ObjectivesTo determine the impact of the prospective payment system (PPS) for skilled nursing facilities on the pharmacologic treatment of depression. MethodsWe used a quasi-experimental study comparing the pharmacological treatment rates for depression in the pre-PPS period (1997) to the post-PPS period (2000) in 8149 residents with documented depression living in over 500 nursing facilities in Ohio. Logistic regression models adjusting for clustering effects of residents residing in homes using generalized estimating equations provided estimates of the PPS effect on use of any antidepressant and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We evaluated the extent to which the PPS effect was modified by organizational characteristics, including structural characteristics, resource characteristics, and staff resources available in the homes. ResultsOverall, there was no difference in the likelihood of any antidepressant [odds ratio (OR), 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93 to 1.18, resident-adjusted model] or an SSRI being used (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.12, resident-adjusted model) after the introduction of PPS compared with 1997 when this reimbursement system was not in place (referent group). These trends did not appear to be modified substantially by organizational characteristics. ConclusionAlthough PPS did not appear to have influenced the treatment of depression in nursing homes, systems that provide checks and balances in relation to PPS are warranted.


The asphalt binder, derived from petroleum, commonly employed in road paving contains PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and a variety of other aliphatic and aromatic compounds. PAHs are pollutants that can induce health problems. This work aims to extract and characterize the PAHs in samples of asphalt binder and its concentration. Matrix solid phase dispersion was used as a technique for extraction of the PAHs. Characterization was performed employing gas chromatography and scanning tunneling microscopy. Fifteen of the priority PAHs listed by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), as well as coronene, were found in the binder samples.


The productivity and compatibility of low cyanide cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) intercropped with soybean (Glycine max Merril.) were evaluated in South-eastern Nigeria, in 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 cropping seasons. Significant (P<0.05) variations in growth and yield components of cassava and soybean were evident irrespective of crop varieties. Intercropping low cyanide cassava varieties of sparse to medium branching habits (NR.84292 and Iwa) significantly (P<0.05) improved cassava plant height, number of roots and root yields. Intercropping early maturing soybean variety with low cyanide cassava varieties enhanced cassava yields. Low cyanide cassava variety- NR.84292 and TMS 4(2) 1425 could be intercropped with early maturing soybean variety TGX 1485- 2E with minimal loss of yield in both crops.

 Key words: Cassava, cyanide, soybean, intercrop, compatibility.


ABSTRACT Reflective practice helps clinicians manage the complexity and uncertainty inherent in day-to-day practice. This is important given the high rates of burnout, turnover, and trauma-related stress among social workers and other clinicians. Using focus groups with 55 social work and child development graduate students and alumni, this study explored how engaging in a reflective practice framework, including individual reflective supervision and reflective practice seminars, impacted emerging clinicians' self-care in positive and meaningful ways. Participants reported being better able to care for themselves both personally and professionally; having improved emotional health; having better satisfaction, sustainability, and longevity on the job; and developing a new standard (model) for their future practice. This study has important implications for how higher education institutions prepare social work and other social service professionals, suggesting that the institutionalization of reflective practice during graduate school, may help future practitioners care better for not only their clients, but also themselves.


Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have consistently found an N400 effect elicited by violations of semantic expectancy in monolingual adults (Kutas & Hilllyard, 1980), bilingual ad ...


This thesis studies some of the links between the social and ecological components in a coastal Social-Ecological System (SES) of East Africa to gain insight into factors affecting natural resource ...


The transverse vibration characteristics of an axially moving viscoelastic sandwich beam were studied considering coupling between temperature field and displacement field.Based on Euler-Bernouli beam theory and the constitutive relation of Kelvin viscoelastic material model,the transverse vibration equations of the beam were established.Considering interaction of material deformation and heat conduction,the governing coupled vibration equations of the beam were derived.The coupled thermoelastic dynamic system was gained with the fourth-order Galerkin truncation method.The effect of the related thermal parameters on the vibration frequencies of the beam was analyzed by using the numerical method.


COVID-19 affects the entire body. Cheng et al. describe a DNA-based blood test to quantify cell and tissue injury due to COVID-19. They show that severe COVID-19 is associated with increased lung, liver, and erythroblast DNA in blood and that the concentration of cell-free DNA correlates with disease progression. SUMMARY Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects the lungs, but evidence of systemic disease with multi-organ involvement is emerging. Here, we developed a blood test to broadly quantify cell-, tissue-, and organ-specific injury due to COVID-19. Methods: Our test leverages genome-wide methylation profiling of circulating cell-free DNA in plasma. We assessed the utility of this test to identify subjects with severe disease in two independent, longitudinal cohorts of hospitalized patients. Cell-free DNA profiling was performed on 104 plasma samples from 33 COVID-19 patients and compared to samples from patients with other viral infections and healthy controls. Findings: We found evidence of injury to the lung and liver and involvement of red blood cell progenitors associated with severe COVID-19. The concentration of cell-free DNA correlated with the World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale for disease progression and was significantly increased in patients requiring intubation. Conclusions: This study points to the utility of cell-free DNA as an analyte to monitor and study COVID-19. Funding: This work (cfDNA) in blood as an analyte to (1) broadly monitor cell, tissue, and organ injury due to COVID-19, (2) assess disease severity and predict disease outcomes, and (3) elucidate the multi-organ involvement that characterizes COVID-19. Autopsy studies indicate a broad organotropism for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus beyond the Detection of the 3E–3G). We observed significant nega-tive correlations between the proportion of erythroblast cfDNA and hematocrit and hemoglobin (Hgb; Pearson's R = (cid:1) 0.51, Spearman's r = (cid:1) 0.37 and R = (cid:1) 0.52, r = (cid:1) 0.49, respectively). Similarly, we found positive correlations between the proportion of liver-derived cfDNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate trans-aminase (AST; R = 0.63, r = 0.47 and R = 0.76, r = 0.24, respectively). We did not observe a correlation between kidney-derived cfDNA and serum creatinine (R = 0.05, r = 0.09). We found similar results when comparing the tissue-derived cfDNA concentration to these clinical markers (erythroblast cfDNA concentration versus hematocrit and Hgb: R = (cid:1) 0.42, r = (cid:1) 0.32 and R = (cid:1) 0.38, r = (cid:1) 0.45, respectively; liver cfDNA concentration versus ALT and AST: R = 0.84, r = 0.52 and R = 0.20, r = 0.23, respectively; kidney cfDNA concentration versus creatinine: R = 0.56, r = 0.20). specific tissues contributing to non-specific detection of LDH in blood. To evaluate whether cfDNA offers diagnostic value beyond conventional protein biomarkers (ALT, AST, C-reactive protein [CRP], total bilirubin, LDH, RBC distribution width-variation coefficient [RDW-CV], hematocrit, Hgb, creatinine), we developed a composite machine learning ensemble method (Extra Trees method 35 ) incorporating all biochemical markers; the proportions of erythroblast, kidney, liver, lung and neutrophil cfDNA; and total cfDNA concentration (Method Details). Feature importance analysis identified erythroblast and kidney-derived cfDNA as the most informative for COVID-19 mortality prediction by this model (Figures S3A and S3B). ROC analysis with cross-validation indicated that the composite model using cfDNA outper-forms a model that only used conventional biomarkers (AUC 0.91 versus 0.73, respectively; Figures S3A and S3B).


Translators' note: On October 30, 1965, in Amriswil, on the occasion of a celebration for the Swiss psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger, Heidegger gave a talk titled "Das Ende des Denkens in der Gestalt der Philosophie" ("The End of Thinking in the Form of Philosophy"). In a somewhat expanded version, this address was fi rst published in Japan (translated into Japanese by Kōichi Tsujimura) in December 1968 by Chikumashobō Press, Tokyo, with a new title "Zur Frage nach der Bestimmung der Sache des Denkens" ("On the Question Concerning the Determination of the Matter for Thinking"). For the 1968 Japanese edition, Heidegger added a brief foreword that was not published in Germany until 1989 in Japan und Heidegger, ed. Hartmut Buch ner (Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag), 230–1. The German text of the expanded version of the talk, excluding the foreword, was edited by Hermann Heidegger and fi rst published in Europe in 1984 as Zur Frage nach der Bestimmung der Sache des Denkens by Erker-Verlag, St. Gallen, Switzerland. In 2000, this same text appeared in the Gesamtausgabe, Bd. 16, edited by Hermann Heidegger (Vittorio Klostermann Verlag), 620–33. Our translation follows the original Erker-Verlag edition (© Erker-Verlag, Franz Larese und Jürg Janett, Gallusstrasse 32, CH-9000 St. Gallen/Schweiz). We are most grateful to Erker-Verlag for granting us the translation rights. The present text, hitherto untranslated into English, is an important statement of Heidegger's thinking in the 1960s and is closely related to his 1964 lecture "Das Ende der Philosophie und die Aufgabe des Denkens" ("The End of Philosophy and the Task of Thinking"), which appears in English translation in Martin Heidegger: Basic Writings, ed. David Farrell Krell (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1993).


The article is about the Australian company, Chemgenex Pharmaceuticals. It touches on the focus of the company and its capabilities and technologies.


This paper is concerned with application of the genetic algorithm (GA) to the optimal distribution system planning (DSP). GA was used to solve the optimization of DSP problem which includes the discrete nature of substation installation and feeder routing. Several search procedures including coding and encoding the chromosome, fitness evaluated, reproduction, crossover, and mutation are examined in detail. A simple example has been implemented with the proposed method. All results show that GA can obtain a better solution.


