Background
Computer assisted three-dimensional (3D) printing of anatomic models using advanced imaging has wide applications within orthopaedics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the 3D printing accuracy of carpal bones.

Methods
Seven cadaveric wrists underwent CT scanning, after which select carpal bones (scaphoid, capitate, lunate, and trapezium) were dissected in toto. Dimensions including length, circumference, and volume were measured directly from the cadaver bones. The CT images were converted into 3D printable stereolithography (STL) files. The STL files were converted into solid prints using a commercially available 3D printer. The 3D printed models' dimensions were measured and compared to those of the cadaver bones. A paired t-test was performed to determine if a statistically significant difference existed between the mean measurements of the cadavers and 3D printed models. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the two groups were calculated to measure the degree of agreement.

Results
On average, the length and circumference of the 3D printed models were within 2.3 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively, of the cadaveric bones. There was a larger discrepancy in the volume measured, which on average was within 0.65 cc (15.9%) of the cadaveric bones. These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was strong agreement between all measurements except the capitate's length and lunate's volume.

Conclusion
3D printing can add value to patient care and improve outcomes. This study demonstrates that 3D printing can both accurately and reproducibly fabricate boney models that closely resemble the corresponding cadaveric anatomy.


> If exercise could be packed in a pill, it would be the single most widely prescribed and beneficial medicine in the nation.
>
> —Robert Butler, MD, Chair of the National Institute of Aging

As captured by Robert Butler's quote, there is no disputing the wide-reaching health benefits of exercise training. Despite this, the health burden associated with the diseases of inactivity continues to rise. Each year millions of dollars are invested to promote physical activity, yet uptake remains relatively low as highlighted by data showing that only 20.2% of the US population meet the physical activity guidelines for aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise.1 Given these facts, it is imperative that any research that questions the benefits of exercise, or indeed suggests that exercise is deleterious to health, needs to be handled responsibly and placed within appropriate context.

See Article by Abdullah et al

A logical question following on from Butler's analogy is that if exercise acts as a medication, is it possible to overdose? This idea has received significant scientific attention, especially in relation …


This paper presents the first empirical evidence of the causal impact of individuals' education on their attitudes towards traditional gender roles in Europe. We employ two national panel datasets from the UK and Switzerland and a repeated cross-sectional dataset with information from 13 Western European countries for the analysis. To estimate the causal impact of education on gender role attitudes, we exploit the exogenous variation in individuals' education induced by the compulsory school reforms implemented in European countries after World War II. Our results suggest that an additional year of education instigates egalitarian gender role attitudes equivalent of 0.1-0.3 of a standard deviation. While education's moderating effect is particularly prominent among women, we find no evidence of effect heterogeneity concerning individuals' religiosity. Our findings are robust to numerous checks performed and are briefly discussed for their policy relevance.


This study analyzes the patterns of diversity and distribution of macrofungi in the protected area of Miraflor – Moropotente, Esteli - Nicaragua, having as main variables the height and condition of the oak forests of the area (Quercus segoviensis and Quercus sapotaefolia), that relate to whether the described variables affect the presence or absence of macrofungi, were designated a total of 12 sampling areas and applied different diversity indices such as Shannon index, Simpson and Sorensen to value diversity alpha and beta levels. He found 31 families 55 genera grouped with 85 morphospecies, which meant a total of 1722 specimens distributed in the different sampling areas. We can say that based on the results that there is no significant difference in the diversity of macrofungi taking into account the variables described above.


Abstract:This essay offers a candid overview of the past one hundred years of preK–fifth grade Spanish language teaching and learning in the United States. Among the topics addressed are numbers of programs, program models, and factors that impact the success of learners and programs.


(1) Generally speaking, amylase activity of leaf tobacco becomes high in the process of flue curing, but it becomes lower temporarily at the middle stage. However, after flue curing it is about three times high than before flue curing. (2) Invertase activity of leaf tobacco in the process of flue curing becomes higher than before flue curing, but becomes lower temporarily at the last stage. However, after flue curing, the activity remains simlar as before flue curing. (3) Catalase activity of leaf tobacco in the process of flue curing becomes high at the early stage, but it becomes obviously lower at the last stage. However, after flue curing it decreases less than one third when compared with the activity before flue curing. (4) Peroxidase activity of leaf tobacco in the proccess of flue curing becomes high at the early stage, but it becomes obviously lower at the last stage. However, after flue curing it decreases less than one tenth when compared with the activity before flue curing.


Objective To study the absorption of total tanshinones in rats' stomach,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon.Methods Tanshinone ⅡA(TSIIA) was used as index component to determine total tanshinones.The in situ perfusion method in rats was employed to investigate the intestinal absorption.The concentration of TSIIA and phenol red in the solution of in situ intestines were determined by UV dual-wavelength spectrophotometry.Results Various dosages of total tanshinones were administrated.The results indicated that the absorption rate ka decreased slightly,absorption half life time t1/2 increased gradually with the increase of drug concentration.Conclusions The saturation phenomenon is existed in total tanshinones absorption,which indicates that the transport mechanism of total tanshinones in vivo is similar to active transport or facilitated diffusion.The absorption mechanism in stomach may be passive diffusion.The results also show that the absorption rate in colon is the highest for the passive diffusion of total tanshiones.


Around nature reserves and other protected areas local people are often given to resisting, overtly or covertly, regulations that block their access to resources they cherish. Although state or other organizations may consider the establishment of a nature reserve essential to the conservation of rare species and endangered ecosystems, local people view this co-optation of essential resources as a threat to their livelihoods. Conflicts result between nature-reserve managers who aspire to protect endangered species and local people who are struggling to maintain their access to natural resources (Hobbs 1996; Whitesell 1996; Naughton-Treves 1997; Sundberg 1998). As such conflicts have gained greater attention in recent years, conservation and development organizations have implemented environmental education and rural development programs designed to ease disputes. Do these programs actually reduce conflicts between local people and nature-reserve managers? How do these programs affect natural resource use by local people? My research poses these questions for two distinct case-study areas -- one Chinese, one Russian. This geographical field note focuses on my work in Caohai Nature Reserve, in the southwestern Chinese province of Guizhou, where I completed five months of field dissertation research in 1998 and 1999 and where I expect to conduct additional research in 2000. Around Caohai Nature Reserve, a wetland wintering ground for several species of endangered migratory birds, intense competition simmers between nature-reserve managers and land-poor farmers over access to arable land and fishing and hunting rights. To reduce these conflicts, a pair of United States -- based nongovernmental organizations (NGOS), the International Crane Foundation and the Trickle Up Program, are sponsoring a rural development initiative based on microcredit. This market-oriented intervention is designed to reduce local pressures on the resources of the nature reserve by alleviating poverty. In fieldwork that includes semi-structured interviews with local farmers, nature-reserve managers, and local government officials, I am investigating the extent to which this rural development program has eased conflicts and local dependence on natural resources. Caohai Nature Reserve lies on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau at an altitude of 2,170 meters (Figure 1). It is in one of the poorest counties of Guizhou Province, which is, in turn, among the poorest provinces in China. Hamlets within the reserve generally comprise fifty or more wooden houses, roofed with thatch or tile. Slightly better off families can afford homes built of stone. On the lakeside of a hamlet are cornfields that often extend and submerge into the lake (Figure 2). Farmers add layer upon layer of new earth to keep the land from flooding during the summer rainy season. In winter, the fields are often planted with cabbages and radishes. Potatoes are grown on denuded hillsides behind the hamlets. Staple foods include a corn mush, not unlike grits, eaten with fried potatoes, cabbage, and, if the family can afford it, smoked pork or salted fish. Most hamlets in Caohai are single-surname, patrilineal villages in which patri-local customs prevail. Only men inherit land. Daughters leave their village to marry into another village. Men have little formal education, and most women are entirely illiterate. Boys attend a local elementary school but rarely go on to secondary school, and most girls receive no schooling at all. Both mothers and fathers have told me that it would amount to a squandering of scarce funds were they to pay school fees for a daughter. Because girls leave the village, educating them is not a profitable investment. The apparent number of girls receiving an education in Caohai exceeds the actual count. Among the little girls I thought were attending the local primary school there turned out to be, to my not inconsiderable surprise, a sizable corps of little boys dressed as girls. …


Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The EUROASPIRE V study, conducted across 27 European countries (2016–2017), investigated whether the European guidelines on secondary CVD prevention were being met. Aims The aim of this secondary analysis of the EUROASPIRE V data was to compare the CVD event-rate in those with and without CKD (defined as an eGFR Methods A cohort study was conducted of patients who were interviewed between 6–24 months after an index hospitalisation for coronary heart disease (CHD). Follow-up was subsequently performed at least 12 months after the interview to record new CVD events. The primary outcome was a composite of fatal and non-fatal CVD. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed. Results Of the 8251 participants who attended the interview, 2126 (25.8%) were female. The majority (7060, 86%) were Caucasian. In total, 1303 (16.7%) had CKD. The prevalence of CVD risk factors are outlined in table 1. At follow-up 7509 (98.5%) were alive. Of those that died, 37 (51.39%) deaths were due to CHD (figure 1). Regarding non-fatal events, 135 (1.8%) were hospitalised for myocardial infarction (MI) during follow-up and 84 (1.1%) were hospitalised for a stroke/TIA. Among those with recurrent CVD events (i) mean eGFR (95% CI) was 14.9 ml/min/1.73 m² lower in persons suffering fatal CVD vs. others (6.5, 23.4) p= 0.001 (ii) eGFR was 7.23 ml/min/1.73 m² lower in stroke than no stroke (2.16, 12.31) p= 0.006 (iii) eGFR was 1.56 ml/min/1.73 m² lower in MI than no MI (-3.03, 6.14) p= 0.503. (Table 2, figure 2) Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for CV events in those with CKD versus those without: (i) CVD Death 1.305 (0.519, 3.279) p= 0.572 (ii) MI 1.228 (0.753, 2.000) p= 0.410 (iii) Stroke 1.563 (0.864, 2.828) p= 0.14. Conclusion A sixth of the European CHD population has CKD. Participants who had a stroke or died from CVD over follow-up had a statistically significantly lower baseline eGFR than those who did not. The HR suggest an increased risk for CV events in CKD but this was not statistically significant. Further studies with a longer follow-up period are needed in this area.


