Nitrite and nitrate are food additives that can be used as preservatives permitted with the maximum limit in foods, because nitrite can react with alkylamines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. To measure nitrite and nitrate contents in corned and smoked beef, the samples purposively collected four corned beef products and three smoked beef products. Determination of nitrite was carried out by using visible spectrophotometry method N-(1-naphthyl) ethylene diamin dihydrochloride (NED) in acetic acid solution as color reagent and measured at maximum wavelength of 536 nm. Nitrate was reduced into nitrite by Zincum (Zn) powder in acidic condition and then analyzed as nitrite, then converted into nitrate. The results showed that nitrite and nitrate in samples found were to be lower than maximum permitted levels. Nitrite and nitrate levels in corned beef samples were greater than smoked beef samples. Nitrite content obtained in the range of 13.95-34.40 μg/g in corned beef, and 6.63-17.19 μg/g in smoked beef. While the nitrate content was found in the range of 1.69-32.53 μg/g in corned beef and 4.73-6.37 μg/g in smoked beef. Based on the results from the present research, the levels of nitrite and nitrate in corned beef and smoked beef was lower than maximum limit permitted by regulation based on Permenkes No. 722/Menkes/IX/1988.


A pronunciation drawing board with human meridian points includes a drawing sheet (1) printed with human meridian points and an invisible code recognizer (2). The drawing sheet (1) is provided on the surface course of the drawing board frame (3). At the positions corresponding to the human meridian points on the drawing sheet (1), invisible code mark pieces are provided respectively. A pronunciation memory is provided in the invisible code recognizer (2). The pronunciation memory can recognize the invisible code on the invisible code mark piece and send corresponding meridian point and relevant traditional Chinese medical science healthcare knowledge.


The present invention provides a route planning device and a route planning method of verification, able to verify the date and time specified for these users can sail produced. As an example of the route planning device, a navigation device comprising a display unit, an input unit, noted that these information reading unit and the verifying unit. The display portion airline reservations made navigating the user is displayed on the map. The input unit accepts input the date and time of sailing routes. Note reading unit based on the input information to the sailing date and time input section, reads the note of the information. Route verification unit based on a position information note note information reading unit reads the indicated route and extracted note information or at least located in the vicinity of the route on the route, based on the extracted note information verification route.


China mainly consumes coal for energy,the abundance emission of greenhouse gas makes our country face with great environment pressure.Meanwhile,China abounds in CBM resources,however,the recovery of CBM is relatively low for the " three low one high " characteristic of coal bed.Based on the study of this paper,by buring co2 into deep coal bed,we can enhance the CBM recovery wirh the emission reduction of greenhouse gas co2 also,which brings tremendous improvement to both environment and our enery structure.


Abstract Reconstructions of past human experience have generally focused on the visual and the tactile. When sound has been considered, it is usually in terms of anthropogenic noises, created within human-built environments. While these studies are valuable, they frequently overlook a ubiquitous aspect of soundscapes in previous cultures: birdsong. As with other animals, birds were far more than just sources of food in past societies; they were key aspects of people's daily lives and the ways they experienced their worlds. Using an integrated approach that combines archaeology, onomastics and textual evidence, this paper explores the roles of bird sounds in Anglo-Saxon England. Through the use of the middle-late Saxon site of Bishopstone as a case study, the importance of birds and their noises for defining place and time is highlighted.


Background: Many clinical reports have indicated that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) improves vasodilatory impairments in patients with diabetes mellitus, but there is very little in vivo evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness on the brain.
Objective: To investigate long-term effects of oral vitamin C administration on the cerebral microvascular vasodilation in diabetes, using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar Furth rats by a single intravenous injection of STZ (55 mg/kg b.w). Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was administered in drinking water (1g/l). The rats were divided into control and diabetic groups with or without administration of vitamin C. The cerebral microcirculation was observed at different times (12, 24 and 36 weeks) after vitamin C supplementation, using fluorescence videomicroscopy. Responses of cerebral arterioles to acetylcholine (ACh), adenosine-5 diphosphate (ADP) and nitroglycerine (NTG) were studied by measuring diameters of cerebral arterioles before and after topical application on the cortical surface.
Results: The vasodilatory responses of cerebral arterioles to ACh and ADP were significantly decreased in diabetic rats, compared with non-diabetic (control) rats. The response to NTG was not altered in diabetic rats, indicating that the vasodilatory impairment involves at the endothelium. The impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation was prevented by long-term vitamin C administration.
Conclusion: Long-term oral vitamin C administration might be of clinical relevance in improving cerebral microvascular vasodilatory impairment in diabetes.


Today's borders are no longer necessarily made of bricks and barbed wire. They are increasingly becoming moving barriers that rely on cutting-edge technologies and complex regulations to impose travel restrictions on citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accentuated this phenomenon.


Synthetic Decision Support System(SDSS) contains multitudinous key technologies. To solve the difficult problem during the design of the SDSS, this paper proposes the designing idea based on component technology of the SDSS, presents its architecture based on business component and service component, as well as the component model of the system. It develops a feasible method for the construction of the SDSS, reducing software complexity and enhancing software reuse.


Based on the scenic spot sustainable developmental tactic, adopting the 3 indexed of tour economic developmental capacity, tour resource capacity, and tour ecological capacity, this paper estimated and calculated the ecological tour environmental capacity of Niumulin Scenic Spot rationally. It raised the feasibility suggestions of building the hotels and restaurants in the scenic spot recently, expanding the scenic spot area in the mid-and long- periods, limiting the volumes of passenger traffics of some scenic spots.


This study intends to analyze the trade competitiveness of Korean films in international markets. Under environmental of film industry, Korean films could be doing better. But the Key success factors Korean films in the foreign markets are the improvement of contents Quality and the diversification of trade market Namely, Our film; is mainly exporting Japanese market and the import depends upon American films. In case the trade specialization index(TSI), The international competitiveness of Korean films shows lower import specialization, by virtue of export increasing of Japan, Europe and other markets in 2000's. On the other hand, The Export Market Share has shown similar pattern to main markets except Japanese market., and the import was almost similar to trend in foreign markets except American films. Consequently the present film strategies and polices that delight limited markets will not be compete in global markets, Korean films or contents is merely called by that name.


Detailed study of multifractal characteristics of the 4nancial time series of asset values and of its returns is performed using a collection of the high-frequency Deutsche Aktienindex data. The tail index ( ), the Renyi exponents based on the box counting algorithm for the graph (dq) and the generalized Hurst exponents (Hq) are computed in parallel for short and daily return times. The results indicate a more complicated nature of the stock market dynamics than just consistent multifractal. c © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


As the residual displacement and/or drift demands are commonly used for seismic assessment of buildings, the estimation of these values play a very critical role through earthquake design philosophy. The residual displacement estimation of fixed base structures has been the topic of numerous researches up to now, but the effect of soil flexibility is almost always omitted. In this study, residual displacement demands are investigated for SDOF systems with period range of 0.1-3.0 s for nearfield and far-field ground motions for both fixed and interacting cases. The elastoplastic model is used to represent nondegrading structures. Based on time history analyses, a new simple yet effective equation is proposed for residual displacement demand of any system whether fixed base or interacting as a function of structural period, lateral strength ratio and spectral displacement.


Objective To study the value of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT).Methods From Jan.2000 to Dec.2006,63 cases of HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus undergoing hepatectomy and portal vein tumor thrombi extraction were retrospectively reviewed,and divided into three groups according to the different treatments:integrated treatment group(n=21),PVTT treatment group(n=12),alleviative group(n=30).Results The median survival time in integrated treatment group,PVTT treatment group and alleviative group was 12.7,7.4 and 4.3 months respectively with the difference being significant among the three groups(P0.05).Conclusion Surgical intervention is effective in the treatment of HCC with PVTT.


A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to measure Amoxycillin Trihydrate and Tinidazole at single wavelength (240 nm) in order to perform assay of drug from tablet formulation. The isocratic method was developed on Hiq Sil, C-18, V size (250mm*4.6mm, 5μ) column with disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.6): acetonitrile mobile phase in ratio of 30:70 delivered at 1.0 ml/min. The selected chromatographic conditions were found to separate amoxycillin trihydrate (Rt = 1.903 min) and tinidazole (Rt = 4.410 min) having a resolution of 7. Results of the analysis were validated statistically as per ICH guidelines. The percentage recoveries for amoxycillin trihydrate and tinidazole ranged from 99.85% and 99.75% respectively. The limit of detection was found to be 1.063μg/ml and 0.5535μg/ml for amoxicillin trihydrate and tinidazole respectively. Limit of quantification was found to be 3.189μg/ml and 1.660μg/ml for amoxycillin trihydrate and tinidazole respectively. All results were acceptable and confirmed suitability of the method for its intended use in routine quality control and assay of drugs.


The demand of inventory competitive product depends on the displayed inventory on the shelves. In this paper we mainly model and analyze the decision making of a supplier and a retailer who procure and sell the inventory competitive product under VMI as a Stackelberg game,and show that they will sign the revenue-sharing contract while there exists a unique equilibrium,assuming that the inventory competitive product is inventory inelastic(inventory elasticity index is less than 1),and its demand's random disturbing factor follows the uniform distribution.However,the contract is unable to coordinate the supply chain,and the expected channel profit of decentralized system is always less than the centralized one's.Compared with the supplier,the retailer shares more(expected) channel profit of the supply chain.The inventory competitive product with lower profit rate and higher inventory elasticity is more suitable to use revenue-sharing contract under VMI to manage the decentralized supply chain.


