Abstract 2615 Since 1998, there have been many discoveries that bone marrow derived cells (BMDC) possess the ability to cross lineage barriers and differentiate into mature, non-hematopoietic cells of multiple tissues. In recent years, several studies demonstrated engraftment of BMDC as epithelial cells of the lung. One of the main unanswered questions is which population(s) of BMDC are responsible for this engraftment. Previous investigations reported a lack of marrow derived lung epithelial cells (MDLE) after transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (Thy1 lo LSK), while others found MDLE in the lungs of mice undergoing whole bone marrow transplantation. We therefore hypothesized that primitive, non-hematopoietic stem cells residing in the BM are the source of MDLE, and tested directly whether nonhematopoietic bone marrow derived cells have the capacity to engraft as epithelial cells of the lung. To test this hypothesis, we used Vav-cre transgenic mice, in which Cre recombinase is expressed uniquely within cells of the hematopoietic lineage, to determine which BM cell populations can engraft as surfactant protein C (SPC) expressing type 2 pneumocytes in surfactant-protein-C-null (SPC-KO) mice. Live hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic BM cells were separated by FACS-sorting based on expression of YFP in cells from ROSA-YFP/Vav-Cre mice that express YFP only in cells committed to the hematopoiesis. YFP positive (hematopoietic) or YFP negative (non-hematopoietic) cells were transplanted into irradiated SPC-KO mice. For transplant recipients of YFP negative cells, 1 million whole bone marrow cells from a recipient type SPC-KO mouse were cotransplanted to provide hematopoietic rescue following irradiation. MDLE were assessed by detection of alveolar type 2 cells expressing wild type SPC, which could only be derived from the donor cells in SPC-KO recipients. Methods of detection included confocal microscopic analysis of sorted CD45 negative lung cells and tissue sections stained for SPC and epithelial specific cytokeratin or TTF1 by immunofluorescence. In addition, isolated lung cells were stained in suspension and analyzed for donor derived type 2 cells by Imagestream technology for expression of SPC and cytokeratin. SPC positive type 2 cells were found in the lungs of 4 out of 6 mice receiving YFP negative , non-hematopoietic BM cells, with 1 out of 16,000 total nucleated cells expressing SPC on lung tissue sections. In contrast, donor derived SPC positive type 2 pneumocytes were exceedingly rare in mice receiving YFP positive , hematopoietic cells and were found in just 1 out of 9 mice, with only 1 out of 144,000 total nucleated cells being positive for SPC on tissue sections. These findings were confirmed by highly sensitive RT-PCR for wild type SPC mRNA. We conclude that the non-hematopoietic fraction of murine BM contains cells capable of engrafting as epithelial cells of the lung. Our data support the hypothesis of a primitive, pluripotent stem cell population residing in adult bone marrow. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The interaction of alizarin red S and bovine serum albumin was studied by UV spectra in pH4.35 buffer solution.The binding number(n =8) and binding constant (Kc= 1.5×105) o the probe and protein were obtained. The main sort of binding force was investigated. It was founc that the red shift of isosbestic point of the complex was 28nm and the sodium chloride concentration had significant effect on the binding reaction. The "Phase Distribution Model" is the proper description of the interaction between alizarin S and the protein.


study organized to cover the following topics: history and background, structure of the value added tax, economic effects and distri-80


The paper contains a general description plus the basic parameters of s Stand for the testing of bridges in Poland. The Stand makes possible the testing of natural scale bridge structures under static, dynamic and operational loads.


Endpoints are response variables, or outcomes, that are measured during the course of a clinical trial. I consider endpoints that are either events (e.g., death) or the time to an occurrence of an event (e.g., time to disease progression). A composite endpoint (CEP) is an endpoint that consists of a number of component endpoints, and is considered to have occurred as soon as any one of its components occurs. For example if CEP = death + disease progression, the CEP is said to have occurred as soon as either the disease progresses or the patient dies. It is seen that one of the results of using a CEP is to increase the event rate; and this in turn can reduce the sample size or the time required to observe a specified number of events, thereby resulting in a speedier, less costly clinical trial. Many believe that the only reason CEPs are ever employed is to this end, viz., saving money. I argue that there may be other circumstances that suggest the use of CEPs – that the choice of the primary response variable should be driven by the question the trial is being designed to answer.


Much of Adolf Grunbaum's work on psychoanalytic theory over the years has been concerned with causal claims. These can be claims either about the aetiology of psychic disorders or about the efficacy of various aspects of psychoanalytic treatment; and they can be either singular causal claims intended to describe a single individual, such as "Anna O's neurotic symptoms were cured by Breuer's inducement of cathartic recall," or generic claims meant to be true in general (what I call "causal laws"), like "The adult male disposition of castration anxiety is attributable to oedipal childhood events prior to age 6".


This research examines gender relations by focusing on womens work in an environmentally degraded area in southeastern Morocco where the nomadic population has been sedentarizing. Evidence from the literature suggests that as land becomes overused and privatized women often are left with no recourse other than walking further to gather the fuel with which to cook. The increased distance that women must walk to collect fuelwood for food preparation is assumed to have a negative impact on womens standards of living; however the findings of this study indicate that not all women are adversely affected by environmental degradation. Furthermore findings indicate that changes in fuel collection must be analyzed beyond physical implications of the additional labor. Although technologies that ease the burden of fuel collection may increase material wealth and decrease physical labor evidence from this research suggests that they can have negative effects on gender relations as women lose power over a once independent domain in their lives. (full text)


Background. Along with anemia and neutropenia, thrombocytopenia is a common hematological adverse effect of chemotherapy. Prolonged and severe thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding episodes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of thrombocytopenia among cancer patients on chemotherapy. Methods. Pooled data over the period 2000–07 from a large electronic database of 15 community and 3 hospital-based outpatient oncology clinics in the US was analyzed. For this analysis, adult patients with a cancer diagnosis were grouped as: lung, breast, ovarian, H&N, colorectal, other solid cancers, hematologic and mixed cancers. Chemotherapies used were grouped into platinum, anthracycline, gemcitabine, taxane-based and other regimens. Incidence of Thrombocytopenia (defined as Results. 47,159 patients [mean age 61, male 42%] who met inclusion criteria and 75,243 chemotherapy regimens were analyzed. Breast cancer patients constituted 19.5%, followed by NSCLC (14.9%), colorectal (11.9%), ovarian (3.1%), and H&N (2.5%). Platinum-based regimens accounted for 27.8% of all regimens. The incidence of post-chemo thrombocytopenia was highest among gemcitabine treated patients (64.2%), followed by platinum (55.5%). The lowest incidence was with taxane-based regimens (21.9%). Grade 3–4 ( Conclusions. Thrombocytopenia was relatively common in this large cohort of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A substantial proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia also had anemia.