Simple Summary The active form of vitamin D3 slows proliferation and stimulates differentiation of glioblastoma cells with mutated p53 by acting via neutral sphingomyelinase 1 and not by classical via vitamin D receptor-mediated Abstract Glioblastoma is one the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults, and, despite the fact that radiation and chemotherapy after surgical approaches have been the treatments increasing the survival rates, the prognosis of patients remains poor. Today, the attention is focused on highlighting complementary treatments that can be helpful in improving the classic therapeutic approaches. It is known that 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3, a molecule involved in bone metabolism, has many serendipidy effects in cells. It targets normal and cancer cells via genomic pathway by vitamin D3 receptor or via non-genomic pathways. To interrogate possible functions of 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in multiforme glioblastoma, we used three cell lines, wild-type p53 GL15 and mutant p53 U251 and LN18 cells. We demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 acts via vitamin D receptor in GL15 cells and via neutral sphingomyelinase1, with an enrichment of ceramide pool, in U251 and LN18 cells. Changes in sphingomyelin/ceramide content were considered to be possibly responsible for the differentiating and antiproliferative effect of 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D in U251 and LN18 cells, as shown, respectively, in vitro by immunofluorescence and in vivo by experiments of xenotransplantation in eggs. This is the first time 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 is interrogated for the response of multiforme glioblastoma cells in dependence on the p53 mutation, and the results define neutral sphingomyelinase1 as a signaling effector.


Jewellery manufacture by the Kura-Araxes and Bedeni cultures of the Late Chalcolithic--Early Bronze Age (mid 4th/3rd millennium BC) in the southern Caucasus is defined through several analogies as well as differences. KuraAraxes jewellery is rather modest in production, usually made of copper or arsenical copper alloy. It is found in burials of an egalitarian-based society. The transition to the Bedeni phase is characterized by major innovations, illustrating marked cultural discontinuity: jewellery is frequently made of precious metals and occurs in wealthy burials that can be associated with apparent leaders of the community. Jewellery assemblages are rich and the working of some pieces so remarkable that they are veritable works of art. At the same time new techniques, probably acquired from the south (Mesopotamia and Anatolia), were introduced. This analysis will provide a different insight into this transitional phase, concentrating on the parallels and differences in shape, technology, use and selection of materials and artisan skills for the manufacture of jewellery. Consequently, some of the main social and economic settings of the Kura-Araxes and Bedeni cultures will be examined and compared.


The cryptomelane-type manganese oxides octahedral molecular sieve with different crystalline phases have been successfully synthesized and characterized. The oxides were synthesized using precipitation method through the redox reaction between KMnO4 and C6H8O7 with a mole ratio of 5:1 by the variation of flow rates (1, 2, and 3 mL/min). The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD to determine their phase structures, purity, and crystallinity. The XRD results indicated that the samples without heat treatment (calcination) displayed the poor tunnel structures of cryptomelane-type manganese oxides with low intensities and broad peaks. Upon the thermal treatment at 600°C for 4 hours, the much more crystalline phases of similar cryptomelane structures were obtained. The high flow rate results in the more crystalline cryptomelane for calcined samples, whereas the flow rate has no substantial influence on the crystallinity of uncalcined samples. The catalytic activities of both oxides were evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) with H2O2 as an oxidant. The catalytic degradation of MB greatly enhanced using the uncalcined cryptomelane compared to calcined cryptomelane. The high flow rate has a positive impact on the degradation of MB for calcined samples, but the effect of flow rate results in the higher degradation of MB until a certain flow rate. The 98.4% degradation of MB was achieved by uncalcined samples under the optimum condition.


The present study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of temperature (26 oC, 30oC and 34 oC) and salinity (0, 6, 8, 12, 16 ppt) on growth, hatching rate and survival of female Macrobrachium rosenbergii under captive conditions. Juvenile prawns of 0.32± 0.031g and 2.9±0.508 cm were reared for 12 months. The results exposed that growth of the prawn was increased as temperature increased from 26to 30oC then the growth declined at the highest temperature (34 oC). Also as salinity increased from 0 to 16 ppt, growth of females decreased at all temperatures tested. The highest total length (15.6cm) and total weight (42.1g) were obtained at a 30oC temperature and 6 ppt salinity. Under the above conditions, the weight of eggs increased significantly up to 4.56g, while the lowest weight (0.10g) was obtained at 34 oC-0 ppt. The incubation period was significantly affected by temperature. The longest mean period (26 days) was recorded at the lowest tested temperature (26 oC) with all salinities, while the shortest one (18 days) was reported at 30oC at 6 ppt and at 34 oC at 6 ppt. The hatching rate was increased (ranging from 27 to 75 %) as salinity increased at all treatments. The highest hatching rate (75%) was observed at (30 oC – 6 ppt), while the lowest rate was found at 0 ppt with all temperatures tested. The number of accumulative berried females maximum (Jan to March) during winter to early summer session and it was decreased as salinity increased from freshwater to 16 ppt. While the highest number was observed at 30 oC temperature and 0 ppt salinity and the lowest number was one 34 oC-16 ppt. It was clearly found that optimum level of both temperature and salinity for growth, reproduction and hatching success of M. rosenbergii was 30oC temperature and 6 ppt salinity.


Pneumatic dilation is the initial treatment of first choice in patients with achalasia. To compare different treatment alternatives in patients with achalasia, four different strategies (laparoscopic Heller myotomy with fundoplication, thoracoscopic myotomy, pneumatic dilation, and botulinum toxin injection) were compared using a decision analysis (Markov) model. On the basis of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), only thoracoscopic myotomy was less effective than the other three strategies, but pneumatic dilation proved to be the most effective for patients with a life expectancy of more than seven years. However, based on these data, an individualized approach to patients with achalasia is recommended [1].


The Pesisir Barat, Solok, and Solok Selatan areas are the rantau (vassal) of the Pagaruyung Kingdom after the withdrawal of the Malayupura Kingdom and the Malacca Sultanate, namely the Inderapura Kingdom in the 15th century and the Sungai Pagu Kingdom in the 16th century. At a glance, the Rumah Gadang in the Pesisir Barat area are similar to the Rumah Gedang in Batanghari Hulu and the Rumah Godang in Batang Kuantan. Meanwhile, the Rumah Gadang in Solok and Solok Selatan seem to have all the Rumah Gadang collections in the Luhak Nan Tigo area (Tanah Datar, Agam, and Limapuluh Koto). Therefore, this study tries to explore the relationship between the characteristics of traditional houses in these areas. This research method is qualitative, by conducting literature reviews, field studies, and analyzing the architecture and comparing it with traditional houses in these areas to get a more comprehensive conclusion. The results of this study indicate that there is a general relationship between the characteristics of the Rumah Gadang in the West Coast, Solok, and South Solok with the Rumah Gadang in the Luhak Nan Tigo area.


Health professionals must look at other ' means of improving patient compliance with treatment for asthma rather than relying on education in isolation.


Biofuel is an effective fuel which is non-polluting and biodegradable with less emissions of greenhouse gases. There are many sources for the biofuel production. In recent, algae has ensured to be the suitable sources for biofuel production. This approach may solve many problems that arises from air pollution. Many common species of algae are used in this fuel production. The fuel produced from algae serves as the better alternative for other depleting fossil fuels. The biomass from algae are used to produce algal oil and the biofuel are extracted from the algal oil by several extraction processes.


This paper presents a method for managing and modelling a product family as a configurable product. The method enables efficient management of a large number of product variants. The modeling is based on a recently proposed conceptualization of configuration domain, which is a synthesis and extension of the main approaches to configuration. The concepts of the conceptualization are components, attributes, resources, ports, contexts, functions and constraints. In addition to discussing the concepts, we give guidelines on using them. The conceptualization was evaluated through a case study of modelling rock drilling equipment. The conceptualization matched the modeling needs in the case product. Some improvements to the conceptualization are proposed on the basis of the case study. The guidelines should also be extended and refined. Information technology support for modelling was found to be necessary for full-scale use of the conceptualization. The conceptualization is primarily intended for representing configuration models. However, we present some possibilities for utilizing the conceptualization in the product development process.


--- The aim is to study the correlation of Breast Sonography and Elastography findings with histopathological diagnosis in patients with palpable breast lump. This was a prospective study. All patients fulfilling inclusion criteria in Krishna Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Karad were included in the study which was conducted from December 2019 to July 2021. All patients with clinically palpable breast lump underwent breast ultrasound and breast elastography and were correlated with histopathological diagnosis. In the present study, conventional sonography had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 87.50%, PPV of 80% and NPV of 100% with overall accuracy of 91.67%. Elastography had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83.3% and NPV of 100% with overall accuracy of 93.33%. From the present study I concluded that breast elastography when used along with conventional breast sonography can improve specificity of ultrasonography in differentiating benign and malignant lesions.


