The NIST competition for developing the new cryptographic hash algorithm SHA-3 is currently in the third round. One of the five reminding candidates, namely Grøstl, is inspired by the Advanced Encryption Standard. This unique feature can be exploited in a large variety of practical solutions. In order to have a better picture of the Grøstl-AES computational efficiency (high-level scheduling, internal pipelining, resource sharing etc.), we designed a high-speed coprocessor for Grøstl-based HMAC and the AES in counter mode. It offers high-speed computations of both authentication and encryption with relatively small penalty in terms of area cost and speed reduction when compared to the authentication (original Grøstl circuitry) functionality only. From our perspective, the main advantage of Grøstl over other finalists is the fact the small overhead in its hardware architecture naturally accommodates the AES.


Optical fiber Raman amplifier (OFRA) with wide and flat gain bandwidth has been widely applied in the fields of optical communication, sensing and measurement. However, the performance optimization is always one of the hot topics in the study of OFRA, because its output characteristics are hardly dependent to some key designing parameters. In this paper, to overcome the problems above, we adopt a spectrum analysis based method to study the output performance of an OFRA system with backward pumping. By simulating the operation of the OFRA system, its output characteristics are first showed easily, with the advantages of real time, low cost, and low complexity. Further, according to the numerical results obtained, the optimal parameters of an OFRA system are determinate, and the performance in terms of output power, signal noise ratio, and the level of gain flatness is improved and optimized obviously.


Location-Based Services based on thematic information have become commonplace. Thematic indoor navigation services are also increasingly pervasive with the development of indoor positioning technologies. Extending these technologies, we designed and implemented iConCube, a mobile cloud computing system for meeting organizers and participants integrating LocationBased Services and indoor navigation. For meeting organizers, our system provides a templates library to efficiently customize meeting portal websites for different topics and meeting types, such as academic conference or art exhibitions. For meeting participants, the Android application in our system not only provides indoor navigation in a meeting space, but also enhances communication among participants through online-to-offline social network services. The system also extracts information from the Internet related to users' location and pushes it to users in sequence based on its similarity to a location's social attributes. Our system has been used for many academic conferences such as China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC), demonstrating its utility. Keywords—meeting LBS; indoor navigation; social service; location-based information; cloud computing


Manual of practical experiments on protocols used in the Internet or TCP/IP Suite. This manual is a collection of experiments that have been used in undergraduate and graduate courses taught at New Jersey Institute of Technology for a few years (ECE429 and ECE637). The manual is updated periodically to accommodate emerging needs and technologies, including virtualization of the experiments for their use during lockdowns as the one we experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and part of 2021. The manual may be used by all those interested in knowing and experiencing some of the basic protocols that run on the Internet. The goal is to get some understanding on protocol design and not necessarily on a particular software or operative system. Yet, the exercises will give the interested person a practical perspective. Experiments are targeted towards using Linux but most of them can also be performed on Windows operating systems.


Background: Mohr‐Tranebjærg syndrome (MTS) is an X‐linked, recessive, syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (HL) characterized by onset of deafness in childhood followed later in adult life by progressive neural degeneration affecting the brain and optic nerves. MTS is caused by mutations in the DDP/TIMM8A gene, which encodes for a 97 amino acid polypeptide; this polypeptide is a translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane.


Sprint interval training (SIT) has demonstrated reductions in fat mass through potential alterations in post-exercise metabolism. This study examined whether exercising in the fasted or fed state affects post-exercise metabolism following acute SIT. Ten active males performed a bout of modified SIT (8 x 15 s sprints; 120 s recovery) in both a fasted (FAST) and fed (FED) state. Gas exchange was collected through 3 h post-exercise, appetite perceptions were measured using a visual analog scale, and energy intake was recorded using dietary food logs. There was no difference in energy expenditure between conditions at any time point (p>0.329) or in total session energy expenditure (FED: 514.8±54.9 kcal, FAST: 504.0±74.3 kcal; p=0.982). Fat oxidation 3 h post-exercise was higher in FED (0.110±0.04 g·min-1) versus FAST (0.069±0.02 g·min-1; p=0.013) though not different between conditions across time (p>0.340), or in total post-exercise fat oxidation (FED: 0.125±0.04 g·min-1>, FAST: 0.105±0.02 g·min-1; p=0.154). Appetite perceptions were lower in FED (-4815.0±4098.7 mm) versus FAST (-707.5±2010.4 mm, p=0.022), however energy intake did not differ between conditions (p=0.429). These results demonstrate the fasted or fed state does not augment post-exercise metabolism following acute SIT in a way that would favour fat loss following training. • Energy expenditure was similar between conditions, while fat oxidation was significantly greater in FED at 3 h post-exercise • Appetite perceptions were significantly lower in FED, however energy intake was not different between conditions • Current findings suggest that performing SIT in the fed or fasted state would not affect fat loss following training.


218 Table 2 Abstract 219 Figure 1219 Figure 1 Abstract 219 Figure 2 Abstracts219 Figure 2 Abstracts Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021;70(Suppl 1):A1–A127 A115 coright. on D ecem er 4, 2021 by gest. P rocted by htt//rapm bm jcom / R eg A nsth P in M d: frst pulished as 10.136/rapm -221-E S R A .20 on 9 S etem er 221. D ow nladed fom Background and Aims Advantages of PCEA over CEA have been demonstrated in obstetric patients. Whether similar benefit applies to surgical patients is unclear. Aim: To assess possible advantages of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) over continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) in surgical patients Methods Embase, PubMed and Cochrane library were searched, enabling systematic review of studies comparing PCEA and CEA in adult surgical patients (PROSPERO: CRD42018106644). Study quality was assessed using Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB2). Primary outcome: pain score on postoperative day one (POD1). Secondary outcomes: 24 or 48 hour epidural or intravenous total analgesic dose, manual top-ups and patient satisfaction Results Eleven trials (ten RCTs, one cohort-analysis, 1687 patients) with high heterogeneity of study characteristics were identified with a high to intermediate risk of bias. Three studies showed reduced pain scores on POD1 in PCEA compared to CEA patients (36–42%, P<0.05). Seven studies found comparable pain scores between groups, one study a higher pain score in PCEA patients. PCEA-use reduced epidural medication (28% to 76% reduction, P <0.01) in seven studies. Two studies found lower top-up frequency and higher analgesic satisfaction in PCEA; PCEA patients used less intravenous morphine (0.16 vs 3.45 mg per patient, P<0.05) in one study. Conclusions Regarding pain scores, rescue systemic analgesics and patient satisfaction, PCEA in surgical patients had limited advantages over CEA. PCEA reduced the amount of epidural medication and top-up frequency. On the basis of current available evidence, we cannot conclude that PCEA offers major benefits over CEA in surgical patients. 221 IMPACT OF THE ERECTOR SPINAE PLANE BLOCK ON THE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN OF LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS SURGERY. A SINGLE BLIND RCTA 70% PATIENT'S INTERIM ANALYSIS S Van Migem*, N Parisi, L Van Der Essen, V Marneffe, H-M Dehbi, G Samouri. Clinique Saint-Pierre Ottignies, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; UCL, London, UK 10.1136/rapm-2021-ESRA.221 Background and Aims The erector spinae plane (ESP) block was described in 2016 by Forero et al. It involves the injection of local anesthetic into the interfascial plane, deep to erector spinae muscle, allowing the blockade of the dorsal and ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves. It was initially proposed for analgesia of costal fractures, pulmonary lobectomy and thoracic vertebrae. The ESP block (ESPB) could probably be extended to a large number of surgical procedures. Methods After ethical commitee approval and informed consent, 80 patients were included in this prospective, single blind, monocentric RCT for lombar spinal stenosis surgery (LSSS) under general anesthesia: 40 patients with ESPB, 40 patients with local infiltration (LI) by the surgeon. The current interim reporting is based on 28 patients in ESPB and 28 in LI. Piritramide consumption was followed. The ESPB was realized on T12 and ultrasound-guided (chirocaine 0.25%+ epinephrine 1:200.000 4 mg/kg). The control group was injected at the same concentration by the surgeon. Complementary analgesia was realized with Patient Controlled Analgesia (Piritramide), paracetamol and ketorolac. Results After performing a T-test to compare the means of piritramide consumption at day 1, we did not find any significant difference between the 2 groups (ESPB 12.9 mg versus LI 14.7 mg, p=0.55). A Mann-Withney U-test was also performed and did not show any difference. Conclusions After collecting data from 70% of the population, we cannot conclude that there is a benefit of ESPB over LI by the surgeon. 222 THE USE OF REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA AND IDENTIFYING COMPARTMENT SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT C Hopkins*, C Broe, B Bellew. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK 10.1136/rapm-2021-ESRA.222 Background and Aims Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency, and must be identified promptly in order to limit potential complications. The use of regional anaesthesia remains controversial for patients who are at higher risk of developing compartment syndrome due to concerns that the cardinal symptoms may be masked, and diagnosis subsequently delayed. This is a case report of a clinical situation which opposes this theory. Methods A 31 year old male presented to a major trauma centre following a road traffic accident. Radiological imaging showed he had sustained multiple injuries, including a closed right tibia and fibula fracture and an extensive left calf laceration which required operative management. A lumbar epidural was inserted for intra-operative and postoperative analgesia, prior to the patient undergoing IM nail fixation of the right tibial fracture and exploration of the left leg laceration under general anaesthesia. Results The lumbar epidural provided good analgesia which was maintained with a continuous infusion of 0.125% levobupivacaine and 2mcg/ml fentanyl. Fourteen hours postoperatively, this patient developed severe right lower limb pain. Intra-compartmental pressures were measured at this stage, where it was noted that anterior compartment pressures were abnormal and the patient underwent urgent fasciotomy under general anaesthesia. Operative findings at this time were consistent with a diagnosis of compartment syndrome, with maintained viable muscle tissue present on examination. Conclusions This case demonstrates support for alternative theories that regional anaesthetic techniques using low concentrations may provide effective analgesia without the risk of masking the presentation of acute compartment syndrome. 223 POST OPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR HIP FRACTURE SURGERY, A NEW PROTOCOL EVALUATION H Ahmed*, G Deloughry, K Joyce, B O'Donnell, F Loughnane. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland 10.1136/rapm-2021-ESRA.223 Background and Aims Hip fracture surgeries represent a significant burden on the healthcare system. Delirium could affect up to 61% of patients with hip fracture, and is associated with delayed recovery, higher morbidity and poor cognitive function. Abstracts A116 Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021;70(Suppl 1):A1–A127 coright. on D ecem er 4, 2021 by gest. P rocted by htt//rapm bm jcom / R eg A nsth P in M d: frst pulished as 10.136/rapm -221-E S R A .20 on 9 S etem er 221. D ow nladed fom


