds of diosgenin products almost overlap, the purity were all more than 95%, and the melting points were all higher than 195C. The four kinds of diosgenin products accord with the standard of industry from the physical and chemical testing and analysis.


A Dissertation submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science and Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Master of Business Administration, 2004


Objective To research the changes of cytokines in hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 241cases of HFMD,who were divided into two groups:severe cases and general cases,to detect five cytokines:interleukin(IL-2),IL-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)simultaneously by Luminex multiplexed assays.Results There were 134severe cases and 107general cases,the result showed that the levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-αin severe cases were higher than those of general cases,and the differences were significant,respectively 8.71(21.88)μg/L vs 4.91(9.4)μg/L, 18.78(42.02)μg/L vs 10.42(13.59)μg/L,7.98(18.77)vs 5.55(8.32)μg/L,28.73(64.48)vs 17.67(36.5)μg/L(P 0.05),but no significant differences of IFN-γlevel existed between the two groups.Conclusion Some cytokines increase in children with severe HFMD,indicating that inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines reaction may play important role in the pathogenesis of severe cases in HFMD.


Consider the reflection of a converging vertical ultrasonic beam of frequency f1. The beam is incident from below on a free surface of a liquid and after reflection comes to a focus in the liquid at a distance z below the surface. Now consider the consequences of introducing a second beam of frequency f2≪f1, which is incident at a moderate angle θ with respect to the vertical. It is generally realized that sum and difference frequency waves may be generated from nonlinear interaction in the volume of beam intersection. The present analysis is concerned, however, with a second interaction mechanism: the diffraction of the f1 beam from the traveling surface displacements induced by the reflection of the f2 beam. The displacements are restrained by the liquid's bulk modulus. A quasilinear approximation, analogous to the Raman‐Nath approximation for the diffraction light from ultrasonic beams, predicts the formation of focused ± 1 diffraction orders of frequency f1 ± f2. If this grating mechanism is considere...


Road network is important for the development of city. Reasonable distance between road intersections is important to design a good road network. But different points exit in China. The advised spacing value of urban road network has a big range. In professional books on urban planning and traffic engineering, the theory about capacity of road section that is affected by the distance between intersections. The theory of best density of public transport network was often mentioned. But the theory about capacity of road section that is affected by the distance between intersections has logistic mistake. The use of best density of public transport network lack of premise analysis in the theory to find reasonable spacing between road intersections. It is one of the important reasons why the road network is so sparse in most cities of China.


Ethnopoetry statement: I have taken to heart the observation by Bjørn Thomassen (2012) in his essay ''Notes Towards an Anthropology of Political Revolutions'' that ''the study of political revolutions ought to figure more prominently in both ethnography and anthropological theory'' (p. 701). My earlier ethnographic work includes an embedded study of small-town life (Raisor, 2013) and American sports (Raisor, 2014), both deeply rooted in my own experience. For my current project, I have not set up a field study of revolutionary events, so my recent poems are historical in nature. I have drawn from wide-ranging texts and used one of poetry's favorite devices—the persona—to enter lives, which have, in fact, experienced a revolution. Thus, my characters, such as Mrs. Pankhurst, Victor Serge, Nathan Hale, and numerous faceless participants, expose the components of the revolutionary mind—its bitterness, failures, aspirations, its death-defying self-centeredness, and what James Scott (1990) calls its ''hidden scripts.'' Today, journalists are often on the frontlines of revolutionary activity. In the three poems I am submitting, I have placed my reporters in a ''field study'' of their own. In the midst of micro and macro events, they often find that both are tragic and understandable. Form, content, and narrative are inextricably linked in these poems. My narrators are forced to go beyond simply reporting; they are moved to comprehend the contradictions, cross-purposes, and downright absurdities that accompany the pursuit of change. What they often discover, on the one hand, is the ambivalence of the revolutionary experience, and, on the other, the enduring persistence of the ''I'' to remain the enduring symbol of resistance. I think that by listening to the voices in these three poems and being drawn into their conditions, we are better able to understand and feel (that's what poetry does) both the intractability and dangers of the revolutionary spirit.


Sequence generator pseudorandom noise (PN) short rotation comprising: - a shift register linear feedback LFSR (520) to generate PN states; - An index counter (530) to provide an index of said LFSR states; and - a control unit controllable rotation (540) to adjust the frequency of state change in said LFSR (520) and, in parallel, in said index counter (530); wherein - said shift register with linear feedback LFSR (520) and said index counter (530) are loadable and in that the sequence generator pseudorandom noise (PN) rapidly rotating further comprising - a digital signal processor DSP (500 ); - a reference counter (510) for providing a reference state to said digital signal processor DSP (500); - a state table for storing a subset of PN states and corresponding index values which can be recuperadapor said DSP.