The aim of this study is to assess and prioritize the key factors affecting job involvement of the employees of the holding company of production, transmission and distribution of electricity management (Tavanir) and for this purpose 224 of the managers, deputies and employees of the holding company of production, transmission and distribution of electricity management (Tavanir) of the city of Tehran have been selected with the use of simple random sampling method and have responded to the author-made questionnaire. Finally, the obtained data from the research questionnaires have been analyzed with the use of two-variable linear regression and Friedman test. The results indicated that perceived organizational support and personal interaction networks have an effect on employees' personality characteristics and also the personal interaction networks has a positive and significant effect (p<0.05) on perceived organizational support of employees. The results of the Friedman test did not indicate a significant difference between the priority of each of these factors among manages and deputies, while the priority of each of them is different for the employees. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Over the last two decades, CSIRO surveys of the seagrass communities in the south-western Gulf of Carpentaria and at Groote Eylandt, the Northern Territory, have provided opportunities for the collection of marine macroalgae from this poorly explored, remote region. Although the cruises did not concentrate on macroalgal communities which typically grow on rocky substrates, 64 specific and subspecific taxa of marine Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyta were collected, including 30 species newly recorded for the Gulf. The majority of Gulf species also occur on the tropical eastern Australian coast. One hundred and thirteen macroalgal taxa are now known to occur in the Gulf of Carpentaria, the number from the present study supplemented by collections from the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition and from an ethnobiological study on Groote Eylandt during the 1970s. Twelve species are recorded by all three Gulf studies and 23 species are reported by two studies. The relatively low number of species common to more than one study is thought to result from each study's narrow sampling window which fails to adequately document the considerable spatial and temporal variability of macroalgal species. Accordingly, the number of species presently recorded for the Gulf is considered to be an underestimate of macroalgal biodiversity for the region. It is clear that further detailed taxonomic and ecological investigations are urgently required before the full extent of macroalgal biodiversity in tropical Australia can be appreciated.


Short-term heat load forecasting plays an important role in the safe and economic operation of the urban district heating system,and improving the accuracy of prediction was the first task for many scholars' study. For a long time,some researchers have tried different types of neural network to forecast the short-term heat load. As a result of the strongly influence which caused by the external factors such as temperature for district heating system heat load,considering the weather factors can make the prediction results more accurately when making neural network model. This paper presents a improved BP neural network model based on weather forecast which can forecast the short-term heat load. The weather forecast,as a part of the neural network input,gained through the temperature API interface and are trained with the historical data of the heat load at the same time. The program were ran on the Matlab platform. Some uncertain interference factors were also considered in the experiment. The experimental result shows that the neural network model based on weather forecast can make the heat load prediction more accurately.


Abstract Radon-222 and its daughters in drinking water causes a radiation dose to the stomach of the order of Maximum Permissible Dose if water containing 100 nCi 222Rn/l. is consumed regularly. To evaluate the radiation dose in real conditions two types of experiment were performed with a whole-body counter. In the first series of measurements the elimination of 214Bi from the body was followed in test subjects who had ingested radon-rich water in a single intake. A one-component exponential function with a biological half life varying from 30 to 50 min was found to describe the elimination of radon. Special attention was paid to the escape of radon from the water and its effect on the state of disequilibrium between radon and its daughters after intake. In the second series of measurements a group of persons who had consumed radon-rich water daily was studied. The daily radon intake of these persons was estimated at 60 nCi, obtained in two or three portions. From the results of the experiments the dose equivalent of 240–440 mrem μCi 222Rn was derived and the maximum daily intake was set at 0.1 μCi for 222Rn in drinking water.


! According to established clinicopathological factors, approximately 70% of breast cancer patients without axillary node involvement belong to the group of patients with an intermediate risk of recurrence. In such patients with endocrine responsive disease, the current guidelines suggest either adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy or endocrine therapy alone. The challenge is therefore to identify those patients who will not need adjuvant chemotherapy due to their very low risk of recurrence. The plasminogen activator system is a complex system with multiple functions, e.g. cell invasion, angiogenesis and senescence, in a variety of solid tumors. Increased levels of the invasion factors uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) and/or its inhibitor PAI-1 in primary breast cancer tissue have been correlated with a poor outcome. The clinical utility of uPA/PAI-1 has been proven at the highest level of evidence (LoE-1). In the evidence-based, annually updated AGO guidelines on breast cancer management, the German Working Group for Gynecological Oncology (AGO) recommended a combination of both biomarkers as risk-group-classification markers for routine clinical decisions. In addition to being clinically


Hβ molecular sieves with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 40 were modified by citric acid dealumination (Hβ-Cn) and Hβ-Cn loading Pd (0.5 wt%) bifunctional catalysts(Pd/Hβ-Cn) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and incipient wetness impregnation. The structure, morphology, pore and acid properties of Hβ-Cn and Pd dispersion of Pd/Hβ-Cn were characterized using XRD, SEM, N2 physical adsorption, NH3-TPD and H2 chemical absorption. The skeleton structure of all Hβ-Cn was not damaged and their relative crystallinity increased somewhat after the treatment of citric acid. With the increase of citric acid concentration, the change of morphology,structure and pore properties of Hβ-Cn was very little, but the amount of weak acid, strong acid and total acid of Hβ-Cn, and Pd dispersion for Pd/Hβ-Cn decreased significantly. It was known from hydroisomerization perforamce of n-C16H34 that the hydroisomerization reaction temperature over Pd/Hp-Cn slightly rises under the condition of the same conversion of n-C16H34, but the amount of multi-branched iso-C16H34 over Pd/Hβ-Cn, especially Pd/Hβ-C2 (60.51%) and Pd/Hβ-C3 (57.84%) was much higher than that over Pd/Hβ (36.99%). This could be due to the remove of partial skeleton aluminum species with strong acid sites to effectively inhibit the further cracking of the muti-branched isomerized products.


BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the effect of prolonged exercise with and without a thermal clamp on leukocyte cell, stress hormones, cytokine and muscle damage responses.

METHODS
Fifteen healthy male volunteers (means±SD: age 22±3 yr; mass 75.8±3.2 kg; maximal oxygen uptake 55±7 mL/min/kg) randomly completed four chamber trials of 1 hour each, in different environment and separated by 7 days. Trials were: 1) exercise induced heating (EX-heating [EX-H]: temperature/humidity, 38° C/50%); 2) exercise with a thermal clamp (EX-cooling [EX-C]: temperature/humidity, 18° C/50%); 3) passive heating (PA-H: temperature/ humidity, 38° C/50%); 4) passive cooling (PA-C: temperature/ humidity, 18° C/50%). EX-H and EX-C were composed of 1h treadmill runs at 80% individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Blood samples were collected at pre-post, and 1h postenvironments exposure.

RESULTS
Compared to EX-H, exercise-induced increases in core temperature, heart rate, cortisol, human growth hormone (hGH)), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukocyte counts and creatine kinase (CK) and Myoglobin (Mb) were significantly (P<0.01) more pronounced than in EX-C.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the additional impact of elevated ambient temperatures on stress responses to endurance exercise in trained subjects seems to affect primarily the hormonal systems and resulting changes in leukocyte number, creatine kinase, Myoglobin and interleukine-6.


It is a pleasure to explain what the sources of information are about the European Communities, both in publications and computerised documentation system, and how this information is disseminated in the UK and where you can find it. With the development of the Community there is a much‐felt need for rapid information and awareness of the work of the Community and its institutions. It is important to know how the institutions work, and who does what in the Community in order to understand the information network.


It is difficult to get solutions that can meet the requirements of high positioning accuracy and real time control simultaneously among the infinite solutions of a redundant robot. Based on weighted least-norm method (WLNM), an optimized algorithm for inverse kinematics solution of redundant modular robots, with which the joint limits can be avoided, is presented in this paper. According to the characteristic of robot global wrist organ, the position and pose of the robot tag end can be resolved separately, therefore the computing time is reduced without decreasing the solution accuracy. Recently, an Intravehicular Robot Service System's Ground Demonstration for Space Station has been built in the Space Robot Lab of Bupt, and the operation object of the demonstration is a 9-DOF modular reconfigurable robot. Through the experiments of pulling drawers and pressing buttons by the 9-DOF robot, the accurate and real-time solutions are given to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experiment results demonstrate that the positioning accuracy is up to ±2.0 mm and single-step computing time is less than 1 ms.


A very rare case of multiple bone cysts in an 11-year-old boy was des cribed. In 1983, multiple radiolucent shadows were noted at the bones of extremities, rib, ilium, and skull occasionally, however, complaints and clinical findings were not observed, and further investigation was not performed. In March 1986, pathological fracture occurred in the right femur and he was admitted to Pediatrics. General examination revealed no metastatic lesion of the bone and callus formation was found at the fracture site. However, since he developed increased tenderness over the cppcsite left femur, operative treatment was performed. At operation, the cortex of the lesion was remarkably thined and the lesion was filled with the bloody serous fluid. After curettage of the wall of the cavity, bone graft was done. At present, the radiographical course showed good results.


Abstract This note provides an alternative proof of a recent result of Balasko, Cass, and Shell, namely that the set of regular symmetric economies of a sunspot model with complete markets coincides with the set of regular economies of the underlying model without uncertainty. Besides being more elementary, our proof provides additional information on the structure of the set of critical equilibria. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D50, D51, D52.


Falling birth rates and an increase of women, especially mothers, in the paid workforce have elicited concern around Australian work-family policies—whether it sufficiently sustains women who choose to combine work and family, and also how it affects women's aspirations for work and family. The present research aimed to explore the role of structural and normative influences on young women's aspirations for childbirth and employment. It was predicted that participants in the supportive work-family policy condition would aspire towards having a higher number of children, childbearing at a younger age, and would prefer to work longer hours. More positive attitudes towards work and more egalitarian gender role attitudes were expected to be significantly associated with higher preferred working hours. It was predicted that participants who were presented with information of a younger age norm in childbearing would aspire to have children at a younger age and that this relationship would be strengthened if participants were also in the supportive policy condition. A sample of young, childless Australian women below the age of 29 (n = 176) completed an online survey. Results revealed age norm condition to be a significant predictor of aspired number of children. A significant norm x policy interaction was found for preferred age of childbirth. Gender role attitudes were significantly associated with aspirations for number of children, expected and preferred age of childbirth, as well as preferred hours of employment. Implications of the results are discussed.