The influence of two salts as additives namely sodium chloride and sodium sulphate and a nonelectrolyte, 2-butoxyethanol on surface chemical and aggregation characteristics of ionic liquids (IL) of 1-octyl3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C8mim][Cl], 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [C8mim][Br], and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, [C8mim][I] in aqueous media were monitored through surface tension and small angle neutron scattering measurements. The addition of salts drastically decreased the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and increased the area per adsorbed IL molecule. The co-ions eywords: onic Liquids urface tension urface active parameters ANS ggregates alt effects of salts modify the surface of IL molecules and aggregates through various interactions such as charge neutralization, specific interactions and dehydration The results obtained by analyzing the SANS curves in the whole Q range showed that the oblate ellipsoidal shape of the aggregates of ionic liquids is unaltered upon the addition of additives. However the additives facilitate the growth of the aggregates in to microstructures with cubic packing at high salt concentrations. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ggregate growth


The utility model relates to an automation and the control device of a variable-frequency drilling rig. The device comprises a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a control room computer, a remote computer, a touch operation screen, a drilling parameter display screen, various types of digital sensors, a field bus trunk line and field bus branch lines, wherein signal lines of the various types of digital sensors are in series connection with the field bus branch lines, the PLC, the touch operation screen, the drilling parameter display screen and control lines of various frequency converters are connected onto the field bus trunk line through a bus interface, the control room computer is connected with the PLC, and the remote computer is in point-to-point connection with the control room computer through the Internet. With the adoption of the device provided by the utility model, the digital control on a winch drum, a turntable and a slurry pump of an alternating-current variable-frequency electric-drive drilling rig and the whole process of auto-drilling can be achieved, and thus, the time efficiency of the drilling rig is increased to the maximum and the reliability for the operation of equipment is enhanced; and the monitoring and the printing of real-time data about the drilling rig, the remote monitoring, the fault diagnosis, and the storage and the printing of the data can also be achieved.


When the Network of Performance Based Schools was first developed in 1999, we strongly believed that teams of teachers and principals working together and using powerful forms of classroom assessment could have a positive impact on learner confidence. Many teachers and principals agreed that learning gains were more likely to result from active use of thoughtful formative assessments at the classroom and school levels than from additional use of external forms of assessment. Now, seven years later, we are more convinced than ever that we are moving in the right direction. Our personal experiences and professional beliefs are increasingly supported by compelling research evidence – evidence that suggests we can move much more quickly in making a big difference in the learning lives of every student we serve. This difference, however, will only be made if we work together – across roles, across geographical spaces and across time. First, let's step back and consider the personal roots of our interest in this work. Both of us come from a long line of teachers. Judy's grandmother taught in rural Scotland. Linda's parents both started their teaching careers in one-room schools in rural Alberta. Part of the strength of small rural schools grew out of the necessity of working with large multi-age groups. Rural teachers enlisted the help of older children to tutor and coach the younger ones. Creative teachers relied on the expertise within the group of learners to provide as rich a learning experience as possible. In our own teaching, spanning three decades, we have worked in a wide range of schools – urban, rural, suburban, large, small, affluent, and less so. We have seen the struggles and the loneliness of teachers working in isolation. We have also seen the energy generated by compelling ideas and supportive forms of teamwork. On occasion we have observed the negative impact of "teacher-proof" forms of curriculum and rigid adherence to scripted programs. Much more often we have seen the positive learning impact created for struggling learners by the enthusiasm and intellectual teamwork of teachers who are passionate about learning and teaching. The development of the Network of Performance-Based Schools evolved out of a shared personal and professional desire for teamwork across roles on behalf of learners. The collaborative spirit of our country's earliest and best rural schools can be found in this work. As we examined our own family teaching roots, our experiences in teaching and leading, our research work with the close to two hundred schools involved in the Network, and our study of international school improvement practices, we have identified five key ideas that we believe can help to inform Canadian school improvement work. These concepts are evident in schools that approach learning improvement work with a spirit of inquiry and develop strong formative assessment practices as a daily discipline, respectfully shared and networked forms of leadership, an internal sense of accountability, and a belief in and practice of sustainable improvement.


To simulate the working process of the underwater solid rocket engines,a coupling model between the process of gas generation and the process of gaseous jets injected into water was proposed.The burning rate of the solid propellant was considered in this coupling model and the User Defined Functions(UDF) were used to define the boundary condition of the nozzle inlet.The numerical method is validated by the experimental data.The results show that the negative thrust appears when the engines work in the water.The reason is as follows: at the initial stage of the propulsion process,the high compressed gas jets into water to form a supersonic "gas bag" behind the nozzle exit,causing the pressure in this area to drop suddenly.Furthermore,the inertia effect of the water causes the pressure in the "gas bag" to keep dropping,creating the negative thrust due to the pressure difference between the rear and front parts of the engine.


Thrombocyte concentrate (TC) transfusion is an important supportive therapy in patients with thrombocytopenia. The risks in platelet transfusions may be related to the content of TC including the contaminant leukocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of increased level of P-Selectin (CD62P) expression of non-leukodepleted TC transfusions.This was a quasi-experimental study. Subjects were children patients aged 1-18 years who received a non-leukodepleted or a leukodepleted TC transfusions. Comparison of the proportion of  increased expression of CD62P in both groups expressed as relative risk. The subjects consisted of 51 patients who received non-leukodepleted and 52 patients who received leukodepleted TC transfusions. The risk of increased expression of CD62P in patients receiving non-leukodepleted TC transfusions were 2.38 (95%CI:1.60-3.53) times higher than those who received leukodepleted TC. Non-leukodepleted have significant higher risks of increased CD62P expression than leukodepleted  TC transfusions.


Proposed solutions to a standard problem in micromagentics that were collected anonymously from a number of researchers using a variety of computational techniques are presented. This is the first time that a problem in micromagnetics has been attempted by a group. The sample problem is a 1 μm×2 μm rectangular element of Permalloy film, 20 nm thick. The material properties are specified by an exchange stiffness constant, A=1.3×10−11 J/m, a magnetization, M=8.0×105 A/m, and a uniaxial ansotropy constant, K=5.0×102 J/m3 with the easy axis directed parallel to the long edge of the sample. The requested calculations are hysteresis loops for fields directed one degree away from the long and short axes and magnetization configuration data for the remanent states. The results collected show a surprising lack of agreement. For fields applied nearly parallel to the long axis of the sample problem, calculated coercivities range from 2.4 to 33 mT, squareness values range from 0.23 to 1.00, and there is a variety of ...


A flexible macrocyclic ligand with two tridentate {CNC} compartments can host two Cu ions in reversibly interconvertible states, CuICuI (1) and mixed-valent Cu1.5Cu1.5 (2). They were characterized by XRD and multiple spectroscopic methods, including EPR, UV-Vis absorption and MCD, in combination with TD-DFT and CASSCF calculations. 2 features a short Cu⋯Cu distance (~2.5 Å; compared to ~4.0 Å in 1) and a very high delocalization energy of 13000 cm-1, comparable to the mixed-valent state of the biological CuA site. Electron self-exchange between 1 and 2 is rapid despite large structural reorganization, and is proposed to proceed via a sequential mechanism involving an active conformer of 1, viz. 1'; the latter has been characterized by XRD. Such electron transfer (ET) process is reminiscent of the conformationally gated ET proposed for biological systems. This redox couple is a unique pair of flexible dicopper complexes, achieving fast electron self-exchange closely related to the function of the CuA site.


For a coherent EX-module M, Kashiwara and Schapira introduced the complex RHomEX(M, OX) of holomorphic solutions to M. Very recently this complex was used by R. Ishimura (1998, J. Math. Pures Appl.77, 647–654) to formulate and establish the Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem for E-modules. In this paper, we will give a rigorous proof of some arguments of Ishimura.