As the success of social media platforms heavily depends on the amount and the nature of user-generated content, content monetization has been introduced as a mechanism to incentivize users to generate content. In particular, content contributors can be paid (i.e. tipped) by readers who like the story. We adopted difference-in-differences approach with robustness matching estimator to examine the impact of content monetization. Our results confirm that the content monetization effectively motivate content demand and supply and also improves content quality. Furthermore, such economic incentives have a spillover effect on ordinary weibo users before they are eligible to adopt "tipping" function. However, the verified users who have already been the experts or celebrities in the society may be depressed after open application of the program. This result suggests that start-ups are able to survive and earn profit even in markets that are dominated by famous celebrities because of the monetization mechanism.


Part 1 The Background. 1. The Setting Analysis. 2. The Revolution of 1905 and its consequences. Part 2: Descriptive analysis. 3. February-October 1917. 4. The Bolshevik seizure of power, October 1917. 5. The Bolshevik retention of power. 6. Civil War and its consequences: 1918-1921. Part 3: Assessment. 7. The Challenge of Progress. Part 4: Documents. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.


This paper will propose a new type of "narrative interface" including an automatic narrative generation mechanism based on our integrated narrative generation system and the experimental application systems. For the demonstration of three types of narrative interfaces, we introduce Narrative Forest and KOSERUBE as application systems of the integrated system. In the former, a narrative tree structure generated is corresponded to the visual image of a tree and the generation process is always reflected to the growth of the tree. KOSERUBE automatically generates narratives in the style of a folktale with characters/places/objects. They are respectively equivalent to "symbolic narrative interface" and "realistic narrative interface". Another significant concept of our narrative interface is "the fluidity and fixation of a narrative as information content". We will present several examples of narrative interface dependent on the above conceptual ground in this paper.


Automatic character segmentation is the first most fundamental and crucial step for the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system. Though there have been a lot mature commercial OCR systems for controlled environment, the techniques of OCR are not as popular as expected for the complex uncontrolled environment. The bottleneck is character segmentation from noisy background. In this paper, we propose a multi-operator combined character segmentation algorithm to partition the characters from complex background. To handle the uncontrolled lighting condition, we propose a localized Canny operator for pre-edge detection and refine it with the Compass operator to promote the accuracy of edge detection under complex background. The proposed algorithm involves the advantage of the localized Canny operator in speed and the advantage of Compass Operator in accuracy. By comparing with other algorithms and analyzing the performance of the proposed algorithm, it can be concluded that our algorithm can achieve a better result of character segmentation in complex scenarios.


The design of each system component is described. Emphasis is placed on functional requirements unique in this system, including data bus communication, data bus transmitters and receivers, and ternary-to-binary torquing decision logic. Mechanization drawings are presented.


In order to improve the efficiency of feedback resource in the uplink channel,phase feedback in coordinated multiple point(CoMP) systems with multi-cell overlapped was considered and the optimal solution for adaptive limited feedback in users was derived in this paper.The user could decide the allocations of the feedback bits according to the transmission channel gain,the interference channel strength,and the relative phase information of the received signals from different base stations.Besides,pre-adjustment of the phase in pre-coding design at the base stations was employed,which helped to achieve coherent combining of received signals at the user side.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme remarkably improves the system throughput performance without increasing the feedback overhead.


Since the economic liberalization in 1986, both the Vietnamese economy and its higher education system have been developed very quickly. Paradoxically, despite the fact that each year thousands of students graduate, many having difficulties finding work, employers still complain that it is hard to find graduates with the required knowledge and skills. Complaints are made about university graduates being weak in planning their future, having impractical professional knowledge and lacking necessary skills required by the contemporary workplace. Skill limitation is considered one of the biggest barriers preventing university graduates from having a smooth transition to the workplace (Tran Ngoc Ca, 2006; Tran Quang Trung & Swierczek, 2009).


Backgroud Preoperative fasting and inappropriate application of insulin might cause intraoperative hypoglycemia in pediatric surgery, while stress reaction and overdose glucose might lead to hyperglycemia. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia might damage the central nervous system and lead to severe sequelae. Objective To generate current best evidence for intraoperative blood glucose in pediatric surgery. Content Reviewing current opinion and management of blood glucose disorder and discussing the influence of various concentration of dextrose solution on intraoperative blood glucose. Trend Much more attention should be paid to management of intraoperative blood glucose.

Key words:
Hypoglycemia;  Hyperglycemia;  Insulin;  Pediatric anesthesia


The progress made by the Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP) is summarized, with emphasis on the following areas: ceramic materials assessment and characterization, ceramic impact damage assessment, ceramic combustor evaluation, turbine inlet particle separator development, impact-tolerant turbine designs, and net-shape ceramic component fabrications. In the evolutionary ceramics development in the Automotive Gas Turbine (AGT101) and ATTAP programs initial designs were conceived to reduce stresses by using well-established criteria: bodies of revolution were preferred over nonaxisymmetric geometries, sharp corners were avoided, the contact area between components was kept as large as possible, and small parts were preferred over large when feasible. Projects discussed include: initial ceramic component fabrication by ceramic suppliers in 1990, engine test to 1371 C in 1991, 100-hr test bed engine durability test in 1991, and 300-hr test bed engine durability in 1992.


Our initiation of a reverse-integration practice model revealed numerous advantages and rewards, as well as many challenges, for which we found solutions.


Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) was selected as one of the alternatives to the In-Tank Precipitation Process (ITP) for removal of cesium from the salt waste at Savannah River Site. The proposed salt waste treatment process using CST would involve passing a filtered salt waste through a fixed bed of CST. The CST would remove the cesium from the salt waste by ion exchange and the decontaminated salt would be incorporated into the Saltstone Process. This report documents the results of investigations into the mixing and re-suspension characteristics of two 10 wt percent CST slurries.


As a famous contemporary philosopher in China,Zhang Dainian is one of the fewest philosophers who founded their own philosophical theories in the last century.Being a firm materialist,he advocates Marxism and makes unparalleled contribution in developing the Confucian resources and ideological values.His theory is as truthful and simple as his personal quality.He accentuates the practical significance of "learning" in Chinese philosophy,and founds his own outlook on life basing on neo-materialism.He criticizes idealistic philosophy but devotes himself to pursuing ideal.He doesn't agree to the ontological concept of previous philosophy,but attributes the final meaning of human life to "the harmony between nature and human" of materialism.


FDA has approved saxagliptin and metformin XR (Kombiglyze XR, AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb) tablets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. Kombiglyze XR is the first and only once-a-day metformin XR plus DPP-4 inhibitor combination tablet offering strong glycaemic control across glycosylated hemoglobin levels, fasting plasma glucose and post-prandial glucose.


Tissue matrix metalloproteinases participate in extracellular matrix remodelling and degradation. Increased expression of MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 are linked to unfavourable cardiovascular conditions, including inflammatory damage leading to increased plaque instability. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with higher MMP-9 concentrations, while vitamin D supplementation has been shown to decrease circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in vitamin D-deficient adults. The effect of vitamin D supplementation (0, 5, 10 and 15mg cholecalciferol/d) on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations was investigated in two randomised placebo-controlled double-blind 22-week intervention studies in men and women aged 20–40 years (n 215; during winter 2006–7) and ‡ 64 years (n 215; during winter 2007–8) from Cork and Coleraine. Fasting serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured by ELISA at baseline and end point.


Floods are natural inundations affecting rivers, lakes, coasts and the open sea. Due to anthropogenic impacts those floods can be modified with pollutants. The pollutants are then transported or dislocated during flood events and can then harm humans and life, society and other. The main objective of the project is to understand the complex and non‐linear processes, effects and long‐term impacts of “Toxic Floods” including the various influences of changing natural and anthropogenic boundary conditions from past to future.

As water/environmental engineers we aim to understand flood-related dispersion of contaminants and contaminated sediment. Therefore, we have a deep look at processes concerning sediment transport, fate and load during flood events. In a further step, it is aimed to describe and quantify the anthropogenic impact in floodplains and medium size river catchments. This knowledge will help to simulate toxic floods and define different scenarios and their effect on the environment.

In collaboration with an interdisciplinary team we can synthesize all outcomes and will be able to develop e.g. smart flood monitoring plans.[CB1]


The present invention, by utilizing the conventional terminal, an object to realize a system that can utilize the new application, its configuration, installed on the network to manage the correspondence application information of the communication terminal features and, connected to the peripheral terminal by short-range connections mounted in the communication terminal, and a function of transferring data.


