Fracture of the clavicle is a common injury and usually heals with non operative treatment. Non-union is rare and is usually managed in symptomatic patients with surgery. We present the successful management of two patients with persistent clavicular non-union following previous attempts of internal fixation. The technique described combines traditional internal fixation with advanced bone biology techniques of a recombinant osteogenic protein (OP-1) and electrical stimulation.


The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a custom power device, which mitigatesvoltage and current-related PQ issues in the power distribution systems. In this paper, a UPQC topologyforapplications with non-stiff source is proposed. The proposed topology enables UPQC to have areduced dc-link voltage without compromising its compensation capability. This proposed topology alsohelps to match the dc-link voltage requirement of the shunt and series active filters of the UPQC. Thetopology uses a capacitor in series with the interfacing inductor of the shunt active filter, and the systemneutral is connected to the negative terminal of the dc-link voltage to avoid the requirement of the fourthleg in the voltage source inverter (VSI) of the shunt active filter. The average switching frequency of theswitches in the VSI also reduces; consequently the switching losses in the inverters reduce. Detaileddesign aspects of the series capacitor and VSI parameters have been discussed in the paper.


This article shows part of the process of designing and modeling a new maintenance management model completely aligned to the quality management standard ISO 9001:2008 and expressed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML); the features of this modeling language gives the possibility of easily integrate the maintenance process into the general information system of an organization and to create a flexible structure to adapt it to new necessities. This article begins describing the suggested new maintenance model and the methodology used to design it; next are exposed some important concepts about processes modeling and then some of the modeled diagrams are presented: the general architecture, the goals tree diagram, an specific process (Control & Improvement) and a state diagram for the Maintenance Work Order. This paper finishes with the conclusions and the references used during the research.


Studies on the optimum enzymolysis regulating technology of lemon juice were carried out through kramer organoleptic investigation.The results were as follows: temperature 40℃,time 100min and usage of enzyme 30U/L.


This aim of this article is to present and analyze the main theoretical conceptions proposed by Rodney Stark, Roger Finke and Laurence Iannaccone, formulators of the rational choice theory of religion. Without aiming to be exhaustive, it focuses on their theory's innovations and limitations and the theoretical debate provoked in its wake, examining the notions of rationality, state deregulation of religion, monopoly, pluralism, competition, market, supply, demand and 'strictness.'


Heats of formation for benzene, cyclohexane and other selected hydrocarbons, along with the heats of several isodesmic and isogyric reactions involving these species, are reported at the G2,G2(MP2) and G2(MP2,SVP) levels of theory. All three models predict heats of isodesmic reactions very accurately. G2 heats of isogyric non-isodesmic reactions are also reliable, but G2(MP2,SVP) heats of such reactions (e.g. hydrogenation) can be significantly in error. In the case of 'large' hydrocarbons, an accumulation of small component errors can cause G2,G2(MP2) and (surprisingly to a lesser extent) G2(MP2,SVP) heats of formation evaluated from atomization energies to be unreliable. However, the accumulated error in the heat of formation can be estimated in advance. In cases where the predicted error is large, more accurate heats of formation can generally be obtained with the help of isodesmic (and to a lesser degree isogyric) reactions rather than by following the standard procedure based on heats of atomization.


The paper proposed recommendations for the use of paradoxes in probability theory and mathematical statistics for students of physical faculties of pedagogical universities; the range of probability of paradoxes and their physical interpretations.


According to Wright, the old debates in Pauline studies are still going on; many still pursue them energetically. But the landscape has changed completely. Paul and His Recent Interpreters tries to describe that change; even to explain it. Part of the aim of the book is to place the very different worlds of Pauline discussion side by side, and to suggest that they might like to talk to one another.


Thermal softening was measured to determine the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the insoluble lignin s. The thermal softening temperature (Ts) of DHP prepared by dialysis membrane method (175 °C) was higher than those of bamboo MWL (162 °C), Zutropfverfahren DHP (162 °C) and Zulaufverfahren DHP (134 °C). The results indicated that the DHP by dialysis membrane method has a higher molecular weight and a higher degree of cross-linked structure than MWL and other DHPs.


Selecting the right software to run a local area network (LAN) has never been an easy task - and it hasn't gotten any easier as computer technology has advanced. This article provides the basic information to help CPAs in business and industry and in public practice choose between the two leading network programs - Novell's NetWare and Microsoft's NT Server. WHO NEEDS A NETWORK? If your organization consists of more than one person with a computer, and each needs to communicate with the others, then give serious consideration to a LAN. The alternative is to use what's called the sneaker net - where users (presumably wearing sneakers) dash from computer to computer exchanging data on floppy disks. The sneaker net may be low tech, but it works. However, there will come a time when it's clear that dashing from workstation to workstation and swapping disks is not very efficient. And when an organization finally recognizes that, its time to doff the sneakers and install a network. While there are several network programs available, no matter how big or small your organization is, the real choices have narrowed to just two giant vendors: Novell and Microsoft. Novell's NetWare has been the standard LAN product for years and it controls the lion's share of the market. But a few years ago Microsoft entered the field with its NT (which stands for New Technology). NT got off to a very slow start, but last year the product suddenly caught on and it is quickly eroding Novell's preeminent position. Novell is fighting back: It is about to introduce its new upgrade - code named Green River - designed to square off with NT. Since Green River is not yet available, I examined Novell's latest version - NetWare 4.1. The Microsoft product I looked at for this review is Windows NT Server 4.0, its latest upgrade. NETWORK BASICS Before recommending how to choose between the competing products, here are some basics about each program. Minimum requirements. NetWare is designed to operate only on the Intel (the leading producer of computer chips) computer platform. While Novell says its software needs a minimum of a 386-version computer with 8 megabytes (Mb) of random-access memory (RAM), realistically it makes no sense trying to operate even a small LAN with such sparse hardware. NetWare should not be run on anything less than a 486, but as a practical matter, it really needs a Pentium system with at least 32 Mb to 64 Mb of RAM to run fast and effectively. With RAM prices being as low as they are today (less than $150 for 16-Mb modules), don't skimp on memory; ample RAM makes a major difference in the speed and flexibility of a network. Unlike NetWare, NT is designed to operate on multiple computer platforms - Intel, MIPS Technologies, Power PC and Digital Equipment. Microsoft says NT needs at least a 486 processor with 16 Mb of RAM. But again, it runs better on an upgraded computer with double or even triple the RAM requirement. Although it would appear that NetWare's minimum requirements are less than those of NT, as a practical matter the hardware for both should be very similar. In large organizations, where a LAN is served by more than one computer working as a server, network operating software must be able to support multiple processors for simultaneous operation. While both programs can handle multiprocessing, NT is unique in that it automatically detects multiple processors during the installation and efficiently configures itself accordingly. NT can support up to four processors with standard, out-of-the-box software and can handle up to 32 processors with special Microsoft software added. NetWare also can support multiple processors, but it requires the addition of special software support from one of several hardware vendors, such as Compaq, and that software must be installed separately. It's likely that Green River will address this shortcoming. …


Here, u is the velocity field of the actin fluid and ξs, ξd are the cell-substrate friction coefficient and damping coefficient, respectively. χ is the field describing the substrate, and H(φ, χ) is the interaction potential between the cell and substrate. The The cell moves either on top of a plain substrate or between a top and bottom substrate. The location of these substrates is given by a field χ(y) with a boundary width of δ (Fig. S1). Here, χ = 1 indicates the substrate into which the cell cannot penetrate, and χ = 0 indicates the region accessible to the cell. In our simulations, the substrate is parallel to the x direction and, for the case of a single substrate located at y = yB , χ is written as


In-vivo dosimetry (IVD) is one of the most accurate ways for determining the dosage provided to the patient during treatment . The aim of this work is to verify whether patients were receiving the accurate prescribed dose. Which occurs by assessing the dose delivery errors, caused by human or equipment malfunctioning, using in-vivo diode dosimetry (IVDD). In total, 302 fields were performed for 80 cases, including pelvis, abdomen, thorax, and head and neck (H & N) patients. Prior to the clinical application, Alderson Rando phantom was used to evaluate the diodes' dependability as a complement to the validation process. The results revealed that the measured dose of the phantom was within ±5% of the planned dose. Additionally, patients' doses achieved 91.4% of the measured dose were within ±5% of the planned dose. Of the other 8.6%, about 5.6 % of the measured doses were more than 5% and less than 10% and only 3% were larger than 10% of the planned dose. The outlying values that were more than 5% were repeated as in-vitro measurements on a phantom and the deviations were within ±5%. This study demonstrated that diode measurements provide an immediate readout during the treatment process and it is reliable as quality assurance for linear accelerator. Moreover, IVDD is capable of detecting major and common treatment errors such as patient setup errors and incorrect source surface distance.


The improvement of the high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium alloys is currently a technological challenge. Mechanical surface treatments as shot-peening (SP) have shown their ability to improve the behaviour of pure zirconium and titanium. However, shot-peening treatments can induce a significant surface contamination. Laser shock peening (LSP) appears as a good alternative. Here, we have investigated the effect of SP and LSP treatments on the HT oxidation behavior of Ti-β21S. Samples treated by these methods have been compared to untreated ones for long exposures (3000 h) at 700 °C in dry air. The samples placed in a furnace at 700 °C were periodically extracted to be weighed. The results have been compared to that of pure commercial titanium (Ti-α) samples studied in the same conditions. The higher performances of the Ti-β21S alloy, and the beneficial effect of the SP treatment, and even more of the LSP one, on the HT oxidation resistance of Ti-β21S have been clearly shown. The effect of the mechanical treatments on the microstructure of the Ti-β21S samples and the changes induced by the long duration exposure at high temperature have been mainly studied by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy and wavelength dispersive spectrometry.