A method and measurement results are presented for the determination of the reflectivity of butt-joint active-passive interfaces in a series of extended cavity FabryPerot lasers. The method is based on the analysis of sub-threshold laser spectra. The small reflections at the two intra-cavity active-passive interfaces modify the mode structure of the laser. By fitting the calculated sub-threshold mode structure to the recorded data, values of the reflectivities are extracted. An average value of 2.10 has been determined. The absolute value of those interface reflectivity is particularly important for the development of integrated mode-locked lasers.


Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, both as-prepared and electrochemically oxidized were studied. The relation between the anodic oxidation treatment time, anodic potential and electrochemical characteristics has been discussed. Electron transfer processes in all BDD electrode surface were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The ferric/ferrous sulfate and ferri/ ferrocyanide redox systems were chosen respectively to act as the probe of one-electron transfer processes. The relation between Δ E p and ψ, the dimensionless parameter, was obtained with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9987 by mathematics fitting function. The rate constants of the electron transfer reaction, k°, were evaluated using the ΔE p values. The k° values for all BDD electrodes ranged from 3.33 x 10 -5 to 4.72 x 10 -5 cm s -1 in 0.1 M FeSO 4 / 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 and from 1.01 x 10 -4 to 2.49 x 10 -4 cm s -1 in 0.1 M K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/0.1 M H 2 SO 4 system, which were in the standard range for a quasi-reversible system, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the BDD electrodes changed as a function of the surface anodic treatment time and potential. The anodic oxidation at low potential stripped mainly the impurities of BDD surface, sp 2 -carbon, and had little effect on the modification of the surface. While increasing the anodic potential up to +2.0 V, the anodic oxidation stripped the impurities of the BDD surface at first and carried out the modification of the BDD surface from hydrogen-terminated hydrophobic to oxygen-terminated hydrophilic surface with increasing anodic treatment time.


The article deals with definitions, characteristics, and special features of the margin segment of the securities market. The article discusses the main options of the securities market structure, defines its place and specificity. Based on the undertaken analysis of various sources and literature, the author considers the features of the margin transactions as a form of loan transactions.


The thermal performance of FPHPSC has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The collector consists of copper absorber plate, single glass cover, glass wool insulation and aluminum case, ten wickless heat pipes of 12.7 mm inner diameter. The experimental studies of collector performance have been performed on four different CTA (22°, 32°, 45° and 60°). The relation between the solar intensity and the collector energy losses are also discussed. The collector are tested under the climate condition of Kut city (32.602 latitude and 45.752 longitude). It is investigated that the increasing of CTA increase the efficiency of collector up to certain limit after that the efficiency decreases with the increasing of tilt angle of collector. A computer program which is based on VISUAL BASICE language (version 6) is made for the theoretical analysis. The experimental results agree reasonably with the theoretical predictions.


Prospective trials showed the clinical efficacy of eltrombopag in refractory/relapsed aplastic anemia (AA), with up to 40% hematologic improvement [1]. Moreover, eltrombopag was combined with frontline immunosupressive therapy (IST) consisited of antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) and cyclosporin (CsA), with an overall response rate exceeding 80% [2]. The metabolism of eltrodopag is different in disparate population. Currently, the recommended dose is 75 mg/d for East Asian populations [2], Pretreatment clinical and laboratory characteristics predicting eltrombopag response are still unclear in severe AA (SAA) patients of real-world in East Asian.
 From May 2014 to December 2020, 59 adult SAA patients were treated with IST (r-ATG, 3.5mg/kg/d × 5d and CsA 3-5 mg/kg/d) in conjunction with eltrodopag at the dose of 75 mg/d from day 1 until 6 months. We used Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to predict the factors of the efficacy of eltrombopag.
 Median follow-up was 13 months (6 month to 29 months). Overall 45 patients (76%) responded to eltrombopag, including 16 patients (27%) who achieved complete response (CR) and 29 patients (49%) who achieved partial response (PR), whist 14 patients were non-remission (NR) according to the criteria of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) [3].
 The severity (P=0.032), infection (P=0.039) and lymphocyte count (P=0.021), as well as reticulocyte percentage (P=0.002) were different significantly between groups before the treatment (Table 1). Yet, the median age (38 years and 50.5 years) and median time from diagnosis to treatment (16 d and 27.5 d) are comparable. There was no significant difference in the count of platelet and T cell subsets of peripheral blood.
 ROC curve was used as one model to predict factors linked to the effects of eltrodopag in 6 months. The lymphocyte count (P=0.042, AUC=0.721, 95%CI 0.537-0.904), the percentage of reticulocyte (P=0.007, AUC=0.793, 95%CI 0.631-0.955), and red cell distribution width - coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) (P=0.042, AUC=0.721, 95%CI 0.493-0.948) were positively correlated with the efficacy of eltrombopag (Table 2, Figure 1).
 Discussion
 It has been reported that moderate diseaseand lymphoid marrow infiltration were related with the response to eltrombopag in older AA patients [4]. Scheinberg et al. has showed that predictive factors related to IST of 6th month were including the age, lymphocyte count and reticulocyte count [5]. We found that the lymphocyte count, the percentage of reticulocytes and RDW-CV were related with response. The increase of RDW-CV is related to production of reticulocyte. A higher lymphocyte count, the percentage of reticulocytes and RDW-CV may indicate better residual marrow function. Lymphocyte count is also associated with abnormal immunity. Hematopoietic recovery of SAA depends on IST involving elimination of autoreactive T cells that target progenitor cells in the bone marrow, and sufficient residual stem cells to support blood cell production after IST. IST combined with eltrombopag could eradicate autoreactive T cells and promote hematopoiesis simultaneously, thereby, the relevant indicators for predicting efficacy also reflect this related status.
 This study was limited by its retrospective nature, small cohorts, an absence of randomization a treatment comparator, and IST was based on r-ATG and CsA. In preliminar conclusion, the pretreatment lymphocyte count, the percentage of reticulocytes and RDW-CV together serve as a simple predictor of response following IST combined with eltrombopag for Chinese patients with SAA.
 Reference
 [1] Olnes MJ, et al. Eltrombopag and improved hematopoiesis in refractory aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(3):11-19.
 [2] Townsley DM, et al. Eltrombopag Added to Standard Immunosuppression for Aplastic Anemia [J]. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376 (16): 1540-1550.
 [3] de Latour, RP, et al. Results of the EBMT SAAWP Phase III Prospective Randomized Multicenter RACE Study of Horse ATG and Ciclosporin with or without Eltrombopag in naive SAA patients. EBMT 2020 abstract O018.
 [4] Fattizzo B, et al. Clinical and morphological predictors of outcome in older aplastic anemia patients treated with eltrombopag. Haematologica. 2019 Nov;104(11): e494-e496.
 [5] Scheinberg P,et al. Predicting response to immunosuppressive therapy and survival in severe aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2009 Jan;144(2):206-16.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Long wavelength lattice dynamics of the quaternary alloys Ga1−xInxP1−ySby and AlxGa1−xAsySb1−y have been investigated. The optical phonons show a four mode behavior in Ga1−xInxP1−ySby and a three mode behavior in AlxGa1−xAsySb1−y over the composition ranges investigated. An average random cell model is used to describe the behavior of the optical phonons of both systems. The calculations of the dependence of the long wavelength optical phonon frequencies on solid composition are in good agreement with the experimental results.


The principle of "Protein targeting" includes an indispensable approach in the prevention of complications of some of the most prevalent diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease. These diseases lead to high mortality and their preventive treatment should be a public health priority.