Jersey steers (n = 12) were used to evaluate the effects of an aggressive implant strategy aimed to improve value in historically low-value, dairy steers. Steers were fed for 420d after being randomly allocated to one of two treatments: IMP (Revalor-200 administered at d0-d70-d140-d210-d280-d350) or CON (negative control). Steers were harvested after 420d and were fabricated after chilling into primals, subprimals, and trimmed lean, fat, and bone components. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Primals from IMP cattle were a greater percentage of round (P = 0.02; 22.93 vs 21.55%) whereas CON cattle were a greater percentage of rib (P = 0.01; 9.56 vs 8.81%) and plate (P = 0.06; 9.51 vs 8.43%). Subprimals were greater for IMP than CON in the brisket (P < 0.01; 2.55 vs 2.03%), bottom sirloin tri-tip (P = 0.04; 0.75 vs 0.64%), bottom round (P < 0.01; 3.23 vs 2.74%), and eye of round (P < 0.01; 1.35 vs 1.04%), with tendencies for differences in knuckle (P = 0.09; 3.01 vs 2.78%) and heel meat (P = 0.08; 1.20 vs 1.09%). Muscle to bone ratio was similar (P = 0.31) between CON (2.34:1) and IMP (2.54:1), whereas muscle to fat ratios were greater (P = 0.02) in IMP (4.05:1) than CON (2.68:1). Total carcass fat was greater in CON than IMP (P = 0.03; 20.19 vs 15.07%), total red meat yield was numerically larger in IMP than CON (P = 0.13; 59.02 vs. 53.88%), yet total bone was similar between treatments (P = 0.94; 22.97 vs 22.83%) cattle. These data indicate an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steers can increase muscle to fat ratio and fabrication yields in the round and brisket, while reducing total carcass fat.


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of inscriptions for study of some Greek diplomatic procedures such as concluding treaties and exchange of envoys between the Greek poleis themselves and the Greeks and the barbarians. The scholars usually study the diplomacy of classical Greece primarily on the basis of literary sources involving inscriptions only for comparing with the evidence of narrative material. The inscriptions provide us with information on the development of treaties' vocabulary. They allow to determine main features of the Greek allied and peace treaties which were in existence during two centuries in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. It is concluded that the inscriptions when comparing with the narrative sources, on the one hand, allow to study the Greek vocabulary of diplomacy, on the second hand, to understand the Greek diplomatic procedures and their development, on the third hand, to compliment other sources relating to the Greek diplomatic events.


Author considers the term master . For some people a master means simply a teacher, and this usage is the most popular one. But those both meanings, though have something in common, are not identical. A master is not chosen by his job position, moreover, this is a pupil who chooses him; a master could be a person who died long time ago, with whom we had no personal contact. A master is the person who knows better, who was able to posses definitely an area of knowledge as well as art and can serve as an example for his adepts. Master, this word makes us think of the word magician, because he is like a magician, initiated in the most mysterious secrets. Author stresses that in various times various masters were chosen just by following them. Analysis of these choices brings quite good characteristics of a society and is one of the subject-matters in the contemporary history of culture.


the period of the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China in in Gansu province southwest border region has made great extent,the development of the market,From the Qing dynasty official put cha ma hu,to the end of the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China market basic outlets in the whole area(although the overall number than the vast area is still rare),formed a preliminary system of network.Many nodes in the network,the hui merchants and the Mongolian and Tibetan people is a general folk national economic exchanges,at all levels of the rise of the market,the development plays an important role.


Objective —The use of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound to determine ankle brachial index (ABI) is the gold standard for diagnosing asymptomatic peripheral artery disease. This method is labor intensive, requires training, and has considerable interobserver variability. Automated oscillometric measurement (AOM) of blood pressure is fast, simple, and generally available in clinics, but there are few studies of its usefulness for determination of the ABI. We compared these two methods to determine the usefulness of AOM as a screening tool. We also assessed the agreement between two different AOM devices. Methods —Seventy-four patients, including 33 diabetics, who presented to our vascular clinic to have their ABI measured were enrolled. A vascular nurse certified in ABI measurements (J.B.) performed blood pressure measurements in all four extremities by using the traditional Doppler method and two different automated oscillometric devices. The order of the three measurements was randomized. To avoid the effect of interrelated measures within each subject, we analyzed left and right legs separately (74 for each group). Measurements were grouped as abnormal (ABI = 0.90), normal (ABI 0.91–1.30), or elevated (ABI > 1.30). Agreement between Doppler measurements and oscillometric measurements was investigated by use of Pearson's χ2 analysis. In addition, correlation coefficients, including Spearman and Gamma statistic, were computed, as was the Kappa statistic, a measure of interrater agreement. Results —The correlation coefficients for comparison of Doppler with the two AOM devices were 0.70 and 0.73 (p < 0.01). For the diabetics, correlation coefficients were 0.64 and 0.70 (p < 0.01). The intermachine correlation ranged from 0.65 to 0.69 (p < 0.01). As a screening tool oscillometric measurement had a sensitivity of 44%, specificity of 96%, positive predictive value of 87%, negative predictive value of 68%, and am accuracy of 73%. Kappa statistic was 0.41. Conclusions —Oscillometric measurement of ABI had good correlation with Doppler ultrasound measurements, and there was little difference between the two different machines tested. AOM has value as a rapid, initial screening examination in primary care clinics. When positive, the examination is a reliable indicator of atherosclerosis to identify patients who need intense risk factor modification. When negative, it is only moderately predictive of the absence of disease. Patients suspected of high risk for atherosclerosis who have negative examinations require further testing.


With the development of the economic environment in China,accountant environment has changed a lot.Under the circumstances,there are great challenges to the teaching system reform of the subject of accountant.After giving a presentation on this background,the thesis analyses the status of accountant teaching in college and educes the problems in the field.At the end,the author puts forward several material suggestions to the reform.


Invasive infection by group A streptococcus, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), has a mortality rate as high as 70%. Evidence indicates lower levels of protective antibodies in individuals with invasive infection than in those with noninvasive infection. Additionally, a cohort study using historical controls suggested benefit from intravenous …


Abstract While there has been a recent increase in focus on the role of early life socioeconomic status (SES) on preferences and decision-making, there is still debate surrounding the proper theoretical framework for understanding such effects. Some have argued that early life SES can fundamentally shift time preferences per se, such that those from low SES backgrounds favor current rewards over future rewards. Others have argued that, while early life SES has lasting effects on behavior, such effects are only observable in the presence of salient cues to mortality. Here, we propose an alternative framework that centers on environmental uncertainty. In this uncertainty management framework, early life deprivation promotes the development of strategies that minimize the downside costs of uncertainty across domains. We argue that this focus on managing uncertainty results in greater risk-aversion, present-orientation, and prosociality. Furthermore, these effects need not be dependent on salient cues to mortality. Across four large samples of participants (total N = 4714), we find that childhood deprivation uniquely predicts greater risk-aversion (both incentivized and hypothetical) and greater prosociality in economic games. Childhood deprivation also predicts greater present-orientation, but not above-and beyond current SES. We further find that mortality cues are not necessary to elicit these differences. Our results support an uncertainty management perspective on the effects of childhood SES on risk, time, and social preferences.


We have studied the photoluminescence properties of Eu 2+ in mullite. The 0.005 mol Eu 2+ -activated Al/Si = 1/2 mullite shows a single broad-band emission character and an emission band at about 435 nm. The emission band shifts slightly to a longer wavelength with an increase in Eu 2+ concentration because the distance between Eu 2+ ions decreases and the probability of energy transfer among Eu 2+ ions increases with increased Eu 2+ concentration. However, Al/Si = 1/1 mullite shows two emission centers, an Eu 1 - and an Eu 2 -site, which peak at 420 and 482 nm. Also, we investigated the compositional dependence of the luminescence properties of the Eu 2+ ions based on the different Al/Si ratios.


The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic on March 11th, pointing to the over 118,000 cases in over 110 countries and territories around the world at that time. At the time of writing this manuscript, the number of confirmed cases has been surging rapidly past the half-million mark, emphasizing the sustained risk of further global spread. Governments around the world are imposing various containment measures while the healthcare system is bracing itself for tsunamis of infected individuals that will seek treatment. It is therefore important to know what to expect in terms of the growth of the number of cases, and to understand what is needed to arrest the very worrying trends. To that effect, we here show forecasts obtained with a simple iteration method that needs only the daily values of confirmed cases as input. The method takes into account expected recoveries and deaths, and it determines maximally allowed daily growth rates that lead away from exponential increase toward stable and declining numbers. Forecasts show that daily growth rates should be kept at least below 5% if we wish to see plateaus any time soon—unfortunately far from reality in most countries to date. We provide an executable as well as the source code for a straightforward application of the method on data from other countries.


The photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 into organic chemicals on the semiconductor is considered as a feasible plan to address global energy crisis and climate warming. Herein, the heterojunctions NiMoO4/ZnO-x...


The advancements in machine learning (ML) opened a new opportunity to bring intelligence to the low-end Internet-of-Things (IoT) nodes, such as microcontrollers. Conventional ML deployment has high memory and computes footprint hindering their direct deployment on ultraresource-constrained microcontrollers. This article highlights the unique requirements of enabling onboard ML for microcontroller-class devices. Researchers use a specialized model development workflow for resource-limited applications to ensure that the compute and latency budget is within the device limits while still maintaining the desired performance. We characterize a closed-loop widely applicable workflow of ML model development for microcontroller-class devices and show that several classes of applications adopt a specific instance of it. We present both qualitative and numerical insights into different stages of model development by showcasing several use cases. Finally, we identify the open research challenges and unsolved questions demanding careful considerations moving forward.