Progress is reported in research on: the baseline ecology of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), the effects of disturbance on animal and plant communities, and the behavior of radionuclides in the environment surrounding radioactive waste sites. Separate abstracts have been prepared for individual reports. (ACR)


tuzumab ozogamicin, an anti-CD33 antibody-drug conjugate, especially in patients with AML with a favorable or intermediate cytogenetic risk. The use of combination regimens with novel agents such as venetoclax or checkpoint inhibitors will also likely play a vital role in the future of AML therapy, especially for patients without targetable molecular aberrations. Because of the marginal improvements in AML outcomes that have been made with modifications of cytotoxic chemotherapy, it is likely that these novel agents and strategies offer the best path forward for most of our patients.


Purpose: Monte Carlo (MC) models were generated in support of a clinical trial on the effectiveness of neutron‐based brachytherapy for a patient treated with a plaque containing Cf‐252 sources. Because the AAPM brachytherapydosimetry formalism does not replicate partial scatter conditions of superficial brachytherapy,MC simulations were performed to evaluate treatment time and dose distributions generated using conventional methods. Method and Materials: Clinical calculations employed the AAPM dosimetry formalism with modified parameters for the neutrondose component. MC simulations utilized MCNP5 and track length estimator tallies. Computations applied a rectilinear mesh to tabulate neutron transport, including induced photons, and primary photontransport in a 14×14×5 cm3 volume with 9 mm3 voxels. Patient surface was simulated using a 20 cm radius hemisphere of water, with a corresponding hemisphere of air. For comparison to the AAPM formalism, the air was replaced with water. An RBE of 6 converted results to cGy‐eq for the neutron component. Results were normalized to 0.1 mg Cf‐252 source strength. Results: At the 6 mm prescription depth, calculated dose rates were 186±2 and 205±2 cGy‐eq h−1 at plaque center and 24 mm offset, respectively. The central 4×4 cm2 area received 227±32 cGy‐eq h−1. For comparison, full‐scatter simulations yielded 205±2 cGy‐eq h−1 at plaque center and 244±32 cGy‐eq h−1 over a 4×4 cm2 area; although, computation time increased by a factor of 6.6. Dose ratios of full‐ (4π) to partial‐scatter (2π) environments increased from 1.07 to 1.10 as depth increased from 0.4 to 5 cm. Approximately 90% of the dose‐equivalent was due to neutrons, while neutron physical dose was 68% and 57% of the total at 0.6 and 5.0 cm depths, respectively. Conclusion:Dose can be overestimated upto 10% by assuming full‐scatter conditions for Cf‐252 plaque brachytherapy.MC simulations are recommended to validate treatment plans generated using conventional methods.


In this paper, I sought to highlight the contribution of the analogies between the David and Bathsheba affair and the Naboth narrative. The criteria for comparing these narratives include similarities in the number and function of the participating characters, style, structure, and language. The narrator's use of parallels allows the reader to re-examine his or her assumptions about the literary design of all the characters involved. David's character is compared with that of Jezebel, so that a more critical description is received. The comparison between David and Ahab shows Ahab in a more positive light, as he was not actively involved in obtaining the vineyard. This contrasts with David's great activity in the effort to attain Bathsheba and to conceal his sin. However, this does not affect the continuity of the Davidic House since it is secured by Nathan's oracle.


It is established that indole on DL50 values is referred to moderately dangerous substances. It has expressed irritating effect on an eye, and moderate one on a skin. Indole possesses irritating action on respiratory ways. Rough safe exposure level in air of a working zone is 1 mg/m3.


The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of α-thalassemia in the population of Cyprus using cord blood samples. The levels of Hb Bart's were compared with the hematological indices and the results correlated with the presence of α-thalassemia mutations. The protocols for the polymerase chain reaction detection of the six most common α-globin mutations encountered in Cyprus were optimized, and the frequency of each mutation was determined through the screening of 495 random cord blood samples. The total allele frequency for the mutations examined was 10.6%, of which 1% is due to the triplication of the α-globin genes. The -α(3.7 kb) deletion accounts for 72.8% of all detectable mutations, while the –MED-I and -(α)-20.5 kb mutations account for 7.8%. The level of Hb Bart's and the MCV and MCH values incord blood samples were found to correlate closely with the severity of α-thalassemia, although the -α(3.7 kb) deletion and perhaps other mild α-thalassemia mutations may not give detectable Hb Bart's levels. A reasonably accurate estimate of the α-thalassemia carrier frequency may be obtained from cord blood studies if Hb Bart's estimates are combined with hematological indices. When molecular methods are added, these give the best way to use cord bloods to survey populations for α-thalassemia.


Abstract Two isostructural ligands with either nitrile (Lnit) or isonitrile (Liso) moieties directly connected to a [2.2]paracyclophane backbone with pseudo‐meta substitution pattern have been synthesized. The ligand itself (Lnit) or its precursors (Liso) were resolved by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase and the absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by XRD analysis and/or by comparison of quantum‐chemical simulated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Surprisingly, the resulting metallosupramolecular aggregates formed in solution upon coordination of [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2] differ in their composition: whereas Lnit forms dinuclear complexes, Liso exclusively forms trinuclear ones. Furthermore, they also differ in their chiral self‐sorting behavior as (rac)‐Liso undergoes exclusive social self‐sorting leading to a heterochiral assembly, whereas (rac)‐Liso shows a twofold preference for the formation of homochiral complexes in a narcissistic self‐sorting manner as proven by ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, upon crystallization, these discrete aggregates undergo structural transformation to coordination polymers, as evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.


Problem setting. In modern dictionaries more frequent we meet the following interpretation: cosmopolitanism (from an ancient greek κοσμοπολίτης - cosmopolitan, world citizen) - ideology of world citizenship, system of looks, which gives a priority value to all mankind values and second-rate — to the national problems. Such interpretation is characteristic for modern political science and sociology. But it does not represent essence of the noted phenomenon. Analysing determination of cosmopolitanism it is possible to select aspects: question of citizenship, and question of the world state and government That to find out its deep maintenance we should appeal to its sources through its ethymologic constituents by analysis of variants of writing of words cosmopolitanism, cosmopolitan (transmitter of cosmopolitanism) and Kosmopolis (purpose of realization of the probed phenomenon). Paper objective. To formulate determination of cosmopolitanism on the basis of analysis of its ethymologic constituents. Paper main body. Analyzing variations of interpretations of cosmos it is possible to generalize the following: the invariant constituent of concept «cosmopolitanism» can be examined as: set procedure of harmonious organization of elements: certain image of ethic coexistence of individuals; world in a wide value, which equates with Universe, that the existent completed unity of life - Universum (lat.); world in a narrow value - actual certain space: astronomic and physical. Considering a category «Polis» we can do certain conclusions in relation to understanding of Kosmopolis: the question is not about a concrete city or state, Kosmopolis does not foresee certain world dominion, or creation of unique politically administrative units; Kosmpolis foresees the association of people in the unique association, shows by itself an integrativ form of coexistences of individuals, which have equal rights and terms of existence; central concept of creation and functioning of Kosmopolis is an individual, as a primary and key link of association; the purpose of Kosmopolis is creation of favourable environment for (co-)existence of individuals, their (self-)development and (self-)realization. Conclusions of the research. Consequently, the extended etymology of cosmopolitanism shows that at first, it does not aspire the construction of the united world state, secondly, is based on an order and civilized, thirdly, it doesn't call to refuse of the state or nation. Thus there is a necessity of search of truth value of the probed phenomenon, dissociated from permanent stereotypes and erroneous thoughts.


To verify the hypothesis that aberrant placental mRNA genes related to cardiogenesis can be detected in maternal plasma at the second trimester of pregnancy.


Ultrawideband frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signals are using for ionospheric sounding by chirp sounders. We can use two techniques of digitizing. The first one is digitizing at intermediate frequency. The second one is digitizing at double maximum frequency of signal. Both of them use uniform sampling. In this paper we propose technique of non uniform sampling of FMCW signal. We describe the usage of FMCW signal in backscatter ionosphere sounding (BS) regimes. The results of BS give us possibility for direct diagnostics of HF radiochannel. We also present results of modeling and interpretation of BS ionograms which were obtained on the base of Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics chirpsounder.


Saccharomyces cerevisiae were utilized to produce fructose-1,6-biphosphate(FBP).Orthogonal experiment design was adopted,and variable factors were selected including yeast inoculum,sugar content,ratio of methylbenzene and Tween-20,and micronutrient.The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: yeast 5%,sugar 9%,methylbenzene 1%,Tween-20 1%,MgCl2 ·6H2 O 0.12%.Based on this optimization workflow,homogenization and immobilization were employed to further raise FBP production.Meanwhile,used yeasts were studied,evaluated and promoted by the optimization workflow of active yeast power.


Consumers face a significant challenge when considering the purchase of expensive furniture for their homes. Determining the comfort, aesthetics, and fit within their living spaces is crucial, but visualizing how the furniture will look in their homes remains inconvenient. Traditional methods fail to adequately address this issue, resulting in uncertainty and potential regret after making a purchase. However, by leveraging Mixed Reality (MR) technology, consumers can digitally preview furniture in their homes before committing to a purchase.