Involvement of oxidative stress is implicated in the progression of complication of diabetes mellitus. With respect to heart diseases, we have studied role of oxidative stress/antioxidants using rats treated with streptozotocin to induce diabetes (DM). Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements showed thickening of the wall and an increase in the internal dimension of the left ventricle (LV) in DM rats at 8th week. Decrease in diastolic posterior wall velocity and rate of LV pressure change, and increase in LV end diastolic pressures also proved cardiac dysfunction. These changes were further developed in DM rats after 12 weeks. Utilizing rat hearts at 8th and 12th weeks, the following estimations were performed. There was a decrease in the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), suggesting abnormal mitochondrial metabolism of reactive oxygen species. The level of glutathione (GSH) decreased concomitant with a decrease in the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), known as a growth factor and a suppressor of GSH synthesis, elevated in DM rat hearts. Immunohistochemical estimation showed an increase in type IV collagen in DM hearts. Collectively, it was suggested a linkage between mitochondrial damage to generate reactive oxygen species and inactivation of Mn-SOD and elevation of the expression of TGF-β1 to lead suppression of GSH synthesis and induction of fibrous change for the consequent cardiac dysfunction in DM.


Received: December 28, 2017 Revised: February 23, 2018 Accepted: February 26, 2018 Abstract: Background: For centuries, steel rebar has been the primary reinforcement in concrete despite its major drawbacks, such as its heavy weight, high electrical conductivity, and corrosiveness. Thus, in response to the need for better alternatives, innovative Hybrid Composite (HC) reinforcements have been developed.


Past studies propose that attitudinal factors and perceived self-efficacy accounted for seniors' unwillingness to adopt technologies compared to their younger counterparts, particularly seniors with cognitive impairment (e.g., Gonzalez, Ramirez & Viadel, 2015). On the other hand, healthy seniors feel more positive and more confident in their ability to use technology after some training but not seniors with dementia (Wild et al., 2012). No studies have examined whether a specially-designed technological program for seniors with dementia would positively impact their responses to technology use. We investigated the attitudinal factors and interest in technology use in healthy and dementia seniors as part of a pilot computerized cognitive intervention program. Four cognitively healthy seniors (aged 72–78 years), and four seniors diagnosed with mild-to-moderate stages of dementia (aged 73–90 years) were recruited to participate in twelve training sessions where they play cognitive games on a touch-screen tablet over four weeks. Participants' attitudes towards technology were obtained before and after the program and affect was coded from recorded observations of the sessions. Healthy seniors reported more positive attitudes towards technology than seniors with dementia pre-program (Us<1.00, ps<.037) but the latter's attitudes improved such that differences were not found post-program. Additionally, for seniors with dementia, post-program attitudes was positively correlated with reported interests in continued usage of technology (rho=.949, p=.051). Levels of anxiety also decreased over the course of the program (16% to 0%), while interests in technology increased (52% to 78%). These findings suggest that specially-designed gerontechnology can positively affect seniors' outlook regarding technology use.


TXvo new species ofDiplobtp,um are described fhom Laos, bringing the number of species in the genus to four. Diplobr],um vientianense (n, sp.) resembles D. minutale in the foliose root and longitudinally split spathella. Diplobiyum kayamae (n. sp.) is simitar te D. ramosum in the long, rarnified, flower-bearing, floating reot. In root features D. kqyamae is also similar te some species of Flobtpleurum, The phylogeny ofthe diversified genus Diplobtp,um remains uncertain. Recent cellections and a cQmparison of Podostmaceae in Thailand and Laos indicate the necessity of further field research to better understand the flora and taxonomy ofthe family ofLaos. A list of the species of Laos Podostemaceae is provided,


This letter presents a modified Darlington-based (DB) class-C voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) topology which achieves a cooptimization of phase noise and figure of merit (FoM) in GaAs technology. Both the Darlington pair and noise shifting techniques are introduced to improve the phase noise in class-C VCOs. Balanced and differential architectures are used to absorb the strength of both the Colpitts and class-C VCO topology with a simple trick of two cascaded stages in the VCO core, which elevates the VCO driving capability with no degradation of power efficiency. In addition, the startup conditions and capacitive feedback factors are derived and compared in both mathematical and simulation manners, which proves the superiority of the topology. The proposed VCO is fabricated in a GaAs bipolar high electron mobility transistor (BiHEMT) technology which demonstrates a frequency range of 2.76–2.91 GHz with a current consumption of 9.5 mA at 5 V supply, a phase noise of −138.6 to −135.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier, an output power of −3.06 to −4.18 dBm, and a peak FoM of −191.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. To the best of the authors' expertise, the proposed DB class-C VCO achieves both exceptional phase noise and FoM, which far outweigh that of the existing GaAs.


Land management practices are known to influence runoff through alteration of the antecedent soil water. For
accurate estimation of runoff, direct measurement of antecedent soil water would be necessary. This study investigated
antecedent soil water and the potential for summer storm runoff under different land management practices. The two-year
study was conducted on five sites: three sites under forage (one on reclaimed mine lands), and two sites under pasture.
Treatments included haying, mowing, fallow, and moderate and heavy livestock grazing. Soil water was measured with a
neutron probe and was generally less than 50% of water holding capacity (dry conditions). During recharge periods,
water increased to near field capacity, but soil water was close to wilting point for some measurement dates. Pasture sites
were generally wetter than forage sites, with the difference being most pronounced on fallow treatments. The reclaimed
site had generally lower total soil water than the unmined ones.


Buto Birowo is a form of performing art coming from rural area. The proponents tend to have homogeneous livelihood, education level, and social-economic status. As a performing art, it is a part of social practice undertaken by Lencoh people that accomodates the relation between modern, traditional, Islamic, and spiritual values. In Buto Birowo performance, the relation between actors and spectators occurs not only on the stage, but also in the activities related to the preparation of show, the collection of fund for purchasing costumes, the preparation of consumption for practicing activities, etc.Buto Birowo alsoimplies the religious and cultural dialectic process occuring naturally and intensely within community, particularly in Javanese rural people. This research used a qualitative research method with constructive-critical approach. This methodis implemented to construct knowledge based on Lencoh people's thought in their participation in initiating the performing art. As a big cultural space, Lencoh Hamlet also consists of partial spaces encircled by agent activities and movements. In the context of Buto Birowo performing art, the agents move in the domains or spaces where the Buto Birowo performing art practice is created. The agents are holding a meeting to discuss the show, the practice to prepare the show is conducted in Art Association domain, while the Buto Birowo performing art show is held in Lencoh Hamlet domain publicly.The use of Boal's theory in this research is not an sich spectator involved on the stage or performance venue, but involved in the process of initiating performance and the social context underlying the text of Buto Birowo performance.


