This paper presents the findings of shaking‐table experiments conducted to examine the seismic performance of a full‐scale, one‐story, wood‐framed structure with masonry veneer. The structure was designed and constructed in accordance with current U.S. code provisions. The veneer was attached to the wood backing with two kinds of metal anchors, corrugated ties fastened with 8d nails and rigid ties fastened with #8 screws. The tests have shown that the use of nails to fasten veneer anchors to the wood studs is highly unreliable due to the high variation of the nail extraction capacity, which can be influenced by the moisture content of the wood. Other than this, both the wood frame and the masonry veneer performed well under severe ground motions far exceeding a design level earthquake for Seismic Design Category D. Good performance was observed for the rigid veneer ties, which were attached to the wood studs with screws. The results have shown that the veneer walls parallel to the direction of shaking helped to restrain the motion of the wood structure and therefore should not be simply treated as added mass. The detailing of wood roof diaphragms requires special attention in consideration of the out‐of‐plane inertia force of the veneer that can be transmitted through the top plate of the wood‐stud wall to the rim joist. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The two modules for emission reduction and energy saving in power energy saving and emission reduction system was reviewed.The system dynamic model for energy saving and emission reduction in electric power enterprise was established.By taking the second phase project of Luneng Power Plant in Hequ,Shanxi as an example,dynamic simulation and control was carried out.The results showed that the established model was effective and feasible,and this model can represent the real power energy-saving and emission reduction system.


A theoretical analysis of the compressional behaviour of nonwoven fabrics has been proposed based on bending of fibre elements. A fibre segment, which is assumed to be bonded at two neighbouring con tact points, has been chosen as the unit bending element. An interactive algorithm, in which the system geometry is updated on successive increments of load, is used to cope with large and non-linear defor mation. A comparison between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions shows reason able agreement. Spunbonded heat-sealed fabrics show a good agreement with the theory, while the spunbonded needle-punched fabrics show deviation, mainJy due to fibre-to-fibre slippage.


The encounter of the three living and three dead is one of the most famous traditions in medieval European art as well as in French and English literature. This article explores a rare image of an encounter between three women and three dead (in manuscript Paris, BNF fr. 378), which illustrates a French poem about masculine protagonists, in order to develop further the debates concerning this meditative tradition and the role of images in the macabre.


PEDESTRIANS IN 1969 ACCOUNTED FOR 17% OF ALL HIGHWAY FATALITIES, THE BREAKDOWN BEING 8% IN RURAL AREAS AND 33% IN URBAN AREAS. A SUMMARY OF FACTORS IN THE HIGH RATE OF PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS IS FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN SAFETY IN THE AREAS OF ENGINEERING, EDUCATION, AND ENFORCEMENT. THE DISCUSSION OF ENGINEERING MEASURES EMBRACES SIDEWALKS, CROSSWALKS, TRAFFIC SIGNALS, PEDESTRIAN BARRIERS, HIGHWAY LIGHTING, SAFETY ZONES AND ISLANDS, PEDESTRIANS TUNNELS AND OVERPASSES, SIGNS AND SPECIAL MARKINGS, AND POLICE CONTROL. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE PROTECTION OF SCHOOL CROSSINGS. IT IS NOTED IN CONCLUSION THAT (1) STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION AND ENFORCEMENT IS EVIDENT ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF EFFECTIVE SYMBOLS AND (2) SINCE VOLUNTARY OBSERVANCE AND OBEDIENCE MUST BE RELIED ON, REGULATIONS FOR PEDESTRIANS SHOULD BE PRACTICAL AND JUSTIFIED.


Backscattering from natural rough multilayers is addressed. In order to characterize the radar response patterns of natural rough multilayer, the closed-form solution of the Boundary Perturbation Theory (BPT), specialized to backscattering configuration, is employed in conjunction with a fractal description of the interfacial roughness, involving the fractional Brownian motion (fBm) process. Furthermore, numerical examples are presented and discussed with reference to layered structure of interest for remote sensing scenarios. As a result, BPT-fBm model offers a consistent and plausible explanation of the scattering dependency on the involved parameters, so providing a rationale for understanding the basic scattering properties of natural rough multilayers.


This paper reviews the software and hardware requirements for on-line computing. It shows these facilities can be used to conduct on-line simulation experiments of models of agricultural systems. The general problems associated with modelling are indicated and the advantages of the on-line approach are discussed. Key words and phrases: on-line computing, modelling agricultural systems, systems analysis in agricul ture.


Received February 26, 1962 AT the C locus on chromosome 9 of maize, three apparent alleles control dominant colorless, colored, and recessive colorless aleurone tissue in the kernel. The anomaly of functional divergence in anthocyanin synthesis among members of the series prompted a study of mutational behavior, structure, and function at this locus (COE 1961). The present paper deals with spontaneous mutation of the first member of the series, Inhibitor, for which the symbol I generally has been used. The general expressions and inheritance in this series have been described by EAST and HAY% (1911) and interactions have been summarized by EMERSON, BEADLE and FRASER (1935). In the presence of other necessary factors for pigment production, I , C, and c confer, respectively, dominant colorless, colored, and recessive colorless aleurone tissue. They have parallel effects in the scutellum of the embryo but no known effects on other tissues. The independent dominant factor Bh causes c c c kernels to develop variable, diffuse, and irregular patches of color; this effect is commonly assumed to be due to Bh-induced mutation of c to C but true germinal mutations have never been recovered. Contrary to common impression Bh has no visible effect in inhibitor material. Since the long-established convention of using I to designate the inhibitor allele is confusing and leads to the unconventional use of i in classroom and textbook examples, the more appropriate symbol C' should be adopted. This symbol is used in this paper. Color expression in the nine possible combinations of the three alleles in the triploid aleurone tissue of maize is as follows: C' C' C', C' C' e, C' c c, and c c c are completely colorless; C' C' C is colorless with very infrequent small patches of color, often in clusters; C' C C is basically colorless, occasionally very light pale, with numerous small


Cyberpunk surfaced as a subgenre of science fiction in the 1980s to popular and critical acclaim. Among the writers who laid the genre's foundations were Pat Cadigan, William Gibson, and Bruce Sterling. In the 90s, the flagship writers of cyberpunk and its latest offspring—postcyberpunk—were Greg Egan and Neal Stephenson. As of the most recent decade, its legacies are continued in the writings of Paolo Bacigalupi, Ian McDonald, and Charles Stross. Furthermore, cyberpunk has garnered considerable interest among postmodernist critics. Brian McHale asserts that while "there are few . . . absolute novelties in cyberpunk SF" and all its motifs have had "precedents in earlier SF," the subgenre's novel character stems rather from its "shift of dominance" to particular motifs and its dismissal of outmoded motifs within the general science-fiction repertoire (150). In other words, cyberpunk foregrounded a specific "motif complex" (McHale 150), one neither featured nor practiced before in this particular fashion within science-fiction literature. Scholars appreciated cyberpunk for its foregrounding of (dis)embodiedness, its social-liberationist political potential (D. Haraway), and its textual exploration of ontological motifs (B. McHale). Despite cyberpunk's stellar success, the subgenre had been in fact born out of failure—the failure of science-fiction literature prior to the 1980s1 to live up to its core promise. For the dedicated readers of science fiction, its touchstone had always been its successful efforts at extrapolating from the present and making accurate predictions about the future. In this respect, cyberpunk's emergence could be understood as the consequence of and the answer to science fiction's disenchanting failures at extrapolation.


ERT-VR is composed of the commander training subsystem and the team training subsystem. In the commander training subsystem, the display system based on stereoscopic projectors is used to train the emergency rescue commanders. In the team training subsystem, the members of the operational teams use the head-mounted displays and datagloves as the interactive devices. A 3D scenario creator was designed and implemented in ERT-VR. Instructors assigned a specific training scenario to the trainees by using the scenario creator. Trainees took on the role of the characters in the training scenario and controlled their actions and ultimately the scenario outcomes. All the actions were recorded into the database system and could be replayed and evaluated. The components, architecture, run process and run samples of ERT-VR were proposed.


The hexagonal PWR core reloading optimization code system was presented,which applies a new hybrid optimization method(combining the genetic algorithm with the tabu search).The verification and validation of 2-D code system were examined by the calculation of IAEA WWER-1000 type PWR reactor Kalinin-5 NPP problem. The reloading optimization package was used to optimize the cycle length,the power factor and the synthesis of the two facets respectively.The numerical results show that the new reloading optimization code system is effective and successful.


A quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) piezoelectric immunobiosensor was developed for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7.The affinity-purified antibodies to O157:H7 were immobilized onto a monolayer of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid(MHDA),which was self-assembled on the Au electrode surface of QCM with N-hydroxysuccinimide(NHS) ester as a reactive intermediate.The binding of target bacteria with the immobilized antibodies would decrease the sensor resonant frequency,and the frequency shift was correlated to the bacterial concentration.The stepwise fabrication and detection of immunosensor were manifested by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and cyclic voltammetry(CV) techniques.The results show that the 2.0×102~2.0×108 CFU/mL cells can be detected by the sensor within 1.5 h,and the regenerative possibility for the immunosensor was explored.


This paper introduces the development and classification of satellite mobile communication system and raises the requirements of the selection on multiple access modes from effects for users to share limited communication resources and effective utilization of the satellite link resources for GEO multi-beam satellite communication system. This article compares and simulates the different multiple access mode of GEO multi-beam satellite communications system not only from the view of practical application and implementation point but also from the view of encoding interweave power gain, voice activation power gain and system synchronization ended with giving the corresponding conclusion. Finally, we discuss present situation and development direction of GEO multi-beam satellite mobile communication system of our country.