Deepening reform of business firms and activating businesses are prerequisites of capitalizing on the opportunities offered by western development so as to quicken the adjustment of Sichuan industrial structure. In order to realize the adjustment of industrial structure, the adjustment and optimization of ownership structure should first be done. The strategic adjustment of the layout of Sichuan's state-owned sector leaves much to be desired. Smashing the administrative structure of separately vertical and longitudinal controls and refraining the low-level reproduction of similar products through reform are a precondition of realizing intensive growth of national economy. At the same time, scientific and technological innovation and system innovation should be dialectically integrated.


This paper introduces a Single car- rier Ultra-wideband (SC-UWB) transmission scheme with Mean square error (MSE) channel estimation. Speciflcally, the scheme employs Direct sequence Binary phase shift keying (DS-BPSK) to support high to moderate data rate applications which difierentiates from Multi-band Orthog- onal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) and Im- pulse radio (IR) UWB systems. Simulation results show that, with baseband time-frequency signal processing al- gorithms, the Bit error rate (BER) performance of the SC-UWB system over the IEEE 802.15.3a UWB Chan- nel model III (CM3) is about 10i5 at Eb=N0 of 10.5dB. Moreover, the SC-UWB system exhibits a low power con- sumption and low implementation complexity due to its low Peak-to-average ratio (PAR) and modulation charac- teristics. It is evident that the scheme will be a good can- didate for short range communications, especially for low power and low cost applications such as mobile terminals.


A POLICY may be 'defined as a set of rules which can be utilised to achieve certain desired objectives.1 A policy is concerned not only with what is, (i.e., positive principle) but able with what should be (i.e., normative principle). An. administrator should be able to analyse the consequences of a policy, and also formulate policies, when necessary. A public policy .may have eithtr micro or macro perspectives. Micro policy is designed for a specific or local area, but a macro policy has far wider application • .It may be employed in the whole polity or the whole economy. Ji is esse~tial to note that a macro political or macro economic policy objctives are bound to have many common· grounds. Needless to add, economic policy is an important part of public policy. Thus, 'a public policy will essentially incorporate many economic issues and desidenta. In the present note,. we would like to concentrate mainly on the macro public policy and decidedly refrain from ·consideration the micro aspect of public policy, which bas essentially had · some limited spatial impact. Public policy involves manipulation of different socio-econo-political variables, like taxation, price level, income, employment, public expenditure, money supply and so forth. There are many policy variables in which the policy-makers are ultimately interested, e.g. employment, price stability, economic growth, balance of payment equilibrium and so on. These are often called the goals or objectives. Then there are man:y instrument variables on which our policies can act directly, e.g., public expenditure, taxation, money supply and the like. The instrument variables remain under the control of the policy-makers and help to attain the objectives. Between these two sets of variables, there are some other variables (as depicted in the


In order to monitor the intensity of work during one hour of physical and medical education in 37students of the Faculty of Philosophy Department of Classroom Teaching in Tuzla, the measurement of the effects of work through the application of polygon barriers was performed as the most complex methodological-organizational form of work. The effects of working and mastering the polygon through the particular phase of the clock (introductory, main A and B) are expressed by the number of heart beats. The heart rate measurement was performed by palpation of the artery radial at the beginning and end of each phase of the clock. During the measurement period, rest was also involved that had the role of a transitional factor from the submaximal / maximal values of the heart rate to the values that would bring near the possibilities and state of the organism to the completion of the final phase of the clock. The results obtained by this research show that the heart rate values in all phases of the clock differ significantly between each other and that the highest intensity of work is achieved in the main B-hour phase, indicating the appreciation of the physiological and emotional load curves that prevail over the course of physical and health education . This suggests that the polygon barrier as the most complex method-organizational form of work contributes to the intensification of work during the class of physical and medical education.


Nautical terms used to designate realities and activities others than those conveyed by their technical use is one of the peculiarities which make American Spanish different from Peninsular Spanish. The study of these terms is by its own right of special dialectological and historical interest if we attend to the light it may shed to the understanding of the process by which these words of European origin adapted themselves semantically to the New World's realities. In this particular case, the nautical terms underwent semantic extensions to designate everyday realities others than those from their original nautical semantic fi eld. A great deal of the semantic changes undergone by these words is often associated to the maritime navigation. Nonetheless, the importance of the great rivers of the Continent as transit routes within its vast territories suggest that fl uvial navigation must also be considered as a relevant determinant in the process. In these circumstances, the proper study of this sector of the lexicon demands from current lexicography a founded documentary approach that would involve a careful consideration of both the social and geographic dimensions of the issue. Such an approach will show that the lexical and semantic phenomenon in question is not exclusive to the American Spanish of coastal cities but a characteristic common to the American Spanish of inland territories as well, regardless of the fact that some of the 'marinerismos' may have become of common or widespread use in the Continent and others peculiar only to a restricted area.


Blood biomarkers to detect Alzheimer's disease pathology are needed as screening tools and to predict the onset of cognitive decline. Although there is increasing data on their potential usefulness across AD continuum, comprehensive comparisons of their ability to predict cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired (CU) populations are still lacking.


Taking an antiaircraft missile simulation and training system as the background,construct the structure of the air attacking target model using the modular design,including the physical model,decision-making model and the three-dimensional model.Based on these models,the program is designed and the air attacking target simulation system based on the CGF is developed.Three-dimensional visualization of simulation process is realized in the system.


In this paper, a technology mapping algorithm is proposed for heterogeneous FPGAs. The technology mapping problem is first formulated as a flow network problem. Then, an algorithm based on the min-cost max-flow algorithm is presented to select a proper set of feasible LUTs for various objectives. The objective, the total area composed of LUTs and routing area, are discussed in the paper. This algorithm has been tested on the MCNC benchmark circuits. Compared with other existing LUT-based FPGA mapping algorithms, the algorithm produces better characteristics.


The present invention relates to a pixel to improve the display quality. The pixel of the present invention and the organic light emitting diode connected such that its cathode electrode is connected to the second power; The first transistor and is on-connected between the data line and the first node, turned on when the scan signal is supplied to the scan line; A first capacitor coupled between the first node and the third power source; And a second capacitor coupled between the first node and a fourth power supply; And in response to a voltage supplied from the first node comprising a pixel circuit for an organic light-emitting diode via the controlling the amount of current flowing to the second power from the first power source.


In this paper, we propose a novel kind of magneto-optical (MO) isolators based on series-coupled race-track resonators. The perturbation theory is used to calculate the non-reciprocal phase shift (NRPS) induced by the MO effect. The numerical result indicates that the isolation is greatly enhanced by the box-like spectra of series-coupled resonators. Optical isolation ratio for the first, second, and third order devices are 7.8, 21, and 36.2 dB, respectively.


Neuroblastoma is the most common solid cancer in childhood with high relapse and mortality rates. Furthermore, high risk neuroblastoma is often accompanied by an infaust prognosis. The 5-nitrofuran nifurtimox, usually used in the treatment of Chagas disease, showed cytotoxic effects against neuroblastoma in vitro and in experimental therapy, which is presumably due to the formation of oxidative stress. Inducing oxidative stress is a well investigated and suitable strategy in the treatment of malignant diseases in vitro but often encounters difficulties in clinical administration. Thus, nifurtimox as a well-established drug represents a promising new approach in treating neuroblastoma. Combining the induction of reactive oxygen species by application of nifurtimox with a blockade of the cells' own stress response might even increase the cytotoxic effects. The chaperones heat shock protein 70 and 90 (Hsp70/Hsp90) are responsible for refolding or degrading damaged proteins, especially after stress situations such as heat or oxidative stress. Therefore, the roles of Hsp70 and Hsp90 were investigated in more detail.

The commercially available human neuroblastoma cell lines IMR-32, LA-N-1 and the cell line LS, which has been established in the children's hospital Tuebingen, were exposed to increasing doses of nifurtimox (0.070 mM to 0.348 mM) and incubated for 1, 2 or 3 days. It could be observed that cell viability of all cell lines was significantly and dose-dependently reduced (p<0.01) after nifurtimox treatment. An average reduction of cell viability by 50% was achieved after 24h incubation with 0.348 mM nifurtimox (LS and IMR-32). The assumption that nifurtimox induces the formation of reactive oxygen species could be confirmed. The amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly increased (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines after 24h. Furthermore, expression levels of heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 were investigated. Western blot analysis revealed increased intracellular expression levels for both heat shock proteins after 24h nifurtimox treatment. Concluding that Hsp70 and Hsp90 have important roles in tumor cell survival, it was decided to specifically inhibit Hsp90. For this purpose, the neuroblastoma cell lines were treated with the geldanamycin analog 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG). After inhibition of Hsp90 cells were additionally incubated with the previously used dosages of nifurtimox. A significant higher reduction of the cell viability (p<0.001) could be observed for all neuroblastoma cell lines compared to the application of nifurtimox or 17-DMAG alone.

