a general public audience and motivated by a felt need to enhance the public's understanding of science and technology. Science 80 was launched in October on a subscription basis and approximately 250,000 subscribers had responded as the year ended. The venture is a major one for a nonprofit organization with decidedly finite financial resources, but the initial bimonthly issues have been received well and the outlook thus far is for a successful result. I must acknowledge the initiative of Allen Hammond, formerly Research News Editor of Science, in conceiving and planning this addition to AAAS's publishing repertoire. A second striking development during 1979 concerns the increasing collaboration between AAAS and its affiliated societies, of which there are nearly 300. While I will not pretend that the interaction with our affiliates is uniformly vital across this immense universe, it is distinctly better than it was in the past. What is happening is that AAAS is engaging affiliate involvement in particular areas of common interest. Eighty affiliated societies participate in the AAASsponsored Consortium of Affiliates for International Programs. The Consortium is working with AAAS in preparations for a major 1980 seminar to be held in India on the role of scientific and engineering societies in advancing modernization of developing countries. Sixteen affiliates finance, wholly or in part, Congressional Science and Engineering Fellows. Ten affiliated societies now participate actively in producing elements of the AAAS analyses of the Federal Research and Development Budget. Eighty societies work with AAAS in the program for physically handicapped scientists and engineers. Thirteen affiliates joined with AAAS in conducting workshops for the State Department leading up to the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development. Thirty-three affiliates participate


&fixtures of standard compounds ofbiological interest were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with tandem four-sector mass spectrometv (RISmIS) using an array detector. Capillary elech.ophoresis offers extremely high separation efficiencies while array detection allows fbr the simultaneous acquisition ofalarge Itaction ofa tandem mass spectrum and high utilization ofthe sample ions produced. Consequently, improvements in sensitivity and structural information were ohsenred for the combined techniques in comparison to similar measurements with a four-sector and a single-point detector. Coaxial continuous-flow fast atom bombardmentwas used to create (&I + H ) precursor ions ofthe separated analytes and their product ion spectra were acquired fi.om femtomole levels in electrophoretic real-time. The limit-of-detection for the acquisition of &ISMS data fi.om electrophoretically-separated peptides was 35-100 hol. The &ISMS data acquired at these levels showed cleavages of the peptidebackbone (i.e. to give a and y ions) and production of immonium ions fi.om the constituent amino acids. Acquisition of the spectra via the array detector is more routine and, at the 100 kmtomolelevel, provides more structurally infbrmative ions and yields better ion statistics than comparable spectra acquired with a point detector. clcchophorcsis. t a ~ d a n mass spcchornchy. array dctcction. coaxial col~til~uous flow FAB. pcptidcs


Because of the exothermicity of reaction and the necessity of using active initiators for the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) suspension polymerization reaction, a study was undertaken in order to choose the best polymerization inhibitor for emergency situations such as temperature runaway, power failures, and agitation system problems. The effect of triethylene glycol-bis3(3 terc-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl) propionate (1) and N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt (2) cited in the literature as free radical polymerization inhibitors on VCM suspension polymerization reactions is shown.


The purpose of this study is to develop a science e-module based on scientific approach on the topic of the cahaya dan alat optik in a fourth grade of elementary school which is valid, practical, and effective.  This development study used the ADDIE with several steps; analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.  This study was conducted on 4th grade students in SD Dwijendra Denpasar.  The data collection used rating scale, questionnaire, and essay test methods.  The results of the validity test of two material expert lecturers got an average percentage of 92% with very good qualifications.  The results of the validity test of two media expert lecturers got an average percentage of 90% with very good qualifications.  The practicality response of the product from four homeroom teachers for grade IV SD Dwijendra Denpasar, got an average percentage of 90% with very practical qualifications.  The results of the product effectiveness test based on students' understanding of science concepts got a percentage of effectiveness about 86.26% with high effectiveness criteria.  Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the development of a science e-module based on scientific approach on the topic of cahaya dan alat optik conforms to be valid, practical, and effective.  Thus, the scientific approach on science e-module on the topic of the cahaya dan alat optik is appropriate to be applied in fourth grade elementary school learning.


This paper presents the results of a series of triaxial tests with dry sand at confining pressures varying from 1.5 kPa to 100 kPa at relative densities of 0.20, 0.59, and 0.84. The results, which are in reasonable accordance with an equation given by Bolton, show that the friction angle is strongly dependent on the stress level and on the basis of the test results, a nonlinear Mohr failure criterion has been proposed. This yield criterion has been implemented in a finite element program and an analysis of the bearing capacity of a circular shaped model foundation, diameter 100 mm, has been conducted. Comparisons have been made with results from 1g model scale tests with a foundation of similar size and a good agreement between numerical results and test results has been found.


Establishing that a signal of new physics is undoubtedly supersymmetric requires not only the discovery of the supersymmetric partners but also probing their spins and couplings. We show that the sbottom spin can be probed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider using only angular correlations in the reaction pp{yields}b-tildeb-tilde*{yields}bbpe{sub T}, which allow us to distinguish a universal extra dimensional interpretation with a fermionic heavy bottom quark from supersymmetry with a bosonic bottom squark. We demonstrate that this channel provides a clear indication of the sbottom spin provided the sbottom production rate and branching ratio into b{chi}-tilde{sub 1}{sup 0} are sufficiently large to have a clear signal above standard model backgrounds.


Using chemical herbicide for weed control in paddy field is an important method in practice at present,In view of the trend that large amount of chemical herbicide is used in paddy field and the amount is increasing year by year,the effects of five kinds of chemical herbicide on rice growth and soil ecology were studied.The result indicated that proper amount of chemical herbicide could control weeds growth and reduce its harm to rice effectively,moreover,its effects on rice growth were not obviouse.But excessive amount of herbicide could influence to some extent the number of rice tillers and yield,even reduce soil microbial quantity and the activity of enzymes in soil,thus reduce the soil quality and its capacity of supplying nutrients,the greater amount of herbicide,the greater effect.


Background Reduced participation in physical activity and increased time spent in sedentary behavior are associated with overweight, chronic disease, and disability. In order to optimize recommendations and interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in children with cerebral palsy (CP), knowledge of their physical activity and sedentary behavior is needed. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior in preadolescent children with and without CP and compare physical activity and sedentary behavior between the 2 groups. Design This was a cross-sectional study of 33 children, aged 6 to 10 years, with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III) and 33 age- and sex-matched children with typical development. Methods Physical activity was measured using the RT3 accelerometer over 7 days. Results Children with CP spent more time in sedentary behavior and accumulated less total activity, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and sustained bouts of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA). They also accumulated a fewer number of bouts of MVPA and vigorous activity, despite spending a similar amount of time in each bout. Limitations The small number of children in GMFCS levels II and III did not allow for adjustment for GMFCS level when comparing physical activity between children with and without CP. Conclusions Preadolescent children with CP spent less time in moderate and vigorous activity and more time in sedentary behavior than children with typical development. Children with CP also accumulated less continuous MVPA and vigorous activity as a result of achieving fewer sustained bouts of MVPA and vigorous activity throughout the day.


Although there has been a lot work done on identifying duplicates in relational data, but only a few solutions focus on identifying duplicates in more complex hierarchical structures, like XML data. In this paper, we have demonstrated the novel method for XML duplicate detection, called XMLDup. XMLDup method implements the Bayesian network to calculate and determine the probability of two XML nodes, considering not only the information within the XML nodes, but also the way that the information is structured. In addition, to increase the efficiency of the network evaluation, a novel pruning strategy, capable of significant gains over the unoptimized version of the algorithm, is presented. Through experiments and comparisons, we show that our algorithm is able to achieve high precision and recall scores in several datasets. XMLDup method helps us to improve both efficiency and of effectiveness.


How are new principals acquainted with the minor administrative practices of the local school system? How are all principals assisted in keeping routine clerical and administrative activities at a minimum level of uniformity? To what source can principals turn in an emergency for confirmation of the practices of the local school system? Present practice.-The replies to letters sent to 425 cities" do not show a systematic effort to supply principals with material of the type suggested in the foregoing questions. Many cities issue mimeographed bulletins from time to time, but these are not easily filed nor carefully indexed. Ninety-five cities sent the rule book of the board of education. Forty-five cities wrote letters stating that printed materials are not available. Some typical replies are as follows: In reply to your letter, I am sorry to say that we have no special manual setting forth the duties of elementary-school principals. We have nothing in printed form giving the rules and regulations of the Board of Education nor the duties of elementary-school principals. In reply to your letter, I regret to say that we do not have any manuals or pamphlets setting forth the duties of elementary-school principals in this city, and we do not have any printed copies of the rules of the Board of Education. There are no printed rules of instruction for principals of elementary schools. The principals work under the direction of the superintendent.


Deformation twinning, martensitic phase transformation and mechanical properties of austenitic Fe-(15-30)wt%Mn alloys with additions of aluminium and silicon have been investigated. Tensile tests were carried out at different strain rates and temperatures. The formation of twins, α ' - and £-martensite during plastic deformation was analysed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The stacking fault energy γ fcc and the free energy ΔG γ-e for the γ→e phase transformation were calculated using the regular solution model. It is known that additions of aluminium increase γ fcc and therefore strongly suppress the γ→e transformation while silicon decrease γ fcc and sustains the γ-e transformation. The γ→e phase transformation takes place in alloys with γ fcc 20 mJ/m 2 . The stacking fault energy of the Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al alloy was calculated as a function of temperature and related with microstructural changes of the strained sample at different temperatures. These steels with reduced density of about 7,3 g/cm -3 combine high tensile ductility up to 80 % at high strain rates with true tensile strength of about 1000 MPa. The excellent plasticity induced by twinning and additional phase transformation up to extremely high strain rates of about e = 10 3 s -1 results in an extraordinary shock resistence and enables deep drawing and backward extrusion operations of parts with complex shapes and high production rates.