It is worth repeating the roll call: Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, Caroline Norton, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, Margaret Fuller, Susan Fenimore Cooper, Celia Thaxter, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Francis Wright, and Lydia Maria Child. The essays in Gendered Ecologies: New Materialist Interpretations of Women Writers in the Long Nineteenth Century...


Synopsis A new technique was used to improve the properties of 5083 aluminium weldments using nano-Al2O3. The single-pass welded metals were made using gas tungsten arc welding by fillers containing different amounts of nano-Al2O3 particles fabricated using friction stir processing (FSP). To achieve a uniform distribution of nano-Al2O3 particles, FSP was applied to the welding zone. In comparison with parts welded with conventional filler wires, a 29% increase in yield strength, 18% increase in tensile strength, and a 56% increase in impact energy were attained in the specimens welded using filler wires containing nano-Al2O3 particles and post-weld FSP. The fracture mode of the weldments was changed from brittle (for the un-FSP'd specimens) to ductile (for the FSP'd specimens). Particles agglomeration, particle cracking, and weak matrix-reinforcement bonding reduce tensile properties. The impact fracture surface of the samples showed that the fracture mode of the FSP'd samples was ductile and the fracture was commonly initiated in the matrix. The uniform distribution of reinforcements leads to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the weldment.


The energy levels of 15F have been measured by the p(14O,p)14O reaction. The 120 MeV 14O radioactive ion beam was produced by the BEARS coupled cyclotron system at an intensity averaging 1x104 particles/second on target. Energy calibration was obtained using resonances from the p(14N,p)14N reaction. The two lowest resonances in 15F were fitted with an R-matrix calculation. The fit to the ground state had Jp = 1/2+ at 1.23+-0.05 MeV (width 0.5-0.84 MeV), and the first excited state was Jp=5/2+ at 2.81+-0.02 MeV (width 0.30+-0.06 MeV), both relative to the mass-energy of the proton and 14O. The 15F ground state energy supports the disappearance of the Z=8 proton magic number for odd Z, Tz=-3/2 nuclei.


Based on multivariate linear regression model and Heckman two-stage model,this paper empirically tests the comprehensive impaction of management incentive( equity incentive,salary incentive) and capital structure on the performance of listed companies according to balanced panel data. The results show that the implementation of incentive measures could improve the performance of listed companies drastically,but different incentive methods( equity incentive,salary incentive,and equity salary incentive) have no significant difference in the influence level on the performance. Equity incentive and salary incentive does not form a positive fit effect,but equity incentive,salary incentive and capital structure do. Increasing equity ratio could optimize capital structure and improve the performance of listed companies.


Traditionally, the role of Customs and other border management agencies has been the 'gatekeeper of the border'. This article identifies that the collaborative border management (CBM) approach can, if properly designed, implemented and adequately resourced, deliver a range of benefits to government and the private sector. Agencies and the international community need to work together to achieve common aims that benefit all parties. CBM features the concept of a 'virtual border' encompassing the entire transport and supply chain where goods and passengers can be assessed for admissibility and clearance in advance of arriving at the physical border. The key components of CBM are discussed: policy, process, people, technology infrastructure and facilities.


Purpose Early identification of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an international priority. Multimorbidity (presence of ≥2 long-term conditions (LTCs)) is increasing and the relationship between CRC and LTCs is little-understood. This study explores the relationship between individual LTCs, multimorbidity and CRC incidence and mortality. Methods Longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank cohort, participants recruited 2006–2010; N = 500,195; excluding previous CRC at baseline. Baseline data was linked with cancer/mortality registers. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, 43 LTCs, CRC family history, non-CRC cancers, and multimorbidity count were recorded. Variable selection models identified candidate LTCs potentially predictive of CRC outcomes and Cox regression models tested for significance of associations between selected LTCs and outcomes. Results Participants' age range: 37–73 (mean age 56.5; 54.5% female). CRC was diagnosed in 3669 (0.73%) participants, and 916 (0.18%) died from CRC during follow-up (median follow-up 7 years). CRC incidence was higher in the presence of heart failure (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.13–3.40), diabetes (HR 1.15, CI 1.01–1.32), glaucoma (HR 1.36, CI 1.06–1.74), male cancers (HR 1.44, CI 1.01–2.08). CRC mortality was higher in presence of epilepsy (HR 1.83, CI 1.03–3.26), diabetes (HR 1.32, CI 1.02–1.72), osteoporosis (HR 1.67, CI 1.12–2.58). No significant association was found between multimorbidity (≥2 LTCs) and CRC outcomes. Conclusions The associations of certain LTCs with CRC incidence and mortality has implications for clinical practice: presence of certain LTCs in patients presenting with CRC symptoms could trigger early investigation and diagnosis. Future research should explore causative mechanisms and patient perspectives.


This article provides a summary of research undertaken during a seven-year study from 1995-2002 which focussed on prawn farm ecosystems, their ecological impacts, and cost-effective effluent treatment systems.


Based on the general projective Riccati equations method and symbolic computation, some new exact travelling wave solutions are obtained for a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation, the highorder modified Boussinesq equation and the variant Boussinesq equation. The obtained solutions contain solitary waves, singular solitary waves, periodic and rational solutions. From our results, we can not only recover the known solitary wave solutions of these equations found by existing various tanh methods and other sophisticated methods, but also obtain some new and more general travelling wave solutions.


[ Objective] To probe into effect on acute delayed neurotoxicity of triazophos(Tri),prothiophos(Pro),tri-ortho cresyl phosphate(TOCP)and their biomarkers. [ Methods] Three organophosphorous groups were set up:Tr(i4 mg/kg b.w.),Pro (200 mg/kg b.w.),TOCP(750 mg/kg b.w.),and negative control group( vegetable oil ) were performed at the same time with the method. Eight hens per group were observed for clinical symptoms of toxicity for 21 days after treatment. All hens were pretreated with 10 mg/kg atropine 10 minutes before treating to avoid death from acute toxic effect. Then the test and negative control materials were administered by instillating at pharynx. The volume of gavage was 5 ml/kg b.w.. After treatment,neurotoxic symptoms and body weight were observed and recorded daily for 21 days. The brain,spinal cord and sciatic nerve of test hens were taken at 21st day for histopathogical examine of demyelination(Pal-Weigert dye). The score and grade were recorded according to Hollingshaus (1981)'s standard. Fifteen hens per group were determined for their biochemistrial targets( treatment as above). Blood cholinesterase(BChE)and neuropathy target esterase(NTE) were determined on day 1,3,7,14,21. [ Results] One han of Tri and Pro groups died. Tri and Pro groups were not significantly different compared with negative control in symptoms scores of clinical toxicity while TOCP group was very markedness difference. The result of body weight was the same as the symptoms scored at third week. The BChE of Tri,Pro,TOCP groups were very significantly different from the negative control group during day 1~3,while significantly different at day 7. The NTE of Tri and Pro groups decreased and was very significantly different compared with the negative control group at third day(P 0.01). The rate of inhibition was below 40%. The NTE of TOCP group decreasedat day 1~14( P 0.01) and the rate of inhibition at dat 1~7 was about 70% compared with the negative control group(P 0.01). These three OPs had very marked effects on biomarkers: The max inhibition of BChE and NTE was at third day. The rate of NTE inhibition of Tri and Pro was below 40% while that of TOCP over 70% and up to 86%. Histopathological examination:In Tri and Pro groups there was not demyelination while in TOCP group demyelination was light. [ Conclusion] It is shown no acute delayed neurotoxicity of triazophos and prothiophos,but TOCP has. BChE may be used as the biomarker of exposure to OPs,NTE as the biomarker of effect.


As one of the largest contributors to export manufacturing in the province of West Java Indonesia, the garment industry needs more attention. Todays many garment company established a strategic partnership with various parties. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of strategic partnerships on innovation capabilities and performance of the business of garment enterprises in the province of West Java Indonesia. A total of 250 garment companies studied as a sample. Data were collected by questionnaires, where the respondent is head of the company with manager-level positions. Data were analyzed with multiple regression. The results showed that the strategic partnership provides a positive and significant impact on innovation capabilities. Directly, strategic partnerships are also have a positive and significant effect on innovation capabilities. Innovation capability is also have a positive and significant impact on business performance.


Presently, innovations and advanced technologies are the basis for the development of companies in Poland. Their creation and growth require not only expenditures and advanced and extensive organizational structures, but also exploratory and executive behavioural skills of their employees. Thanks to these skills, intellectual resources are created. The purpose of this paper is to present strategy for protecting intellectual resources in the company. In these deliberations, the authors present their model for the protection of intellectual resources that, in practical perspective, is a component of the broadly understood business development strategy. The point of reference for the purpose and scope of the paper was research conducted in the period from May to July 2015 on a sample of 137 companies classified into small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).