— The 3D Printing Global Market is growing at a very fast pace and is projected to expand even further in a Next few years. The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an Additive manufacturing process that belongs to the material extrusion family. In FDM an object is built by selectively depositing melted material is extruded through a nozzle and deposed layer wise on a heated table. The material used are thermoplastic polymers and come in a filament form and it is Biodegradable. It is a tool less manufacturing method, it is a high precision & less cost process for making objects. 3D Printers are machine that produce physical 3D model from digital data by printing layer by layer. It can make physical model of objects designed with CAD Program. 3D printer work on G-code (Geometric code) Using G-code a Computer tells a printer when, where how to move and how much to Extrude throughout the entire print process. Keywords—3D Printer, Arduino, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Additive Process, G-code (Geometric code)


Liquid Fe-light element alloys are likely present in the Earth's outer core and the cores (or outer cores) of other terrestrial planets such as Moon, Mercury, and Mars, suggested by geophysical and geochemical observations. In order to determine the abundances of light elements and their effects on the structure, dynamics, and evolution of planetary cores, it is crucial to determine the equation of state for Fe-light element alloying liquids under core conditions. However, density data on liquid Fe-light element alloys at core pressures are very limited and no sound velocity or bulk modulus data are available for these liquids at high pressures. This makes it difficult to extrapolate the equation of state to core pressures. As a result, density data on solid Fe alloys are often used in the literature to compare with seismological observations by making rough corrections for the volume of melting. In this study, we determine the density and sound velocity for Fe-S liquids with different sulfur contents at high pressure and temperature conditions up to 8 GPa and 2173 K using synchrotron X-ray techniques.


The safety criterion imposed on nuclear power plants is much more stringent than for conventional power plants. In fact, no failure whatsoever is considered permissible for reactors or for protective deviccs for reactors. The controls and instrumentation for a BWR-type nuclear power plant are described with specific reference to the control equipment for the Shimane Nuclear Power Station, Chugoku Electric Power Co. Quality control at the power plant is also discussed. (auth)


Push-Assets is a header field that provides the necessary client state
in order for servers to utilize HTTP/2 Server Push with confidence in
knowing what resources SHOULD or SHOULD NOT be sent, reducing waste,
and ultimately providing an improved user experience. This document
will provide an overview of Push-Assets requirements, and describes
any implementation concerns.


*Correspondence to: Jean-Michel Escoffre, Justin Teissie, CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com We read with interest the article by Maucksch et al. [1], who analysed transgene expression of transfected supercoiled 4.7 kb monomeric and 9.4 kb dimeric plasmid concatemer in Jurkat T cells using electroporation. The authors reported that the relative number of electrotransferred gene copies per nucleus and plasmid expression efficiency, respectively, were 1.6and 3.5-fold higher for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-dimer than for EGFP-monomer. However, the transfection rates considering the number of transfected cells were significantly lower for EGFP-dimer than for EGFPmonomer. Their conclusions were that more dimers were introduced in fewer cells. The relative number of gene copies introduced in the different cellular compartments (cytoplasm and nucleus) was evaluated using a fluorescence approach, which we described some years ago [2]. This took advantage of the spontaneous binding of TOTO dyes to DNA. Therefore, Maucksch et al. [1] have used noncovalent markers (SYTO-13 and TOTO-1) to determine the biodistribution of plasmids into the cells after electroporation. TOTO is virtually nonfluorescent in solution, but forms highly fluorescent complexes with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), up to a maximum dye to DNA bp ratio of 1 : 4, with a 1000-fold fluorescence enhancement. The dsDNA–TOTO complexes are completely stable to electrophoresis on agarose and acrylamide gels [3]. However, TOTO-1 is a dye capable of bisintercalation, although it interacts with dsDNA and ssDNA with a similar high affinity. Binding of the dye partially unwinds the DNA by distorting and elongating the helix. An external binding mode, where the dipole of the dye molecule is aligned with the DNA grooves, may be more important. TOTO-1 dye will bind to almost any sequence in dsDNA. TOTO binding with DNA is an equilibrium, where the dye can unbind if free DNA is added (i.e. equilibrium displacement) [4]. This is indeed the case when plasmids bearing TOTO enter in the cytoplasm where free DNA is present. Furthermore, TOTO can freely leak from the cytoplasm to the nucleus (where, again, free DNA is present) in a way similar to that reported for propidium iodide [4]. TOTO labelling DNA comprises a good tool for assaying the early steps of DNA entry into cells but cannot be used to investigate the process over a long period time. If this method is used to detect plasmid/membrane interaction (Figure 1), this approach is not adapted to study the intracellular traffic of plasmid. Indeed, in living or fixed cells, the fluorescent marker can dissociate from plasmid and label intracellular nucleic acids. This comprises the traffic of TOTO. Consequently, the visualization and quantification of plasmid biodistribution into cells can be biased. In our studies, to eliminate these artefacts, we used a dye covalently bound to the plasmid after checking that the level of protein expression was not affected. Indeed, we used the covalently rhodamine-labelled plasmid (pGeneGrip; Gene Therapy Systems, San Diego, CA, USA) to observe the cell traffic of fluorescent-labelled plasmid after electroporation [2]. Golzio et al. [2] demonstrated that this plasmid/membrane interaction is one of the key steps for obtaining gene expression. During the application


Coatings have always been spearheading technology developments, as they have to function faultlessly in very demanding conditions. Coatings for use on spacecraft and launch vehicle launch environments offer technological challenges beyond the normal boundaries of most coatings service environments. Among all the space environments, the most treacherous is that of the launch environment. To ensure the success of space missions, NASA must rely on the best materials available, and that very much includes coatings. What kind of technology can meet those challenges? What is expected of coatings manufacturers wanting to join the space race? What insights can the whole industry gain? Luz Marina Calle will present an overview of corrosion protective coatings at NASA.