In conclusion, nifurtimox increases oxidative stress in neuroblastoma cell lines leading to significantly decreased cell viability. The specific inhibition of Hsp90 additionally intensifies this effect. The findings suggest that the combined administration of nifurtimox and the specific Hsp90 inhibitor 17-DMAG leads to a synergistic and favorable effect in the treatment of neuroblastoma. More importantly, being an approved medication and well investigated in a wide variety of clinical trials, nifurtimox and 17-DMAG are easy accessible and create a promising new approach not only in neuroblastoma treatment.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Purpose : We studied short-term effects of steroid and anti-inflammatory drugs on collagen synthesis in rat skin. Materials and Methods : The 18 rats were divided equally into three groups: group I; piroxicam, group II; triamcinolone, group III; saline. All drugs were given by intraperitoneal injection. Drugs were administered to rats for 4 days after dorsal skin incision. One day after operation and at 24 hour interval there after, skin tissues containing subcutaneous fat were randomly harvested. Measurement procedures were composed of three steps: the first was Masson' trichrome stain for collagen tissue identification; the second involved transporting the image to a computer and the third the analyses of the collagen area using a morphometry program. Results : Statistically significant differences were found in the mean values of the relative collagen contents of the triamcinolone and saline injection groups on the third day (p


Nylon bags containing 3 alkali treated and 3 untreated cereal straws were incubated in the rumen of sheep from 0 to 96 hours. Data calculated from this fitted a simple kinetic model involving an undegradable pool and a degradable pool where fermentation of potentially degradable fibre followed first order kinetics. Dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose and cellulose had similar rates and extents of fermentation lending strong support to the two pool model. Substantial losses of lignin from the nylon bags were observed which was thought to be mainly due to solvation rather than true digestion.


Characteristics of cirrus clouds forming just below the tropical tropopause and associated atmospheric turbulence in this region are studied using a monostatic lidar and Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere (MST) radar. The lidar data shows quite frequent occurrence of cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause. The vertical extent is confined to the region just below the tropopause with a width of about 1-2 km. Based on cloud optical depth these cirrus clouds can be classified as; the subvisual cirrus with optical depth (tau) c < 0.05 and thick or opaque cirrus with optical depth (tau) c < 0.05. Frequency of occurrence of subvisual clouds is larger than that of the thick clouds. While the subvisual cirrus occurs more frequently at an altitude approximately 16 km, the optically thick clouds occur more frequently around approximately 14 km. The lidar signal scattered by these clouds shows significant depolarization, indicating the presence of abundant amount of non-spherical particles. The MST radar observations of vertical wind during the lidar observation revealed that the region between 10 km to 16 km, where these clouds are observed, is highly turbulent. A study of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy profile has shown high er values during the period of cloud occurrence. altitude profile of the vertical gradient eddy diffusion coefficient in the latitude region 10 to 16 km shows a sharp positive peak followed by a sharp negative peak above, when the cloud is strong and continuous. On other periods when the cloud is weak and discontinuous in this region is relatively low and the peaks are rather broad. This means that a region of divergence followed by a region of convergence above is favorable for the cirrus cloud formation.


Banking transactions, such as online transactions, credit card transactions and the mobile wallet, are gaining popularity. People are shopping more and more using credit cards. Credit cards have become a necessity, to the virtual world, for digitized and paperless transactions. Millions of online transactions take place every day and all of these transactions are subject to various types of fraud. There are many techniques developed to analyze, detect and prevent credit card fraud, these techniques are no longer sufficient for current needs. In recent years, several studies have used machine Learning techniques to find solutions to this problem. In this paper, we present a comparative study of different techniques of machine learning, especially neural network, applied to the same dataset. Our analysis aims to propose a comprehensive guide to choose the best techniques for credit card fraud detection.


Post-tensioned masonry wall (PT-MW) is an ideal candidate for accelerating the construction of sound barriers in highways. PT-MWs have been in use for a while in buildings; however, there has been no rigorous single-study in the U.S. about in-plane strength of PT-MWs built out of concrete masonry units. This resulted in some contradictions between International Building Code (IBC 2010) and Masonry Standard Joint Committee (MSJC 2011). MSJC (2011) defines three types of PT-MWs: ordinary plain, intermediate, and special. However, the IBC (2010) combines the different types of PT-MWs into one type similar to that of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls. This represents a significant contradiction. Specially designed PT-MW would be designed according to MSJC (2011) for a seismic lateral force equal to one-third the required seismic force according to IBC (2010). Moreover, according to MSJC (2011), both intermediate and special walls have identical prescriptive bonded mild steel reinforcement and post-tensioning bars which is similar to that of specially reinforced masonry walls while the IBC (2010) does not have similar recommendations. Finally, ordinary post-tensioned walls do not have maximum spacing between tendons in both MSJC and IBC. Hence, there is a crucial gap in the current knowledge which requires an immediate investigation. This project investigates the in-plane behavior of full-scale unbonded post-tensioned walls. All walls have the same total post-tensioning force and identical dimensions of 104 in. long, 96 in. high, and 8 in. wide. Spacings between tendons ranging from 24 in. to 96 in. were investigated. The walls were subjected to in-plane shear loads of increasing amplitude. Both flexural strength and shear strength were evaluated and compared to the strengths given by MSJC (2011).


The policy imperative to engage the public and patients in research can be seen as part of a wider shift in the research environment. This study addresses the question: Has there been a shift in attitudes to Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and Public Engagement in Science (PES) amongst researchers?


The method for forming a thermal injection coating on a coating forming surface, comprises thermally spraying starting material powder on the coating forming surface and depositing- and coating the starting material powder on the coating forming surface and then hardened in order to form a coating. When the starting material powder is deposited through thermal spraying on the surface with 50-90% of the total quantity in the solid-phase condition, a deposition of 70% to 80% of the total quantity in the solid-phase condition is preferably adopted to increase the ratio of the crystallites remaining in the starting material powder and to guarantee high heat conductivity.


Using horizontal n-bases of the tangent bundle of the linear frame bundle of an n-dimensional manifold M, the canonical form in the non-holonomic second-order frame bundle of M is introduced as a restriction of the canonical form of the bundle . This construction generalizes the ones in the corresponding semi-holonomic and holonomic second-order frame bundles. We prove that the natural projection of the set of all non-holonomic second-order frames of M into defines a principal bundle structure.


Colloidal suspensions containing nano-sized particles are used in numerous applications such as batteries, inks and paints, and also used as precursors to a wide variety of industrial materials. The ability to control the microstructure during drying is important for many potential applications. When it comes to solar cell technology, controlling the microstructure plays a critical role ranging from thin film solar cell (where no void in the film is desirable) to dye-sensitized solar cell (where void is desired to produce small pores). For instance, Copper-Indium-Selenide solar cell, or more commonly known as CIS solar cell requires smooth surfaces and uniform microstructure. In those applications non-uniform particle aggregation is a critical defect to be avoided. In this sense, drying process of colloidal suspension is a crucial step that often determines final coating quality. While there have been many studies on liquid states and final film structures of colloidal system, the mechanism of drying process is not fully understood yet. In this study, we investigate drying process of colloidal suspension by examining its microstructure.


Recently interest in indoor air quality grows, for this study has become a very important task in worldwide. Therefore, in this study surveys and indoor air environment was measured to target the library to improve indoor air quality and to create a more pleasant environment. Survey Results that users feel that they were offensive about the library of the indoor air quality and they thought that the lack of ventilation and some of them are experiencing symptoms of sick house syndrome remained. Measurement results that carbon dioxide is measured each 1286 ppm, 1148 ppm at Reading Room and Media Room that figures are beyond the benchmark appeared to 1000 ppm. Total Volatile Organic Compounds is measured 485.03 ㎍/㎥ at Reading Room which figure is the largest one of other points of measurement. Therefore, we must work to improve indoor air quality of the library to reduce emissions of pollutants, to remove the individual pollutants, to improve ventilation and to use air freshener system and so on.


Review of Erichson's types from Mexico, West Indies and South America is presented. Nine species are treated herein, of which three are redescribed (A. breviuscula Er., A. chrysorrhoa Er. and A. lateralis Er.), one has been previously synonymized by Klimaszewski (1984), with first name being valid (A. notula Er. = A. duplicata Er.), two are newly transferred to different genera (A. peltata Er. to Hoplandria Dr., and A. restricta Er. to Tricolpochila Bernh.), and three species were previously revised and redescribed by Klimaszewski (1984) and Klimaszewski and Genier (1986), A. notula Er., A. taeniata Er. and A. verberans Er.). Six lectotypes are designated here. A checklist of species is presented with reference to the original description, original material and the main source of reference. A discussion, illustrations and/or reference to the most reliable redescription are provided for each species.


Purpose: We describe the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to investigate the relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibody (TSHR Ab) levels and retinal vessel and choroid changes in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods: We enrolled 23 TED patients with abnormal TSHR Ab levels (>1.5 IU/L; all right eyes). Sex, visual acuity, intraocular pressure and TSHR Ab level were recorded at baseline and after 1 month. We used OCTA to determine the size of the superficial and deep foveal avascular zones (sFAZ and dFAZ, respectively), as well as the 1-mm foveal and 3-mm parafoveal superficial capillary plexus density (sCPD) and choroidal thickness (CT), at baseline and after 1 month later. Results: The mean age of the 23 patients was 43.30 ± 16.16 years and 18 were female (78%). The mean baseline TSHR Ab level was 11.47 ± 11.22 IU/L. The TSHR Ab level showed non-significant correlations with sFAZ and dFAZ size, and with the 1-mm foveal sCPD; the correlation coefficients were 0.173, 0.073, and 0.266, respectively (p = 0.465, p = 0.759, and p = 0.224, respectively). The 3-mm parafoveal sCPD and CT showed non-significant correlations with the TSHR Ab level; the correlation coefficients were -0.185 and -0.16 (p = 0.421, p = 0.487). Conclusions: In TED patients, changes in TSHR Ab level over 1 month do not affect retinal blood flow or CT, but show a non-significant positive association with the 1-mm foveal sCPD. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(10):1121-1128


Recent scandals have tarnished the integrity of the accounting profession, marking it with a modern version of the scarlet letter A, which represented disgrace in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. In this study, the authors surveyed college business students on their perceptions of the accounting profession and examined how it can overcome its fall from grace. The encouraging news for business educators is that students are not rethinking their college major or career choice as a result of the corporate accounting problems.