The triboelectric effect is utilized in energy generators to convert ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy with potential to enable self-powered electronics. However, the fundamental mechanism behind the triboelectric effect is still unclear making it difficult to optimize the properties of the material pairs in the generator. In order to maximize the performance of triboelectric generators, the relationship between the triboelectric output and the mechanical properties of materials is investigated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a model material. The bulk mechanical properties of PDMS were tuned by varying thermal treatment. Specifically, the tensile and compressive elastic modulus of PDMS heated for 48 hours increased by 4.4 folds and 2 folds respectively compared to PDMS without additional thermal treatment. In addition, the contacting surface of the PDMS samples were examined by measuring the surface roughness and contact angle. The results showed that the effect of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties is more significant than on the surface roughness. Interestingly, the triboelectric output polarity of the thermally treated PDMS samples is different from that of the PDMS without thermal treatment. The reversal of triboelectric polarity is surmised to result from bond breaking, and thus material transfer, between the two contacting materials. These findings confirm that the triboelectric output is not only affected by the chemical composition of the material, but also by the mechanical properties, which should be considered in the design and development of triboelectric devices.


Lignin composition in relation to its basic phenylpropanoid units, particularly the syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, is an important property for biomass characterization and varies greatly as a function of species, genotype and environment. A rapid screening method is highly desirable to assess lignin composition in a large number of samples. We have developed a nondestructive and label‐free Fourier transform Raman (FT‐Raman) spectroscopic method that is capable of rapidly and reliably measuring the S/G ratio with minimal sample preparation. A variety of feedstocks, including hardwood (Eucalyptus globulus), softwood (Pinus radiata), herbaceous plants (Zea mays, Panicum virgatum, and Sorghum bicolor), and a model dicot (Arabidopsis thaliana) were measured using this technique and the corresponding S/G ratio was calculated after spectral deconvolution based on the S and G bands identified using a known library of model compounds. The results obtained using this technique were successfully validated by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyro‐GC/MS). This technique holds significant promise in the rapid screening of engineered feedstocks as part of a comprehensive screening methodology that is correlated with biomass recalcitrance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:647–656. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Present invention relates to Web service anti-theft chain method, said method relating to Web Site Web server and encryption key issuance server,In Web utilizing Web issued URL carrying user messages and protecting user messages using AES encryption algorithm to ensure once URL has field being modified , different word section generating after AES ciphering, at the same time to ensure generating different URL when same file clicked by same user in different time or same clicked by different user in same time. Due to URL cryptographic encryption key is undeclared and may be updated after a time piece so encryption key basically can not be decrypted, thereby to protect service provider and validated user validity benefit.


Total mercury was quantified in 11 fresh-water fish species from different commercial origins. Mercury has been used in agriculture, industry, mining, etc. Consequently there was an increase of mercury discharge to environment, that enters into the throphic chain. In this context, the man, through the consumption of foods, mainly fishery products, turns vulnerable to mercury. The obtained results for mandi - Pimelodus maculatus, tilapia - Tilapia sp, saguiru - Cyphocharax modestus, lambari- Astyanax sp, sardela - Triportheus sp, traira - Hoplias sp, curimbata - Prochilodus sp and dourado - Salminus sp, commercialized in Sao Paulo-SP, and for jaraqui - Semaprochilodus insignis, curimata - Prochilodus nigricans and matrincha - Brycon sp, from Brazilian Amazon region, varied from 0,01 to 0,39mgHg/Kg. The present work results, from the Public Health's point of view, were lower than the Brazilian tolerance limits of 0,5 and 1,0mgHg/Kg for non-predatory and predatory species, respectively. Mercury levels in carnivorous species (traira and dourado) varied from 0,26 to 0,39mgHg/Kg. The expectation on the possibility of high mercury levels occurrence in the studied species was not confirmed.


Part 1: Frameworks and Principles 1 What is multi-agency work? 2 Frameworks for practice 3 Multi-agency Assessment Part 2 Multi-agency work in specific contexts 4 Safeguarding Children 5 The role of the school and early years settings in safeguarding children 6 Children in care 7 Information sharing 8 Working with parents Part 3 Looking to the Future 9 The 'Every Child Matters' agenda Conclusion.


Leaf temperature (Tleaf) influences photosynthesis and respiration. Currently, there is a growing interest in including lianas in productivity models due to their increasing abundance and their detrimental effects in the carbon stock of tropical ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the differences of Tleaf between lianas and trees is important for future predictions of productivity. Here, we determined the displayed leaf temperature (Td = Tleaf − air temperature) of several species of lianas and their host trees during El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non-ENSO years to evaluate if the presence of lianas affects the Td of their host trees, and if leaves of lianas and their host trees exhibit differences in Td. Our results suggest that close to midday, the presence of lianas does not affect the Td of their host trees; however, lianas tend to have higher values of Td than their hosts across seasons, in both ENSO and non-ENSO years. Although lianas and trees tend to have similar physiological-temperature responses, differences in Td could lead to significant differences in rates of photosynthesis and respiration based on temperature response curves. Future models should thus consider differences in leaf temperature between these two life forms to achieve robust predictions of productivity.


Nevertheless, asbestos though having ample physical and tribo-mechanical properties is being banned worldwide due to its health hazardousness. Most importantly, any material replacing asbestos should have comparable friction properties. This paper aims at comparative study of frictional characteristics of asbestos base and asbestos free brake pad materials. A total of three friction materials namely AF-22 (metallic based), CL-3003 (fine brass based) and DM-6 (asbestos based) were compressed and moulded into a sample. Experiments were performed using dedicated test set-up based on Pin-on-disc principle. Coefficient of friction was compared for three materials at different conditions of sliding velocity and pressure. Experiments were performed using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. Ranking of the parameters have been done based on experimental results and S/N ratio analysis. The elemental composition of materials was measured by EDS technique. Scanning electron micrographs of brake pad samples were tested at different magnifications. Further investigations to evaluate wear rate, stopping distance under simulative test conditions are suggested.


A fully polarimetric (I)SAR image target decomposition process has been developed to aid automatic target recognition (ATR) for disjoint Doppler and frequency bands. In this paper the principle of target decomposition into scattering primitives is first demonstrated for a flat plate and then for a more complex target.


The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of emergency medical technicians` personal traits and job characteristics on job/social stress, job satisfaction, role conflicts, organizational commitment, and self-efficacy. The study population was emergency medical technicians who is working at the hospitals in Yeungnam province. The 200 questionnaires were administered by using ground mail, e-mail, and personal visits and 156 questionnaires were returned(82.5% response rate). Social stress, job satisfaction and role conflicts were significantly determined by personal traits and job characteristic variables. However, job stress, organizational commitment and self-efficacy was only significantly determined by job characteristic variables. In social stress and role conflicts, the subjects with challenge, sociability, acceptance and prudence traits were tend to be significantly higher scores compared to the stability traits. Additionally, among social stress regression models, adding job characteristics to the personal traits model, was increased up to 19% and adding personal traits to the job characteristics model, was increased up to 14%. In conclusion, the study found that personal traits and job characteristics are important variables in explaining social stress, job satisfaction and role conflicts, that would have important managerial implications for recruiting, hiring and managing either new or current emergency medical technicians efficiently.


An ossifying fibroma of the maxillary sinus appeared in a 10-year-old male with painless slow enlargement of the right maxilla. Clinical examinations and routine paranasal sinus X-rays disclosed an expansile mass in the right maxilla. A CT-scan provided the best preoperative information as to the localization of the tumor. At exploration, the tumor was well capsulated, so complete resection was possible. The pathologic diagnosis was ossifying fibroma. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. Scar tissue with foreign body reaction was found, but there was no recurrence of the tumor.


The occurrence trend of cold dew wind in recent 58 years and the index of indica-type hybrid rice in Jianghan plain were analyzed.The resistance of indica-type hybrid rice to low temperature was lower than that of japonica rice,and its index of cold dew wind should be seen as daily average temperature below 22 ℃ in 3 consecutive days or more.The last day that daily average temperature was stably up to 22 ℃ in three consecutive days was September 6,and its guaranteed rate was up to 80 percent.Taking double-cropping hybrid rice safety heading into consideration,suitable sowing of indicatype early hybrid rice should be scheduled from June 15 to 20.The results also showed that in recent decade after the global warming,the last day that daily average temperature was stably up to 22 ℃ in three consecutive days was obviously ahead.Indica-type hybrid rice was hit by cold dew wind weather twice consecutively in Jianghan Plain in September 2011,which was earlier and lasted longer than previous years,stage low temperature became a new record over the same period,so it could not be simply thought that the date of cold dew wind would be postponed due to global warming and the climate variability increased should not be ignored.


In this paper, an analog implementation of a linear classifier is analyzed and its performance is measured on a classification task. Noise analysis is done for the classifier to show how noise varies with various design and usage parameters. A limit of accuracy is obtained from the multiplier for a given energy consumption. The performance of a fabricated chip of the analog classifier in a commercially available 130nm CMOS process is also presented. With four feature input currents and three classes the classifier consumes around 4nW of power. The testing process shows that the classifier is able to perform a basic classification task in the presence of noise.


