Biomaterials of ceramics are useful as implant materials in orthopedic surgery. In this study, porous HA(hydroxyapatite)/β-TCP(tricalcium phosphate) composite biomaterials were successfully fabricated using HA/βTCP powders with 10-30wt% NH4HCO3 as a space holder (SH), 2wt%TiH2 as a foaming agent (FA) and as binder of 1wt% MgO powder. The HA/β-TCP powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process at 1000 °C under 20MPa pressure. The effect of SH content on the pore size and distribution of the HA/β-TCP composite was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-focus X-ray computer tomorgraphy system(SMX225CT). These microstructure observations revealed that the volume fraction of pores increased with increasing SH content. The pore size of the HA/β-TCP composites is about 400-500μm. The relative density of the porous HA/βTCP composite increased with decreasing SH content. The porous HA/β-TCP composite fabricated with 30%SH exhibited similar elastic modulus to cortical bone, but compression strength of this composite is higher than that of cortical bone.


In this paper, theoretical model of Lband EDFA is presented; some Lband EDFA experimental data are also given. Analysis shows that theoretical data conform with the experimental results.


Optimization design and test investigation of a squirrel cage elastic support was performed.An optimization software,which is used to achieve structure parameters optimization of squirrel cage elastic support of an engine,was developed based on the genetic algorithms and MATLAB.The test of flexibility and stress was accomplished.The results indicate that the fatigue stress is decreased to approximately 40% of the original scheme,the errors between the optimization and test results are less than 6%,so the optimization design is validated.


Purpose:Tissue mimicking phantoms have been the primary tools employed by physicists for Ultrasound equipment acceptance and quality control programs. Recently, a new device has become commercially available that allows physicists, clinical engineers and service personnel the ability to ascertain the level of performance for ultrasound probes, based upon interrogation of individual elements. This provides an additional tool for the physicist to use in evaluating the performance of ultrasound equipment. Course Description: The first part of this course will discuss probe testing. Why probe testing is important and the ways in which defects in probes may affect ultrasoundimage quality. The device and how the results of the test can be interpreted will be presented. The second part of the course will present the use of this device as part of a clinical quality control program. This will include the use of phantoms and the device in an integrated fashion to provide valid acceptance testing and ongoing verification of system performance. Educational Objectives: 1. The impact of transducer probe defects on image quality and Doppler ultrasound 2. How testing of individual probes elements can be performed 3. Interpretation of test results for probes 4. How to set up a program of Ultrasound QA/QC using phantoms and probe testing devices Conflict of Interest: Wayne Moore is employed by Sonora Medical.


The invention discloses a state detection device for an alternating current fuse. The state detection device comprises a detection sampling circuit, a rectification filter circuit and a constant current source circuit which are connected in series sequentially. The detection sampling circuit comprises a transformer and an RC (resistor-capacitor) protective circuit, wherein the primary side of the transformer is connected in parallel with two ends of the fuse, and the secondary side of the transformer is connected with the rectification filter circuit. A blocking capacitor is arranged between the primary side of the transformer and the fuse, one end of the RC protective circuit is connected with the primary side of the transformer, and the other end of the RC protective circuit is connected with a thyristor in a rectifier bridge arm. According to the state detection device disclosed by the invention, the transformer is used for transmitting alternating current voltage, generated after the fuse blows out, to the secondary side of the transformer; after being rectified and filtered, the alternating current voltage is accessed to the constant current source circuit; the constant current source circuit is utilized to drive a relay coil to be pulled in, a relay contact is enabled to output a fuse state signal which is needed by an outer system; and consequently, the state detection of fuses of any alternating current voltage level can be realized as long as the transformer ratio is adjusted, and the application range is wide.


Abstract. Nonparaxial diffractive lenses are without the "spherical" (aperture) aberration for two prespecified conjugate points on the axis. The distribution of zones is characteristic for each location of conjugate points. The existing relations for calculation of zone distribution by the relation for two prespecified conjugate points located in finite distances and the spherically curved substrate of the lens is completed. The relation has been reduced to a compact and simple form.


Introduction: In recent geologic history, as a result of the angular separation of the lunar polar axis remaining less than ~1.59 relative to the normal of the ecliptic plane [2] sub-solar latitudes have remained low maintaining a perpetual shadow in many crater interiors at the poles for millions, possibly billions of years. These characteristics persuaded Watson [3] to postulate that any volatiles on the lunar surface might well get cold-trapped within these permanently shadowed regions (PSR). Many have examined this possibility with a varying array of instrumentation and methods and achieved varying degrees of success attempting to prove water could be present in these regions (e.g., [4-9]). However, it was not until recent additional corroborative observations by M, VIMS, HRI-IR, LAMP, LCROSS, as well as Sband radar measurements by the Mini-SAR were presented that more comprehensive evidence confirmed the presence of OH/H2O at the Moon's poles [10-15]. Siegler et al. [16] and Schorghofer and Taylor [17] have suggested that many PSRs may be too cold to enable volatiles enough mobility to move downward into the regolith for cold-trap capture; leaving only a space weathering driven surficial volatile mobility regime [18-20]. If non-thermal loss processes (e.g. cosmic rays, Lyman-alpha light) are more efficient than burial processes, ice will not concentrate in the subsurface. It remains unclear if non-thermal burial will be fast enough to bury ice at the rate it is supplied to the lunar cold traps. However, recently discovered PSRs outside the immediate vicinity of the lunar polar regions (as low as ±58°) may be more optimal for temperature driven volatile mobility, trapping, and storage [1] (Fig. 1). These areas, labeled "lunar permafrost" by Paige et al. [21], or optimistically "ice traps" by Siegler et al. [16] would exceed the 100 K maximum temperature generally used to define cold traps [17, 22, 23]. Previous thermal stability modeling suggests that these regions may be efficient ice collectors even when mean temperatures exceed 150 K. Here we begin an examination of polar and non-polar PSRs to characterize their physical and thermal properties at varying latitudinal conditions for a greater understanding of volatile stability in lunar PSRs. Methodology: Lighting— We leverage the lighting maps constructed by McGovern et al. [1] which precisely simulate lunar illumination conditions to locate PSRs in each hemisphere from pole to ±58 using a merged LOLA and LROC WAC stereo DTM [1, 24, 25]. With their locations well established, here we begin to characterize them for temperature and radar surface scattering properties at varying distances from the poles. A more explicit explanation of how these maps are constructed and Figure 1: Total percentage area in permanent shadow by latitude [1].


Beamforming using uniform circular arrays of microphones can be used, e.g., for localization of environmental noise sources and for conferencing. The performance depends strongly on the characteristics of the array, for instance the number of transducers, the radius and whether the microphones are mounted on a scatterer such as a rigid cylinder or a sphere. The beamforming output improves with increasing frequency, up to a certain frequency where spatial aliasing occurs. At low frequencies the performance is limited by the radius of the array; in other words, given a certain number of microphones, an array with a larger radius will perform better than a smaller array. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the array at low frequencies without modifying its physical characteristics. This is done by predicting the sound pressure at a virtual and larger concentric array. The propagation of the acoustic information captured by the microphones to the virtual array is based on acoustic holography. The predicted pressure is then used as input of the beamforming procedure. The combination of holography and beamforming for enhancing the beamforming output at low frequencies is examined with computer simulations and experimental results.


The current study analyzed the feasibility and outcome of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for treatment of brain metastases from breast carcinoma.


Abstract Ezo epiyessoense, a new parasitic genus and species of Lithophylloideae, and its host Lithophyllum yessoense are described. The parasitic plants are small, colourless, develop host-penetrating haustoria and, compared to their hosts, possess smaller conceptacles, slightly smaller cells and thinner epithallia. However, E. epiyessoense and L. yessoense are alike in having single-layered hypothallia and secondary pits. Also, the reproductive structures are quite similar. It is suggested that E. epiyessoense is an adelphoparasite, as is the melobesioid parasite Kvaleya epilaeve.


Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of the water molecule (18O/16O and 2H/1H) are by their nature excellent tracers of the physical processes affecting water such as evaporation, condensation, snow melting and mixing of waters of different origin [4, 9]. Isotope methods were introduced into catchment hydrology research in the 1960s as complementary tools to conventional hydrological methods for addressing questions such as the fate of precipitation, its pathway to the stream and its residence time in the catchment [19]. Measurements of the isotopic composition of water sources coupled with river discharge data can provide insight into the effects of basin-integrated hydroclimate forcing on water cycling. The water in a river originates from different surface (recent precipitation) and subsurface (groundwater) sources, and its isotopic composition is determined by contributions from each of them, with their individual isotopic signatures. Studies of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in rivers and their tributaries have many applications, such as identification of the source(s) of water and assessment of their mixing proportions [24], and estimation of evaporation losses [16]. The River Sava Basin is located between the southern edges of the Alps, North-Eastern part of the Dinaric Mountains and the Southern part of the Pannonian lowland; it is shared by five states, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. The Sava represents the North-Western boundary of the Balkan Peninsula and connects three European capitals: Ljubljana (Slovenia), Zagreb (Croatia), and Belgrade (Serbia). As the Danube's longest right-hand Distribution of stable isotopes in the River Sava in Serbia Nada R. Miljević, Dušan D. Golobočanin, Milica L. Nadeždić, Nives Ogrinc


Herein, a liquid‐assisted grain growth (LGG) mechanism for a vacuum‐processed Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 (CZTSSe) absorber that is enabled by the presence of a liquid phase containing predominantly Cu, Sn, and Se (L‐CTSe) is suggested to explain the large grain size of up to ≈6 µm obtained at low temperatures, such as 480 °C. In this system, LGG plays a key role in achieving a large grain CZTSSe absorber, but the residual L‐CTSe, a key factor in LGG, deteriorates the device performance. L‐CTSe residue can possibly remain when using metal precursors for reasons such as local composition nonuniformity due to the agglomeration of Cu–Sn alloys, uncontrolled Zn volatilization. It is expected that CZTSSe cells with L‐CTSe residues have lower efficiency and fill factor than CZTSSe cells without L‐CTSe due to the role of L‐CTSe as a shunt path and compositional misfit. These tendencies are observed in the statistical results. Thus, when synthesizing CZTSSe using a metal precursor in a two‐step process, it is considered important to design the precursors to remove unwanted L‐CTSe residues and optimization of composition.