Anthropogenic pollution (organic matter and Hg) around Cisadane River upstream can affect the abundances of macrozoobenthos. The aim of this research was to identify the abundances of macrozoobenthos and feeding groups, and also to identify the status of waters based on macrozoobenthos community. The research was conducted on January to March in four locations in the upstream of Cisadane River, covering Cikuluwung (ST 1), Cisarua (ST 2), Curug Bitung (ST 3), and Lukut (ST 4). Samples were collected with kick net and Eckman Grab. The dominance macrozoobenthos are Bungona (171 ind/m2), Simulium (101 ind/m2), Cheumatopsyche (50 ind/m2), and Polypedilum (28 ind/m2). Based on feeding groups, the dominance are filtering collector and gatherer collector. Based on the Pollution Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (Hg) on sediment, the upstream of Cisadane River is low polluted whereas EPT Index and Signal showed that upstream of Cisadane River is moderate polluted.


We are developing an extensible, open-source framework that canlocalize and track rigid bodies using a network of cameras (bothRGB and depth). This system is motivated by two design goals - (i)ease of setup, and (ii) ability to be agnostic of individual camerasand recognition algorithms. The goal of this implementation is tobe a poor man's motion capture system that can be quickly setup for experimentation and provide accurate 3-D pose of the rigidbody and scalable across cameras and the volume of coverage.


In this essay market abuse will investigated and more specifically market manipulation. Market manipulation has recently been discussed due to a court ruling by the Supreme Court of Sweden, NJA 2013 s. 987. The comprehensive purpose of this essay is to describe the established law in regards to market manipulation. In addition to that this essay will analyse NJA 2013 s. 987 and in particular the legal consequences of the aforementioned court ruling. Lastly this essay will also show what market manipulation is through typical scenarios.
Statutory rules against market manipulation are a quite new phenomenon and were first enacted twenty years ago. Since then the regulation has been changed and today the provision is included in the Swedish Market Manipulation Act that is a product of the Market Abuse Directive. The provision penalizes acts when someone on the securities market or in other ways proceeds in a way that is aimed to unduly impact the market price or other conditions for the trade of financial instruments or in another way misleads purchasers or vendors of said instruments. Accordingly, an act can be classified as unduly or legitimate solely on the basis of the defendant's intentions with a certain act. The examination of case law in the essay has shown that self contracting on the securities market in principle is unduly in itself whereas the other typical cases of market manipulation is more difficult to assess and the assessment has to be made from case to case in the absence of clear case law.
In NJA 2013 s. 987 the defendant was acquitted from a painting the tape procedure. This was criticised by many. The initial consequence of the ruling was that the Swedish Economic Crime Authority withdrawed a case due to the ruling. However, the grounds for doing this can be debated since the two cases showed little or no similarities. An analyse of NJA 2013 s. 987 shows that the ruling gets a limited impact on the established law. This due to that the Supreme Court, except in general terms remind of the principle of legality, only expresses itself on one very specific situation. This is that a stock price which is the result of ordinary supply and demand shall not be deemed as the result of an unduly impact if the person who is selling or buying in such a situation himself or herself takes the commercial risk of such transactions. In these situations the requirements to deem the transaction as unduly should be set highly.
This essay will also show what market manipulation is through typical scenarios. These typical scenarios represent some specific types of transactions or chains of events that is deemed to be regarded as market manipulation. These acts hold one characteristic jointly and that is that they either conveys incorrect information or that they withholds correct information.


Purpose: To determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental Design: This multicenter, open-label, phase I, dose-escalation study included patients aged 20 to 80 years, refractory to standard therapy, and stratified by hepatic function measured using Child–Pugh (CP) scores: CP-A (score, 5–6) and CP-B (score, 7–8). Lenvatinib was administered continually once daily for 4-week cycles. MTD was defined as the maximum dose associatedwith � 1dose-limitingtoxicity(DLT)occurringincycle 1 among 6 patients. Results: In total, 20 patients (9 in CP-A and 11 in CP-B) were enrolled. TheMTD was 12and8 mgoncedaily in CP-A andCP-B, respectively; DLTs included proteinuria, hepatic encephalopathy, and hyperbilirubinemia. The most common grade 3 toxicities included hypertension in CP-A and hyperbilirubinemia in CP-B. Lenvatinib plasma concentration at 24 hours after administration (C24 h) for 12 mg once daily was higher in patients with HCC than in patients with other solid tumors shown in a previous phase I study, but C24 h for 25 mg once daily lenvatinib was comparable. After lenvatinib treatment, the number of circulating endothelial and c-Kit þ cells decreasedand the levelsofinterleukin (IL)-6,IL10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growthfactor increased(P < 0.05).Partial responseswereobserved in 3 patients and tumor shrinkage occurred in 14 patients. Conclusion: Lenvatinib (12 mg once daily) demonstrated preliminary efficacy with manageable toxicity and is the recommended dose for phase II studies in patients with HCC and CP-A. Clin Cancer Res; 1–10. � 2015 AACR.


Abstract   Sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a novel class of antidiabetic agent. The association of SGLT2 inhibitors and incidence of bladder cancer has not been well established due to few numbers of cases and not enough length of exposure. Here we describe a case of bladder cancer developed one year after empagliflozin exposure in a patient with latent autoimmune diabetes. Case description A 51-year-old man presented to our endocrine clinic with a one-year diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. His glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8% on maximum dose metformin and well adherence to diet. The patient had no significant past medical history and his body mass index was 23.6 kg/m2. Empagliflozin 25 mg daily was added to his regimen, in addition to sulfonylurea and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor drugs. The patient continued to have persistent hyperglycemia despite medical therapy with HbA1c ranged between 7.5-7.9%. After one year, he presented with fatigue, unintentional 7-kg weight loss and perianal pain. A transrectal ultrasound of the pelvis showed a 10-mm solid lesion in the urinary bladder. He underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor; pathology showed a low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with focal areas of high grade. Empagliflozin was discontinued and due to persistent hyperglycemia, further labs were requested. Fasting blood glucose of 265 mg/dl, HA1c of 7.9%, anti-GAD antibody was positive 37.52 u/ml (<10.0), C-peptide of 0.51 ng/ml (0.37-1.47), insulin of 2.0 mu/ml (2.6-24.9). These findings suggested latent autoimmune diabetes with mild pancreatic reserve. Patient was then started on insulin therapy of Glargine and Aspart. Conclusion The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with autoimmune diabetes may have a higher risk of bladder cancer as compared to patients with type 2 diabetes. An individualized selection of antidiabetic agent with consideration of proper diagnosis is recommended to prevent a serious consequence. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


This paper discuss about the advantages of thermo-bonded coils in rotating machines fed by PWM inverters, relatively to the classical impregnation methods, for aircraft applications. Measurements made on three stators built with different technologies show that thermo-bonding methods give higher Partial Discharge Inception Voltages (PDIV) for the turn-to-turn insulation. A simple Finite Element model of the insulation of two adjacent enameled wires associated with the Paschen law explains the physical causes to these advantages. The model proposes also a method for evaluating the effect of the bonding layer thickness.


The quantification and classification of quantum entanglement is a very important and still open question of quantum information theory. In this paper, we describe an entanglement measure for multipartite pure states (the minimum of Shannon's entropy of orthogonal measurements). This measure is additive, monotone under LOCC, and coincides with the reduced von Neumann entropy on bipartite states. A method for numerical calculation of this measure by genetic algorithms is also presented. Moreover, the minimization of entropy technique is extended to fermionic states.


A study of the organisation and operations of the Roman Imperial marble quarries in Phrygia. Extensive catalogue of new inscriptions.


Based on our country's electronic business status,this paper discusses the technical safety problem from the two aspects: the firewall and the data encryption.


In this article we focus on some opinions among the inhabitants in St. Petersburg and Stockholm on important social issues related to the political and economic changes during recent decades. We emphasize especially the opinions among the adult respondents who, above all in Russia, have experienced essential changes in their social environments during the last twenty years and whose attitudes are expected to diverge from the young people's. However, we also show in the figures and partly discuss corresponding results for the young respondents in both cities. We start (in section I) presenting some common perspectives on media and democracy, not least concerning the changing situation in Russia as it appears in the academic discourse and among media experts in the two cities who we interviewed in our study. In the following pages (section II) we summarize findings from our quantitative surveys. After that (section III) some findings are presented more in detail. Finally (section IV), we discuss the results in the light of prevailing views on the Russian and the Swedish society.


Understanding the ways in which users interact with different online communities is crucial to social network analysis and community maintenance. We present an unsupervised neural model to learn linguistic descriptors for a user's behavior over time within an online community. We show that the descriptors learned by our model capture the functional roles that users occupy in communities, in contrast to those learned via a standard topic-modeling algorithm, which simply reflect topical content. Experiments on the social media forum Reddit show how the model can provide interpretable insights into user behavior. Our model uncovers linguistic differences that correlate with user activity levels and community clustering.