The buildings are built as the public during ertain life time. But during his
maid, buildings vulnerable to damage caused by several things. The building
material degrad due to corrosion attack on steel reinforcing bars. Any attempted
damage can be detected and treated as early as possible, so as not to cause
greater damage that can trigger and exacerbate damage to the building. The
research was conducted to evaluate of the performance of water cooling structure
PT. Kaltim Parna industries located on the waterfront Tanjung Harapan, East
Kalimantan.
In this research, visual inspection and quality testing concrete in the field
by using a Schmidt hammer and UPV. The evaluation are the performance of the
structure, strength columns, beams and plates refer to SNI-2847-2002, with the
implementation of earthquake loads based on SNI-1726-2002, and propose
improvements and retrofitting necessary structures. SAP2000 is used for
structural analysis necessary to obtain strong value (Ru). Beton2000 is used for
structural analysis of existing conditions in order to get stronger provided (Rn).
The structure components are categorized as safe condition if its design strength
is greater or equal than required strength or (A�.Rn) � Ru. Improvements made to
the structural element coating and injection methods.
Test results obtained materials mean concrete compressive strength (fc')
existing water cooling structure of 27.28 MPa. The results of analysis of the
existing building structure were all components of the building structure are safe,
both for strength and stiffness. Structural performance evaluation results obtained
performance limits and performance limits ultimit intellectually qualified building
SNI-1726-2002. To avoid more severe damage recommended that the structure of
water cooling PT. Kaltim Parna industry needs to repair the closing of the
waterproof coating and epoxy coating by injection in concrete structures suffered
cracks. Cathodic protection is also needed to prevent corrosion of the steel
reinforcement.


This paper presented the analysis of the reliability of generator auxiliary equipments based on state space method, and ana- lyzed the conditions of state combination and calculation methods of equivalent shift ratio. It is pointed out that there is a link between states of the system by studying the feed pump set. Taking 2/3 and 2/4 system as an example to divide state, the method is set out to solve the system reliability. According to the running statistics in several years, the reliability of 2/3 and 2/4 of the feed water system were calculated. Moreover reliability was analyzed by combining economy. The results show that the system reliability can be raised to 1.9‰ by incremental backup. And the same effect can be reached by improving maintenance quality and level of operation.


A broadband ultrashort pulse reflectometry (USPR) diagnostic has been developed for measuring electron density profiles of the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX) device. In USPR, an extremely short pulse or chirped wave form is propagated which contains a broad range of frequency components spanning the desired plasma density profile (or a significant fraction thereof). Upon reflection, each frequency component in the incident waveform reflects from a different spatial location (density layer) in the plasma, thus spreading out the reflected wave packet in time. By simultaneously collecting double-pass time delay data at many distinct frequencies, the time delay data may then be inverted to generate plasma density profiles using a single source and a single set of measurements. On SSPX, wideband mixers are utilized to up- and downconvert 6–18 GHz chirp signals to millimeter-wave frequencies (33–158 GHz) to form a 48 channel O-mode reflectometer system. In this article we describe details of the new USPR system installed on the SSPX device and provide preliminary time-of-flight results.


DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidars) method is being used as one of the most effective method to reduce the interference error from air density and aerosol in ozone measurement. But according to the selection of each wavelength, the optical parameters are much variable, and it sometimes bring the great error of ozone concentration. Especially aerosol optical parameters are strongly affected by the kinds and the concentration in stratosphere and troposphere[1,2].


This paper argues that therapy tends to reproduce a particular version of personhood, identified by Sampson's notion of the self–contained indi–vidual. The self–contained individual is a contemporary Western construction, which requires a denial of the interactive processes that permit its appearance and idealization. Focusing on constructionist therapies, it is argued that therapists use rhetorical strategies to more or less systematically argue for self–containment as a preferred way of being. These rhetorical manoeuvres render different aspects of self–containment plausible, practicable and 'real', while alternative versions of the self and behaviour are discursively minimized, becoming less plausible in the process. An analysis of two family therapy sessions is then used to illustrate these processes. It is suggested that therapy may reproduce Western ideals about being human.


ENY-1001, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by S. McCann, J. D. Ellis, and M. K. O'Malley, details the process of maintaining live insect displays for educational purposes in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2008.
ENY-1001/IN759: Guide to Collecting and Maintaining Live Arthropods for Classroom Display in Florida (ufl.edu)


To my list of catalogue references to Blake's Night Thoughts, which was augmented by G. E. Bentley, Jr. (Wayne C. Ripley, "Printed References to and Known Prices of Blake's Night Thoughts, 1796–1826," Blake 43.2 [fall 2009]: 72-75; G. E. Bentley, Jr., "Sales and collection records, 1798–1840," in "William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Publications and Discoveries in 2010," Blake 45.1 [summer 2011]: 18-19), should be added eight new listings.


Series-parallel networks are often used as models for electric circuits. The authors use series-parallel graphs to represent series-parallel networks. Since, there are many different graph representations for a series-parallel networks, they are interested in studying maximum matching in different graph representations of a single network. The number of edges in a maximum matching of G is called the edge independence number of G ad denoted by beta (G). For a network N, the maximum matching number, beta (N), is defined to be max( beta (G(N))) where G(N) is a graph representation for N. The minimum matching number, beta *(N), is defined to be min( beta (G(N))). The authors present linear time algorithms to compute beta (N) and beta *(N) for any series-parallel network N.<<ETX>>


Research has confirmed the existence of a robust relationship between certain conditions of work (high demand/low control, high effort/low reward) and a variety of adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, and immune system dysfunctions. Recently, these same conditions have been implicated in the defeat of certain capacities, such as adaptability, coping, ability, memory, and creativity. Such conditions appear also to influence the likelihood of making successful recovery from illness or injury and of returning to productive employment. The dynamic processes linking these conditions and outcomes nonetheless remains somewhat unclear. In this article, the role of fairness as a mediator of these connections is explored. In particular, the psychoneuro- immunological significance of promises explicit or implicit in the employment relationship is identified as being crucial to our understanding of how stress affects health and capacities. Practical implications are explored.


Objective:To understand the status of anemia in infants aged 4~12 months,explore the related factors of iron deficiency anemia,and make preventive measures.Methods:663 infants underwent blood routine examination in peripheral blood,hemoglobin test and physical examination,then the results were analyzed statistically.Results:The incidences of anemia in different age groups were related to feeding patterns and supplementary food addition,there was significant difference.Conclusion:Detection of hemoglobin in infants is help to grasp health status of infants,find anemia timely and adopt intervention measures.


Sewankambo, N., Gray R.H., Wawer et al., M.J., "HIV-1 Infection Associated with Abnormal Vaginal Flora Morphol ogy and Bacterial Vaginosis", Lancet,350,546-550, (1997). Taha, T.E., Hoover, D.R., Dallabeta et al., G.A., "Bacterial Vaginosis and Disturbances of Vaginal Flora: ASSociation with Increased Acquisition of HIV", AIDS, 12, 1699–1706, (1998). Cohen, C.R., Duerr, A., Pruithithada et al., N., "Bacterial Vaginosis and HIV Seroprevalence Among Female Com mercial Sex Workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand', AIDS, 9, 1093–1097, (1995). Sobel, J.D., "Vaginitis", New England J. Med., 337, 1896–1903, (1997). Carr, P.L., Felsenstein, D., Friedman, R.H., "Evaluation and Management of Vaginitis", J. Gen. Intern. Med., 13, 335-346, (1998). Schwebke, J.R., "Bacterial Vaginosis-More Questions Than Answers' editorial, Genitourin Med., 73,333-334, (1997). Lee, J.C., (1994), "Cellulose acetate phthalate", Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2nd Ed., Wade, A. and Weller, P.J., pp. 91-93, American Pharmaceutical Association Pub lishers, Washington, D.C. Neurath, A.R., Strick, N., Li, Y-Y, Jiang, S., "Design of a Microbicide for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Dis eases. Using Inactive Pharmaceutical Excipients", Biologi cals, 27, 11–21, (1999). Martin, Jr., H.L., Richardson, B.A., Nyange, P., Lavreys, L., Hiller, S.L., Chohan, B. et al. (1999), "Vaginal Lactobacilli, Microbial Flora, and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisi tion", Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180, 1863-1868. Klebanoff, S.J., Coombs, R.W., "Viricidal Effect of Lacto bacillus Acidophilus on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Possible Role in Heterosexual Transmission", J. Exp. Med., 174, 289–292, (1991). Gyotoku, T., Aurelian, L. and Neurath, A.R., "Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) : An 'Inactive Pharmaceutical Excipient with Antiviral Activity in the Mouse Model of Genital Herpesvirus Infection", Antiviral Chemistry & Che motherapy, 10, 327–332, (1999). Hill, G.B., "The Microbiology of Bacterial Vaginosis", Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 169, 450–454, (1993).


The unauthorised disclosure of organisational information through social media has become an issue. This has resulted in the need for organisations to re-evaluate ways of minimising the risks of information loss and disclosure via social media. The implementation of social media use policies can inform employees' social media behaviours and ultimately lead to the creation of an organisational culture of awareness. Although organisations may have a social media policy in place, the issue of unauthorised disclosure of organisational information has not been given due attention. Hence, a pilot study of content analysis was conducted to explore how organisations address the issues relating to the unauthorised disclosure of organisational information via their social media channels. The findings of this pilot study revealed some emergent themes that are important for addressing the issue of information disclosure by comparing five different sectors. These emergent themes could guide researchers and practitioners in understanding and informing the organisational use of social media technologies.


In order to guarantee the security of data exchanged between two peers in Peer-to-Peer system, this paper comes up with an Identity-based authenticated key agreement from bilinear pairings and uses BAN logic to prove the protocol's security. Compared with other existing protocols, the proposed Identity-based authenticated key protocol seems more secure and efficient.