Evidence from neuropathological studies, as well as an emerging in vivo neuroimaging literature, has implicated abnormalities in neural circuitry in neuropsychiatric disorders, ranging from psychiatric and addictive disorders to neurodegenerative disorders. As such, neural circuits are being identifi ed as a focus of therapeutic targets, as exemplifi ed in the new classifi cation framework for mental disorders (research domain criteria, RDoC) proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National Institute of Health. Specifi cally, RDoC conceptualizes neuropsychiatric illnesses as ' disorders of brain circuits ' (Insel et al., 2010). The observation that pharmacotherapies have limited benefi t and serious side effects, in some cases, has stimulated interest in neural circuitry, as opposed to neurotransmitter systems, as a therapeutic target. Thus, there has been a renewed interest in brain stimulation methods to investigate, modulate, and treat abnormal neural circuitry in neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain stimulation methods include techniques that modulate neurocircuitry through the application of electrical or magnetic stimuli to specifi c brain regions. In the past decade there has been an unprecedented development in technical and methodological aspects of brain stimulation, as well as therapeutic paradigms and applications. In addition to the well-established electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment for mood disorders, another convulsive therapy is in development, magnetic seizure therapy (MST). The non-invasive brain stimulation techniques involve transcranial application of electrical or magnetic fi elds to the scalp at sub-convulsive levels, usually in an acute, repetitive manner. These methods include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that are being used to both defi ne and treat abnormal neural circuitry. The convulsive therapies, particularly ECT, were the forerunner of these approaches, especially for the treatment of severe, chronic depression. Neurosurgical procedures include the implantation of devices to stimulate brain structures and associated neural circuits chronically. There are methods to stimulate brain circuits directly (such as deep brain stimulation (DBS)) or indirectly (such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)), which are being assessed for their therapeutic properties in a number of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Studies of these brain stimulation methods have found a signifi cant benefi cial impact for the clinical management of the most treatment-refractory patients to a degree not observed with other antidepressant strategies, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. In addition to their great therapeutic potential, the integration of neurocognitive and neuroimaging assessments with brain stimulation methods provides a unique opportunity to understand the neurobiological consequences of modulating the function of neural circuits in vivo . Further, translational research in basic science models has elucidated some of the unique neurobiological effects of such therapies, including neurochemical effects and neurogenesis (Encinas et al., 2011; Stone et al., 2011) that support a potential benefi t in patients for a variety of symptoms, including cognitive defi cits, and can be evaluated in human studies using molecular imaging methods. Initially, surgical brain stimulation approaches were applied to disorders in which the underlying neural circuitry was well established, including Parkinson ' s ' disease and dystonia. Multiple regions within the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical (CSPTC) circuitry have been evaluated as sites for stimulation by the implantation of electrodes. More recently, neuropsychiatric disorders that are associated with dysfunction of cortical networks have been the focus of study. Some examples include investigations of using DBS to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) (Mayberg et al., 2005), obsessive – compulsive disorder (Greenberg et al., 2006), and Alzheimer ' s disease (Laxton et al., 2010). In these disorders, the site of electrode implantation was largely informed by neuroimaging data. There are emerging indications of brain stimulation therapies, particularly DBS, in some of the most diffi cult to treat symptoms in neuropsychiatry (e.g. levodopa-induced dyskinesia (Sankar & Lozano, 2011)). The papers in this special issue of the International Review of Psychiatry focus on the application of noninvasive and surgical brain stimulation techniques to understand and treat neuropsychiatric disorders International Review of Psychiatry, October 2011; 23(5): 397–399


The new germylene [(PhMe2Si)2N]2Ge has been prepared and fully characterized, and the oxidative addition of [(PhMe2Si)2N]2Ge and [(Me3Si)2N]2Ge with the well-known germylene trapping reagent benzil (1,2-phenylethane-1,2-dione) has been carried out. The crystal structures of the resulting germanium(IV) benzil adducts Ph2C2O2Ge[N(SiMe2Ph)2]2 and Ph2C2O2Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 were obtained. The two adducts are essentially isostructural and both exhibit a pseudo-tetrahedral environment at the germanium atom and a nearly planar environment at the nitrogen atoms of the bis(silyl)amido-ligands.


We investigate the magnetoresistance of ferrimagnetic GdFeCo across the magnetization compensation temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{M}}$. The magnetic field dependence of longitudinal resistivity (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xx}}$) shows opposite trends below and above ${T}_{\mathrm{M}}$, and the variation of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xx}}$ with $B$ becomes more significant as the temperature decreases. The observed unconventional magnetoresistance is attributed to the sperimagnetism of GdFeCo. Further investigations on the transverse resistivity (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xy}}$) of GdFeCo unveils that, contrary to the recent reports that the transition metal dominates transport of rare-earth transition-metal ferrimagnets, the Gd contribution to magnetoresistance is comparable to the FeCo contribution, showing that the transport of GdFeCo is antiferromagnetic. Our results therefore show that ferrimagnets are a convenient platform for studying antiferromagnetic spin transport and also are potential materials that can enable antiferromagnetic spin devices.


To resolve the application deficiency of traditional cores for cooperative fuzzy game in distribution theory, a method of redistribution and redevelopment is presented by keeping some of the gains of the fuzzy game and distribute only part of the total value v(eN) of a fuzzy game(N, v), thus they can adapt for extensive demand of cores for cooperative fuzzy game.Firstly, generalized imputation, generalized cores and generalized stable sets are defined.Then, it is pointed out that their meanings, and the model of cooperative fuzzy game is represented.Finally, the theorem are presented to verify the interrelations of generalized cores, the rational distribution methods are provided by adjusting responding coefficient, the value of generalized cores for cooperative fuzzy game in practice and academic study is demonstrated.


The aim of the present investigation attempt to study the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly men and women living in institutions and non-institutional settings in urban Bangalore District. The study was conducted on a purposive random sample of 800 elderly in the age ranging from 65-76 years of which 200 men and 200 women in institutional and 200 men 200 women living in non-institutional settings. WHO-QoL (100) 1996 field version was used to measure the QoL. The questionnaire was administered, data was collected and tabulated. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using mean, χ2 test and Z test. The results revealed that elderly living in institutional setting showed high level of QoL than non-institutional setting. The result also revealed that there is a significant difference between the institutional and noninstitutional elderly men and women in the area of physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationship and environment domains of QoL.


Molecular biology studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of thyroid tumorigenesis, although their impact in clinical practice is still negligible. Most benign and malignant thyroid tumors have a monoclonal origin, suggesting that genetic events are responsible for their occurrence (34). These may involve the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes. Several genetic abnormalities (point mutations or gene rearrangements) have been evidenced in human thyroid tumors (review in 14,40,53). Several in vitro and in vivo animal models, including transgenic mice that reproduce the human situations, are also available.


THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF AN ANALOG VERSUS AN DIGITAL SPEEDOMETER ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE. YOUNGER AND OLDER DRIVERS WERE ASKED TO CONTROL THE SPEED OF A VEHICLE ON A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER WHILE DETECTING PEDESTRIANS MOVING OUT ONTO THE SIMULATED ROAD OF A FILMED, COMPUTER-GENERATED DRIVING SCENE. FOR THE SPEED CONTROL TASK, DRIVERS WERE ASKED EITHER TO MAINTAIN A PRECISE SPEED OR TO KEEP THEIR SPEED WITHIN A 5 MPH (8 KPH) RANGE. DRIVERS' SPEED CONTROL ACCURACY, ABILITY TO DETECT EVENTS ON THE ROADWAY, AND EYE MOVEMENT BEHAVIOUR WERE MEASURED. THE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY INDICATED AN ADVANTAGE FOR THE ANALOG SPEEDOMETER, BUT FURTHER RESEARCH WILL BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO CONCLUSIVELY RECOMMEND ONE SPEEDOMETER FORMAT OVER THE OTHER. (A) FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT OF THE CONFERENCE SEE IRRD 858984.


Significance Dental microwear is among the most common proxies paleontologists use for diet reconstruction. Recent models have suggested that while quartz grit adherent to food produces wear of tooth enamel, softer particles, such as silica phytoliths found in many plants, do not. Some have therefore suggested that microwear patterns better reflect habitat than diet. This is important to paleobiologists because reconstructions of species from the earliest vertebrates to human ancestors have relied on dental microwear as a proxy for diet. Here we present an in vitro study demonstrating that softer particles produce microwear under conditions mimicking chewing. Enamel wear occurs not because an abrasive is hard but because it exceeds the binding force of proteins that hold together hydroxyapatite crystallites. Paleoanthropologists and vertebrate paleontologists have for decades debated the etiology of tooth wear and its implications for understanding the diets of human ancestors and other extinct mammals. The debate has recently taken a twist, calling into question the efficacy of dental microwear to reveal diet. Some argue that endogenous abrasives in plants (opal phytoliths) are too soft to abrade enamel, and that tooth wear is caused principally by exogenous quartz grit on food. If so, variation in microwear among fossil species may relate more to habitat than diet. This has important implications for paleobiologists because microwear is a common proxy for diets of fossil species. Here we reexamine the notion that particles softer than enamel (e.g., silica phytoliths) do not wear teeth. We scored human enamel using a microfabrication instrument fitted with soft particles (aluminum and brass spheres) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) fitted with silica particles under fixed normal loads, sliding speeds, and spans. Resulting damage was measured by AFM, and morphology and composition of debris were determined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Enamel chips removed from the surface demonstrate that softer particles produce wear under conditions mimicking chewing. Previous models posited that such particles rub enamel and create ridges alongside indentations without tissue removal. We propose that although these models hold for deformable metal surfaces, enamel works differently. Hydroxyapatite crystallites are "glued" together by proteins, and tissue removal requires only that contact pressure be sufficient to break the bonds holding enamel together.