This paper proposes a method that minimizes the energy consumption in the locomotion of a biped robot. A real-coded genetic algorithm is employed in order to search for the optimal locomotion pattern, and at the same time the optimal locations of the mass centers of the links that compose the biped robot. Since many of the essential characteristics of the human walking motion can be captured with a seven-link planar biped walking in the saggital plane, a 6-DOF biped robot that consists of seven links is used as the model used in the work. For trajectories of the robot in a single stride, fourth-order polynomials are used as their basis functions to approximate the locomotion gait. The coefficients of the polynomials are defined as design variables. For the optimal locations of the mass centers of the links, three variables are added to the design variables under the assumption that the left and right legs are identical. Simulations were performed to compare locomotion trajectories obtained with the genetic algorithm and the one obtained with the gravity-compensated inverted pendulum mode (GCIPM). They show that the proposed trajectory with the optimized mass centers significantly reduces the energy consumption, indicating that the proposed optimized method is a valuable tool in the design of biped robots.


PODE3 reaction mechanism developments are still in the early stages with very limited research. In particular, reaction mechanisms to characterize PODE3 combustion are neither sufficiently compact nor robust for 3D numerical simulations. Hence, the current work seeks to develop a compact yet reliable PODE3 reaction mechanism, embedded with appropriate chemistry to describe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reactions. A decoupling methodology has been employed to achieve the desired outcome. The final mechanism comprises only 120 species and 560 reactions even after including components of diesel and gasoline surrogates. It has been validated with ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds, jet-stirred reactor species concentration profiles, flame species concentration profiles, extinction strain rates, heat release rates in constant volume combustion chamber, homogeneous charge compression ignition engine combustion, and direct injection compression ignition engine combustion. In a numerical investigation conducted using gasoline/diesel/PODE3 blends, soot emissions are observed to decrease with PODE3 increment, which establishes PODE3 as a promising additive. Intriguingly, the current study has also discovered that with 15% PODE3 addition, soot and its precursors will increase in concentration during combustion, though this effect will be outweighed by oxidative effects towards the end. Overall, the new mechanism has been proven suitable and feasible for engine simulations.


The Supreme Court (the Supreme Court 2014. do 10978) acquitted the 53-year-old Lee O O of charges that he had conspired to plot the rebellion, and only found him guilty of instigating the members to stage the rebellion. The Supreme Court upheld a nine-year sentence for a former lawmaker convicted of inciting rebellion in the event of a war with North Korea. Lee OO, a key member of the now-disbanded United Progressive Party, was found guilty of inciting an armed rebellion to overthrow the government, but not guilty of plotting one. In its ruling, the nation's highest court drew a distinction between inciting a rebellion and plotting a rebellion. At Lee's first trial, he was found guilty of both charges. On appeal, he was found guilty only of inciting a rebellion, and was given a nine-year sentence. The Supreme Court ruling upheld that sentence, applying a strict definition of plotting a rebellion in finding LeeOO not guilty of plotting a rebellion. The prosecutors alleged that at a May meeting about 130 members of the clandestine Revolutionary Organization and Lee OO discussed plans to destroy key infrastructure in South Korea in the event of an inter-Korean war. The court found that there was not enough evidence to conclude that the participants in the May meeting came to a decision on the details of the rebellion, and acquitted Lee OO of the conspiracy charge. The Supreme Court ruling said there was insufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the existence of the RO, given that the proof of the group's existence was based solely on the testimony of informants. This runs counter to the Constitutional Court's ruling that acknowledged the RO's existence and ordered the disbanding of the United Progressive Party. The Constitutional Court's decision was controversial due to the timing of the ruling, coming as it did before the Supreme Court ruling on Lee OO's case. The Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court's conclusions about the RO's existence will be debated for some time to come. However, the courts' decisions must be accepted in a democracy where the rule of law prevails. "But to constitute the crime of plotting a rebellion, the agreement on the targets of the rebellion and the actual danger should be recognized. But the evidence is insufficient to recognize that the defendants conspired to subvert the government or prepare for (a revolt)." The court added that should the crime of plotting a revolt be constituted when there are only simple exchanges of views on a revolt, this could undermine people's basic rights and freedom of thought and expression.


Machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms are well suited to process and analyze large amounts of data, as it has been repeatedly proven in applications such as image classification, natural language processing, or recommendation systems. Both ML training and inference are compute- and memory-intensive, leading to widespread adoption of heterogeneous systems containing specialized accelerators. While graphic processing units (GPUs) are the established platform of choice to accelerate training, they are often too power-hungry to run inference tasks, or cannot meet the strict latency requirements of scientific experiments. A variety of custom solutions implemented as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific circuit (ASICs) have been proposed in their place, ranging from generic "neural processors" to accelerators that focus on a narrow set of models with great efficiency.


We discuss the prospects of detecting the processes $e^+p\to\bar\nu_e\ell^+\ell'^+X$ and $\nu_ep\to e\ell^+\ell'^+X$ ($\ell,\ell'=e,\mu,\tau$) under the conditions of the present $ep$ collider HERA and of future colliders. These high-energy processes are assumed to be mediated by the exchange of heavy Majorana neutrinos (HMN). We consider two simple scenarios for the HMN mass spectrum: the effective singlet ($m_1\ll m_2<m_3...$) and the effective doublet ($m_1<m_2\ll m_3...$). For the latter case, the cross section includes information about CP-violating phases.


The spectral and luminescence properties of Er3+ activated Gd2O3 compacted powders have been investigated. There are several excitation channels of Er3+ luminescence: interband transitions, the energy transfer from Gd3+ ions and intracenter excitation. The quantum efficiency of the Er3+ ions luminescence under different excitation was calculated.


The fetishist is unable to love the female as a real person, but he only loves a part of her (partialistn). He is not interested in the female body but in parts of her, like hands, breasts, buttocks, feet, hair or the clothing articles such as shoes, underwear, gloves, handkerchiefs, and so on, which he often obtains by theft. In the old days when women were wearing long hair and dress, the fetishist was going to cut them with scissors, which action gave him the first sexual stimulation. Afterwards, he was going to use them for sexual gratification, usually by masturbation. The following cases were observed in Lima State Hospital.


This paper is about developing personalized speech synthesis systems with recordings of mildly impaired speech. In particular, we consider consonant and vowel alterations resulted from partial glossectomy, the surgical removal of part of the tongue. The aim is to restore articulation in the synthesized speech and maximally preserve the target speaker's individuality. We propose to tackle the problem with guided diffusion models. Specifically, a diffusion-based speech synthesis model is trained on original recordings, to capture and preserve the target speaker's original articulation style. When using the model for inference, a separately trained phone classifier will guide the synthesis process towards proper articulation. Objective and subjective evaluation results show that the proposed method substantially improves articulation in the synthesized speech over original recordings, and preserves more of the target speaker's individuality than a voice conversion baseline.


Delineation of the benefit derived from either surface or subsoil tillage is important for the advancement of soil-conserving crop production systems in the Coastal Plain. The objective of this experiment was to measure the impact of surface and subsoil tillage of a sandy Coastal Plain soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) on grain yield and nitrogen accumulation for a 2-yr rotation of corn (Zea mays) and wheat-double-cropped soybean {(Triticum aestivum L.) and [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]]. Soils of the experimental plots initially possessed different surface residue and organic matter characteristics because they had received in-row subsoiling with either surface-disking tillage or no surface tillage for the previous 18-consecutive years. The current experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2001, which was an exceptionally dry period. Thus, results of this experiment provide insight into how these cropping and tillage treatments performed during one of the driest 5-yr periods of the last half century. In each year, both phases of the crop rotation were grown in plots with the following tillage treatments: (i) neither surface nor subsoil tillage, (ii) paratill subsoiling without surface tillage, (iii) surface tillage without subsoiling, and (iv) both surface tillage and paratill subsoiling. Soybean was not significantly affected by any tillage treatment. With subsoiling, corn grain yields (4-yr means) were not significantly different with surface-disking tillage versus no surface tillage (4.98 and 4.92 Mg ha -1 , respectively). Without subsoiling, corn yields were higher with no surface tillage (4.24 Mg ha -1 ) than with surface-disking tillage (3.51 Mg ha -1 ). Likewise, with subsoiling, wheat grain yields (5-yr means) were not significantly different with surface-disking tillage versus no surface tillage (3.12 and 3.24 Mg ha -1 , respectively). Without subsoiling, wheat grain yields were higher with no surface tillage (2.80 Mg ha -1 ) than with surface-disking tillage (2.59 Mg ha -1 ). Nitrogen accumulations in both shoot dry matter and grain generally followed the treatment responses of grain yield. Thus, during this dry period, surface no-till and the associated accumulation of organic matter could only somewhat compensate for the need to subsoil. With or without surface tillage, paratill subsoiling was very beneficial for corn and wheat yields.


The article develops a procedure for optimizing the technical characteristics of ropeways - the step and the height of intermediate towers, and carrying ropes tension force. The optimization problem was based on the minimization of the tower structures cost. The reduction of computing labor intensity is based on the fact that the position of the minimum point of the objective function will be tied to one of the optimization restrictions. This allowed us to propose two ways to reduce the labor intensity of computing: a) reduction in the dimension of the optimization problem; b) replacement of the search for the minimum of the objective function with the solution of the nonlinear algebraic equation. The article shows that the proposed algorithm has increased computational efficiency. The algorithm allows us to obtain the same optimal values of technical characteristics of ropeways as in the solution of the previously developed optimization task but using simpler mathematical methods.