BACKGROUND
Oral and parenteral drug delivery in horses can be difficult. Equine-specific transdermal drug formulations offer improved ease of treatment; development of such formulations requires a deeper understanding of the structural and chemical tissue barrier of horse skin.

HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To compare the structural composition and barrier properties of equine skin.

ANIMALS
Six warmblood horses (two males, four females) with no skin diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Routine histological and microscopic analyses were carried out with image analysis for skin from six different anatomical locations. In vitro drug permeation was analysed using a standard Franz diffusion cell protocol coupled with reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography detailing flux, lag times and tissue partitioning ratios of two model drug compounds.

RESULTS
Epidermal and dermal thicknesses varied between sites. The dermal and epidermal thicknesses of the croup were 1764 ± 115 μm and 36 ± 3.6 μm, respectively, and were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the inner thigh thicknesses which were 824 ± 35 μm and 49 ± 3.6 μm. Follicular density and size also varied. The highest flux for the model hydrophilic molecule (caffeine) was for the flank (3.22 ± 0.36 μg/cm2 /h), while that for the lipophilic molecule (ibuprofen) was for the inner thigh (0.12 ± 0.02 μg/cm2 /h).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Anatomical location differences in equine skin structure and small molecule permeability were demonstrated. These results can aid in the development of transdermal therapies for horses.


Volume 1: the late Middle Ages the early, high and late Renaissance the Baroque and Rococo styles classicism. Volume 2: Romanticism Realism Impressionism Art Nouveau Modernism contemporary art.


The present invention is directed to the synthesis and stabili Zation of neutral molecules containing homonuclear single or multiple bonds, methods of preparation, and uses thereof. Patent Application Publication Feb. 18, 2010 Sheet 1 of 10 US 2010/0041895 A1


An adaptive method for estimation the traffic characteristics in high-speed corporate multiservice networks based on the methods of preliminary indistinct computer training, functioning in real time mode, is proposed and investigated in this paper. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many processes of network management in high-speed corporate multiservice communication networks need to be implemented in a mode close to real time. The approach proposed in the paper is based on the concept of conditional nonlinear Pareto-optimal filtering V. C. Pugachev. The essence of this approach consists in the fact that estimation of the traffic parameter is performed in two stages - on the first stage the parameter value prediction is estimated, and on the second stage, when the next parameter observations are received, the parameter values are corrected. In the proposed method and algorithm, predictions of traffic parameter values are made in a small sliding window, and adaptation is implemented based on pseudo-gradient procedures whose parameters are adjusted using the Takagi-Sugeno indistinct logic inference method. The proposed method and algorithm belong to the class of adaptive methods and algorithms with prior learning. The average relative error of the estimated traffic parameters estimation does not exceed 8.2%, which is a sufficient value for the implementation of operational network management tasks.


This paper presented a board-level free fall drop (BFFD) to simulate product free fall drop (PFFD). In BFFD, the board structure is very close to the actual cellular phone boards with similar size. The board edges were reinforced by metal frame and screws similar to the cellular phone housing. The drop test was performed to characterize the solder joints of 0.4mm pitch chip scale package (CSP) packages. To charaterize the stress level, the acceleration was measured and the free drop test was performed for more than 140 boards with different CSP structures. The plastic strain of solder joints in different location was calculated using finite element analysis (FEA). It was found that the strain level is both location and component dependent. This strain level will determine the probability of drop test failure in terms of number of drops to failure. The impact of component type, body size and component location was investigated by both experimentally and FEA. Through drop test, the number of drop before failure (MDBF) were recorded and compared across various CSPs. Failure analysis was also performed to confirm the failure modes.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


As a well-known common neurodegenerative disease in aging, Alzheimers disease will cause the loss of the ability to talk, cognization and memorize. Amyloid beta is considered to be a major cause of Alzheimers disease. It will form many different types and accumulate in human brain and cause Alzheimers disease. However, a recent report about the plagiarism of the fundamental paper of this theory makes many people think that our research direction on Alzheimers disease is wrong. The author agrees that the plagiarism of the paper is terrible and should be punished, but the author does not think that this will waste everything we have done about amyloid beta. Amyloid beta is still a major reason that causes Alzheimers disease and find a way to stop the accumulation of amyloid beta in brain is a feasible way to cure Alzheimers disease. Research on the role of amyloid beta in Alzheimers disease, whether it is a major cause is the major purpose of the essay. Whats more a new method that aim to reduce amyloid beta in brain to cure and relief Alzheimers disease will be introduced in this article. This method aims to stop the signal transduction of amyloid beta to neuron cells, thus, stop amyloid beta from damaging our brain and cause Alzheimers disease. The reason this article is written is to confirm the importance of amyloid beta for Alzheimers disease. In addition, introduce a new cure method. Since this method is new, conclude the advantages and disadvantages of this method could inspire other researchers, and improve the performance of the drugs developed based on this method to reach the final goal, which is cure the Alzheimers disease.


In a prospective study from October 2002 to December 2003, we evaluated 102 femoral fractures treated with the new Synthes antegrade femoral nail. It is a titanium femoral nail with a recon locking option, distal dynamisation slot and trochanteric entry point. There were 99 patients (76 males and 23 females), three of whom had bilateral fractures and 42 polytrauma. The mean age was 36 years (13 to 87). The mean Injury Severity Score was 42 (23 to 65). Motor vehicle accidents were the cause of 44 fractures and gunshot injuries the cause of 37. There were 25 transverse fractures (AO 32-A), 37 wedge type fractures (AO 32-B) and 40 complex (AO 32-B) fractures. There were 38 Gustilo type-II and type-III open fractures. Surgery was performed within 24 hours in 80% of the fractures. Nine required open reduction. Unreamed nails were inserted in 38 patients. All fractures united. However, 11 showed angulations greater than 5°. Two patients had shortening of more than 1 cm, one of them requiring reoperation. One patient sustained a iatrogenic fracture, four developed fat embolism syndrome and three had DVT. Three patients had early superficial wound infection and two had late infections with a draining sinus. One locking screw broke. We found this to be a reliable femoral nail with a safe entry point.


The curing reaction for the mixtures of alkyd resins based on ricinoleic
 acid, phthalic anhydride and three polyols (glycerin, trimethylolpropane or
 ethoxylated pentaerythritol) with two different commercial melamine resins
 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing
 kinetics analysis was performed using the isoconversional methods
 (Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Friedman). Isoconversional
 methods were carried out with three heating rates (5, 10 and 20°C/min) in a
 scanning temperature range from 40 to 250°C. It was found that the curing
 activation energy of resin mixtures is influenced by alkyd and melamine resin
 type due to the catalytic effect of hydroxyl group on the reactions. The
 dependence of apparent curing degree on time, which was obtained by
 mathematical transformations of dynamic DSC data using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall
 method, describes well the isothermal DSC experiments.


This invention relates to an infrared telescope comprising means for alignment of its input and output axes. Infrared telescope comprises: - an infrared camera (1) for observing an infrared scene and outputting a video signal representative of the infrared scene, infrared camera (1) with the sighting axis is the input axis (3 ), - a display screen (5) receiving the video signal and to display the corresponding image in the visible frequency spectrum, - a collimator (6) bispectral, visible and infrared collimating at infinity the image displayed on the display screen (5), the collimator (6) whose optical axis is the output shaft (7), - an infrared source (8) positioned in a predefined way relative to the output shaft (7) and arranged so that its radiation is collimated to infinity by the collimator (6), - return means (10) of the radiation from the infrared source (8) output from the collimator (6), into the infrared camera ( 1) means for forming on the display screen (5) of an image of the source infrared (8), - means for measuring the difference between the predetermined position of the infrared source (8) and the image of the infrared source (8) on the display screen (5), - adjusting means the bezel to reduce the offset.


Understanding the relationship between the central government and governors in Russia's diverse regions is essential to comprehending the administration of the Russian Empire as a whole.


The decorated ceramics produced in ancient Athens from the 6th through the 4th centuries BCE, also known as Attic pottery, are considered a benchmark technological achievement of the pre-industrial world. The iconic black-figure vessels (black figures painted on red reserve), and the later, more refined, red-figure vessels (figures left in reserve on a black background), demonstrate a sophisticated control of particle morphology, porosity and firing conditions. Both techniques achieved the production of smooth and glossy black surfaces layers – called black gloss – by alternating the high-temperature kiln between oxidative and reductive environments during firing. Areas painted with a refined slip turned from red (due to the presence of Fe3+ compounds: hematite, -Fe2O3 and maghemite, γ-Fe2O3) to black (Fe2+ iron compounds: magnetite, Fe3O4, hercynite, FeAl2O4) depending on the atmospheric condition of each stage. Although a basic understanding of their production has been developed, details regarding the painting and firing schemes employed are still not completely understood [1] .


Methods: Anesthetized pigs (25–35 kg) were randomized to either of four groups (n=6/group): 15 min (ABO15), 30 min (ABO30) or 60 min (ABO60) of thoracic ABO followed by 3 h of reperfusion, or sham (control). Central haemodynamics, blood flow in the superi-or mesenteric artery (SMA) and arterial blood gases were measured during ABO and reperfusion. Plasma concentrations of markers of end-organ damage and intraperitoneal concentrations of lactate, pyru-vate and glycerol by microdialysis, were analyzed.