In this paper, we address the problem of estimating a rapidly-varying channel in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To handle rapid variation within a transmission block, we propose a novel pilot-based estimation scheme which uses channel interpolation. In addition, we develop a simple Doppler frequency estimation scheme. We show that the proposed scheme has better performance in the high-Doppler frequency by simulations.


Objective:This study aims to investigate preventive intravenous infusion of phenylephrine prevent harmful effects when parturient women were given oxytocin intravenously for cesarean section in spinal anesthesia on maternal hemodynamics.Methods:60healthy pregnant women scheduled for caesarean section with spinal anesthesia were randomized into two equal groups(P and C,n=30).Patients in both groups receive 10IU oxytocin intravenous injection and 10IU(0.9% sodium chloride injection 100ml)continuous intravenous administration.After infant delivery.Patients in group P(the phenylephrine group)receive 30μg phenylephrine intravenous injection before the oxytocin receive,and were given 10IU oxytocin intravenous injection,meanwhile,continual infuse of the 30~50μg/min phenylephrine(200μg+0.9% sodium chloride injection 20ml)was performed with the infuse pump.Patients in group C(the control group)are not received any preventive vasoconstrictor.If severe hypotension occurr after receive oxytocin intravenous injection,patients in group P will receive 30~50μg therapeutic phenylephrine intravenous injection and receive 50~100μg in group C.The SBP,changes of heart rate,and the side-effect incidence rate of hypotension,hypertension,tachycardia,bradycardia,and vomiting and the phenylephrine.Using condition were recorded in all parturient women.Results:Patients in group P after the intravenous injection of oxytocin were no hypotension,tachycardia,and bradycardia,but hypertension occurred in 2cases(6%).The incidence of hypotension,tachycardia,nausea and vomiting,and the usage rate of treatment of phenylephrine significantly decreased(P0.01)in the control group compared with the phenylephrine group.Conclusion:Hypotension and heartbeat tachycardia,which are induced by intravenous injection of oxytocin for cesarean section in spinal anesthesia can be effectively prevented when treated with preventive intravenous infusion of phenylephrine.


Purpose: At present, the hemoglobin count is one of the most commonly performed clinical laboratory tests in the emergency department. However, the conventional method is invasive and permits only intermittent assessments. The aim of this study was to determine whether non-invasive hemoglobin measurements (SpHb) produce comparably accurate results to laboratory hemoglobin tests (tHb) in patients presented to the emergency department. Methods: From May to July 2009, 217 patients who required hemoglobin tests after presenting to the emergency department of a hospital were enrolled. We measured hemoglobin values using the conventional method (tHb), and the non-invasive method (SpHb). The study population was classified into two groups: `non-bleeding` and `bleeding`. The concordance between tHb and SpHb was analyzed by the Pearson`s correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 217 data pairs were collected from 217 subjects, 193(88.9%) non-bleeding patients, 24(11.1%) bleeding patients. A total of 114 subjects were male (52.5%). The Pearson`s correlation coefficient between tHb and SpHb was 0.814(p=0.000). In the `non-bleeding` and `bleeding` groups, the Pearson`s correlation coefficients between tHb and SpHb were 0.779(p=0.000) and 0.788(p=0.000) respectively. Conclusion: Non-invasive SpHb measurement provides clinically acceptable accuracy compared to the conventional laboratory method (tHb) in the setting of the emergency department.


Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) were established in the country in a phased under the recovery of debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993. DRTs were established to expedite recovery from non-performing assets (NPAs) in case of Banks and Financial Institutions (FIs). Even though initially DRTs were quite effective but over the years their effectiveness has reduced. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of DRTs in terms of recovery percentage and disposal time. An attempt has also been made to find the deficiencies in DRTs which are affecting their effectiveness and give recommendation for addressing the same. The study has relied on primary data as well secondary data from 2011-2019. The secondary data has been collected from DRT website and RBI publications. The study has concluded that DRTs have not remained an effective mechanism for recovery of NPAs. It has identified the deficiencies in DRTs affecting their effectiveness and given suggestions for improving the same.


Problems of global asymptotic stabilization and disturbance attenuation are addressed for a class of highly nonlinear systems that are comprised of a lower dimensional zero-dynamics subsystem and a chain of power integrators perturbed by a nontriangular vector field. It is shown in this paper that global stabilization and disturbance attenuation are solvable by smooth state feedback if one takes full advantage of the characteristics of the system in the feedback design to dominate the nonlinearity rather than to cancel it. A systematic design procedure which is based upon, but generalizes, the recent technique of adding a power integrator is developed for the explicit construction of the smooth controllers. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the key features of the proposed nonlinear control schemes.


A social media is a mediator for communication among people. It allows user to exchange information in a useful way. Twitter is one of the most popular social networking services, where the user can post and read the tweet messages. The tweet messages are helpful for biomedical, research and health care fields. The data are extracted from the Twitter. The Twitter data cannot classify directly since it has noisy information. This noisy information is removed by preprocessing. The plain text is classified into health and non-health data using CART algorithm. The performance of classification is analyzed using precision, error rate and accuracy. The result is compared with the Naive Bayesian and the proposed method yields high performance result than the Naive Bayesian. It performs well with the large data set and it is simple and effective. It yields high classification accuracy and the resulting data could be used for further mining.


The K-mean clustering algorithm was implemented to find the PCB defects. Special procedure for image comparison was developed. Clustering helps not to notice small shifting and deviation of routine paths and contacts sizes and coordinates.


We present the KNOWNET project, which aims to develop a methodology for deploying social networking technology within the supply chain. We discuss the motivation for the project, and how social networks can be used to enhance and improve the decision making process and system monitoring in a modern enterprise. We present the architecture of the software framework we develop for our study.


A seedcorn maggot soil insecticide test plot was established in the Johnston Farm, 1 mile south of Ames, IA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Thirty ft seed furrows, spaced 40 in apart, were opened with modified cultivator sweeps. A meat and bone meal bait was placed in the furrow (1.5 qt/30 ft) and watered daily from Apr 28 to May 4. Corn was hand planted (6-in spacing) and insecticides were applied May 5. Granules were applied in the furrow or as a 7 in band with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on a bicycle applicator. Liquids were banded with a self-contained small plot sprayer. All materials were manually incorporated by raking. Seedcorn maggot feeding was evaluated May 27-28, when plant emergence was complete. Two, 1-meter trenches 10-cm deep were dug in each treatment and the soil was examined for larvae, pupae, and damaged seeds. All seedcorn maggot larvae and pupae in each sample were recorded, percent damaged seeds was calculated, and a 1/1000 acre stand count was taken in each row.


In Social Sciences literature there is general agreement on the core features of social exclusion, its principles indicators, and the way it relates to poverty and inequality. Social exclusion is the denial of equal opportunities imposed by certain groups of society up on others which leads to inability of an individual to participate in the basic political, economic and social functioning of the society. Two defining characteristics of exclusion are particularly relevant, namely, the deprivation caused through exclusion (or denial of equal opportunity) in multiples spheres –showing its multidimensionality. Second feature is that, it is embedded in the societal relations, and societal institutions - the process through which individuals or groups are wholly or partially excluded from full participation in the society in which they live. It recognizes the diverse ways in which social exclusion can cause deprivation and poverty. Consequences of exclusion thus, depend crucially on the functioning of social institutions, and the degree to which they are exclusionary and discriminatory in their consequences. Social exclusion has sizable impact on an individual's access to equal opportunity if social interactions occurs between groups in power/subordinate relationship. The groups focus thus recognized the importance of social relations in the analysis of poverty and inequality.


Botnets are widely believed to be the most serious danger to the Internet. Most recent research on botnet detection focuses on centralized botnets and primarily relies on two assumptions: prior knowledge of potential C&C channels and capability of monitoring them. However, when botnets switch to a P2P (peer-to-peer) structure and utilize multiple protocols for C&C, the above assumptions no longer hold. Consequently, the detection of P2P botnets is more difficult. In this paper, we relax the above two assumptions and focus on C&C channel detection for P2P botnets that use multiple protocols (randomly chosen) for C&C. We first consider a clustering based node behavior profiling approach to capture the node behavior clusters in a network; we then propose two detection schemes using formal statistical tests on popular behavior clusters in this network. In brief, we detect C&C behavior by measuring its impact on one or more normal behavior clusters in a statistical way. In the initial evaluations, we validate the assumptions made in this paper under different real user traces from enterprise network environments. We then evaluate the proposed approaches to detect the C&C channel in both simple and realistic cases and achieve encouraging results in terms of high detection and low false positive rates.


Supercontinuum (SC) generation is demonstrated in a photonic crystal fibre (PCF) at 1550 nm with pulse widths of 0.3 to 2.5 ps. Subsequent band-pass filtering of the generated SC spectrum enables the realisation of an optical clock frequency translator continuously tunable up to the L-band.