In the United Kingdom adult English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) policy is included under the government's adult literacy and numeracy strategy. This has produced tensions in ESOL provision, which has been politicised by wider debates on immigration and integration. Global flows that are transforming United Kingdom cities are producing 'superdiverse' classrooms with students from widely different educational backgrounds and literacy levels. The recent United Kingdom research has reflected the 'social turn' in adult ESOL studies, focusing on the relationship of context and language where the ESOL classroom is only part of a complex sociolinguistic environment. Both political and theoretical debates are illustrated in three sets of projects: the ESOL Effective Practice Project; the ESOL Case Studies project; and a series of projects that highlight some of the tensions in literacy and ESOL provision. Future research, we argue, needs to focus more on second-language development and the literacy/English language relationship, as well as taking a more critical stance on provision.


One hundred teacher candidates enrolled in a mandatory course on service learning were surveyed pre- and post-course to determine their civic attitudes and willingness to take the service learning course. Quantitative analysis indicated significant growth in civic attitudes in all students, and this growth was not differentially affected by the students' willingness to take the course. Qualitative data were analyzed to determine the underpinnings for students' perceptions, and recommendations about the wisdom of making such courses mandatory in teacher preparation programs are provided.


The invention concerns a screw for insertion into a bone, in particular for securing plates which help to fix bone parts. The screw has a body comprising a threaded section and a head which adjoins the latter directly or indirectly and on which a device for screwing the screw body into the bone is provided. The screw is characterized in that the device for screwing in the screw body is a shank which is integral with the head, at least one predetermined breaking point being formed in the connection region between the head and shank. The invention further concerns a tool for removing this screw or its screw body.


A number of traits have been identified that distinguish the joke from the comic tale. These traits are not ofequal rank. The punch line is the defining feature of the joke, and it conditions all the other differences between the two forms. Bot h structural and stylistic proper ties of the punch line are explored. Humor depends upon the discernment of an appropriate incongruity. This conceptualization holds that humor proceeds upon the apprehension of a structure of ideas rather than from the reaction to particular ideas, motives, or events. Incongruity theory was first formulated in the eighteenth Century by James Beattie, who believed that laughter arose from a view of incongruous parts or circumstances united in one complex assemblage (1778: 347). It has recently been reformulated and formalized by linguist Victor Raskin, who has described the conditions for humor äs the compatibility, fully or in part, of two different scripts which are (in some special sense) opposite (Raskin 1985a: 99). The necessary and sufficient conditions under which a text qualifies äs humorous, however, cannot be used to distinguish the forms of humorous expression. A species cannot be distinguished utilizing the attributes of the class. Consequently, while the notion of appropriate incongruity (or incongruous assemblages, or compatibly opposed scripts) provides a framework for describing why a particular joke is funny, it provides no basis for assessing why a particular humorous form is a "joke" rather than some other type of expression, or why one joke can be regarded äs "funnier" than another (Raskin 1985a: 87). Here I am interested in exploring such distinctions. What are the differences between humorous narratives that we tend to regard äs jokes Humor 2-4 (1989), 349-364. 0933-1719/89/0002-0349 $2.00 © Mouton de Gmyter


In this paper, we propose a generic framework to human perception analysis in video understanding based on multiple visual cues. Video features that prominently influence human perception, such as motion, contrast, special scenes, and statistical rhythm, are first extracted and modeled. A perception curve that corresponds to human perception change is then constructed from these individual models using linear or priority based fusion approach. As an important application of the perceptive analysis framework, a feasible scheme for video summarization is implemented in order to demonstrate the validity, robustness, and generality of the proposed framework. The frames that correspond to the peak points in these individual models and the fusion curve are extracted as multilevel summarizations that include video keywords, keyframes, and dynamic segments. The subjective evaluations from a supplementary volunteer study on video summarizations indicate that the analysis framework is effective and offer a promising approach to semantic video management, access, and understanding


A 7-year-old boy with no medical history was referred with intermittent right hip/groin pain, exacerbated by exercise. Examination was normal and initial investigation including ultrasound and MRI proved inconclusive. A prolonged course of physiotherapy failed to resolve the pain. Repeat examination was unremarkable with a full pain free …


The promotion of renewable energy is an essential part of EU energy policy, and it significantly contributes to the implementation of the Energy Union Framework strategy. With a 17% share in final energy consumption in 2015, the EU and the vast majority of Member States are well on track in terms of renewable energy deployment. The proposal for an energy cluster based policy, together with the energy clusters pilot packages, now under examination, aims to tackle the barriers limiting further local renewable energy growth.


The article discusses current approaches to determining the legal status of cryptocurrencies in order to create effective mechanisms of economic and legal support for their use in Ukraine. Attention is drawn to such a necessary factor as cooperation in the digital sphere between the state, individuals, and groups in the context of the «digital interdependence» paradigm, which was formulated at the #EuroDig2019 UN Digital Interdependence Report. The process of transformation of existing approaches to defining the economic and legal nature of cryptocurrencies by leading countries and international financial regulators is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies have been systematized, as well as the genesis of such cryptocurrency as Bitcoin. It is determined that cryptocurrency is a new stage after the first electronic money, as well as the main advantages of its use, namely: instantaneous speed of payments (from a few seconds to several minutes); absence of transaction commission; anonymity of calculations; irreversibility of payments; no need to convert to the currency of the country of production of payments, a high degree of security of operations. The previous attempts of public authorities in Ukraine to establish a legal regime for the cryptocurrency market by adopting relevant regulatory legal acts in this area are analyzed. The ways of optimization of the legislation on cryptocurrencies in Ukraine are proposed in order to significantly enhance the innovative component of the Ukrainian economy and create competitive advantages for economic entities


There are many historians who not only challenge any Zoroastrian "influence," even when framed on the Hinnells model, but also there are some who insist on the Ugaritic origin of Jewish monotheism, for example, Mark S Smith, The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background & the Ugaritic Texts, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001., pp. 265-6. See also references provided for it by Jonathan Goldstein in Peoples of an almighty god: Competing Religions in the Ancient World. New York: Doubleday, 2002, p. 288.


The effect of hydrostatic pressures of 3.5%NaCl solution on the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coating was studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results revealed that the hydrostatic pressure greatly affected the failure process of the coating.The diffusion rate of the electrolyte solution through the coatings was accelerated in the solution under high hydrostatic pressure.Compared with the case under atmospheric pressure,the coating resistance was reduced;the charge-transfer resistance was decreased,metal corrosion reaction was more accelerated;the protection properties of the coating was deteriorated.


The Isidro Ayora School located in the Latacunga Canton, between Quijano / Ordonez and Tarqui streets, has a museum that is open to the citizens without any age difference, projecting during the tour in a traditional, monotonous and unconventional way all their art, By this factor the influx of public is very sporadic, which does not allow the development and recognition of the Museum. For the development of the research was applied the hypothetical-deductive method and the analytical, on the other hand was applied the methodology of application development for Smartphones Mobile-D; Through the collection of information that involves eld research, it was veri ed that the Museum does not have technological alternatives that allow the dissemination of the historical-cultural heritage, thus demonstrating that the creation of the virtual guide through mobile technology is the technological solution to improve The user's experience in visiting and disseminating museums; So is the search for the use of new technologies helping to turn a forgotten environment into an interactive and friendly environment. With the implementation of Mobile Technology in the Museum of the Isidro Ayora School, visitors will be able to interact with the art articles displayed and visualize their information on any Android device through a multimedia library by simply scanning the QR code that each contains and In consequence it will allow the innovation, difusion and recognition of the Museum.


Islamic bank can play a role in improving the welfare of the community. Through the intermediary function, Islamic banks raise funds deposits and channel financing for productive purposes. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of Islamic bank financing to increase economic productivity and job creation. This study uses simultaneous panel estimation technique with Two Stage Least Square (TSLS) method, using secondary data from 2005-2016. The results of this study reveal that the financing of Islamic banks play a role in increasing economic activity and employment, the role of Islamic banks finance large from the role of conventional bank credit, although the contribution is not too large. Regression result per sector of economy indicates that financing of syariah bank give positive role to increase economic activity in each. The role of financing for job creation by economic sector shows different results. Most Shariah banking financing in the economic sector (7 sectors) provides a positive role for job creation. Financing in the agricultural and mining sectors plays a negative role in job creation.