THE GODFATHER, FRANCIS FORD COPPOLA'S 1972 blockbuster, is a timeless classic. In addition to its legacy as one of Hollywood's most successful motion pictures, The Godfather exemplifies a theme that roots itself in the very fabric of human nature: extortion. What is central to The Godfather has parallels, nuanced and more subtle, to land use regulation. Through a pervasive scheme of exactions, governments are coercing property owners. This coercion may neither be as blatant nor as repugnant as finding a horse's decapitated head in one's bed, but, nevertheless, it exists and mandates judicial oversight. Indeed, in 1987 the United States Supreme Court warned against the risk of municipal plans of "out-and-out. . . . extortion." The Supreme Court has made efforts to inhibit government extortion in the context of exactions. In two well-known cases, Nollan and Dolan, the Court crafted a framework that subjected exactions to heightened scrutiny. This framework, known as the "dual rationality test," measures the constitutionality of modern-day exactions.


The blastomogenic action of ionizing radiation, namely x rays and the radioactive isotope P/sup 32/, on the lungs of mice is quite a feeble one. It is distinctly less than the blastomogenic substances. A tumorigenic action of radioactive Ru/sup 103/ was not observed in the experiments. When using x rays and P/sup 32/ along with injection of mice with urethane one notes crease in the number of the dense bodies, which occur in groups of 12 to 15 in each cell in the thin sections. As in the normal cell, they are approximately 0.5 mu u in diameter, with a smooth outer membrane and opaque ground substance. Their internal structure is more variable, most have some lamellations, and myeloid bodies are fairly common. After Thorotrast treatment for 1 hr. the dense bodies of the giant cells show a considerable concentration of granules. lt is a considerable suppression by radiational factors of the process of blastomogenesis in the lungs of mice. (auth)


Counterfeit notes are a significant problem faced by economies worldwide, as they not only disrupt the monetary system but also undermine trust in the financial system. In recent years, advances in technology have led to the development of sophisticated methods for detecting counterfeit currency. One such method is pattern recognition, which involves the use of software algorithms to analyse the visual characteristics of banknotes and identify patterns that indicate the authenticity of the note. This paper discusses the identification of counterfeit notes using pattern recognition and explores the effectiveness of this method in detecting counterfeit currency.


1. Flooding events are predicted to increase over the coming decades, calling for a better understanding of plant responses to submergence. Speci fi c root-associated microbes alter plant hormonal balance, affecting plant growth and stress tolerance. We hypothesized that the presence of such microbes may modulate plant responses to submergence. 2. We tested whether root-associated bacteria producing the enzyme ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase affect submergence responses in Rumex palustris , a fl ood-tolerant riparian plant. Ethylene is a key plant hormone regulating fl ood-associated acclimations, and ACC deaminase activity of bacteria may decrease ethylene levels in the plant. Rumex palustris plants were inoculated with Pseudomonas putida UW4 or an isogenic mutant lacking ACC deaminase, and subsequently exposed to complete submergence. 3. Submergence triggered ethylene-mediated responses, including an increase in leaf elongation and shoot fresh weight. Flood responses, including post-submergence ethylene production, were reduced in plants inoculated with ACC deaminase-producing wild type bacteria, as compared to plants inoculated with the ACC deaminase-negative mutant. 4. Synthesis. We demonstrate that root-associated bacteria can alter plant response to environmental stress by altering plant hormonal balance. Plant – microbe interactions may thus be an overseen driver of plant life-history strategies that should be taken into account when assessing plant ecological adaptations such as abiotic stress resistance.


It is shown that strongly interacting Fermi systems, such as /sup 3/He, transition metals, and the heavy-fermion systems can be consistently described within the ''induced''-interaction Fermi-liquid formalism. The general limiting features of the model are considered. In agreement with the Gutzwiller (half-filled case) solution to the Hubbard model, there is a localization of excitations as F/sub 0//sup s/ and F/sub 1//sup s/..-->..infinity. Some of the large m/sup */ originate from a large ''dynamic'' mass, m/sub lambda/ for f electrons, which is then shown to be further increased by many-body effects. In disagreement with the Gutzwiller solution in the half-filled case, but in agreement with the less-than-half-filled case, the compression modulus goes to a finite value as F/sub 0//sup s/,F/sub 1//sup s/..-->..infinity, so that: in a jellium model: the Debye frequency FTHETA/sub D/ has a finite value. The implication of the spin-dependent parameter F/sub 0//sup a/ going to a finite limit are discussed. In particular, it is shown that ferromagnetic ordering cannot occur in the case of a short-ranged potential.


The method was improved for the simultaneous determination of arsenic and mercury in marine organism with microwave digestion by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The influence of instrument parameters,digestive system,KBH4 concentration were optimized.The influence of NO-2 was avoided.The developed method showed limits of detection were 0.02mg/Kg for arsenic,0.002 mg/Kg for mercury and relative deviatiaons were 2.83% for arsenic,2.05% for mercury.The improved method,which is simple,sensitive and reliable,has good suitability for the simultaneous determination of arsenic and mercury in marine organism.


Previous studies of the distribution of breeding blackbirds Turdus merula in a patchy environment of tree lots in a matrix of farmland have shown that nestling mortality due to nest predation and starvation decreased with increasing habitat patch size. The net annual reproductive success increased with increasing patch size and accordingly a larger fraction of yearling blackbirds appeared to be forced to settle in small habitat patches. In this study I independently assess habitat quality as perceived by the blackbirds using a measure of developmental stability as a criterion. Fluctuating asymmetry in wing length and tail length of blackbird nestlings and fledglings decreased with increasing patch size. Nestlings with high levels of asymmetry also had high levels of asymmetry as independent fledglings, and local post-fledging survival probability was inversely related to the level of fluctuating asymmetry. Adult blackbirds breeding in small habitat patches did not have higher asymmetry than those breeding in large patches, and this observation suggests that natural selection had reduced the level of asymmetry among adults. Developmental stability is concluded to be a potentially useful independent measure of performance in studies of conservation biology and landscape ecology


Copolyamide films with a thickness from 50 to 780 nm were fabricated by interfacial polymerization between mixtures of m-phenylenediamine and primary amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) in the aqueous phase and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in the organic phase. Different PAMAM generations (G0, d = 15 A, Z = 4; G3, d = 36 A, Z = 32; and G5, d = 54, Z = 128, where d is the measured diameter and Z is the number of terminal groups), and concentrations were used to obtain copolyamide films with different cross-linked structures. The influences of the concentration and degree of branching (PAMAM generation) on free volume were analyzed via positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and correlated with the separation properties of copolyamide films. Besides, surface and intrinsic properties of copolyamide films prepared under different conditions were compared. The high hydrophilicity of PAMAM in the copolyamide network leads to the formation of a hydration layer on the copolyamide surface, which minimi...


Transient ultrasonic propagation in human bone tissue is considered according to Biot's theory. The bone is modeled as a porous medium with an elastic structure. The viscous (cid:29)uid/structure interactions are described by fractional calculus in the time domain. The slow and fast com-pressional waves, as well as the rotational shear wave predicted by Biot's theory obey fractional propagation equations. The fractional equation system is solved analytically in the time domain, thus obtaining the expressions of the re(cid:29)ection and transmission scattering operators. Inverse identi(cid:28)cation of the intrinsic microstructure of the pores and of the mechanical properties of the bone is performed in the time domain (waveforms) and frequency domain (attenuation and phase velocities), by adopting a statistical Bayesian inference technique using ultrasonic trans-mitted and re(cid:29)ected signals, which allows to (cid:28)nd the identi(cid:28)ed parameters and their associated uncertainty.


A pharmacological approach to prevent reentrant tachycardias is to prolong the action potential duration (APD) of the myocytes that provide the substrate for the arrhythmia. For such an anti-arrhythmic approach to be effective, APD prolongation should be positive rate dependent, that is, it should maximize APD prolongation at the fast excitation rates of tachycardia and minimize APD prolongation at slow excitation rates. APD prolongation by current anti-arrhythmic agents is either reverse (larger APD prolongation at slow rates than at fast rates) or neutral (similar APD prolongation at slow and fast rates), which may not result in an effective anti-arrhythmic action. In this report we show that, in computer models of the human ventricular action potential, the combined modulation of both depolarizing and repolarizing ion currents (INaL, ICaL, IKs, IKr and IK1) results in a stronger positive rate dependent APD prolongation than modulation of just repolarizing potassium currents (IKs, IKr and IK1); modulation of a single repolarizing current (IKr) results in reverse rate dependence. A robust positive rate dependent APD prolongation correlates with an acceleration of phase 2 repolarization and a deceleration of phase 3 repolarization, which leads to a triangulation of the action potential shape. A positive rate dependent APD prolongation decreases the repolarization reserve with respect to control at slow excitation rates, which can be managed by interventions that prolong APD at fast excitation rates and shorten APD at slow excitation rates. Feature importance analysis shows that, for both computer models of the action potential, ICaL and IK1 are the most important ion currents to achieve a positive rate dependent APD prolongation. In conclusion, multichannel modulation of depolarizing and repolarizing ion currents, with ion channel activators and blockers, results in a robust APD prolongation at fast excitation rates, which should be anti-arrhythmic, while minimizing APD prolongation at slow heart rates, which should reduce potential pro-arrhythmic risks.