Considering Dung's argumentation framework and semantics, we are interested in the problem which consists in deciding whether a set of arguments is acceptable under a given semantics. We look at three approaches. The first one consists in testing whether the set satisfies an equation; In particular, we look at the equations presented in (Dung 1995; Besnard & Doutre 2004). The second approach consists in testing whether the set is a model of a propositional formula and the third one consists in testing the satisfiability of a propositional formula. Introduction Argumentation is a reasoning model which amounts to building and evaluating arguments, generally conflicting. Dung's argumentation framework ((Dung 1995)) constitutes an adequate formal framework to study this reasoning model. Its abstract structure makes it possible to unify many other approaches proposed for argumentation on the one hand (see (Prakken & Vreeswijk 2002) for a synthesis of these approaches) and formalisms modelling nonmonotonic reasoning on the other hand (see (Bondarenko et al. 1997; Doutre 2002)). From a set of arguments and a binary relation between arguments representing the notion of a conflict, arguments are evaluated in order to determine the most acceptable ones. Among the semantics given to acceptability, those of Dung define sets of arguments jointly acceptable called extensions. Algorithms to compute extensions are presented in (Doutre & Mengin 2001). The credulous decision problem (does an argument belong to at least one extension?) and the skeptical one (does a given argument belong to any extension?) associated to each semantics are studied in various works: Algorithms to answer these problems are presented in (Cayrol, Doutre, & Mengin 2003), dialectical proof procedures are introduced in (Jakobovits & Vermeir 1999; Vreeswijk & Prakken 2000; Cayrol, Doutre, & Mengin 2003) and algorithms computing some of these proof procedures are established in (Cayrol, Doutre, & Mengin 2003). In this article, we are interested in the problem which consists in deciding whether a set is an extension of a given semantics. For his well-known stable semantics, Dung answers this problem by giving in (Dung 1995) a simple equation that a set satisfies if and only if it is a stable extension. Equations of this kind for two other semantics and new equations for the stable semantics are established in (Besnard & Doutre 2004); These equations aim at exhibiting the sameness of the various notions of an extension as introduced by Dung. We are going to briefly study if some of them could be efficient to check if a set is an extension under a given semantics. Then, to answer the problem at hand, we will turn to another technique already considered in other formalisms used to represent knowledge: it consists in associating to the formalism a formula in propositional logic whose models correspond to the acceptable sets of the formalism. For example, in (Ben-Eliyahu & Dechter 1996) a formula of propositional logic is given whose models correspond to the extensions of a default theory. A similar correspondence is established for circumscription in (Gelfond, Przymusinska, & Przymusinski 1989) and for disjunctive logic programs in (Ben-Eliyahu & Dechter 1994). In the same way, we attempt to associate to an argument system a propositional formula whose models correspond to the extensions under a given semantics. For the stable semantics, the work of (Creignou 1995) completed in graph theory can be used. Notice that in (Dung 1995) a logic program is associated to an argument system and that the stable models of this logic program correspond to the stable extensions of the argument system; A translation of this logic program into propositional logic would associate to the argument system a propositional formula whose models would be the stable extensions of the system. This association is in two steps and could lead to formulas containing more informations than necessary; In this article we want to make such an association directly from a Dung argument system. Exploiting again propositional logic, we will study a third way to check if a set is an extension. This way consists in associating to the set a propositional formula which is satisfiable if and only if the set is an extension of the considered semantics. This method and the previous one would make possible the use of existing constraint satisfaction and satisfiability techniques possible for argumentation. This article presents preliminary ideas in each of the three approaches explicited above. The outline of the paper is as follows: In the next section we present Dung's argumentation framework and semantics. In the section "Equation checking", we study the equations characterizing extensions established in (Dung 1995; Besnard & Doutre 2004) to decide if a set is an extension of a given semantics. In the section "Model checking", we show how to associate to an argument system a propositional formula such that the models of the formula correspond to the extensions of the system under a given semantics. In the section "Satisfiability checking", we attempt to associate to the set which one wants to know if it is acceptable a propositional formula satisfiable if and only if the set is acceptable. Argumentation and extensions The argument system defined by Dung in (Dung 1995) is an abstract system in which arguments and conflicts between arguments are primitives. Definition 1 (Dung 1995) An argument system is a pair (A,R) where A is a set of arguments and R is a binary relation over A which represents a notion of attack between arguments (R ⊆ A × A). Given two arguments a and b, (a, b) ∈ R or equivalently aRb, means that a attacks b or that a is an attacker of b. A set of arguments S attacks an argument a if a is attacked by an argument of S. A set of arguments S attacks a set of arguments S ′ if there is an argument a ∈ S which attacks an argument b ∈ S . In all the definitions and notations which follow, we assume that an argument system (A,R) is given. An argument system can be represented in a very simple way by a directed graph whose vertices are the arguments and edges correspond to the elements of R. Dung gave several semantics to acceptability. These various semantics produce none, one or several acceptable sets of arguments, called extensions. One of these semantics, the stable semantics, is only defined via the notion of an attack: Definition 2 (Dung 1995) A set S ⊆ A is conflict-free iff it does not exist two arguments a and b in S such that a attacks b. A conflict-free set S ⊆ A is a stable extension iff for each argument which is not in S, there exists an argument in S that attacks it. The other semantics for acceptability rely upon the concept of defense: Definition 3 An argument a is defended by a set S ⊆ A (or S defends a) iff for any argument b ∈ A, if b attacks a then S attacks b. An acceptable set of arguments according to Dung must be a conflict-free set which defends all its elements. Formally: Definition 4 (Dung 1995) A conflict-free set S ⊆ A is admissible iff each argument in S is defended by S. Even if the definition of a stable extension does not rely upon the notion of defense, a stable extension is an admissible set. Admissibility has an advantage over stable semantics: given an argument system, there need not be any stable extension but there always exists at least one admissible set (the empty set is always admissible). A drawback of admissibility is that an argument system may have a large number of admissible sets. This is why other notions of acceptability which select only some admissible sets were introduced. Besides the stable semantics, three semantics refining admissibility have been introduced by Dung: Definition 5 (Dung 1995) A preferred extension is a maximal (wrt set inclusion) admissible subset of A. An admissible S ⊆ A is a complete extension iff each argument which is defended by S is in S. The least (wrt set inclusion) complete extension is the grounded extension. Notice that a stable extension is also a preferred extension and a preferred extension is also a complete extension. Stable, preferred and complete semantics admit multiple extensions whereas the grounded semantics ascribes a single extension to a given argument system. Deciding if a set is a stable extension or an admissible set can be computed in polynomial time, but deciding if a set is a preferred extension is a CO-NP-complete problem. These results of complexity were given in (Dimopoulos & Torres 1996) in the context of graph theory; given that the concepts of kernel, semi-kernel and maximum semi-kernel correspond respectively to the concepts of stable extension, admissible set and preferred extension (see (Dunne & BenchCapon 2002; Doutre 2002)), these results are transposable to argumentation. Example 1 Let (A,R) be the argument system such that A = {a, b, c, d, e} and R = {(a, b), (c, b), (c, d), (d, c), (d, e), (e, e)}. The graph representation of (A,R) is the following:


