The present paper presents work on developing and flight testing a Mars prototype aircraft using inflatable-rigidizable wings under the NASA Workforce Development program. Undergraduate student teams have developed a test vehicle to determine the feasibility of using inflatable-rigidizable wings in extra-terrestrial missions. The wings are constructed of an outer composite layer impregnated with a UV curable resin and an inner inflatable bladder. The wings are stowed in the fuselage, deploy when inflated, and rigidize with exposure to UV radiation; pressurization is not required after rigidization. Vehicle, wing and avionics designs are discussed and results from low and high altitude test flights are presented. The project culminated in a successful high altitude flight test with deployment and rigidization of the wing under Mars like conditions.


The radiolysis of aqueous solutions containing 2-propanol and nitrous oxide was examined in the temperature range 513 to 583/sup 0/K. The yields of nitrogen and acetone at 573/sup 0/K were G(N/sub 2/) = G(acetone) = 1100. The high yields are explained by a radiation induced chain process. The proposed mechanism involves the transfer of an oxygen atom from N/sub 2/O to a .C(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/OH radical producing .OC(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/OH. The supporting evidence for the mechanism is a linear dependence of G(N/sub 2/) and G((CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/CO) on the square root of both the N/sub 2/O and the 2-propanol concentrations, a linear dependence of the G values on D/sup -/sup 1///sub 2// for large dose rates, and the same Arrhenius parameters for both G(N/sub 2/) and G((CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/CO).


Biodiesel production by using sludge palm oil (SPO) as raw material is generally synthesized in two step reactions, namely esterification and transesterification, because the free fatty acid (FFA) content of SPO is relatively high. However, the presence of choline chloride (ChCl), glycerol based deep eutectic solvent (DES), in transesterification may produce biodiesel from SPO in just one step. In this study, DES was produced by the mixture of ChCl and glycerol at molar ratio of 1:2 at a temperature of 80°C and stirring speed of 400 rpm for 1 hour. DES was characterized by its density and viscosity. The transesterification process was performed at reaction temperature of 70 °C, ethanol to oil molar with ratio of 9:1, sodium hydroxide as catalyst concentration of 1 % wt, DES as cosolvent with concentration of 0 to 5 % wt, stirring speed of 400 rpm, and one hour reaction time. The obtained biodiesel was then assessed with density, viscosity, and ester content as the parameters. FFA content of SPO as the raw material was 7.5290 %. In this case, DES as cosolvent in one step transesterification process of low feedstock could reduce the side reaction (saponification), decrease the time reaction, decrease the surface tension between ethanol and oil, and increase the mass transfer that simultaneously simplified the purification process and obtained the highest yield. The esters properties met the international standards of ASTM D 6751, with the highest yield obtained was 83.19% with 99.55% of ester content and the ratio of ethanol:oil of 9:1, concentration of DES of 4%, catalyst amount of 1%, temperature of reaction at 70°C and stirring speed of 400 rpm.Biodiesel production by using sludge palm oil (SPO) as raw material is generally synthesized in two step reactions, namely esterification and transesterification, because the free fatty acid (FFA) content of SPO is relatively high. However, the presence of choline chloride (ChCl), glycerol based deep eutectic solvent (DES), in transesterification may produce biodiesel from SPO in just one step. In this study, DES was produced by the mixture of ChCl and glycerol at molar ratio of 1:2 at a temperature of 80°C and stirring speed of 400 rpm for 1 hour. DES was characterized by its density and viscosity. The transesterification process was performed at reaction temperature of 70 °C, ethanol to oil molar with ratio of 9:1, sodium hydroxide as catalyst concentration of 1 % wt, DES as cosolvent with concentration of 0 to 5 % wt, stirring speed of 400 rpm, and one hour reaction time. The obtained biodiesel was then assessed with density, viscosity, and ester content as the parameters. FFA content of SPO as the raw...


We estimated the weighted mean basic reproduction number (R0) of chikungunya virus based on outbreak size. R0 was 3.4 (95% CI 2.4–4.2) and varied for 2 primary chikungunya mosquito vectors: 4.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.6) for Aedes aegypti and 2.8 (95% CI 1.8–3.8) for Ae. albopictus.


It is well known that with the development of economic globalization and increasing competition in the market, enterprises are facing a huge challenge in the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with setup time (UPMST). Determining the processing order of all jobs and assigning machines to production scheduling has become more complex and has research implications. Moreover, a reasonable production scheduling scheme can not only complete the production plan efficiently but also contribute to reducing carbon emissions. In this paper, a mathematical model with the goal of the shortest completion time is studied for the UPMST problem. An improved line-up competition algorithm (ILCA) is proposed to solve this model, and the search accuracy and rate of the algorithm are improved by the newly proposed heuristic workpiece allocation rules and variation strategies. From the perspective of evaluation purposes, the effectiveness and stability of the method are significantly superior to other methods, and it is competitive in solving the UPMST problem.


Nowhere other than in war are people's social lives more insistently determined by their relationship to the objects which represent them, and through which they come to know and define themselves....


A systematic presentation of the aggregate and disaggregate prescriptions for model construction is compared with distinction between assumptions with sequential and simultaneous choice making behaviour. A number of the better known models are categorised in this way, and the development of binary choice logit models in assessing individual utility in travel behaviour is given.


We propose a new concept design about carbon-free vacuum cleaner. The carbon-free vacuum cleaner moves under the act of external forces instead of the motor, and transmits the rotation speed from low to the ideal speed with the gear up box. In order to to verify the reasonableness of the gear up mechanism and weather the designing of the gears meet the demand, we construct the detail assemble model of the gear up mechanism based on pro/e software, and then analyze the gear with the finite element analysis method.


This paper describes the specific development of a high-data-rate 57-64-GHz point-to-multipoint wireless local-area network communication system and the worldwide first installation of such a system into an aircraft cabin mock-up. All of the system components, from the RF-chip-set, the low-temperature cofired ceramic integrated antennas, and RF modules to the baseband processor, the medium access control, and the application software were purpose-designed for a wireless backbone for in-cabin communication. The integration aspects of these system components into a passenger aircraft cabin mock-up (ceiling and passenger seat-integration) as well as successful system performance tests were carried out and are reported here.


The use of wide band gap MOSFETs in modern power electronics for traction drives causes challenges for the insulation system. Due to the fast switching operation of the semi-conductors transient voltage overshoot effects in the winding system of an electrical motor occur. In combination with an increased voltage level this overshoot leads to higher electrical stress within the insulation system. Based on the requirements for conventional winding insulation systems, the emerging electrical field can generate partial discharges (PD). This contribution discusses the necessity of a high frequency (HF) model for the electrical motor coupled to power electronics. A hybrid coupled approach of analytical and numerical simulations determines the parameters of this HFmodel to predict the transient voltage with respect to the travelling time and location. An approach will be discussed in which the locally simulated voltage distribution and the occurrence of PD is predicted by means of 2D Finite Element simulations of the electric field. To proof the reliability to accurately predict PD for a stator with hairpin winding, experimental measurement of the transient voltage distribution of the winding as well as the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) are performed. The validation shows that the deviation between simulation and experiment is 10% for PDIV and 18% for the Repetitive Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (RPDIV).


Glutamate-1-sernialdehyde aminotransferase (GSAT) is a key enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis and is a logical point to control chlorophyll loss during development in fruits. The objective of this research was to measure the activity of GSAT throughout development and ripening of the tomato fruit and compare this activity to chlorophyll concentration in fruits at the same time intervals. GSAT activity was also characterized in immature tomato fruits, and its activity was measured in tomato organs. An optimum pH of7.0, a maximum velocity (V maJ of 2.3 nmol/g of tissue, and a Km of 119 IJ.M were found for GSAT from fruits 15 days postanthesis. Activity was greatest in leaves of 4-week-old seedlings at 3.84 nmol/g tissue, 1.67 nmol/g tissue in fruits 15 days postanthesis, and low activity was measured in roots, stems, and overripe fruits. Throughout tomato fruit development, GSAT activity was greatest at day 10 postanthesis and declined to day 25. The activity rose to day 40 and then decreased again during ripening to 60 days postanthesis. Chlorophyll concentration in tomato fruit declined throughout development and ripening with the greatest decrease between days 10 and 25 postanthesis. Our results indicate that GSAT activity is a possible control point for chlorophyll concentration in early tomato fruit development, but it shows no sign of controlling chlorophyll content in the fruit after day 25 postanthesis.


According to China's relevant laws and regulations,logistics arbitration rules for the formulation of the basic principles,the framework and other issues were discussed.The basic principles of abiding by the laws and regulations should be reflected in the principles of logistics arbitration rules,and fully embodies the principle of party autonomy,fair,reasonable,an independent arbitrator,simplicity,efficiency,and a final appeal and arbi- tration combination,combining the principles of arbitration and conciliation.Arbitration Rules of the framework should include logistics arbitration general,Logistics arbitration rules of arbitration procedures and logistics sup- plement and other related content.