Brunei Darussalam, like many other countries, is concerned about secondary students' achievement in science subjects, as it relates to the demand and supply of professionals working in scientific areas regarded as essential for national development. This study describes the findings of an experimental research project that deals with the integration of interactive whiteboard technology in science teaching to improve students' learning outcomes, gender gap in learning outcomes and the implementation of the findings in Bruneian schools. The first stage of the project was designed to investigate whether or not the integration of interactive whiteboard technology in the Bruneian classroom would improve students' learning outcomes and minimize gender gap in learning outcomes, given that teaching and learning is a cultural activity. During this impact study, the mean gain in achievement score of an experimental group taught secondary science content using interactive whiteboard technology in a constructivist learning environment was significantly higher compared to that of a control group taught using the traditional approach. The learning outcomes were compared in terms of students' academic achievement. Moreover, non-significant and significant gender differences in mean scores for experimental and control groups respectively were observed. These results suggested that the integration of interactive whiteboard technology in Bruneian schools can gainfully improve science students' achievement and minimize gender gap in achievement to overcome the national problem experienced in Brunei. The implementation of these results on a large scale in schools required the training of teachers and making the interactive whiteboards available in classrooms. The perceptions of those teachers who have undergone training lend further support towards the suitability of the interactive whiteboard technology for teaching science. The finding of the experimental research and teacher perception of training can guide decisions of teacher trainers and ministry of education use this technology in teaching science.


Copper plays pivotal roles in metabolic homoeostasis, but its potential role in human tumorigenesis is not well defined. Here, it is revealed that copper activates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐protein kinase B (PKB, also termed AKT) oncogenic signaling pathway to facilitate tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, copper binds 3‐phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), in turn promotes PDK1 binding and subsequently activates its downstream substrate AKT to facilitate tumorigenesis. Blocking the copper transporter 1 (CTR1)‐copper axis by either depleting CTR1 or through the use of copper chelators diminishes the AKT signaling and reduces tumorigenesis. In support of an oncogenic role for CTR1, the authors find that CTR1 is abnormally elevated in breast cancer, and is subjected by NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Nedd4l)‐mediated negative regulation through ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Accordingly, Nedd4l displays a tumor suppressive function by suppressing the CTR1‐AKT signaling. Thus, the findings identify a novel regulatory crosstalk between the Nedd4l‐CTR1‐copper axis and the PDK1‐AKT oncogenic signaling, and highlight the therapeutic relevance of targeting the CTR1‐copper node for the treatment of hyperactive AKT‐driven cancers.


Haktan Akcin (Lingnan University): "Naturalized metaphysics, modal structuralism, and grounding" I try to clarify the structuralist claim that the world has an objective modal structure with reference to the recent grounding discussions. Against criticisms that the ontological priority relations in OSR are vague, I highlight the scale-relative ontology suggested by Ladyman & Ross. Since structure is the real pattern in a scale-relative ontology, structure itself turns out to be the essence understood as the ontological prior. The analogy with grounding argument here might be established via Fines suggestion that modality is grounded in essence. In a similar vein, we could argue that structure precedes modality in OSR. Along the way, I defend the necessitarian understanding of grounding, since otherwise our link to the ontological dependence relations, as pointed out by the opponents of OSR, would be lost. I finish by drawing an analogy between OSR and grounding with respect to causation. Grounding is usually understood as the metaphysical priority relation distinct from causation, and this approach is very much in accordance with Ladyman & Ross' exclusion of causation from fundamental ontology due to the fact that causal powers do not play a central role in fundamental physics. Philipp Blum (University of Lucerne): "Structuralism and relational individuation" Recent and not-so-recent brands of structuralism have been motivated by the need to relationally individuate physical entities. The precise form of the argument from relational individuation to being 'nothing over and above' nodes in a structure has not been spelt out. I discuss critically several forms of such an argument, contrast them with parallel cases in the philosophy of mathematics and conclude that the prospects for a distinctly physical form of physicalism do not look good. Fabio Ceravolo (University of Leeds): "Superinternal grounding vs relativistic composition" Fans of grounding have been attracted by its promise to eschew eliminativism on medium-sized dry goods – understood as bearers of ordinary sortals: 'is a table', 'is a chair', etc. But the details are as yet unrevealed. In order to mark a way forward, I propose the following naturalistic methodology. One takes a physical theory that clearly poses an eliminativistic challenge. Following, one looks at which relation among the resources posed by the theory is responsible for raising the challenge. Finally, the relation is supplemented with the grounding-like features sufficient to solve the challenge. The supplementation, however, should not violate empirical adequacy and should not presuppose any further fundamental ideological structure, on pain of scoring lower on a virtue-theoretic count than the theory's eliminativistic interpretation. While the method nicely sets grounding in a naturalistically evaluable context, I will suggest (admittedly provisionally) that in some special relativistic cases the only grounding variety suitable for supplementing a physical package is not one that scores on a par on the minimality of fundamental ideology. Nina Emery (Brown University): "Laws and their instances" What is the relation between a scientific law and its instances? This question has received little discussion in the literature, but neither does it have an obvious answer. On the one hand, many will want the relation between a law and its instances to be explanatory. On the other hand, few will think the relation between a law and its instances is causal. In this talk, I explore the view that laws ground their instances. I compare this view to several competing accounts including those given by Woodward (2005) and Skow (2016). And I discuss several consequences that follow from it, including consequences for Loewers (2012) proposal for how make sense of


Classically, Euler developed the theory of the Riemann zeta - function using as his starting point the exponential and partial fraction forms of cot(z) . In this paper we wish to develop the theory of $L$-functions of elliptic curves starting from the theory of elliptic functions in an analogous manner.


First, let me put forth my definition of social justice—and that is—basically acting in a fair and equitable manner. It is also breaking down barriers of unfair practice and inequities. Second, I believe that those reading this editorial would already be aware that open access peer-reviewed publishing means that scholarly materials are openly available to every individual in the world who has internet and who wishes to read about the particular topic presented that has been vetted via a double-blind, peerreviewed process among academic colleagues.


This is a study of legal thought regarding regulation of the use of recall right or inter-time impeachment as political parties' authority accommodated in MD3 Law. This recall authority has indirectly harmed the spirit of people's sovereignty as the embodiment of a democratic state. To study, it was conducted by applying normative research methods (doctrinal research), and other regulations of written legal materials. Furthermore, it was based on three stages in conducting comparative construction, namely: (1) the descriptive phase, (2) the identification phase and (3) the explanatory phase. Based on the results through library research, the researchers found similarities between recall rights accommodated by Indonesia comparing to the implementation in the United States of America. Additionally, this similarity of recall right regulatory system concept can be used as a thought basis for legal constructions based on the actual legal protection of people's sovereignty in Indonesian laws.


Dye‐in‐polymer (DIP) films consisting of soluble Pr4VOPc (vanadyl phthalocyanine having four propyl substituents) dye and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were prepared by spin‐coating process. Pr4VOPc precipitates as a glassy phase in pure PMMA matrix during the film formation. Upon exposure of these DIP films to organic solvent vapor, stable crystalline Pr4VOPc, which has stronger absorption in the near‐IR region and larger nonlinear refractive index n2 than the glassy phase, forms. The organic solvent vapor promotes the solubilization and crystallization of the dye, plastication of the polymer chains, and migration of the dye. The nonlinear refractive index n2 and optical spectra of the DIP films were measured, and the change rule has been discussed in terms of electron transition and molecular packing of Pr4VOPc.


The Russian Federation, being a sovereign in its legal nature - i.e. a power holder, acts as a private law subject in a number of cases. With this, the state accepting no advantages of the public authority and appearing in the circulation on equal terms with other subjects of the civil legal relations, has nevertheless a legal status of meaningfully specific features. In the article, the Russian and foreign scientists' opinions are given concerning the status of the state in the private law relations and the conclusion is made about the feasibility and the necessity of acknowledging the Russian Federation to be a fully valid subject of the private law relations. The opinion is criticized about the Russian Federation being a legal person of the public law. The justification is made of the conclusion that the civil legal status of the state is influenced by the idea of the public and the private law convergence: the state, remaining a public sovereign, participates in private relations as an equal with other persons at law.


Principal Component Analysis(PCA) was applied to analyze the distribution and sources of heavy metals in the surface water from the Hunhe River.Results showed that the first three principal factors F1(Cu,Cd),F2(Hg and As),and F3(Pb) could account for the principal distributions of heavy metals in the surface water.The percents of the total variance were 33.780%,23.431% and 18.951%,respectively.Integrated evaluation results of water quality at the 14 monitoring sections showed that heavy metal pollution at Fushun section was heavier than that at Shenyang section.Qijianfang monitoring section was the heaviest;Zhangdang and Dongzhou monitoring section were the second,while the Chukukou,Gulou and Ajibu were the lightest.The research provides a scientific basis for assessing,protecting and managing the water quality of the Hunhe River.


plasma enzymatic activity. The plasma samples from birds used as controls were taken during the same time period and were analyzed in a similar way. Enzymatic activity of males was greater than that of females (53,52%) and mean cholinesterase inhibition was 49.43%. Cholinesterase inhibition was greater during May than in March probably due to more continuous exposure and ingestion of the insecticide through food and possible absorption through the skin. This degree of enzymatic inhibition is possibly affecting the behavior of the clay-colored robin and could result in death in severe cases.