This paper proposes a framework, namely adaptive iterative learning control (AILC), which is used in the control of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope, to realize high-precision trajectory tracking control. According to the characteristics of the MEMS gyroscope's model, the proposed AILC algorithm includes an adaptive law of parametric estimation and an iteration control law, which is updated in the iterative domain without any prior knowledge of MEMS gyroscopes. The convergence of the method is proven by a Lyapunov-like approach, which shows that the designed controller can guarantee the stability of the system and make the output tracking errors to converge completely to zero while the iteration index tends to infinity. By comparing AILC and traditional PD-ILC, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of AILC and its robustness against external random disturbance.


Vibration control is an important aspect of all pump design. It helps assure quiet operation and high reliability. Therefore, the design of pump components should avoid any dangerous resonances with excitation forces, such as unbalance, misalignment, vane passing frequencies, etc. A key pump component is the bearing housing, since this transmits forces from the shaft to the pump casing and therefore to foundations. Bearing housing designs having good dynamic behavior can reduce vibration levels and dramatically improve both the reliability and life of the whole pump assembly.


Objective The aim of this study was to study the effects of Tribulus terrestrison sexual function in menopausal women. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that included 60 postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. The women were divided into two groups, placebo group andTribulusgroup, andevaluated by using the Sexual Quotient—female version (SQ-F) and Female Intervention Efficacy Index (FIEI) questionnaires. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in age, age at menopause, civil status, race, and religion. In the evaluation with the SQ-F questionnaire, there were significant differences between the placebo (7.6 � 3.2) and Tribulus (10.2 � 3.2) groups in the domains of desire and sexual interest (p � 0.001), foreplay (3.3 � 1.5 versus 4.2 � 1.0) (p � 0.01), arousal and harmonious interaction with the partner (5.7 � 2.1 versus 7.2 � 2.6) (p � 0.01), and comfort in sexual intercourse (6.5 � 2.4 versus 8.0 � 1.9) (p � 0.01). There was no significant difference between the placebo and Tribulus groups in the domains of orgasm and sexual satisfaction (p ¼ 0.28). In the FIEI questionnaire, there was a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in the domains of vaginal lubrication during coitus and/or foreplay (20 versus 83.3%), sensation in the genitalia during sexual intercourse or other stimuli (16.7 versus 76.7%), sensation in thegenital region (20 versus 70%), sexual intercourseand/or other sexual stimulations (13.3 versus 43.3%), and the ability to reach orgasm (20% versus 73.3%). There was no significant difference in adverse effects between the two groups. Conclusions After90daysof treatment,at thedosesused,wefoundTribulusterrestris to be effective in treating sexual problems among menopausal women.


Cationic liposomes (CLs) are synthetic carriers of nucleic acids in gene delivery and gene silencing therapeutics. The introduction will describe the structures of distinct liquid crystalline phases of CL–nucleic acid complexes, which were revealed in earlier synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. When mixed with plasmid DNA, CLs containing lipids with distinct shapes spontaneously undergo topological transitions into self-assembled lamellar, inverse hexagonal, and hexagonal CL–DNA phases. CLs containing cubic phase lipids are observed to readily mix with short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules creating double gyroid CL–siRNA phases for gene silencing. Custom synthesis of multivalent lipids and a range of novel polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids with attached targeting ligands and hydrolysable moieties have led to functionalized equilibrium nanoparticles (NPs) optimized for cell targeting, uptake or endosomal escape. Very recent experiments are described with surface-functionalized PEGylated CL–DNA NPs, including fluorescence microscopy colocalization with members of the Rab family of GTPases, which directly reveal interactions with cell membranes and NP pathways. In vitro optimization of CL–DNA and CL–siRNA NPs with relevant primary cancer cells is expected to impact nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo. This article is part of the themed issue 'Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation'.