The direct modulation of semiconductor lasers has many applications in data transmission. However, due to the frequency response it has been challenging to use directly modulated lasers for high speed digital transmission at bit-rates above 10 Gbps. With this in mind, designing a laser with a large modulation bandwidth to be used in high data-rate optical links is very important. Transistor lasers (TLs) are a potential candidate for this purpose. Based on these motivations, the main focus of this PhD research is on understanding the physics of the TL and predicting its performance. A detailed model that correctly incorporates the transistor effects on laser dynamics did not exist. The previous models do not differentiate between the bulk carriers and the quantum well (QW) carriers in the rate equations, do not include the effects of the capture and escape lifetimes in the QW, and significantly overestimate the bandwidth. To account for these phenomena, a model has been developed to study the dynamics of the TL. The model is based on the continuity equation in the separate confinement hetero-structure region of the conventional laser and the base region of the TL. It uses the quantum mechanical escape and capture of carriers in the quantum well region and the laser rate equations to


This article explores the temporal dimension of the attention economy through Bernard Stiegler's notion of cinematic time. The attention economy is a concept forged within the field of political economy to explain the growing value of attention in an information-rich world. This implies a growing discrepancy between the finite nature of human time required to pay attention to and process the available information, and the inhuman speed at which that information flows and accumulates. The problem with this definition of the temporality of the attention economy is that it naturalizes a given notion of human time that is then used to evaluate the negative effects of information technologies. In this sense, human time is proposed as a concept devoid of any kind of historical transformation. Contrary to this definition of the temporality of the attention economy, this article uses Bernard Stiegler's concept of cinematic time to examine how human time and cyber-time mutually constitute each other.


Electronic scanning is widely used in radar systems. Fifth generation (5G) communication systems are highly relying on the same principle. Different beamforming techniques, such as digital, analog and hybrid, are studied and compared in theory by many authors during the search of optimal architecture in sense of energy and spectral efficiency. Several integrated solutions have been designed and published by university researches and commercial companies. In this paper some of the recent publications about beamforming techniques and integrated circuits for sub-6 GHz and sub-30 GHz are discussed and compared.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease and characterized by elevated glucose, factors that contribute T2D are the body's resistance to insulin and falling production insulin by the beta cells (β-cells) of the pancreas. Objectives: This study is planned to assess the nitrotyrosine (3-NT), lipid profile and UA in diabetes mellitus patients according age groups (35-75), Sex and smoking. Materials and Methods: It was conducted on (42) patients T2D subjects and 25controls .They were divided into 3 groups according to age groups (35-75 years), sex (male and female) and smoking (smokers and non-smokers). Blood was withdrawn for estimation of serum Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and VLDL) test , FBS, UA and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) concentrations . The parameters were determined by using spectrophotometer by liquid chemistry and Estimate 3-nitrotyrosine by Human 3-NT ELISA Kit. Results: The results showed a physiological effect diabetic (T2D) on Uric acid, lipid profile and NT levels and results were also compared with the control group and groups with each other .Where a high significant increase was observed for the four age groups but except HDL . In addition, the results showed no significant difference between the sexes (Males-Females) for Parameters .While there was a high significant increase for both sexes for the Parameters compared with the control group except HDL also. It showed a significant increase of NT and Biochemical Parameters of smoking patients compared with the blood serum of non-smoking patients. Conclusions: In this study NT was undetected in healthy subjects but found an increase in the level NT and Some Biochemical Parameters in the blood of T2D patients. 3-NT can be considered as an indicator for the detection of diabetes because it is a product of oxidative stress. These indicators increased with patients who smoke.


Prospective cohort and genome-wide association studies have found consistent associations between longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and increased lung cancer risk. These findings present a paradox in the traditional expectations of telomere dynamics in cancer development, as longer telomeres are generally considered to be reflective of less advanced age and greater genomic stability. We posited that longer LTL may reflect or lead to delayed cellular senescence allowing cells to accumulate genomic abnormalities that drive lung carcinogenesis. Furthermore, increased copy number of Alu retroelements, repetitive mobile DNA sequences that are approximately 300 base pairs in length, could also reflect genomic instability. We previously found that exposure to diesel exhaust, a known lung carcinogen, was associated with increased Alu copy number and suspect that increased Alu retrotransposition could influence lung carcinogenesis. However, the interrelationship between Alu retroelements, LTL, and lung cancer is unknown. Therefore, we investigated associations between Alu copy number, LTL, and lung cancer risk in the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
 We conducted a nested case-control study of 410 confirmed incident lung cancer cases and 416 controls individually matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, and blood draw date. Quantitative PCR was used to measure Alu copy number and telomere length relative to albumin (Alb) copy number (Alu/Alb and T/S ratio, respectively) in pre-diagnostic leukocytes. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between quartiles (Q) of Alu/Alb ratio (reference=Q1) and lung cancer risk, adjusted for matching factors, smoking status and packyears, and LTL. Additionally, we dichotomized Alu/Alb ratio and LTL at their medians and created a cross-combination variable to assess combined effects.
 We found a positive dose-response relationship between Alu/Alb ratio and lung cancer risk (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI): Q2: 1.34 (0.73, 2.48); Q3:1.89 (0.94, 3.84); Q4: 2.66 (1.03, 5.63); p-trendordinal=0.02). The association was apparent for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (Q2: 1.32 (0.46, 3.77); Q3: 2.88 (0.90, 9.25); Q4: 5.07 (1.29, 19.87); p-trendordinal=0.02). We have previously reported that longer measured LTL was also associated with an increased risk of LUAD (Q4: 2.82 (1.16-6.85); p-trend=0.011). The combined effect of both a higher Alu/Alb ratio and longer LTL was 6.07 (1.75, 21.04; p=4.5x10-3) for LUAD compared with lower/shorter levels of both.
 Higher Alu copy number and longer LTL were associated with increased risk of lung cancer, especially LUAD. Our findings require replication. If confirmed, evaluation of Alu copy number and LTL in risk stratification and prediction analyses is warranted.
 Citation Format: Jason Yat-Yang Wong, Richard Cawthon, Wei Hu, Somayina Ezennia, Shahinaz Gadalla, Charles Breeze, Batel Blechter, Neal Freedman, Wen-Yi Huang, H. Dean Hosgood, Wei Jie Seow, Bryan Bassig, Mohammad Rahman, Richard Hayes, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan. Alu retroelement copy number, leukocyte telomere length, and lung cancer risk in the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2251.


Perturbative expansions in four-dimensional non-Abelian gauge theories such as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) are expected to be divergent, at best asymptotic. One reason is that it is impossible to strictly exclude from the relevant Feynman diagrams those energy regions in which a perturbative treatment is inapplicable. The divergent nature of the series is then signaled by a rapid (factorial) growth of the perturbative expansion coefficients, commonly referred to as a renormalon. In QCD, the most severe divergences occur in the infrared (IR) limit and therefore they are classified as IR renormalons. Their appearance can be understood within the well-accepted Operator Product Expansion (OPE) framework. According to the OPE, the perturbative calculation of a physical observable must be amended by non-perturbative power corrections that come in the form of condensates, universal characteristics of the rich QCD vacuum structure. Adding up perturbative and non-perturbative contributions, the ambiguity due to the renormalon cancels and the physical observable is well-defined. Although the field has made considerable progress in the last twenty years, a proof of renormalon existence is still pending. It has only been tested assuming strong simplifications or in toy models.

The aim of this thesis is to provide the first numerical evidence for renormalon existence in the gauge sector of QCD. We use Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory (NSPT) to directly obtain perturbative coefficients within lattice regularization, a means to replace continuum spacetime by a four-dimensional hypercubic lattice. A peculiar feature of NSPT are comparatively low simulation costs when reaching high expansion orders. We examine two distinct observables: the static self-energy of an isolated quark and the elementary plaquette.

Following the OPE classification, the static quark self-energy is ideally suited for a renormalon study. Taking into account peculiarities of the lattice approach such as finite-size effects, we observe a renormalon in the series of perturbative coefficients. Moreover, our findings are in excellent agreement with theoretical expectations for a leading IR renormalon, they pass several consistency checks and deducible quantities such as the normalization of the perturbative series comply with previous determinations.

Making use of the experience gained, we turn to the elementary plaquette and repeat the renormalon analysis. Although the associated renormalon ambiguity is very weak in comparison and hence difficult to detect, this observable is nonetheless interesting: it gives access to the gluon condensate, alternative to the usual phenomenological determinations. Finally we provide a lattice estimate for the gluon condensate.


FIELD: identification devices. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of determining location in network communication systems. Method includes steps of: determining whether target computing device is used mainly locally, whether target computer is a multi-user device, whether user of interest is main user of target computing device, retrieving information on physical location for user of interest, determining confidence based on one or more of ratio of remote use, peak use to use for local users of target computing device and input of user of interest; outputting data on physical location. EFFECT: faster location of network communication systems. 15 cl, 7 dwg


High-authority piezoelectric actuator (HAPA) is a term used to describe high-performance piezoelectric actuators of relatively large displacement (≥50 μm) and high blocking force (≥100 N), but compact in size. One such piezoelectric actuator is described in this paper, which is made possible by means of high-bending-stiffness connector (HBSC) that connects multiple commercial piezoceramic stacks into a stable 2- (or multi-) level actuation configuration. Key design requirements for the HBSC are described. Computer simulation results and experimental verification are presented. A HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator was fabricated from such a HBSC, in which there are two commercial PZT stacks projecting upwards in the upper level and two projecting downwards in the lower lever, all of 5 × 5 mm2 in cross-section and 40 mm in length. The HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator prototype displays about twice the overall stroke and blocking force of individual stacks, being about 90 μm and >1600 N, respectively. This compares favorably with lever-arm, flextensional, and telescopic actuators, of which the blocking force is adversely affected. Using a similar concept, HBSCs and HAPAs of other designs are presented. In addition to being stand-alone actuators, the HAPAs can be used as the active material to drive existing displacement amplification schemes to produce piezoelectric actuators of exceptional performance characteristics.