A radio-frequency (RF) intensity-modulated light source at 532 nm was built for underwater ranging. The intensity of a narrow-linewidth laser at 1064 nm was modulated via a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator. The modulation frequency could be tuned from 10 MHz to 2.1 GHz. The intensity-modulated light was amplified via a 2-stage laser diode-pumped Yb3+ doped large-mode-area fiber amplifier. A 15 mm long magnesium oxide doped periodically-poled lithium niobate (MgO: PPLN) nonlinear crystal was used to convert the 1064 nm light into 532 nm light via frequency doubling. The maximum output power at 532 nm was 2.56 W, the highest efficiency from the fundamental to second harmonic generation (SHG) was 22.6%. The watt level 532 nm light source was applied in underwater ranging experiments. Frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) was applied to retrieve the distances of the objects to the transmitter in a water tank. When the modulation frequency was tuned from 10 MHz to 200 MHz, we obtained ranging accuracy better than 5 cm and ranging resolution smaller than 0.5 cm at 8.6 attenuation length. Two objects spacing by 0.8 m could be resolved simultaneously. The attenuation length at which the object could be detected was limited by the sensitivity of the silicon photodetector. Moreover, we did not use the full bandwidth of the modulation since the lock-in amplifier adopted for data processing had a bandwidth of 200 MHz. Both ranging distance and resolution can be improved if a photomultiplier tube and a high-speed data sampling board were used. Nevertheless, the experimental results showed that the watt level, broadband intensity modulated light source has great potential in underwater detection in terms of ranging accuracy and resolution.


This paper analyzes the reasons of hydraulic imbalance and heating-power imbalance of looped network,and puts forward some methods for regulating the hydraulic and heating-power working conditions of looped network respectively.


As an encryption for wireless communication, a physically secured wireless communication configuration which deduces ANDed data decrypted by coherent detection between two wireless data streams was proposed. As a feasibility experiment, the demonstration of coherent detection between two carriers was conducted by both optical and THz carriers. Experimental results testified the principle of our proposed encryption function.


A researcher carried out a study about gradient temperature and heat flow in the field of regional area of solfatara Ijen Banyuwangi Regency, East Java province, Indonesia. It is according to the temperature from the surface to about 100 cm deep, while making use of thermocouples with the accuracy of ± 0.5 % and ± 1 °C. Coordinate position measurements using a Garmin GPS device. This research aims to study the distribution of the temperature at any given depth, which is the gradient of temperature at a depth of 2000 m and the value of heat transfer through conduction. Temperature distribution of the depth contour, there are zones with high-temperature, and they increase along with the increase in depth. The gradient of temperature is 35 °C m−1 at a depth of 2000 meters generates 175.6 °C. The maximum heat flow value is always obtained in the presence of sulfur, while the average heat flow of solfatara on the field is 21.08 W m−2.


Bipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted considerable interest for realizing complementary-like organic integrated circuits, which operate with low power dissipation, wide noise margins, and great operational stability. [1] However, until recently, there have been few reports on achieving bipolar OFET operation. A main challenge is the efficient injection of both charge carriers. [1] For most organic semiconductors, the ionization potential (the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level) has the same order of magnitude as the work functions, f , of the usually used metal electrodes (for example, for Au f (cid:1) 5.2 eV). As a result, the barrier for hole injection is small, but the barrier for electron injection is large, such that the device cannot exhibit n-type operation. Doping or defect accommodation on the surface of an organic semiconductor probably further alters the barrier for carrier injection, especially for electrons. Using narrow-band-gap semiconductors, low-work-function metals, or asymmetric electrodes can reduce the injection barriers. [2] However, the number of the narrow-band-gap organic semiconductors is very limited. There are still few metals of which the work functions match with the electron affinity (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level) of organic semiconductors. Further, these metals are generally unstable (e.g., Ca and Mg). The deposition of the asymmetric electrodes is relatively complex. Therefore, it is difficult for researchers to find really effective ways to solve this problem. Another challenge for the realization of bipolar transport is the trapping of one or both carriers. [1] For example, electrons are likely to be trapped by impurities, moisture, oxygen, or the hydroxyl groups of the dielectric


retardation, and bulbar/pseudobulbar signs. The recent study showed that these clinical symptoms and signs may vary according to age at onset and GFAP mutation site. This study by Prust et al. includes a review of 218 cases, includ ing 30 new cases of Alexander disease, with evidence suggesting that early age of onset (often before 4 years) is frequently asso ciated with seizures, macrocephaly, encephalopathy, paroxysmal deterioration, or failure to thrive. However, only a few studies emphasizes in distinguishing a neonatal form of Alexander disease from early onset type where specific clinical symptoms exhibit during neonatal period. The neonatal form can be distinguished from others by frequent intractable seizures in A Neonatal Form of Alexander Disease Presented with Intractable Seizures and Obstructive Hydrocephalus


tions serving blind and visually impaired persons in the United States. In July 2012, Mr. Robinson will replace Steven K. Hegedeos, who is retiring as executive director after more than 10 years of service. Mr. Robinson is a business consultant and wealth advisor based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, who has spent the past three years as director of the council's Board. During his term as a Board member, he served as treasurer, on-site accreditation reviewer, chair of the Development Committee, and member of the Executive Committee. In addition, Mr. Robinson is the former chief financial officer of National Linen Service. For more information, contact: National Accreditation Council for Blind and Low Vision Services, 7017 Pearl Road, Middleburg Heights, OH 44130; phone: 440545-1601; web site: www.nacasb.org .


World change,innovation not change,Independent innovation will always not have end.This paper will discuss that problem of the "War Game"technology continuously sublimation in the Independent innovation.This paper total of two part : review the history development and some heat point in Independent innovation.


The following article presents an approach to the nature of power and the way in which it is exercised in contemporary society, with the aim of bringing some clarification about this subject. Besides, it is discussed the type of the existing relationship between power and political authority.


The approach to corporative distance education systems development is considered in the paper. One of the task of research is E-Learning 1.0 and 2.0 technologies integration including the ideas of pedagogical and interactive design application for distance education system development. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the distance education generations, tendencies of their development, as well as researched corporative education implementation goals. To achieve all these goals, a corporate training system should be based on a deep, comprehensive and regular training requirements analysis. On the base on these researches authors developed a model of the fractal competence architecture that implements the principle of self-similar structure of all elements of multivariate training system and corporate educational requirements. This model has been applied in the corporative distance education automated system development using virtual multimedia learning tools.


Most inconsistency estimation approaches depend on historical inhomogeneity sensor data that might not be practicable in real-time application because the battery voltage dynamics are non-linear characteristics according to the various internal and external condition such as cell-to-cell's configuration, initial state, etc. To overcome this problem, the state ob-server requires the integrated approaches that consider minimi-zation method considering degradation process and measured data. In this paper, the iteration model with various parameters that affect the over-discharge to cell in the battery, and the cell-to-cell's parameters is identified using adaptive model and sen-sor fusion method for analyzing the influence of failure evaluation. To eliminate the effect of aging condition and reflect the uncertainty of battery voltage signal, the self-adaptive model is utilized to estimate the cell-to-cell SOC inconsistency. The theo-retical analysis is validated using experimental results in aspect of the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method


Abstract Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignancy and has a poor prognosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes are closely associated with the tumorigenesis and tumor development and yet are not well illustrated in BLCA. In this study, we downloaded SNP‐related data and transcriptome profiling of BLCA from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified high frequency mutation genes using Maftools package and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BLCA and normal bladder tissues by the Limma package. Then, the overlapping genes between high frequency mutation genes and DEGs were obtained by the Venn diagram tool. These overlapping genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, survival analysis and drug–gene interaction analysis. As a result, 33 overlapping mutant genes were obtained, which were enriched in multiple KEGG pathways (e.g. cellular senescence) and GO items (e.g. muscle organ development, costamere and actin binding). A significant gene module was constructed by PPI network analysis and included 12 hub genes (SYNE1, DMD, ATM, EP300, ANK2, LAMA2, FAT1, SRRM2, MACF1, TSC1, VCAN and RXRA). Moreover, ATM, RXRA, TSC1, DMD, EP300, LAMA2 and VCAN were drug targets. These findings provide important bioinformatics and theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of BLCA and exploring the detailed mechanisms of mutant genes in the disease.


In recent years, speech‐related behavioral markers such as spoken language and lexical preferences have been studied in the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While the combination of linguistic and acoustic signals has been shown to be effective in detecting MCI, they have generally been restricted to structured conversations in which the interviewee responds to fixed prompts. In this study, we propose a stratification scheme that proves to be effective in extracting quality linguistic and acoustic MCI markers in semi‐structured more natural conversational settings.


The author describes a number of principles which may be viewed as a guideline for working out of new educational standards.


From questions on page 106 .

The answer is (D), kerion. This is a manifestation of tinea capitis, ringworm of the scalp. It can occur in more severe cases and in the very young, resulting in a boggy mass on the scalp with loss of hair. Diagnosis can be difficult as potassium hydroxide preparations can be negative in the presence of such inflammation; culture is frequently needed to prove scalp infection. Treatment must be in the form of an oral antifungal drug …


In this paper, research on bond and anchorage of reinforcement in high strength concrete were reviewed. They were classified to three groups: research on bond capacity with splitting of surrounding concrete, bond deterioration of bars passing through beam-column joints and anchorage capacity of hooked bars in beam-column joints. A characteristic property of low tensile strength relative to the high compressive strength results in a small increase of bond and anchorage capacity if the failure mode is governed by concrete splitting. Transverse reinforcement is more important for high strength concrete. The effect of concrete strength is more for the bond which failed in concrete crushing or direct shearing at the interface, such as the bar passing through the joint. High compressive strength and high rigidity of stress-strain curve make the local bond-slip curve stiffer. Low sedimentation and low bleeding effects make the top bar effect small. By analyzing available research, bond and anchorage capacities were evaluated quantitatively for practical design use.