In this paper, performance of a silicon microsystem for blood hemoglobin measurement is demonstrated, and evaluation of long-term stability with real blood samples is presented. Long optical path is realized inside the microchip using two 45/spl deg/ mirrors of Si [110]. First, the microchips were fabricated and evaluated with food color solution. As a result, effects of optical path extension are clearly shown as minimum resolution improvement. Furthermore, adverse effects due to utilization of the mirrors have not been observed. Durability of the microchip with real blood sample was evaluated. Normal range of human hemoglobin has been covered with linear range of the microchip. In repetitive blood measurement, absorbance has fine coefficient of variation of 0.61 % or less, so the microchip has satisfied resolution for hematological test.


A powerful control language, named ViennaIPD, has been developed. The library based software is capable of reading complex input datasets which can be accessed from C/C++ applications by a programming interface. ViennaIPD supports a convenient C-like input file language, object oriented structuring of datasets, powerful inheritance mechanisms and a unit system. The input file language as well as the programming interface is discussed in detail. INTRODUCTION Applications for scientific computing require a powerful control language to satisfy the need of control parameters, e.g. material properties, models to take into account, model parameters, process definitions, simulation modes, iteration schemes, and numerical behavior [1, 2, 3, 4]. As a result, control files grow in size, which results in decreased maintainability. Therefore a powerful control language has been developed as part of the MINIMOS-NT simulation software package [5, 6]. To enlarge the field of application the control language has been extracted, revisited, and packaged to be distributable as a standalone control language named ViennaIPD. ViennaIPD offers a powerful inheritance concept, unit conversion capabilities and the ability to directly access existing input files. The latter is especially of interest for reasons of post-processing simulation results. Figure 1 depicts a comprehensible overview how ViennaIPD is used. ViennaIPD provides a powerful input file language which aims to deal with the manifold parameter demands of simulation software. The library itself is written in C, however, applications can be based on either C or C++. The most fundamental element is a variable. To describe dependencies to other variables, a variable contains an expression, that is evaluated at runtime. Different variable types are supported as well as accessibility control. Furthermore, a section provides a means of structuring variables to enable associative variable definitions. A section holds an arbitrary set of variables and subsections. a = "A short text"; b = 2.2; SecA { ext a = 1; d = 2 * a; } SecB : SecA { d = 3 * a; SubSecC { c = 1; } } Input File ViennaIPD #include "ipdP.h" int main(int argc, char** argv) { ipdChar *s; // Read a ViennaIPD input file ipdReadInputDeck(argv[1]); // Access data ipdGetStringByName("~a", &s); printf("Value of ~a: %s\n", s); // Manipulate data ipdSetIntegerByName("~SecA.a", 2); printf("Value of ~SecA.a set to: %d\n", 2);


Early in the work on this grant the authors established that the growth factor-dependence of radiation-induced thymic leukemia cells was dependent on the autocrine/paracrine growth factor IL-4. Localized, thymic leukemias always grew by virtue of an IL-4-driven autocrine/paracrine pathway. They continued and investigated the mechanism of progression of the thymic leukemias to the later, disseminate disease. Linking the generation of disseminated leukemias to their growth factor-dependent status [10,11], they found that the development of growth factor-independence was associated with the dissemination of the leukemia from the thymus to other sites, e.g. spleen, lymphnodes, liver and kidney [9,8]. Indeed, all disseminated leukemias were composed of growth factor-independent cells. The generation of disseminated radiation-induced leukemia is associated with the loss of specific differentiation antigens and the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The thymic, growth factor-independent leukemia carried non-mutated, wild type p53 [4]. These results suggested that it might be possible to influence the dissemination [6,7] of leukemia cell propagation in vivo by the re-introduction of wild type p53 into the leukemias cells. They could show that the transduction of genes encoding specific mutant p53 proteins enhanced their dissemination potential and, in addition, the transduction of constructs encoding wild type p53more » reversed the disseminated phenotype--and the leukemic phenotype--of murine and human acute leukemia cells. As a result of the DOE grant, and to further study the gene-transduction approach for the inhibition of leukemia and other cancer cells, they developed an acute retroviral gene transfer system that was capable of the rapid generation of high-titer retroviral virions that were non-mutated and non-deleted [12]. This system has been supplied to dozens of laboratories in the country and is widely used in many research laboratories.« less


Objectives
Febrile thrombocytopenia is a condition commonly caused by infections. The present study is intended to know the underlying etiology of fever with thrombocytopenia, the various presentations and complications in our community.

Material and Methods
A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted including 1217 patients aged more than 14 years with fever and thrombocytopenia admitted in the medical wards from October 2013 to September 2014. Detailed clinical examination and routine investigations were done; specific investigations like blood culture, widal test, antigen test for malaria, IgM ELISA leptospira, IgM ELISA dengue, bone marrow aspiration/biopsy etc. were done as and when indicated. The data are presented as percentage and numbers. Rates and ratios are computed.

Results
Infection was the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia and dengue was the commonest of the infections followed by malaria. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 42.7% of patients. 91.40% of patients with bleeding tendencies had petechiae/purpura as the commonest bleeding manifestation, followed by spontaneous bleeding in 57%. Spontaneous bleeding was noted when platelet counts were less than 20,000. Petechiae/Purpura were seen more commonly when platelet count was in the range of less than or equal to 50,000. Good recovery was noted in 95%, while 5% had mortality. Septicemia accounted for 85.24% of deaths followed by malaria (6.55%) and dengue (5%).

Conclusion
Fever with thrombocytopenia is an important clinical condition commonly caused by infections, particularly dengue and malaria. In majority of patients thrombocytopenia was transient and asymptomatic, but in significant number of cases there were bleeding manifestations. On treating the specific cause drastic improvement in platelet count was noted. Mortality in febrile thrombocytopenia is not directly associated with degree of thrombocytopenia but with concomitant involvement of other organs leading to multiorgan dysfunction.


. The present study explores the values of Christians as compared to those of the "religious nones" unchurched or religiously indifferent part of the Latvian society. The content of the term 'value' is often overlooked and the actual values of those who identify with religious tradition have remained insufficiently studied in Latvia. The authors use the theory of basic human values developed by Shalom H. Schwartz and the data from a representative survey carried out in 2015 to measure and compare the values of various religious groups. The logistic regression analysis identifies that one's religious affiliation have a significant impact on the higher order values of conservation and self-transcendence but No effect on one's openness to changes or self-enhancement. Borrowing from Scott Page's ideas on diversity, the authors conclude that various religious groups (including nones) within a religiously highly diverse society should inevitably become more similar by various measures including their value-orientations.


A case study of Cicero's Greek-Latin bilingualism must resort to the 850 or so occurrences of Greek words and phrases in the Correspondence. This text, however, raises several delicate issues of a methodological nature.


In this paper, a detailed analysis over a reference electric vehicle's drive cycle of an interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) is implemented, in terms of motor performance, efficiency and field weakening capability. Initially, the electromagnetic field characteristics of a geometrically optimized IPMSM are investigated for various modes of operation by using a 2-D Finite Element (FE) model. In a next step, a robust hybrid torque control model, combining direct Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA) control, for constant torque operation and Voltage Constraint Tracking (VCT), for Field Weakening (FW) operation is developed. For proper IPMSM control, the proposed model considers motor magnetic saturation and cross coupling effects between direct (d) and quadrature (q) axes, including the inductance variation with both d and q axes current. Finally, the effectiveness of the control model has been validated through New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) operation for the investigated vehicle.


This research proposes a novel emission dispatch formulation which solves for the optimal amount of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RES) that minimizes emission while ensuring short-term frequency stability of the power system. Unlike emission dispatch of previous research, which often neglected the added risks associated with more RES, the proposed formulation is characterized by the addition of (a) short-term frequency stability constraint and (b) EVs and RES capacity defined as part of the optimization variables. These two characteristics are utilized to solve for a risk-inclusive solution to the emission dispatch problem which gives a more realistic prospect to reducing emissions. Three test areas, loosely based on OECD countries, illustrate the effect of the proposed formulation where several insights about emission reductions are revealed.


With application of a method of mathematical planning of experiment mathematical models of technological and operational properties polimerno-bitumen knitting on the basis of viscous road bitumen, polymer of type styrene-butadien-styrene and the softener are received, allowing to optimise structures and to predict properties of the knitting. Experiment planning considerably reduces procedure of selection of structures of polimerno-bitumen physicomechanical properties knitting with a demanded complex


Microgrids (MGs) facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in electrical grids. To coordinate the operation of these DERs, a three-level hierarchical control is commonly used. In general, different control layers are designed with sufficient bandwidth separation between them to avoid unwanted dynamic interactions, resulting in slow outer controllers. However, the interactions between primary and secondary controllers when their bandwidths are close has not been addressed in detail in the literature. In addition, communication latency represents an important bottleneck for the controller speed, and its modelling and impact on the control are both of interest for the scientific community. In this paper, possible interactions between primary and secondary controllers in an islanded MG are studied as well as the role of communication delays. For that purpose, participation factor and eigenvalue analyses are used. Results show that primary and secondary controllers are engaged in a slight interaction linked with the weighting factors of the secondary controller. It is also shown that the sensitivity of secondary control eigenvalues to communication delays is similar for different designs of the primary control.


In the present study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was used for modelling of reference evapotranspiration for Nagini watershed located near Chamba-Ranichauri, on Rishikesh-Uttarkashi route, in Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India. Using pattern matching capability of ANN, the network was trained to recognize the pattern of daily weather data and its corresponding ETo obtained by Penman-Monteith method. More than 250 architectures were tried and 3 −6 −4 −1 was observed to be the best architecture. The developed model was validated by testing its performance using correlation coefficient, root mean square error and coefficient of variation of the residual error. On the basis of these performance indicators the developed ANN model performed satisfactory and it can be utilized effectively for prediction of ETo for the study area.