In digital mammography, the physics of the acquisition system and post-processing algorithms can cause image noise to be spatially correlated. Noise correlation is characterized by non-constant noise power spectral density and can negatively affect image quality. Although the literature explores ways to quantify the frequency dependence of noise in digital mammography, there is still a lack of studies that explore the effect of this phenomenon on clinical tasks. Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of noise correlation on the quality of digital mammography and the detectability of lesions using a virtual clinical trial (VCT) tool. Considering the radiographic factors of a standard full-dose acquisition, VCT was used to generate two sets of images: one containing mammograms corrupted with correlated noise and the other with uncorrelated (white) noise. Clusters of five to seven microcalcifications of different sizes and shapes were computationally inserted into the images at regions of dense tissue. We then designed a human observer study to investigate performance on a clinical task of locating microcalcifications on digital mammography from both image sets. In addition, nine objective image quality metrics were calculated on mammograms. The results obtained with four medical physicists showed that the average performance in localization was 72% for images with correlated noise and 95% with uncorrelated noise. Thus, our results suggest that correlated noise promotes a greater reduction in the conspicuity of subtle microcalcifications than uncorrelated noise. Furthermore, only four of the nine objective quality metrics calculated in this work were consistent with the results of the human observer study, highlighting the importance of using appropriate metrics to assess the quality of corrupted images with correlated noise. The source code for our framework is publicly available at https://github.com/LAVI-USP/SPIE2023-ImageQuality.


See related article, pp 776–783

Ruggenenti et al1 conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled 3-arm trial in 380 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without albuminuria to examine whether treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor alone, an ACE inhibitor with a third generation calcium channel blocker, or placebo, would ameliorate target organ complications over a period of 3 years. At baseline, measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was well preserved at ≈100 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in each group. Urinary albumin excretion was minimal (≈5 to 6 μg/min), and >10% of the patients had no evidence of microalbuminuria. The primary plan of this study was to evaluate whether different forms of antihypertensive treatment would impact changes in measured GFR over time in patients with minimal or no evidence of diabetic kidney disease. Given the diminished likelihood that the different antihypertensive treatments could measurably affect kidney function at such an early stage of diabetes mellitus, the investigators also considered other biomeasures of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular events, retinopathy, and neuropathy progression. Even so, it was a bold plan to evaluate the possibility of treatment effects at such an early stage of disease.

The observations of this clinical trial are fascinating and raise some important questions about treatment. The first interesting observation was the amazingly fast loss of GFR in this population of nonproteinuric diabetic patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, ≈4 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year. This rate of loss of renal function is on par with the trials of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone …


The present PhD thesis is addressed in the research field of control of power systems and more precisely in providing advanced methods for the analysis and control of the variable-speed wind turbine with a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Taking into account the nonlinear models of each subsystem that the DFIG comprises of, four full-order models are extracted, three of which are novel and used for the design of nonlinear control systems. Starting from the standard cascaded vector control of the DFIG, it is shown that the conventional control systems of both ac/dc power converters can be used under a common grid-voltage reference frame orientation, instead of the standard stator-flux orientation for the control of the rotor-side converter. A methodology for the inner-loop PI current controller gain selection is presented, that leads to reduced gain dependence from the exact value of system parameters. Moreover, outer-loop controllers are designed for the rotor angular speed control, in order to achieve maximum mechanical power extraction from the wind, regulation of the dc-link voltage and reactive power regulation. Under the common grid-voltage reference frame orientation for both ac/dc power converters, three new simple control systems with reduced dependence or even complete independence from system parameters are designed. Each of these control systems utilizes simple PI controllers and is designed based on the novel nonlinear full-order models of the DFIG, while it can guarantee stability of the complete closed-loop system. The first of these control systems is based on the direct power control concept, which does not require the use of cascaded controllers, of both ac/dc power converters. The second control system has a cascaded controller structure for both the power converters. For both of these control systems, the controllers involved in the stability analysis slightly depend on some the system parameter values. The third control system utilizes cascaded controllers for the rotor-side converter and direct power controllers for the grid-side converter, while it is fully independent from the system parameters. A common methodology of the complete closed-loop system stability analysis is presented for all three control systems. This methodology leads the proof of input-to-state stability (ISS) of the complete closed-loop system and convergence to the desired equilibrium. Finally, the controller design and system analysis is verified through extensive simulation results.%%%%Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή eντάσσeται στο πλαίσιο που αφορά στο πeδίο του eλέγχου συστημάτων ισχύος και eιδικότeρα στην eφαρμογή προηγμένων τeχνικών ανάλυσης και eλέγχου στην ανeμογeννήτρια μeταβλητών στροφών μe eπαγωγική γeννήτρια διπλής τροφοδοσίας. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα μη γραμμικά μοντέλα των υποσυστημάτων που απαρτίζουν την ασύγχρονη γeννήτρια διπλής τροφοδοσίας, eξάγονται τέσσeρα πλήρη μη γραμμικά μοντέλα της, τρία από τα οποία eίναι πρωτότυπα και χρησιμοποιούνται για τη σχeδίαση μη γραμμικών συστημάτων eλέγχου. Ξeκινώντας από…


motive force E (V) and the activity of manganese, aMn was as follows: E=RT/nF×lnaiMn/aMn-RT/nF×lnaiMn/a′Mn...(1) where aiMn=the activity of manganese ion in the molten slag a'Mn=the activity of pure manganese when pure manganese was selected so as to be in a standard state, the following equation was obtained from eq. (1): E=-0.0002T/n×logaMn...(2) n was approximately determined as n=2 by a calculation from the authors' data . From eq. (2) the activities of manganese were determined for all over the range. From the authors' result, Fe-Mn binary solution was recongnized to be approximately an ideal solution in all over the range. J udging from considerations made from several points of view, Fe-Ni and Fe-Co binary solution were also considered to follow the Raoults' law as in the case of Fe-Mn binary solution.


In the 1990s it is going to be easier to draw voting districts. It is also going to be harder to justify them. They are going to have to be explained in terms of increasingly sophisticated theories of fair districting. How, then, does one demonstrate a link between a particular plan and the multiple criteria for fair districting? It is proposed that a reapportionment plan can be described in terms of the eigenfunctions of a connectivity matrix. By making explicit the valencies linking nodes in a network of polygons, and/or adjusting the values in the main diagonal, the mapable eigenvectors of the connectivity matrix representing the network provide a mathematical rationale for a districting plan. This creates the possibility of simultaneously taking into account joint, and sometimes conflicting, districting criteria such as contiguity, equal population, and the protection of communities of interest.


challenges. It includes contributions from leading academics and intellectuals who have not just shared their insights but also proposed some workable solutions to problems that continue to affect state-building and social harmony in Pakistan. On issues such as violent extremism, enforced disappearances, civil–military relations and foreign policy, this book is likely to stimulate further study, making the volume of immense interest for scholars of South Asian Studies.


In a recent article by Dale (1978) an evaluation of the accuracy of the Philips treatment planning system (TPS) teletherapy program was described. Although the general conclusion was favourable, Dale remarks "the TPS wedged isodose curves are not in quite the same agreement with our plotted curves as was found to be the case with non-wedged fields". We think our program deserves better, than this, and feel that the judgement of wedged fields would have been more positive if isodose curves from the wedge section instead of the compensator section in the program had been used in the comparison.


We describe an undergraduate experiment for measuring the electrical conductivity of the earth with a four-electrode Wenner array, at scales approaching tens of meters. When analyzed in the context of a simple two-layer model of the earth, such measurements yield information about what is underground. In our case, this is the depth of the water table and the electrical conductivity of both the upper dry layer and the lower water-saturated layer. We also performed conductivity measurements in a water tank, to test the theory in a known situation. The experiments are discussed in the context of several boundary value problems in electricity and magnetism.


Many essential appliances like air conditioners and refrigerators which run in our offices and homes draw a heavy starting current. When the main power resumes or turned 'ON' suddenly, all the loads are switched 'ON' at a time and a very heavy initial current is drawn from mains. The current drawn is so high that other equipments are affected. The valuable home appliances can be ruined for such an incident. Sometimes it causes short circuit effect and fire due to extensive heat. The switching system described in this paper switches 'ON' the loads sequentially with a steady time delay to avoid the limiting inrush current in this odd condition. Also we have shown a way to control the switching system by a remote control system. Finally, this kind of switching system can be an important tool to save the electrical home appliances from damage due to unwanted or irregular ON-OFF of the main power. 


A quickly MIS generator based on three layer structure is developed to reduce researching cycle. Technology on inheriting and reloading of OOP is used during the development in order to extend and reuse the function model of MIS, and some parts of the program is formatted to offer scheme and method for generating a new MIS quickly.


A targeted fluid delivery system (110) is provided for delivering a treatment fluid (F) into tubes (I) of a tube and shell type heat exchanger such as in a condenser (C), typically used in a power plant. The system (110) targets the treatment fluid (F) delivery to separate regions (R) of tubes (I) such that the concentration of the treatment fluid (F) within the tubes (I) of the targeted region (R) is greater than a concentration of the treatment fluid (F) upon mixing with water from other tubes (I) outside of the targeted region (R) at an outlet (O). The system (110) includes a plurality of manifold tiles (160) oriented in fixed relationship to a tubesheet (100) of the condenser (C) at an inlet thereof such that the manifold tiles (160) are rigidly held in place, but do not block the tubes (I) of the condenser (C). The treatment fluid (F) is delivered to the tubes (I) through injectors (180) in the manifold tiles (160). The treatment fluid (F) is delivered to the manifold tiles (160) through fluid conduits (40) which pass through a waterbox (W) of the condenser (C). The fluid conduits (40) are coupled to a control valve (30) which allows the treatment fluid (F) to be directed to individual fluid conduits (40) in sequence without requiring adjustment of elements within the waterbox (W). As an alternative to the manifold tiles (160), a tubesheet (600) can be provided with injectors (680) embedded therein.