The International Journal of Urban Science has a focus on the scientific study of the urban milieu. Urban transportation is a key component of the urban experience as it is the multimodal transportation network that keeps urban society physically connected. In this special issue on urban transportation, leading authors from several countries in Asia as well as two other continents explore various aspects of the subject for modes ranging from air transport, Light Rail Transit, taxi, to auto, as well as for a multi-modal scenario. In the first paper, 'Fusion of probe and fixed sensor data for short-term traffic prediction in urban signalized arterials', B. Mehran and M. Kuwahara from Japan study the estimation of vehicle trajectories in the short term, using dual data streams, which is essential for real time traffic management in major signalized routes. They use kinematic wave theory as well as Dynamic Programming in their approach and use real data to evaluate the performance of their proposed methodology. In the second paper, 'A time-dependent logit-based taxi customer-search model', W.Y. Szeto, R.C.P. Wong, S.C. Wong and H. Yang from Hong Kong use GPS data to study the searching behaviour of urban taxi drivers and validate 'profit per unit time' as a significant factor that influences the decisions to favour particular districts. The results demonstrate that the searching behaviour is a function of the time of day and, when demand is high, the drivers tend to remain in the area where the previous fare alighted. The third paper titled 'Impact of urbanization on user expectations related to public transport accessibility' contributed by U. Vandebona (Australia) and H. Tsukaguchi (Japan) has explored how city dwellers change their opinion according to the available level of service. This paper showed that there is a community-based threshold value below which walking time to public transit is expected to be kept. Such threshold values are related to the level of urbanization of the community. In the fourth paper titled 'System cost-based multi-criteria analysis for urban transport solutions', A.S. Kumarage and J. Weerawardane from Sri Lanka studied the economic impact on the transport system as a whole when an intervention is made to one of the existing modes, or a new mode is introduced. They considered user time costs, operating costs as well as investment costs. A contribution byA.G. de Barros of Canada is the fifth paper titled 'Sustainable integration of airports into urban planning – a review' in which he reviews the issues associated with integrating airports into the urban environment in a sustainable manner. Issues that have not been satisfactory resolved include the provision of adequate public transport service for passengers and employees; determining acceptable levels of noise and mitigation measures; and establishment of obstacle clearance standards that guarantee the safety of aircraft while minimizing the impact on the urban development. The paper by A. Ceder, S. Hassold, C. Dunlop and I. Chen of New Zealand on 'Improving urban public-transport service using new timetabling strategies with different vehicle sizes' is listed sixth. It deals with using variable bus sizes to handle reliability issues arising in the scheduling of buses with even headways, but uneven loads at maximum load points,


Late stent thrombosis (LST) is an increasingly recognized complication of drug-eluting stents (DES). Colombo and Corbett (1) in their editorial in JACC summarized the evidence and provided perspective. From the data it could be concluded that LST is not overemphasized as has been suggested, but rather deserves more attention. Although a very uncommon occurrence, LST has a mortality of up to 45% (2). Long-term mandatory dual antiplatelet therapy, although effective in reducing LST, carries its own risks and is not an ideal solution. The advantage of DES over baremetal stents is only in the reduction of restenosis, an important complication but not one carrying a significant risk of death (3). In the absence of a clinical trial powered for mortality, the uncommon complication of late stent thrombosis is of great importance, and may mean that drug-eluting stents are not a better choice than bare-metal stents.


PT. XYZ is a company engaged in printing services, which produces its main products are newspapers and commercial products such as tabloids, magazines, books, Al-Quran, and other print media products. PT. XYZ uses a continuous production process system, in this production system, the company demands that all machines are in good condition, so that the production process does not experience delays or losses. From checking all the machines that are in the company every day, it is found that the machine that suffered a lot of damage, and the biggest downtime data is web rotary offset printing. The type of treatment currently used is corrective maintenance, where repairs will be carried out when damage has occurred. Therefore, the research aims to provide a proposal for preventive maintenance with a modularity design method by grouping machines based on functions, with the hope that it can simplify the process of component replacement, reducing downtime on production machines and minimizing losses caused by engine damage. By applying preventive maintenance with the modularity design method, the total maintenance cost is Rp. 39.504.127,-. This result has a difference of Rp. 8.801.062, smaller than the total cost of corrective maintenance used by the company today, which is Rp. 48.305.189,-. According to the calculation, the efficiency level is 18,21% and it can be concluded that the proposed method is feasible to be applied by the company.


The new National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) differs from the previous ones in that it has a larger sample size has greater sampling precision among black women and is being run in 2 cycles so that the data collection is closer together. The previous surveys have been run at 5-year intervals. Cycle 1 of this survey was completed during the latter half of 1973 and the results are now available on a microdata tape for public use. Publication of results began in October 1976. Results from Cycle 2 are expected to start appearing in late 1977. A detailed description of the methodology of this fertility survey is given. Cycle 1 further documents the decline in expected family size observed since the mid-1960s. The inverse association between age of mother at 1st birth and education remains strong and expectations of black mothers remain significantly higher than for white. An interesting observation is that women who are in poor health or whose last baby was in poor health have higher fertility and higher overall family size expectations. More study is needed on this phenomenum. Use of contraception continued to increase reaching almost 70% of married women. Excluding women not at risk of unplanned pregnancy 89% were contraceptors. Use of the pill increased from 15.3% to 25.1% of IUDs from .7% to 6.7% and sterilization from 7.8% to 16.4% between 1965-1973. Among wives over 30 sterilization was by far the most popular method. Black women were less likely to use contraception but among those who did use contraception more used the more effective methods. Use of the pill was 56.5% among black women and 44.9% among white. A report on the wantedness of births in Cycle 1 is forthcoming.


Safety and reliability of inverter circuit is necessary assurance for the normal operation of STATCOM.In this paper,the open circuit fault of STATACOM inverter circuit is taken as a research object,the data is obtained by MATLAB simulation,the Fourier analysis of three-phase output current is made and a method to collect fault characteristic by the use of DC and fundamental harmonic contents of three phase current is proposed.It is shown by the analysis that use of the method can correctly judge type of fault and locate the faulty.


Abstract Water pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues recently, especially in relation to chemical-containing wastewater. Uncontrolled industrial waste, including large amounts of dye-containing wastewater from textile industries, needs intensive attention. In this work, the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite biogenic silica from Salacca zalacca leaf ash was conducted for the photo-Fenton-like degradation of dye waste. The use of Salacca zalacca leaf ash and the nanoflake form is the novelty of this work. The physicochemical characterization of the material was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-DRS) analyses, and photocatalytic activity of material was investigated in wet peroxidation of rhodamine B and batik wastewater. The results showed homogeneously dispersed Fe3O4 in SiO2 support with a nanoflake form, and a crystallite size of 44.9 nm was obtained. XRD investigation revealed the single phase of Fe3O4, which is consistent with the TEM analysis. The bandgap energy of 2.21 eV was reported from UV-DRS measurements, which influenced the increasing photocatalytic activity and reusability of the nanocomposite compared to pure Fe3O4. The photocatalyst showed the maximum degradation efficiency (DE) of 99.9% after 60 min, and the reusability feature was expressed, as there was an insignificant change in the DE over the fifth cycle of use. The material exhibited photocatalytic oxidation of batik wastewater as the removal of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and color reached 95.55%, 89.59%, and 90.00%, respectively.


be noticed in any religion or culture.  Post industrialization era witnessed major women rights movement and women were able to win certain rights, but still the condition of women in majority of Asian nations is alarming. The contemporary condition of Afghan Women is an outstanding example in support of the above mentioned claim. Afghanistan may be the only country in the world where during the last century kings and politicians have been made and undone by struggles relating to women status. Recently, the situation of women under the Taliban rule has been center stage. The situation of women came to symbolize to Western military powers a justification of war in the name of freedom of women. But the situation of women in Afghanistan today is not only the result of the Taliban's policies. There is a history over the centuries of women's subjugation. Even in more recent times the Mujahedeen's (1992-1996) record is worse than the Taliban's. Thus, one must approach the analysis of women's situation in Afghanistan, not through the ideological formulation of before and after the Taliban, but within the larger historical context of Afghanistan. Only such a perspective can ensure that women will be seen as integral to the rebuilding of the Afghan nation. In this paper, I try to zero in on the conditional history of women in Afghanistan for four basic reasons. Firstly, women in Afghanistan were not always oppressed by fundamentalism as occurred under the Mujahedeen and the Taliban. Secondly, to show that women issues were an integral part of national agendas as early as 1920s.Third,to discuss that there was a time when Afghan women were ahead in every aspects as compared to the women of Indian subcontinent and other major Asian Nations. Fourthly, to highlight the power of tribal/community leaders in defining the role of women and in successfully resisting any modernization that would challenge their patriarchal authority. This paper chronicles Afghanistan's political history to highlight the sporadic efforts made to empower women in an attempt to create a sense of nationhood. This is essential to explore because the political and powerful nature of tribal dictates in the Afghan countryside, and the oppositional ruling parties and elite are instrumental in determining the scope of women's lives. Women in Afghanistan are not an isolated institution; their fate is entwined with and determined by historical, political, social, economic and religious forces. In addition to a range of internal tensions, outside or international political forces have impacted Afghanistan in significant ways. While the rulers of Kabul and the governments till the regime of martyred President Najibullah were women friendly and believe that strong women community could lead the nation on the path of progress, this paper attempts to explore that Afghanistan as a nation can only become stable when women rights are safeguarded and they are allowed to play an essential role in the society as well as nation rebuilding.


This paper addresses the use of on-body sensors for tracking and monitoring Retuerta wild horses (one of the oldest horse breeds in Europe) over a 12-month period in the Doñana National Park, Andalusia, Spain. The challenges are outlined and the design of the Prospeckz-5 platform, which is used in both the sensor node on the horses and in the base stations for gathering data, is described. Results are presented for tests on the performance of the antenna and the solar cell array charger ahead of deployment on the horses in Spain.


Using a tight-binding model, we theoretically examine the anisotropic conductivity of the nodal line semimetal of a three-dimensional Dirac electron in a single-component molecular conductor [Pd(dddt)2], which consists of four molecules with HOMO and LUMO orbitals per unit cell. The conductivity shows an anisotropy given by σy > σx > σz in accordance with that of the velocity of the Dirac cone where z is the interlayer direction and y is the molecular stacking direction. With increasing pressure, the nodal line semimetal emerges, followed by a loop of the Dirac point where σx takes its maximum at a pressure. Such a pressure dependence is studied by calculating the density of states and chemical potential. The temperature dependence of anisotropic conductivity is examined at low temperatures to obtain a constant behavior, which is ascribed to the Dirac electron. The relevance of the present calculation to the experiment is discussed.