Obstetric deliveries account for about 4 million hospital admissions per year in the U.S. This report indicates that the length of stay after obstetric deliveries declined between 1970 and 1992, largely because of cost containment efforts. Data from …


Studies on ethnic interest groups are contributing to better understand the US foreign policy. By reviewing this literature, we noticed that establishing causal claims in this field has proved challenging due to methodological issues. Many authors draw conclusions focusing exclusively on ethnic groups without taking into account the full complexity of political processes. This work consists in the application of the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to this subject, aiming to overcome previous limitations by analyzing the links between ethnic groups and other agents. To that end, we undertook the case study here reported of the role played by Indian–Americans to advance the 2008 nuclear agreement between the United States and India through Capitol Hill. Employing deductive process tracing based on the ACF's structure, we demonstrate the relevance of the links between Indian–Americans and other groups to better understand how this agreement came to be approved.


This study illustrated the practical pedagogy of ethnic identity for minority foundation students. In order to identify sustainable change management of ESD (Education for Sustainable Development) for minority foundation students, the study conducted a qualitative approach to explore the factors that have impacts on the ethnic identity of minority foundation students. By analyzing related literature, the study found that five categories in change management with ESD impact ethnic identity in four dimensions. Thus, a conceptual framework was generated, a strategy for sustainable change management of ESD for those students based on their ethnic identities.


The three series of PZN-based ceramics 0.75PZN-0.15BT-0.10PT?0.85PZN-0.10BT-0.05PT and 0.80PZN-0.20BT are prepared by the columbite method, and the effect of PbO deficiency in starting raw powders on the phase structure of calcined powders and ceramics sintered with Lead free atmosphere is investigated. At the same time, the effect of PbO deficiency on the dielectric properties is also studied. The results demonstrate that even minor content of PbO deficiency would result in pyrochlore phase in the calcined powders and sintered ceramics. With the increase of deficient PbO content, the perovskite phase content in both calcined powders and ceramics will decrease gradually. The dielectric constant of the three series of PZN-based ceramics is greatly increased with the increment of PbO deficiency, and their peak relative dielectric constant reaches the maximum value with 1% mole PbO deficiency. However, PbO deficiency hardly affected the dielectric loss of the PZN-based ceramics. The increase of dielectric constant results from the enlargement of the size of effective ordered micro-regions and the elimination of PbO film among crystal borders. 


Abstract We propose a projection-based test to check logistic regression models when the dimension of the covariate vector may be divergent. The proposed test achieves a reduction in dimension, and the proposed method behaves as if only a single covariate is present. The test is shown to be consistent and can detect root-n local alternatives. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test under the null hypothesis and establish the test's asymptotic behavior under the local and global alternatives. The numerical performance is remarkably attractive comparing to the existing methods. Real examples are presented for illustration. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


It is shown that a commutative coherent domain cannot have Ng dimension 2 and a commutative coherent regular ring of Ng dimension 2 cannot have finite indecomposable decomposition.


This chapter discusses tilings as mathematical models for quasicrystals. In a first approximation quasicrystals may be described as being space filling with copies of two or more types of tiles. This description gives a connection with the mathematical notion of tilings, which have been well studied. A brief introduction of tilings is presented in this chapter along with the method of substitution to create aperiodic tilings. The symmetry of the tilings is also treated in this chapter, as are model sets and random tilings. Quasiperiodic crystals often have approximants, that is, periodic structures that are close to the aperiodic ones. The relations between quasiperiodic crystals and approximants also is described in this chapter.


This article started life as a talk to the UK Joint Association of Classical Teachers, Ancient History INSET day, at University College, London in September 2012. I am grateful to the editor for inviting me to update and adapt it for the use of teachers and students of Ancient History in New South Wales. My article focuses upon a number of topics central to the NSW Ancient History Stage 6 Syllabus Part II: 'Ancient Societies', Option I 'Greece: Spartan society to the Battle of Leuctra 371 BC'. Some of the material on Spartan life may also be useful background for Part IV: 'Historical Periods', Option G 'Greece: The development of the Greek world 800 - 500 BC', section 2 'Athens and Sparta' (which embraces the emergence and development of the polis in Sparta).


This paper introduces the adoption of the reinforce technics of complex fibre of Fibrwrap in some highway bridges,collecting a large number of structure and performance parameters before and after strengthen by static and dynamical tests on different structure forms of bridges.And also do experiments on enhancing carrying capacity and improving the aseismatic property,when applying this compound material to bridge structure.


Solar Power Plant (PLTS) as one of the renewable energy sources that is being focused on itsdevelopment. This article discusses the design and simulation of the performance of a 1 kWp rooftopsolar power plant using a Helisocope. The input data required by the Helioscope is PLTS technicalspecifications such as solar panel technology, inverter type, number and type of modules selectedand land area. The location data required by the PLTS system includes the coordinates, the type ofroof of the building, the environment around the PLTS and meteorological data. The 1 kWp PLTS roofsystem designed at the location that the author uses uses 7 pcs Canadian Solar 195 Wp panels, 1pcs 1 kW AEC inverter, installed on the roof of the building facing north, and connected to the PLNnetwork via a net meter. This 1 kWp rooftop PLTS is capable of producing an average daily averageof 5,48 kWh, 41,07 kWh weekly, 164,29 kWh monthly, and annual 1971,5 kWh. Energy productionvaries by an average of 8% per month with the minimum production in January of 135,1 kWh and thehighest in July of 184,5 kWh. The designed 1 kWp PLTS roof produces a performance ratio of 73,6%with the irradiation received in a year reaching 1859,2 kWh/m2. The initial investment required to builda 1 kwp PLTS roof is IDR. 20.000.000.


The isolation of 18 indole alkaloids from a whole plant extract of TABERNAEMONTANA ELEGANS is described. Five new and 13 known alkaloids were isolated and identified. The five new alkaloids are tabernaemontaninol, dregaminol, dregaminol-methylether, 3- R/S-hydroxy-tabernaelegantine B and 3-methoxy-tabernaelegantine C. The other alkaloids are apparicine, 16- S-hydroxy-16, 22-dihydro-apparicine, tubotaiwine, vobasine, vobasinol, dregamine, tabernaemontanine, iso-voacangine, 3- R/S-hydroxy-conodurine, tabernaelegantine A, B, C and D.


Foreword HRH The Prince of Wales Part 1: Introduction An Urban Village Primer. Authentic Urbanism and the Jane Jacobs Legacy Part 2: The Context for Urban Villages 1. Smart Growth on Two Continents 2. Planning for Sustainable Communities 3. Emerging Digital Neighbourhoods Part 3: Design Principles for Urban Villages 4. Neighbourhood Design in Practice 5. Connectivity and Movement 6. The Social Dynamic Part 4: Implementing Urban Villages 7. Project Identification 8. Project Procurement 9. Project Management Part 5: Case Studies


ABSTRACT This article describes the genesis for a seminal conference program at the ACRL National Conference of 2007, dealing with the future of reference service and the changes in technology that have affected reference over the past 30 years.


As a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the major causes of global warming. The effective control of CO 2 emission has become a major global concern. To reduce CO 2 emission in the environment and to maximize the use of CO 2 , a self‐cooling wire‐cylinder dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor was used to decompose CO 2 at ambient conditions, and the results were compared with a common wire‐cylinder DBD reactor. Results indicated that in the said plasma reactor, circulating water could obviously improve discharge efficiency through taking away heat that was generated during plasma discharge process, and a more stable and homogeneous discharge was easier to obtain. The CO 2 decomposition rate was 26.1% without using any catalysts and discharge mediums or modifying electrodes, and this value was significantly higher than that in the common wire‐cylinder DBD reactor (10.1% CO 2 decomposition rate). Moreover, the CO 2 decomposition rate could reach up to 35.8% when N 2 was added (volume ratio V N 2 : V C O 2 = 9 : 1 ). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


During the recent decade we have experienced a rise of popularity of sensors capable of collecting large amounts of data. One of most popular types of data collected by sensors is time series composed of sequences of measurements taken over time. With low cost of individual sensors, multivariate time series data sets are becoming common. Examples can include vehicle or machinery monitoring, sensors from smartphones or sensor suites installed on a human body. This paper describes a generic method that can be applied to arbitrary set of multivariate time series data in order to perform classification or regression tasks. This method was applied to the 2015 AAIA Data Mining Competition concerned with classifying firefighter activities and consecutively led to achieving the second-high score of nearly 80 participant teams.


A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (India). To study the Effect of Planting pattern and Weed management in Baby corn (Zea mays L.) intercropped with Field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Weed control efficiency did not differ significantly due to various planting pattern. However, paired row planting system and normal planting pattern remained at par to each other and recorded higher weed control efficiency (%) than sole planting. Further perusal of the data revealed that weed management practices recorded significant variation in weed control efficiency. At 30 DAS, hand weeding at 25 DAS recorded higher weed control efficiency and remained at par to pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha. However, at 60 and 90 DAS postemergence application of imazethapyr @ 50 g ha was significantly superior and was most effective in increasing the weed control efficiency.


Over the past 10 years the Database and Expert-system Group o f the Institut für Informationssysteme located at the TU Wien ha s done research in many subfields of AI, including Model-based Reas oning (MBR). Within MBR algorithms for consistency-based dia gnosis [7, 3], abductive diagnosis [4], and the integration of r epair into the diagnosis process [5, 6, 8] has been explored. In the last years research has focused on applying model-bas d diagnosis to software debugging [1]. This line of research was initiated by the DDV project funded by Siemens Austria. Section 2 gives an overview of the project and future research activities. Another direction of research includes the object-oriente d d sign of diagnosis kernels, providing a language for defining new d iagnosis components and complete diagnosis systems (see secti on 3). Motivated by this work, our group has spent effort on buildin g new more efficient diagnosis algorithms which can be used also fo r very large systems (up to 10.000 components and more). See [17] fo r an algorithm for tree-structured diagnosis systems. Currently we are involved in a project with the aim of buildin g scale-able diagnosis agents running on workstations, PCs, and personal digital assistants (PDAs), and are able to communicat e di gnosis informations to each other. Section 4 gives an overvie w of this project.