To the Editor: Acute leukemia is the most common cause of cancer death in young people aged less than 20 years.1 Despite substantial progress in the primary therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),2 outcomes after relapse have changed little over the past 20 years.3 With multiagent chemotherapy, complete remission rates in second and subsequent relapse cluster around 40%, both in the literature4 and in the experience of members of the Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia (TACL) consortium.5 We have asserted that candidate regimens must surpass this level of activity to merit further interest.4 ABT-751 is an oral, sulfonamide microtubular poison that attaches to the colchicine-binding site of b-tubulin. ABT-751 is less vulnerable to overexpression of P-glycoprotein compared with vincristine and provides an opportunity to continuous, multiweek exposure.6,7 Activity had been noted in vincristine-resistant neuroblastoma xenografts.8 Yee and colleagues explored single-agent ABT-751 in adult acute leukemia and recommended a phase II dose of 175mg/m/d 21 days every 4 weeks. One complete response (CR) is reported for 32 patients.9 A dose of 100mg/m/d 21 days every 4 weeks has been found tolerable in children with solid tumors. Dose-limiting toxicities included fatigue, sensory neuropathy, transient hypertension, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, abdominal pain, and constipation.10 The TACL consortium initiated a phase I/II trial for young people with ALL in relapse, which included a treatment dose of ABT-751 daily 21 days (replacing vincristine) along with standard doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and pegylated asparaginase (Table 1). Our starting ABT-751 dose was 80mg/m/d. Five patients were entered and 2 had dose-limiting toxicity, namely, infectious death and severe ileus. The dose was reduced to 65mg/m/d as provided in the protocol and 4 additional patients, 2 in the first relapse after brief initial remissions and 2 in the third relapse, enrolled with no further dose-limiting toxicities. In total, 9 patients were enrolled (aged 2.5 to 20.8 y; 5 boys and 4 girls) (Table 2). All patients had previously received vincristine, dexamethasone, dauomycin, and asparaginase. Two of 3 patients in first relapse achieved CR, 1 with partial neutrophil recovery (platelets 85,000/mL, ANC 440/mL) (CRi). Six patients in second or subsequent relapse yielded 1 CR and 1 CRi. An additional patient obtained a complete marrow response with persistent extramedullary disease (uterus) (no response). Given the unexceptional response rate in our study and a dose <40% of the recommended singleagent phase II dose, interest waned and we suspended the study. Although ultimate outcomes remain poor after marrow relapse,3 multiple regimens yield remission induction rates in second and subsequent relapse that cluster around 40% in the literature4 and in TACL experience.5 We obtained only 1 CR and 1 CRi among 6 patients in second or subsequent relapse with doxorubicin, pegylated asparaginase, dexamethasone, and ABT-751 at or above the maximal tolerated dose. We conclude that ABT-751 is unlikely to be of further interest in this combination in childhood ALL. ABT751 has activity similar to that of other agents approved for second-line use in adult non–small cell lung cancer.11 ABT-751 failed to show appreciable objective responses in pediatric neuroblastoma. No CR or CRi were obtained in 45 patients.12 Early recognition of agents with lesser activity is crucial to focusing future efforts productively. Because of absence of identification of a subset of childhood cancers with sensitivity to ABT-751 or of a compelling rationale for inclusion in novel combination chemotherapy, it appears unlikely that ABT-751 will be useful in the treatment of children with malignant


The characterization and optimization of Penning ion sources has often been an engineering issue, without much focus on the plasma physics within due to the time-scales and complexity required in simulating these sources with Particle-in-cell codes. Yet understanding how the properties of the plasma changes with varying operational parameters, and then correlating it to output beam characteristics, may be key in optimizing the particle beams produced. A Penning ion source in cold cathode mode is simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics plasma module to observe how the plasma properties react to variations in the ion source parameters. A 1-D simulation is made with approximations to improve upon the drift-diffusion equations in the high voltage sheath, in addition to a 2-D axi-symmetric model run with input flux approximations to avoid the sheath. Various diffusion and mobility coefficients for classical and anomalous particle transport perpendicular to the magnetic field are used to see the effects on the model. These simulations are compared with an optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic used to measure the electron density and temperature within the Penning ion source. It is shown that trends in electron density are always consistent with the measurements, but trends in electron temperature do not match for arc voltage variations, likely due to the simplification of the electron kinetics.


BACKGROUND
Medication errors are considered to be a serious threat to patients' safety. Efforts to detect and prevent these errors have increased considerably in recent years.

AIM
To determine the incidence and reporting rate of medication errors as reported by Iranian nurses and their relationship with work conditions in hospitals under the authority of Iran University of Medical Sciences.

METHODS
This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in six hospitals. Through a stratified multiple stage sampling, 300 nurses were selected. A researcher-constructed, three-part, self-report questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the nurses' medication errors, medication error reports and their perceived working conditions during the previous 3 months. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.

FINDINGS
The mean of medication errors that nurses recalled was 19.5, and the mean of error reporting was 1.3 cases during the previous 3 months. The relationship between error incidence and work conditions as perceived by nurses was statistically significant (df = 3, P ≤ 0.0001); however, there was no significant relationship between reporting the occurred error and nurses' perceived work conditions (df = 3, P ≤ 0.255).

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The establishment of an efficient reporting system, documentation of errors and removal of obstacles to reporting may result in reduced frequency of medication errors. Considering the relationship between medication error incidence and working conditions, it seems that creating a work condition in which nurses feel more comfortable and decreasing work tensions may pave the way to preventing nursing errors.


The yeast Schizosacchromyces pombe has been shown to contain a microsomal cytochrome P‐450 (cyt. P‐450) inducible under conditions of glucose repression. Under these conditions the enzyme has maximal expression of 0.43 nmol g−1 wet wt at the end of the exponential phase of growth. Substrate and inhibitor affinity was examined using studies of spectral changes on binding and revealed a type II spectrum with ketoconazole (Ks = 23 μM) and a type I spectrum with benzo(a)pyrene (Ks = 77 μM). A Km of 112 μM was found in the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylas assay. These properties show broad comparability with the cyt. P‐450 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


In signal analysis techniques their time-frequency localisation properties are an important consideration. This paper presents another definition of time-frequency resolution. It introduces a class of causal windows, called /spl Gamma/, and gives their basic properties. A comparison of these and the well-known windows in terms of their time-frequency resolution properties is given. It is concluded that the /spl Gamma/ window has a good time-frequency resolution.


Recently developed high operating temperature (up to 330 K) GaAs/AlGaAs detectors responding in the 3-5 μm wavelength range and based on split-off (SO) transitions followed by escape by scattering to the light/heavy hole(LH/HH) band or by direct quantum mixing of the states offer a viable alternative to present day detectors operating at cryogenic temperatures. This paper presents a theoretical model to predict the response of SO detectors. The model calculates the dark current and illuminated currents from the photoabsorption, carrier escape, and transport, explaining the experimental response. Using this model, different strategies to improve the performance of the GaAs based SO detectors are presented. A graded barrier improves the performance by reducing the space charge build up, and the double barrier resonant structure by enhanced escape of holes from the SO to the light/heavy hole bands by bringing the two bands into resonance. A detailed analysis of the effect of detector parameters on responsivity and D* is made. The change of material system to GaN/AlGaN should extend the response to longer wavelengths (THz) as its zinc blende and wurtzite crystal structures have SO transition energies of 20meV and 8meV respectively. Experimental measurement of SO absorption in GaN and potential THz detector designs are discussed.


The Cervical Dystonia describes the dystonic hyperactivity of the neck musculature that originates abnormal postures of the head. Among the possible causes that causes this pathology has to do with a dysfunction of information neurotransmission at the level of the basal ganglia and an abnormal activation of the cortical areas. This pathology is more affected in women than in men, with an age period of 40 and 50 years. At the moment there are no specific guidelines for clinical diagnosis that differentiate Cervical Dystonia from other cervical disorders. The treatment is fundamentally based on the application of botulinum toxin, but complementary physiotherapy treatment can be taken, which includes exercises, strengthening and postural control. Pharmacological treatment is also used and in the worst cases surgical treatment.


Among the growth of computer's capacity, Deep Learning's popularity has not stopped increasing. This has allowed to obtain state of the art results in fields like Computer Vision with supervised training models (ImageNet Challenge). However, these results imply a large cost in terms of resources and time, needing a large number of labelled images to work effectively. This degree thesis pretends to accelerate this process on a real environment, Sadako Technologies, a company fully dedicated to neural networks development for trash classification on recycling plants. To do so, each phase of the known as 'Iterative process' has been analysed, with the aim of reducing the overall time and optimize it. This process starts with new images arrival and goes through all tasks until a final neural network is deployed to a recycling plant.