Device (8) massage and / or applying a cosmetic product to a body surface of a user, of the type comprising: - a support (11); - an applicator (12) carried by the support (11), the applicator (12) being intended to come into contact with the body surface of the user and being adapted to perform a movement back and forth along an axis of movement (a-a ') between an initial position and an end position; - a cam (13) rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (B-B ') perpendicular to the axis of movement (A-A') of the applicator (12) having a cam surface, the cam ( 13) cooperating with a contact applicator surface (12) without being mechanically linked thereto; - an assembly (14) rotating the cam (13) about its axis (B-B '), the rotation of the assembly (14) for driving and the cam (13) being adapted to be converted into a movement back and forth of the applicator (12) between the initial position and the stroke end position; characterized in that the cam surface has at least one discontinuity around the axis of rotation (B-B ').


[Problem] in the wet paint booth, which can solve the failure due to serious odor and a high concentration of turbid components in the number of booth circulation of the widespread use and increased complexity and variety of the driving form of an aqueous slurry a wet paint booth treating agent and It provides a processing method. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] represented by the following general formula (1) α- chloro benzalkonium doksim compound wet paint booth circulating water treatment agent and treatment method of containing represented by.


Maps and illustrations Preface Abbreviations Chapter 1, The Long Third Century Chapter 2, Four lords of the world, AD 284-311 Chapter 3, The Empire renewed Chapter 4, The Return of the Old Gods Chapter 5, The victory of Constantine Chapter 6, Towards the sunrise: Constantine Augustus Chapter 7, Constructing the Christian emperor Chapter 8, The sons of Constantine Chapter 9, Warfare and Imperial Security AD 337-361 Chapter 10, Church and Empire Chapter 11, Images of women Chapter 12, Rome and Antioch Chapter 13, Julian Augustus Chapter 14, The funeral director Chronology Guide to Further Reading Bibliography of Modern Works Cited Index.


We present a quantum solution to the electron spin decoherence by a nuclear pair-correlation method for the electron-nuclear spin dynamics under a strong magnetic field and a temperature high for the nuclear spins but low for the electron. The theory incorporates the hyperfine interaction, the intrinsic (both direct and indirect) nuclear interactions, and the extrinsic nuclear coupling mediated by the hyperfine interaction with the single electron in question. The last is shown to be important in free-induction decay (FID) of the single electron spin coherence. The spin-echo eliminates the hyperfine-mediated decoherence but only reduces the decoherence by the intrinsic nuclear interactions. Thus, the decoherence times for single spin FID and ensemble spin-echo are significantly different. The decoherence is explained in terms of quantum entanglement, which involves more than the spectral diffusion.


Abstract: This article deals with the use of the euro in international trade, particularly as a unit of account. It seeks to analyze the evolution of the single currency in its essential facet of international currency, especially in the academic sphere, by examining the ideas and assumptions made by economists prior to the launch of the euro, right up to today's crisis. Although data regarding international trade invoicing are scarce, stylized facts reveal that the euro is a high and stable invoicing currency regionally, but not internationally. Indeed, the euro has failed to reach the status of vehicle currency: the euro is used only on specific markets where exporters are able to choose the currency of denomination. Moreover, since the euro was conceived in a neoclassical way, it is subject to institutional concerns, especially a lack of political support to foster a dynamics of internationalization.


Taking the valuation lattice to be the unit interval ,this paper introduces the valuation density function and defines the probability truth degree.In addition it discusses some forms of valuation density and gains some rules to guide the probability truth degree inference.


Introduction: Household batteries, if not recycled, are one of the sources of environmental pollution.Educational intervention can change the behavior for recycling these batteries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education on battery recycling among housewives. Methods: In this randomized quasi-experimental study, using random sampling, 120 housewives referring to health centers in Karaj city were selected and were equally divided into intervention and control groups.The educational intervention program consisted of 10 one-hour sessions of group training about battery components and their risks, separation methods, and disposal. Data were collected before and three months after the educational intervention using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and Chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test and analysis of covariance. Results: The mean age of participants was 35 ± 4. 63 years and about 70% had high school and university education. Covariance analysis showed that, after the educational intervention, there is a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, abstract norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention variables (P-value <0.05). Also, the average battery recycling behavior in housewives of the intervention group improved significantly after the educational intervention (P-Value <0.001). Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice for battery recycling increased after the educational intervention. Therefore, continuous training for battery recycling is recommended.


We study the nature and stability of stationary solutions $u(x)$ of the fourth order Swift–Hohenberg equation on a bounded domain $(0,L)$ with boundary conditions $u=0$ and $u''=0$ at $x=0$ and $x=L$. It is well known that as L increases, the set of stationary solutions becomes increasingly complex. Numerical studies have exhibited two interesting types of structures in the bifurcation diagram for $(L,u)$. In this paper we demonstrate through a center manifold analysis how these structures arise naturally near certain bifurcation points, and that there are no others. We also analyze their stability properties.


Fifteen cultivars of chrysanthemum were evaluated to study their performance at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Venkatramannagudem. Positive and significant variations were observed for growth, and flower yield. Among the cultivars, maximum plant height was observed in Cv. Geethanjali, while the Cv. Aparijitha recorded maximum plant spread and number of primary branches per plant. Days taken for flower bud initiation and days taken to 50 per cent flowering varied significantly with the varieties. Local check was early to flower, whereas Cv. Red Stone was late to flower and Cv Punjab Gold has taken more number of days to 50 per cent flowering. Duration of flowering was maximum for local check and minimum for Cv. Aparijitha. Local check took less number days to first and final harvest which was on par with Cv. Meera. The cultivars Meera and Aparijitha had more number of flowers per plant and Cv. Aparijitha significantly superceeded the other varieties by recording more yield per hectare.


Inspired by a recent work on orbital adaptive time-dependent coupled-cluster theory [1], we have developed a new theoretical framework named time-dependent restricted-activespace self-consistent field (TD-RASSCF) theory for time-dependent many-electron dynamics. Optimising the orbitals at each time step with incorporating the RAS ansatz, i.e., decomposing the orbital space into several subspaces, among which electron transitions are conditionally allowed, one can expand the wave function accurately using relatively small numbers of orbitals and configurations. This computationally economical approach will make it possible to analyse laser-induced many-electron dynamics of large atoms and molecules beyond the capability of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method [2].


In the wavelet analysis of a signal, if a digital signal is represented in certain resolution sampling space, the Mallet's algorithm can be used to decompose the digital signal into wavelet components with varying resolutions and a vague lowpass spectrum component. In this paper, a general algorithm of the digital signal representation in certain resolution sampling space based on Shannon's sampling theorem is discussed, and the method of how to contfol the approximatian error by choosing the sampling rate is given. At the end of the paper, two computing examples are given.


Abstract This article presents the major findings of an international study that attempted to investigate the labour market outcomes of qualifications frameworks in six countries – Belize, France, Ireland, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, and Tunisia, as well as the regional framework in the Caribbean. It finds limited evidence of success, but fairly strong support for the frameworks. The continued popularity of qualifications frameworks as a reform mechanism seems to be symptomatic of the ways in which transitions from education to work are in flux in many countries, coupled with the fragmented and complex systems of vocational provision in some of the countries. Even where such systems are not overly complex they have weak and possibly weakening relationships with work. Insufficient differentiation of different types of frameworks by policy makers obscures these factors, leading to misleading ideas about what frameworks can do in general. Extending existing typologies for the analysis of qualifications frameworks the paper argues that the French framework, where labour markets were the most regulated and collective bargaining had the widest reach, had the clearest relationships between qualifications and work. However, the qualifications framework did not seem to be the cause, but rather the effect of such relationships.


Now a day the World Wide Web (WWW) is a most triumphant communication medium. This represents revolutionary tools to communicate and access information, which enables to access innumerable documents on a huge variety of topics. Though the profusion of information, languages frequently cause troubles. Conversion from another language to Bangla language is instantly a highly demand for Bangladeshi peoples because they are inducing so rapidly on digital contracting and web resources. The Universal Networking Language (UNL)[5] deals to minimize above problems. This helps to conquer the language blockade among citizens of different nations to solve problems rising from current globalization trends. In this paper we propose the psychiatry of Bangla Dirukta Shobdo and translation of Bangla sentences to UNL expression. Here we actually are paying attention on a concept in bangla "Dirukta Shobdo" from Bangla Grammar and what are the principle of converting dirukto shobdo to UNL language and the process of implementation.


The research aimed to elucidate hypercalcemic regulation in juvenile sea bream confronted with an experimentally induced limited access to environmental calcium. The principle to restrict sea bream in its access to calcium in water and diet was to activate hypercalcemic regulatory factors such as PTHrP and study the role of PTHrP in regulation of the calcium balance. Correlations between plasma ionic calcium and plasma PTHrP and between plasma PTHrP and pituitary gland pthrp mRNA expression show that PTHrP, as an endocrine factor, is important in maintenance of fish plasma calcium balance. Variation in the need for calcium (bone mineralisation, vitellogenesis) or the availability of environmental calcium (limited concentrations in water or diet) urge the endocrine system to respond rapidly to regulate the ionic calcium level. PTHrP-involvement in skeletal and scale physiology has been established in bone mineralisation (during growth and development) and in calcium reabsorption from the scales, when processes as vitellogenesis require extra calcium. The very strict control of calcium homeostasis (by a plethora of endocrines: PTHrP, PTH, PRL, stanniocalcin, calcitonin, E2, calcitriol, cortisol, etc.) and plasma ionic calcium levels through swift endocrine adjustments make this a complicated field of research. However, a new array of paradigms with a key role for fish shows involvement of PTHrP in vitellogenesis, cortisol production, Mrp2 activity and melatonin synthesis. Such studies will rapidly expand our knowledge on this pleiotropic hormone. They show that the calciotropic actions of PTHrP concern organismal as well as cellular physiological phenomena. Studies on fish give insight in original functions of PTHrP-regulated processes and, once again, show the power of comparative endocrinology.