In this study, effects of political stability, economic freedom and trade freedom of above-stated Fragile Five Countries consisting of Brazil, Indonesia, India, Turkey, and South Africa on the performance of FDI appeal was analyzed with first generation panel data analysis method for the 1996-2017 period. The cointegration analysis between series was conducted by means of Kao (1999) and Pedroni (2004) test. The analyses showed that political stability and trade freedom have a significant positive coefficient on the Fragile Five Countries' FDI. It was also determined that the impact of economic freedom on FDI was statistically insignificant. Thus, it was concluded that the most important determinant of FDI entry into countries is political stability. Error correction mechanisms of models have been working well. In addition, it was found that political stability, economic freedom, and trade freedom are the cause of foreign direct investment in the long-run.


This study invest igated paleontological and strat igraphic research of the stratigraphy and molluscan fossils of the lower Pleistocene Kazusa Group, found in the Tama river/Tama hills area of the western flank of the Kwanto Plain, in order to collect basic data for teaching materials in earth science fieldwork. Molluscan fossils were collected from 110 locations from the Kazusa Group, found in the Tama river/Tama hills area, and categorized into 223 different types. These were then sorted into 32 fossil groups, according to the characteristics of molluscan fossils


This paper discusses and characterizes actions undertaken for the development of electromobility as part of the incentive policy pursued by the state. In most European countries, development of the electric vehicle market is largely contingent on electromobility policies, but the measures adopted with a view to supporting it do not always yield the expected results. Effectiveness of supporting actions depends on the cooperation of entities which are responsible for development and social-economic cohesion. The situation requires a multi-level approach to the implementation of electromobility development policy, consolidation of actions of various stakeholder groups, and one common direction in the national development of the electric vehicle market. Development planning acts are the very instruments which serve to enhance the efficacy of efforts undertaken jointly by public administration bodies and foster partnership-based relations between state, regional, and local authorities and their social and economic partners.


A 21-month-old asymptomatic child was referred to our hospital with leukemia suspicion with pancytopenia and "blasts" in peripheral blood. The blood count showed: hemoglobin 57 g/L, platelets 59×10 9 /L, leukocytes 2.4×10 9 /L and the abdominal ultrasound a spleen of 158 mm. The morphological examination of peripheral blood showed left swift and some medium-sized lymphocytes with a very high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and homogenous immature chromatin (A). Manual count: neutrophils 18%, bands 2%, myelocytes 4%, lymphocytes 50%, monocytes 8% and "blasts" 18%. In the bone marrow aspirate multiple images of Leishmania amastigotes were observed both inside and outside the macrophages (B), some of them with erythrophagocytosis. The multiparametric flow cytometry showed a 1.8% of hematogones but no blasts or


A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model with the consideration of the helix angle of the threads was developed to simulate the second stage self-loosening of a bolted joint. The second stage self-loosening refers to the graduate reduction in clamping force due to the back-off of the nut. The simulations were conducted for two plates jointed by a bolt and a nut and the joint was subjected to transverse or shear loading. An M12×1.75 bolt was used. The application of the preload was simulated by using an orthogonal temperature expansion method. FE simulations were conducted for several loading conditions with different preloads and relative displacements between the two clamped plates. It was found that due to the application of the cyclic transverse load, micro-slip occurred between the contacting surfaces of the engaged threads of the bolt and the nut. In addition, a cyclic bending moment was introduced on the bolted joint. The cyclic bending moment resulted in an oscillation of the contact pressure on the contacting surfaces of the engaged threads. The micro-slip between the engaged threads and the variation of the contact pressure were identified to be the major mechanisms responsible for the self-loosening of a bolted joint. Simplified finite element models were developed that confirmed the mechanisms discovered. The major self-loosening behavior of a bolted joint can be properly reproduced with the FE model developed. The results obtained agree quantitatively with the experimental observations.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


This paper explores the application of computational methods to the analysis of the large and growing corpus of news articles and related data on climate change. Topics are analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and methods customized to specific news sources that take advantage of keywords and other metadata that may be present. Results of this method on news articles drawn over several months are presented.


The effluent from a sewage treatment plant was treated by aeration biological filter and general filter,and then used as cooling water for power plant and irrigation for afforestation.It was showed that aeration biological filter and general filter could effectively remove organics,NH3-N and SS in sewage.The effluent treated could reach the standard of cyclic cooling water of "Water Quality Standard of Reuse Water Used as Cooling Water",thus saving a great deal of tap water and resulting in better economic and environmental benefits.


While business are often asked to radically rethink their business models to reach Base of the Pyramid (BoP) consumers, the promise of serving the poor profitably requires scaling the new models di...


Objective To observe the effect of Tuina manipulation of activating governor vessel in treating Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods 63 cases with PD were randomly divided into observed group(n=31) and control group(n=32),both groups were given madopar tablet,and the former were treated by tuina manipulation of activating governor vessel.Three months later,clinical effect and Parkinson' s disease rating scale(UPDRS)were evaluated.Results The toatl effective rate of the observed group was higher than that of the corrtrol group,and the improvement of UPDRS was better too.Conclusion Tuina manipulation of activating governor vessel can relieve the disease progression and enhance curative effect of PD.


【Objective】 To explore the value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein(H-FABP) on the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.【Methods】 Sixty cases of patients with early chest pain were enrolled in the study.H-FABP was measured and routine methods were carried out.The sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis were compared among different methods.【Results】 The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of H-FABP were significantly higher than those of routine methods(P0.05).【Conclusion】 H-FABP for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction has higher sensitivity and accuracy.It is an ideal parameter for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.


The protection system against disturbances in induction motors has an important role in industry. In general, protection in electrical installations only uses MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) and fuses which can only protect against overcurrent and short circuits and there are still many kinds of important protection that have not been covered in it even though along with technological developments many electronic protection devices have been created. The purpose of this final project is to plan and manufacture electronic motor relays against over load, phase loss, phase reverse, phase unbalance, short circuit, ground fault, and locked rotor disturbances. The AVR microcontroller is used as a controller for all systems in detecting disturbances. Where the current setting range and trip time are programmed using the C language which is operated with a keypad and displayed on the LCD. As current and voltage sensing using current transformers and voltage transformers. As for sensing phase reverse, it takes the signal from the differential amplifier and forwards it to zero crossing, trigger and X-or. Testing the accuracy of the electronic motor relay is carried out in each fault. The data obtained shows that the microcontroller can be used as a precision analog voltage controller. This is because the AVR microcontroller has good features and is supported by adequate processor speed for use in this kind of application.


Studied on the differences of microflora and quantity in different environment, different parts of the new and old koji-making workshops of Hengshui Laobaigan Liquor-making Co.Ltd . The results showed that the helpful microbes accumulated for years in the old workshops is obviously more than those in the new workshops. The quantity of actinomycetes in the two workshops were no significant differences. There are more microbes,eg. molds、yeasts and bacterias in the old workshops.


Research supports the premise that various mRthematical topics can be categorized as being performed better by the left or right brain hemisphere. This study examined the effect of left and right brain hemispheric lateralization exercises upon course grades in two sections of Analysis I (beginning calculus for mathematics/science majors) at a small liberal arts college for black women. In one section, 25 students were given two different types of logical-verbal left brain activ:'Les. In the cther section, 30 students were given two different types of visao-spatial right brain activities. Torrance's "Style of Learning and Thinking" was used to assess students' lateralization preferences. There was no significant difference in course grade means between the two treatment groups. However, left dominant subjects in the left brain treatment group scored higher on course grade than left dominant subjects in the right brain treatment group. Also, right dominant subjects in the right brain treatment scored higher than right dominant subjects in the left brain treatment group. Laterality differences in course grades, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, high school grade pcint average (GPA), and college GPA were also examined. Included are 27 references and examples of right brain and left brain activities. (DC) ********************************x***************************x********** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * **************************************************,******************** "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Cynthia Ann Miller TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Once of Educat.onai QrSrarCn and try,u0,,emen, /OLICADONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Th.s olc,,ment nas Deer fea00uced as ece..ed from ne DerSOn 0. 3rganaat.On 0.,:pnabN1 Mmo. changes na.e tx n made to anprthm eprOductOn Cualay Po.n!s .e+ 0 Ors, 0.3 Vated .n 1,5 00Cu rent do r,Of nefeSSarM, eprasem: offtC.a: OERIDOS,!.0,0,P.MO, DO LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN TRAINING EXERCISES HAVE THE GREATER EFFECT UPON COLLEGE CALCULUS ACHIEVEMENT ? PAPER PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEACHERS OF MATHEMATICS APRIL 7, 1988 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS


This paper is an empirical examination of social control theory as set forth by Travis Hirschi (1969). The analysis focused on the applicability of the theory for both males and females, as well as three types of delinquent behavior. When the different types of delinquency were examined, it became apparent that the theory explained some types of delinquent behavior better than others. Of the three types of delinquent behavior, more drug use was explained than either violent behavior or property offending, while almost none of the violent behavior was accounted for. However, regardless of the type of delinquency, the theory accounted for more female than male delinquency.