The effective action includes all quantum corrections arising in a given quantum field theory. Thus it serves as a powerful generating functional from which quantum-corrected scattering amplitudes can be constructed via tree-level computations. In this work we use this framework for studying gravity-mediated two-to-two scattering processes involving scalars and photons as external particles. We construct a minimal basis of interaction monomials capturing all contributions to these processes. This classification goes beyond the expansions used in effective field theory since it re-tains the most general momentum dependence in the propagators and couplings. In this way, we derive the most general scattering amplitudes compatible with a relativistic quantum field theory. Comparing to tree-level scattering in general relativity, we identify the differential cross sections which are generated by the non-trivial momentum dependence of the interaction vertices.


The aims of this study were to develop a new Genital Appearance Satisfaction (GAS) scale, to use this to describe genital appearance satisfaction in a general population sample, and to explore its relationship to self‐esteem, body satisfaction, and appearance schemas. This was prompted by a clinical need to respond appropriately to women requesting surgery to reduce the size of their labia minora. The questionnaire measures were completed by a general population sample of 135 women (63% response rate). Responses to individual GAS items covered the full range of the rating scale, confirming that there are measurable differences in women's reported satisfaction with all aspects of genital appearance. Principal components factor analysis revealed three factors, 'Appearance of genitals', 'Impact on daily living' and 'Impact on sex'. Total GAS scores were very significantly correlated with appearance schemas (r = .28, p<.01), body satisfaction (r = .30, p<.01) and self‐esteem (r = −.41, p<.01), but multiple regression analysis showed that when all three variables were entered, only self‐esteem significantly predicted Genital Satisfaction (beta = −.38, p = .002). Dissatisfaction may be linked to psychosocial factors such as self‐esteem, and surgery may not appropriately address these concerns.


Hiking is one of the active sport tourism types popular among tourists in Indonesia since many of mountains in Indonesia support this activity. Besides the desire to hike, tourists are also looking for an impressive experience, this perceived experience will then encourage the behavior of tourists in the future. The purpose of this study is to find the dominant factors in shaping the experience of tourists in Papandayan Mountain and Ciremai Mountain. Data were obtained through distributing questionnaires to 400 respondents. Data analysis techniques in this study was Confirmatory Factor Analysis to find the dominant factors in shaping the experience of tourists. Results showed that from seven dimensions, six dimensions can shape the experience of tourists, namely community, hedonism, learning, flow, socialization, and challenge. Keywords—sport tourism; experience; hiking


Two cases of soft tissue tumors of the nasal cavity were reported, a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and a schwannoma. A 61-year-old woman had a 3-year history of right nasal obstruction. Her right nasal cavity was occupied by a large tumor. MRI revealed the tumor had invaded the ethmoid cells. Total resection was achieved through the extended Denker's operation. The tumor was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and CD34 and pathologically diagnosed SFT. This is the fourth reported case of a SFT in the region of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in Japan. SFTs sometimes show aggressive behavior and recurrences, necessitating careful follow-up.A 72-year-old woman had a 5-year history of left nasal obstruction. Her nasal cavity was obstructed by a tumor and MRI revealed that the tumor arose from the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. The tumor was removed endoscopically and pathologically diagnosed as a schwannoma.Soft tissue tumors of the nasal cavity are pathologically classified into 22 categories and their occurrence is rare. It is sufficiently difficult to accurately diagnose these tumors by H-E staining that immunohistochemical study is useful to confirm the histological origins


attempts to paint, with a broad brush. the history of evangelism from Christ until the present. Frankly, I am very much indebted to anyone who puts evangelism into its full historical perspective. There are many volumes written about evangelism during specific time periods. but outside of the monumental work by Paulus Scharff and a more recent work by Milton Rudnick there are few books providing a panoramic view of evangelism from the first century to the present. In the earlier parts of the book Terry takes a truly global view of evangelism. detailing how the gospel spread to the then-known world. However, the further into the book he goes. the more Western his reference becomes as he moves first to Europe and then to evangelists and evangelistic movements that spring almost exclusively from the United States. Moreover, the principal players are American. white males. As one finishes the book. one is forced to ask certain questions: One of the most powerful evangelistic movements in history was the conversion of the Korean people. Why is this not prominently featured in this book? In addition, was there and is there no sizeable evangelistic effort happening in the rest of the Orient. China for instance. where the church now numbers in the millions'? How about Africa where. it is estimated. tens of thousands come to Christ every day, and South America where evangelicalism is gaining an ever-stronger hold? Were there and are there no North American blacks, Hispanics, and Asians engaged in successful evangelism? What about female evangelists. only a few of whom are Phoebe Palmer, Amanda Smith. Amy Semple Mcf'herson, and Uldine Utley? One of the better features of the book as an evangelism text is the "Interpretation and Application" section as well as the study questions at the end of each chapter. However, a glaring weakness is the fact that the book has no index. Thus. as I sought to gain information concerning certain evangelists, I was forced to thumb through the book until I reached the appropriate section. Terry is an impressive scholar and a genial, warm man. I hope that someday his publishers will allow him to "take off the gloves" and pour into a substantive history of evangelism the rich panorama of events that tells the story in a less than "concise" fashion.


An experiment for direct measurement of the atomic mass unit is proposed. A mononuclidic ion flux is collected and accumulated to an amount that can be weighed with high accuracy. Simultaneously, the ion current is measured and integrated. By means of voltage and resistance references based on the Josephson and the quantum Hall effect, the mass is then related to atomic mass by frequency counting over a certain time interval. This experiment may enable a new, physical definition of the kilogram.


Micro manufacturing scale feature production by Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for the direct production of miniaturized polymer components is analysed in this work. The study characterizes the additive manufacturing processes for polymer micro parts productions using the vat photopolymerization method. A specifically designed vat photopolymerization AM machine suitable for precision printing has been developed, built and validated. In order to evaluate the AM machine capability a test part is designed having features with different sizes and aspect ratios. The printing parameters selected for the evaluation are considered as exposure time, light intensity and layer thickness. In order to have an initial optimal range of parameters values, a sensitivity analysis carried out prior to the final experimental plan. The print quality was assessed in terms of separation between the rows and columns of printed cubes, the number of printed features with square cross section and the surface roughness. The results declare the importance of different factors in micro additive manufacturing processes.


Recension av Anna Hedenus, At the end of the rainbow. Post-winning life among Swedish lottery winners (Goteborg Studies in Sociology No 45, University of Gothenburg, Department of Sociology, 2011).


To provide us with some new perspectives on the death drive, David Bell starts his illuminating article with Goethe's tragedy Faust. He is right that for Freud and the modern age as a whole Faust was highly influential. But there is one shortcoming, the clarification of which will help us differentiate our view of the Freudian and Kleinian concepts of the death drive. Most importantly, Mephistopheles is not the incarnation of evil and Faust is not the incarnation of good. It is true that Mephisto introduces himself as the "spirit that denies for ever". But some verses before he also insists that he is "a portion of that power which always works for Evil and always effects the Good" (Faust, vv. 1335–6). In the 'Prologue in Heaven' God says: "Man's diligence is easily exhausted,/ He grows too fond of unremitting peace./ I'm therefore pleased to give him a companion/ Who must goad and prod and be a devil" (Faust, vv. 340–4). Also Faust was intended by Goethe as a mixture of light and dark, of good and evil. Just as Mephisto does not personify only the negative principle, Faust does not incarnate only the positively creative side of humankind. He doesn't only crave for infinite knowledge. While trying to realize his wishes, he destroys his beloved Gretchen and their unborn child. He also kills Gretchen's brother and offers her mother a nightcap that will poison her. In the second part of the tragedy, Faust is responsible for the death of Philemon and Baucis, symbols of traditional humanity. Faust becomes completely blind in the face of destructiveness, but in the end, he is redeemed. In his conversations with Eckermann (1828), Goethe expresses his opinion that it would need a composer like Mozart to express the ugly and destructive sides of Faust (see Holm-Hadulla, 2010). In summary, by his selfreflection and his poetry Goethe shows us that we are made of light and dark, good and evil. On many occasions he draws on the autobiographical aspects of Faust, his 'inner tale', on which he worked for nearly sixty years (see Holm-Hadulla, 2013). Today, perhaps more than ever before, it is important to realize that evil can also be a creative principle. This resounds in today's pop culture. For example, 'Sympathy for the Devil' by the Rolling Stones was inspired by a Nabokov novel that is a 20th century version of Goethe's Faust written after the October Revolution. It seems reasonable to go on working on the dialectics of construction and destruction in conceptualizing the death drive, as Melanie Klein has done. Thereby psychoanalytic creativity can contribute to cope with human destructiveness (see Holm-Hadulla, 2003).


Q-transform of distance distribution of binary equidistant codes and equidistant constant weight codes were studied. By employing the properties of Q-transform, the maximum number of codewords of binary equidistant codes and equidistant constant weight codes were studied and two upper bounds were then obtained. These two bounds are better than previous known results in certain cases.


Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy, an extremely rare heart disease in infants and children, usually occurring in girls under the age of 2 years, is characterized by cardiomegaly, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden death. In the present study, we report a case of a 2-day-old female neonate who suddenly showed cyanosis and cardiac arrest in the neonatal unit and died without resuscitation. Autopsy revealed multifocal nodular lesions in the left ventricle wall and papillary muscles. Microscopically, these lesions were composed of discohesive round or polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and were positive for desmin and negative for CD68. Electron microscopy findings displayed abnormal swollen mitochondria with disorganized cristae, dense granules, and diminished myofibrils in the periphery of the cytoplasm.


The effects of genistein(GNT) treatment with different concentrations on seed germination and growth of pepper were studied in the paper.The results showed that 10-20 mg/L GNT soaking had obvious promotion on seed germination of pepper as well as the growth and yield of pepper.Determination of antioxidant enzymes showed that GNT treatment improved the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX).Thus,GNT regulation on pepper growth is related with the increased tolerance against stress.