ABSTRACT Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in child behavioral disorders. This disorder is characterized by the inability of the child to focus on something that is encountered, so that his attention span is very short compared to other children the same age. Not many parents, teachers, or people who understand these disorders so that children with ADHD tend to get treatment and handling erroneous. Objective: Explore experiences of parents with children possibility of ADHD in preschool. Method:Qualitative research with phenomenological approach and the use of informants as many as 5 people. Result: Knowledge about behavior of parents of ADHD had good chances. Parents sufficient experience barriers to care for the child and the needs of various efforts to overcome obstacles in the treatment of children with possible ADHD. Conclusion: Each parent has a different knowledge on ADHD that have different ways of dealing with the behavior of children with ADHD possibilities. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the experience of parents, preschool age


The cross sections for double ionization and the ratios of double to single ionization, including Ps formation for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe are presented from threshold to 100 eV. Within the energy region 6.8 eV below the second ionization potential, i.e., the second Ore gap, we find Ne to have a double-ionization cross section indistinguishable from zero, which is consistent with prior measurements. However, the total double-ionization cross sections for Ar, Kr, and Xe just below the thresholds for direct double ionization are around 7{endash}24h{percent} of the maximum cross-section value for each atom, all of which are of the order of 10{sup {minus}21}hm{sup 2} and occur around 70{endash}90 eV. In contrast to what has previously been found for He and Ne, this is direct evidence of a significant amount of transfer ionization for the three heavier noble gases in the second Ore gap, which is consistent with previous measurements for Ar and Xe. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


The working conditions of the axial-flow pump in the coal-water slurry can are discussed, then the flow math model of the slurry in the can is constructed during the working of axial-flow pump on the ground of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) . The ANSYS software is used to solve the finite element model, and the simulation result is analyzed. It provides the evidences for improving the stirring performance and choosing the reasonable parameters of the axial-flow pump. At last the change of the flow field is discussed by altering the flux and exit shape of the axial-flow pump. The result of the discussion is signifcant in guiding the design of axial-flow pump.


Our respondents—Cortright and Mayer (2004 [this issue]), Gottlieb (2004 [this issue]), and Mathur (2004 [this issue])—greatly enrich the debate over high-tech rankings, relationship to growth, and specialization. We are grateful to them both for the questions they raise about our work and for the depth of critique they bring to thediscussion. All three responses, in particular Gottlieb's, continue our methodological debate, providing valuable insights for both theory and practice. Mathur inspires us to look more deeply at the relationship between high tech and job growth as well as our definition of human capital. We find Cortright and Mayer's views on specialization particularly provocative and Gottlieb's framing of that issue in terms of urbanization and localization economies very useful. The following response takes up these three issues in turn.


The chapter analyses children's multidimensional deprivation in Iran in 2009 and explores inequalities in different regions. The study focused on outcome indicators, with the level of analysis focusing on the individual child as well as the household. A child rights approach is applied to define dimensions of children's deprivation. Six dimensions are examined related to education, shelter, water and sanitation, child labour, child marriage and information; under the three broad categories of rights, that is, provision, protection and participation. A dual cut-off identification strategy is applied and the thresholds are defined to establish three mutually exclusive deprivation levels (deprived, moderately deprived. The analysis shows that rural children have the highest deprivation rates under all dimensions and girls are more deprived than boys under education and labour. Some of the provinces with majority ethnic population have higher deprivation rates than the country's average, and Sistan & Baluchistan is the most deprived province. Moderate deprivation is higher than deprivation rate under all dimensions except for child labour, i.e. the ratio of working children who are also out of school is higher than those who work and still attend school.


Edge computing is an ideal platform for pedestrian detection in smart city because of low latency and location awareness. In edge computing, data collected by IoT devices are processed on edge servers rather than being transported to cloud server. Compared with cloud computing, edge computing could avoid the possibility of pedestrians' privacy being leaked from cloud server or being stolen in the process of transmission. However, edge servers are not always safe. For instance, there are researches show that 89% of WiFi hotspots are unsecured. Hence, it is possible for attackers to know where you go at a given time of the day, which places you prefer to visit from images collected by IoT devices, such as camera, UAVs. Considering the data collected by IoT devices could include the sensitive information about users, we propose a scheme that applies differential privacy to protect the collected data. We experiment on the INRIA Person Dataset and use three deep learning networks. Results show that even though adding differential privacy makes images blurred, the deep learning network on edge servers can detect pedestrians in the images with accuracy as high as 97.3%.


Even though researchers became interested in the study of Middle Byzantine ceramics at a very early stage, in the first decades of the 20th century, it's only during the past two decades and especially since the beginning of the 21st century that we can observe a more systematic research. Its point of focus is located in the renewed typological classification of some pottery categories; in clarifying issues of dating and provenance; and in dealing with the coarse, usually undecorated pottery, the cooking wares and the transport and storage vessels. Up until then (and in some cases even now) research gave special emphasis on the study of fine glazed pottery.


The application of a rigorous CFD method and an all-encompassing algorithmic performance optimization method can make possible the CFD simulation of the extremely large-scale problems, which allows simulation of either larger systems, or more detailed simulation of systems that are already simulated. The CFD code has to show both efficient one-node performance and excellent parallel scaling. The record breaking performance on one node has been achieved before with application of the LRnLA algorithm and making use of many core parallelism as well as the vectorization. In the current work, the algorithm is extended for many-node parallelism. The algorithms is characterized by high parallelization degree, small number of node communication events, and may be concisely described and programmed on the base of the previously implemented one-node solution, which is a rare feature among the algorithms with temporal blocking in all four of the spatial and time dimensions.


A field experiment conducted at Hazrapur, Firozabad during to Consicutive Kharif season, 2007 and 2008. Five varieties of onion were studied for their suitability in Kharif season for two years. Plant height and number of leaves/plant were significantly higher Arka Niketan. Maximum bulb diameter (5–60 cm) was noted in Arka Niketan variety. Which was at par with Agrifound dark red (5–37 cm) Maximum bulb yield (182-98 q/ha) was produced by Agrifound dark red, followed by Arka Niketan (168-45 q/ha), while minimum bulb yield (92.75 q/ha) was recorded in Agrifound light red. Toltal soluble solids was high (12-0 B) in Arka Niketan. Minimum total soluble solids (9.6 B) was recorded in N-53 varity.


The neurochemical Marchkers for the major neurotransmitter systems were measured in the brain of a patient who died with a dementia‐parkinsonism‐motor neuron disease (DPMN) syndrome complex. Moderate neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, spongiform changes in the frontal cortex, and moderate anterior horn cell loss throughout the spinal cord were observed. A severe nigrostriatal dopamine deficiency provides the basis for the observed parkinsonian features. The dementia is unexplained.


Services and applications based on the Memento Aggregator can suffer from slow response times due to the federated search across web archives performed by the Memento infrastructure. In an effort to decrease the response times, we established a cache system and experimented with machine learning models to predict archival holdings. We reported on the experimental results in previous work and can now, after these optimizations have been in production for two years, evaluate their efficiency, based on long-term log data. During our investigation we find that the cache is very effective with a 70-80% cache hit rate for human-driven services. The machine learning prediction operates at an acceptable average recall level of 0.727 but our results also show that a more frequent retraining of the models is needed to further improve prediction accuracy.


Chapter I. Chapter II. Chapter Ill. Chapter IV. Chapter V. Exhibit A Exhibit B Exhibit C Exhibit D Exhibit E Exhibit F References Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results Conclusions Survey Sample Cover Letter Survey Questions Survey Return Rate Relatives at Institutions A.D. Views in Hiring Relatives


A fast and sensitive method that is based on Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) for the measurement of Sulfavant A, a molecular adjuvant with a sulfolipid skeleton, is described. The method has been validated over the linearity range of 2.5–2000 ngmL−1 using a deuterated derivative (d70-Sulfavant A) as internal standard. Chromatographic separation is based on a UHPLC Kinetex® 2.6 µm PS C18 column and a gradient of methanol in 0.32 mM ammonium hydroxide solution buffered at pH 8. The lowest limit of quantification of Sulfavant A was 6.5 ngmL−1. The analytical procedure was tested on an extract of mice lung spiked with 30, 300, and 1500 ng of Sulfavant A. The analysis revealed a precision and accuracy value (as a mean value of all the quality control samples analyzed) of 4.7% and 96% in MeOH and 6.4% and 93.4% in the lung extracts, respectively.


The State Department of Fisheries (SDF) in Kenya had been conducting routine fisheries data collection based on total enumeration. In order to improve the data collection a Catch Assessment Survey (CAS) was undertaken aimed at facilitating and assisting in the generation of important fisheries indicators useful for developing, evaluating policies and fishery management plans for the small scale fisheries. 22 primary and secondary landing sites were selected and among the target species whose length frequency data was to be collected was Euthynus affinis. The paper looks at the seasonality and length frequency of the species during the one year and compares with the other years data from sports fishing clubs which was also collected at species level. During the sampling period, a total of 1,622 fish were measured. The November to March happened to be the peak season for the species while the average length was 35.8 cm with a length range of between 9 and 96 cm.