The low frequency second-harmonic transport response of multiprobe mesoscopic systems is analyzed using perturbation theory without explicit dephasing mechanisms. The intuitive conjecture that the second order transport current may be viewed as a linear conductance probing a distorted scattering potential is explicitly demonstrated in zero magnetic field B. For nonzero B, however, this simple picture breaks down, and I(2Ω) becomes a non-Fermi-surface quantity. A novel way of generating a second harmonic transport current is predicted


Some hypothesis, in terms of cognitive and functional explanations, are formulated to understand the possible spatial expressions in question based on a typology of how the languages of the world encode the meaning of location, origin and goal of a motion. Some possible consequences for describing the spatial semantics of languages are searched as well.


This paper investigates the existence of a long-run aggregate merchandise import demand function for Bangladesh during the period 1974 - 94. The cointegration and error correction modelling approaches have been applied. Empirical results suggest that there exists a unique long-run or equilibrium relationship among real quantitities of imports, real import prices, real GDP and real foreign exchange reserves. The dynamic behaviour of import demand has been investigated by estimating two types of error correction models, in which the error correction terms have been found significant. In model I, real import prices and real GDP (lagged one year) and in model II, real import prices, real GDP (lagged one year), real imports (lagged one quarter) and a dummy variable capturing the effects of import liberalization policies have all emerged as important determinants of import demand function. The error correction models have also been found to be robust as they satisfy almost all relevant diagnostic tests.


The composite right/left-handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW) consisting of the series interdigital capacitor (IDC) and the shunt meandering short-circuited stub inductor (SSI) in symmetric configuration is investigated theoretically and experimentally. To characterize this structure, the equivalent circuit model composed of inductances, capacitances, and resistances to represent the left-handed (LH), right-handed (RH), and lossy characteristics is established. These equivalent circuit elements are extracted simultaneously from S-parameters based on effective medium theory. The extraction method is to examine both the CRLH microstrip line and the CRLH CPW to illustrate the versatility of the formulation. The application of the CRLH CPW in the compact short circuited stub is presented to highlight the unique feature of the CRLH CPW. Compared to the conventional CPW short-circuited stub, the 51.4% length reduction of the case using the CRLH CPW is achieved at 5 GHz.


Keuka Lake, one of 11 Finger Lakes in western NY, preserves a detailed record of Holocene environmental and climate change. A combination of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and sedimentological analyses of dredge samples and two piston cores were used to describe the youngest seismostratigraphic unit and provide insight into the sedimentation processes responsible for the observed subsurface stratigraphy.


There is a widespread belief that conditional transfers enjoy greater support among non-beneficiaries, but this "assumption" has not been examined empirically. This paper takes a step in this direction by proposing and testing the hypothesis that conditionality has a greater effect on support for transfers when non-beneficiares perceive themselves as different from (potential) beneficiaries.The paper shows that the "otherness" hypothesis is compatible with cross-national survey data from Latin America that indicate that as the poor and rich differ more along regional and ethnic lines, the greater is the resistance among the rich and white for redistribution. It also reports survey-experimental studies in Brazil that show that conditionality increases support for transfers only among the rich and/or whites, and has a much greater effect once respondents are primed to think about beneficiaries as different from themselves. Evidence also points to the fact that that priming based on region leads to much stronger increases on the effect of conditionality than priming based on race. Findings suggest that CCTs may help overcome resistance to redistribution in more heterogenous societies, which is precisely where resistance to redistribution tends to be greater. More generally, the paper makes the case that there is much to be learnt by exploring how individual preferences about government transfers vary with non-redistributive aspects of these policies.


The available results from radial jacking and dilatometer tests are inadequate for the proper assessment and comparison of the reliability of these test procedures. In order to arrive at a rational evaluation of such tests, a computer program was devised to simulate a jointed rock mass, and sets of test data were then developed by performing (that is, mathematically simulating) a series of dilatometer tests at various locations within the rock mass. The computations indicate that dilatometer tests may provide a more reliable estimate of the mass modulus at a much lower cost than two or three radial jacking tests, provided that the orientation of both tests are the same. Curves are presented to facilitate estimation of the minimum number of tests required, in terms of average joint frequency and modulus reduction factor (MRF). Further, it is shown that the discrepancy between small and large scale tests may be due largely to the difference in orientation between tests and improper statistical inference therefrom.


Optical simultaneous observations for the vibration of microbubble are performed using a high-speed video camera and an LDV. As a method to observe the microbubble vibration, high speed camera is ordinary used, because it enables to capture a whole movement of the microbubble behavior in time variation. However, the frame rate of the camera is generally slower than bubble motion driven by ultrasound. Additionally, due to the low spatial resolution of the observed pictures taken by high-speed camera, it is difficult to measure the precise behavior of the microbubble. To solve these problems, a laser Doppler vibrometer was introduced with the ordinary high-speed camera observation system. Both of the observed results were compared to each other. As a result, the spherical bubble vibration at 27 kHz with the vibrational displacement amplitude of 2 P m could be observed and the experimental results by two methods showed a good agreement. A nonspherical vibration was also observed. The radius versus time curve was similar to each other, but the vibration amplitude measured by LDV was about two times smaller than that measured by high speed camera. For the complicated behaviors such as nonspherical vibrations, we found that the bubble vibration can be measured precisely by adjusting the focal point of LDV to the center of the bubble. By using the presented observation system, it is expected that more precise observation of bubble vibration behavior can be realized.


The psycholinguistic substanation of different types of tasks for studying the topic "Phraseology" at school is presented in the article. Developed and approved tasks allow to introduce phraseological units to students like the cultural labbled linguistic sign from the one hand, and how to organize the work considering the student's peculiarity from the other.


This paper discusses the breakthrough in learning Quadratic Function based on emphases and difficulties in learning.It also puts forward ways of learning in order to let students lay a solid foundation in further learning of function.


Abstract: The minimal constraints required for the definition of the reference system in the ITRF formulation are derived for both the one-step approach (simultaneous stacking of coordinate time series for all available space techniques) as well as for the currently implemented two-step approach of stacking for each technique separately and combination of the derived station initial coordinates and velocities. Two types of minimal constraints are studied, the usual algebraic ones related to the variation of the unknown parameters under a change of the reference system known as inner constraints and kinematic ones based on the choice of a reference system with respect to which the apparent variation of station coordinates is minimized. It is shown that under mild conditions on the approximate parameter values used in the linearization of the observation equations the two approaches, algebraic and kinematic one, become identical.


Mobile ad-hoc network is an independent system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links forming a short, live, on-the-fly network even when access to the Internet is unavailable. Nodes in MANETs generally operate on low power battery devices. These nodes can function both as hosts and as routers. As a host, nodes function as a source and destination in the network and as a router, nodes act as intermediate bridges between the source and the destination giving store-and-forward services to all the neighboring nodes in the network. Easy deployment, speed of development, and decreased dependency on the infrastructure is the main reasons to use ad-hoc network.


There is an increasing demand for the technology of content distribution, by which each user can request desired content through a network. Because of the low efficiency of existing systems, we proposed a new block transfer type video distribution system called burstVoD. The burstVoD system aggressively utilizes multicasting, and divides the content data into a mass of block files, which it periodically transmits to a terminal through a high-speed network, using a higher rate than the playback speed. However, by using the scheduling algorithm of the burstVoD system, when users request the same content from different periods, the VoD server repeatedly transmits the same block files in different periods. In this paper, we propose an advanced scheduling algorithm based on the burstVoD system to improve its multicasting efficiency. In addition, we propose a multi-channel burstVoD in order to reduce the interface bandwidth of client.


Discuss the main trend of diesel engine being internal combustion engine of forklift, lubrication oil consumption for engine and cold stard of forklift etc., and look forward to the future development of forklift. At the same time, analyze and inquire into mechanism, data and operation of the engine by engine theory and a typical case.


Starting from protoporphyrin a chromatographic pure hematoporphyrin dimethyl ester and its diacetyl derivative were prepared. The purification procedure with countercurrent distribution and column chromatography with alumina oxide and silica gel was described. Both compounds were identified on the basis of their IR, UV, MS, TLC, HPLC and ~1H and ~(13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis. The ~(13)C NMR assignments are given, which seem to be useful for the identification of different porphyrins.


The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy (PFI-ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of Kr2 has been recorded between 103 500 cm−1 and 118 000 cm−1. Photoelectronic transitions to four [the I(1/2u), I(3/2u), II(1/2u), and II(1/2g) states] of the first six electronic states of Kr2+ have been observed. The photoelectronic transition to the ground I(1/2u) state consists of a long progression of vibrational bands, starting at v+=0. From the resolved isotopic substructure of vibrational levels with v+⩾15, the absolute numbering of the vibrational quantum number could be determined. The analysis of the spectrum has led to improved values of the adiabatic ionization potential [IP(I(1/2u))=(103 773.6±2.0) cm−1], the dissociation energy [D0+(I(1/2u))=(9267.8±2.8) cm−1] and to the determination of an analytical potential energy curve that reproduces the experimental data from v+=0 to beyond 81% of the dissociation energy. The transitions to vibrational levels of the I(1/2u) state with v+⩽30 and v+⩾65 have vanishing Fr...