This revised text of the Braibant lecture delivered in Helsinki addresses the widely shared difficulty of creating enough political will to reform public institutions, before crisis strikes and not after, and then to sustain the reforms through to completion. There is virtually no incentive for politicians or governments to do this: interests (including the administration itself) will most likely be hostile; meaningful change is only measured in years; few votes can be won. Yet the complex problems faced today by both individual countries and at planetary level, summarized in the beginning of the article, are so serious that it is vital to find ways to alleviate this difficulty without which all public policies and programmes suffer. The principal means must be much sharper and more articulately organized pressures for change so as to make it politically inconvenient to ignore them, and thus provide a genuine incentive to act. Nine propositions are made. Points for practitioners There are no obvious answers to the problem of getting the sustained interest of the political class to prosecute reform of public governance. Can sharper pressures along with the necessary fora and processes be developed? The difficulty is compounded by the trend to cynicism and outright dismissal as regards public authorities. On the other hand, the growing perception of dramatic problems shared across the planet introduces a potential for new institutional initiatives, mobilization of external groupings, incentive structures or attitude changes. As one example, could the trend to independent, more transparent responsibilities in such domains as monetary or fiscal policy be relevant?


The inhibitory effect of Lecithin-bound Iodine (LBI) on allergic reactions and immune responses in animals was studied. The results are as follows. 1) The pretreatment of 20 mg/kg of LBI induced inhibitory effects on heterologous and homologous PCA in the guinea pig and the rat. 2) The protective effect on the passive systemic anaphylactic shock and passive Arthus reaction in the guinea pig by the pretreatment of LBI was hardly noticeable. 3) The pretreatment of LBI was not effective in suppressing IgM and IgG antibody production. However, the production of IgE antibody in mice was slightly inhibited by the injection of LBI. 4) The inhibitory effect of LBI on the delayed-type allergic skin reaction in the guinea pig was dearly observed. These results suggest that LBI may be useful in the clinical trial against type I allergic diseases and/or in some cases of auto-immune diseases.


The concept of the Rule of Law, which describes how states are governed, has been around for millennia. Rule of Law entails that all institutions, including the government, must uphold the supremacy of the law as opposed to Rule by Law, which places the government above the law and uses the law to govern. One of the goals of this study is to show that the rule of law is essential to democracy and that solely caring about the rule of law during elections is insufficient to maintain democracy. The study aims to establish that the principles of democracy are strongly related to the Rule of Law. In addition to this, it establishes how philosophers from time to time have reiterated how the law is above the king. This study has also compared the modern concept of rule of law to the traditional theory and bursts the misconception that Parliament Sovereignty is above the Rule of Law. The paper also mentions a few landmark judgements which have set a great impact on society and have helped in limiting the powers of government. In India, no organization may assert ultimate authority. Parliament is sovereign to the extent that it enacts laws in accordance with clearly defined constitutional processes and according to procedural guidelines established by Parliament and state legislatures. The Constitution may only be amended by Parliament, subject to the procedural rules outlined in the document and the Supreme Court's interpretation of the law. But the ability to change the Constitution's fundamental provisions is not included in that power.


Decision feedback equalizer (DFE) uses a feedback path to cancel post-cursor ISI, and this feedback path will also cause the limitation of its maximum throughput rate. This paper proposes a new lookahead method to break the feedback path for multi-gigabit DFE design. After lookahead computation, each paralleled sub-circuit has the same throughput rate as original one. Therefore, the total throughput rate is proportional to the parallelization factor. The computation complexity of the proposed architecture is lower than that of multiplexer-based lookahead DFE if the tap number of the feedback filter is large. It is shown that the new method saves 10% hardware complexity for an 8 taps feedback filter DFE and 98% hardware complexity for a 12 taps feedback filter DFE in comparison to a 10Gbps multiplexer-based lookahead DFE.


The Nimbus-6 satellite carries a scanning microwave spectrometer (SCAMS) experiment. The five frequency bands observed are near 22.2, 31.6, 52.8, 53.8, and 55.4 GHz. The calibration system permitted preflight calibration to an accuracy of about 1 K. In orbit, small empirical corrections were made to the calibration constants to obtain agreement in the mean of SCAMS measurements with computations based on conventional data analyzed by the National Meteorological Center (NMC). Global maps of temperature profiles were retrieved from the SCAMS measurements by a statistical method. Using the NMC analysis as the verification, RMS errors in level temperatures range of about 2-4 K, depending on altitude. Errors for layers of octave extent in pressure are uniformly about 2 K. Theoretical computations show that additional spectrometer channels would improve temperature sensing performance


The purpose of the present paper is studying spatial and temporal variations of stratospheric ozone by simultaneous measurements. The research has been performed in a rather interesting Arctic region where most frequently there are hurricanes in the winter stratosphere of the Earth so-called winter polar vortex. As a rule, the centre of the vortex lies in this area [1]. The regions which are inside the vortex are characterized by the lowered content of stratospheric ozone in comparison with areas beyond the vortex. A peculiarity in the natural behavior of O3 in the Arctic winter stratosphere is a strong variability of its losses in different years. Besides, the value of O3 decrease strongly depends on the temperature [2, 3]. We present the results of simultaneous observations of stratospheric ozone in the winter 2003/2004 at heights from 20 to 60 km. The measurements were conducted by the ground-based microwave instruments, which are at the Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity (67°N, 35°E), Russia and at the Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna (68°N, 20°E), Sweden. Besides, we used the results of balloon measurements of ozone vertical distribution from the surface up to the heights of 25-30 km performed by electrochemical cell type ECC-6A at the Meteorological Institute, Sodankyla (67°N, 27°E), Finland and at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Koldewey-Station (79°N, 12°E), Spitsbergen. Now this technique is the most exact one (3-5 %) for the measurements of ozone vertical distribution [4]. The study of ozone vertical profile in the upper atmosphere (heights from 20 up to 60 km) in Apatity and Kiruna was carried out by ground-based microwave radiometry technique. For this purpose, the millimeter wave-range radiometers with a high resolution analyzer of spectrum were used. The technique is based on the measurements and analysis of spectrum of atmospheric thermal radiation in the ozone resonance lines (the rotational transitions). In the observations in the Kola Peninsula the rotational transition O3 40,4 – 41,3 (resonance frequency 101736.8 MHz) and in Kiruna two transitions O3 140,14 – 141,13 and 112,10 – 103,7 (resonance frequencies 195430.4 MHz and 195721.2 MHz, respectively) were used. The parameters of microwave instruments permit to obtain qualitative spectra of atmospheric lines O3 with the integration time of about one hour. With the use of retrieval procedure, they were transformed to ozone vertical profiles in the height range of 20-60 km. For processing the ozone spectra measured in Sweden, daily vertical pressure and temperature profiles were taken from the National Centers for Environmental Protection (NCEP). As a retrieval algorithm, the optimal estimation technique [5] was utilized. In the Kola Peninsula measurements, the vertical distribution of ozone was obtained using a fitting technique [6]. In these calculations both mean zonal monthly vertical distributions of pressure and temperature [7] and the data of temperature sounding for the observational region http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/crad/st/amsuclimate/ [8] were used. The accuracy of the estimation of ozone vertical distribution is smaller than 20 % in the height range considered.


Flows generated by density differences are called gravity or density currents which are generic features of many environmental flows. These currents are classified as the conservative and non-conservative flows whether the buoyancy flux is conserved or changed respectively. In this paper, a low Reynolds k-e turbulence model is used to simulate three dimensional density and turbidity currents. Also, a series of experiments were conducted in a straight channel to study the characteristics of the non-conservative density current. In experiments, Kaolin was used as the suspended material. Comparisons are made between conservative and non-conservative's height, concentration and velocity profiles of the current and their variations along the transverse intersections. Outcomes indicate that the presence of the particles influences the flow structure sensibly. The results are compared with the experiments and showed a good agreement.© 2006 ASME


Vehicle CAE models for NVH predictions are largely developed in two schemes. One is FE models generally used for below 200 Hz problems such as booming noise, and the other is SEA models for high frequencies of more than 1 kHz, representatively related to sound packages. HMC has tried to develop a CAE model for 200-1000 Hz, so-called mid-frequency region, and this paper is one of the corresponding results. The CAE model is developed based on an FE model, and then FE elements at some areas are substituted with SEA elements to reduce DOFs. SEA panels are described by modal density, radiation efficiency, stiffness and damping characteristics that are found from some numerical assessments. Sound packages are modeled similarly as a conventional SEA model. The CAE model developed in this manner, the hybrid model, was compared to experimental results. Predicted pressure and vibrational velo city generally show a good agreement. The developed CAE model and related technology are successfully being used in vehicle development process.