Abstract : Strategic documents and policies, from the United States' National Security Strategy down to the SOUTHCOM Commander's Posture Statement to Congress, recognize the role of economic development and liberalized trade in promoting global and regional security. However, domestic agricultural subsidies appear to negate or limit the potential positive impacts of free trade agreements in the SOUTHCOM AOR. Two questions arise from this apparent disparity. First, are U.S. agricultural subsidies detrimental to free trade and trade liberalization in the SOUTHCOM AOR? Second, what role should the Department of Defense, specifically the Combatant Commander, assume in shaping domestic issues that undermine national defense objectives within a given AOR? This thesis will focus primarily on two cases of domestic agricultural subsidies that appear to most significantly impact international concerns regarding trade liberalization within the SOUTHCOM AOR. Domestic corn subsidies and cotton subsidies will be the primary cases due to the preponderance of information regarding the impacts of such subsidies on new and future trade agreements. Academic research and historical data confirm a statistically significant positive relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth and between economic growth and stability. However, domestic policies that limit the ability of free trade agreements to increase regional stability do not necessarily threaten U.S. national security. The SOUTHCOM Commander should attempt to influence domestic policies that foster instability within his AOR when such policies threaten U.S. national security.


This article presents an interesting case study in the development and growth of a Filipiniana Collection in one of the country 's leading academic institutions. The state of
the art of De La Salle University Library s collection of Filipiniana, from its early beginnings in 1970 until school year 2000, speaks loudly of the commitment of this
institution to contribute to the organization, preservation and use of our cultural heritage as embodied in this unique body of literature.


The article reviews the relevant concepts in assessing sustainability at the sector level for British agriculture and forestry. It notes that the use of reproducible capital is not sustainable in the sector as depreciation has exceeded gross fixed capital formation for some years, although that retrenchment may, however, be an appropriate response to expected lower farm prices and increased efficiency in the use of capital. It then exemplifies the problems of measuring the sustainability of use of natural capital by reference to specific problems, namely the release of global pollutants from agriculture and forestry, the economic cost of soil erosion and the economic cost associated with damage to Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). On the basis of a wider review of the context of these changes, it is concluded that the sustainability of primary land use, as currently practised, must await substantial research before positive claims can be made for its overall sustainability.


This article draws on three in-depth interviews with teenage migrants, two asylum seekers and one from Portugal. The interviews reveal experiences particular to young new arrivals attempting to find ways of being in a global city where they find themselves living in multicultural localities that are occasionally the sites of conflict as well as "togetherness in difference" (Ang, 2002, p. 162). The lived experiences of the informants are contrasted with their positioning by their educational programmes and ESOL teachers. I question whether the education they are receiving and the kind of classrooms they are placed in best serve young refugees and other migrants as they attempt to finish their interrupted schooling and become members of local communities and the workforce.


Fiber‐reinforced polymer composites have gained significant importance in engineering applications and are widely used as structural components. The optimal choice of combinations of the type of polymer matrix and the fiber content depend on the required applications. In view of this, polypropylene (PP), a thermoplastic, reinforced with 30 wt.% of short glass fibers (PP‐GF30) is considered for this study. Additionally, a rather new composite system based on unsaturated polyester‐polyurethane hybrid resin (UPPH) is introduced. This thermoset‐based material is reinforced with 41 wt.% of long discontinuous glass fibers (UPPH‐GF41). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is performed on the pure polymer and the composite samples to experimentally characterize the temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent material behavior. It is observed that the stiffness of the materials is highly temperature‐dependent. PP exhibits a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in the temperature range of possible applications whereas the UPPH material shows a less pronounced behavior. The resulting experimental data not only give general information on the material behavior of the composite subjected to a temperature and frequency load but also provide input as well as validation data for the developed material modeling methods. In an industrial environment, homogenized elastic material properties are desirable for analysis of the structural components at room temperature conditions. A mean field homogenization method is introduced to estimate the effective elastic material properties on a macroscopic scale. This method is formulated explicitly in terms of orientation tensors of second‐ and fourth‐order, describing quantitatively the microstructure of the corresponding composite. Additionally, the thermoviscoelastic material behavior for the considered temperature range is modeled by the free volume concept. In this context, the material parameters for the pure PP and UPPH material are identified. The calculated simulation results are compared with the experimental data entailing good agreements.


This paper deals with the 2D interpretation of drying tests, through an inverse method, for the identification of the permeability of a partially saturated argillite. A drying test consists in measuring the mass variation, whose kinetic depends on permeability, of a rock sample under a variable relative humidity. Hydro-mechanical couplings, as well as the presence of gas both result in a non linear diffusion direct problem, which is solved by a finite element method. The constitutive model chosen is the non linear thermoporoelastic model due to Coussy. Several coupling effects were considered. The backanalysis of drying tests is then a parameter identification problem, which can be brought back to an inverse problem, consisting in the minimisation of a cost-functional quantifying the discard between mass variations measured during the test and calculated by finite element, the later depending on the parameters to be identified, that is the parameters characterizing the permeability.


The present invention relates to a coating system, comprising at least one alternating nanolayers A and B to each other nanolayer formed by deposition of a multilayer film, wherein the nano-layer A mainly containing aluminum chromium nitride, boron, and the B layer mainly comprising nano aluminum chromium nitride.


The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a global emergency. It examines the impact of the pandemic on Sri Lanka's economy and poverty. Information about COVID-!9 was gathered and analysed from national and international research initiatives, as well as news articles about COVID-19, which formed the basis of the paper's content. It is likely that COVID-19 will have a short-to medium term impact on the Sri Lankan economy. COVID-19 and its impact on the Sri Lankan economy have been highlighted as a result of these pandemics occurring over time. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted major income-producing businesses in a number of ways. Overall, it shows that poverty is more like to increase.


The research of deformation characteristics of the rubber reinforced support parts (RRBP), which compensate static and dynamic loadings of elements of bridge constructions, is conducted. The technology for manufacturing RRBP using new materials is developed; their deformation characteristics are investigated with the purpose of determination of the predicted operation life.


OF THE DISCLOSURE A composition comprising a bioelectric polyurethane having a negative static potential of from about 200 to 300 millivolts, and internal prostheses made thereof. Spe cifically a polyurethane composition containing 10 per cent by weight of a conductive carbon black uniformly distributed therein. Artificial blood vessels made of a bio electric polyurethane approximate natural blood vessels in physical and electrical characteristics. This invention relates to bioelectric polyurethane as hereinafter defined and internal prostheses made of the same. More particularly this invention relates to a bio electric polyurethane containing about 10 percent of a conductive carbon black and artificial blood vessels formed of the same. Significant advances have been made in recent years in the development of various artificial organs to replace diseased or damaged organs in the body. At the same time, there has been much research without significant practical success in the field of vascular prosthetics. The main problem with which those working in this art have been plagued has been concerned with the complicated processes occurring at the blood-graft interface. It has been found that the addition of a solid foreign material, no matter what its composition might be, to the blood stream results in the formation of a blood clot on that material. Porous prosthetics have demonstrated consider able use in larger blood vessels, but have not proven successful when adapted to smaller arteries. Non-porous materials have lent themselves to experimentation in this field but success has not been achieved in their use in arteries of less than 4.0 mm. internal diameter. The solid materials have found considerable use in the field of artificial internal organs. They have been used in pump ing chambers, arteries, and as materials for encompassing structures having moving parts. In all these embodiments a necessary property of the non-porous material is elas ticity. This property is also required of the ideal vascular prosthetic material. It would be helpful, however, if the same material could be made into a rigid member. Various techniques have been suggested for improving the nonthrombogenic properties of plastic materials, but each prior art procedure suggested has suffered from one or more disadvantages. Generally, the use of these mate rials is limited either due to their chemical and physical properties or their short-term efficacy. . Various theories have been formulated to explain the causes of, and phenomena involving, the processes occur ring at the blood-graft interface. Perhaps the most fas cinating and physiologically sound concept of the nature of the vascular interface has been advanced by Sawyer et al. Through numerous studies, that have been varied 1. Sawyer et al., "Some Electrochemical Properties of Solid Liquid Interfaces, and the Electrode Behayor of Erythro cytes,' Biophysical Mechanisms in Wascular Homeostasis and Intravascular Thrombosis, Sawyer, P.N., ed. (1965). 5


Simple Summary To identify the prognostic significance of 5mC-related lncRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), we examined the expression levels and mutations of 21 5mC-regulated genes of COAD in TCGA. We also identified lncRNAs associated with 5mC regulatory genes using Pearson correlation analysis. After the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression, the risk signature of 4 5mC-related lncRNAs was selected. Next, the risk signature's predictive efficacy was proven. Moreover, the biological mechanism and potential immunotherapeutic response of this risk signature were identified. Collectively, we constructed the 5mC-related lncRNA risk signature, which could provide a novel prognostic prediction of COAD patients. Abstract Globally, colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most frequent types of malignant tumors. About 40~50% of patients with advanced colon adenocarcinoma die from recurrence and metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) regulatory genes have been demonstrated to involve in the progression and prognosis of COAD. The goal of this study was to explore the biological characteristics and potential predictive value of 5mC-related lncRNA signature in COAD. In this research, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized to obtain the expression of genes and somatic mutations in COAD, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to select lncRNAs involved in 5mC-regulated genes. Furthermore, we applied univariate Cox regression and Lasso Cox regression to construct 5mC-related lncRNA signature. Then Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and a nomogram were performed to estimate the prognostic effect of the risk signature. GSEA was utilized to predict downstream access of the risk signature. Finally, the immune characteristics and immunotherapeutic signatures targeting this risk signature were analyzed. In the results, we obtained 1652 5mC-related lncRNAs by Pearson correlation analysis in the TCGA database. Next, we selected a risk signature that comprised 4 5mC-related lncRNAs by univariate and Lasso Cox regression. The prognostic value of the risk signature was proven. Finally, the biological mechanism and potential immunotherapeutic response of the risk signature were identified. Collectively, we constructed the 5mC-related lncRNA risk signature, which could provide a novel prognostic prediction of COAD patients.