HEALTH iS ACADEMIC: A GUIDE TO COORDINATED SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMS EVAN MARX AND SUSAN FRELICK WOOLEY, EDITORS WITH DAPHNE NORTHROP TEACHERS COLLEGE PRESS, NEW YORK, NY 1998 $24.95 ISBN: 0 8077 3713 5 Few in education today would debate the notion that healthier students are more effective learners. Since most students attend school in the United States, it stands to reason that this setting is the most appropriate in which to make a concerted effort to improve the health of American students and thereby create a more effective environment for learning. Health Is Academic is a comprehensive guide to assist schools and communities to do just that task by taking advantage of the already existing structure within the school. The format for Health Is Academic is based on the coordinated school health model. The coordinated school health concept is an approach that advocates organized attention to the physical, social, psychological and educational needs which affect the health of students. The model was conceived in a now classic 1987 article in the Journal of School Health. In this article, Allensworth and Kolbe cited eight components that might be included in such a coordinated school health program. These include health education, physical education, health services, nutrition services, counseling/psychological/ social services, healthy school environment, health promotion for staff and parent/community involvement. Chapters are devoted to each of the eight components in Health Is Academic as well as several more exploring the links between health and learning and national and state roles in coordinated school health programs. The book is a collaborative effort between 60 national organizations with vested interest in one or more of the components of the coordinated school health model or with expertise in the prevention of health risk behaviors. Authors with professional experience or academic knowledge of the chapter topic are the rule. In addition, resources for further information are listed in several appendices. All three editors are involved nationally in school health education programs or organizations and bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the choices of chapter authors and content. The audience for this book is potentially broad. It would be useful to administrators and school boards searching for a place to start in providing better and more comprehensive attention to the health needs of students. Particularly in this era of proficiency testing and public accounting for student achievement, a focus on how to coordinate already existing services to improve school performance, attendance, graduation rates and community satisfaction cannot be understated. …


For exploing the developing trend of Chinese traditional wushu,we make a comparison in this article between Chinese wushu and western style fighting.


Balance disorders are a severe problem for the elderly. Exercise that can increase the power of the back muscles, leg muscles and dynamic balance is physical exercise in core stability exercise (CSE). This study aimed to analyse core stability exercise's effect on increasing back muscle strength, leg muscles, and dynamic balance in the elderly. Fifty-six elderly people aged 60-70 years were selected by simple random sampling as the sample in this study. The exercise program was given CSE (n: 28) for four weeks as the intervention group. The back and leg muscle strength were measured using the Back-leg dynamometer and balance measurement using the Time Up Go Test (TUGT). T-test and Mann-Whitney analyses were used to compare the results before and after the intervention. The different tests between the intervention and the control group obtained a p-value of 0.001, meaning an effect of CSE to increase the strength of the back muscles, leg muscles, and dynamic balance in the elderly existed. This study proved that CSE effectively increased back muscle strength, leg muscles and dynamic balance in the elderly. It is suggested to analyze the effectiveness of CSE based on the characteristics of the respondents.


This study covers various aspects of the aerosol distribution and characteristics, namely, optical depth climatology, absorption characteristics, and their microphysical properties over four regions in Saudi Arabia using satellite and ground observations including MODIS/Terra and Aqua, OMI, MISR/Terra, AERONET, and CALIPSO for the period April 2003–January 2013. The study includes cities in the North Western, Western, Eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia and in the Rub al Khali desert or Empty Quarter. Satellite and ground observations showed that the dust season extends from April to August with prominent peaks yet with high anthropogenic contribution late summer and early fall. Analysis shows an increase in the aerosol concentration during March 2009 which could be attributed to a major dust storm during that time. Comparing the AOD time series over regions 1–3 and region 4 (desert) we observe monthly and annual variability with no recurrence pattern over the years. The Aqua Deep Blue AOD550 data shows a single peak pattern that occurs over region 4 during the spring season known for its frequent dust events. OMI data shed the light on the presence of higher air pollution levels over region 3, representing the oil rich eastern province of Saudi Arabia.


Bacterial persistence, tolerance to antibiotics via stochastic phenotype switching provides a survival strategy and a fitness advantage in temporally fluctuating environments. Here we study its possible benefit in spatially varying environments using a Fisher wave approach. We study the spatial expansion of a population with stochastic switching between two phenotypes in spatially homogeneous conditions and in the presence of an antibiotic barrier. Our analytical results show that the expansion speed in growth-supporting conditions depends on the fraction of persister cells at the leading edge of the population wave. The leading edge contains a small fraction of persister cells, keeping the effect on the expansion speed minimal. The fraction of persisters increases gradually in the interior of the wave. This persister pool benefits the population when it is stalled by an antibiotic environment. In that case, the presence of persister enables the population to spread deeper into the antibiotic region and to cross an antibiotic region more rapidly. The interplay of population dynamics at the interface separating the two environments and phenotype switching in the antibiotic region results in a optimal switching rate. Overall, our results show that stochastic switching can promote population expansion in the presence of antibiotic barriers or other stressful environments.


Practical design considerations,trade-offs and technology issues for precise terminal guidance systems were presented. Several major contributors to zero effort miss distance were discussed: seeker latencies caused by angular measure accuracy,seeker′s stochastic noise,missile response limitations of control system and limited acceleration capability. A linear time-varying (LTV) model of the terminal phase of an intercept between a homing missile and a highly maneuverable target was derived. Based on the LTV model,the miss distance sensitivity to every factor was analyzed by the adjoint method in state space and finite-time circle criterion. These factors were often ignored in the theoretical study,but in practice,they are the major restrictions on the terminal guidance performance. The analysis and simulation results provide the feasible theoretical basis for the design of a homing guidance system.


Risk Flood protection involves works which reduce the hydraulic hazard in protected areas in terms of frequency, duration, water level, water velocity or flood arrival time. These works are parts of protection systems. In this paper, we discuss and compare three structure-based solutions that contribute to flood protection but seem to oppose one another in the mind of general opinion: levees based protection systems, whose purpose is to prevent water from spreading in protected areas; diversion channels that aim to decrease the flow at their downstream; flood expansion areas, whose purpose is to temporary store water, reduce flood peak and spread flow duration. The article also deals with weirs which can be found in addition to dikes in the three types of solutions on which the paper focuses. For each type of these flood protection solutions, the paper describes their functions and limits, details how these solutions are similar, opposite or complementary, and in the end shows that they are globally complementary and not mutually exclusive. It also demonstrates the interest of a multi-scale analysis and of an integrated design and management of these arrangements, taking into account flood risk, morphological changes and associated environmental objectives.


The pAO1 megaplasmid of A. nicotinovorans consists of 165 ORF\'s related mainly to nicotine degradation, uptake and utilization of carbohydrates, amino acids and sarcosine
 The putative sugar catabolic pathway consists of 11 ORFś organized as a single operon and coding for an ABC-type sugar-transport system and several putative oxidoreductases and dehydrogenases. The current work is focused on orf32, a putative PdhR related protein, most probably involved in the control of the whole operon. The approx. 700 kb orf32 gene was cloned in the pH6EX3 plasmid vector and the gene product purified to homogeneity as a 29 kDa His-tagged recombinant protein. As indicated by GPC, it consists of a monomeric protein with a native molecular weight of 32 kDa. The specific UV/Vis spectra showed only a single peak at 280 nm common for all proteins and did not indicated the presence of any colored cofactors. This is in good agreement with the fact that PdhR-family proteins contain a winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domain responsible for DNA binding, and not a Zn-finger or any other metal containing domains


Canonization in the Confucian temple (Kongmiao 孔廟) was a particularly important issue in Imperial China. The canonization list of those who could be canonized or not, represented not only the value of "good style of study" of the government, but also the goal to which scholars aspired. The criteria of canonization which emphasized classical exegesis were established in the Tang dynasty, and remained effective until 1530 when the government added another reference standard attaching importance to the moral conduct of a Confucian. Scholars may connect this phenomenon with the trend of Wang Yangming's (王陽明) philosophy due to its emphasis on personal morality, self-cultivation, and conduct. However, this sort of ethos and inclination appeared from the Hongwu period (洪武, 1368-1398), and was completely expressed in Cheng Minzheng's (1445-1499) memorial. The transformation in 1530 was actually based on Cheng's proposal, it was not related to the rising Mind learning (Yangming Xinxue 陽明心學). Cheng emphasized the most important function of Confucian Temple is to ameliorate the general mood by canonizing some splendid predecessors. Therefore, their moral conduct, not just their academic achievement, had to be commanded. Cheng even proposed to expel a number of earlier Confucians who had been honoured in the Confucian temple. These proposals relied mainly on his conviction: "honor the virtuous nature but also follow the path of knowledge."(尊德性為主輔之以道問學) Additionally, the deposition of the legitimate descendent of Confucius (衍聖公), Cheng' brother-in law, may also had been a stimulation.


The quality of a firm's innovations is determined by a variety of factors. One such factor is the performance of the firm's innovation system. This in turn is partially determined by how well the innovation system is managed. Despite plenty of scholarly activity in this field of study, a comprehensive, generic framework for managing innovation is still lacking. Combining oldfashioned management theory with modern-day innovation concepts, a new conceptual framework for the management of innovation is put forward in this paper. Its scope of application is much broader than that of contemporary theory in the sense that it addresses not only aspects of the innovation process, but also strategy, metrics, supportive organization, leadership, and innovation tools. In the first of a series of papers the current paper, through exploratory quantitative research, sheds light on how well New Zealand managers/CEOs are managing innovation within their firms. The results indicate that while there are many encouraging signs, there is also ample scope for improvement. New Zealand firms lack strong leadership in creating 'innovation friendly' cultures and seem reluctant to define appropriate innovation metrics and regularly assess their organizational innovation performances.