2016 was marked by the largest epizootic of anthrax among reindeer and people in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The development of the emergency situation has led to significant economic and material losses to the region. The federal executive bodies, as well as scientific research organisations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops were attracted to the elimination of consequences of this epizootic. The aim of this work was to summarize the role of scientific research organizations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops in ensuring epidemiological and epizootic well-being of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District during the anthrax epizootic outbreak in 2016–2018. The experts from the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence together with the experts from the territorial branches of Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing and executive bodies of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District have developed a «Comprehensive Anthrax Prevention Plan for the Territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District for 2017–2020». This plan was dedicated to the monitoring and analyzing the epizootic situation, to the movement control, to the vaccination of people at risk and animals, as well as to the systematic control of epidemiological and epizootic well-being (sampling). Due to the implementation of these measures, an anthrax outbreak in Yamal was localized in autumn 2018. In order to monitor the situation at the sites of the epizootic in 2016, the specialists from the scientific research organisations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops carried out the selection and delivery of biological samples to the laboratory base of the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of Russia for their in-depth study. The results of VNTR typing allowed to state, that the genotype of Bacillus аnthracis isolates, that caused the anthrax epizootic outbreak in the Yamal, was not exotic for Russia. The genetic material of B. anthracis, analysed by the experts from the branch office of the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute», showed that it was identical with the B. anthracis strain genotype, obtained in 2016 in the
Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District


Aiming at power system faults caused by cable theft and ice storm,line faults monitoring system was designed in this paper.Power line carrier communication was applied in a transformer supply area,and ZigBee wireless communication technology was applied in different transformer area,The distribution network faults monitoring center is also proposed.Simulation results showed that the system can monitor faults in real-time and locate fault points rapidly.


Wavefront coding is a technology which combination of the optical design and digital image processing. By inserting a phase mask closed to the pupil plane of the continuous zoom optical system, the wavefront of the system is re-modulated. And the depth of focus is extended consequently. In reality the idea is same as the athermalization theory of infrared optical system. In this paper, an uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system with effective focal as 38mm~19mm, F number as 1.2, operating wavelength varying from 8μm to 12μm was designed. A cubic phase mask was used at the pupil plane to re-modulate the wavefront. Then the performance of the infrared continuous zoom system was simulated with CODEV as the environment temperature varying from -40℃ to 60℃. MTF curve of the optical system with phase mask are compared with the traditional before using phase mask. Decode the image of the coding system, and the result show that wavefront coding technology can make the system not sensitive to thermal defocus, and then realize the athermal design of the infrared optical system.


How to measure the quality of conceptual models is an important issue in the IS field and related research. This paper conducts a review of research in measuring conceptual model quality and identifies the major theoretical and practical issues that need to be addressed in future studies. We review current classification frameworks for conceptual model quality and practice of measuring conceptual model quality. Based on the review, challenges for studies of measuring the quality of conceptual models are proposed and these challenges are also research points which should be strengthened in future studies.


Big data processing includes multiple processing flows of data. But data quality is the most important part of the entire process. Every data processing link will have an impact on the quality of big data. Collision detection is an important research content in many fields such as computer graphics and computer virtual reality. In layman's terms, it means that the computer detects the signal voltage on the channel while sending data. When the signal voltage swing value detected by a station exceeds a certain threshold value, it will be considered that at least two stations on the bus are sending data at the same time, indicating that a collision has occurred. As the number of questions increases, the level becomes higher, the target information becomes more diverse, and the algorithm becomes more complex. The traditional evolutionary algorithm is far from being able to deal with this situation effectively, and the optimization target algorithm emerges as the times require. Evolutionary computing is a mature global optimization method with high robustness and wide applicability. It has the characteristics of self-organization, self-adaptation, and self-learning. It is not limited by the nature of the problem and can effectively deal with complex problems that are difficult to solve by traditional optimization algorithms. This paper aims to study the optimization algorithm of real-time collision detection based on Snake model in the field of big data. It is expected that, with the support of big data technology, the efficiency of real-time collision detection of Snake model will be improved and time will be saved. This paper proposes a multiline swarm particle swarm algorithm and combines it with the Snake model to improve the detection efficiency of the collision detection algorithm. It verifies the detection performance of traditional algorithms and tests their effectiveness in detection. The experimental results of this paper show that the frame rate of the Snake model algorithm is 15, the frame rate of the K-DOPs algorithm is 6.7, and the error of the algorithm is 1.04. It shows that the frame rate of Snake model algorithm is better.


Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms have provided some of the most potent and effective medicines and agrochemicals in the modern era (Table 7.1) starting over a half century ago with the introduction of the antibiotics penicillin, a metabolite from a fungus Penicillium notatum,1 and streptomy...


Based on the analysis of practical exploration of students pioneer park in higher vocational colleges,the article presents some constructive suggestions on promotion of students' pioneer park:students pioneer park should consider the economic development level of the area and the college conditions;the practice and theory of entrepreneurship should be equally important;the management of students pioneer park should standardize and quality service should be in place to increases the success rate of students' entrepreneurship.


Phil Hammond, author of the column in the satirical magazine Private Eye that first revealed problems in paediatric cardiac surgery in Bristol, told the inquiry into children's heart surgery services in the city that he was surprised that no official action had followed his revelations.

At the time he was a very junior doctor and did not believe that he had enough clout to raise such concerns personally. "I did not have the strength and courage to phone up Mr Wisheart or Dr Roylance or Mr Doyle at the Department of Health, or who-ever, and say: 'I'm a senior house officer in casualty—will you please …


In the process of the transformation of organizational structure and reconstruction of management system in the state owned enterprises, one of the most important activities is to reduce redundancy and redesign job positions, so as to improve the human resource management and organizational efficiency. Job analysis is widely used to define responsibilities and duties of jobs. This paper summarizes the applications of various methods of job analysis in this process and proposes a new method of job analysis, modularized job analysis. The modularized job analysis begins with modular analysis of job. All activities are analyzed and grouped into modules with their parameters. Rules are then developed to combine modules into job duties. Based on the result of modularized job analysis, a computer-aided program of job analysis is also described to meet the requirement of dynamic development of organizational structure.


A design procedure to achieve a reasonably low grounding resistance for a hydro-electric generation and transmission complex & situated on extremely resistive rock-bed terrains is presented. Advantage is taken of nearby available volumes of water and low resistivity soils to decrease the otherwise high resistance to ground of the plant. The paper gives a description of the grid being used, together with possible methods of calculation for the various parts of the grounding network, taking into account the existence of multi-layer grounding paths. Though, there have been several papers written on theoretical methods for various electrode configurations, there is very little literature available dealing with such a specific application and related calculation.


AbstractSystematic linear-elastic finite-element analyses were performed on a series of unpiled rafts (rafts without piles), pile groups, and piled rafts with different geometries and pile configur...


Objective To observe the effect of tramadol on MAC of the enflurance and hemodynamic variables in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Methods 30 patients, ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ, undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were divided into two groups (n=15, in each group). Both groups were under general anesthesia of enflurance combined with epidural block. Patients were given tramadol 10mg i.v. followed immediately by a continuous infusion of 0.5mg kg-1 h-1 at 5 minute before skin incision till the end of surgery in group Ⅰ. There was no application of tramadol in group Ⅱ. MAC, MAP, HR and so on were measured. Results MAC of the enflurance was lower at 1, 5, 30, 45, 60, amd 75 minutes after thoracotomy and at the end of surgery in group Ⅰ than that in group Ⅱ(P0.05). No statistical differences were observed in MAP and HR between two groups.Conclusion Tramadol could re-enforce the potency of inhalational anesthetic during pulmonary lobectomy and conventional doses of tramadol had no significant effects on hemodynamic changes.


Three members of a collection of pBR322‐yeast DNA recombinant plasmids containing yeast tRNA genes have been analyzed and sequenced. Each plasmid carries a single tRNA gene: pY44, tRNASer2; pY41, tRNAArg2; pY7, tRNAVal1. All three genes are intronless and terminate in a cluster of Ts in the non‐coding strand. The sequence information here and previously determined sequences allow an extensive comparison of the regions flanking several yeast tRNA genes. This analysis has revealed novel features in tRNA gene arrangement. Blocks of homology in the flanking regions were found between the tRNA genes of an isoacceptor family but, more interestingly, also between genes coding for tRNAs of different amino‐acid specificities. Particularly, three examples are discussed in which sequence elements in the neighborhood of different tRNA genes have been conserved to a high degree and over long distances.


A study of the interaction of a platinum blue compound with protein crystals has demonstrated a possible mode of attack of htese anti-tumour drugs.


Greg Lane's practice as senior nursery manager at the London Early Year's Foundation (LEYF) nursery in Soho is fizzing with a creativity that befits its unique, city centre location. Karen Hart discovers how his children benefit.


A mathematical model for analyzing both Love waves and horizontally polarized shear surface waves (SH-waves) propagating in stratified media with monoclinic symmetry is worked out. Analytic and numerical solutions for SH and Love waves obtained by applying the Modified Transfer Matrix (MTM) method and a special complex formalism, are presented. Displacement fields, specific energy, phase, ray, and group velocities, and dispersion curves for SH and Love waves are compared and analyzed. Plates with different types of boundary conditions imposed on the outer surfaces are considered. Behavior of the leakage Love waves and anomalous SH-waves is discussed.


Abstract Low soil fertility is a major problem limiting peri-urban vegetable production in the Kumasi metropolis. This study was conducted to assess the effects of poultry litter biochar (PLB) and NPK fertilizer application on soil chemical properties and the yield of cabbage. Twelve treatments (control, 100% NPK, 50% NPK, 2.5 t ha−1 PLB, 2.5 t ha−1 PLB + 50% NPK, 2.5 t ha−1 PLB + 100% NPK, 5 t ha−1 PLB, 5 t ha−1 PLB + 50% NPK, 5 t ha−1 PLB + 100% NPK, 7.5 t ha−1 PLB, 7.5 t ha−1 PLB + 50% NPK, and 7.5 t ha−1 PLB + 100% NPK) were evaluated under field conditions in a randomized block design with three replications. Combined application of PLB and NPK fertilizer improved the soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of cabbage relative to the control and sole PLB treatments. Application of 5 t ha−1 PLB + 50% NPK increased the soil pH, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity by 26.6, 41.4, 296, and 78.7%, respectively, relative to the control. Moreover, 5 t ha−1 PLB + 50% NPK increased the cabbage yield by 73% compared with the control. This study concludes that PLB and NPK fertilizers can be applied to improve the soil chemical properties and yield of cabbage.