Since the introduction of self-healing materials the use of encapsulated liquids has been demonstrated to be a good concept to introduce self-repair in (composite) polymer systems. In liquid-filled microcapsules based self-healing materials functional liquid is stored inside microcapsules dispersed in a matrix material. The encapsulated liquid is released when the surrounding matrix fractures or cracks. The released liquid then is able to close the crack and repair the damage by chemo-physical processes, e.g. polymerization. In this work the design of a one-component solvent-induced selfhealing mechanism is presented for amorphous linear thermoplastics, solely based on the activation of polymer reptation and re-entanglement. The potential of solvent-induced healing of thermoplastics was investigated by dynamical Synchrotron X-ray tomography measurements focussing on the solvent deployment and mechanism of healing after cracking as a function of time. Here we present the results of an analysis of a detailed on a PMMA/PS material system embedded with bromobenzene filled microcapsules, which comprises the fracture, release and healing processes upon cracking under loading. Using synchrotron radiation, fast tomographic scans allow a detailed investigation of the solvent release and solvent sorption within minutes after crack formation. Introduction of a crack in the sample caused rupture of the microcapsules in the crack-path and at a limited distance away from the crack. In contrast to expectations, the solvent release from the capsules outside the direct line of the crack is not quasi instantaneous but occurs over a period of minutes after cracking. The reconstructed tomographic slices located just below the crack-tip clearly show how several embedded capsules appear to be intact after introduction of a crack but release the solvent into the matrix up to 20 min after crack formation. The solvent is absorbed by the PMMA-PS matrix after capsule rupture which leads to a detectable volume of solvent affected matrix around the position of the capsule. This affected volume increases in time as the solvent penetrates further into the matrix but does not show full homogenisation over the measuring time of the experiment (35 min). The solvent remains in high concentration around the ruptured capsule and solvent 'clouds' of approximately twice the capsule diameter can be observed. From full 3D analysis and segmentation of the data-sets on the solvent sorption around the crack it can be observed that the solvent spreading inside the crack for PMMA-PS matrices is minimal and absorption of solvent into the matrix is very fast. Figure 1 illustrates the evolution of solvent absorption by the matrix after fracture as a function of time. The volume of solvent affected material is segmented from the matrix volume and is indicated in yellow. For purpose of reference, the segmented volume of the microcapsules (purple) and the matrix material (white) are also given in Figure 1, showing where the crack was introduced. In Figure 1 at t=0 min a small volume of solvent affected matrix can already be detected prior to cracking, caused by the preliminary rupture of capsules. At t = 0.5 min after fracture the large volume of solvent absorbed Steven D. Mookhoek, Hartmut R. Fischer, Sybrand van der Zwaag and W. Ludwig around the crack is clearly visible. It is shown by subsequent images at t = 10.5 and 20.5 min that the affected volume expands away from the crack in time, caused by limited diffusion and delayed capsule depletion outside the crack-line. Figure 1: Evolution of the matrix solvent absorption after crack introduction for a 15 wt% ca. 45 μm UF(BB) PMMA-PS system Detailed segmentation of the different features within the broken sample allows the quantification of the reduction of filled microcapsules (released solvent volume) and the affected volume by the solvent in the vicinity of the crack. Figure 2a displays the released volume per crack area for samples with different capsule sizes as a function of time after fracture.The evolution of solvent affected volume with time is displayed in Figure 2b. This figure shows that the rate of increase after fracture depends on the capsule diameter and shows a delay for larger capsules. The sorption of solvent is initially retarded for larger microcapsules due to their small surface to volume ratio. At longer time the increase in the solvent fraction is found to be more or less comparable for all three capsule sizes. Figure 2: The released solvent volume per crack area and b) the fraction of solvent affected matrix as a function of time for PMMA-PS matrices embedded with UF(BB) microcapsules of different sizes The dynamic tomographic experiments have shown that solvent sorption for this solvent/thermoplastic system is very fast and the material directly absorbs nearly all the solvent released, without spreading inside the crack. It can be rationalised however that spreading of solvent over the surface should be fast in comparison to solvent sorption in order to achieve optimal healing over the total surface. The effect of solvent sorption and as a consequence plasticizing the thermoplastic matrix is also observed when measuring healing-efficiencies mechanically. For these experiments healing times are found long and healing efficiencies are relatively low. Hence, it is demonstrated that in order to achieve (optimal) healing for solvent based self-healing thermoplastic materials, the careful selection of a suitable solvent/matrix combination is crucial.


In view of the correction calculation method for the power of extraction condensing steam turbine without back pressure change at present, a simplified correction calculation method for the influence of back pressure on the power of extraction condensing steam turbine is proposed. This method can accurately calculate the influence of back pressure change on the power of extraction condensing steam turbine, so as to provide guidance for the economic operation of extraction condensing steam turbine.


Modern development of technology allows for significant reduction of operation costs in many processes, including production of well-killing fluid. Efficiency of manufacturers and prerequisites of its economic profitability are a composite of lower operating costs, application of innovative materials with lower prices together with the basic technologies of labor costs optimization. This paper proposes introducing new approaches in implementing removal of salt from associated water. A feature of this method is evaporation of salts from solution by thermocompressive vacuum evaporation. A project for formation water treatment assumes building a plant for a complex solution of the salt removal problem. One of the main objectives of the project is to achieve annual turnover of 30,000 t of dietary salt, as well as production of well-killing liquid in the amount of 40,000 t per year. The environmental component of the project it its important feature: first, the load on the water treatment system is lowered, as is the risk of unauthorized spills; second, the quality of produced dietary salt meets the requirements of GOST 13830-91 and SanPin 42-123-4089-91. Locations near the oil fields will allow achieving all the aforementioned objectives. The project will be profitable and advantageous in technological, economic and environmental sense. The optimal solution for import substitution: reduction of electricity costs for water transportation. Sale of new products and reduction of environmental load will also allow diversifying the industrial infrastructure of the oil-and-gas-producing region at the late stages of oil fields development and will make it possible to use the released labor force and energy facilities.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection combined with intraoperative injection of triamcinolone acetonide early postoperative radiation therapy for keloids. Methods 110 patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 149 keloids surgical resection in the treatment group was cut at the edge of the dermal injection of triamcinolone acetonide, the surgical site within 24 hours after radiation therapy. Results incisions are healing,patients were followed up for 12 ~24 months,the cure rate was 83.6% in the treatment group, compared with the control group 58.2%,P 0.05. Conclusion Surgical excision of keloid injection of triamcinolone acetonide early postoperative radiotherapy, surgery can effectively improve the cure rate of keloid.


Spectrum sharing between radar and communications systems is currently under investigation because of the high demand for new wireless services and shortage of available bandwidth. To effectively design their coexistence, it is crucial to understand how current unaltered radar and communication systems would affect one another. This paper investigates the effect of radar interference on an uncoded data communication system where the optimal Maximum-A-Posteriori decoder is used and where the bandwidth of the radar system is much larger than the one of the communication system. Conclusions depend on how the radar interference power, measured by the Interference-to-Noise ratio (INR), compares with the intended signal power, measured by the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). For the case of real-valued modulation schemes, three regimes emerge: (a) Treat interference as Gaussian noise: when INR<;SNR it is optimal to use the threshold decoder for Gaussian noise only. The probability of error increases with INR. (b) Interference cancellation: when INR>>SNR the optimal receiver estimates the radar interference and subtracts it from the received signal; in the process of canceling interference, part of the useful signal is also cancelled, which reduces the effective SNR at the receiver. The probability of error exhibits an irreducible error floor, which can be exactly characterized and behaves like a narrow-band fading channel with multiplicative fading that is perfectly known at the receiver. (c) When INR≈SNR, the probability of error attains its maximum value, thus indicating that there is a worst operating INR for any given SNR.


In this article we discuss a regularization of semi-discrete ill-posed problem appearing as a result of application of a collocation method to Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. In this context we analyse Tikhonov regularization in Sobolev scales and prove error bounds under general source conditions. Moreover, we study an a posteriori regularization parameter choice by means of the balancing principle.


Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) is a rare pulmonary malformation, often associated with pulmonary hypoplasia due to compression by cysts. We report two fetuses prenatally diagnosed as having CCAM who were successfully managed with high frequency oscillation


A user can obtain tactile feedback with heightened realism. Virtual object and the virtual space data generating unit, and the listener placing a listener to detect a touch on the virtual object placement unit, wherein a listener is arranged to generate data relating to the virtual space including a virtual object having an A attribute when the virtual object, when the other virtual objects are in contact, based on at least one of attribute information or attribute information of the other virtual objects of the virtual object, the haptic data operating the haptic device generating the information processing apparatus comprising: a haptic data generating unit that, the. .FIELD 4


Using a novel approach, we study the quenching and bursting of galaxies as a function of stellar mass (M*), local environment (Σ), and specific star formation rate (sSFR) using a large spectroscopic sample of ∼123,000 GALEX/SDSS and ∼420 GALEX/COSMOS/LEGA-C galaxies to z ∼ 1. We show that out to z ∼ 1 and at fixed sSFR and local density, on average, less massive galaxies are quenching, whereas more massive systems are bursting, with a quenching/bursting transition at and likely a short quenching/bursting timescale (≲300 Myr). We find that much of the bursting of star formation happens in massive ( ), high-sSFR galaxies (log(sSFR/Gyr−1) ≳ −2), particularly those in the field (log(Σ/Mpc−2) ≲0 and, among group galaxies, satellites more than centrals). Most of the quenching of star formation happens in low-mass ( ), low-sSFR galaxies (log(sSFR/Gyr−1) ≲ −2), in particular those located in dense environments (log(Σ/Mpc−2) ≳1), indicating the combined effects of M* and Σ in the quenching/bursting of galaxies since z ∼ 1. However, we find that stellar mass has stronger effects than environment on the recent quenching/bursting of galaxies to z ∼ 1. At any given M*, sSFR, and environment, centrals are quenchier (quenching faster) than satellites in an average sense. We also find evidence for the strength of mass and environmental quenching being stronger at higher redshift. Our preliminary results have potential implications for the physics of quenching/bursting in galaxies across cosmic time.


The ascending flanged base of the transformer is a so-called dead oil area with very low flow velocity, leading to possible delay of characteristic gas migration to the DGA sampling location. In this paper, the temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient of H2 in transformer oil is obtained via bubble dissolution method and molecular dynamics simulation, and then the migration of dissolved H2 in the ascending flanged base of a 500 kV transformer is numerically studied. It is found that the natural convection changes the original internal flow field of the ascending flanged base, and the characteristic gas diffuses faster than that under constant temperature. However, it is still difficult for the characteristic gases to diffuse into the transformer tank in time to reach the oil sampling point. The presented results can serve as reference for optimizing fluid design and oil chromatography detection.


1 Morphine, Met‐enkephalin, kyotorphin and D‐phenylalanine have been applied by microion‐tophoresis to neurones in the globus pallidus and cerebral cortex of rats anaesthetized with urethane. 2 In the pallidum, most cells were inhibited by all the agonists, with a high correspondence between cells inhibited by Met‐enkephalin and D‐phenylalanine and by Met‐enkephalin and kyotorphin. Whereas responses to Met‐enkephalin were readily antagonized by naloxone, responses to kyotorphin and D‐phenylalanine were not. 3 In the cerebral cortex a high proportion of cells was excited by all four agonists and antagonism by naloxone was less consistent than in pallidum. 4 It is concluded that the naloxone‐reversible analgesic effects of kyotorphin and D‐phenylalanine may be mediated indirectly, rather than through an activation of opiate receptors.


proposes an intake system with resonance and resonance charging. The resonance charging via suction channels 15 and ram manifold 13, while the resonant supercharging is carried out by longitudinally adjustable resonance channels 12 and resonance manifold. 13 The invention is characterized in that the length adjustment of the resonance channels by rotatable adjusting body 22, driven by a motor 27, is made 12 and the adjusting member are housed in actuator housings 20, 22 that communicate via connection channels 34 to the ram manifolds. 13 By use of the connection channels 34 a largely flexible arrangement of the control housing in relation to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine is possible. The system can be optimally adapted to the space in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle in an advantageous manner.