Without incurring a large scale and complexity of information management systems, to provide a network node device capable of performing routing. Input line 11-1 to 11-m receives a data packet, and passes the received data packet to routing switching unit 12. Routing switch unit 12 extracts a character code address from the data packet received from the input line 11-1 to 11-m, searches the routing table 14 the character code address as an identifier, the output line 13 to determine the output line from 1~13-n. Routing switch unit 12, at the determined output line, and transmits the received data packet.


Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate the environment of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and the interstellar matter of their host galaxies. Methods. We use to this purpose high resolution spectroscopic observations of the afterglow of GRB050922C, obtained with UVES/VLT∼ 3.5 hours after the GRB event. Results. We found that, as for most high resolution spectra of GRBs, the spectrum of the afterglow of GRB050922C is complex. At least seven components contribute to the main absorption system at z = 2.1992. The detection of lines of neutral elements like MgI and the detection of fine-structure levels of the ions FeII, S iII and CII allows us to separate components in the GRB ISM along the line of sight. Moreover, in addition to the main system, we have analyzed the five intervening systems between z = 2.077 and z = 1.5664 identified along the GRB line of sight. Conclusions. GRB afterglow spectra are very complex, but full of information. This can be used to disentangle the contribution of the different parts of the GRB host galaxy and to study their properties. Our metallicity estimates agree with the scenario of GRBs exploding in low metallicity galaxies


Hydrolyses of maltose, maltotriose, and soluble starch catalyzed by glucoamylase (Asp. Niger) were carried out in the aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and 1,4‐dioxane at 40°C and at the optimum pH in the respective solutions. By the kinetic analysis based on the subsite model, it was shown that the intrinsic rate constant, Kint, was electrostatically affected by the dielectric constant of the hydroorganic solutions. The affinity of the third subsite, A3, which affects the apparent rate constant, K0, was correlated with the ×Gtr's of maltose and amino acid side chains.


^Äëíê~Åí. In this paper, we present some new results on frequency weighted model reduction technique based on partial fraction expansion idea in discrete-time system. The reduced order models of the newly proposed method obtained by direct truncation, produces lower errors when compared to existing techniques. The new method is guaranteed to be stable even for double sided weightings. A simple and easily computable a priori error bound is also derived. Numerical examples with comparisons to the existing techniques show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract: According to Whitehead, symbolic references fulfil an important role not only in human culture and civilization, but also in the process of natural evolution. Contrary to philosophers such as Ernst Cassirer, who think that the process of symbolization is an exclusive characteristic of the human mind and the human being, Whitehead develops his theory of symbolization as part of a natural philosophy. He states his own philosophy of nature as an "introversion of the philosophy" of Kant and as a "critique of pure feeling". Whitehead criticizes Kant's thinking and especially his transcendental idealism, because Kant's theory lacks an explanation of how the subject that is involved in the activity of observing nature develops within the evolutionary process of nature. Whereas Kant simply presupposes the observing subjectivity, Whitehead wishes to explain how the subject emerges as a result of an evolutionary process in a self-creating nature. In this creative process, symbolism is a fundamental aspect. The assumption that there are two modes of "perceptive experience" is a special characteristic of Whiteheads theory of symbolism. Following this assumption, higher organisms not only have experiences in the mode of senseperception but also in the mode of what Whitehead calls "causal efficacy". In the United States, Whiteheads most famous students, Susanne K. Langer and Nelson Goodman continued to develop his theory of symbolism, thus transforming it. In Germany, the philosopher Oswald Schwemmer pointed out the relevance of this theory for the philosophy of culture.


Numerical elastic-plastic simulations have undergone significant expansion during the last decades (e.g. refined fracture mechanics finite element models including ductile tearing). However, one limitation to increase the accuracy of such models is the reliable experimental characterization of true stress-strain curves from conventional uniaxial tensile tests after necking (plastic instability), which complicates the direct assessment of the true stress-strain curves until failure. As a step in this direction, this work presents four key activities: i) first, existing correction methods are presented, including Bridgman, power law, weighted average and others; ii) second, selected metals are tested to experimentally characterize loads and the geometric evolution of necking. High-definition images are used to obtain real-time measurements following a proposed methodology; iii) third, refined non-linear FEM models are developed to reproduce necking and assess stresses as a function of normalized neck geometry; iv) finally, existing correction methods are critically compared to experimental results and FEM predictions in terms of potential and accuracy. The experimental results evaluated using high-definition images presented an excellent geometrical characterization of instability. FEM models were able to describe stress-strain-displacement fields after necking, supporting the exploratory validations and proposals of this work. Classical methodologies could be adapted based on experiments to provide accurate stress-strain curves up to failure with less need for real-time measurements, thus giving further support to the determination of true material properties considering severe plasticity.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Matt Hancock's optimism was running at full throttle as he addressed lawmakers in the UK's House of Commons Sept. 10. Hancock, the government's secretary of state for health and social care , waxed...


Summary Aspermatogenesis was induced in adult guinea pigs (1) by repeated intracutaneous injections of homologous testicular homogenate without adjuvant, and (2) by injection of testicular antigen and complete adjuvant in separate sites on the same side of the nuchal mid-line. With testicular tissue alone, severe germinal lesions were induced after 100 days in animals injected 3 or 6 times weekly with 0.1 or 0.05 ml, respectively. Degree of germinal damage resulting from separate-site injection of uncombined antigen and adjuvant was comparable to that when testis is incorporated into complete paraffin oil adjuvants prior to administration. Results of separate-site injections suggest dependency on a common lymphatic drainage system.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol concentration as
irrigant to shear bond strength of resin cement on root canal dentin after endodontic
treatment using zink oxide eugenol sealer.
Fourty intact premolar with single root canal were cut at coronal part, leaving 13
mm apical. All teeth were instrumented with step back technique and obtutrated with
lateral condensation technique using zink oxide eugenol sealer. All teeth were immerse
in saline and stored in 370C incubator for seven days. Post space preparation were done
sequently using Pesso reamer number one to five, with nine mm working length. All
teeth were randomly devided in four groups of 10 teeth each. The first group using
aquades as post space irrigant, second group using 70% alcohol, third group using 80%
alcohol and fourth group using 96% alcohol. After irrigation, post space were injected
with resin cement and light cure from coronal. All teeth were sliced with diamond disk.
First slice was one mm thick, second, third and fourth slices were two mm thick. The
second, third and fourth slices were tested for shear bond strength with Universal
Testing Machine.
Analysis using one-way ANAVA showed alcohol concentration affected
significantly to shear bond strength of resin cement (p<0,05). LSD analysis showed a
significant difference occurred among all of the treatment groups (p<0.05).
The conclution of this study was alcohol concentration as irrigant influenced resin
cement shear bond strength on root canal dentin after endodontic treatment using zink
oxide eugenol sealer.


A simple experimental method has been developed to determine the shape of repetitive picosecond THz pulses in the presence of a large jitter in the trigger signal. This method, a modification of the recently reported differential optical gating method, is based on the femtosecond electronic gating of a high-frequency sequential oscilloscope. As a test, the shape of THz pulses from the free-electron laser has been measured.


Introduction Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that promotes effector T-cell functions on malignant cells by binding to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Pembrolizumab is well tolerated in most cases with an adverse event profile consisting mainly of pruritus, fatigue, and anorexia. Cardiotoxicity comprises 1% of the total adverse events. Case report We present a case of a 64-year-old female with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed pleuropericarditis following pembrolizumab therapy. Management & outcome The patient was successfully managed with colchicine, furosemide, and timely initiation of methylprednisolone with the improvement of her symptoms. The decision to discontinue pembrolizumab was made, and six months after this intervention, the patient has remained asymptomatic. Discussion Clinicians should recognize these potential immune-mediated adverse effects to provide effective and timely management and optimize patient care.


A method for obtaining shaped articles of cellulose. It consists of extruding a solution containing at least 6% by weight cellulose in dimethylsulfoxide volume, said solution containing formaldehyde in a formaldehyde / cellulose ratio comprised between 0.2 and 2 by weight in a gas atmosphere containing ammonia . The filaments are used in textiles and films or sheets in all applications of these include the package.


Objective:To study the activity and clinical significance of IL-8 in patients with esophageal carcinoma.Method:The peripheral blood IL-8 level of 34 patients with esophageal carcinoma were measured by Enzyme Linked Inuno Sorbenot Assay(ELISA).Result:The level of IL-8 in the peripheral blood was significantly higher than the normal control group ( P 0.01),and was relative to the clinical staging.Conclusion:IL-8 may not only reflect the immune state of the malignant tumors,but also serve as a indicator in the supplementary diagnosis and monitoring the condition of the malignant tumors.


JAMSTEC has been developing two-type autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs): a cruising AUV and a working AUV, since last October. These vehicles will perform carbon dioxide (CO2) observations and hydrothermal plume exploration up to depth of 3,000 meters. The cruising AUV (about 4 m long, 2 tons in weight) is equipped with three major observation devices: a multi-beam echo sounder, side-scan sonar, and a CO2-pH hybrid sensor. The working AUV (about 1.3m long, 0.5 tons in weight) has a stereo-vision camera which takes pictures of sea-floor including plumes, and a CO2 sensor. This AUV can closely approach to or land on sea-floor. It can hover for taking pictures. These AUVs will be linked with a support ship via an acoustic modem newly developed. The vehicles' assembly will be completed in February 2012. In March 2012 the vehicles will make the first dive in the Kita-Bayonnaise Submarine Caldera, Izu-Ogasawara Arc.