Purpose: Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major symptom is heat and cold sensation of body in various pattern. So, we are intended to study patterns of climacteric patients by using D.I.T.I. Methods: We studied 55 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st Janu...


The objective of this study is to determine the effects of kapalbhati pranayama on respiratory parameters. The study was conducted on 50 university level girls of Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar between the age group of 21-26 years (Mean ± SD: age 22.04 ± 1.63 yrs, height 5.41 ± 0.14 ft, body mass 60.88 ± 3.04 k). The subjects from experimental group were subjected to a 4-week training of kapalbhati pranayama. Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Significant differences were found in Tidal Volume (VT), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), Vital Capacity (VC) and Inspiratory Capacity (IC) in experimental group and insignificant between-group differences were noted in Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) of university level girls. The result further indicates that no significant changes over that 4- week period were noted in the control group.


Objective To explore the CT characteristics of primary lung canc er cavity. Methods CT findings of primary lung cancer cavities in 21 cases, proven by operation or pathology, were analyzed retrospectively. 15 males and 6 female s, with an average age of 49-years were enrolled in the study. Non-contrast en hanced CT scan was done in all patients, while additional contrast enhanced scan was performed in 11 patients out of 21.Results Solitary pulmonary cavity was fo und in all 21 cases. The cavity was commonly oval, averagely sized 31mm in diame ter. Most of the cavities (67%, 14/21)were slightly lobulated. The cavity has t hick wall in all cases and the wall was irregular in 81%(17/21) cases, which wa s significantly enhanced. The cavities are. Peri-cavity satellite nodules were revealed in 43%(9/21) cases. Conclusion There are some characteristic CT findin gs of lung cancer cavities, helpful in differentiating from other pulmonary cavi ties.


Inclusive ADRD research should consider social and structural forces as potential sources of cognitive reserve and resilience. Characterization of neuropathology is critical for cognitive reserve research, but few cohorts have AD biomarker data in concert with sufficient sample size, population representativeness, and multi‐level, lifecourse measurement of determinants that is necessary to contribute substantial or novel evidence for when and where to intervene. We partnered with participants in a population‐representative intergenerational study in NYC to determine whether parental socioeconomic status (PSES) buffers the association of plasma pTau181 concentrations with memory among middle aged adults, and whether moderation of neuropathology is similar across racialized and ethnic groups.


When we consider the wide geographical distribution of ty phoid fever, its endemic prevalence in many localities and fre quent epidemic outbreaks with destruction of life and damage to business in the communities affected, the importance of the problem of prophylaxis is forced upon us, and we realize the truth of the old saying, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound' of cure." With the rapid advances in medical science of recent years,especially along the line of bacteriology, the question of prevention of some of the most formidable diseases is no longer in its incipiency but is an accomplished fact. Yellow fever and malaria, the scourges of the South, are rapidly being eradicated with the destruction of the mosquito. But the causat've agent of ty phoid fever, the bacillus of Eberth, not being dependent upon the body of a host for existence, but being capable of living and some-


A 79 years–old male presented to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of an initial heart failure. He had an history of atrial fibrillation (AF), anaemia and thrombocytopaenia, which have never been deeply investigated, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Electrocardiogram (EKG) showed AF with normal ventricular rate and low peripherical QRS voltages. Laboratory testing was significant for NT proBNPelevation, pancytopenia and iron overload. An echocardiogram (ECHO) was done showing a hypokinetic and dilated biventricular cardiopathy. The therapy was therefore optimized with clinical benefit. At coronary angiography a severe stenosis of left coronary artery was observed with normal myocardial perfusion imaging. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) excluded an iron intramyocardial overload (in contrast to the hepatic and splenic parenchyma) and detected a subendocardial pattern of LGE at lateral and mid–basal septal area. Emochromatosis and Gaucher disease were excluded. As suggested by hematologists, he underwent osteomedullary biopsy (OMB) and a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was diagnosed. He was still symptomatic for dyspnea on mild exertion. The following ECHO revealed normal left ventricular (LV) size with moderate concentric remodeling, mildly impaired LV systolic function and LV filling pattern suggestive of restrictive cardiomyopathy. All these data prompted suspicion for an infiltrative cardiopathy. Nuclear scintigraphy with the use of bone seeking agent was done and showed Perugini grade 2 cardiac uptake. Moreover, amyloid deposits were identified after Congo red–staining from OMB. immunoglobulin light chain (LA) amyloidosis was excluded.

 based on the above findings, Cardiac Amyloidosis TTR–related wild type was diagnosed. The diagnosis of MDS and the identification of iron overload were incidental findings. The patient, currently in follow up at our center, is a candidate to Tafamidis.


The African mahogany is native from Africa and was introduced in Brazil in the 1970s as a replacement for the Brazilian mahogany. We have observed that plants aged two years showed signs of attacks in the leaves in a planting located in Rio Manso, which is a city of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found two species of mites, Mononychellus sp. and Oligonychus sp., both of the Tetranychidae family. The observed injuries were: wavy leaves, tanning, decreased leaf area and darkening of leaves. This work is the first registration of Mononychellus sp. and Oligonychus sp. mites in K. ivorensis plantations in Brazil.


Introduction: Faced with the pandemic of the new coronavirus and governmental guidelines to avoid population overcrowding, some contingency strategies were adopted to promote a reduction in the flow of users within basic health units (UBS). Objective: To assess the impact of changes in pharmaceutical care at UBS 4 of Recanto das Emas - DF. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study that analyzed the consumption of psychotropic drugs at UBS 4 in Recantos das Emas in the months of April and May 2020, considering indicators of pharmaceutical assistance, such as the average monthly consumption and the number of visits related to these drugs. Results: Of the 25 drugs evaluated, 16 showed a variation in their consumption profile. However, only chlorpromazine oral solution 40 mg / ml and nortriptyline 25 mg and phenobarbital oral solution 40 mg / ml had a significant consumption change. Conclusion: In general, there was no great impact on the consumption profiles of psychotropics in the evaluated period.


Depending on the context, there is a difficulty for mothers between 25 and 35 years when carrying and dealing with baby care products during outdoor activities essential for the physiological needs of an infant between 0 and 2 years old, limited to alimentation, hygiene, and sleep. This graduation project is oriented towards designing a product that reduces the baby care Items organization time through a strategic distribution, in order to assist the child's needs rapidly.


Biocriminological theories have been in existence for hundreds of years. Contemporary research in the field is aided by scientific and technological advances, but continues to suffer from methodological problems and continues to focus solely on street crime and delinquency, ignoring white collar crime and white collar criminals. This narrowness targets the poor and disenfranchised in society while ignoring criminals with the means and education to commit white collar crimes. The end result is that biocriminological theories tend to support racist and classist stereotypes. Integrating these theories into mainstream criminology remains problematic.


In order to light energy resource development and utilization of light resources,the trend and characteristics of light resources in Jianchang in recent 50 years were analyzed by using conventional statistical method.The results showed that Jianchang light energy resources belonged to the rich region.The annual sunshine hours with 80% guarantee rate was 2650 h and that in spring,summer,autumn and winter with 80% guarantee rate were 750,685,660 and 585 h respectively.The linear sequence correlation coefficient of the annual,seasonal,monthly sunshine hours in Jianchang passed highly significant test.The climate trend rate was less than 0,showing a decreasing trend.The climate "jump" occurred during 1984-1985.The years before the jump(1960-1984) was a decreased reduction stage.The years after the jump(1985-2009) changed stably.In recent 50 years,the annual sunshine hours had a trend of decreasing 553 h.That had the trends of decreasing 133 h(spring),181 h(summer),105 h(autumn),128 h(winter).Among the months,the decreasing trend was the most obvious in June and July.


Pulveres (divided powder) is powder which is divided into (more or less) the
same weight and is packed using a single dose package. Based on the survey done
in some community health centers in the middle area of Banjarnegara regency, the
compounded product which is mostly found is pulveres (puyer). The compounded
product is considered to have good quality if the stability remains unchanged and
is free from microbial contamination. Therefore, a competent pharmacist is needed.
This research examined these physical stability and microbial contamination of
pulveres compounded product. Samples were taken from 10 community health
centers in the middle area of Banjarnegara regency. The physical stability tests that
were done were organoleptic test, homogeneity test, and rendemen test. The
descriptive observation result of the organoleptic, homogeneity and rendemen test
indicates that the pulveres product did not undergo stability reduction each day.
While the microbial contamination test was done based on Total Plate Number
(TPC) and Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC). The microbial limit acceptance
criterion permitted for non-sterile product of non-aqueous oral usage stated in
aerobic plate count is 103 CFU/g or CFU/ml and in yeast and mold count is 102
CFU/g or CFU/ml. Based on the observation result of microbial contamination, it
showed a good result for all community health centers which means that it meets
the permitted criterion of the microbial limit acceptance.


Prior information regarding subsurface spatial patterns may be used in geophysical inversion to obtain realistic subsurface models. Field experiments require prior information with sufficiently diverse patterns to accurately estimate the spatial distribution of geophysical properties in the sensed subsurface domain. A variational autoencoder (VAE) provides a way to assemble all patterns deemed possible in a single prior distribution. Such patterns may include those defined by different base training images and also their perturbed versions, for example, those resulting from geologically consistent operations such as erosion/dilation, local deformation, and intrafacies variability. Once the VAE is trained, inversion may be done in the latent space which ensures that inverted models have the patterns defined by the assembled prior. Gradient‐based inversion with both a synthetic and a field case of cross‐borehole GPR traveltime data shows that using the VAE assembled prior performs as good as using the VAE trained on the pattern with the best fit, but it has the advantage of lower computation cost and more realistic prior uncertainty. Moreover, the synthetic case shows an adequate estimation of most small‐scale structures. The absolute values of wave velocity are computed by assuming a linear mixing model which involves two additional parameters that effectively shift and scale velocity values and are included in the inversion.