We establish a relation between the known parametrization of a family of irreducible representations of a Weyl group and Springer's correspondence. We outline a parametrization of unipotent character sheaves on a connected reductive group in terms of restrictions to various conjugacy classes.


Introduction. The subject of the study is the activity of the Stalingrad Institute for the preparation of collective photographs ("vignettes") of the heroes of the revolution of 1917 and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1918. Methods. The methods of source studies, archeography, analysis and prosopography were used. Observations and conclusions. In 1932, the Stalingrad "five", the Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad) Historical and Party Commissions direct successor, as the Lower Volga Region Historical and Party Commission division, prepared lists for the placement of participants in the revolutionary events and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918 on a collective photograph ("vignette") for the City Defense Museum. The place in the photo depended on the activity and the merits of the veteran of the events of those years. The direct executor was the deputy manager of the Lower Volga Archive Department, secretary of the "five" T.M. Seregin. Being a veteran of the revolutionary movement, the archivist was able to recall and include in the list many of his comrades-in-arms with a mention of their positions and duties. This list contains the names and surnames of 99 real leaders of the revolutionary movement in Tsaritsyn. The disgraced by that time S.K. Minin and his associates are placed here. Moreover, I.V. Stalin is mentioned under No. 24. Then the list underwent thorough editorial work and was reduced to 34, and then to 31 people. In this version, I.V. Stalin appeared in the first place, and then his closest associates were mentioned. S.M. Minin and some members of his team disappeared from the list. Prosopographic analysis shows that the submitted project was unimplemented, since the Tsaritsyn revolutionaries mentioned in the list, including T.M. Seregin, disappeared during the era of the Great Terror. The lists are of great interest to researchers, as they allow them to bring back from oblivion real active participants in the Revolutionary Events and the Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918.


The bus passengers in Kerala has two major options to travel, viz., buses run by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation and private buses. The characteristics of services are different between these two providers. KSRTC is facing a huge crisis with the increase of fuel prices and mismanagement. This study aims at analysing the differences between the expectations of the passengers and performances of KSRTC and private buses. The study also analyses the difference between performances of KSRTC and private buses. The sample size was 300 and the data was analysed using percentages, Likert scale, ranking method and Chi square test. It was inferred that the differences between the performances of KSRTC and private buses are highly significant. Suggestions also are provided based on the insights from the study.


Yali pears were subjected to short-time high-pressure carbon dioxide(HPCD) treatment in order to explore the relationship between their CO2-induced browning and intracellular calcium.After HPCD treatment,the content of water soluble and membrane-bound calcium decreased,whereas the contents of calcium oxalate,calcium phosphate,calcium pectate and calcium carbonate increased in Yali pears as the HPCD treatment time increased.An increase in the content of carbonate calcium was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis after HPCD treatment.Moreover,the structure of brown Yali pears was destroyed,which was examined by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Therefore,HPCD treatment can change the types and distribution of calcium in Yali pear cells,increase cell permeability,and accelerate the browning of fruits.


ABSTRACT This paper explores comedy as a queer pedagogical form that subverts problematic representational tropes of queerness pervading mainstream depictions of queer experience. Articulating 'form' less as a fixed arrangement of characters, images, objects, and ideas, and more as a kind of formation that positions these in dynamic relation to the wider context in which comedies are encountered, we mobilise the idea of queer pedagogical forms to capture how comedy can foster new modes of thinking about and embodying queerness for, and with, audiences. Drawing on specific examples from Schitt's Creek and Derry Girls, we document the potential of specific comedic modalities (e.g. irony, sarcasm, irreverence, and slapstick) to foster alternative representations of queerness, in which normative tropes are poked fun at, problematised, and reimagined. Through these examples, we demonstrate how comedies can enable us to 'laugh ourselves out of the closets' we live by, feel, navigate, and embody.


The Caoxi Road Bridge in Shanghai is a hybrid structure of prestressed concrete continuous girder and tied arch. In consideration of the special location and construction difficulties of the Bridge in the city, the following construction techniques are used, such as military beam support frames, suspended formwork, casting of concrete in sections and pumping of concrete into arch ribs in bays, and satisfactory results of these techniques have been achieved.


Dialectics is antagonist to metaphysics,while metaphysics is the essence of sophistry which often poses as dialectics. There existed several foundamental divergences between dialectics and sophistry from three aspects: requirements for flexible transform in respective concepts; the relationship between universals and individuals; the relationship between absoluteness and relativity. To clarify these divergences enjoys great importance for scientific dialectics instead of sophistry.


An on-line estimation method was developed to estimate the Thévenin equivalent reactance of a power system at regular intervals or on demand, using measured voltage and current values. The method is applied on-line, to track the Thévenin equivalent in a fine time scale. Using the optimally estimated Thévenin values as a multivariate time-series target, a Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM-RNN) is trained toward performing automatic Thévenin equivalent estimation from measured synchrophasor data in real-time. To enable transferability of the trained model and limit the parameter space, the back-calculation of the bus voltage from the estimated Thévenin pair is incorporated as an additional constraint penalty during training. The proposed method has been validated using two weeks of real-world phasor measurement unit (PMU) ambient data from a high-voltage substation in the US Eastern interconnection.


To help engage non-physics majors in a General Physics II (Electricity & Magnetism) course at the University of Indianapolis, students used their smartphones to detect magnetic fields on campus in a semester-long data collection project. This paper discusses details about the design of the project, previous studies that utilize smartphones for scientific data collection, the specific smartphone application that was used, an overview of findings, and future iterations of the project.


Current subcritical limits for a number of uranium and plutonium materials (metals and compounds) as given in the ANSI/ANS standards for criticality safety are based on evaluations performed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This paper presents the results of an analytical study of the minimum critical mass values for a set of materials using current codes and standard cross section sets. This work is meant to produce a consistent set of minimum critical mass values that can form the basis for adding new materials to the single-parameter tables in ANSI/ANS-8.1. Minimum critical mass results are presented for bare and water reflected full-density spheres and for full density moist (1.5 wt-% water) as calculated with KENO-Va, MCNP4A and ONEDANT. Calculations were also performed for both dry and moist materials at one-half density. Some KENO calculations were repeated using several cross section sets to examine potential bias differences. The results of the calculations were compared to the currently accepted subcritical limits. The calculated minimum critical mass values are reasonably consistent for the three codes, and differences most likely reflect differences in the cross section sets. The results are also consistent with values given in ANSI/ANS-8.1. 3 refs., 2 tabs.


In this paper we will make an analysis of the socratic notion of moral techne, which unfolds itself in two senses: an unstable, human and critic wisdom (a Daedalus' sophia), and an ideal, divine and stable wisdom. Both follow the rational criterion, implying a conception of the soul in which motivations are strictly rational.


Multiple adiabatic/diabatic passages through avoided crossings in the Stark map of cesium Rydberg atoms are employed as beam splitters and recombiners in an atom-interferometric measurement of energy-level splittings. We subject cold cesium atoms to laser-excitation, electric-field and detection sequences that constitute an (internal-state) atom interferometer. For the read-out of the interferometer we utilize state-dependent collisions, which selectively remove atoms of one kind from the detected signal. We investigate the dependence of the interferometric signal on timing and field parameters, and find good agreement with time-dependent quantum simulations of the interferometer. Fourier analysis of the interferometric signals yield coherence frequencies that agree with corresponding energy-level differences in calculated Stark maps. The method enables spectroscopy of states that are inaccessible to direct laser-spectroscopic observation, due to selection rules, and has applications in field metrology.


Articles link problems, including extreme weather events, to global warming. Articles link problems, including extreme weather events, to global warming.


Japan Government through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been supporting the efforts concerning in education system that Honduras makes by means of teaching training for elementary teachers and with some Japanese volunteers support through Math Project that began to develop in 1989 on twelve states of the country (Lempira, El Paraíso, Choluteca, Valle, Francisco Morazán, Olancho, Comayagua, Cortés, Colón, Copán, Ocotepeque and Santa Bárbara) for more than twelve years. Such Project began with 58 Japanese teachers whom gave teaching training to 20,000 Honduran teachers, so it allowed finding very much information in this field, which we considered very important to contribute to Math developing in this country. In this opportunity it was considered this project reformation in three states: Ocotequepe, Colón, and El Paraíso into a new stage through "PROMETAM". This is a pilot experience, and according to the evaluation scores getting from it, some measures will be applied in order to improve the project and spread it out around the country. The selection of such states is a result from some meetings with Honduras Education Secretary, based on some data gotten from preliminary research, scoring and objectives analysis, experts, coordinators, and volunteers' advising and analysis of the geographical avail.


This paper presents the method of application of the commercial package Algor in the inverse heat convection problems solutions. Due to the Algor functions it has to be supplemented by additional modules which allows us to solve full inverse problem. Constructed hybrid program make it possible to solve various formulations of inverse problems. Two of them are dealt with here. These are evaluating boundary heat flux from the internal temperature measurements (inverse formulation of energy equation), and estimation of inlet velocity profile from internal velocity measurements (inverse formulation of momentum equation).