Kafka's fiction often confronts its critics with a collapsed or collapsing center of authority, a dead or powerless father, who condemns those in his orbit to a circuitous ruin. No one or nothing is in control; no one has the power to authorize. And yet all the subjects still seem to be controlled and continue to work. This paradox of inertia and ceaseless activity, of masterlessness combined with continued servitude, is the central feature of one of Kafka's most interesting parables, "Eine kaiserliche Botschaft." Michel Foucault's description of certain texts as heterotopias is particularly relevant for Kafka's parable, because it names the possibility of a text or system composed of disconnected infrastructures, a text made up of asymmetric parts which can only work or operate provided there is a condition of disorganization or entropy, a mechanics of resistance, frustration, dysfunction.1 Kafka's texts, like the heterotopias Foucault describes, display this kind of perverse operating procedure whose economy is initiated by the collapse of the center, often represented as the death of the father, and having clear Oedipal aspects. It is in the Oedipus complex that we might locate the mechanism of resistance (the "machine desirante," to appropriate Deleuze and Guattari's anti-Oedipal term) that at once accounts for the absent father and makes possible the work of his subordinates in the shadow of his absence.' The Oedipal situation is responsible for at once an imposition of its regulatory apparatus over the father, its "symbolic" content in the Lacanian sense, which results in the slaying of the father, and a suffering of guilt and loss of control that such an absence of the father inaugurates. What we must realize is that such a complex or mechanism of desire does not serve so much to inhibit or limit Kafka's writing to a simple principle, a constellation or dynamic which in itself becomes a substitute for the center effaced within the text, but that such a complex is an entropaic principle of disper-


We prove that the resonances of long-range perturbations of the (semiclassical) Laplacian are the zeroes of natural perturbation determinants. We more precisely obtain factorizations of these determinants of the form ∏ w=resonances (z − w)exp(φ p (z, h)) and give semiclassical bounds on ∂ z φ p as well as a representation of Koplienko's regularized spectral shift function. Here the index p ⩾ 1 depends on the decay rate at infinity of the perturbation.


Life Cycle Cost (LCC) estimation of flexible pavement consists of three phases; i.e. data inputs, conversion, and outputs. Based on the literature study, most of the LCC practitioners only emphasised to conversion rather than the quality of data inputs of flexible pavement. However, a reliable and comprehensive LCC estimation of flexible pavement only can be attained if more focuses are given on the quality of data inputs. The objective of the paper is to present a methodology proposed for the study to investigate the readiness of cost data as inputs for the estimation of the total cost of a new flexible pavement construction throughout an anticipated study life. This paper reports part of a two year of master research undertaken by the first author to investigate the readiness of cost data as inputs for the estimation of the total cost of a new flexible pavement construction in Malaysia. The methodology designed for the study is a qualitative research that comprises of literature review and two fieldwork approaches; i.e. face to face interview and focus group discussion. Comments and recommendations are needed in effort for further improvement of the methodology proposed for the study.


In this paper, interference between an eliptical inclusion and a crack is considered. The problem is analyzed by the body force method, using a solution for point force doublets outside an elliptical inclusion in an infinite plate as a fundamental solution. Numerical results for the crack tip stress intensity factors are presented for a case of two interface cracks and for a case of a kinked crack, a portion of which lies on the interface. Based on the numerical results, the effects of the geometry and elastic properties of the inclusion on the stress intensity factors are investigated.


This essay explores the ecclesiological methodological divide between the study of the church from a Platonic (idealist) philosophy and from an Aristotelian (realist) philosophy. In response, it examines the dynamic relationship of ecclesiality (ideal ecclesiology) and locality/contextuality (empirical ecclesiology) of the church that are closely interrelated. This essay attempts to articulate an empirical-ideal perspective of a robust corrective to 'blue-print ecclesiology' (Healy); while at the same time contributes an idealistic perspective to the study of the visible ecclesial gathering. To illustrate this ecclesiological framework, it attempts a re-reading of the marks of the church through the lens of the 'preferential option of the poor'.


The generic adapter for autonomic computing provides a framework for a unified approach to transform software messages and events into a standard situational event format in the autonomic computing architecture. The adapter as an application supports self-configuration and self-optimization.


Scientific writing is about the analysis of production costs which could mean all the costs associated with raw material processing activities into finished products consisting of raw material costs, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs, the analysis is a description or critique of a problem studied in detail so close to the truth, the goal for the decision making process can provide the management of relevant fees will be the future, at Harum Sari Bread Company is located in Tanah Baru, Depok purpose of this writing is to know what methods the company uses and what the production costs that a deviation occurs and how large a deviation occurs by way of analyzing the cost of production with the actual standard in January 2006 from the results of scientific research, that can be known production cost analysis between the methods used by companies with 2 methods occurred selisis profit margin.


In this contribution, the Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) design concept is focused, discussing about different approaches to optimize its performance. For this purpose, the design, realization and measurement results of three prototypes working at 2.14GHz are presented. The first example is a Tuned Load DPA (TL-DPA) which shown an average drain efficiency of 40.7% with 3W of saturated output power in the obtained 6dB of OBO. The second DPA was designed implementing a Class F harmonic termination for the Main device allowing an improvement of roughly 15% in output power and efficiency levels with respect to the TL-DPA. The last DPA was realized using different bias voltages for the Main and Auxiliary amplifiers with the aim to increase the overall DPA gain.


We present a novel control concept that solves a wide range of surface tracking tasks for manipulators with defined contact to (moving) rigid objects. The position based neural force control (NFC-P) consists of a hybrid force/position controller that accurately generates contact forces to objects with arbitrary flexibility and uncertain distance or shape. NFC-P performs force control by modifying the desired joint angle changes in force direction. These are fed into a computed torque controller, where the inverse dynamics of the manipulator is represented by neural networks. NFC-P includes a neural trajectory generating tool for smooth and kinematical valid contact trajectories with the possibility to adapt the trajectories to the unknown shape of the surface online. The kinematical mappings guarantee singularity robustness (SR) in the entire workspace. Results from real-time experiments are presented using a 6-DOF industrial manipulator as testbed.


The study concerns the biodiversity of spiders from the family Salticidae or
commonly known as the jumping spiders in two areas, which are fragmented and
unfragmented lowland forests. The objectives of this study include, determining whether
salticids can be used as diversity indicators. This study is also to start a collection of
specimens for the Borneensis collection and to provide some species identification
material (type specimens) since there has been no previous research on spiders. There
were a total of 29 different species collected in Danum and 18 different species in Sukau.
There were a number of new records. There was no standard method followed when this
study was conducted because there has yet to be any stated or made for sampling spiders.
Among the methods used to collect spiders included manual collecting, aspirators and
also the use of an umbrella. Samples were preserved in 70% alcohol. Identifying was
done using a binocular microscope. The t-Test and Shannon-Weiner diversity index was
used to determine the diversity statistically, besides computing the diversity ordering and
species accumulation graphs.


This paper considers the reasons behind the ever-increasing subscription rates of the medical defence societies. The present fault-based system of compensation is discussed and alternative compensation schemes are considered. It is concluded that the present fault-based system is likely to be maintained and the need is identified for continuing education in this field.


March 2018 • Volume 126 • Number 3 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org 741 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002790 Paraplegia is the most devastating complication of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, no matter the method of repair. Approximately half of the paraplegia is noted immediately after the procedure and the remainder develops in the early postoperative period. Despite advances in spinal cord protection strategies, contemporary rates of spinal cord injury are 4.6%–5.4% in high-volume centers.1–3 Motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring has been employed to identify intraoperative changes in spinal cord function induced by ischemia, which allows the surgeon and anesthesia team to take measures to improve spinal cord perfusion in an attempt to reduce immediate and delayed paraplegia and paraparesis.2,4,5 Although MEP monitoring is frequently used, prospective data to support its use are lacking. Yoshitani et al6 compiled data from 1214 patients from 12 Japanese centers contributing to a multicenter database of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Half had open repair (8.3% postoperative motor deficit) and half had endovascular aortic repair (4.1% postoperative motor deficit), with about half in each group having MEPs measured intraoperatively. If MEP signals remained >25% of baseline during the procedure, the incidence of postoperative spinal cord deficits was uncommon at 3.84%. If MEP signals fell to <25% of baseline signals and they recovered, then the incidence of spinal cord deficits postoperatively was 8.4%. Variable interventions were performed in response to drops in MEP including intercostal artery reimplantation, blood pressure augmentation, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, use of naloxone, and simple observation. Recovery of signals was significantly associated with improved outcomes. Interestingly, the rates of postoperative motor deficits were similar in those where intraoperative intervention took place (8%) compared to those only observed (8.4%), suggesting that interventions in response to the decreased signals were not associated with signal recovery. Importantly in patients whose MEP amplitude fell to <25% and did not recover, the postoperative spinal cord deficit rate was 42%. The authors did not find an association between neuromonitoring and motor deficits at discharge. This study is the largest to date evaluating the utility of neuromonitoring, and the authors are commended for this tremendous undertaking. Nevertheless, like the many single-center studies before it, it does not lead us to a clear black-and-white conclusion. The study provides further evidence that neuromonitoring works; whether MEP signals decrease and whether they recover does reflect outcomes. The reported sensitivity here (37.8%), however, is quite a bit lower than reported in the literature, which a recent systematic review found to be 72%.7 The specificity is about the same as previously reported at >95%.7 The question is, beyond reflecting the outcomes, can neuromonitoring actually improve outcomes? What separates MEP monitoring from other spinal cord protection strategies is that it is not an intervention but rather a monitoring tool. We are left with the conundrum of what to do with the data it provides. The present study suggests that interventions based on neuromonitoring data do not make any difference. This finding is in contrast to practices and beliefs of many groups, who have attributed, at least partially, to the improved neurological outcomes in TAAA surgery in the modern era as well as neuromonitoring and changes in intraoperative technique. The exact contribution of neuromonitoring is obfuscated by the concomitant introduction of other techniques such as distal aortic perfusion, but clearly outcomes have improved over time.3,4 Jacobs et al5 described an algorithmic approach to correcting MEP changes intraoperatively, and with this approach they achieved a 2.4% rate of neurologic deficit. Safi and colleagues8 similarly used neuromonitoring to guide intraoperative decision making and reported excellent results of 1% immediate and 3% delayed neurological deficit. Similar neuromonitoringguided strategies have been adopted by endovascular surgeons also with good results.9,10 The controversy over neuromonitoring in aortic surgery is reminiscent of the controversy over pulmonary artery (PA) catheters in critical care medicine. It has been equally difficult to show that PA catheters improve outcomes.11 Proponents of PA catheters, however, believe that Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery: Useful or Not?