The novelists of eighteenth-century Britain staged a remarkable number of episodes in which innocent characters are imprisoned. The catalogue of novels published during the period in which at least one character is wrongfully jailed includes Samuel Richardson's Pamela( 1740) and Clarissa (1747-48); Henry Fielding's Jonathan Wild (1743), Tom Jones (1749), and Amelia (1751); Tobias Smollett's Roderick Random (1748), Peregrine Pickle ( 1751 ), and Humphry Clinker (1771); Oliver Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield (Î 66); William Godwin's Caleb Williams (1794); and Mary Hays's The Victim of Prejudice (1799). British novels published before the 1790s frequently portray wrongful imprisonment as a blessing in disguise. In Pamela, for instance, Parson Williams turns a substantial profit as a result of his confinement for debt. After the young clergyman is released,


The effect of nanodispersed triboactive additive introducing into the oil suspension of model abrasive is considered. The influence of the concentrations both additive and abrasive, as well as the dispersion of the solid phase on the wear of steel-steel pair friction, is determined. It has been suggested that carbon nano-particle additives under these conditions can shield the level of abrasive wear.


During the machining of freeform surfaces, the tool path will directly affect the machining accuracy of the surface, the execution of each axis of the machine tool, and the machining efficiency. Th...


The author parameterizes the set of all controllers such that the standard unity-feedback system is stable in the presence of arbitrary sensor or actuator failures. The characterization of controllers in this parameterization is not independent of the failures. Linear, time-invariant, multi-input, multi-output feedback systems are discussed. Two classes of failures are considered, the failure of one connection and the failure of any number of connections provided that at least one connection does not fail.<<ETX>>


The Gray Scale Standard Display Function (GSDF) for calibration of medical displays is a useful model, but as such not sufficient to achieve highest possible image quality. We will discuss a method to improve calibration accuracy over the complete display surface.


The purpose of this study was to observe the behavior of skin tests under the conditions of experimental arthritis. One of the questions which a clinical study of chronic rheumatism presents is whether a joint once infected can in itself be a focus from which further exacerbations of the disease may arise. Accordingly, in arranging the experimental conditions under which the subject of bacterial allergy was to be studied, arthritis was produced not only by inoculating animals intravenously but also by inoculating small amounts of bacteria into the joints. The organism used was a laboratory strain of hemolytic streptococcus, preserved by freezing and desiccating the culture. Skin tests were made on the backs of the rabbits, after the hair had been clipped and removed with sodium sulfide. This depilatation was carried out 2 to 3 days before the skin tests were made. The toxic filtrate used was prepared by seeding a 24-hour broth culture of the organisms into about 100 cc. of Harley's toxin media. This was incubated for 5 days, centrifugalized and filtered through a Berkefeld candle. Normal rabbits were found to give no skin reaction following the intradermal injection of 1/10 cc. of these filtrates. Animals so tested were used in these experiments. In the series reported 24 animals were used, the same number being inoculated intravenously as by the intra-articular route. After intravenous injection, rabbits usually develop a positive blood culture. Daily blood cultures then show one of two things. The animal tends to recover and the daily blood culture shows fewer and fewer organisms, or the animal grows rapidly worse with more and more organisms per cc. of blood and soon dies. The rabbits surviving may or may not develop metastatic joint infections.


Ensuring the security of medical records is becoming an increasingly important problem as modern technology is integrated into existing medical services. As a consequence of the adoption of electronic medical records in the health care sector, it is becoming more and more common for a health professional to edit and view a patient's record using a tablet PC. In order to protect the patient's privacy, as required by governmental regulations in the United States, a secure authentication system to access patient records must be used. Biometric-based access is capable of providing the necessary security. On-line signature and voice modalities seem to be the most convenient for the users in such authentication systems because a tablet PC comes equipped with the associated sensors/hardware. This thesis analyzes the performance of combining the use of on-line signature and voice biometrics in order to perform robust user authentication. Signatures are verified using the dynamic programming technique of string matching. Voice is verified using a commercial, off the shelf, software development kit. In order to improve the authentication performance, we combine information from both on-line signature and voice biometrics. After suitable normalization of scores, fusion is performed at the matching score level. A prototype bimodal authentication system for accessing medical records has been designed and evaluated on a truly multimodal database of 100 users, resulting in an average equal error rate of 0.72%.


Based on the Rosin-Rammler distribution function,this research presents a new optimization method in fitting distribution functions. It also presents the analysis and treatment in experiment data of Laser particle size analyzer by taking for example four kinds of materials: silica,potassium feldspar pow der,mineral pow der and quartz sand. Then the Matlab software is used to realize the automation of analysis and processing of the experimental data by programming. Through comparing the literature with graphic curve fitting and error analysis,the results show that the optimization method is correct and reasonable. They also show that the fitting result is better than the method of direct regression analysis and of the non- optimized linear regression analysis and the curve of optimization and fitting is closer to experimental measurement curve. This method has much significance for the accurate calculation of the average particle size and the variance,and for the objective evaluation of pow der material properties,etc.


A truly-mixed approach for the analysis of viscoelastic structures and continua is presented. An additive decomposition of the stress state into a viscoelastic part and a purely elastic one is introduced along with an Hellinger-Reissner variational principle wherein the stress represents the main variable of the formulation whereas the kinematic descriptor (that in the case at hand is the velocity field) acts as Lagrange multiplier. The resulting problem is a Differential Algebraic Equation (DAE) because of the need to introduce static Lagrange multipliers to comply with the Cauchy boundary condition on the stress. The associated eigenvalue problem is known in the literature as constrained eigenvalue problem and poses several difficulties for its solution that are addressed in the paper. The second part of the paper proposes a topology optimization approach for the rationale design of viscoelastic structures and continua. Details concerning density interpolation, compliance problems and eigenvalue-based objectives are given. Worked numerical examples are presented concerning both the dynamic analysis of viscoelastic structures and their topology optimization.


In this Paper. we propose vision-based camera localization technique using 3D information which is created by mapping of DEM and mountain image. Typically, image features for localization have drawbacks, it is variable to camera viewpoint and after time information quantify increases . In this paper, we extract invariance features of geometry which is irrelevant to camera viewpoint and estimate camera extrinsic Parameter through accurate corresponding Points matching by Proposed similarity evaluation function and Graham search method we also propose 3D information creation method by using graphic theory and visual clues, The Proposed method has the three following stages; point features invariance vector extraction, 3D information creation, camera extrinsic Parameter estimation. In the experiments, we compare and analyse the proposed method with existing methods to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods.


Since 1981, we have proposed and investigated spectral analysis of the harmonics of ion cyclotron emission (ICE) as a means of monitoring the energy content of α particles confined in a magnetic fusion device. A pair of crown probe antennas have been constructed for TFTR to collect ICE spectra and will be installed on that device in the near future. The design of this ICE spectroscopy system is described. Also, some calculations of ICE electromagnetic fluctuations in the ICRF, due to newborn α particles with a distribution function appropriate to typical fusion reactor parameters, are discussed. The calculated emission spectra are quite distinct from that of blackbody radiation.


Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1240 / Utilisation of CTPA is associated with high diagnostic uncertainty for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." by: "K. K. Cheung, J. Jacob, A. Devaraj; London/UK"


The invention relates to a rose compound essential oil for resisting skin aging. The rose compound essential oil for resisting skin aging is prepared by uniform mixing of rose essential oil, citronella essential oil, cananga odorata essential oil, lavender essential oil and grape seed oil. The rose essential oil is prepared as follows: taking fresh rose petals, adding water for extraction, and separating oil and water, thus obtaining the rose essential oil. The citronella essential oil is prepared as follows: taking whole herb of citronella, coarsely crushing, adding the water for extraction, and separating oil and water, thus obtaining the citronella essential oil. The cananga odorata essential oil is prepared as follows: taking fresh cananga odorata petals, adding the water for extraction, and separating oil and water, thus obtaining the cananga odorata essential oil. The lavender essential oil is prepared as follows: taking whole herb of lavender, coarsely crushing to obtain coarse powder, adding the water for extraction, and separating oil and water, thus obtaining the lavender essential oil. The rose compound essential oil for resisting the skin aging has the advantages of simple processes; through scientific compatibility and synergistic effects of the natural plant essential oils, active ingredients can quickly penetrate into skins for absorption, and the anti-aging, skin protection and other purposes can be achieved; and the rose compound essential oil for resisting the skin aging has good improvement effects on skin aging symptoms such as stains, wrinkles, laxity and the like, and is applicable to the skin aging symptoms of all kinds of characteristics.


Utilizing the splat cooling technique of rapid quenching from the melt, the Pb–Sb and Pb–Bi alloy systems were investigated at –190°C. In large parts of both systems, metastable single‐phase alloys were obtained instead of equilibrium two‐phase alloys. New phases found include a bcc (W‐A2‐type) Pb–Sb phase, a primitive cubic coordinated Pb–Sb phase (possibly of the NaCl–B1 type), and a complex Pb–Bi phase. The terminal solubilities, especially those of Pb in Sb and Bi, were strongly enhanced with an appreciable decrease of the rhombohedral angle α; atomic volumes are given.