This study examines the factors that determine the inflow of international capital into the Nigeria economy. Foreign capital flow may become volatile and menacing to the domestic economy if a thorough study and further examination of its determining factors are not carried out. Annual time series data covering the period 1986 to 2019 was used in a dynamic frame work which includes the adoption of co-integration and error correction methodology techniques. Findings from the study reveal that external factors like foreign exchange reserve, foreign interest rate and external debt are significant determinants of international capital flows categorized into foreign portfolio investments and foreign direct investments. In the short-run, domestic macro-economic variables like real gross domestic products, external debts, and inflation are significant determinants of these international capital flows on the long run. The study recommends policy measures aimed at directing long-run foreign capital inflows and changing the short-run patterns of flow into the country.


This paper proposes a visual servoing system for a spherical underwater robot. Based on the spherical robot design, the forces and moments acting on it are analyzed and the governing motion equations are derived. The system consists of an on-board bottom facing camera module which is color coded to extract the position information and then guide the robot to follow the reference pattern placed at the bottom of the test tank. The visual servoing system proposed here allows the spherical underwater robot to track and follow a given target underwater. The main features of the system are, to track the color coded pattern and simultaneously feedback the orientation command to the onboard controller. Experimental results with real time data feedback demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can track the color pattern well and a better control on the spherical underwater robot can be achieved, even under various dynamic operating conditions.


In this research, a method of artificial bee colony algorithm was proposed to optimize BP neural network parameters and then introduced to parameter inversion of geotechnical engineering. The method is based on the research and analysis of permanent deformation of geotechnical earthquake engineering and aimed at addressing the shortages of BP neural network which is slow to converge and may easily get minimum value. This method not only strengthens the global optimization ability of bee colony optimization algorithm, but also reflects the high accuracy of predicting nonlinear problems of BP neural network and the strong generalization ability. The proposed method also improves the prediction accuracy This new proposed method was validated by using the earthquake data of Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam in WenChuan earthquack. The results showed that this method can better solve the problem of permanent deformation parameters and can be extended to inversion predict of the same kind.


Excised palatine mucous membrane of frog suffers from following effects of hydrostatic pressure in Ringer's solution. 1) Pressure up to about 1000 atmospheric pressure inhibits ciliary movement of the mucous membrane. The higher the pressure is further, the earlier the ciliary movement stops. 2) At 1300 (30 minutes)-1500 (10 minutes) atmospheric pressure the secretion of mucous membrane is augmented, and its O(2)-consumption increases at the same time.


Sentiment analysis is gaining acceptance as a tool for automated understanding of consumer attitudes and preferences. Based on well-designed rule sets that describe how most people express their sentiments, sentiment analysis models enable automated processes to understand human responses. In this paper, we describe our vision of extending sentiment analysis to the novel domain of cyber-security. Our proposal combines: 1) ontological modeling of attacks, defenses, and attacker goals; 2) sentiment analysis of combinations of elements indicative of probable attacks; and 3) semantic reconciliation of borderline cases to more definitively classify ambiguous network activity as threatening or innocuous. This method has achieved good results (86% correct) in assessing consumer sentiments, and we believe that more detailed models can improve on this accuracy even in the complex domain of cyber-security.


We present detailed analysis of the non-Poissonian population of excitons produced by multiple exciton generation (MEG) effect in quantum dots on the base of statistic theory of MEG and synergetic approach for chemical reactions. From the analysis we can conclude that a non-Poissonian distribution of exciton population is evidence of nonlinear and nonequilibrium character of the process of multiple generation of excitons in quantum dots at a single photon absorption.


A biomarker is a variable which is biologically monitored and sometimes studied more as an indication of natural biological mechanisms, pathogenic activities, or therapeutic reactions. Biomarkers are beneficial in the detection and grading of disease seriousness in laboratory as well as clinical settings. The first step in the creation of the biomarker system is to explore a viable target. There are two categories of. biomarkers: biomarkers of exposure for detection of risk, and biomarkers of disease employed in disease progression, diagnosis, and surveillance. The principles of biomarkers in disease have been applied to the detection, screening, diagnosis, treatment and checking of cancer. However, more targeted therapies have now been developed that can be directed to kill cancer cells only, while sparing healthy cells. By understanding the relation amongst the biological processes and clinical outcomes, we can increase, expand, and further elaborate our ways of treatment of diseases by using biomarkers.


### Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of the nervous system that interferes with brain control of body movement. In PD there is cell damage in an area of the brain that controls movement. This leads to the common symptoms of tremor, balance difficulty, and slowed movements. More information about the symptoms and treatment of PD can be found on the next page.

One theory about the cause of PD blames the brain cell damage on a chemical reaction called oxidation . Certain vitamins, especially carotenoids and vitamins E and C, may prevent cell damage from oxidation, so they are called antioxidants . The body needs many vitamins in small amounts to maintain health, especially that of the nervous system. The table shows the importance of some of these vitamins.

View this table:

Table 1 Common vitamins

Because vitamins C and E and carotenoids prevent damage from oxidation, they might reduce the risk of developing PD. In this issue of Neurology , Zhang et al. (Zhang SM, Hernan MA, Chen H, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Intakes of vitamins E and C, carotenoids, vitamin supplements, and PD risk. Neurology 2002;59:1161–1169) assessed whether the intake of vitamins C and E …


Confronted with the problem of low success rate of data collection, load imbalance between nodes and Link Estimate complexity, an energy-aware routing protocol was proposed. Energy-Aware and Load-Balance adopts energy-aware mechanism as well as data transmission between brother nodes, and uses Received Signal Strength Indication to estimate link quality instead of success rate of data transmission. The results show that, comparing to Link Estimation and Parent Selection routing protocol, this novel routing protocol performs more effectively on balancing the traffic load, protecting low energy nodes and prolonging the network lifetime.


Fifth generation systems are required to fulfill the objectives like compatibility, flexibility, high speed data rate and low cost. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) use WCDMA as the air interface for 4th generation mobile system. The performance of wireless communication
 system is often limited by the radio channel models. In urban areas, channel is modeled as Rayleigh fading channel. This channel causes multipath channels and other problems resulting degraded performance. Hence, channel estimation before receiver helps to receive the transmitted signal using
 rake receiver. Rake receiver is a conventional receiver for DS-CDMA system. In this, channel is estimated adaptively using LMS algorithm and performance of this algorithm is studied for various multipath channels and step sizes. Moreover, the channel introduces Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)
 and channel equalizers are used to compensate for the ISI. In this work, BER vs. SNR performance of Zero Forcing Equalizer (ZFE), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and MMSE- Decision Feedback Equalizer (MMSE-DFE) in WCDMA downlink system are compared with conventional rake receiver for various
 spread factors in Rayleigh multipath fading channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise.


In this wide-ranging and timely volume, fourteen scholars address the important question, how should we talk about religion, whether our own or the religion of others? They confront such fundamental topics as the sufficiency of "reason" for a full life, the adequacy of our methods of describing and analyzing religion, the degree to which any serious confrontation with the religious experiences of others will challenge our own, and whether there can be a pluralism that does not dissolve into universal relativism. Writing from a diversity of perspectives and academic disciplines - philosophy, classics, medieval studies, history, anthropology, economics, political science, and art history, among others - the contributors illuminate issues at the heart of the most significant cultural, social, and political debates of our day. What emerges is not a univocal answer to the question posed in the title. Instead, by demonstrating how religion is talked about in the languages of very different academic disciplines, the essayists creatively address issues that no one should ignore: fundamentalism, the role of religion in American democracy, the tension between secular liberalism and religious rhetoric, monotheism versus pluralism, and the relationship between poverty and liberation theology.


Dislocation remains one of the most common complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA), especially for ceramic-on-ceramic prostheses. Suboptimal implant positioning, mus‐ cular insufficiency, significant lower limb discrepancies, and neurological problems are standard causes for THA dislocations or subluxations [1-3]. Instability may also be linked to 2 specific mechanisms, lever-out (with impingement) and shear-out (without impingement).


A method for decoding a picture, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: receiving split flag information and merge flag information; splitting a coding unit (CU) of one or more depths n into CUs of depth n+1, on the basis of the split flag information; generating a merged CU by combining parts of the CUs of the depth n+1, on the basis of the merge flag information; and performing a decoding procedure for generating a restoration picture, on the basis of the generated merge CU. According to the present invention, a decoding procedure can be performed by merging CUs having similar characteristics, and thus auxiliary information to be received and processed is reduced and coding efficiency is improved.


The newly revised and updated 3rd edition of Bright Futures Nutrition helps you help patients and families build the foundation for lifelong health with sound eating practices. The new 3rd edition offers detailed, practice-focused guidance for applying the nutrition-specific concepts and principles in Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, 3rd Edition - the national standard for well-child care.


The The article uses unpublished archive sources to shed light on the formation of academic traditions as a part of a system of academic musical culture in Yeniseisk Province in the second half of XIX through the beginning of XX century. The authors tried to analyze local history materials from a sociocultural point of view and gained some results in the process of thoroughly understanding of musical and historical events. Keywords—performance traditions; academic musical culture; self-organization; Yeniseisk Province


In this supplementary material, we first provide detailed architecture of the Extrinsic-Intrisic Autoencoder and the global embedding baseline, in Sec. 1. We then describe the details on construction of the mesh hierarchy in Sec 2. In Sec. 3, we provides more analysis on the effect of the Extrinsic-Intrisic Autoencoder. Sec. 4 provides more ablation studies on employed losses. We evaluate the model complexity in Sec. 5. Sec. 6 provides more details on the methods that we compare with in the experiments of the main paper. In Sec. 7, we show more qualitative results on mesh deformation. In Sec. 8, we provide more visualization results for applications of our model in human pose transfer, shape retrieval and shape interpolation.