Asymmetries in information between buyers and sellers about product quality are causes of market failures. The frequency and importance of such market failures is increasing with the intensification of knowledge contents of products and the increase of buyers' interest in unobservable attributes of products including the nature of their production processes. Certification by credible third parties may reduce the frequency and mitigate consequences of market failures. Certification creates a variety of challenges for regulators including consumer and customer protection, maintenance of domestic competition and adherence to multi-lateral and bilateral trade rules. In this paper, we explore legal issues associated with the marketing of certified products using fiber from sustainably managed forests. We analyze the impacts of alternative domestic regulatory regimes and the potential consequences of the emerging international regime of certifying sustainable forests. We explore the implications of these regimes and country characteristics to the formulation of marketing strategies.


Today, violent conflict in the Pashtun tribal belt in Afghanistan and Pakistan is increasing and a number of experts are attempting to understand the dynamics driving this conflict. An examination of two key identities of the Pashtun people reveals how religious identity is being mobilized by one group for political purposes and ethnic identity is inadvertently being threatened by another group. The resulting vortex of threat and mobilization are the source of this increased violence. This paper analyzes the ethnic and religious identities of the Pashtun people to illustrate how identities are used to influence conflict and it will then offer ways for the US and the international community to adjust their activities to reduce conflict in the Pashtun tribal belt.


This article proposes an online stochastic dynamic event-based near-optimal controller for formation in the networked multirobot system. The system is prone to network uncertainties, such as packet loss and transmission delay, that introduce stochasticity in the system. The multirobot formation problem poses a nonzero-sum game scenario. The near-optimal control inputs/policies based on proposed event-based methodology attain a Nash equilibrium achieving the desired formation in the system. These policies are generated online only at events using actor–critic neural network architecture whose weights are updated too at the same instants. The approach ensures system stability by deriving the ultimate boundedness of estimation errors of actor–critic weights and the event-based closed-loop formation error. The efficacy of the proposed approach has been validated in real-time using three Pioneer P3-Dx mobile robots in a multirobot framework. The control update instants are minimized to as low as 20% and 18% for the two follower robots.


Sera and clinical records of 156 patients screened by the Shepherd Foundation, Melbourne, were assessed, making use of new techniques to estimate the cholesterol levels in the beta‐lipoprotein and the pre‐beta‐lipoprotein serum fractions. The ratios of pre‐beta‐cholesterol to beta‐cholesterol have been compared to the lipoprotein phenotyplc patterns as assessed by lipoprotein electrophoresis in conjunction with the levels of the total serum cholesterols and triglycerides.


going to relate to general practice as ordinarily understood ? Outside London it was not too difficult to work out a relationship between the general practitioner and the teaching hospital, but within London it sometimes teemed that the closer the practitioner was to the teaching hospital the less was the relationship. He felt it important to develop the idea of a general care scheme for the community in which the teaching hospital and its relation to general practice, and indeed all the health needs of a particular area, could be defined. Otherwise he foresaw a definite weakening in the pattern of general practice. As things stood at the moment the teaching hospitals in London were going to become increasingly the reserve of super-specialists and the peripheral hospitals were going to grow up without consideration for the functions of the teaching hospital and for the health needs of London. Professor Peart foresaw a chaotic situation developing in ten years' time unless something was done about it. After the main speeches an interesting discussion followed from the floor.


Sponge iron is a metallic product formed by the reduction of iron ore at temperature just below the fusion point of iron. Sponge iron is prepared by direct reduction of iron mud, a kind of waste from chemical factories, and optimum condition of reduction with carbon pellets as reductant is studied. The mechanism of the pretreatment of DSD acid relates to electrochemistry, oxidation/deduction, physical adsorption and flocculation according to a series of experiments.


INTRODUCTION The Australian National Data Service (ANDS) formally commenced operations in January 1, 2009. ANDS is funded through FY 10/11 to make progress towards a number of ten year objectives for data management: A. A national data management environment exists in which Australia's research data reside in a cohesive network of research repositories within an Australian 'data commons'. B. Australian researchers and research data managers are 'best of breed' in creating, managing, and sharing research data under well formed and maintained data management policies. C. Significantly more Australian research data is routinely deposited into stable, accessible and sustainable data management and preservation environments. D. Significantly more people have relevant expertise in data management across research communities and research managing institutions. E. Researchers can find and access any relevant data in the Australian 'data commons'. F. Australian researchers are able to discover, exchange, reuse and combine data from other researchers and other domains within their own research in new ways. G. Australia is able to share data easily and seamlessly to support international and nationally distributed multidisciplinary research teams. (Towards the Australian Data Commons, p. 6)


Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have emerged as some of the simplest light‐emitting devices. Indeed, numerous LECs have been produced using fluorescent polymers; however, initial LEC structures require a mixture of polymers and electrolytes, thus strictly limiting their applicability. In contrast, recent advances in device technologies and material synthesis have opened a route for LECs using nonpolymeric materials. This progress report focuses on current developments in the device concepts, mechanisms, and characteristics of LECs that allow the utilization of nonpolymeric materials. First, the three primary device types, namely, electrochemically doped, ionic‐material, and electrostatically doped LECs, are categorized, and their distinct features are described. Second, electrochemically doped LECs based on small molecules and branched molecules are introduced. Then, an overview of the rapidly growing field of ionic‐material LECs, especially ionic transition metal complexes, ionic small molecules and perovskites, and their characteristics are provided. Following these results, recent achievements in solid‐state materials, such as inorganic single crystals, quantum dots, and 2D materials, as electrostatically doped LECs are highlighted. Finally, an overview and evaluation of these LECs reveal the key directions and remaining issues that must be overcome to further functionalize LECs, which provide a versatile approach for new lighting applications comprising emergent materials.


It is interesting to ask ourselves the question – what makes for a 'classic paper'? For me, it must offer something new. It might be a paper that helps us to further our theoretical understanding of clinical phenomena, or one that offers new directions in clinical practice. It should also withstand the test of time, continuing to hold relevance years down the line. When I recall the early papers that I read in my attempts to understand the enigma that is anorexia nervosa, my mind turns to the work of Kelly Vitousek (formally Bemis) and colleagues. In this article, I will summarise the theoretical model and the outline of treatment as laid out in their paper, before discussing subsequent developments in cognitive behaviour therapy that allow us to assess how well their original work has stood the test of time.


AbstractThis article briefly discusses how rapidly developing visual communication media technologies, such as computerized television, three-dimensional video, interactive television, high definition television, etc. hinder rather than enhance viewers perceptual processes, understanding, and aesthetic appreciation of visual messages presented using such technologies. It is suggested that visual communication media researchers should reach out and cooperate with the developers of these technologies long before they reach the market.


Abstract One of important problems in aerospace engineering is to determine the amount of fluid in the tank in a microgravity environment. There are several methods for doing it, however, there are no proven methods to quickly gauge the amount of propellant in a tank in low gravity conditions. New and more accurate methods of such a measurement are being continually searched for. One of interesting solutions is using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) for this purpose. The article presents both numerical analysis and experimental test results using a spherical tank. The main purpose of the simulation was to determine the effect of the number of electrodes and noise signal level on the quality of reconstruction images. In numerical simulations, different models of dielectric permittivity distribution have been reconstructed. On the basis of numerical simulations, a 24-electrode sensor was designed and made. In experimental tests, different distribution of medium inside the spherical tank was investigated. The results show that the method can directly measure the mass of fuel in the tank, as well as it allows for a visualization of fuel distribution, independent of the tank position in space, and the liquid-propellant system will be used.