A few weeks ago (this paper was written in June 1997), I received a marketing brochure telling me about two more new journals on evidence-based practice, health policy and management which will be invaluable to me in my job as a public health doctor and purchaser. The editors and editorial boards of these journals are very well known and knowledgeable figures and I do believe that these journals will be stimulating and informative. But I am not rushing to subscribe. Let me explain why. Apart from the overload caused by BUMPH 1 and burgeoning journals (I now only read the British Medical Journal, Journal of the American Medical Association and Journal of Public Health Medicine regularly), my views on publication 2 and lack of funds to subscribe for journals, I have major reservations about the number and content of sources of information on evidence, policy and management. Currently, there are, I feel, far too many sources and I am using only a few and not making enough impact. The main problem is that we, corporately in the health care system, have not examined and understood how information from various national and international initiatives should be used. Take me as a purchaser. What is my main business? To negotiate contracts, specialty by specialty, with providers, with the aim of influencing practice and improving health. But do I know what there is to know about that specialty in terms of evidence, policy and management; evidence on effectiveness for the range of interventions practised; the likely new developments; our policy on these, priority setting and on investment and disinvestment decisions; and how to increase efficiency in the specialty by innovative models of delivering health care whether in primary, secondary or tertiary facilities? The answer is No. Do the clinicians and managers at the provider end, and general practitioners, know about these issues?-No. So where am I going with this? I am not asking that we stop producing new journals. In this free world publishers take the risk and people have a choice about whether to write for these journals and subscribe to them. I am also not against generalist journals; many of us are generalists and find these useful, and we can often make 'imaginative' connections. But I am not reading and subscribing to many of these now. To publishers, and aspiring editors, I would suggest that there is an urgent need to …


The requirements for silicon foundry technology serving the RF / mixed signal and high performance analog (HPA) market are very different from those intended for mostly digital designs. RF / HPA applications require a rich set of features in a modular platform with accurate RF models for first-pass design success in demanding applications that stress speed, voltage and noise requirements. In this paper we present examples of such technologies focusing on two areas of particular recent interest: silicon technology for the front-end module of wireless handsets and high-speed SiGe BiCMOS technology serving high-speed networks and mmWave wireless applications.


the invention discloses a preparing method of silicon-polypropylene nanometer foaming material through supercritical carbon dioxide technology, which comprises the following steps: placing polypropylene, polysiloxane and compatible agent copolymer in the CO2 flow at supercritical condition; swelling and penetrating for 0.5-1h; releasing rapidly to normal pressure; cooling to 5-30 deg.c to obtain the product.


ABSTRACT The most commonly used method for treating gas emissions generated during the drying process in chipboard production plants is the Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP). The wastewater generated from the WESP process is considered hazardous due to high pollutants loads and cannot be treated efficiently using conventional treatment methods, such as chemical and biological treatment, sedimentation, and various separation processes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate a novel and efficient treatment method for WESP wastewater. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has recently gained attention as a powerful technique that can remove organic pollutants from wastewater in a short time. In this study, the removal of pollutants from real WESP wastewater was investigated using the SCWO process. The effects of operating conditions; oxidation rate, reaction temperature, and process reaction time, were studied under different experimental conditions. For the SCWO process, optimum conditions 99%, the reaction time of 166 seconds, oxidant ratio of 1.78 and 600°C were determined for 95% yield of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN). The overall results showed that the TOC and TN removal efficiencies increased with the increase of temperature, oxidant dosage, and reaction time. The result from this study indicated that SCWO is a promising and innovative technique for the treatment of WESP wastewater.


For streamlining the activities of software development, a number of software development processes has been proposed in the past few decades. Despite the relative maturity in the field, large companies involved in developing software are still struggling with selecting suitable software processes. This article takes up the challenge of developing a framework that supports decision makers in choosing an appropriate software development process for each individual project. After introducing the problem, the software development processes included in this research are identified. For being able to align software development processes and software projects, a number of project characteristics is next determined. Based on these two analyses, a decision framework is proposed that, given the project characteristics, determines the most appropriate software development process. In a first attempt to validate the framework, it has been applied onto two case studies where the outcomes of the decision framework are compared to those found by means of a collection of experts' opinions. It was found that the framework and the experts yield similar outcomes.


Some of the world's largest funders of medical research have agreed that the results of all the trials they fund or support will be made publicly available.

In a joint statement, 10 international research bodies, including the UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the Indian Council of Medical Research and the Institut Pasteur, agreed that all trials they fund, co-fund, sponsor, or support will be registered in a publicly available registry. They also said that all results would be disclosed within specified time frames, either …


Adenine- and uridine di- and triphosphates (in a 3 mM concentration) increase considerably phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPPase) (EC 220.127.116.11) activity of rat and chicken myocardium homogenates. AMP and Pi are effective inhibitors of the enzyme. The ATP activating effect is also shown in partially purified preparations of rat myocardium PPPase. ATP is able of protecting significantly the enzyme during its thermodenaturation.