PLA nanofibers were successively produced by thermo-responsive transformation of PLA particles in water. The morphological structure of the nanofibers could be optimized by the heat treatment as we ...


Successful communication with hypertensive patients. Arterial hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases worldwide. It is defined by long-standing elevation of blood pressure leading to comorbidities even though clinical symptoms may be missing completely. This fact makes it difficult to motivate patients to start and hold on to a certain treatment. The patient collects and evaluates the information he receives and decides whether he/ she takes the consequences or not by following therapeutic recommendations. Therefore, the way how we communicate with the patient is of major importance and will strongly influence whether the information of the medical doctor will be realized, will be understood, and finally will be accepted. Even if all steps of acceptance of the recommendations will be taken effectively still the matter of adherence over the long-term cannot be guaranteed. Compliance, acceptance and adherence can be achieved if basic rules of communication are met. Shared-decision-making may be appropriate to ensure cooperation in partnership. Besides medical guidelines also systemic psychological interventions may be helpful. This overview presents the basic rules of successful communication, presents a possible practical approach to a patient with hypertension and shows a check list on relevant items in this process to achieve blood pressure values in the recommended target range ideally at long sight. J Hyperton 2018; 22 (2): 29–34.


Today, digitalization is increasingly becoming an object of scientific study and viewed as a kind of challenge to the modern world. This challenge is not so much about new technologies and forms of storing and representing of information, but rather about changes and transformations in consciousness. "Digitalization" has rapidly entered into all spheres of society and has become a specific socio-cultural network context of human development. Reality subjected to simulation places a person in various multi-valued worlds. With the spread of digital technologies, art is changing and many new forms of its creation, replication and perception are appearing. Art is acquiring a "machine" character and the same can refer to music. Art became the object of digitalization in the 1960s. Initially, the role of digital sound was reduced to improving the quality of sound material and expanding the capabilities of the performer, but later composers and listeners found that it was a new opportunity for them to collaborate interactively, create their own music streams, use services that create generative music, etc. At the same time, the influence of digitalization became the subject of discussion in the field of social sciences and humanities. In this connection, the priority topics for discussion were music piracy, creation and application of new technologies for composing and performing music, opportunities for manifestation of subcultures' interests provided by new technologies, etc. The authors analyze changes in music under the influence of digitalization processes, focusing on its formal and meaningful changes. The research problem is caused by incompleteness of knowledge about the social effects of music digitalization. The aim of the study is to describe the formal and meaningful changes in music that arise as a result of the digital revolution. The methodological basis of the research was the provisions of B. Latour's actor-network theory, existential analysis of music and reflections on the musical experience of modern music performers. The approach of the Frankfurt school widely used in research of the music industry seems heuristically weak due to the political engagement of its founders and changes in the nature of political confrontations reflected in music. The main issue of the study is connected with the changes of human interactions, built on the basis of musical material, under the influence music digitalization. The most noticeable effects of digitalization of music, which are closely associated with changes in the media of musical information, are the creation of an illusion of a desacral eternity, the increasing tension between technical capabilities and non-discursive expert knowledge, leading to the elimination of this knowledge in the field of music in favor of natural musical inclinations, narrowing the range of representation of the human in music, highlighting the text, the transition of music as a value to music as an ideological instrument, the expansion of the illusory freedom of a person playing music creatively, reinforcing the negative understanding of freedom and human dependence on technoreality. Thus, these changes in music give rise to rethinking of social interactions created through music, in terms of B. Latour — "reassembly of musical and social", mutually conditioning each other.


In this article a new heterogeneous nanocatalyst based on palladium supported on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been introduced. The synthetic process of the mentioned nanocatalyst, MWCNT-imino-pyridine/Pd, has been described. The characterization of the MWCNT-imino-pyridine/Pd was afforded by SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, ICP, and XRD. The surface structure of the materials was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of MWCNT-imino-pyridine/Pd was tested in Sonogashira and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions affording various derivatives of both aryl alkynes and biaryls. The catalyst can be readily recovered and recycled at least six times without significant loss of catalytic activity.


A retrospective analysis of prescription records in a large managed care population (200,000) concluded that the risk of cardiovascular events was 13% lower among patients taking atorvastatin than for patients on simvastatin (Zocor), Lipitor's off-patent competitor.


Bacterial cellulose/polyaniline (BC/PANI) nanocomposites display many potential applications in various fields. However, the conductivity and mechanical properties remain a challenge. Here, we developed a novel method to prepare BC/PANI nanocomposites via the chemical grafting of PANI onto epoxy modified BC (EBC), followed by the grafting of polyacrylamide (PAM). For comparison, an in situ BC/PANI sample was also prepared. The grafting reaction between PANI and EBC and the retention of PANI on EBC were confirmed by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The cross-section morphology of BC transformed into a three-dimensional and continuous network structure with the incorporation of PANI. The effects of epoxy and PAM contents on the morphology, conductivity, and mechanical properties of PANI-g-EBC and PANI-g-EBC3/PAM nanocomposites were investigated. Compared with those of the in situ BC/PANI sample, the conductivity of PANI-g-EBC increased from 0.12 to 1.08 S/cm, while the stress ...


By using Krasnoselkiis fixed-point theory,Leggett-Williams fixed-point theory and the analytical skill,this paper studies the existence of positive solutions for boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equations.We obtain some sufficient conditions of existence of positive solutions for this class of systems.


Sudden and unexpected death in patients with epilepsy is now well recognized. The autopsies in these cases have no anatomical or toxicological findings, so determination of death is based upon history and scene examination, as well as the autopsy and ancillary investigations. The use of the term SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy) for these cases has developed since the 1980's, largely driven by researchers in epilepsy. There have been various attempts at definitions of SUDEP. This paper reviews the history of SUDEP, its incidence, proposed mechanisms for its occurrence, and whether the use of the term SUDEP in certification of the cause of death is appropriate or whether theses deaths are correctly certified as epilepsy, as epilepsy is the underlying disease that results in death.


Minimum redundancy prefix-free codes are widely used to obtain high performance compression schemes. Given a prefix-free encoding for the symbols of a plain text, we propose a security enhancement by adding a multiple substitution algorithm with a key: the HSPC2 Homophonic Substitution Prefix-free Codes with 2 homophones. Breaking the key when we are given a ciphertext, the dictionary, frequencies and codeword lengths, is a NP-Complete problem. In order to introduce security, some compression loss is generated. The compression loss is analysed and the data expansion per character is asymptotically smaller than 5% under usual parsing and coding assumptions. We also present some analytical results on the security impact of adding simple strategies to protect prefix-free encoded data.


Objective To assay the primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients serum with the prokaryotic expression products of E2 subunit and E3 binding protein of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Methods The recombined expression plasmids pExSecI/PDC-E2 and pET28/ E3BP were expressed under the reasonable condition. The expression products were used to assay the serum of primary biliary cirrhosis patients ,healthy people and other hepatopathy patients. The results were compared with that of test kit of Euroimmune company. Result The PDC-E2 and PDC-E3 binding protein were effectively expressed, which could exactly identify the specific self-antibody in PBC patient serum. Conclusion The high effectively expressing products of PDC-E2 and E3BP were obtained and the assay of self-antibody in PBC patient serum with the prokaryotic expressing protein of PDC-E2 and PDC-E3bp was established.


The lower Oued Noun valley, in the arid region of the Atlantic SW Anti-Atlas, contains an extensive Soltanian (= Upper Pleistocene pro-parte) terrace. The paper presents dates for these deposits and an interpretation of their fluvial dynamic and morpho-climatic geneses in this distal part of the valley.The Soltanian terrace, about 30 m thick at Fort Oued Noun, consists of 3 units: a basal deposit of coarse gravel buried by slope deposits and travertine (Unit 1); a main unit, more than 20 m thick (Unit 2) that consists of at least 7 repeated sequences each comprising basal fine gravels and sands, associated with detrital travertine, overlain by stromatolithic tufa and finally by a thick accumulation of sandy silts. These silts were deposited by suspension and decantation in shallow non-turbulent water bodies. The gravels, sands and travertines are more prominent at the bottom and in the upper parts of Unit 2 whilst silts dominate the mid members. Middle Paleolithic artefacts and bones of large mammals are found throughout this Unit.Unit 3, at the top of the formation, comprises red silts that differ from those of Unit 2, containing more aeolian grains and more palygorskyte and being spatially associated with adjacent tributaries fans.Radiometric dates were obtained on travertine (U/Th), on quartz grains extracted from sediments (OSL) and on Melanopsis and Charcoal (14C). U/Th results show three travertine constructions at ca 90, 55-50 and 25-20 ka B.P. The 90 ka dates, however, are not in correct stratigraphic position. The OSL dates suggest that the period of silt aggradation of Unit 2 occured between ca. 50 and 25 ka B.P., the main part of them being deposited between 40 and 30 ka B.P. 14C dates from the upper part of Unit 2 and the base of Unit 3, range between ca 28 and 18 ka B.P. These dates, together with geomorphological and sedimentological analyses, indicate that the valley floor had been lowered to its present depth before ca. 90 ka B.P. However, the slope deposits, older travertines and the basal gravel (Unit 1), classic fluvial and colluvial deposits, are not yet securely dated but they possibly correspond with wetter episodes in O.I.S. stages 5b, 5a and 4, or even later. The silts that form the bulk of Unit 2 were deposited into shallow swamps during biostasic episodes of O.I.S. 3 and were associated with high groundwater levels. Then, large mammals found grass and water along the valley and were hunted by Middle Paleolithic people. The water table remained high after 30 ka B.P. and the gravel-bed channels of the local tributaries were active during the 30-20 ka B.P. period. After ca. 20 ka, sediments suggest more varied conditions in this part of the valley, vegetation disappeared and soils were reworked into local colluvial fans, with concomitant aeolian deposits (Unit 3, O.I.S. 2). Finally, deep linear incision occured dissecting the Soltanian aggraded valley floor during the early Holocene.