High‐density, precisely located, dive and rock‐corer basalt samples from the 65‐km‐long North Gorda ridge segment reveal compositional diversity as great as for the entire Gorda Ridge. Lava compositions along the ridge axis show considerable major and minor element diversity (MgO 9.2–4.4%, K2O 0.04–0.36%) for lavas erupted in close proximity. Although they form a near‐continuum in the higher MgO range, the samples can be separated into two groups; one is typical N‐type mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) (K2O/TiO2 < 0.09), and the other is a more enriched T‐MORB (K2O/TiO2 > 0.09). Incompatible elements also reflect this grouping with (Ce/Yb)N < 1 and Zr/Nb > 20 for N‐MORB and (Ce/Yb)N > 1 and Zr/Nb < 20 for T‐MORB. Samples collected from off‐axis, over a distance of 4 km up the eastern rift valley wall, are all light rare earth element (LREE)‐depleted N‐MORB with a narrower compositional range (MgO of glasses 7.7 ± 0.3%, Zr/Nb = 38–50; (Ce/Yb)N < 1), although isotopic ratios are comparable to those on‐axis. Lavas erupted in the past, before the present‐day deep axial valley formed on this part of the ridge, were more uniform N‐MORB, generated by larger degrees of melting when magma supply was greater. Basalts from the adjoining southern Juan de Fuca Ridge segment, with comparable spreading rate but distinctly different ridge morphology, are also all LREE‐depleted N‐MORB, but the narrow range of evolved compositions of the sheet flows covering the broad, U‐shaped valley suggests shallower, more steady state magma reservoirs underlying this ridge segment. Basalts from Escanaba, the slowest spreading segment of Gorda Ridge, include N‐, T‐, and E‐MORB that were erupted from isolated volcanic centers. The pattern of incompatible element enrichment, especially in LREE, K, Ba, and 87Sr/86Sr, with decreasing spreading rate and magma supply is even more pronounced at the ultraslow spreading Arctic ridges where most lavas are E‐MORB (Zr/Nb < 10, (Ce/Yb)N >1.0–3.0). Arctic E‐MORB compositions lie along a common mixing trend with those from North Gorda. As the magma budget and/or partial melting decreases, a similar enriched component, especially in K, Ba, and LREE, widely present in the oceanic mantle is apparently incorporated to a greater degree. At North Gorda, morphology and chemical characteristics appear to evolve with time toward that of ultraslow spreading ridges.


Background: Several nomograms include recommendations to give intravenous (IV) vancomycin at 8-hour dosing intervals (Q8H). However, there is a lack of detailed data regarding this dosing recommendation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 100 patients who received 107 treatment courses of vancomycin Q8H for at least 5 days was performed. Distribution of vancomycin trough levels and rate of nephrotoxicity were evaluated. Results: Median patient age was 38 years (interquartile range [IQR] 27-50 years), median weight was 67 kg (IQR 55-79 kg), and median creatinine clearance was 124 mL/min (IQR 101-147 mL/min). Median duration of Q8H dosing was 9 days (IQR 7-12 days). Within the initial 96 hours, only 7% (7 of 104) of maximum trough concentrations were >20 mg/L (median dose 15 mg/kg [IQR 15-18 mg/kg]). After 96 hours of Q8H dosing, 34% (30 of 89) of maximum troughs were >20 mg/L (median dose 17 mg/kg [IQR 15-20 mg/kg]), P = .0005. The rate of nephrotoxicity was 4%. Conclusion: We observed an increase in the percentage of trough levels >20 mg/L later during treatment courses of vancomycin IV Q8H with a relatively small corresponding increase in vancomycin dose. Close monitoring of trough levels (eg, every 3 days) with prolonged courses of vancomycin IV Q8H is warranted.


During the past four decades, Eric Voegelin has received ever wider acknowledgement as one of the greatest political thinkers of the twentieth century. Even before his death in 1985, commentators asserted that Voegelin was "the leading political philosopher of our time,""1 and that his work ""is of epochal importance,"" constituting ""a revolution in philosophy and political science."" 2 Since Voegelin's death, ""the professional attention of scholars has resulted not only in an enormous growth in the secondary literature, but also in the creation of several specialized centers for the study of Voegelin's thought, the establishment of two ordered archival collections, one at Stanford and the other in Munich, and a major publishing project, supported by two university presses, to bring out an English-language edition of Voegelin's Collected Works.""3 A classified bibliography on Voegelin running to 180 pages in close print was published in book form in 1994,4 yet even this massive bibliography was quickly outdated by a torrent of new publications on Voegelin requiring thirteen published updates containing hundreds of additional citations.


Adding induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) has generally not improved the overall survival (OS) in randomized trials of patients with head and neck cancer. This failure may stem from inadequate power or inappropriate patient selection, prompting this National Cancer Data Base analysis.


In the design of pit support structure,the design of the pit-in-pit had a direct impact on security and economy of the support structure.Furthermore,a few of the excavation support structure accidents were closely related to unreasonable design of the pit-in-pit.Taking a soil nailing wall instability for example,the fundamental reason for the crash of the excavation support structure was analyzed.The method of reinforcement design was developed;but also the design method of the pit-in-pit was put forward.Mutual control and mutual influence between the foundation pit and the pit-in-pit were studied.Research shows that: the pit-in-pit of the basement foundation pit has a greater impact on the whole stability of the support structure;while the foundation pit support has a relatively smaller impact on the internal forces of the supporting piles in the pit-in-pit.


Abstract : The applicability and domains of validity for the Born and the Rytov methods in scattering theory are established, with mathematical rigor, by comparing successive terms of the Born and the Rytov series calculated for wave propagation in a homogeneous dielectric halfspace and a homogeneous dielectric slab, for which the permittivities are assumed to have a low contrast over that of free-space. While the (first order) Rytov approximation is superior to the (first order) Born approximation when it is applied to estimate the scattered field in the homogeneous dielectric half-space, both approximations are inapplicable to estimate to estimate the scattered fields when the dielectric slab is very thick. There is much interest in modelling the propagation and scattering of waves in inhomogeneous media, to solve both direct and inverse scattering problems. The physical properties of these media can be extracted or predicted from the measurable quantities such as the scattered fields and intensities which can be derived from the models. Usually, approximations are sought in order to make the scattered fields (which can be expressed as the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind) more tractable for numerical computation.


The excitation of the CH‐stretching mode (ν3) of C2H2 in CCl4 leads to fast population (<2 ps) and very slow depopulation (240 ps) of the symmetric CC‐stretching mode (ν2). The long lifetime of ν2 is due to the absence of anharmonic interaction to neighboring states (symmetry forbidden). The corresponding CC‐stretching mode of C6H5–C2H has a lifetime of 15 ps. The phenyl group relaxes the symmetry restrictions and introduces new decay channels.


Phase pure Cu2O is one of the most desirable p-type absorber materials for ZnO based all-oxide solar cell because of its reported direct bandgap(~2.17 eV) and a suitable band alignment with n-type ZnO electrodes. Highly textured phase pure Cu2O thin films have been grown by a simple electrodeposition technique with varying cathodic potentials (-0.3 to -1.0 V) using Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrates as working electrodes and a carbon rod as a counter electrode immersed in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte held at ~60 0C for 40 min. The surface morphology, structural, optical properties of the as-deposited Cu2O thin films were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Surface profiler, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy respectively. SEM micrographs revealed that the deposited thin films coherently carpet the underlying substrate and composed of sharp faceted well-define grains having size in the range of 0.5 – 1.0 µm . XRD analyses showed that all films are composed of polycrystalline cubic Cu2O phase only and have average crystalline domain size in the range 30 – 73 nm. The preferred crystalline orientation of phase pure Cu2O films were found to be changing from (200) to (111) with increasing cathodic potentials and showed highest (111) and (200) crystalline texture coefficient while grown at -1.0 and -0.8 V respectively. The estimated optical bandgap of the as-grown samples were found in the range (2.00 – 2.20) eV consistent with the previously reported results and the variation of the optical bandgap could be attributed to the variation of the film thickness. The performance of copper oxide films was tested by estimating LED 'ON/OFF' modulated surface photovoltage into a photoelectrochemical cell at zero bias voltage and was found to be reasonable to integrate them into optoelectronic devices.


When I wrote my original document Numeros Primos de Sophie Germain, Demostracion de su Infinitud (There Are Infinitely Many Sophie Germain Prime Numbers), I used the 'Breusch Interval' in order to prove theorems and to prove that if i is any positive odd integer, then there are infinitely many prime numbers of the form 2 p i + (where p is a prime number) and infinitely many prime numbers of the form 2 p i − .


The molybdenum and tungsten complexes W2(NtBu)4(pz)4(pzH).(C6H14)0.5 (pz = pyrazolate), M(NtBu)2(Me2pz)2(Me2pzH)2 (Me2pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate), M(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 (tBu2pz = 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate), M2(NtBu)4(Me2pz)2Cl2, W(NtBu)2(C2N3(iPr)2)2py2, M(NtBu)2-(CN4CF3)2py2, and W(NtBu)2(PhNNNPh)2 were prepared by various synthetic routes from the starting materials Mo(NtBu)2Cl2, W(NtBu)2(NHtBu)2, and W(NtBu)2Cl2py2. These new complexes were characterized by spectral and analytical methods and by X-ray crystal structure determinations. The volatilities and thermal stabilities were evaluated to determine the potential of the new complexes for use in thin film growth of metal nitride films. Mo(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 and W(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 were found to have the optimum combination of volatility and thermal stability for application in atomic layer deposition thin film growth procedures.


In order to quickly and accurately retrieve a required part from massive multimedia educational resources and improve the utilization of educational resources, a multimedia assisted legal classroom teaching model based on data mining algorithm is designed. Firstly, the attributes of multimedia assisted legal classroom teaching resources are judged, and the numerical resources are standardized and discretized. Then, the B+ tree is used to establish the model's indexes and index library, and the corresponding retrieval algorithm is designed to complete the resource search, establish the data distribution structure model of the multimedia assisted legal classroom teaching system, mine the data, reconstruct the phase space of the fused data information flow, extract the high-order moment features of the specific data in the multimedia assisted legal classroom teaching system in the reconstructed high-dimensional phase space, and realize the accurate mining of the feature data. The experimental results show that the teaching effect of the designed model has more advantages and can promote the improvement of students' performance.