In this article,it explains the biological characters,fiber degradation capability of main cellulolytic bacteria in rumen;moreover,it introduces the advances of these main species of cellulolytic bacteria in and out of our country over several years.


UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is an unmanned aircraft or also called a military drone with long range coverage because it can air on a matter of days. One development that continues to stand out is the BWB type UAV where, the angle of wing bending varies. This research is for simulation of wing angle bend between 45, 60 and 90 degrees. The method used in the simulation uses the Finite Element Method with the help of ANSYS 17.0. Haisl's research shows that at an angle of 45 degrees the airflow within the wing is fairly normal and evenly distributed. The pressure on the BMB also increases with the addition of the speed and angle of bend. On the results of the study also showed that the value of the lift is inversely proportional to the value of drag.


The methods of modern comprehensive analysis were used to analyze the fracture cause on the cross shaft of the universal coupling in main drive system of 3500 rolling mill,such as the macro-fracture analysis,the mechanical equipment detection,material mechanical properties analysis and three dimensional finite element analysis. The analysis shows that the main reason is the cross-shaft fatigue strength at the circular transition is insufficient. ANSYS Workbench,the finite element analysis software,was used to improve the main structure size of the universal coupling joint. The max equivalent stress at the circular transition of the cross shaft is 560.59MPa and is reduced by 13.1% after the improvement design. The max equivalent stress of the flange and fork is 181.41MPa and is decreased by 13.0% compared with the original design.


Excerpt The association of thrombocytopenia with viral infections such as rubeola, rubella, varicella, mumps, and infectious mononucleosis has been well documented (1). In congenital and pediatric ...


We consider a sequence {P (N) , N ' 1} of standard polling net- works, consisting of N nodes attended by V (N) mobile servers. When a server arrives at a node i, he serves one of the waiting customers, if any, and then moves to node j with probability p (N) ij . Customers arrive according to a Poisson process. Service requirements and switch-over times between nodes are inde- pendent exponentially distributed random variables. The behaviour of P (N) is analyzed in thermodynamic limit, i.e. when both N and V (N) tend to infinity, with U def = limN!1 V (N) /N and 0 < U < 1. First, ergodicity conditions are given. Then, combining the mean-field approximation approach together with weak convergence of Markov processes, the joint distribution (customers, vehi- cles) for an arbitrary finite number of nodes is explicitly characterized. In fact this distribution has a product form, which is the mathematical analogue of the propagation of chaos. The speed of convergence is also computed. In most of the study, P (N) is a fully symmetrical network, but a generalization is carried out for systems provided with only blockwise symmetry.


In the frame of spectacles, a U-shaped joint member (11) including an upper piece portion (12) and a lower piece portion (13) is attached, by caulking or brazing, to the hinge portions (7, 7) on the opposite sides of a front portion, the joint member (11) is formed of a springy material such as a shape memory alloy or stainless steel, the base portion (15) of a temple (10) is clamped under a state of being urged with a resilient force, a shaft (18) is projected from the lower side piece portion (13) of the joint member (11), and the shaft (18) is fitted in a shaft hole (16) provided at the base portion (15) and supported pivotally so that folding operation of the temples fixed to the opposite sides of the front portion of spectacles can be performed without rattling.


Certain nite diierence methods on rectangular grids for second order elliptic equations are known to yield superconvergent ux approximations. A class of related nite diierence methods have recently been deened for triangular meshes by applying special quadrature rules to an extended version of a mixed nite element method 1, 2]; the usual hybrid mixed method can also be applied to meshes of triangular and tetrahedral elements. Unfortunately, the ux vectors from these methods are only rst order accurate. Empirical evidence indicates that a local postprocessing technique described in 11] recovers second order accurate velocities at special points. In this paper, a class of local postprocessing techniques generalizing the one in 11] are presented and analyzed. These postprocessors are shown to recover second order accurate velocity elds on three lines meshes. Numerical experiments illustrate these results and investigate more general situations, including meshes of tetrahedral elements.


The concept of intelligent distribution transformer in rural power network and its necessity and its cmponents are put forw ard,the intelligent distribution transformer acquisition monitoring content and the main function are discussed. In Changxing County Pow er Supply Bureau a pilot and its promotion are conducted,w here good results are achieved.


ABSTRACT The experiences of children who live with parental mental illness are becoming increasingly recognized. However, there remains a limited body of knowledge in relation to an individual's longer term experiences. This study sought adult children's experiences of childhood parental mental illness. It generated reflections of 13 adult children who had lived with parents with mental illness during their childhood. The narrative design of the study facilitated a voice for participants. The paper presents one main theme of the findings. The findings offer a unique insight into childhood awareness of social stigmas and children's behavioural changes to avoid disclosure of parental mental illness. Participants noted that they were aware of social stigmas associated with mental illness during their childhood. This contributed to their fear of disclosure to others that fuelled a culture of familial secrecy, reinforcing the children's own sense of difference. Further work is required to enhance community understanding about the familial journeys of parental mental illness and the impact of negative‐natured stigmas.


There are few institutions that have so affected the nature of Anglo-Jewry as the British Chief Rabbinate.1 Yet, bizarrely, its development and influence have been neglected by historians. Indeed, no substantial research was done on the Chief Rabbinate between Cecil Roth in the 1950s and Miri Freud Kandel in the past few years. Unsurprisingly, there are still large gaps. Roth examined no Chief Rabbi after J. H. Hertz (1913-1946) and Freud-Kandel examined in depth only the period since 1913, in what was a theological rather than a historical study. Apart from a biographical essay by Israel Finestein almost nothing has been written about Hermann Adler (1890-1911) or his father, Nathan Marcus Adler (1845-1890). There are no full-scale scholarly biographies of any Chief Rabbi. Such neglect has led to misunderstanding and mistakes that are repeated in the secondary litera? ture. There is need for a thoroughgoing revision and re-appreciation of the role of the Chief Rabbinate. This article takes a first step towards that, through a detailed investigation of a particular religious debate in Anglo Jewry, that over mixed choirs. If nothing else, it shows how much work needs to be done to develop a proper understanding of the subject. The British Chief Rabbinate can trace its history back to the late seventeenth century, following the re-admission of the Jews to England under Cromwell in 1656. However, the modern Chief Rabbinate can be said to have been founded by Nathan Marcus Adler, Chief Rabbi from 1845 until his death in 1890. Since him there have been five Chief Rabbis, Hermann Adler (1890-1911), J. H. Hertz (1913-1946), Israel Brodie (1948 1967), Immanuel Jakobovits (1967-1991) and Jonathan Sacks (since 1991).


Several examples of the use of a wavelet transform in the analysis of transient events in mechanical systems are provided. The transform has the advantage over other transient analysis methods of providing good localization of short duration events in time. The method is also used to analyse the correspondence between computed and measured response of a tall structure during earthquake excitation.


This study aimed to identify the psychological characteristics of basketball players in UAE universities and their relationship to the dimensions of athletic excellence. The researcher used the descriptive approach with its survey method, the study was conducted on the players of the university basketball teams who are officially registered in the Abu Dhabi University League (ADISL) for the academic year 2019/2020, and they were chosen randomly. The sample of the study consisted of (42) players who represented (7) universities, where the sample represented (43.75%) of the original study community, and who the study tool was distributed to, where (the scale of psychological characteristics and skills tests) and (the scale of the orientation towards the dimensions of athletic excellence) were distributed. After collecting and statistical analysis of the data, it was found that there is a strong relationship between the psychological characteristics and skills of the individuals in the sample and the dimensions of athletic excellence, as they were all in the middle limits. Likewise, there is no significant relationship between the three dimensions (the orientation towards self-control, the orientation towards a sense of responsibility, the orientation towards respecting others to the sports excellence scale) and the dimensions of psychological characteristics and skills under study. With the exception of the ability to visualize, self-confidence, the ability to relax and motivate sports achievement. The researcher recommended that trainers and workers in the field of sports training should pay attention to psychological characteristics and skills and the dimensions of athletic excellence as one of the success factors to achieve the best sports results, and compensating the role of the psychological specialist in the absence of it.


This article is devoted to the issue of increasing the efficiency of vertical-spindle cotton pickers by rational choice of kinematic and geometrical parameters of the main working body – the spindle drum. In particular, in the work, an analysis of the actual operating conditions of the spindles, existing machines, and the results of previous studies in this area indicate the main reasons for the low efficiency of cotton pickers. As a criterion for evaluating the efficiency of the vertical spindles, the "activity" of the spindles and the force that occurs between the cotton boll and the surface of the latter are taken. It is shown that the design features of the existing vertical spindle drums do not allow increasing the active surface of the spindles and their favorable orientation relative to cotton bolls in the collection area. It is substantiated that in order to increase the activity of the spindles in the collection zone, it is necessary to inform them, as they move in this zone, of the variable speed and trajectory of the spindle movement, which improves the conditions for the interaction of the latter with the cotton boll. The obtained results are compared and analyzed with the same results of the existing spindle drums, which showed a significant increase in the activity of the spindles when using elliptical drums as the main working body of the cotton picker.


Coding process,as an important componnent of information processing,runs through the entire process of memory.From the viewpoint of psycholinguistics,this article analyzes the process and offers some enlightenment on the improvement of memory for foreign language learners.