Comparative study on the male external genitalia of eight species in three genera of Melanostomini, Melanostoma orientale, M. mellinum, M. scalare, M. tiantaiensis, Platycheirus albimanus, P. bidentatus, P. scutatus, Xanthandrus comtus(Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae), are male. The results show that structures of the male external genitalia of different species in the same genus are similar, but there are still a few among differences in the colour of the genitalia and the shap of aedeagus base. The structures of the male external genitalia are variable distinctly to different genera, especially the shap of the styles and superior lobe.


With the deepening higher education reform,it has been greatly concerned that the industrialization of education has been irreversible.Education especially higher education is an industry and it is a new increasing point that promotes the development of local economy and it is a strategic meaning to quicken the development higher education industry of Dandong city.


In this article, the author starts from the notion that the frontier between Castile and Granada was, above all, a war front where military actions sometimes acquired the characteristics of an open war with great military operations. Some other times, the conflict was reduced to low intensity predatory actions and surprise attacks against some small strongholds. From this double dimension of war stemmed the cavalry raid and acquired its importance as an essential strategic and tactical instrument. From this point of view, the author analyses how the cavalry raid was the main ingredient of the war routine. For the Castilians, it was a very effective wearing element within a general strategic plan whose ultimate and non hidden purpose was the defeat and occupation of the Emirate. For the weakening Moslems, the plundering raids on the Christian frontier were almost the only means to drive the hostilities against their adversdaries in Andalucia and Murcia.


Surfactant micelle should typically be regarded as a small system characterized by non linear homogeneity of the thermodynamic functions. Aqueous micellar solutions of single component ionic surfactant with an electrolyte added have been treated by the small system thermodynamics. The functional form of chemical potential μM of interacting micelles in solution has been determined. The aggregation number distribution and the mean degree of counterion binding β of ionic micelles are discussed in detail, in which the condition to make β constant at given T and P is obtained. Corrin-Harkins equation and its linearity have theoretically been discussed in relation to the definitions of critical micelle concentration. The gradient of linear Corrin-Harkins plot can to good approximation presume the value of β of micelles in solutions at concentrations higher than CMC as well as at CMC.


Whilst the Neoliberal alludes to an array of very real material practices and axioms of contemporary capitalism, the concept of Neoliberalism itself has arguably become moribund. Worse, perhaps it has become an asphyxiating and enervating monolith, a 'ptolemization' from which our critical thinking cannot escape. The key strategy of the article is to explore the Neoliberalism concept as a 'mode of telling', and how the constitutive moments of that concept have been discursively constructed into a hegemonic discursive formation. Whilst the resultant paradigm of Neoliberalism has ironically been constituted out of the identity-thinking and the synthetic historicizing of its very critics, the article searches for alternative avenues of reconstitutive deconstruction, so as to offer both critical optimism and a more effective means of struggle against the material practices of contemporary capitalism. To this end, I shall indicate how overdetermination in conceptualization provides the opportunity to break down identity-thinking and how articulation can translate the material elements of contemporary capitalism into fresh moments of a counter-hegemonic discourse.


Background: Immunization is the single most costeffective preventive health intervention which saves the lives of 2 -3 million children annually. Theunsatisfactory immunization coverage numbers have unsurprisingly resulted in abysmal child mortality figures across the country.  This study aims to assess mother's knowledge and immunization utilization among underfives in an urban community.
Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 232 mothers of under- five children in an urban community in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the survey tool for data collection and a checklist for sighted immunization cards. The entry and analysis of the data was done using EPI – Info Version 18.104.22.168 software computer program. Chi square was used to test association. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: All respondents were aware of immunization. Just over half (53.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge about immunization. Less than half (42.5%) of the under-five children were fully immunized. The vaccines most missed were oral polio and pentavalent vaccines. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and the immunization status of their children (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that mothers with good knowledge of different aspects of immunization were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. It is recommended that health workers enlighten mothers on the benefit of each vaccine.
Key words: Immunization, Underfive, Utilization, Vaccination, Knowledge


The question of exposure to short-term peak concentrations of SO/sub 2/ raised a number of difficult analytic issues or problems. The characterization of air quality posed a number of problems. Since it was known that these peaks occur primarily around point sources it was decided that modeled air quality data would provide a better characterization of the spatial and temporal variations than data obtained from ambient monitors. However, it was also known that emissions of SO/sub 2/ from a point source can vary considerably with time. The question of exposures was made difficult by the averaging period of concern (1-hour) and by the need to focus on a relatively small sensitive population (exercising asthmatics). The methodology used and described below contains a number of interesting features. Modeled data around a number of large point sources, utility power plants, were used. The expected exceedances (EXEX) method made it possible to examine the probability that 0.5 ppm one-hour SO/sub 2/ was exceeded for a given hour at a given receptor. The calculation of the probability of exceeding 0.5 ppm made it possible to simplify the exposure estimation. In place of estimating all hourly exposures a decision was made to focus on ''exposuresmore » of concern''.« less


Eight extractants: Bray's P-1 (0.03N NH4F + 0.025N HCl), Bray's P-1 + 0.01M EDTA, Bray's P-1 + 0.005M DPTA, Bray's P-1 + 0.01M EDTA, AHDF (0.1N NH4F.HF), AHDF + 0.005M DPTA, Modified Olsen's 0.5M NaHCO3 + 0.01M EDTA, Modified Olsen's 0.5M NaHCO3 + 0.005M DPTA and 1.0N NH4OAc (pH 7.0) were evaluated for predicting the availability of plant nutrients in thirty surface (0-15cm) soil samples collected from smallholder farmers' plots in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The minus-one nutrient technique was used for maize grown in the greenhouse for 28 days and regression analyses carried out between amounts of nutrients determined with the extractants and uptake of respective nutrients. Correlation coefficients show that Bray's P-1 and AHDF, with or without chelates, and modified 0.5MNaHCO3 can be used to assess available P and exchangeable K in the soils but not exchangeable Mg. The correlation coefficients of Bray's P-1 + DPTA and 0.5MNaHCO3 + 0.01MEDTA with P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn uptake were significant and so meet one of the criteria for selecting them multipurpose extractants. The need to remove the dark colour from extracts would make the alkaline 0.5MNaHCO3 extractant less suitable for a rapid routine analytical procedure.