The rhetorical problem of concretizing the ideal is explored via the relationship between form and fact in Richard Weaver's theory of truth. The investigation reveals that reliance on analogic form permits Weaver's arguments to function externally as if empirically grounded and internally in the analytic fashion of logico‐mathematical reasoning. Explication of Weaver's rhetorical method suggests that analogic structure, example, and analogy are fundamental ways of rhetorical knowing.


In this paper, we generalize the classical duplication of intervals in lattices. Namely, we deal with partial duplication instead of complete convex subsets. We characterize those subsets that guarantee the result to still be a lattice. Moreover, we show that semi-distributive and extremal lattices can be encompassed by such construction where classical duplication fails.


Were isolated from effluent wastewater treatment system six strains of green microalgae identified as Desmodesmus sp. L02, Chlorococcum sp. L04, Coccomyxa sp. L05, Chlorella sp. L06, Scenedesmus sp. L08 and Tetradesmus sp. L09. They were culturing in autoclaved UASB effluent ( EFA ) under laboratory conditions to determine the survival potential of inoculated in natural UASB effluent ( EFN ) to biochemistry characterization the microalgal biomass and removal of nutrients in effluent treatment plants, mainly phosphorus and nitrogen. Among the isolated Chlorella sp. L06, presented the survival percent in EFN greater than 90% for ten days of culturing. On the other hand, Desmodesmus sp. L02 had the lowest percentage, not exceeding 1,8% after 24 hours of inoculation. Dried biomass of isolates showed average 28,7% total proteins, 15,4% total lipids and 14,8% of total carbohydrates. The isolate Chlorococcum sp. L04 showed a mean total carbohydrates equal to 29,3 %. After removal of biomass with addition of 250 mg/L of aluminum sulfate was observed removal 59,2% and 93% of nitrogen, and 79,1 and 95,4% phosphorus in EFA for isolated Desmodesmus sp. L02 and Tetradesmus sp . L09, respectively.


Tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) is used to measure the micro-dose spectrum of ionizing radiation. Through changing tissue-equivalent gas pressure, TEPC can simulate the case of radiat...


Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a nontraditional machining process and it is used to machine hard material components, that are precise and difficult-to-machine such as heat treated tool steels. In die Sinking EDM When sparks are strikes to work piece the metal is heated up so much that it melts and remove the material. This study is focused on optimization of surface roughness on mat lab through genetic algorithm. Experimental data of surface roughness has been collect with five influence parameter such as pulse on time, duty cycle, current, voltage gap and pressure. Design of experiment was done by central composite design. Key terms: CCD, mat lab, surface roughness.


The chamber of commerce is a kind of organically institutions in the view of its origin, and it is running in the field of both the market failure and the government failure. Then according to the theory of collective choice, the enterprises will choose to make whether the private action or the collective action in the method of cost analysis. As a result, the boundary of the chamber of commerce, as a cooperatively voluntary action of enterprises, will be found.


Introduction 1. The Cinematic Apparatus and the Transcendental Subject 2. Re-thinking Representation: New Lines of Thought in Feminist Philosophy 3. Cinematic Assemblages: An Ethological Approach to Film-viewing 4. The Slasher Film: A Deleuzian Feminist Analysis 5. The Alien Series: Alien-Becomings, Human-Becomings 6. The Molecular Poetics of the Assemblage: Before Night Falls Conclusion: A Feminist Cinematic Assemblage Bibliography Index.


The development of practical applications of the magnetometer based on ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers has been impeded by the large size of the system. In this paper, we present an integrated and miniaturized magnetic field sensor with a volume of approximately 10 cm3. Compared to the previous design, with the fluorescence waveguide excitation and collection structure, both the optical excitation system and collection system are integrated into a compact device by combining the optical fiber, so that it can be a handheld sensing head. We demonstrated experimentally that this sensor head enables the optically detected magnetic resonance measurements with or without the external magnetic field. Subsequently, we verified that the magnetic-field sensitivity is approximately 67 , and projected the photon shot noise limited sensitivity to be 2.04 . This novel system has considerable performance regarding previous designs while greatly reducing dimensions.


The utility model relates to a low noise vehicle exhaust muffler. The low noise vehicle exhaust muffler comprises a preceding stage muffler and a main muffler, wherein, the preceding stage muffler comprises a first tube body, a preceding stage air intake pipe is arranged in the first tube body, silencing holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the preceding stage air intake pipe, and the main muffler is composed of a front end cover, a second tube body, a rear end cover, an air intake pipe, a middle pipe, an air outlet pipe, a first separating disc and a second separating disc, wherein, the first separating disc and the second separating disc are arranged in the second tube body, and the air intake pipe, the middle pipe and the air outlet pipe are arranged in the second tube body, silencing holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the air intake pipe between the first separating disc and the second separating disc, silencing holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the middle pipe between the first separating disc and the second separating disc, and silencing holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the air outlet pipe between the first separating disc and the second separating disc. The middle pipe is arranged in the main muffler in the utility model, glass fiber yarn is filled outside the middle pipe, the exhaust backpressure, the noise and the engine power loss are reduced; glass fiber yarn is also filled in the preceding stage muffler, and the noise is reduced.


Abstract A new approach is proposed to account for the geometric thermomechanical coupling in the large-displacement analysis of continua and articulated mechanical systems (AMS) subject to motion constraints. The approach accounts for the geometric coupling between temperature and deformation coordinates in both mechanical and heat equations and for the effect of motion constraints introduced using Lagrange-D'Alembert principle on the heat equation. The nonlinear dependence of the heat equations on the deformation coordinates is formulated using the current-configuration coordinates, arbitrarily complex reference-configuration geometry can be described, and multiplicative decomposition of the matrix of position-gradient vectors is used to systematically account for the stress-free thermal expansion in the absence of any motion restrictions. To this end, the finite element (FE) absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is used for the position interpolation, while temperature interpolation can be chosen to ensure continuity of the temperature and its spatial derivatives at the nodal points. The first-order-ordinary temperature differential equations can be solved simultaneously with the constrained AMS dynamic equations. New Cholesky-heat-coordinate transformation is used to define an identity coefficient matrix to solve efficiently for the heat-coordinate time derivatives. Because motion effect on temperature is considered, the proposed approach captures conversion of kinetic energy to heat energy and vice versa.


The tight-binding molecular dynamics simulation has been performed to study structural and dynamical properties of amorphous silicon. It is found that the radial distribution function and static structure factor are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The bond order parameters Ql are sensitive to the structure change at different quenching rates. For the dynamical properties, we have calculated the vibration and electronic density of states. The simulation results show that the transverse acoustic is in good agreement with the experimental data, and the high frequency transverse optical (TO) peak shifts to the right of the experimental TO peak.


Cyclic transport missions involving fleets of vehicles are common in quarry and mining operations and have shown to have a significant potential for energy optimization. Vehicles such as articulated haulers and dump trucks utilized in transport missions can be of different brand, type and have different performance characteristics such as engine power, traction and load. Vehicles may also be operated and owned by different organizations as they can be subcontracted to an operation. The transport operation characteristics include stochastic behaviors and activity times that fluctuate over time, and hence real-time control is required for efficient optimization. As the vehicles are mobile, wireless communication also needs to be available. As the constituent systems (vehicles) have managerial and operational independence, a system of systems approach is applicable. This paper provides an overview of the key characteristics and requirements for such a system and discusses the pros and cons of acknowledged and directed system architectures. Further, a case study is presented where an acknowledged system of systems is implemented in a real world mine and evaluated through a qualitative assessment of an operator assistive optimization system. Key findings include the drawbacks and characteristics of the architecture approaches. Further challenges and potential for automation and production control of a larger process system are described.


This paper shows the results of the SOS poles web characterization for the Vía Ruta del Sol Sector 3 (Colombia) project, in charge of the company Yuma concessionaire; the design of a preliminary architecture is defined through the implementation of electronics based on UMTS modems, for the communication of different way points with the Communications Control Center of the road concession. Positive results in telecommunications matter were obtained about the primary necessity of the concession to offer to the road users an emergency communication channel, proposing an architecture oriented to the use of compatible UMTS modems, based on low cost and intake, with a main cellular gateway located on the Yuma concessionaire Operation Control Center (CCO); this will allow the communication with the shift operators and the prompt attention to the reported emergencies in the road.