This paper discusses the application of a predictor/corrector design method originally developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. The ability to couple the predictor/corrector method to existing CFD analysis tools (or flow solvers) gives promise of a design technology that can be applied to a variety of practical aerodynamic engineering problems. This paper will describe some of the initial experiences of adapting the NASA predictor/corrector design method, which include its application to the design of the fan cowl of a turbofan engine and to the design of a partial chord winglet.


This effect of pressure gradient on flood port resistance is studied,orthogonal and uniform design methods are used to draw up the calculation schemes,two empirical equations for flood port resistance coefficient are presented by way of stepwise regression.In order to validate the utilities of the two equations,the flood port allowances of a active submarine are calculated.A new prediction method for the submarine flood port allowances is developed.


Introduction: During transition from pediatric to adult care, young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience increased acute healthcare utilization and mortality. Functional transitional programs maintain care quality; however, there is a dearth of program outcomes concerning adult care retention. The St. Jude Transition to Adult Care Program is embedded within a co-located medical home for SCD spanning the ages of 12-25 years. The co-location model bridges pediatric and adult care at three levels: (1) hematology provider (2) neuropsychologist and (3) transition nurse coordinator. Previous work demonstrated that young adults who receive care within a co-located transition model of care do not have the typical increase in acute care utilization during transition (Nolan, AJH 2017). Here, we tested the hypothesis that individuals who participated in the co-location model until age 25 years have greater retention in adult care 12- or 24- months after engaging in adult care, compared to those who only received pediatric co-location transition services (until age 18). Further, we explored adult environmental factors as predictors of retention in adult care at 12- and 24- months.
 Methods: With IRB approval, we analyzed the outcomes of participants of the longitudinal cohort study Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program (SCCRIP, PBC 2018), who completed transfer from pediatric to adult care from January 2007 to December 2017. Participants were excluded if they did not have enough time in adult care for the 12- and 24-month retention analysis. Adult care retention was defined as continuation with the same provider for ≥12 or ≥24 months post-pediatric care and was compared among adults who transferred to adult care within the co-location model vs. those who did not. Chi-square tests were used to test associations between demographics and co-location model exposure. Logistic regression estimated the association between care abandonment (defined as voluntarily discontinuing pediatric care or dying before 12- or 24- months from initiating adult care) and co-location status at 12- and 24- months. Each model was tested for effect modification and confounding by the following variables: sex, genotype, year of last pediatric visit, and age at transfer. Fisher's Exact Test investigated predictors of adult care retention within the adult co-location model including employment status, education level, crowding, marital status, household income, and health insurance status during the first year of adult care. P-values <0.05 were significant.
 Results: Of the 364 patients who transferred to adult care, 211 (58.0%) participated in the transition co-location model. Fifty-three (14.5%) individuals were excluded from the 12-month analysis due to having <12 months of adult care opportunity (Figure 1A). Of the 311 participants included (51.5 % male; 63% HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia), the median age at last pediatric visit was 18 years (range 13 to 20). There was a significant difference in exposure to each transition model based on year of adult care transfer (Table 1). Those in the co-location model had a 47% significantly decreased odds of abandoning care within 12 months of transfer to adult care when compared to those in the non-co-location model when controlled for year of last pediatric visit (Figure 2; p=0.045). There were 91 (25%) individuals excluded from the 24-month analysis due to having <24 months of adult care opportunity (Figure 1B). Of the 273 participants included (52.01% male; 62.64% HbSS/HbSβ0-thalassemia), those within the co-location model until age 25 years had 52% significantly decreased odds of abandoning care within 24 months of transfer to adult care when compared to those in the co-location model in childhood only. (Figure 2; p=0.046). Exclusion of individuals who died yielded similar findings relative to the duration of co-location exposure and adult care retention. Within the adult co-location model, environmental factors were collected on 31 adults (median age 22 years, range 20-26). Participants who transfer earlier (17 vs. 18 years) was predictive of less attrition at 24 months (p= 0.014). No other environmental factors were significant.
 Conclusion: Continuity of providers from pediatric to adult care may increase long-term retention in adult care. Longitudinal monitoring of adult outcomes is critical to identifying the efficacy of transition services.

 Ataga: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Emmaus Life Sciences: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bioverativ: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Research Funding; Modus Therapeutics: Honoraria. Hankins:ASPHO: Honoraria; NHLBI: Honoraria; National Committee for Quality Assurance: Consultancy; Global Blood Therapeutics: Research Funding; NHLBI: Research Funding; LYNKS Foundation: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy.


Carbon steels are widely used in the production of automobiles, bridges, plates, and so on because of their superior mechanical properties and low cost. Carbon steels contain various types of microstructures such as ferrite, pearlite, and martensite, and desired mechanical properties can be obtained by combining these microstructures. While carbon steels exhibit excellent mechanical properties, their pitting corrosion resistance is relatively low in chloride-containing environments. Although the steels are successfully protected from corrosion by coating and/or painting, localized corrosion is readily initiated at cut edges and in coating defect areas in atmospheric environments. To prolong their service life and improve their reliability, it is necessary to elucidate the initiation mechanism of pitting corrosion on carbon steels. While it is widely known that the microstructures of carbon steels affect their corrosion resistance, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. The objective of this research is to clarify the relationship between the microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of carbon steels in chloride-containing near-neutral pH environments.
 The pitting corrosion resistance of the typical microstructures of carbon steels was investigated using a micro-electrochemical polarization technique. Various microstructures (ferrite, pearlite, tempered martensite, decarburized martensite, as-quenched martensite etc.) were obtained by conducting different heat-treatments, and micro-scale electrodes (ca. 100 μm × 100 μm) were prepared with only one microstructure included. Small areas without any non-metallic inclusions were chosen as the micro-scale electrodes to eliminate the effect of pit initiation at the inclusion and evaluate the intrinsic corrosion behavior of the microstructure itself. Then, potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements were carried out in NaCl-containing boric-borate buffers at pH 8.0. It was determined that the pitting corrosion resistance depends on the type of microstructure, with the as-quenched martensite showing the highest pitting corrosion resistance. The as-quenched martensite includes a high amount of interstitial C in the Fe lattice, and it was also clarified that the anodic dissolution of steels was clearly suppressed with increasing interstitial C content. During pitting corrosion, the local breakdown of the passive film is induced by chloride ions, which results in the initiation of active dissolution. It was considered that the low dissolution rate provided by interstitial C results in the superior pitting corrosion resistance of as-quenched martensite.
 To clarify the reason for the superior active dissolution resistance obtained by interstitial C, first-principles calculations were conducted. At first, the electronic structure of martensite was analyzed using bulk-model supercells with bct Fe crystal structures which included interstitial C. According to first-principles calculations, the electronic density of states (DOS) at and around the Fermi level decreased due to the presence of interstitial C. In addition, a valence electron transfer occurred from Fe to C atoms, resulting in a decrease in the number of valence electrons of Fe. Because the presence of valence electrons at and around the Fermi level affects the kinetics of electron (charge) transfer in oxidation/reduction reactions, including the active dissolution reaction, it was considered possible that the presence of interstitial C suppressed the electronic reactivity of Fe. Furthermore, first-principles calculations were also carried out for slab-model supercells consisting of a metal/vacuum interface, and the effect of interstitial C on the work function of martensite was analyzed. The result of the calculations indicated the work function of martensite linearly increased with increasing interstitial C content. Since the work function and ionization energy of metals are the same, the electrochemical properties of metals, such as dissolution resistance, are considered to be principally associated with their work function. In other words, it is understood that metals with a high work function are associated with a higher dissolution resistance. According to the above calculation results, the change in the electronic structure of Fe and the increase in the work function provided by interstitial C are key factors contributing to the superior dissolution resistance of martensite.


The Albany State grapple rs ran into two tough opponents this week. On Wednesday they battled to a 18-18 draw with Maritime , and then they bowed to Montclair by a 24-8 count. Outstanding wrestlers foi the Great Danes were Warren Crow and Randy Palmer at 130 and 14S respectively. Crow remained undefeated as he pinned his Martlme _ # opponent In 7:38, and then came back KOOett MM. MXlCB to wrestle beautifully In declslonlng Chuck Bateman, the Montclair co-SpOTtS Illfo Head captain. Pacing the toughest week of their schedule, the Albany State "TEAM" came through in fine style, winning all three contests and extending their winning streak to six games. After defeating Utica College, 102-85, last Tuesday, the Great Danes also handed setbacks to Oswego State, 77-60, and rugged Ithaca College, 91-8# on Thursday and Saturday nights at the Hudson Valley Community College Court. Both games were monuments tn the teamwork nf state ' came t0 tne H "dson Valley uments to tne leamworKoi courtwlt ha mediocre 7-8 record but Albany State and concur-were favored to edge the much rently to the fine coaching smaller Danes.-and regimentation of his playersJ,y Coach Richard ^j$^£g£ft£& score and after a seesaw battle, held the lead, 41-39, at halftime. Palmer also won twice to up his record in dual meets to 5-1. He also won by a pin the Maritime encounter as he registered his fall at 3:31. At Montclair the rugged 145 pounder gained a tough 2-0 win over. John Sutton. The Maritime match was extremely close. BUI Clark led of for Albany with a 9-6 decision, thanks to take takedowns and two reversals. Crow followed with his pin. Then Mike Poplaski wrestled Dan Gervat to a 2-2 draw, and Palmer's pin made it 15-2 for Albany. Maritime Comes Back Maritime came storming back, however, as they gained decisions at 152 and 167, and a forfeit at 160 to close the gap to 15-13. The Dane's Roger Gorham broke Marl-time's win streak with a decisive 5-0 win, in which he registered a pin two seconds after the final buzzer. Albany led 18-13 going into the heavyweight match, but Marltime's Tony Garay pinned Chet Krom in 1:27 to gain the tie for his squad. At Montclair the Danes ran into extremely tought competition, as their only point winner besides Pal-mer and Crow was Craig Springer who wrestled Doug Nogackl to a 2-2 draw. …


This article estimates the action of rotation on a generalized thermoelasticity model which contains one thermal relaxation time for an infinitely long, annular, isotropic cylinder with temperature‐dependent physical properties. This is numerically solved using the finite difference technique under the effect of rotation, and the effect of decaying heat flux on the obtained components is graphically presented. Numerical results are presented to show the influence of the various parameters. A comparison between the current results and previous results obtained by others neglecting the new parameters is provided.