Background The microarchitecture of bone plays crucial role in acquiring primary implant stability. In the previous studies, microarchitectural characteristics of trabecular bone have been intensively investigated by examining 2D sections of bone biopsies, combined with calculation of 2D morphometric parameters using stereologic methods. Nevertheless, considering the invasiveness of this method and related ethical issues, alternate and reliable imaging modality has become a necessity. Cone-beam CT (CBCT), as a new emerging radiographic approach, may possess plenty of benefits regarding radiation dose, cost-effectiveness and 3D modalities in evaluating the trabecular and cortical bone structures in a clinically objective and quantitative way. Although the application of morphometric parameters for the assessment of trabecular bone structure has already been extensively studied in MSCT and μCT, the use of CBCT for prediction of these measures remains relatively unexplored.


The European x-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) requires an electron beam with a few kA peak current. The interaction between the high-current electron bunch and the undulator vacuum chamber affects the FEL performance. To study the expected performance in the presence of the calculated wakefields we are doing start- to-end simulations. The European XFEL is based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) and requires an electron beam with a few kA peak current and a small-gap undulator system of up to 260 m in length (1). The electromagnetic interaction between the high-current electron bunch and the undulator vacuum chamber affects the FEL performance. In this paper we estimate the induced wakefields in an elliptical pipe geometry taking into account main geometrical variations of the chamber. To study the expected performance in the presence of the calculated wakefields we are doing start-to-end simulations with the codes ASTRA (2), CSRtrack (3) and Genesis (4). In order to compensate the impact of wake fields on the FEL performance, an adiabatic change of undulator parameters is applied. START-TO-UNDULATOR SIMULATION The beam dynamics in the rf photo injector and the linac has been modeled with the codes ASTRA and CSRtrack. The particles are tracked taking into account space charge effects with the code ASTRA to the 130 MeV point. For all other linac sections, transport matrices and a semi-analytic model for longitudinal space charge effects are used to propagate particle phase space.


In this paper we investigate the nature of stationary points of functionals on the space of Riemannian metrics on a smooth compact manifold. Special cases are spectral invariants associated with Laplace or Dirac operators such as functional determinants, and the total Q-curvature. When the functional is invariant under conformal changes of the metric, and the manifold is the standard n-sphere, we apply methods from representation theory to give a universal form of the Hessian of the functional at a stationary point. This reveals a very strong rigidity in the local structure of any such functional. As a corollary this gives a new proof of the results of K. Okikiolu (Ann. Math., 2001) on local maxima and minima for the determinant of the conformal Laplacian, and we obtain results of the same type in general examples.


— PT. LEN is one of state owned companies (BUMN) in Indonesia which is engaged in technology industries. As one of state owned companies (BUMN) which enroll in strategic industries, PT. LEN has a very important role in supporting the growth of Indonesia's development, PT. LEN's business performance has successfully led PT. LEN as a trillion company. In 2011, the life cycle of this company has been projected from phase Stability to phase Growth. Nevertheless, one issue has arisen when the growth of the company is hampered by funding issue, especially the lack of capital to run the projects. The growth of revenues become unbalanced with working capital, especially liquid working capital (cash). The objective of the company is to Go Public with huge amount of capital which can support the business activities and also to strengthen the capital structure and the liquidity of assets. The sales revenue from some of its stocks is used as an alternative source of fund apart from bank loans. The fund is used to expand the company's activities, to build the facility of developing system, and also to build fabrication workshop. The total amount of fund needed is 590 billion. During the IPO process, there are several things to be concerned, internally and externally. From the company's internal perspective, several things to be concerned are company's financial fundamental analysis, valuation, and company's feasibility studies in doing IPO. From the external perspective, PT. LEN needs to concern about macroeconomic factor and the industrial competition. Both of internal and external perspective will affect investors' interest to the company. This thesis uses Discounted Cash Flow as a method to calculate the valuation of the company. This method is used to value stock's price in a company by calculate the Future Expected Cash Flow. The Discounted Cash Flow method is used to value the stock's price and the amount of stocks issued by PT. LEN for IPO process so the price will be interesting to the investors. Other than to fulfill the needs of source funding, IPO process is also one of the programs to privatize the state owned companies in Indonesia which is included in BUMN's Masterplan 2010-2014.


A counter unit and external quenching circuit for use with carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide mixtures are described. The counter unit consists of a long and short counter to eliminate end effects. The quenching circuit, which depends on the action of a multivibrator, enables the voltage across the Geiger‐Mueller counter to be reduced in a controllable manner by any desired amount and for any desired time.


This article studies the formats Do we X, Should/Shall we X, and Let's X in
 order to deepen our understanding of face-to-face collaborative interactions at the computer. We use 6 hours of data of university
 students collaborating in British and American English, and our methodology is Conversation Analysis. We demonstrate that the
 participants display and orient to the immediacy/remoteness of the task, as well as their entitlement to carry out the proposed
 task, when they put forward a proposed action. To do so, they use specific formats, specific verbs, and display specific tasks
 depending on their needs, emerging from the unfolding of the collaboration. We argue that collaboration is not only a matter of
 organising the accomplishment of a set of tasks, but also of displaying what kind of task is being proposed, and to what extent
 the speaker is entitled to the proposed task.


This paper investigates the soil treatment on control actionof Liriomza huidobrensis.The results showed that 88.46% the mature larva of Liriomza huidobrensis pupates on the 0~2 cm in the soil surface;soil of deep plough(is more than 15 cm),water-conditioning (Pupae body soaking and Supersaturation irrigation water),that is effective control on Liriomza huidobrensis throwing off soil mixed with phoxim.


Following house jobs at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, William Harry Ruxton Auld ("Harry") was appointed lecturer in clinical chemistry and pathology in Aberdeen. During this period he obtained MD (Hons) in 1954, and was awarded the Lund research scholarship in 1950. He was appointed consultant chemical pathologist to the Chelsea and Kensington group of hospitals in …


RESULTS: No infections were noted in any of the groups. Adhesion severity in the PerClot group, Arista AH group and sodium hyaluronate group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences noted among the former three groups. No residual product was noted in the the PerClot group or the Arista AH group. A large peritoneal effusion was observed in the sodium hyaluronate group. Histopathological examination indicated that there was a marked inflammatory cell infiltrate and serosal fibroblastic proliferation in the control group. The histopathological changes in the PerClot, Arista AH and sodium hyaluronate groups were less severe than those noted in the control group.


The law constantly tries to make sense of people's thoughts. Did former NBA star Jayson Williams purposely cover up the shooting of his chauffeur? Did Texaco executives intentionally discriminate against employees based on race? Did WorldCom CEO Bernie Ebbers knowingly preside over massive fraud? Each of these questions, and legal liability itself, frequently rests upon insight into the mental states of various actors. By requiring a subjective inquiry into the human mind in dozens of legal disciplines, the law unsurprisingly calls for an understanding of the way people think. What is surprising, however, is that policymakers develop law related to the human mind without an understanding of the human mind itself. Outside of the legal context, this understanding continues to evolve as psychologists pursue research on how mental states are perceived and judged. In light of such research, particularly new studies that reveal cultural differences in mental state judgments, legal commentators now must question not only whether existing mental state standards diverge from true decision-making processes, but also whether such standards ignore cultural differences.


For ground pressure at the fourth level of Xingan Coal Mine,Hegang Mining Group Company is big,the rib spalling and roof caving at shaft horse gate are more serious,the tallest position reaches to 15 m,although by several section repair,hard to repair truss support,but,the method of multiple unit adding pressuregrouting can control the tunnel thoroughly.


Based on cost-benefit theory and the value-percept diversity model, this study investigates the underlying mechanism that makes consumers feel satisfied with the use of interactive recommendation agents (IRAs). The format of IRAs was manipulated experimentally (attribute-based format/benefit-based format/no agent) and participants were classified as either expert or novice consumers. The dependent measures were the perceived costs and benefits of the information search process, the perceived costs and benefits of the decision-making process, and the degree of satisfaction with the outcome. The results explain the mechanisms underlying consumers' satisfaction when using an IRA. The findings also suggest the presence of an interaction between the expertise of consumers and the preferred type of IRA on various dependent variables. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Vibrational spectroscopy is an important tool to characterize polymeric materials. Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy allows to analyze micrometric areas and yields information about the chemical and physical parameters of polymers. The interpretation of the Raman spectra is usually related to the properties and processing. Thus, this non-destructive technique is appropriated to investigate the skin/core morphology of injection-molded semicrystalline polymers, blends, interface of composites, etc.


Among the discussions on how to design cities in the 21st Century, the challenge to reincorporate the human dimension in synergy with environmental conservation is crucial when the aim is to improve the life quality in urban centers. In accordance with this approach, this study seeks to analyze the walkability in the section around the intersection of the Avenues Engenheiro Caetano Alvares and Imirim, in the northern region of Sao Paulo, considering the perception of the pedestrian, urban and environmental qualities, as the region present structural potential for the development of a green infrastructure system integrated to ecological green core of Cantareira Mountains.


On today of the economic world , who captured the market, who obtain possibility the victory in the competition. But packaging design is the first factor, we want to make my own product get approve, At first ,let the design of our packaging enter into the international market and gained the society of acceptability. So we must pay attention to people 's sensibility , in pursuit of spirit, sentiment of taste, under the current and social background, fully make use of our tradition culture, assembled the tradition culture, to stand out the feature ,figure the brand of production , promote production into circulating market .