The Engineering Library at the University of Iowa conducted a project which consisted of reviewing metadata of engineering faculty publications in the Academic and Professional Records (APR), which is a locally branded faculty profile system. The challenge of the project was that there are thousands of records with erroneous or missing metadata, making it difficult to manually check Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and ISSN. Our strategy was to analyze the complete dataset, break it down into subsets with some common patterns and then focus on those subsets. The processes were conducted using Python. As a result, we prioritized records that have almost complete metadata but missing DOI and/or ISSN, retrieved DOI from PubMed and CrossRef online queries separately and added ISSN by matching journal titles or conference names with authorities. The implementation of Python can not only make the review process effective and efficient but also expand library services to the APR project. Background Faculty profile systems that capture and showcase faculty scholarly activities and accomplishments are emerging in many institutions. The platforms of faculty profile systems include commercial platforms such as Activity Insight's Digital Measures, Elsevier's Pure and Symplectic Elements and open-source platforms such as Profiles and VIVO [1]. During the trend, some university libraries have become actively involved in the implementation of faculty profile systems and expanded their roles in university leadership and stakeholders. For example, librarians from Duke University, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology recently reported use cases of implementation of Symplectic Elements at their home institutions and highlighted libraries' significant roles in the system adoption [1]. Like many other institutions, the University of Iowa has started migrating faculty information to Activity Insight's Digital Measures, locally branded as Academic and Professional Records (APR). The APR project is a collaborative initiative of the Office of the Provost, Information Technology Services and the University colleges to capture faculty information on teaching, research, grants, service, as well as records on professional accomplishments and interests. Since a record of publication would make a strong case for faculty excellence in scholarship especially for promotion and tenure, accuracy of publication records is significantly important. Since early 2017, the College of Engineering has steadily migrated their faculty data to the APR. The College of Engineering has 95 faculty members in five departments, including Biomedical Engineering, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Industrial and Mechanical Engineering. Upon request by the College of Engineering and the APR project leader, we were to review engineering faculty publication records shown in Figure 1 [2] to improve the quality of metadata, especially focusing on Digital Object Identifier (DOI), ISSN, PubMed ID (PMID) and PubMed Central ID (PMCID). Based on a rough evaluation of metadata quality, we realized that thousands of yet-to-beidentified records with erroneous and missing metadata would make a routine manual review time-consuming and costly. However, some libraries have implemented Python scripts in managing metadata for library resources. For example, the University of Minnesota Libraries used Python scripts to evaluate MARC record completeness for electronic books [3] and librarians at the University of Virginia utilized Python to perform quality control on MODS records for digital collections [4]. Both examples indicate that Python would increase efficiency in quality control of metadata. In consideration of the challenges we are facing, scripting with Python would be an appropriate approach over the manual approach. Figure 1: Faculty Publication Record User Interface in the APR


Field and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the relationship between foliar feeding damage caused by striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and yield of pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo L. (var. Spookie). In field trials in 1996 and 1997, plants were artificially infested with varying numbers of beetles at the cotyledon-, first-, second-, or third-leaf stages. At harvest, fruit number, fruit mass, and fruit maturity were evaluated. Foliar feeding damage had little effect on yield other than a slight increase in number of fruit per plant for plants with 1 to 20% damage. The stage of plant development at infestation had no effect on yield, nor did the interaction of foliar feeding damage and growth stage. In a laboratory trial, varying numbers of A. vittatum were allowed to feed for 1, 2, 3, or 4 d on plants at cotyledon-, first-, second-, or thirdleaf stages. For all stages, significant and differing positive linear relationships were observed when the percentage of foliar feeding damage was regressed against beetle-days. The results indicated that small fruited, vining pumpkins can tolerate relatively high levels of striped cucumber beetle feeding injury. Foliar feeding damage thresholds are conservatively estimated to be similar to 60% during cotyledon through third leaf stage of growth


AbstractA complete structural health monitoring system has been implemented on Aizhai Suspension Bridge for monitoring its health status and assessing its safety for long-term services. This system consists of nearly 112 sensors of various types, including four subsystems: automatic data collection subsystem, artificial maintenance management subsystem, early safety warning and comprehensive assessment subsystem, and centralized database management subsystem. The deployments and functions of this structural health monitoring system are first introduced in this paper. Then, a finite-element model updating method, which combines the substructure method with the response surface model updating method, is proposed to reconstruct the actual working state of this suspension bridge in the early safety warning and comprehensive assessment subsystem. In the remaining part, the temperature fields, strain responses, tension forces of the hangers, longitudinal displacements of the stiffening girder, and the meteorolo...


Influenza disease burden and economic impact data are needed to assess the potential value of interventions. Such information is limited from resource‐limited settings. We therefore studied the cost of influenza in Peru.


Abstract:  Background and aims:  In fulminant hepatic failure, the clinical use of bioartifical liver support with porcine hepatocytes is the subject of a controversial debate. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic functions have relevant implications for drug metabolism and detoxification. In this study, we investigate interspecies differences in CYP gene expression between human and porcine primary hepatocytes and the impact of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) exposition mimicking cytokine release in fulminant hepatic failure.


The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary methods to study the hybrid mean value involving Smarandache function and the greatest prime divisor function,and give an asymptotic formula.


This is a guest post by Debra Shinder. Cloud computing isn't just the Next Big Thing – it's already here and going strong, with more ...


CONTENTS: Preface; Lecture I: Managing the First Global Empire; Lecture II: The Messianic Vision of Philip II; Bibliographic Guide; Abbreviations; Notes.


by A. S. Gissen L-tryptophan had been commercially available in the United States for fifteen years until its recall by the Food and Drug Administration in late 1989. It is an essential, naturally occurring amino acid that is a precursor for serotonin biosynthesis. Since serotonin is a neurotransmitter implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders, dietary tryptophan supplementation has been investigated as a possible treatment for a number of conditions attributed to alterations of serotoninergic neurotransmission. These conditions include depression], aggression[2], obesity[3], hypertension[4], obsessive-compulsive disorder[5], and seasonal affective disorder[6]. Its widest use, however, was in the treatment of insomnia, where it was found to be effective in inducing sleepiness and sleep[7].


Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) is routinely used in the milk recording system and IR-based solutions are therefore attractive to ensure the full potential of genomic selection data in future breeding programs. Today, IR-based models can be used to predict a wide range of milk traits, and their genetic parameters. However, IR-predicted phenotypes for detailed milk composition are often based on their correlation to other traits in a given data set rather than on direct predictions. Here, genetic parameters for individual milk fatty acids were estimated based on either IR-predicted phenotypes or on fatty acids data measured from gas chromatography in 371 Danish Holstein cows. Results showed similar heritability estimates and strong genomic correlations for most of the fatty acids. However, for some fatty acids, the choice of data affected the genetic parameter estimation, which may be due to indirect calibration models.


The purpose of this master's dissertation was to determine the locomotor skills and abilities of a four-year old girl, who was, during the time of research, diagnosed as a child with a moderate speech and language disorder and a mild physical impairment. With the help of the instrument ABC movement, we monitored and evaluated the physical competence of the girl. We found out that the girl had locomotor problems in all areas of measurement (hand skills, skills with a ball, static and dynamic balance). Most of the problems were in the field of static and dynamic balance. We prepared an exercise program, which was implemented three to four times a week. After 30 meeting, we rechecked the locomotor skills and abilities of the girl. The exercise program is an integral part of the master's thesis.
We found progress in all areas of the measurement. The biggest improvement was in the quality of the movement, which is a reflection of the improvement of balance.


We consider partial lagrangian relaxations of continuous quadratic formulations of the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) where the assignment constraints are not relaxed. Applying the results of [3,4], these relaxations are a theoretical limit for semidefinite relaxations of the QAP using any linearized quadratic equalities made from the assignment constraints. Moreover, given any such semidefinite relaxation, the condition to reach the value of the corresponding partial lagrangian relaxation is presented in [3]. Since all the constant quadratic fonctions over an affine variety are known [3], we can use this framework to design and compare semidefinite relaxations. In particular, it is a simple way to prove that several well-known [1,2,5,6] semidefinite relaxations for the QAP are equivalent [7], although their numerical behavior is different and can depend on the solver used. This motivates the search for other efficient cuts in order to achieve stronger bounds. Besides, as noticed in [2], adding cuts can speed up the solving process. Hence, one can obtain a better bound without increasing the total computing time, although the number of constraints in the semidefinite relaxation is larger. This makes such cutting plane algorithms a promising approach to solve difficult instances of the QAP.

[1] S. Burer and D. Vandenbussche. Solving Lift-and-Project Relaxations of Binary Integer Programs. SIAM Journal on Optimization 16(3):726-750, 2006.

[2] A. Faye and F. Roupin. A Cutting planes Algorithm based upon a Semidefinite relaxation for the Quadratic Assignment Problem. In ESA 2005, Mallorca, Spain, October 3-6, 2005. LNCS 3669, pp. 850-861, 2005.

[3] A. Faye and F. Roupin. Partial Lagrangian relaxation for General Quadratic Programming. 4'OR Vol 5(1):75-88, 2007.

[4] C. Lemarechal and F. Oustry, Semidefinite relaxations in combinatorial optimization from a lagrangian point of view. In N. Hadjisavvas and P.M. Pardalos, editors, Advances in Convex Analysis and Global Optimization, Kluwer, pp. 119-134, 2001.

[5] F. Rendl, R. Sotirov: Bounds for the quadratic assignment problem using the bundle method. To appear in Mathematical Programming B.

[6] F. Roupin. From Linear to Semidefinite Programming: an Algorithm to obtain Semidefinite Relaxations for Bivalent Quadratic Problems.
Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 8(4): 469-493, 2004.

[7] F. Roupin. Algorithmes Combinatoires et Relaxations par Programmation Lineaire et Semidefinie. Application a la Resolution de Problemes Quadratiques et d'Optimisation dans les Graphes. Habilitation a Diriger des Recherches en Informatique de l'Universite Paris Nord, 2006. Available at http://cedric.cnam.fr.


PURPOSE: To transfer data at a high rate in a video signal driving circuit. CONSTITUTION: This display device is provided with signal lines for supplying data to each pixel of a selected pixel group, and the video signal driving circuit for sending the data serially sent from an external system to each of the signal lines in parallel, and the video signal driving circuit is provided with a plurality of steps of switching element columns which are sequentially doubled in number from the input side; each switching element of each step of switching element columns is connected with two pieces of switching elements of the following column switching elements each allotted by the number of switching elements composing the present step; one of the two pieces of switching elements repeatedly operates OFF when the other is ON, and also an ON-OFF frequency of each switching element of each step switching column is arranged so as to be sequentially reduced by half from the input side.