A sufficiently large Schwarzschild AdS black hole with the Hawking temperature has a positive heat capacity and undergoes the Hawking-Page phase transition. Even though an arbitrary isothermal surface of a cavity is introduced, the essential features about the stability and phase transition of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole remain the same. In this paper, we study the stability and the Hawking-Page phase transition of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole by employing an alternative local temperature satisfying the Hartle-Hawking vacuum condition which states that the ingoing and outgoing fluxes vanish at the horizon so that the local temperature is naturally zero there. The different definition of the local temperature based on the stress tensor approach provides different types of stability and phase transition. For a AdS curvature radius below a critical one, the medium-sized black hole is found to be stable and the other small and large black holes turn out to be unstable regardless of the AdS curvature radius. Furthermore, we encounter various critical temperatures. The first one is for the Hawking-Page phase transition between the medium-sized black hole and thermal AdS, and the second one is for a phase transition between the large black hole and thermal AdS; however, the latter one is not essential because the large black hole and thermal AdS eventually collapse to the medium-sized black hole. Interestingly, we find an additional critical temperature related to the zeroth-order phase transition between the medium-sized black hole and thermal AdS. Consequently, the medium-sized black hole undergoes both the Hawking-Page phase transition and the zeroth-order phase transition.


We study certain discrete boundary value problems for discrete analogue of model elliptic pseudo-differential operator in discrete Sobolev–Slobodetskii spaces. Existence and uniqueness theorems are proved and a comparison between discrete and continuous solutions are given. Introduction As a rule the classical pseudo-differential operator in Euclidean space Rm is defined by the formula


This research is trying to uncover the difficulties encountered by high school chemistry teachers in teaching chemical content. A total of 30 chemistry teachers who were attending a regional teacher professional development program at the Institutes of Educational Development in Central Java were included in this study. The methods of collecting data by using questionnaires and interviews to respondents. The results showed that the difficulty of teaching chemical content experienced by 30 chemistry teachers from all over Indonesia was mainly due to the lack of knowledge of chemistry mastered both in the macroscopic, microscopic and symbolic aspects, the many concepts that must be mastered that were not interconnected, the low mathematical abilities of the teachers. The difficulties experienced by teachers are exacerbated by the difficulty of teachers to access various information and opportunities to participate in continuous professional development activities.


The effects of the ϕ meson on the properties of hyperon stars are studied systematically in the framework of the density-dependent relativistic mean field (DDRMF) model. The ϕ meson shifts the hyperon threshold to a higher density and reduces the hyperon fractions in neutron star cores. It also strongly stiffens the equation of state calculated with various DDRMF effective interactions and increases the maximum mass of hyperon stars, but only a few effective interactions survive under the constraints from recent astrophysical observations. In the DDRMF model, the conformal limit of the sound velocity is still in strong tension with the fact that the maximum mass of neutron stars obtained in theoretical calculations reaches about 2 M ⊙. Based on different interior composition assumptions, we discuss the possibility of the secondary object of GW190814 as a neutron star. When the ϕ meson is considered, DD-ME2 and DD-MEX support the possibility that the secondary object of GW190814 is a hyperon star rapidly rotating with Kepler frequency.


Complex torsional behaviors of harmonic drives lead to performance degradation of flexible joint servo systems, raising the need for accurate models and suited control approaches. A comprehensive model is proposed in this paper considering the friction, the nonlinear stiffness, and the kinematic error. The torsional hysteresis phenomenon of the harmonic drive is represented using Preisach model and treated inside the stiffness submodel. Identification processes for the comprehensive model based on no-load tests and stall tests are elaborated, and a control method based on feedback linearizing is also put forward. Experiment results indicate that the comprehensive model matches the measurements well, and the proposed controller shows better dynamic responses than conventional PI controllers.


The discovery and therapeutic use of antibiotics has completely changed the pattern, course, and prognosis of many familiar diseases, of which subacute bacterial endocarditis (S.B.E.) with its previous 99% mortality (Lichtman, 1943) provides a dramatic example. The literature upon the subject is now considerable, but the many published investigations have been concerned primarily with the broad and obvious problems of the disease-namely, the associated cardiac abnormality, acquired or congenital; the incidence of the disease upon these abnormal hearts; the sex and age incidence; the organism concerned; the choice and dosage of the antibiotic to be employed; the duration of treatment; and the prognosis. Penicillin in particular (Cates and Christie, 1951) has been outstandingly efficacious and the immediate results of treatment have been good, but in the long-term follow-up the relapse rate has been disappointingly high. It is doubtful whether enough attention has been paid to some of the aetiological factors, in particular to the focus of infection from which the invading organism is discharged into the blood stream to become established upon the structure of a pathological heart. The point is fundamental in the consideration of the therapeutic mastery of the disease and the prevention of relapse. It is the purpose of this communication to demonstrate the importance of the primary focus of infection in the teeth and dental sockets, and its relation to the onset of the disease, to the occasionally unsatisfactory immediate response to therapy, and to the tendency to relapse. S.B.E. can be divided into two broad categories: (a) cases in which Streptococcus viridans is the organism concerned, and (b) those in which other organisms are concerned. In each category the severity and character of the precedent underlying cardiac lesions have much in common, and the presence or absence of cardiac failure will profoundly influence the prognosis in any individual case. There are, however, more striking differences in the severity of the disease, the treatment, the prognosis, the tendency to relapse, and the aetiology. Category A.-S.B.E. due to Str. viridans is generally less severe, its therapy rarely presents major problems, the immediate prognosis is more favourable, but the tendency to relapse is high. The teeth are commonly regarded as the most important focus of infection. Category B.-S.B.E. due to other organisms is more acute, presents therapeutic problems related to the organism concerned, carries a less favourable immediate prognosis, but is unlikely to relapse if the initial attack is successfully treated. The focus of infection is usually located in a site other than the teeth.


According to the four air to ground assaulting mode of armed helicopters with rocket weapon system,this paper establishes a battlefield model which would be encountered by the helicopter on real combat.Then the paper establishes a matrix to calculate the weighted coefficient of the model.Combining the characteristic of assaulting and the rocker weapon system,the paper fixes the efficiency coefficient of models.On the basis of weighted coefficient and efficiency coefficient,the paper proposes the campaign efficiency of all the assaulting and the best mode which would be good to pilots.


Hockey aficionados love the thrill of the slap shot--but don't forgot those pads. For thefirst time, here is detailed advice on everything from buying a helmet to sneaking out ofthe house for midnight ice time.


Tunable synchrotron radiation has been used to probe the dissociation dynamics of ethylene sulfide, providing selective determination of the translational energy distributions of both excited (1D) and ground-state (3P) sulfur atoms, with momentum-matching to the ethylene cofragments. The results suggest the presence of a channel giving S(3P) in conjunction with triplet ethylene C2H4 (3B1u), and allow for the first experimental measure of the energy of the latter species near the equilibrium geometry, in which the two methylene groups occupy perpendicular planes.


Visual Cortices and their Impact on Sport-Related Concussion: A Review
The human visual cortex is a complex anatomical system which involves inputs and outputs from multiple areas of the brain including both the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. These visual areas and pathways may be altered following a concussion (a subtype of mild traumatic brain injury or TBI) as a result of topdown processing in the brain. Theoretical models for changes occurring in the visual pathways derived from primate research can be applied to the visual cortex in humans following concussions. The purposes of this review article are to: (1) provide an overview of the two anatomical pathways of the human visual system, (2) describe the implications for the differential effects of brain injury in the dorsal and ventral visual pathways of individuals who have sustained a mild TBI, and (3) explain how frontal cortex function or dysfunction modulates both perception and action which take place in posterior parts of the brain.


In the scientific literature, there is not reliable information about the vitamin E content of commercially prepared fried foods. Therefore, tocochromanols were determined in 44 samples of french fries and 33 samples of potato chips and similar fried snacks. The total tocochromanol content of the french fries varied in the range of 1.7–96.9 mg/kg, α-tocopherol 0.3–76.1 mg/kg, and vitamin E (expressed in α-tocopherol equivalents) 0.6–76.4 mg/kg. The total content of tocochromanols in the fried snack products varied in the range of 39.9–204.6 mg/kg, α-tocopherol 20.4–133.7 mg kg, and vitamin E 29.8–134.6 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/kg. After a comparison of fat content, and taking into account the reference intake of fat and vitamin E, the french fries were generally a worse source of vitamin E than fat. The fried snack products were usually a better source of vitamin E than fat. In the both types of fried foods, the total content of tocochromanols was most influenced by the total content of fat. The content of α-tocopherol and the vitamin E content were mainly affected by the kind of fat (oil) used for frying.


This article concerns the psychological development and the evolution of the dream's content, during an analytic treatment. The dream's content analysis reflects the evolution of symbols in line with theoretical analytical issue, that manifest themselves during the treatment, thus revealing important insights for analyst, in the subject's symptoms and their meaning. This specific single case regards an older woman suffering from an eating disorder (bulimia), manifesting the first typical signs related to food intake, already in its developmental age (infancy and childhood,) and re-exacerbated in adulthood. This study enables the contemplation of the parallel psychic evolution, throughout the course of the analytic treatment, of the symptomatic signs and the associated symbols evolution, that comprise the patient's dream world activities. The analysis of the dream's evolution is an important indicator of the global course of psychother-apeutic treatment for patients.


A dual diagnosis client is a person with both a mental disorder and a developmental disability. Treatment of sexual problems in dual diagnosis clients has involved behavioral programming, counseling, social skills training and sex education. Case examples are presented to illustrate the application of these treatment modalities. Further research is advocated since the problems of dual diagnosis clients have not been sufficiently addressed. Clinicians must also be aware of oppressive social and institutional factors since they often impinge upon the clinical picture.