Coral outplanting is a potential method for restoring coral cover in degraded reefs. Rapid coral self‐attachment is key to successful outplanting. Although many technical details have been noted during coral outplanting, it remains unclear how nail type and coral orientation affect the outplanting success. To test the effect of nails and coral orientations on outplanted Acropora intermedia corals over 8 months in Luhuitou Reef, China, three nails (normal, cross, and eta) were selected based on their ability to limit coral movement and combined with two axial corallite orientations (upright and upside‐down). Survival, growth, and especially coral tissue growth on nails or substrates were monitored during the experiment. The survival, partial tissue mortality, and growth showed no significant difference between treatments. However, the ratio of normal nail self‐attachment to the reef substrate was significantly lower than with eta nails. Self‐attachment to the substrate of the upside‐down group was significantly higher than in the upright group. The results have suggested eta nails and upside‐down orientation are most favorable for coral self‐attachment. The sea cucumber Ocnus sanya outbreak at one experiment site gave us the opportunity to study the effects of species interactions on outplanted corals, showing that O. sanya may increase coral tissue mortality by staying at the corals' base and reducing their self‐attachment to the reef. These findings highlight the importance of considering nail type, coral orientation, and substrate biological competition on coral self‐attachment during outplanting.


We are reporting on the latest growth and scintillating properties of a recently discovered intrinsic scintillating compound with the K2PtCl6 simple cubic crystal structure: the Cs-based Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) and Cs2HfCl4Br2 (CHCB), both with the density of 3.9 g/cm3, as well as the Tl-based Tl2HfCl6 (THC) and Tl2ZrCl6 (TZC). This article presents a successfully developed process of growing crack-free, single crystals of 16 mm diameter to 1-in-diameter CHC by the Bridgman method. The energy resolution of 2.8% [full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)] at 662 keV has been obtained for small diameters and typical 3.5% (FWHM) at 662 keV has been obtained for 1 in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in CHC. The light yield of 30 000 ph/MeV and the 3.8-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> primary decay time have been measured for CHC. CHC's excellent linear response to gamma rays compared to those of NaI:Tl and BGO is also reported. The mixed-halides CHC-based compound CHCB performs with a shorter primary decay time of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.8~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Introducing Tl, a heavier element than Cs, increases both Zeff and density of THC and TZC, and improves gamma-ray detection efficiency. Primary decay times are also reduced to about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for THC and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for TZC.


S. Kaiser,1,* C. R. Hunt,1,4 D. Nicoletti,1 W. Hu,1 I. Gierz,1 H. Y. Liu,1 M. Le Tacon,2 T. Loew,2 D. Haug,2 B. Keimer,2 and A. Cavalleri1,3,† 1Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany 2Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany 3Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom 4Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (Received 18 March 2014; revised manuscript received 25 April 2014; published 30 May 2014)


This program, using the lBM 650 electronic data processing machine, is used primarily as a tool in order to prepare input data for an lBM 704 code ATBAC. The code calculates steady state thermal characteris tics of a plate type fuel element for both a nominal and adverse chanael. (auth)


The concentrations of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the blood serum of patients with malignant tumor and other diseases were investigated and the following results were obtained: 1) In normal man, alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood has a higher value than that of acid phosphatase. 2) It was discovered that the concentration of serum acid phosphatase in patients with malignant tumor in the serum was greater than those with non-malignant tumor, but the value of alkaline phosphatase showed little variation in both diseases. 3) The increase of acid phosphatase content in the blood of malignant tumor was greatest when urogenital diseases was combined with it. Diseases of the rectum, colon and skeletal bones also showed higher concentrations of phosphatase than the usual value. When comparing the previous three the first two showed a higher value than the Iatter, 4) In case of obstructive jaundice, alkaline phosphatase content showed a higher increase than in parenchymal jaundice. These results observed in clinical cases agreed with experimetal ones gotten from rabbits and dogs suffering from liver diseases such as obstructive or parenchymal jaundice.


Due to the diverse structures and broad functions of terpenes, microbial biosynthesis of these compounds has been favored as a sustainable alternative beside phytoextraction and chemosynthesis. Here, systematic metabolic engineering...


Abstract It is challenging for economics major programs to support an undergraduate research capstone where the goal is for all majors to complete a research project that creates new knowledge. Our program has found a way to achieve this for all of our majors in the face of resource constraints and varying student skill levels, and has done this without requiring econometrics or a research methods class or sacrificing quality. Our method includes having assignments that require students to use peer-reviewed economics journal articles in most upper-level economic elective courses. We describe our method and "capstone prep" assignment variants, and, using regression analysis on a data set of undergraduate economics majors from 2007 through 2018, find that particular assignments appear to significantly improve capstone outcomes.


Student s atisfaction and s tudent l oyalty are important factors in business education . This research was conducted with the goal to test and analyze the influence of c orporate i mage, s ervice q uality and p erceived v alue on s tudent s atisfaction and s tudent l oyalty. The object of the sample is students of the E conomic s and B usiness F aculty of Trisakti University as many as 150 respondents and the analysis was done by using the method of Structural Equaton Model (SEM) producing conclusion that the c orporate i mage, s ervice q uality and p erceived v alue proved to be positive and significantly influential upon s tudent s atisfaction and s ervice q uality also proved to have a positive ly significant effect on s tudent l oyalty. There is a hypothesis that student satisfaction is not proven positive ly influenc ial upon s tudent l oyalty.


We expose the Schrodinger quantum mechanics with traditional applications to Hydrogen atom: the calculation of the Hydrogen atom spectrum via Schrodinger, Pauli and Dirac equations, the Heisen- berg representation, the selection rules, the calculation of quantum and classical scattering of light (Thomson cross section), photoeffect (Sommerfeld cross section), quantum and classical scattering of electrons (Rutherford cross section), normal and anomalous Zeemann effect (Lande factor), polariza- tion and dispersion (Kramers-Kronig formula), diamagnetic susceptibility (Langevin formula). We discuss carefully the experimental and theoretical background for the introduction of the Schrodinger, Pauli and Dirac equations, as well as for the Maxwell equations. We explain in detail all basic theoretical concepts: the introduction of the quantum stationary states, charge density and electric current density, quantum magnetic moment, electron spin and spin-orbital coupling in "vector model" and in the Russel-Saunders approximation, differential cross section of scattering, the Lorentz theory of polarization and magnetization, the Einstein special relativity and covariance of the Maxwell Electrodynamics. We explain all details of the calculations and mathematical tools: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism for the systems with finite degree of freedom and for fields, Geometric Optics, the Hamilton- Jacobi equation and WKB approximation, Noether theory of invariants including the theorem on currents, four conservation laws (energy, momentum, angular momentum and charge), Lie algebra of angular momentum and spherical functions, scattering theory (limiting amplitude principle and limiting absorption principle), the Lienard-Wiechert formulas, Lorentz group and Lorentz formulas, Pauli theorem and relativistic covariance of the Dirac equation, etc. We give a detailed oveview of the conceptual development of the quantum mechanics, and expose main achievements of the "old quantum mechanics" in the form of exercises. One of our basic aim in writing this book, is an open and concrete discussion of the problem of a mathematical description of the following two fundamental quantum phenomena: i) Bohr's quantum transitions and ii) de Broglie's wave-particle duality. Both phenomena cannot be described by au- tonomous linear dynamical equations, and we give them a new mathematical treatment related with recent progress in the theory of global attractors of nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs. Namely, we suggest that i) the quantum stationary states form a global attractor of the coupled Maxwell-Schrodinger or Maxwell-Dirac equations, in the presence of an external confining potential, and ii) the wave-particle duality corresponds to the soliton-like asymptotics for the solutions of the translation-invariant coupled equations without an external potential. We emphasize, in the whole of our exposition, that the coupled equations are nonlinear, and just this nonlinearity lies behind all traditional perturbative calculations that is known as the Born approximation. We suggest that both fundamental quantum phenomena could be described by this nonlinear coupling. The suggestion is confirmed by recent results on the global attractors and soliton asymptotics for model nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs.