TOO often, children who have initial reading problems are lefties. This is true even though research clearly shows that from the standpoint of intelligence and ability to learn there is no signifi cant difference between those who prefer the right hand and those who insist on using the left. Why do lefties have read ing problems? Reading material in our culture (handwritten) was developed predominantly by right-handed people for predomi nantly right-handed people. Writ ing moves from left to right to accommodate those who prefer the right hand. The reason for potential problems for the left hander is that hands move natu rally from the middle of the body outward. The right hand moves naturally and easily rightward while the left hand moves natu rally and easily leftward. Both move naturally downward. The effect is illustrated here.


For the past 2 decades, a combined regimen of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) has been considered first-line therapy


In many ways Taiwan is a fortunate accident for those who are concerned with the problem of resource and economic development in Oriental societies. Here is a natural laboratory in which economic development of a special sort has taken place, adapted to the features, cultural, geographical, and economic, which characterize most of the non-Westernized societies of Asia. Fortunately also, the natural foundation upon which this development has taken place is varied enough, despite its limited size, to illustrate many of the developmental problems elsewhere associated with agriculture and industrialization, whether in Japan or in South Asia. Only North China is distinctly different in this regard, but even there exist similarities which make eventual comparisons worth while.


Recent observations of high energy cosmic-ray electrons by the Fermi-LAT and the HESS experiments between 20 GeV and5 TeV have found that the energy spectrum closely follow a broken power-law with a break at around 1 TeV. On the other hand, measurements of cosmicray secondary-to-primary ratios like the boron-to-carbon ratio seem to indicate a possible change in the slope at energies around 100 GeV/n. In this paper, we discuss one possible explanation for the observed break in the electron spectrum and its possible correlation with the flattening in the secondary-to-primary ratios at higher energies. In our model, we assume that cosmic-rays after acceleration by supernova remnant s hock waves, escape downstream of the shock and remain confined within the remnant until the s ock slows down. During this time, the high-energy electrons suffer from radiative en rgy losses and the cosmic-ray nuclei undergo nuclear fragmentations due to their interac ions with the matter. Once the cosmic-rays are released from the supernova remnants, they follow diffusive propagation in the Galaxy where they further suffer from radiative or fragm entation losses.


by Natalia CHIKINA, Cand. Sc. (Philol.), Research Scientist of the Institute of
 Language, Literature and History, RAS Karelian
 Scientific Center (Petrozavodsk) ... Spa visiting traditions came to
 stay in Russia in the 19th century. Russians took water cures with pleasure,
 though they preferred European to Russian landscapes. It was Emperor Peter the
 Great who established this tradition. ... EUROPEAN CUSTOMS ... Peter the Great discovered health benefits of mineral springs first in 1711, when he
 went to Karlsbad (the German name of Karlovy Vary, the oldest spa resort in
 Czechia) after the unsuccessful Prut campaign during the Russian-Turkish war of
 1710-1713. Medical treatment of the Russian tsar, his extraordinary personality
 and extravaganzas contributed largely to the reputation of this health resort.
 According to his personal Surgeon in Ordinary (from 1713 on) Robert Areskin, a
 Scotch gentleman by descent, "partaking of healing waters, the tsar felt
 full of energy again" and turned to other matters at hand. But in June of
 1717 his health failed again, and on the insistence of doctors he went to the
 Spa* valley in what is now Belgium—its chalybeate springs were used for mineral
 baths and drinking from the 14th century. On his return trip to Russia he spent
 three days at Aachen, a popular health resort in Northern Rhein-Westphalia in
 western Germany with its thermal springs of sodium chloride water. ... Thus, the tsar got a good idea of the health resort business in Europe and, while
 still staying abroad, he ordered to search for healing waters in Russia:
 "Esteemed Senate! Upon receipt hereof instruct doctor Schubert to search
 in our state (especially in areas of iron ore occurrence) for spring waters
 which can cure diseases", ran his ukase. Gottlieb Schubert, a native of
 Leipzig (Germany) and a spa doctor at Karlsbad in the past, set forth immediately
 to explore the Caucasian mineral springs. ... * Spa-the Latin acronym of (S)anitas
 (p)er (A)qua— "health through water".- Ed. ... Tsarevna Praskovya Feodorovna. Peter Borell. 18-th century engraving. ... Lavrenty Blumentrost, Surgeon in Ordinary to Peter the Great, the first researcher of
 martial water springs. ... WONDROUS HEALING FOUNT ... The tsar learnt about the healing properties of northern Russia's chalybeate waters
 in the winter of 1714. Ivan Reboyev, a hammerman of the Konchezer copper
 smeltery, which was part of the Olonets (Petrine) steelworks, suffered from a
 heart disease; he hit upon a non-freezing water spring in Raudasuo ("iron
 swamp" in Karelian), wherefrom iron ore was taken out. Taking spring water
 for three days, he got well. Ivan Reboyev told of his wonderful recovery to the
 smeltery manager Martyn Zimmerman, who shared these tidings with Willem Gennin, a foreigner of Prussian origin, a
 mining and metallurgy expert and the Olonets superintendent. Gennin, who knew
 about the tsar's decree to search for healing waters "on the model of
 Europe and France", reported that to the tsar through Fyodor Apraksin,
 Admiral General of the Russian Navy. "For special deserts" Peter the
 Great elevated the Reboyev family from the category of assigned (bonded) serfs
 to that of franchised peasants, who numbered only a few dozen in the Olonets
 territory. Yet the right of water spring discovery was reserved with Willem Gennin. ... In October of 1717 Lavrenty Blumentrost (in 1725-1733 President of the Petersburg
 Academy of Sciences), Doctor of Medicine and the future Surgeon in Ordinary to
 Peter the Great got off for field studies of healing waters.* He tested samples
 "through chemistry" by checking them by means of tanning root sap,
 which became black, if the mineral contained iron. Besides, tests were carried
 out on people, in particular, on soldiers of the Olonets battalion, by Antony
 Ravinel, a surgeon of the Petersburg military hospital. Blumentrost summed up
 the test results in his paper Real Knowledge of Konchezer Martial Waters (some
 historians consider it to be the first original medical study in Russian) and
 had it published in February of 1718. As it turned out, the water spring contained
 iron and other minerals, which produced a curative effect for rheumatism,
 scurvy, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases, and many other troubles.
 The water was called martial (from the Latin "martialis", or
 "made of iron") in honor of Mars, the god of war and iron.
 Blumentrost even made a medicine from it. known as Essentia martialis and
 prescribed it often to patients. ... FROM THE CROWN HEADS TO THE COMMON FOLK ... Robert Areskin, a close associate of the tsar and a court physician, was one of the first
 clients of the water spring. Being an active promoter of martial water cures,
 he failed nevertheless to throw off his illness and died at ... * See: Zh. Alferov, E. Tropp,
 "St. Petersburg—Russia's Window on Science". Science in Russia. No.
 3, 2003.—Ed. ... Georg Willem Gennin. 18th century. State Hermitage Collection.


A gas field ionization ion source device is provided which has compact dimensions and a high performance and a tilt adjustment can be performed in a state in which the position of the emitter tip is maintained approximately constant. An emitter (1) is surrounded by a chamber wall (4) an emitter chamber surrounded, and ions are emitted from the tip of the emitter (1). A gas, which is an ionic material is introduced by an extraction electrode to which a high voltage is applied (3), and a pipe (15) in the emitter chamber. The emitter (1) is cooled with a cooling device (10) through a metal mesh (11) and an emitter pedestal (12). The emitter base (12) is attached to a movable part (13a) of a tilting means (13). The movable part (13a) is connected via a sliding surface (14) with a non-movable part (13b). The sliding surface (14) forms a part of a cylindrical surface whose central axis is an axis passing through the tip of the emitter (1) and is perpendicular to the optical axis. If the surface having such a shape and extent of sliding of the sliding surface (14) is controlled, control of the inclination of the emitter (1) can be carried out without moving the tip of the emitter (1).


ABSTRACT This paper claims that policies designed to promote diversity and provide Ethiopian Jews with opportunities in Israeli institutions of higher learning create a paradox where, rather than diversifying student bodies and faculties in universities, they bolster the reproduction of national and religious supremacy of white Jews in the Israeli academia. Interviews with 50 Ethiopian students reveal that the racialized cultural indexes on which Israeli society structures its racialized attitudes towards Ethiopian immigrants have not been purged from university campuses. Instead, I argue, they continue to suffuse and shape those very programs designed to combat them by reinventing Jewish privilege and national exclusivity in Israeli universities.