ABSTRACT The production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) is critical to the development of innate and adaptive immune responses required for the control of intracellular pathogens. Many microbial products signal through Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activate NF-κB family members that are required for the production of IL-12. Recent studies suggest that components of the TLR pathway are required for the production of IL-12 in response to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii; however, the production of IL-12 in response to this parasite is independent of NF-κB activation. The adaptor molecule TRAF6 is involved in TLR signaling pathways and associates with serine/threonine kinases involved in the activation of both NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). To elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the production of IL-12 in response to soluble toxoplasma antigen (STAg), wild-type and TRAF6−/− mice were inoculated with STAg, and the production of IL-12(p40) was determined. TRAF6−/− mice failed to produce IL-12(p40) in response to STAg, and TRAF6−/− macrophages stimulated with STAg also failed to produce IL-12(p40). Studies using Western blot analysis of wild-type and TRAF6−/− macrophages revealed that stimulation with STAg resulted in the rapid TRAF6-dependent phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-related kinase, which differentially regulated the production of IL-12(p40). The studies presented here demonstrate for the first time that the production of IL-12(p40) in response to toxoplasma is dependent upon TRAF6 and p38 MAPK.


This article is about a pair of factors that cause the distress that can be observed within the mexican society: the overflowed criminality and the impunity, by virtue of which the State is not fullfiling its essential historical duty: to provide an aceptable level of public security. This has two sources that complement each other. One is the sensation we get when we face an unpredictable threat. It is caused by crime. The other is defencelessness or knowing that we can only rely in our own strength because there is no one willing to protect or assist us.


Molecular-dynamics simulations of highly nonspherical rodlike and platelike molecules reveal that one of the two diffusion coefficients in the nematic-liquid-crystal phase increases with density, reaches a maximum, and decreases, while the other coefficient decreases monotonically in the usual way. This effect seems to be associated with the density variation of the nematic order parameter near the phase transition. A kinetic theory based on isolated binary collisions significantly underestimates the diffusion coefficients, but partially accounts for the enhancement effect


Aim: Inability to lose weight is often attributed to restriction of mobility due to painful arthritic joints. We hypothesise that removing the pain by total hip replacement or knee replacement will improve patients exercise tolerance thereby helping them lose weight. Method: A prospective study of obese patients (BMI > 30) undergoing consecutive primary total hip or knee replacement. BMI was measured pre operatively and 1 year post operatively. Patients with medical conditions or complications of surgery that would limit mobility were excluded. A questionnaire detailing pre and postoperative activity levels, walking distance/aids and diet was completed. Results: 37 patients were included in the study. All patients had symptomatic osteoarthritis. There were 21 female and 16 male patients with an average age of 70 (range 51 – 85). 23 patients had total knee replacements and 14 had total hip replacement. The average follow up was 11.4 months (range 8 – 12 months). The International classification of adult weight according to BMI was used to categorise patients. Obesity is defined as a BMI greater than 30 and is graded in severity. Class I is a BMI of 30.0 – 34.9, Class II is 35.0 – 39.9 and Class III is greater than 40.0 There were 14 patients in obese class I. 5 patients increased their BMI, 4 patients remained the same and 5 patients decreased their BMI. There was an average increase in BMI of 0.36. 13 patients had an improvement in walking distance and in 1 patient it remained unchanged. There were 16 patients in obese class II. 6 patients increased their BMI, 5 patients remained the same and 5 patients decreased their BMI. There was an average increase in BMI of 0.62. 14 patients had an improvement in walking distance and in 2 patients it remained unchanged. There were 7 patients in obese class III. 1 patient increased their BMI, 1 patient remained the same and 5 patients decreased their BMI. There was an average decrease in BMI of 1.3. 5 patients had an improvement in walking distance and in 2 patients it remained unchanged. There was an average increase of BMI of 0.19 in all patients. All patients reported an improvement in activity levels and a reduction in the use of walking aids. Conclusion: Overall there was an increase in the BMI of obese patients undergoing total knee or hip replacement. This study suggests that total knee or hip replacement in obese patients for osteoarthritis despite improved activity levels does not result in a reduction in BMI. This is either as the improvement in mobility is not sufficient to confer a significant loss of weight or that pre-operative obesity is unrelated to inactivity due to osteoarthritis. Interestingly, the weight loss in obese class III patients (BMI > 40) who undergo total hip or knee replacement suggests that they benefit more from surgery than other classes of obesity.


In view of many factors that influence the in situ real-time spectral measurements, various correction and modeling methods have been applied on spectral analysis. However, the intrinsic mechanism of these methods in actual applications was not usually demonstrated, so chance correlations could be unavoidable. This paper presents a new method for coding the absorbance spectrum of each component in a multi-component compound to quantize the size relation between different absorbance of various components. To describe the implementation process, spectra of the compound with three components were developed and partial least-square regression was used to construct calibration models. The results verify the feasibility of the coding method used for studying the intrinsic mechanism of spectral analysis. The new method provides a way to analyze the influence from different components of the object qualitatively and quantitatively, and it can help us to grasp the action mechanism of these correction and modeling methods. Based on this, we can choose and design a suitable method to enhance the accuracy and reliability of spectral analysis.


Objective: To understand the current status of care-workers' hand hygiene, in order to enhance their hand washing behavior and improve nosocomial infection control. Methods: Observation and questionnaire survey were used among 140 care-workers randomly selected from our hospital. Results: The average rate of hand hygiene compliance was low. The compliance rates were highest after their disposing dirty materials, before going to toilet, and after touching patients. The most important factor impacting their hand hygiene behaviors was the busy work. Conclusions: The hand hygiene of care-workers needs to be improved urgently.


The chiral bis(aziridines) 4, 6 and 7 have been synthesized and evaluated as chelating ligands for a variety of asymmetric transformations mediated by metals. The processes studied were the asymmetric addition of osmium tetroxide to olefins, copper-catal


Abstract : The parametric, or difference frequency, radiator appears to offer advantages over conventional facilities used for hydrophone calibration: wide bandwidth from a single transducer, narrow beamwidths, and short pulse lengths. The combination of these characteristics promises simplification of calibration procedures and elimination or reduction of boundary-reflection problems. Experiments described measured the parametric-radiator performance for calibration purposes and highlighted its inherent problems. (Author)


This paper presents an optimal lowest-voltage-switching technique for boundary mode power factor correction (PFC) converters. The proposed approach minimizes the switching loss of the power MOSFET without additional discrete components. Optimal zero-voltage-switching or valley-switching can be achieved for universal input range. The gate driver delay can also be taken into account. A boundary mode boost PFC converter with the proposed optimal switching technique has been implemented using a 0.5-μm N-well process. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can realize optimal soft switching, and improve the efficiency of the boost PFC converter. The proposed lowest-voltage-switching technique can be applied to other resonant converters as well.


The present invention discloses a television that includes a speaker; a display; a tuner for receiving television broadcasting signals and generates first sound signals and first image signals based on the television broadcasting signals; a connecting terminal for connecting to a player device having an operation panel generating operation commands according to user's operations; an operation macro outputting unit for outputting an operation macro same as a plurality of the operation commands to the player device in order to make the player device perform consecutive operations, through the connecting terminal.


with him or not is another question). This too, Dorrien's analysis suggests, can be understood at least partially as a matter of worldview: internationally, Obama is very much a political realist (with a fondness for American exceptionalism). Dorrien observes that in Obama's thought, "as in Niebuhr's, liberal internationalism and realism fold together since working together is what actually works to secure American interests." Given the multitude and depth of the challenges this country faces today, and the political and economic polarization in the United States today, the worldview best suited for clear-eyed leadership seems to be that of a realist. Nationally, as in the international arena, there are areas of complementary interests across our political and economic divides, but there are also large and deep and unavoidable areas of clearly competing interests. Significant political battles need to be fought; otherwise, it is impossible to secure in the long run basic elements of what can serve a future common good. This includes laws that promote some rough economic equity, environmental responsibility, health care, and steps toward dismantling the American economic and military empire. For Obama the realist (an Obama who is willing to fight in domestic politics and policy) to fully emerge, the progressive wing of the American electorate will have to push him there. The impetus to confront what Dorrien calls the "unsustainable demands of corporate capitalism" must come from those who do the electing. This means people — religious and secular — who are willing to do the groundwork, the coalition building, and the organization of real politics in a sustained way. The 99 percent movements, which have effectively raised national awareness about economic realities and divisions, waking up many of us who share their concerns, are showing signs of shaking off their hibernation. Are these movements composed of individuals, groups, and coalitions that can think and act out of a coherent discourse? Do they have the organizational staying power to endure? Will they be able to make a significant political impact on American politics in general and on Obama in particular? ■


Interest in photonic nanodevices motivates search for efficient transport of energy in plasmon waveguides. Chains of silver nanoelements guide light in channels of below-the-diffraction-limit size due to surface plasmon coupling. We calculate attenuation factors in chains with several geometries of nanoplates using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method for visible and near infrared range of wavelengths, where the Drude model of dispersion is valid. Nanoplates considered in simulations are 1 micrometer high, 50 nm thick and 380 nm long and are embedded in a medium with refractive index reaching n = 1.5. Advantages of proposed waveguides are connected with their small size and possible tuneability by adjustment of geometrical parameters. However, the waveguides highly attenuate signals due to radiation into the far field and internal damping. For the optimum considered geometry and 595 nm wavelength, the energy transmission of 2 micrometers long chain of parallel nanoplates reaches 39%.