Amnestic syndrome and personality changes are relatively
common problems following herpes encephalitis.
Anterograde amnesia is thought to be related to hippocampal
lesions. Rarely retrograde amnesia can also be found
secondary to herpes encephalitis. Here, the authors present a
case of Kluver-Bucy syndrome with severe amnesia secondary
to herpes encephalits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed
bilateral medial temporal destrucrion and right orbitofrontal
cortex lesion. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed visually
more prominent severe anterograde amnesia and retrograde
amnesia. The clinical features, neuropsychological test results
and magnetic resonance images in this case are discussed in
terms of temporofrontal disfunction hypothesis.


The main objective of this paper is to provide complete characterization of multigenerator Gabor frames on a periodic set $\Omega$ in $K$. In particular, we provide some necessary and sufficient conditions for the multigenerator Gabor system to be a frame for $L^2(\Omega)$. Furthermore, we establish the complete characterizations of multigenerator Parseval Gabor frames.


In the paper is presented a method of assessing of the exploitation efficiency of transport telematics systems. In order to obtain as an overall assessment of transport telematics systems, as the method for evaluating was accepted the multi-state analysis of the exploitation process. Then was elaborated the model of exploitation process of the telematics system. The problem of fundamental importance in the study of efficiency is to determine the partial measures of effectiveness. Using the characteristics of the exploitation process, a model of exploitation efficiency of telematics system was elaborated and the measures of its evaluation are presented.


In this paper, two alternative cell concepts to overcome these issues were discussed: conventional floating gate cells with high-K inter-poly dielectrics (IPD) and nitride trapping devices with high-K materials. In both concepts, the reduced equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the high-K layers helps reducing VPE, whereas the low leakage current ensures a good data retention. In this work, only hafnium based high-K materials were used: hafnium oxide (HfO2) and nitrided hafnium silicate (HfSiON), both deposited by MOCVD. The choice for these materials was based on their expected availability in the sub-45nm CMOS nodes


...............................................................................................................................................III OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 1 AUDIENCE & OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................... 1 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 1 ENERGY IMPACTS........................................................................................................................................ 4 DESIGN GUIDE ORGANIZATION................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 9 OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................................................................. 9 ROLE OF THE DESIGNER ............................................................................................................................ 10 MARKET SHARE ........................................................................................................................................ 10 EARLY DESIGN ISSUES ......................................................................................................................... 13 INTEGRATED DESIGN ISSUES..................................................................................................................... 13 THE ROLE OF SIMULATION IN DESIGN....................................................................................................... 15 HVAC SYSTEM SELECTION ...................................................................................................................... 21 LOCATION AND SIZE OF AIRSHAFTS .......................................................................................................... 27 RETURN AIR SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................ 29 AUXILIARY LOADS.................................................................................................................................... 31 DESIGN AIRSIDE SUPPLY TEMPERATURE .................................................................................................. 32 CODE VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................ 34 DETERMINING INTERNAL LOADS .............................................................................................................. 35 SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE TARGETS.............................................................................................. 46 ZONE ISSUES............................................................................................................................................ 49 THERMAL COMFORT ................................................................................................................................. 49 ZONING AND THERMOSTATS ..................................................................................................................... 50 DEMAND CONTROL VENTILATION (DCV) ................................................................................................ 51 OCCUPANCY CONTROLS............................................................................................................................ 54 WINDOW SWITCHES .................................................................................................................................. 54 DESIGN OF CONFERENCE ROOMS .............................................................................................................. 55 VAV BOX SELECTION ........................................................................................................................... 57 VAV BOX SELECTION SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 57 VAV REHEAT BOX CONTROL ................................................................................................................... 58 MINIMUM AIRFLOW SETPOINTS ................................................................................................................. 61 SIZING VAV REHEAT BOXES .................................................................................................................... 68 OTHER BOX TYPES.................................................................................................................................... 73 OTHER ISSUES ........................................................................................................................................... 79 DUCT DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................... 83 GENERAL GUIDELINES .............................................................................................................................. 83 SUPPLY DUCT SIZING................................................................................................................................ 88 RETURN AIR SYSTEM SIZING .................................................................................................................... 92 FAN OUTLET CONDITIONS......................................................................................................................... 93 Advanced VAV System Guideline Table of


Four wild Spanish populations of Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Dipt., Tephritidae) were studied by gel electrophoresis, in order to find out their population genetic structure and the relative importance of gene flow in that structure. A great amount of genetic variability was observed. In terms of the pattern of the genetic variability in our populations, the most noticeable characteristics were the similarity of the configuration of allelic frequencies from locality to locality, the existence of exceptions and quantitative differences within that similarity, and the heterogeneity among the variable loci. Gene flow estimated from Wright's method gave a value of Nm = 8.9. However, the FST statistic in three of the loci ranged from 0.0451 to 0.0620 indicating a substantial degree of differentiation among populations (P < 0.001). The present observations seem to support the hypothesis that although gene flow could be high (Nm = 8.9), 'natural' selection, probably due to agricultural practices, may be the major factor responsible for the pattern of the genetic variability observed in B. oleae.


Background: Orthopaedic research service needs to be evaluated its effectiveness.
Objective: To assess customer satisfaction of effectiveness in orthopaedic research service.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among staffs, residents, fellows, and officers who used orthopaedic research service between June 2018 and June 2019. Customers who provided incomplete data were excluded. Baseline characteristics such as gender, highest education, types of employment, and positions were collected. Satisfaction of effectiveness of research service was assessed using the 23-item questionnaire with 8 dimensions; responsibilities, competency, diligence, public interests, creativity, communication, service mind, and productivity.
Results: From 80 participated customers, there were 61 males (76.25%), and 56 residents (70%). Customers satisfied at a good-excellent level in service mind (95.30%), diligence (94.80%), communication (94.75%), public interests (94.60%), productivity (94.50%), responsibility (94.13%), competency (94.13%), and creativity (93.80%). Baseline characteristics were not significantly associated with satisfaction.
Conclusions: Customers satisfied orthopaedic research service at the good-excellent level more than 93%. Improvement of responsibility, competency, and creativity may increase customer satisfaction.


Crime in Mumbai has always been a concern for both the government authorities as well as the citizens of Mumbai. With the increase in the population, the crime rate has also been on an increase which in turn increases the risk factor for the safety of the citizens of Mumbai. To deal with this, the citizens should not only rely on the government authorities to cater the needs but at the same time, the citizens should also understand and adapt with the applications of technology in this very era of technology, to help provide better safety for all the citizens residing in the dynamic city of Mumbai. Safety while traveling can be considered as the major need in Mumbai, as Mumbai is regarded as the city that never sleeps. There have been several at-tempts made by the government authorities as well as individuals to help provide a model for better safety while traveling but still it has never been completely automated. This research pro-poses a model that works in synergy with various steps that include crime data collection, and then analysis on that data to predict the crimehotspots which are specifically targeted to help citizens to distinguish between safe and unsafeareas while traveling.


Background: Nausea and vomiting is a problem that is often experience by pregnant mothers in trimester I. The rate of nausea and vomiting throughout the world is 15-20%. Nausea and vomiting can be handled by using pharmacological therapy and non-pharmacological therapist is lemon aromatherapy. It can provide calon and relaxed feeling so as to reduce nausea and vomiting.
Objective: To know lemon aromatherapy (citrus lemon) to reduce nausea and vomiting of pregnant mothers in trimester I in "Permata Ibu" at Prembun.
Method: This research was conducted by using an analytical descriptive with a case study. The data was obtained from interviews and observation.
Result: After having inhalation of lemon aromatherapy, there was an decrease in the frequency of nausea and vomiting on 5 participants, i.e. from 6 times became once (participant1), from 8 times became Twice (participant 2), from 10 times became 3 times (participant 3), from 5 times became once (participant 4), from 5 times became Twice (participant 5).
Conclusion: Midwifery care of inhalation of lemon aromatherapy (citrus lemon) can reduce nausea and vomiting of participants.


Recent research on future evolution of fiber optic gyros is discussed. Research factors to improve the functions of interferometer fiber optic gyros in regard to light-source characteristics, temperature change induced drift, and cost reduction are reviewed, and resonator fiber optic gyros and Brillouin fiber optic gyros are evaluated as next generation configurations.


A new communication scheme combining both MC modulation and DS-CDMA with a concatenated orthogonal/PN spreading scheme is proposed. This scheme incorporates the advantages of both DS-CDMA with a concatenated scheme, and an MC modulation technique to combat the effect of a multipath fading channel. It is shown that the proposed system outperforms the MC-CDMA system with a conventional PN sequence.


The utility model discloses glass wastewater treatment equipment, which relates to the field of environment protection projects and comprises a glass wastewater purifying system and a recycled water reusing system. In the glass wastewater purifying system, glass wastewater flows through a regulating tank, a reaction tank, a settling tank, a middle tank, a filter, an ultrafiltration device, an ultrafiltration water tank, a reverse osmosis device and a reverse osmosis water tank sequentially to be purified and enter a purified water tank. In the recycled water reusing system, the middle tank, the reverse osmosis water tank and the purified water tank are respectively provided with a recycled water reusing pump outside. The glass wastewater treatment equipment can be used for thoroughly purifying glass wastewater while reusing recycled water during glass wastewater treatment.


The post-anaesthestic care unit (PACU) bed escalation plan was first introduced into the department in 2009. It aimed to improve: patient safety, health care service delivery and the patient's journey throughout their perioperative service. The PACU, which once comprised postsurgical rest stations now comprises short-term ICUs.