ABSTRACT In the following article, I aim to elucidate the meaning and scope of Spinoza's vocabulary related to 'consciousness'. I argue that Spinoza, at least in his Ethics, uses this notion consistently, although rarely. He introduces it to account for the knowledge we may have of the mind considered alone, as conceptually distinct from the body. This serves two purposes in Spinoza's Ethics: to explain our illusion of a free will, on the one hand, and to refer to the knowledge we have of our mind as something eternal, on the other. I contend, therefore, that we should not confuse Spinoza's technical use of the notion of 'consciousness' with the 'degrees of animation' that he also evokes in the Ethics. Consciousness, for Spinoza, is neither a faculty, nor a property specific to certain minds or ideas. Furthermore, consciousness does not come in degrees. Indeed, Spinoza's account of consciousness is not intended to differentiate kinds of minds in terms of awareness of their respective ideas.


the appearing of modern point fixed glass façade system was a big step in the development of the façade planning industry. However the application of steel surfaces has been constantly reducing in the last decades. nowadays the façades consist of fast glass material including a small part of steel material. safety is a primary requirement in every building material especially for glass materials. Laboratory experiments were carried out in the Bme, Department of construction materials and technologies to analyse the behaviour of point fixed glasses with pull-out test under quasi-static load. strain, applied force and vertical displacement of the specimens were recorded. single and laminated glasses were analysed with two different lengths. Based on the laboratory results, the authors recommend the most appropriate glass type for the point fixed glass façades. keywords: glass, point fixing, pull-out test, glass façade Máté rÉnes Bsc student at the Bme, Field of interests: point fixed glasses, self-compacting concrete. andrás JaKab PhD student at the Bme, msc civil engineer. Fields of interests: glass construction, glass columns, non-destructive testing methods, point-fixed glasses construction technology and management. Kinga neHMe msc civil engineer, PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of civil engineering, university of Debrecen. owner of struktúra Ltd. engineering office (design, quality control). member of the technical committee of Glass Working Group (mszt/mB 112) of Hungarian standardization institute; Hungarian Group of fib; Hungarian engineer chamber (mmk: 01-9160). Fields of interests: load bearing glasses, testing of construction materials, design, recycling of building materials. salem G. neHMe msc civil engineer, PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of construction materials and technologies, Budapest university of technology and economics (Bme). member of the technical committee of Glass Working Group (mszt/mB 112) of Hungarian standardization institute; Hungarian Group of fib; Hungarian engineer chamber (mmk: 01-9159). Fields of interests: concrete technology, mass concrete, self-compacting concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, quality control of building materials, nondestructive testing, reinforced concrete structures, recycling of building materials. 1. Glass façades Glass is considered not only a household material but it is also applied in façades or in load bearing elements like columns, floors or even bridges. The application of this material started to be more popular in design, however, there is no Hungarian standards for design. Only examples, technical directives and unofficial methods are available. Engineers have to take into account the specific properties of glass during the design [1,2]. This article focuses on the glass façades, especially on the mechanical connection between the glass and point fix connectors. The point fixed glass behaviour was studied under quasi-static load which characterises the wind pressure. Authors aim to develop an accurate and safe calculation method for the point fixed glass façade structures. 2. Experimental procedure Laboratory experiments were carried out on point fixed glasses at the BME Department of Construction Materials and Technologies. Glass types and sizes are introduced in Table 1. Point fix connector was pulled out from the glass hence in the middle of the glass was located a bore hole with 20 mm diameter. The load bearing capacity (displacements, strain, loading force) was recorded during the loading. Strain gauges were applied near to the bore hole on the tensile side of the specimen in two different directions which were perpendicular to each other. The test parameters of glass specimens were the followings: ■ ■ Constant parameters ■ ■ Rate of loading: 0.5 mm/min ■ ■ Width of the glasses 360 mm ■ ■ Point fix connector: R50SSS ■ ■ Interlayer material: EVA, 0.38 mm ■ ■ Test arrangement. ■ ■ Variable parameters ■ ■ Type of the glasses: Float, TVG (heat strengthened), ESG (tempered) ■ ■ Nominal thickness: single layer: 6 mm, 12 mm, laminated: 2×6 mm ■ ■ Length of the glasses: 460 mm, 860 mm.


Kelvin G. M. Brockbank, PhD Organ Recovery Systems, Inc., Charleston, South Carolina, USA ABSTRACT Conventionally cryopreserved vascular grafts have performed poorly as arterial grafts. One possible mechanism that causes the poor function is the extracellular ice damage in tissue. We used a novel new ice-free cryopreservation (namely, vitriŽ cation) method for prevention of ice formation in cryopreserved venous grafts. This study was designed to evaluate the in vivo effects of the vitriŽ cation process on autologous vascular grafts using a short-term transplantation model and to examine the morphology and patency of vitriŽ ed grafts in correlation with control grafts. New Zealand White rabbits underwent a right common carotid interposition bypass graft. Fresh and vitriŽ ed reversed ipsilateral external jugular veins were used as autologous grafts. Animals were sacriŽ ced at either 2 or 4 weeks after implantation, and fresh and vitriŽ ed vein grafts were harvested for histology studies. The results, comparing the patency of fresh and vitriŽ ed grafts, demonstrated similar short-term patency rates (» 90%). There were no signs of media disruption, aneurysm, or graft stenosis in vitriŽ ed vein grafts. VitriŽ cation had not altered the pathophysiological cascade of events that occur when a vein graft is inserted into the arterial system. The vitriŽ cation process had no adverse effects locally or systemically in vivo. In addition, vitriŽ cation has preserved endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell integrity posttransplantation. In conclusion, this study, using an autologous animal model, clearly demonstrated a signiŽ cant beneŽ t of vitriŽ cation for preservation of graft function, and vitriŽ cation may be an acceptable approach for preservation of blood vessels or engineered tissue constructs.


 Though the ideals behind government policy and rhetoric of 1930s Ireland claimed to esteem traditional life, government policy in the years of the Economic War was often assaulted the old ways. The Public Dance Halls Act of 1935, for example, required that dancing occur only on licensed premises. Having consulted newly available government files, Dr. Gearóid Ó hAllmhuráin shows here that the Act was never intended to destroy the communitarian traditions of the crossroads or country-house dance. Once enacted, the legislation that had been intended to stave off the "immoral" influence of jazz and other modern music was seized on by zealous Catholic clerics, and in short order, the intimate folk dance tradition withered before the regulated fare of the showband and the parish hall. A mainstay of the traditional music community in North America as both a performer on the concertina and lecturer, Gearóid Ó hAllmhuráin's 1998 Pocket History of Traditional Irish Music is now in its third printing.


Lock-in amplifiers are key components in many applications that require high resolution sensing. Aiming at the problem that the signal-to-noise ratio performance of traditional lock-in amplifier highly depends on the low-pass filters, this paper introduces the algorithm realization and verification process of a new digital lock-in amplifier. The algorithm is independent of the filter, and the theoretical SNR reaches -141.82 with the accuracy of 95%. In this work, a novel digital lock-in amplifier algorithm is based on a time analysis method, which is recommended for bearing fault detection. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, numerical simulation and experiments have been carried out to verify the proposed algorithm and its great potential in weak signal processing applications. It has been proved that this new lock-in amplifier algorithm has higher universality and better anti-noise ability compared with the traditional algorithm.


A constitution enjoys a special place in the life of any nation. It is the supreme and fundamental law that sets out the state's basic structure including the exercise of political power and the relationship between political entities and between the state and the people. As the former Chief Justice of South Africa, Justice Ismail Mohamed, once observed, 'a constitution is not simply a statute which mechanically defines the structures of the government and the relations between the government and the governed, but it is: a Mirror reflecting the national soul, the identification of the ideals and aspiration of a nation; the articulation of the values binding its people and disciplining its governments.'


This paper illustrates the reasons and characteristics of band-wagon effect on the stock market,and puts forward the strategies on rational investment.It holds that band-wagon effect is a kind of unreasoned slavish behavior in essence,which is formed mainly because of the interest-driven,following public opinion psychology,lacking information,bankers' hyping,media's instigating,and the undeveloped stock market and investors.Investors need to study hard,know how to summarize and use information,keep even mood,not to follow public opinion blindly,and make independent judgment and rational investment.


In the late 2000s, a network of agents started to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities into the Brazilian labor market, through an Affirmative Action Law that requires private companies to include from 2 to 5 % of people with disabilities among their employees. In this context, the experiences of people with autism brought to light theoretical and practical discussions on both the autonomy of these people and the 'best ways' of managing their everyday work routines. Perceiving public policies as producers of both subjects and social relations (Shore, 2010; Biehl & Petryna, 2013; Schuch, 2009), we aim to understand their effects in the management practices of different companies and in the citizenship-making processes (Ong, 2003) involving people with autism. Through ethnographic observation of the work environment in private companies, we highlight some 'Western' values implicit both in the public policies and in management technologies which may clash with the "logic of care" (Mol, 2008). By showing how Citizenship demands Care in this context, and how Care always demands a kind of human dependency, we shed light on the complexity of the notion of Care and aim to problematize the concept of Citizenship itself.