Human peripheral blood monocytes and macrophages possess factors which are capable of inhibiting or stimulating endothelial cell proliferation. We have further explored if such activity is due to cytotoxic effects of monocytes. Normal mononuclear cells were isolated first by density gradient. Monocytes were then purified by three different techniques: 1) counter centrifugation elutriation (CCE) (Beckman) 2) selective adhesion to gelatin-plasma (GPI) 3) selective adhesion to fibronectin (Fn). Cytotoxicity was estimated by counting the release of 51cr used to label the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE) prior to the addition of monocytes. Whilst [3H] thymidine incorporation by HUVE permitted us to measure the effect of monocytes on the growth of the endothelial cells. Monocytes were incubated with HUVE (12×103) for 24 to 36h at various concentrations '(1.5-12×103). No cytotoxic effect could be demonstrated but an inhibition of [3h] thymidine uptake was observed and was dependent upon monocytes concentration. Monocytes isolated on GP1 exhibited a significantly higher inhibitory effect (p<0.05) compared to those purified on Fn or by CCE.(GP1: 85±6%, Fn:58±6%, CCE:67±5%). These results indicated t*hat normal monocytes can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. This activity appeared to be higher when monocytes were isolated on GP1 which suggest that the adhesion on this surface could stimulate monocytes not only by its fibronectin receptor. This inhibitory activity of monocyte on endothelial cells proliferation could be different in patients with vascular disorders.


Application of electrophotocatalytic (EPC) methods for drinking water disinfection was broadly used in the recent years. These methods led to production of strong oxidant agents such ashydroxyl (OH ̇) radical. The goal of this applied-analytical research was to investigate Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a source of nosocomial infection caused by waterborne bacteria, removal from urban drinking water by batch EPC reactor with usage of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles immobilized on zinc (Zn) sheet-copper electrode, and lamp emitting dynode (LED) ultraviolet-A (UV-A) lamp. The contaminated water sample was prepared by adding 10 2 -10 3 cells of P. aeruginosa bacteria per ml of drinking water. The studied variables were pH (6-8), the number of bacteria (10 2 -10 3 cells/ml), the lamp intensity (360-600 mW/cm 2 ), radiation time (7.5-30 min), the distance between lamp and electrode (1.5 cm), layering of zinc oxide nanoparticles (1-3), and current density (3-9 mW/cm 2 ). The results showed the correlation between removal of cells and UV-A lamp intensity, current density, and radiation time. Optimal removal (0) was obtained at pH 8, radiation time: 7.5 min, 2layer of ZnO nanoparticles, and current density of 6 mW/cm 2 . The findings indicated that removal efficiency was increased with increasing current density, radiation time, and lamp intensity.


Abstract : The durable strength in liquid sodium and in air of EI-851 steel at 700 degrees, EI-869 alloy at 750 degrees and EI-437 B alloy at 800 degrees was determined. The absence of liquid metal effect on the durable strength and creep of EI-851 steel and EI-869 alloy was shown. The EI-437 B alloy revealed a reduction in durable strength and plasticity and an increase in rate of creep at all periods in a liquid metal medium. It was established that the dependence of time prior to destruction and rate of creep upon the stress applied to EI-437 B alloy in liquid metal is gradual, just as it is in air. It was shown, that the effect of liquid sodium on durable strength and creep of EI-437 B alloy at 800 degrees is determined by the adsorption properties of the medium. The detected adsorption effect of liquid metal confirmed the mechanism of overcreeping of dislocations under creep conditions. (Author)


In recent years, cities of all sizes have developed or expanded convention centers with the goal of stimulating economic or physical revitalization. The justification for such rapid growth has focused primarily on the benefits of convention center development and much less on the costs. The research at hand uses the case method to more fully examine both sides of the issue. The case is the Jacob Javits Convention Center in New York and discussion focuses on issues such as convention attendance, conventioneer spending, and center financial performance within the more macro context of urban affairs. This paper begins with a general discussion of the center and its location, and is tied to the literature by an explanation of the city's pattern of decline. Ensuing discussion encompasses issues specific to this case, such as the economic activity generated, subsequent tax revenues, and the degree of spin-off development near the center. The conclusion of the article considers the fiscal and physical impact of the Jacob Javits Convention Center.


Rapid setup is a common improvement approach in press working operations such as blanking and shearing. It has paid major dividends in the sheet metal industry. It also has been a major improvement thrust for high-production machining operations. However, the literature does not well cover all the setup operations and constraints for job shop work. This review provides some insight into the issues involved. It highlights the floor problems and provides insights for further improvement. The report is designed to provide a quick understanding of the issues.


This article is about booting an Apple Macintosh PC from the hard drive of another Macintosh connected by Firewire with the second Macintosh in Firewire Disk target Mode.


We present one of the results of BV RI photometry of the hosts of GRB for the host galaxy of GRB 970508 and the theoretical modeling of its continuum spectral energy distribution (SED) to show that it is important to take into account internal extinction in the host galaxies. We compared the BV RI broad-band flux spectrum of the host to template SEDs of local starburst galaxies and found that there is a significant internal extintion in this host. Moreover, this comparison allows us to derive the absolute magnitude (MBrest) and rouhgly estimate reddening (AV ). Population synthesis modeling of the continuum SED for different reddening laws ([4] and [5]) demostrates that the observational data of the host galaxy of GRB 970508 are best fitted by the spectral properties of a model SED with extinction of AV ≈ 2. The multiband observations of GRB host galaxies were performed with the 6-m telescope of SAO RAS in 1998–2000. In details the data reduction and photometry of the host galaxies are described in [12]. As a first approximation for an estimate of internal extinction, we compared our broad-band flux spectrum of the host galaxy of GRB 970508 (as an example) to SEDs of local starburst galaxies. We used S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 averaged template SEDs for the local starburst galaxies from [3]. The spectra of local starburst were grouped according to increasing values of the color excess E(B − V ). Fig. 1 demonstrates the best fitting (minimum of χ/d.o.f) of our broad-band flux spectrum by the starburst template galaxies (in Fig. 1 and 2 FWHM of each band is shown, taking into account z, by dashed horizontal lines with bars). Using E(B − V ) for the S5 template and reddening laws from [5] and [4] we can estimate the value of AV , which is in ranges AV = 1.58 ÷ 1.86 and AV = 2.07 ÷ 2.43, respectively. The same comparisons of the BV RI broad-band spectra with the local template SEDs allows us to derive K-correction and absolute magnitudes.In Table 1 we present the observed R-band magnitudes and the estimates of MBrest derived by us [12] and other authors for eight GRB host galaxies. As a second approximation for the estimate of internal extinction, we constructed a set of model theoretical templates for the host galaxy of GRB 970508 using population synthesis modeling. We used the PEGASE package ([7]) and 2 V. V. Sokolov et al. 200


Valproate is a known human and animal teratogen that produces neural-tube defects. Valproate is also known to produce fetal death and a variety of fetal deformities. The present study considered the role of val pro ate as a behavioral teratogen in rats. Pregnant rats were administered saline or valproate, or simply handled at 10 days gestation and the offspring tested for a variety of behaviors and physical mea sures. Valproate-exposed animals demonstrated lags in the emergence of swimming behavior, negative geotaxis and weight gain. This evidence points to val pro ate being a behav ioral teratogen producing delays in neuromuscular develop ment.


Usually,infeasible paths increase program complexity and program redundancy,produce useless DU(def-use) chains,and affect the result of program static analysis,so analyzing this issue can improve path testing and static analysis techniques of programs,such as data flow analyzing,program slicing and so on.Based on the analysis of infeasible paths,this paper presents a new technique of key branch to faster analyze these infeasible paths more quickly.Firstly,the method finds the key branches by these valid information obtained in the data dependency flow and control dependency flow.Then,a tested path is infeasible if the tested path including a key branch or more.The result shows that the method of key branch can find more infeasible paths in the unit time,and consumes almost the same memory as other methods do.


Various approaches to definition of the controlling concept in a historical context are considered in the article. It is underlined there that despite of wide introduction of controlling, conceptual discussions among researchers have not been exhausted yet. There is a classification of controlling concepts based on the target orientation that agrees with stages of its development. Three variants of orientation of the concept are allocated, the description of essence and the primary goals of controlling is submitted within the framework of each considered concept. It is specified, that recently many scientists recognize necessity of integration of all sights at controlling for uniform system. Are mentioned facts for the benefit of that the modern concept of controlling should have in the greater degree a bias on administrative information system. But thus integrated approach to definition of the concept of controlling should be kept.


In order to solve the problem of lacking quantitative description method for customer satisfaction of logistics distribution service, based on the China Customer Satisfaction Index model, the three core influencing factors named perceived service quality, expected service quality and brand image were respectively set up with second-level measurement indicators, to explore its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty, and then construct a customer satisfaction evaluation model for logistics distribution service. The second-order structural equation model is used to analyze the quantitative relationship among the influencing factors, between satisfaction and loyalty, and the effect of each influencing factor on the customer satisfaction of logistics distribution service. Finally, the model is applied to the case analysis of residents in the main urban area of Chongqing. The results show that the perceived service quality (0.63***) and perceived service cost (-0.40***) have the most significant impact on the customer satisfaction of logistics distribution service. Customer satisfaction plays a decisive role in customer loyalty (0.78***).