Recent data suggests that catecholamine systems might have a trophic role in the spinal cord. These data are based on the clinical evidence that beta-2 agonists produce a relief in spinal motor neuron disorders. Therefore, in the present study we isolated ventral spinal cord cell cultures and we administered either the beta-2 agonist salbutamol alone or in combination with the beta-2 antagonist butoxamine. These experiments were carried out both in baseline conditions and in the presence of a non-NMDA glutamate shock. In fact, increased extracellular glutamate concentration can be toxic for neuronal cells. Glutamate- mediated excitotoxicity relies on the stimulation of both NMDA and non- NMDA receptors although naturally occurring motor neuron loss is thought to depend on an excess of stimulation of non-NMDA receptors. Therefore, primary cell cultures obtained from the ventral spinal cord of 14-days-old mice embryos were preadministered MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, immediately before the non-NMDA (both kainate and AMPA) receptor agonist kainic acid (KA, 50 and 100 μM for 15 min) either in baseline conditions or in combination with salbutamol (10 μM) and butoxamine (50 μM) administered 30 min before KA. We found that the beta-2 antagonist butoxamine did not produce any effect either alone or in combination with kainate. Although butoxamine prevented the effects induced by the beta-2 agonist salbutamol. In particular, salbutamol prevented non-NMDA-induced motor neuron loss and this effect was abolished by the concomitant administration of butoxamine. When salbutamol was administered alone we detected morphological changes at motor neuron level. We also analysed whether salbutamol administration increased the expression of survival motor neuron protein (SMN, an endogenous molecule which provides protective effect for motor neurons) as a possible mechanism of neuroprotection. Unexpectedly, the protective effects induced by salbutamol were accompanied by a reduction of the SMN, while KA induced an increase in SMN levels. These results lend substance that catecholamine receptors subtype beta-2 protect motor neurons in the short term following glutamate excitotoxicity. It is likely that the paradoxical effects observed for SMN level might be due to the need of a compensatory mechanism (following NMDA) or the reduced level of neuronal stress (following salbutamol). Further studies are in progress to unravel the mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection induced at motor neuron level by catecholamine and beta-2 receptors.


The 2006 Megan Meier case, where a teenage girl who was bullied on the Internet through e-mail and Myspace which was said to ultimately lead to her suicide, shed light on the cyber bullying issue in schools. This article uses a case study approach to describe how a number of school institutes were grappling with the loss of confidential information and protecting students on the WWW, each through a unique set of circumstances. It will reveal potential reactions of the institutions and possible ways to deal with the cyber threats. With experiences, school districts take measures to offer value education by improving students' knowledge and awareness of Cyberethics, Cybersafety, and Cybersecurity (C3) concepts to provide them with the means to protect themselves, and to enhance the safety and security of national infrastructure.


In order to increase the sensitivity of a polydiacetylene (PDA) sensor, PDA, and poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (PSS) were alternately stacked to form a layer-by-layer (LBL) film on the quartz. In this study, N-(2-aminoethyl)pentacosa-10,12-diynamide (AEPCDA) was used as a constituent of the PDA and n-butylamine was used as a target compound. The formed-film sensor showed higher sensitivity than the vesicle solution. There was a large difference in sensitivity depending on the method used to form the LBL film. Unlike the vesicle solution state, the formed-film sensor exhibited excellent reversibility in the color change caused by heat. The LBL film formed worked very well as a sensor that detects the actual gas, n-butyl amine, showing its potential for practical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44997.


This article reports comprehensive and accurate measurements of the speed of sound in liquid isobutane. The measurements were carried out by a double-path-length pulse-echo technique and cover the temperature range between 200 and 420 K with pressures of up to 100 MPa. The expanded measurement uncertainties (at the 0.95 confidence level) are 2.1 mK for temperature, 0.007% for pressure, and 0.009% for the speed of sound with the exception of a few state points at low pressures and in the vicinity of the critical point, where it increases up to 0.035%. Furthermore, densities and specific isobaric and isochoric heat capacities were derived from the speed-of-sound data in the temperature range between 200 and 340 K and up to 100 MPa by the method of thermodynamic integration. Very accurate results for the derived properties were obtained by determining values of the isobaric heat capacity on the initial isobar for the integration by a well-known thermodynamic relation among the isobaric heat capacity, density...


Abstract:The author describes two outstanding moments in his work with Russell's archives, over a period of 52 years, from readying them for sale in London to curating them at McMaster University. The highlights were being hired for the Russell Archives at McMaster and adoption of the correspondence catalogue by the University Library from its maintenance and development as a post-retirement project.


We discuss the effect of kinetic energy of the relative motion becoming spurious for separate fragments on the selfconsistent mean-field fission barriers. The treatment of the relative motion in the cluster model is contrasted with the necessity of a simpler and approximate approach in the mean-field theory. A scheme of the energy correction to the Hartree-Fock is proposed. The results obtained with the effective Skyrme interaction SLy6 show that the correction, previously estimated as ~ 8 MeV in A = 70 - 100 nuclei, amounts to 4 MeV in the medium heavy nucleus 198Hg and to null in 238U. However, the corrected barrier implies a shorter fission half-life of the latter nucleus. The same effect is expected to lower barriers for multipartition (i.e. ternary fission, etc) and make hyperdeformed minima less stable.


The invention relates to a motor vehicle headlight (1) comprising a headlight housing (2) having an open side of the housing, at least one air inlet (20, and at least one air outlet (21), a transparent cover lens (3) by means of which completed the open side of the housing is an air-permeable membrane (4) by means of which the air inlet (20) is closed, and - a ventilation device (5) which is housed inside the lamp housing (2) and is adapted to suck air through the air inlet (20), wherein at least a part of the air sucked in an inside (31) can act on the lens (3), wherein the ventilation means (5) is arranged in the region of the air inlet (20) above the membrane (4).


This research aims  to improve the competence of SMA Negeri 6 Bogor teachers in implementing a scientific learning approach through In House Training (IHT). The research was carried out for four months, from July to October 2019. Based on the results of the research, the results of the understanding of SMA Negeri 6 Bogor teachers on the scientific approach after the implementation of In House Training (IHT) increased. This could be seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test, namely the average results of 67.05 in the pre-test and 85.3 in the post-test. Good understanding in theory has correlation with practice. This could be seen from the results of peer teaching observations about the implementation of scientific learning approach with an average value of 80.85, the highest score of 85 obtained by 4 teachers, a score of 83 obtained by 2 people and there are still 50% of teachers who get a score between 70 -76.77. It could be concluded that the implementation of In House Training (IHT) is effective in increasing the competence of SMA Negeri 6 Bogor teachers in implementing the scientific learning approach.


The multiplicative conservation of both lepton and baryon numbers, i.e. (-){sup L} and (-){sup 3B}, is connected to an axionic solution of the strong CP problem in a supersymmetric, unifiable model of quark and lepton interactions. New particles are predicted at the TeV scale, with verifiable consequences at the Large Hadron Collider.


Objective Different types of bone conduction transducers with different physical and electro-acoustic properties are available for audiometric hearing threshold measurements. The reference equivalent threshold vibratory force levels (RETVFL) specified in ISO 389–3 are based on measurements conducted with the B71 and KH70 transducers but apply to all types of transducers available for bone conduction audiometry. The objective of this study was to compare bone conduction hearing thresholds measured by different transducers. Design In a prospective study the hearing thresholds were measured psychometrically between 125 Hz and 8000 Hz using the Radioear B71, B81 and Präcitronic KH70 transducers. Study sample Twenty-one normal hearing participants and fifteen hearing impaired participants. Results In both groups significant differences were found between the thresholds measured with the different transducers at the low frequencies 125 Hz and 250 Hz and the high frequencies 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz and 8000 Hz. In the normal hearing group, deviations from the reference threshold 0 dB HL towards lower thresholds were observed for the B71 and B81 at 125 Hz and at the high frequencies 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz and 8000 Hz. Conclusions RETVFL-values should be reassessed and provided specifically for the different transducers.


syndrome, and HLA B5 with the ocular type (Lehner ei al.y 1982), but our patients' clinical features were not those with these tissue type associations. Salivary IgA was only minimally elevated in our patients. Oral levamisole therapy has not been successful in treating our patients with recurrent aphthae only, but in view of the dramatic improvement in these three patients witb Bebcet's syndrome it is recommended in this condition.


The article presents the teaching techniques of introducing Shor national games and sport events as a regional component of education into the process of physical training in school.