A 5-year old black boy was admitted to Brookdale Hospital Medical Center with a history of abdominal pain following blunt trauma. Physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and bilateral nephromegaly. Sonography revealed two enlarged kidneys of 13.5-cm length containing multiple homogenously echogenic cortical masses (Figure 1). Computed tomography confirmed the presence of these masses (Figure 21, which appeared denser than the normal renal parenchyma in precontrast images and less dense than the contast-enhanced images of the kidneys. The patient's peripheral blood smear showed a white blood cell count of 20,000 cells/mm3 and a differential showing 38% atypical lymphocytes. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were normal. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed pre-B cell lymphoblasts. Biopsy of the renal masses showed infiltration by small malignant lymphoid cells, consistent with leukemic infiltration.


We examine membership-based free shipping (MFS) in which an online retail platform pays for the shipping costs for each member that has paid a membership fee. We find that the MFS program leads to demand enhancement, price increasing, and negative externality effects. It benefits the platform when the shipping cost is not too high or the platform's commission rate is not too low. The MFS program hurts non-members always and even members under some conditions. The platform's shipping cost in serving the members exceeds the membership revenue it generates from them. Therefore, judging the MFS program solely based on the membership fee and shipping cost is misleading. The sellers on the platform are the only party that always benefits under the MFS program. Finally, society can be worse off under MFS because it may overstimulate the demand at the expense of the shipping cost borne by the platform.


The aim of these comparative studies consists of synthesis and characterization of membrane assemblies from cellulose acetate (CelAc) and acrylic acid (AA), using as dopant in-situ generated pyrrole–aniline (Py–AN) copolymer intended for use in fuel cells fabrication. The synthesis was conducted through free radical polymerization in a semi-homogeneous system and the casting method was used to form the solid polymer membranes. In selecting the optimal compositional parameters, the influence of the molecular size of the majority matrix component was also observed. These membrane assemblies were studied using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-Ray diffraction analysis which highlighted the structure–composition dependence. With the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy the ionic conductivity of the membrane was determined, in order to evaluate the PEM fuel cell performance. In case of thicker membranes, there is an increase in ionic conductivity values over those of lower thickness, which is due to short-order structural order. Also, a superunitary Py:AN is more favorable to conductivity increase than a less than one ratio.


OBJECTIVE To develop a UPLC-MS/MS method to determine the illegal addition of sibutramine,N-desmethyl sibutramine and N,N-di-desmethyl sibutramine in slimming foods.METHODS The sample was extracted with methanol by ultrasonic processing,separated by quick UPLC,and detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry with daughters scan mode.RESULTS The retention times of sibutramine,N-desmethyl sibutramine and N,N-di-desmethyl sibutramine were 1.29,0.97 and 0.92 min,respectively.Twenty-one samples of all 65 slimming foods were found to be added with sibutramine,one sample added with N-desmethyl sibutramine and one sample added with N,N-di-desmethyl sibutramine.CONCLUSION The UPLC-MS/MS method is specific,simple and fast for the rapid determination of sibutramine and its desmethyl derivatives illegal used in slimming foods.


Mobile cloud computing is a powerful technology that integrates cloud computing with modern mobile devices. One of the realized benefits of this methodology is that various computation tasks may be temporarily offloaded to mobile devices that belong to users' who are willing to share their resources. In this process, the problem of optimally and fairly allocating compute tasks to various mobile devices must be solved while considering dynamic conditions such as battery life, response delay, and power consumption. This study presents a new solution to this problem using a combination of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and lookup tables in order to help guide mobile devices in accepting or rejecting such requests. To achieve a more perfect collaboration between devices requesting aid and those and providing help, an environment is considered in which persuading cooperation will be achieved through reward calculation and credit exchange.


The invention discloses a cleaning and disinfecting method of dental medical equipment. The cleaning and disinfecting method comprises the following steps: (1) after the equipment is used for a dental care procedure, firstly, the equipment is grouped, each group of large equipment is bundled up together, each group of small equipment is boxed, and the small equipment is singly stood in a disinfection and sterilization box of the equipment; (2) a plurality of bundled and boxed equipment are collected; (3) the bundled and boxed equipment is cleaned and disinfected; and (4) the cleaned, disinfected, bundled and boxed equipment is stored for next use. Through the adoption of the method, the workload of doctors to separate and classify the equipment is reduced, and the possibilities of the hurt to the body and the damage and the pollution to the equipment are greatly reduced during the separation and classification work.


Transport, especially road transport as one of the modes and a dominant one,
 has a negative impact on the environment and the society. This is manifested
 through frequent transport congestions, increased risk of accidents, increased noise
 levels, increased stress for all stakeholders and the society in general, large amounts
 of exhaust gas from vehicles that is emitted directly into the environment and fumes
 discharged in the process of motor fuel production.
 Motorways of the Sea are maritime services integrated in the door-to-door
 logistic chain by using sustainable, regular, frequent, high-quality and reliable short
 sea shipping connections. Motorways of the Sea are a practical example of the
 definition for a combined (sustainable) transport. It is intermodal transport mode
 where maritime transport covers the largest part of the route. Motorways of the Sea
 system does not require significant infrastructure investments in ports, but success of
 the service presupposes excellent integration with other transport modes, notably rail
 and road. The fact that interaction with various transport modes takes place in a port,
 makes the port a significant factor in the formation of a competitive Motorways of the
 Sea system. Equally important is the communication and the flow of interaction with a
 ship, railway or road system because if only one link is not impeccable, it will be
 reflected in the reliability and quality of the entire system and service.
 In relation to the current model of the transport system functioning in the
 Republic of Croatia where development of port and gravity transport system is left for
 each port independently (six individual ports), and where systematic specialization of
 each port and route does not exist, the results of an analysis are devastating. The
 results testify that current model of the Motorways of the Sea implementation is
 entirely inappropriate and there is no element that would justify its retention. Analysis
 implies that scientific approach which includes identification of all relevant factors,
 state of the art analysis of entire transport infrastructure and identification of criteria
 which affect the functioning of the Motorways of the Sea system, can safely and
 accurately determine which model is optimal for the introduction of sustainable
 Motorways of the Sea system and can determine the evaluation of the current model.
 From the impact analysis of each individual criteria and all the combinations, it may
 be concluded that two scenarios (models) may be recognized as optimal choices for
 the implementation of a sustainable system on the example of the transport system of the Republic of Croatia. These two models are: a model of two ports and a model
 three ports.


Supporting thousands of interacting players in a virtual world poses huge challenges with respect to processing. Existing work that addresses the challenge utilizes a variety of spatial partitioning algorithms to distribute the load. If, however, a large number of players needs to interact tightly across an area of the game world, spatial partitioning cannot subdivide this area without incurring massive communication costs, latency or inconsistency. It is a major challenge of game engines to scale such areas to the largest number of players possible, in a deviation from earlier thinking, parallelism on multi-core architectures is applied to increase scalability. In this paper, we evaluate the design and implementation of our game server architecture, called LEARS, which allows for lock-free parallel processing of a single spatial partition by considering every game cycle an atomic tick. Our prototype is evaluated using traces from live game sessions where we measure the server response time for all objects that need timely updates. We also measure how the response time for the multi-threaded implementation varies with the number of threads used. Our results show that the challenge of scaling up a game-server can be an embarrassingly parallel problem.


Academic Medicine, Vol. 92, No. 7 / July 2017 903 school. Could a book club help buffer these undesired effects of our current medical education? Perhaps. Studies have demonstrated the protective influence of the humanities in medical curricula. With the demands of medical school and looming shelf examinations, it becomes increasingly challenging for students to carve out time for allegedly frivolous hobbies. Yet each month, a group of tired but enthusiastic medical students gather together to listen—but also to be heard.


Objective To explore the prevalence rate of internet addiction and related factors in English major college students.Methods Type A Behavior Pattern Scale,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist,Coping Style Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale,Self-esteem Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,Diagnostic Scale for Internet Addiction Disorder were adopted in the study to test 600 English major college students.Results The prevalence rate of internet addiction in English major college students was 7.17% ,and the rate of boys( 28% ) was significantly higher than that of girls( 4.19% ) .Students with the lower perceived health status,the lower satisfaction with living and study,smoking,heavy drinking,the more drinking during the recent one month,the more irregular sleep,and Type B behavior pattern,had higher prevalence rate of internet addiction.Pschoticism,Neuroticism,life events,selfaccusation,fancy,avoidance,rationalization,depressive symptoms were significantly positively correlated with internet addiction.Extraversion,concealing,problem solution,seeking for help,social supports,Self-esteem were significantly negatively correlated with internet addiction.Stepwise regression analysis showed that the main risk factors contributing to internet addiction were seeking for help,social supports,boys,Type B behavior pattern,smoking, rationalization,life events,selfaccusation,introversion,depressive symptoms ,concealing,heavy drinking,satisfaction with living and study.Conclusion The incidence of internet addiction is affected by multiple factors,synthetic measures should be taken to reduce the prevalence of internet addiction.


Amidst the lively controversy concerning the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia it is imperative for the general practitioner as well as the urologist to keep the purpose of the operation clearly in mind. Stated simply, surgical treatment is undertaken in an effort to relieve the symptoms of urinary obstruction, so that micturition can again be normal. The restoration of normal micturition is the common goal of suprapubic, perineal and transurethral prostatectomy. In an attempt to reach this common goal, each operation is designed to remove the same hyperplastic prostatic tissue. A realization of the pathologic changes which occur in prostatic hyperplasia will aid in elucidating this fact. Benign prostatic hyperplasia consists in the growth of a single adenoma or multiple adenomas. By the process of growth these adenomas compress the surrounding normal prostatic tissue, thus forming the so-called surgical capsule of the prostate gland. Complete removal of the adenomas