Background: smoking is a behavior that is detrimental to health for self and others, but still many people who smoke even the age of smoking behavior many found in adolescence. Adolescent behavior is influenced by family and peer environment factors.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between family and peers with the behavior of smoking teens in the village Gonilan Kartasura
Method: This study used cross sectional design. Population in this research is 120 respondents and taken sample with cluster random sampling technique got 55 respondents, statistical analysis by using chi Square test.
Results: The results showed there was a relationship between the family environment with smoking behavior with the level of closeness p value 0,009. And there is also a relationship between peers with smoking behavior of adolescents in the village of Gonilan Kartasura with the level of closeness relationship p value 0.001.
Conclusion: the majority of teenagers Gonilan Kartasura village are male, smoking at age 20 with the majority of heavy smokers. Family environment and peers have a relationship with teenage smoking behavior.


Objective To analyze the SHOX gene mutations and anthropometric characteristics in patients with idiopathic short stature(ISS).Methods The height,arm span,sitting height and bone age were measured in 70 patients with ISS.Pearson correlation analysis was performed between bone age delay time and HtSDS,as well as between limb length/sitting height ratio and target height.DNA was extracted from 40 patients with lower leg/sitting height ratio for sequence analysis of SHOX exons.Results There was a positive correlation between bone age delay time and HtSDS(r=0.427,P=0.000),as well as between limb length/sitting height ratio and target height(r=0.251,P=0.039),suggesting that lower limb growth potential decreased in patients with ISS.No SHOX mutations were found in the 40 patients with lower leg/sitting height ratio.Conclusion Patients with ISS may have reduction in lower limb growth potential.SHOX gene mutations may not be a genetic factor in ISS patients with reduction in lower limb growth potential in Jiangxi province.


The invention relates to a cosmetic process for treating human perspiration and possibly perspiration-related body odors consisting in applying to human keratin materials a composition containing, in a cosmetically acceptable support, at least one compound comprising at least one free carbonyl function capable of to react with at least one amino compound according to the Maillard reaction and more particularly with the proteins of the stratum corneum of the skin. The present invention also relates to the cosmetic use as an agent for treating perspiration of at least one compound comprising at least one free carbonyl function capable of reacting with at least one amino compound according to the Maillard reaction.


Ethnic diversity is a source of national culture. Nations is a community groups bound unity culture, language, and shelter. Hence, every ethnic groups have different languages, tradition and cultural matters is different. Papua was an island still bind closely their culture, but there are still certain areas who are still alive culture without influenced by an unfamiliar culture. Culture cut off an in the M oni tribe as an expression of grief and prevention reenacted. Cutting the fingers is depriving of the organ of body which will have an influence to health of a person. Grief when have lived away by a loved one and lost one member of family very sting. Methods used in research is to descriptive qualitative. The qualitative method as procedure research that yields data descriptive of words written or spoken of people and observable behavior. The use of the qualitative method is considered appropriate to study and understand culture cut finger based on emik. The Moni ethnic very revere tradition cut finger they as an expression of condolences and sadness is deep of members of the family left. Tradition cut finger in Papua own were conducted with various many ways, starting from using sharps like a knife, an ax or machete. There are also who did it in biting segments his finger to drop out, to bind or fasten with a rope so that the blood is halted and finger joints become dead then had only been done cutting finger. Keyword: finger, cutting, grief


Magnetization studies on an aggregate of single crystals of ferrimagnetic CoMnO3 oriented with their trigonal axes parallel gave a value of K1+2K2= −1.4/×107 erg/cm3 at 300°K for the magnetocrystalline anisotropy expressed in the usual form: K0+K1 sin2θ+K2 sin4θ. The very large anisotropy is believed to arise from partial removal of the orbital degeneracy of the 4T1 ground state by a trigonal component of the crystal field. The anisotropy energy was calculated following the method of Slonczewski except that the entire ground‐state manifold was treated rather than using a perturbation approach. The fact that the moments lie perpendicular to the trigonal axis makes the more complete calculation necessary. The observed anisotropy energy was obtained for a trigonal splitting of 1250 cm−1 and a spin orbital parameter (αλ) of 204 cm−1. The sign of the trigonal splitting is such that an orbital singlet lies lowest.


The design features of an experimental 8,000-8,500-mc radio relay are reviewed. The technical innovations mentioned are the result of research and engineering accomplished for the design of a military radio-relay system. A duplexing antenna system comprised of a waveguide hybrid tee, a waveguide mast structure, an off-center fed parabolic reflector antenna assembly, and a waveguide cavity preselector for the receiver is described. A mechanically and electronically tuned cw communications magnetron, which provides a carrier power in excess of 50 watts, is included and is capable of being frequency modulated. A unique frequency stabilization circuit maintains the carrier center frequency, improves the linearity of the modulation, and reduces the carrier-noise frequency variations.


General experimental details. All organometallic and catalytic procedures were carried out under an inert atmosphere of argon by using a dual manifold vacuum/argon line and standard schlenk techniques, or in an MBraun glove box. All solvents were predried by refluxing for three days under dinitrogen over the appropriate drying agents (sodium for toluene; potassium for THF; sodium-potassium alloy for diethyl ether, petroleum ether and pentane; calcium hydride for dichloromethane, pyridine and acetonitrile) and degassed before use. Solvents were stored in glass ampoules under argon. All glassware, cannulae and Celite were stored in an oven (>100C) and flame dried immediately prior to use. Most reagents and chemicals were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company and used without further purification. Deuterated solvents were freeze-thaw-degassed and dried by refluxing over potassium (or calcium hydride for CD2Cl2) before being vacuum distilled to a clean, dry Young's tap ampoule and being stored in the glove box. Deuterated chloroform was dried over molecular sieves (4Å) in the air.


Objective: To understand the situation of irrational drug use in our hospital, improve the quality of prescription, superintend the doctors and guide patients to use drug rationally. Methods: 3 076 prescriptions were extracted from our hospital outpatient prescription, seek out irrational drug prescription for sortting out analysis. Results: 73 prescriptions of irrational drug use, unqualified rate was 2.37%. Conclusion: The phenomenon of irrational drug use still exist in some extent in our hospital.


The catalytic dehydrocoupling of amine–boranes has recently received a great deal of attention due to its potential in hydrogen storage applications. The use of aluminum catalysts for this transformation would provide an additional cost-effective and sustainable approach towards the hydrogen economy. Herein, we report the use of both N-heterocyclic imine (NHI)- and carbene (NHC)-supported Al(III) hydrides and their role in the catalytic dehydrocoupling of Me2NHBH3. Differences in the σ-donating ability of the ligand class resulted in a more stable catalyst for NHI-Al(III) hydrides, whereas a deactivation pathway was found in the case of NHC-Al(III) hydrides.


The vitality of the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States is obvious in the pieces featured in this issue of Patterns of Prejudice. 2015 is of course the fiftieth anniver...


In the search for broadband damping materials, it is desirable to have polymers with a broad and high loss region in shear or extension, covering the entire temperature and frequency range of interest. Interpenetrating networks, IPN's, are materials composed of two or more crosslinked polymers intimately and irrevocably intertwined. The resulting distribution of microenvironments can result in a material with a high mechanical loss broadened over that of either polymer component alone. Several series of polyurethane/epoxy IPN's have been prepared for possible use as broadband damping materials. All IPN's showed apparent true IPN behavior with no or very small scale phase separation. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the temperature of the loss peak may be varied over a wide temperature range with formulation. Further work has focused on incorporating a more flexible epoxy component and/or a plasticizer, and comparison of viscoelastic behavior to observed damping in constrained layer structures. [W...


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To improve the quality of life and outcomes for patients with colorectal liver metastases, we would like to emphasize some points.

First, a colorectal multidisciplinary teams (MDT) should also include a specialized hepatobiliary MDT that has the expertise and the facilities to provide surgery for patients with liver metastases. The cases of patients being considered for treatment of hepatic metastases should be discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting in which the participants have experience in the management of liver metastases [1].

Second, traditional risk factors, as well as the indications and the contraindications, for a hepatic resection should be abandoned. The present principle as to resectability is that resection should be performed if all metastases, regardless of their sizes, number, locations and distribution, can be removed while leaving a sufficient remaining liver parenchyma [2]. As is known, the number of liver metastases, the spread of colorectal cancer to the lymph nodes, the maximum size of the metastases, the preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level, the extrahepatic spread, and the use of a nonradical resection represent independent risk factors for recurrence [3,4]. Third, All resources should be used. Perioperative chemotherapy, portal vein embolization, a 2-stage hepatectomy, and local ablative therapies might improve outcomes.


We surveyed the northern Galactic hemisphere (NGH) at b ≥ 30° in the CO (1-0) emission line to determine the surface filling factor of molecular gas at high Galactic latitudes and to search for heretofore unknown molecular clouds. The NGH was sampled on a locally Cartesian grid with 1° (true-angle) spacing in Galactic longitude and latitude. Of the 11,478 points in our grid, we observed all 10,562 positions that rise to an elevation above 30° in Cambridge, MA, the site of the 1.2 m millimeter-wave telescope that was used for the survey. Only 26 lines of sight showed CO emission. Monte Carlo simulations based on our sampling grid and with cloud sizes, in a uniform distribution, ranging from 0 to 2 deg2 suggest that the survey is ~70% complete. Power-law distributions yield fractional completenesses that are typically a factor of 2 lower. The surface filling factor, corrected for the incompleteness of our sampling grid, is 0.004-0.008, depending on which cloud size distribution is used. These values are substantially lower than what is found in the southern Galactic hemisphere at b ≤ -30°. Adopting as the CO to H2 conversion ratio NH2/WCO = 2.5 × 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1, the mass surface density of molecular gas in the north ranges from 0.015 ± 0.009 to 0.035 ± 0.020 M☉ pc-2. With the exception of four fairly significant aggregations of clouds (the complexes associated with the Polaris flare, Ursa Major, Draco, and L134), and a handful of isolated cloudlets, the northern Galactic hemisphere at b ≥ 30° is found to be largely free of molecular gas.