In the last decades concrete technology has made it easier to reach early strength, Rapid Hardened Concrete is one of the construction concretes used widely. The use of rapid hardened concrete is increased due to the possibility to limit the construction time. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of Rapid Hardened Concrete (RHC). Properties studied include compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural behavior. Mechanical properties were evaluated based on the compressive, tensile, and bend test results for both normal and rapid hardened concrete. The effect of admixture percentages (Sikament-nn) on hardening properties of rapid concrete was studied. The experimental investigation indicated that the flexural and compressive strength of concrete increased with the addition of Sikament-nn at the age of 1, 3, 7, and 28 days and the optimal percentage of Sikament-nn was 2%. In addition, test results show that rapid hardened concrete exhibit ductile failure and significant displacement before failure. The ultimate displacement of rapid hardened concrete was an increase more 50% than control RC beams.


From yellow petals of Blue Mahoe, besides the known flavonoids gossypetin
and gossypitrin, a new one gossypetin derivative was isolated from ethanolic
extracts after Soxhlet extraction. Hence, in this study, we present a
validated, sensitive and reliable NMR method for the simultaneous
identification of flavonoids in this flower drug. Structure analyses of this
flavonoid, revealed the identical glycoside moiety attached to a flavonol
skeleton like gossypitrin, for which the structure of gossypetin-3'-O-β-glucoside
was deduced from extensive NMR experiments.


The stationary applications of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell are described. The applications are divided into the combined heat and power generation for household energy supply (<10 kWel) and larger units (50–250 kW) for district energy supply, secure energy supply, and premium power supply. However, this chapter focuses on residential applications. The technical aspects of the whole fuel cell system are discussed with emphasis on this application, with its subsystems as the gas processing or the heat and water management system, together with the best operating conditions of the fuel cell and the questions of economy and ecology. The developers of PEM fuel cell systems in North America, Europe, and Japan are stated and the competing technologies based on Carnot processes are also shown. Finally the market expectations for the residential PEM fuel cell systems are discussed.

Keywords:

PEMFC;
stationary applications;
house energy supply;
residential energy supply;
combined heat and power generation;
secure energy supply;
premium power supply;
reforming;
economy;
ecology;
market


This article substantiates the urgency of studying the problem of forming the basis of student's informational culture in the educational area of Institutes of Higher Education and Colleges; opens the matter of concept "student's informational culture", describes the methods of its forming, and characterizes the criteria and Levels.


Research into Bedouin culture by predominantly male scholars has tended to rely on analysing nineteenth-century traveller accounts, Cartesian maps and documenting oral histories. Much less attention has been paid to the role of Bedouin women's handicrafts as a form of mapping and cultural knowledge production. In this article I reflect on the impact of commissioning an embroidered map of the Sinai during a British Academy/Leverhulme funded research project on Bedouin tribal borders and consider how collaborative engagements with traditional women's handicrafts can be used as a form of artistic research practice, historical analysis and community mapping.


As a visual feast, the sound and light images created by film viewing have different interpretation meanings for different levels of viewers.As the latest work directed by Li Xiaofeng, "calm sea" not only continues the framework of the previous crime film with the nature of the author's film, but also contains the spiritual core that the obsessive can only leave the scene, which is of farreaching significance.In this film, the protagonist and the outsider are in the unity of opposites, leading their own viewing behavior and self-examination under the peep of desire, and stripping the cocoon of visual images to reveal the source of pleasure obtained by the viewers from the perspective of desire.


We present ALMA 0.87 mm continuum, HCO+ J = 4–3 emission line, and CO J = 3–2 emission line data of the disk of material around the young, Sun-like star PDS 70. These data reveal the existence of a possible two-component transitional disk system with a radial dust gap of 0.″42 ± 0.″05, an azimuthal gap in the HCO+ J = 4–3 moment zero map, as well as two bridge-like features in the gas data. Interestingly these features in the gas disk have no analog in the dust disk making them of particular interest. We modeled the dust disk using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code HOCHUNK3D using a two-disk component. We find that there is a radial gap that extends from 15 to 60 au in all grain sizes, which differs from previous work.


This study examined learning outcomes for students who were enrolled in an introductory cooking course that used online taped videos. The study sample was composed of 206 students enrolled in online taped video classes and 184 enrolled in traditional live classes. The students in both groups received the same teaching instructions except for the demonstration delivery methods. A 2-way mixed design was used to test for significant differences in student performance between 2 instructional delivery methods (i.e., online taped video and live class demonstration) for both individual and team tasks. The results indicated that both delivery methods produced similar student performance levels when individual and team tasks were considered together. However, students taught by the online delivery method had better group performance than students taught by the traditional method. The findings suggest that the online delivery method should be utilized in culinary arts education; however, efforts to enhance group synergy could enhance group performance in educational environments that use this delivery method.


Pre-treatment HCV quasispecies complexity and diversity may predict response to interferon based anti-viral therapy. The objective of this study was to retrospectively (1) examine temporal changes in quasispecies prior to the start of therapy and (2) investigate extensively quasispecies evolution in a group of 10 chronically infected patients with genotype 3a, treated with pegylated α2a-Interferon and ribavirin. The degree of sequence heterogeneity within the hypervariable region 1 was assessed by analyzing 20–30 individual clones in serial serum samples. Genetic parameters, including amino acid Shannon entropy, Hamming distance and genetic distance were calculated for each sample. Treatment outcome was divided into (1) sustained virological responders (SVR) and (2) treatment failure (TF). Our results indicate, (1) quasispecies complexity and diversity are lower in the SVR group, (2) quasispecies vary temporally and (3) genetic heterogeneity at baseline can be use to predict treatment outcome. We discuss the results from the perspective of replicative homeostasis. Background The Hepatitis C virus (HCV), is the causative agent of chronic hepatitis C and infects at least 170 million individuals worldwide [1-3]. The virus has been classified into six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes based on sequence diversity [4-10]. The most important feature of HCV is that it causes chronic infection in about 50–80% of individuals [3,11-13]. The HCV genome exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity due to accumulation of mutations during viral replication, attributed to a limited fidelity of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase [14,15]. This phenomenon generates a dynamic population of heterogeneous but closely related variants designated as quasispecies [14-17]. The massive genetic heterogeneity present in quasispecies has important biological consequences and enables HCV to escape immune clearance and to establish chronic infection [1822]. Furthermore, the quasispecies distribution may influence the outcome of anti-viral therapy and be important in the development of resistance to anti-viral therapy [2327]. It is well established that HCV genotype influences Published: 9 July 2008 Virology Journal 2008, 5:78 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-78 Received: 19 May 2008 Accepted: 9 July 2008 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/78 © 2008 Moreau et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Virology Journal 2008, 5:78 http://www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/78


Objective To understand the HIV,syphilis and HCV infection status of male patients,female sex workers,drug abusers and pregnant women in Qiannan prefecture out-patients,so as to provide the basis for making effective intervention strategies. Methods Serological test was made for HIV,syphilis and HCV of male patients,female sex workers,drug abusers and pregnant women in Qiannan out-patients in 2012,to make a survey on the awareness of the AIDS-related knowledge. Results In the total detection of 4groups,2416people,the positive rate of HIV antibody was0.70%,the positive rate of syphilis antibody was 2.32%,the positive rate of HCV antibody was 12.79%.The positive rate of HIV antibody,syphilis antibody,HCV antibody was 0.25%,2.70%,and 0.49% in male patients,that was0.50%,0.62%,and 0.37%in female sex workers,that was 0.00%,0.25%,and 0.00%in pregnant women and that was1.49%,4.84%,and 37.72% in drug abusers.The awareness rate of knowledge about AIDS among male patients was26.80%,that was 37.66%among female sex workers,that was 38.46%among pregnant women and that was 38.46%among drug abusers(P 0.01).Condan use rate was 52.74%among female sex workers in the past month.The proportion of shared syringes was 9.43%among drug abusers in the past month.The rate of Intervention services was 85.41%among female sex workers,25.55%among male patients,59.93%among drug abusers. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV,syphilis,and HCV infection is higher among drug users,commercial sex workers and male out-patients in Qiannan prefecture,and the awareness rate on HIV/AIDS is lower.


This study proposes a new methodology for selecting the common operators for Software Defined Radios. It aims at optimizing resources use in the design of multi-standard SDR systems. A multi-standard SDR or reconfigurable radio system consists of software components that execute specific processing steps in a continuous flow. Their behavior can be changed by a reconfiguration procedure. In a common operator design, this change only requires an adjustment of certain parameters, which minimizes the reconfiguration overhead at run-time. In order to optimize the choice of those operators, the interrelationships among the various components of the system are represented in an oriented graph. The associated metrics and the cost function investigated to solve the optimization problem are presented. An illustration is given on an example , which even if not fully realistic, is sufficiently representative in its structure and orders of magnitude to provide useful insights. The optimization problem is solved by an heuristic based on simulated annealing and validated by comparison with an exhaustive search.


We find analytic continuous wave (cw) solutions for spinor Bose-Einstein condenates (BECs) in a magnetic field that are more general than those published to date. For particles with spin F=1 in a homogeneous one-dimensional trap, there exist cw states in which the chemical potential and wavevectors of the different spin components are different from each other. We include linear and quadratic Zeeman splitting. Linear Zeeman splitting, if the magnetic field is constant and uniform, can be mathematically eliminated by a gauge transformation, but quadratic Zeeman effects modify the cw solutions in a way similar to non-zero differences in the wavenumbers between the different spin states. The solutions are stable fixed points within the continuous wave framework, and the coherent spin mixing frequencies are obtained.