The amount and nature of sex education provided varies from school to school. Teachers regard it as fraught with difficulties. It is a sensitive subject, there is no statutory training, no set curriculum or examinations to work towards, and it is one of many areas to be dealt with in an increasingly crowded Personal and Social Education programme by teachers who often also have a guidance role and a subject commitment. Drawing on data from 25 schools in Scotland, this paper considers how teachers talk about sex education, and looks at the factors that shape provision, at the school and teacher levels. The broad priorities of the senior management team, and the views and experience of key individuals, shape programme design. Within schools, the values, experiences and characteristics of individual classroom teachers are important in understanding what sex education is actually delivered, particularly where the Guidance Team lacks cohesion.


The mechanism of NOx formation in coal combustion, NOx control methods and key DeNOx technologies is to be introduced. Denitrification is very significant for saving energy and carbon sources. By analysis of NOx production mechanism, the principles of controlling NOx production and lowering emission of NOx by classified combustion are described. Combined with actual operation, low-NOx combustion rehabilitation programs and relevant test to be done is to be proposed. The actual operation of the unit achieved good results after the transformation, provide a reference for similar units.


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/crd The editors of all cardiovascular journals in North America and Europe meet each year at the annual scientific sessions of the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. We discuss a variety of issues of shared concern. Recently, we have been discussing disclosure of potential conflict of interest, particularly financial disclosures. The following statement was adopted by the editors as reflecting the strongly held opinions of the group. These guidelines will be published in all cardiovascular journals over the next year and will be implemented thereafter. The guidelines were written by a subcommittee of the Heart Editors Action Round Table consisting of the following members: Seymour Furman, MD (Chairman), Joseph S. Alpert, MD, Jay N. Cohn, MD, and Gerald C. Timmis, MD. Cardiology will implement these guidelines immediately.


Said from the world angle,although insisted that the style can call the tradition not necessarily,but did not insist,certainly slowly will lose the use nationality element ability,loses opportunity which will receive passes on and develops!


This study aims to analyze the 2011 CET-4 Cloze-test(C-test) section by attempting to use language testing theories from both home and abroad. The paper introduced the background of C-testing development worldwide and reviewed 60 years' foreign studies and 20 years of domestic studies. The methodology is mainly descriptive and qualitative study. The analyses find out that the 2011(December) CET-4 C-test section is against the C-testing principles and may have a negative wash back on college English teaching and learning.


The transition of historical actors from forgotten figures to subjects of reproach for their deeds is central to understanding the power of memory movements. In this article, we examine the public recollection of national "traitors" in Korea, focusing on the recent attempt of a South Korean research institute to create a biographical encyclopedia of pro-Japanese collaborators during the Japanese occupation of Korea from 1910 to 1945; the purpose of this enterprise is to establish a "patriotic" history of this period in Korean collective memory. Why and how did such a revisiting of history take place in the first decade of the twenty-first century? To answer this question, we examine not only the historical context that affects national memory but also the efforts of various groups to revive or suppress memory in light of nationalistic ideologies.


This article focuses on Martin Heidegger's little read travel journal,  Sojourns  (1962), and explores how it yields surprisingly fruitful insights into our contemporary era of neoliberal globalization via its implicit exploration of the complex interconnections between travel, phenomenology, and ethics. Specifically, I posit that  Sojourns  contains an implicit praxis-oriented phenomenological methodology and ethics of global travel that together gesture towards a coherent practice of "deep travel," which American literature scholar Cinzia Schiavini aptly defines as "a vertical movement in a closed space which starts from the surface of the land and goes backward in time, searching for the hidden social and cultural dynamics embedded in that [given] geographical context."


The invention discloses a pulse wavelength modulation (PWM) generator based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). The generator comprises an FPGA, wherein the FPGA is loaded with a decoding interface unit, a triangular carrier generating unit and n PWM signal generating units. The novel PWM signal generator disclosed by the invention can be realized by combining with FPGA hardware programming language and FPGA circuit design software tool, so as to better solve the problem in a high-power electronic system that the precision is affected since computation is heavy and digital control is delayed due to multiple paths of PWM signals; the carrier frequency, the dead time and the enable signal can be designed according to demands of the system, and the application range is wide and flexible application to various situations is realized; and meanwhile, the PWM generator still has the advantages of high reliability, reduced hardware design cost, strong antijamming capability and the like when being applied to other PWM signal generating circuits.