KSC Beauty Clinic Jember is a family company that is always evolving in their business activities. In the development that occurs from time to time, always there is a change in the organization as well as the company's operating system. Basically, the change is a response of the developments following the change of the way of life and era. Some aspects of the changes in the change is the change in the system of corporate planning.As a service company which has several branches outside the town of Jember, Jember KSC Beauty Clinic is also changing organizational management with the Iconix software implementation system (cloud) in company with the objective of efficiency and effectiveness of corporate management. In this paper we will discuss one Adkar change management model consisting of elements of awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement in implementing the Iconix system (cloud) at KSC Beauty Clinic Jember. Introduction In an increasingly competitive world, change is an absolute necessity. However, empirical experience shows that efforts to change are not always successful. Therefore, changes that need to be managed properly. Change management is the management of resources to achieve the goals of the organization, in environmental conditions that moves constantly. Change management needs to take lessons from previous experience, running a change process properly and granting roles and responsibilities to all stakeholders in accordance proportions. All organizations are part of the social system that lives in the midst of society. Society itself has a dynamic nature, always changes and developments. Characteristics of such a society requires the organization to also have dynamic properties. Without dynamics in line with the dynamics of the community, the organization will not survive let alone thrive. This means that a change in an organization is a necessity that can not be avoided. They are constantly have to adapt to the demands and changes in the environment. The process of adjustment to the environment is one of the major problems facing modern organizations. Unless changes aimed at adapting to the changing environment, the organization considers necessary sometimes deliberately make changes to improve the effectiveness of the achievement of the objectives that have been defined. Because of the nature and objectives of each organization are different from each other, the frequency and levels of occurrence of any changes that are not always the same. Certain organizations more frequent changes, while other organizations are relatively rarely do. Model changes in the company's own, one of which can be done using the model Adkar change. Adkar which stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement which are five basic elements that drive change. Implementation Adkar approach in the management of the company does not easily run as expected. This is due to the various obstacles that can cause a failure such as experience or history held beliefs that are not appropriate, excessive fear of change, cost dikeluaran very large and even there is an interest which is very high for certain groups that are considered only benefit certain parties, KSC Beauty Clinic Jember is a family company that is always evolving in their business activities. In the development that occurs from time to time, always there is a change in the organization as well as the company's operating system. Basically, the change is a response of the developments following the change of the way of life and era. Some aspects of the changes in the change is the change in the system of corporate planning. [Paramitha* et al., 7(1): January, 2020] ISSN: 2349-5197 Impact Factor: 3.765 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT http: // www.ijrsm.com © International Journal of Research Science & Management [142] As a service company which has several branches outside the town of Jember, Jember KSC Beauty Clinic is also changing organizational management with the Iconix software implementation system (cloud) in company with the objective of efficiency and effectiveness of corporate management. In this paper we will discuss one Adkar change management model consisting of elements of awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement in implementing the Iconix system (cloud) at KSC Beauty Clinic Jember.


Studies in educational psychology in Japan are reviewed from the viewpoint of reliability. Cronbach's alpha is one of the most frequently used ―if not fully understood― measures of reliability. The main purpose of this note is to give an overview of what alpha is and is not. Specifically,it is shown that (1)alpha is the mean of all split-half reliabilities,(2)alpha is a lower bound of reliability, and (3)alpha equals reliability under essential tau-equivallence. It is also shown that (1)alpha is not a measure of unidimentionality or homogeneity,(2)there are criticisms on understanding alpha as a measure of internal consistency, (3)alpha depends on a variety of characteristics including number of items,and(4)alpha is not a greatest lower bound. Alternative measures of reliability and future issues are discussed.


Deformations that occur during construction of earth dams with clay cores include a time-dependent component due to simultaneous generation and dissipation of pore pressures. A method of analysis is proposed which considers two-dimensional consolidation, effects of sequential filling and construction stoppages, and nonlinear stress-strain properties of soils. The method integrates a finite element analysis of consolidation with finite total and effective stresses. The method has been used to analyze the construction behavior of Mica Dam in Canada, which experienced time-dependent deformations due to consolidation of clay core. The calculated and observed pore pressures and settlements agreed reasonably well.


Nurses who take care of patients with hematology have more difficulty in therapeutic communication. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic communication experiences of nurses caring for patients with hematology and the meaning of the essential structure of therapeutic communication. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was applied to explore the essential structures and meanings of therapeutic communication in depth through a focus group interview. The interview was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with 20 nurses caring for patients with hematology. As a result of the analyses, 22 themes, 14 theme clusters, and 5 categories were derived. The categories derived from the analyses included "acquiring core competencies as nursing professionals", "improving patient-centered nursing performance", "forming a partnership treatment relationship", "obtaining clinical performance skills to solve problems", and "preparing efficient system improvement". Based on this study's results, it will be possible to provide high-quality nursing to patients by improving the therapeutic communication ability of nurses caring for patients with hematology. In addition, it will be the basis for the development of a nurses' therapeutic communication promotion program for nurses caring for such patients.


To determine the method for extracting the essential oil from Gardenia jasminoides and optimize the technique parameters. Supercritical CO2 extraction was used and extraction ratio was taken as the index in orthogonal test to analyze some action factors,such as extraction temperature and pressure,separation temperature and pressure. The influence of extracted pressure,separated temperature and separated pressure on extraction ratio was significant,while the extracted temperature was not significant. The best technique in super critical CO2 extraction for essential oil was that the extraction pressure at 15 mPa,extraction temperature at 35℃,separation pressure at 15 mPa,and temperature at 25℃. The method is reliable and accurate. It can be used for quality control and identification to volatile oil of the flower of Gardenia jasminoides.


Attapulgite/poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite (ATP/PAA) hydrogels with high clay content of around 90% have been synthesized by a novel surface-initiated redox radical solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) with the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified attapulgite nanorods (ATP-NH2) as initiator and the 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) modified attapulgite nanorods (ATP-C═C) as cross-linker. High inorganic-content nanocomposite (ATP/PAA) hydrogel with a three-dimensional network structure was obtained via the linkage of the different functional attapulgite nanorods with the grafted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chains. Both the two kinds of the functional attapulgite nanorods acted as the cross-linking sites in the nanocomposite hydrogel. Due to its unique structure, a remarkably high adsorption capacity of the cationic dye (methylene blue (MB)) of 308.0 mg/g was achieved when the ATP/PAA nanocomposite hydrogel was used as the adsorbent for water treatment.


Naphthyridine based fluorogenic receptors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) have been synthesised for the recognition of uric acid (UA). The receptors are very useful for potential applications arising from complexation reactions as demonstrated by 1H NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence studies. The association constants (Ka) between the receptors and UA have been reported using UV and fluorescence techniques. The minimisation energy calculations and molecular modelling studies for the host–guest assemblies have been discussed in this context.


Postprocedural myonecrosis can often be documented after percutaneous coronary intervention. There is significant controversy regarding the prognostic importance of mild to moderate creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme elevation after percutaneous intervention. This paper reviews previous studies that evaluated the relationship between creatine kinase-creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme-elevation and prognosis after percutaneous intervention, and addresses possible mechanisms of adverse cardiac events.


Tripe palms without velvety texture and exaggerated dermatoglyphics We read with great interest the recent contribution by Pentenero et al. reporting on a patient suffering from gastric adenocarcinoma with oral acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms, and Leser–Trélat sign. We studied Fig. 2(c) (depicting the palmar lesion) in the authors' paper thoroughly. Nevertheless, we were unable to detect any thickened velvety texture of the hand surface or any pronounced dermatoglyphics, which are characteristic signs of tripe palms. In this context, the term tripe palm was introduced in 1977 by Clarke, and later popularized by Breathnach and Wells. Tripe denotes the food preparation that consists of the rugose surface of the bovine foregut. Tripe palm is the similar, although diminished, appearance of the exaggerated dermatoglyphics of the palmar surface of the hands and fingers. In addition, the outermost cutaneous structure of the hand appears thickened and has a moss-like texture (for comparison, see Fig. 1, showing a tripe palm in a 69-year-old female patient suffering from metastasizing bladder cancer). In contrast, in the figure presented by Pentenero et al., we noticed several well-circumscribed hyperkeratotic plaques distributed on the palmar surface of the hand, resembling localized keratosis palmaris. Nevertheless, the authors should be congratulated on the reporting of these important clinical signs.


Although an uncommon condition, xanthoma tuberosum gives such a striking clinical picture and can be diagnosed so readily that unless there are additional features that reflect something of its cause, clinical reports alone are now passe. Necropsy reports are rare, but of these a sufficient proportion has disclosed analogous internal changes to indicate that in the future search for these should be made. In the first of our cases only the tendo patellae was affected in addition to the skin; but in our second case, the lungs, liver, skull, pineal body, pituitary and tuber cinereum were invaded, attaining, we believe, the high-water mark for extracutaneous xanthic involvement to date. Other features which threw sidelights on established or controversial phases of the disease were the association of xanthoma planum in Case 1, and of jaundice and hypercholesterolemia in Case 2. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.— Russell G., aged 36, white, who


In the title compound, C13H12N2O2S, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic ring planes is 87.52 (12)°. The molecule shows an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯S and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding.


Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms, whose size varies from around 0.5mm to several hundred mm. Some of them have phototactic self-propelling properties and move according to environmental light intensity. In industry, microalgae are processed for use in health foods and supplements, as well as other areas including cultivation feed and the recovery of rare metals. In addition, one of the most remarkable applications of microalgae is biofuel production, to which they offer numerous advantages. For example, their productivity is far higher than that of crops such as corn, soybeans, canola, and palm oil. The technology for biofuel production using microalgae is being developed following society's demand for carbon-neutral energy resources. The flow of microalgae suspensions appears in the biofuel production process and affects the productivity. Analysis of such flows provides useful information for the design of the process and equipment used in engineering applications. Furthermore, microalgae are active particles with a selfpropelling ability, which generates suspensions with complex characteristics, making their flow behavior and rheological properties interesting from the viewpoint of the fluid mechanics of complex fluids. The rheological properties of the suspensions of various microalgae have been investigated by many researchers. Chen et al. 7) investigated the mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth of Haematococcus lacustris and the rheological properties of the cell suspensions. They found that the growth affected the suspension rheology and the suspensions showed non-Newtonian characteristics described by the Bingham model; that is the suspensions exhibited the yield stress and plastic viscosity. Non-Newtonian behavior of the viscosity such as shear-thinning was observed for various types of microalgae. The concentration dependence of the viscosity was successfully approximated by the Krieger-Dougherty model 13) for suspensions of various microalgae. Moreover, Rafaï et al. 8) and Mussler et al. 14) reported that the dependence of the viscosity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii suspensions on the volume fraction of the Numerical Simulation of the Flows of Phototactic Microalgae Suspensions in an Illuminated Circular Channel


Using a set of first-principles calculations, we studied the electronic structures of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, so called MXenes, functionalized with F, O, and OH. Our projected band structures and electron localization function analyses reveal the existence of nearly free electron (NFE) states in a variety of MXenes. The NFE states are spatially located just outside the atomic structure of MXenes and are extended parallel to the surfaces. Moreover, we found that the OH-terminated MXenes offer the NFE states energetically close to the Fermi level. In particular, the NFE states in some of the OH-terminated MXenes, such as $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2},\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2},\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}\mathrm{N}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2},\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{f}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2},\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{f}}_{2}\mathrm{N}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2},\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{b}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$, are partially occupied. This is in remarkable contrast to graphene, graphane, and $\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, in which their NFE states are located far above the Fermi level and thus they are unoccupied. As a prototype of such systems, we investigated the electron transport properties of $\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{f}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$ and found that the NFE states in $\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{f}}_{2}\mathrm{C}{(\mathrm{OH})}_{2}$ provide almost perfect transmission channels without nuclear scattering for electron transport. Our results indicate that these systems might find applications in nanoelectronic devices. Our findings provide new insights into the unique electronic band structures of MXenes.


Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) have increasing popularity in recent years due to their extensive use in domestic appliances, electric/hybrid vehicles, wind power generation and more electric aircraft technologies. This paper proposes a unified drive system simulation for all types of PMSMs. Its unified structure achieves self controller tuning and decoupling compensation once a machine is replaced by another. Field oriented control based realistic drive is implemented with a much-simplified simulation. The proposed structure incorporates with parameter variations, inverter nonlinearities, and DC-link voltage variations as well as it simulates ideal system behavior. Each system nonlinearity can be simply studied for any machine by deliberately altering the corresponding parameter owing to its unified structure. Hence, the effect of that particular variation on harmonic distortions, torque ripples, torque production capability, battery utilization ratio, system efficiency, system response and so on can be analyzed in detail. Thus, the novel implementation strategy will not only be quite useful to analyze the system behavior under different evaluation metrics, but it will accelerate the research and developments on the promising topic. The effectiveness of the strategy has been verified by extensive simulations.


Author(s): Malmstrom, C. M.; Randerson, James T.; Thompson, M. V.; Mooney, H. A.; Field, C. B. | Abstract: The CASA model is a light-use efficiency model of NPP coupled with a Century-type model of soil organic matter processes. This paper describes the results of driving the CASA model with multiyear sets of AVHRR NDVI and climate variables to generate NPP estimates for the period 1982-1990.


For 2 days, a 49-year-old man with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia has experienced light-headedness and fatigue. Based on the presenting ECG, what is the most likely cause of his symptoms? A. Accelerated junctional rhythm. B. First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. C. Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) second-degree AV block. D. Mobitz type II second-degree AV block. E. Third-degree AV block (complete heart block).


Education is a fundamental component of any society and is also important for development of any nation. The scientific knowledge can be achieved by the introduction of science education in our traditional education system. Recently, the education system of India at higher secondary level is playing very crucial role in developing scientific attitude particularly for science stream students. Therefore, the investigator tried through this study to explore the scientific attitude among the students of senior secondary schools in relation to their scholastic achievement. The objectives of this study were to compare the scientific attitude among senior secondary students of science stream on the basis of gender and locality and to find out the relationship between scientific attitude and scholastic achievement among different groups of students studying at senior secondary level.The data was analysed on the basis of non-parametric statistical tests. The findings were shown that on basis of locality scientific attitude among students of senior secondary was significantly different and there was positive relationship between scientific attitude and scholastic achievement.


Based on discussing the drain formality of the state- owned land assets, this paper studied the mechanism of state- owned land assets loss from land capitalization theory, land property rights,management system, market to law and regulation and so on. Then, the control measures on the state- owned land assets loss were put forward.


Hedinomorpha martensorum spec. nov., H. jaegeri spec. nov. and H. sympatrica spec. nov. are described, the former species from Qinghai Province, and both latter ones occurring syntopically in Shaanxi Province, China. A brief description and a new diagnosis of Hedinomorpha, a key to its 24 species presently known, and a map showing their distributions are provided. The affinities of Hedinomorpha within the tribe Sulciferini are discussed.


The study compares the application of the forecasting methods Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series model and fuzzy time series by heuristic models on the amount of Taiwan export. When our model prolongs the sample period, the predicted error is smaller for the ARIMA model than for the heuristic model. Moreover, the predicted trajectory of the ARIMA model is much closer to the realistic trend than the heuristic model. Thus, the ARIMA model can forecast the export amount more accurately than the heuristic models. In the economic viewpoints, the amount of Taiwan exports is mainly attributable to external factors. In addition, the impact reduces with time and the export with lags 12 or 13 do not affect current export amount anymore. If the sample period is shorter, the heuristic models outperform ARIMA models. A heuristic fuzzy time series model can be utilized to predict export values accurately, when only small set of data is available.


Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity have been investigated in several African mole-rat species. Even though mole-rats spend most of their lives in underground burrows devoid of light, studies have shown that they do possess circadian rhythms to some extent. We investigated the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in 11 male Ansell's mole-rats Fukomys anselli from Zambia. In order to determine whether these animals can entrain to light and have endogenous rhythms, they were subjected to different light regimes: first, 12 h light/12 h dark, followed by constant darkness, then returned to 12 h light/12 h dark, which was later inversed to 12 h dark/12 h light. Only two individuals displayed arrhythmic activity patterns whereas the other nine (81.8%) exhibited entrainment of their activity to the light regimes. Locomotory activity of Ansell's mole-rat was predominantly during the dark phase in all light regimes. During constant darkness (DD), only five individuals (45.5%) displayed very weak circadian rhythms that free ran but became more indistinct towards the end of the cycle. Under the second LD light cycle, 90.1% of the animals were active during the night phase of the cycle and when placed under an inverse light cycle, seven individuals still displayed activity predominantly during the dark phase. In conclusion, these results suggest that Ansell's mole-rat does have a weak circadian clock and is able to perceive light and entrain to light cycles.


Water and cation losses from two soil types were studied in monolith lysimeters fertilized with 375 kg/ha potassium chloride (50 per cent K) and 375 kg/ha superphosphate (22 per cent Ca), in which subterranean clover was grown. An advance of five weeks in time of sowing and germination reduced the mean percolate loss from 26 to 16 cm ; the unsown control lost 31 cm. Potassium leaching decreased from 77 to 37 kg/ha and the unsown treatment lost 87 kg/ha. Magnesium decreased from 26 to 10 kg/ha and the unsown treatment lost 31 kg/ha. With calcium there was a marked decrease from 132 to 51 kg/ha ; the unsown control lost 164 kg/ha. Cation leaching was most severe during the first part of the growing season. Early plant growth reduced cation leaching by increasing the water use and cation uptake. The early sown treatment contained 136 kg/ha K in 9,500 kg/ha DM total tops, whereas the late sown treatment had 94 kg/ha K in 6,300 kg/ha DM total tops. The decreased uptake was similar in magnitude to the increase in leaching loss of potassium.


This paper concerns the correction of errors occurring in the compressed HTML pages during their transmission via a noisy mobile channel using an iterative decoding approach. The proposed receiver is based on the conventional sequential decoding M-algorithm. To improve the performances of the receiver, we propose to modify the M-algorithm in order to exploit the speciflc rules related to (i) the entropic Lempel-Ziv-77 coding algorithm adopted by the recent flle exchange protocol, and (ii) the syntax of the HTML language. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the quality of the protection of the transmitted HTML pages compared to a conventional channel decoding.


After a brief recall of our main results obtained during a recent theoretical cluster calculation on anion antisite‐related defects in GaAs, we discuss the consequences of their resonance parameters. Experimentally, we perform a detailed analysis of the electron paramagnetic resonance data in plastically deformed undoped and Cr‐doped semi‐insulating materials in conjunction with simultaneous EL2° optical absorption measurements. Combining theoretical calculations and experimental results, we are able to identify the ''As+Ga'' spectrum as a superposition of spectra ascribed to the isolated As+Ga and to its binary and ternary vacancy complexes, whereas the ternary complex AsGaVGaVAs only is believed to be the probable configuration for EL2.


Abstract This paper treats an M/G/1 retrial queue with abandoned customers and multi-optional vacations. If the server is found busy upon a new arrival, the customer being served could be abandoned by the server with some probability. Once the system is empty after a service completion, the server takes the first essential vacation (FEV) immediately. At the end of the FEV, if the system is still empty, the server will take another optional vacation depending on the server's choice; whereas, if the server finds a nonempty system, it will wait for a new arrival or a repeated customer from the orbit. The sufficient and necessary condition for the system to be stable is provided by using the embedded Markov chain technique. Moreover, the steady-state analysis is carried out via the supplementary variable method. The Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the sojourn time distribution is also provided. Finally, numerical examples with cost optimization analysis are given.


not itself a virtue, played an indispensable role in the proper education of the young; I explore a similar role for pride.


In 1937 a short paragraph by Whitlock appeared in the Journal of Parasitology commenting on the fact that there appeared to be a sexual difference in the degree of infection with Syngamus trachea of some Hungarian partridges which were being confined at the Michigan State Game Farm. Of 34 infected birds that he examined, 32 were females. He puts forward the suggestion that the strain of egg laying had lowered the vitality of the females to such an extent as to allow of the establishment of the parasite. We must assume therefore that all these birds were fully adult and that they were examined in the spring or early summer.