Objective To investigate the expression of Fibulin-1 in anterior vaginal tissue and its relation to female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods Tissue samples of anterior vaginal wall were taken from 25 women with SUI and uterine tissue samples were taken from 27 patients of non- ovarian tumors and cervical lesions as control group.The expression of Fibulin-1 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting respectively.Results The expression of Fibulin-1 mRNA 1(△Ct)in premenopausal SUI patients was 0.373 2±0.158 2,which was lower than that of control premenopausal patients(0.157 5±0.154 2, P0.001);the A Ct value in SUI group was 0.456 5±0.220 6,which also lower than that of control group(0.246 8±0.501 7,P0.001).There was no significant difference in protein and mRNA expression between postmenopausal SUI patients and control group(P0.05).Conclusion The degeneration of the pelvic floor support structure in SUI patients might be associated with the downregulation of Fibulin-1.


Logistics courses to introduce legislation teaching clinic was mainly for students to acquire a certain amount of logistics in the law and legislative knowledge to the theories of knowledge into the premise of the legislation to set up special clinics to start learning.Legislative clinic teaching of thinking through legislation and legislative skills as the main content.Clinical teaching will help students-lawyer way of thinking and practical ability to deal with.


Abstract A coaxial cylinder viscometer suitable for use with long-chain polymers and technical rubberlike materials is described. Special features of the apparatus are the use of thin films to reduce heating, the ease of obtaining end corrections, and the use of high pressures to eliminate slip and facilitate filling the shearing gap. Results with uncompounded rubber show that the shear stress converges to a value of approximately 2.5 dynes per sq. cm. at shear rates in the region of 100, and that this value is independent of temperature (90° to 150° C) and of the chain length of the polymer. Certain polymers do not show this convergence.


The daily fields from three reanalysis datasets are utilized to explore the subseasonal influence of teleconnection patterns on the surface air temperature (SAT) over southern China. Due to the similarity of the results from the different datasets, the ensemble mean is then used in this study. After applying the false discovery rate to the significance test, the composite results reveal that positive Western Pacific (WP) events, East Atlantic (EA) events, Scandinavian (SCA) events, and Eastern Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) events are the teleconnection events that have an influence on SAT anomalies over southern China. The timing of inducing significant SAT anomalies over southern China is similar among positive WPevents, EA events and EAWR events, i.e., approximately the first 5-day period after their peak day. In contrast, SCA events exert a lagged significant influence on SAT, i.e., during approximately the second 6-day period after their peak day. Therefore, considering that significant circulation anomalies generally begin to appear at least 4 days before the peak day, these teleconnection events could be used as subseasonal predictors for SAT anomalies over southern China.


This article speculates about the theory and practice of visual culture by examining the potent linkages between the figure of the cave and the making of images. Because the cave functions as a signifier for the artistic imperative, an endorsement of art history's place in cultural representation and also as a mythic beginning point in the Western hegemony of the visual, its figuration carries within it a set of suppositions on which the visual depends but which are rendered subservient or effaced in the genealogy of visualization. We focus in particular on the creation of Alexander Pope's grotto and on a comparison between Robert Smithson's and Ana Mendieta's evocations of the cave.


ABSTRACT This paper considers a retail platform selling a product to consumers and voluntarily discloses product quality information by using blockchain technology (BCT). Consumers decide whether to deliberate before making purchase decisions. We develop an analytical model to explore the effects of information disclosure strategies on the retail platform's pricing and consumers' deliberation decisions. Some interesting results are obtained. First, regardless of the information disclosure strategy, consumers' deliberation and purchasing decisions depend on the deliberation cost and product price. Consumers will only deliberate if the price is at the medium level and the deliberation cost is not too high. Second, when the disclosure cost is high, the retail platform either stimulates or prevents consumer deliberation; however, when the disclosure cost is at a medium interval, the retail platform's pricing decision depends on its information disclosure strategy. Specifically, when disclosing quality information, the retail platform will implement the stimulated deliberation (SD) or prevented deliberation (PD) strategy and will never adopt the sold at a low price (SL) strategy; however, when quality information is withheld, the retail platform will only adopt the PD strategy. Third, we identify the conditions under which the retail platform should disclose quality information when facing different disclosure costs.


In this introduction I outline a logical continuity in Hayek's research program from technical economics to his political economy and social philosophy. By taking the starting point of economics as the question of the coordination of plans, Hayek's emphasis as an economist on how economic actors must utilize their knowledge of time and place in making decisions, and how the market system is able to achieve such a high degree of order in the absence of command, leads Hayek as a political economist to emphasize generality in the law and politics and the requisite constraints on discretion, for it is only against this backdrop that agents are able to exploit their local knowledge for the mutual reinforcement and coordination of plans.


Secure data transmission is preceded by use of steganography which enhances the media in such a way so that it cannot be decrypted unethically or viewed by a third party. At present, media such as images are mainly used to hide data while transmission is taking place. In this paper, we have used this method of encryption in a modified manner, where the main focus is to encrypt image data with higher PSNR value, because the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and payload value determines the effectiveness, security and difficulty level of decryption. The Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) tells the similarity value that shows the need of filtration and noise removal. Initially the number of pixels in a cover photo is decreased which is done by dividing the pixels based on the quantization record. To increase the efficiency of the procedure we used the quantization value as the key value which is unique for encryption and decryption. Pixel intensity and positional values of the pixels which is defined by the respective graphical coordinate values is used to generate the quantization key. After recognizing the position and positional ranges of each pixel the coordinates are divided in 16 sub parts and based on that their quantization values are implemented from proposed quantization table. In this methodology, the cipher data cannot be decrypted without knowing the encryption algorithm and key value for encryption of original data.


One Basis concepts.- 1. Sets and functions.- 2. Real and complex numbers.- 3. Sequences of real and complex numbers.- 4. Series.- 5. Metric spaces.- 6. Compact sets.- 7. Vector spaces.- Two Continuous functions.- 1. Continuity, uniform continuity, and compactness.- 2. Integration of complex-valued functions.- 3. Differentiation of complex-valued functions.- 4. Sequences and series of functions.- 5. Differential equations and the exponential function.- 6. Trigonometric functions and the logarithm.- 7. Functions of two variables.- 8. Some infinitely differentiable functions.- Three Periodic functions and periodic distributions.- 1. Continuous periodic functions.- 2. Smooth periodic functions.- 3. Translation, convolution, and approximation.- 4. The Weierstrass approximation theorems.- 5. Periodic distributions.- 6. Determining the periodic distributions.- 7. Convolution of distributions.- 8. Summary of operations on periodic distributions.- Four Hilbert spaces and Fourier series.- 1. An inner product in ?, and the space ?2.- 2. Hilbert space.- 3. Hilbert spaces of sequences.- 4. Orthonormal bases.- 5. Orthogonal expansions.- 6. Fourier series.- Five Applications of Fourier series.- 1. Fourier series of smooth periodic functions and periodic distributions.- 2. Fourier series, convolutions, and approximation.- 3. The heat equation: distribution solutions.- 4. The heat equation: classical solutions derivation.- 5. The wave equation.- 6. Laplace's equation and the Dirichlet problem.- Six Complex analysis.- 1. Complex differentiation.- 2. Complex integration.- 3. The Cauchy integral formula.- 4. The local behavior of a holomorphic function.- 5. Isolated singularities.- 6. Rational functions Laurent expansions residues.- 7. Holomorphic functions in the unit disc.- Seven The Laplace transform.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The space ?.- 3. The space ??.- 4. Characterization of distributions of type ??.- 5. Laplace transforms of functions.- 6. Laplace transforms of distributions.- 7. Differential equations.- Notes and bibliography.- Notation index.


This exegesis questions and explores the types of identities that are emerging as a result of human engagement with contemporary communications and media technology. These identities are communicated, shaped and defined by the way we appropriate and engag


This paper discusses network culture's influence on college students' and analysis network culture's influence on college students' ideological and political work .It also puts forward some corresponding countermeasures of college students' ideological and political work.


In a fast, convenient voice dialing apparatus and method, users efficiently and conveniently apply a telephone number digit recognition engine to number dialing. By voicing only a subset of a telephone number among telephone numbers pre-registered in a telephone number directory, the success rate of number dialing and convenience of users increases. The voice dialing apparatus includes a fast voice dial mode setting unit, a contracted number database, a contracted number detection unit, and a telephone number connection unit. Since a user only needs to voice a subset of a telephone number stored in a telephone number directory, long telephone numbers are dialed with better recognition performance at an improved speed. Since telephone numbers that users try to call are pre-stored in a telephone number directory, the number of combinable numbers equals the number of lists registered in the telephone number directory, and recognition speed and performance are improved.


Wave energy converters generally suffer from a low operating power factor due to the nature of the long wavelength water wave and the inductance of the electrical generator employed in the conversion process. A Forced Commutated Series Capacitor (FCSC) converter can be connected between the generator and the load circuit to prevent power factor degradation. This paper describes the effectiveness of a new FCSC control strategy developed for operation at low and variable frequencies corresponding to the nature of the water waves. Simulation results show that the proposed symmetrical duty cycle control strategy is capable of maintaining almost unity power factor over the required frequency range.