Adopts Siemens S7-200 type PLC on mine rescue robot control application,a mechanical hand mechanism design with bionics principle,implementation of three degree of freedom motion,and gives the mechanical hand soft,hardware design;design of the manipulator with flexible movement,convenient operation,reliable rescue,to guarantee the safety of the person,to reduce the intensity of labor is of great significance,has a strong practical.


I. INTRODUCTION When the drug can be absorbed by the blood system, the bioequivalence of a generic drug is evaluated with a crossover design based on pharmacokinetic endpoints. However, for treatment of non-systemic symptoms, bioequivalence evaluation is regularly designed as a randomized clinical trial with three parallel treatment groups – T, the test treatment group, R, the reference treatment (the innovative drug product) group and P, the placebo group. The study endpoint is often the therapeutic outcome. The objective of the study is to assess whether the test treatment is effective and whether it is equivalent to the referenced innovative product with the pre-specified equivalence limit. Hence the analysis involves testing of the following hypotheses [1]


Training nurses to assess and manage swallowing problems in stroke patients can reduce the time they have to remain 'nil by mouth', an audit of a local stroke service has found.


Abstract Carfentanyl, an ultra-potent synthetic opioid, is approved for use only in veterinary medicine as a tranquilizing agent. However, many cases of human poisoning with carfentanyl have recently appeared in the news with limited information given and scientific literature provides only 1 case of documented human exposure to carfentanyl. Fifteen cases of death from drug overdoses with carfentanyl involvement are being presented. Fifteen blood and urine samples have been taken for alcohol and drug testing. Headspace gas chromatography was used for alcohol detection. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS TOF) system was used for drug detection. Sixty-three cases of death from poisoning with drugs have been tested for carfentanyl in the State Forensic Medicine Service. Fifteen of them were positive for carfentanyl. The cases mentioned above show that carfentanyl exposure causes signs and symptoms similar to other opioid toxicity. Carfentanyl intoxication may even be fatal if appropriate treatment is not available. Therefore, nowadays it is very important to draw forensic medicine expert's attention to new substances in drug trade.


In the arguments occasioned by the Stamp Act, a distinction had been taken between internal and external taxes; by the former were meant taxes on things out of the immediate power of commerce; by the latter, taxes on such as were within it. These (being paid at the ports) were more generally called duties. The former had been denied upon the principle (among others) that such a power of taxing subjected the whole of every American's property to the power of Parliament; by which means he could not be said to have any that was absolutely his own. James Iredell, unpublished pamphlet, June I 7 7 6.1


This paper proposes a methodology for standard cell characterization which contains three models: an input capacitance model, a sensitivity model for variational resistive-capacitive loads, and gate and interconnect delay models via multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Our MARS-based methodology has several advantages. Firstly, MARS captures nonlinearities and interactions for high-dimensional problems. Secondly, MARS is an adaptive and intelligent procedure that can `filter out' negligible parameters without manual intervention while characterizing a complex cell with over 40 devices. Thirdly, our timing methodology has implemented block-based statistical timing analysis (StTA) (for path selection) and path-based StTA (for timing accuracy). We verified our method by comparing our results to SPICE using ten ISCAS85 benchmark circuits. The average errors in the circuit-delay mean and standard deviation (SD) are 1.47% and -1.15% respectively. We also compared our method with traditional quadratic delay models and achieve significant accuracy improvement and consume 38% less run time.


We performed a prospective, randomized, open study in 109 outpatients under chronic anticoagulation with acenocoumarine, presenting with International Normalized Ratios (INRs) ⩾ 6.0 and no or minor bleeding. All the patients withheld one dose of acenocoumarine; in addition, a treated group also received 1 mg oral vitamin K1. We aimed at a post-intervention INR < 6.0, with a target zone of 2.0–4.0. The INRs were lowered from a mean of 8.1 ± 1.7 to 4.9 ± 2.5 in the controls (P= 0.0000) and from 8.4 ± 2.4 to 3.3 ± 3 in the treated patients (P= 0.0000). There were no differences in the percentage of patients with post-intervention INRs < 6.0 or within the therapeutic zone. One-third of the treated patients and only 2% of the controls reached INRs < 2.0 (P= 0.0003). Oral vitamin K1offered no advantage to the simple discontinuation of one dose of acenocoumarine. A substantial number of treated patients were consequently exposed to under-anticoagulation.


Silica based glasses activated by rare earth ions promises to be an efficient material for the photonics applications. Incorporation of holmium as a rare earth dopant finds wide applications in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this work, we report the preparation and the thermo‐optic characterization of the holmium doped silica glasses. The samples are prepared via sol‐gel route. The structural characterization of the samples is carried out using the X‐ray diffraction technique whereas the constituents of the samples are identified using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The optical properties of the samples are measured using the UV‐VIS absorption spectroscopy. The thermal effusivity values of the samples are evaluated using an open cell photoacoustic technique. Influence of the annealing temperature on the thermal as well as the optical properties of the samples is investigated in detail. Analysis of the results shows that the doping and annealing process influenc...


This paper is concerned with Markov chain modeling of operating conditions and system dynamics to facilitate application of stochastic dynamic programming and stochastic model predictive control techniques. We discuss and compare two modeling frameworks based on interval and fuzzy encoding of the signal being modeled. We also present a recursive algorithm for on-line identification of such models. Examples based on automotive vehicle speed and road grade modeling are presented.


Research in visuo-motor coupling has shown that the matching of visual and proprioceptive information is important for calibrating movement. Many state-of-the art virtual reality (VR) systems, commonly known as immersive virtual environments (IVE), are created for training users in tasks that require accurate manual dexterity. Unfortunately, these systems can suffer from technical limitations that may force de-coupling of visual and proprioceptive information due to interference, latency, and tracking error. We present an empirical evaluation of how visually distorted movements affects users' reach to near field targets using a closed-loop physical reach task in an IVE. We specifically examined the recalibration of movements when the visually reached distance is scaled differently than the physically reached distance. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three visual feedback conditions during which they reached to target while holding a tracked stylus: i) Condition 1 (-20% gain condition) in which the visual stylus appeared at 80% of the distance of the physical stylus, ii) Condition 2 (0% or no gain condition) in which the visual stylus was co-located with the physical stylus, and iii) Condition 3 (+20% gain condition) in which the visual stylus appeared at 120% of the distance of the physical stylus. In all conditions, there is evidence of visuo-motor calibration in that users' accuracy in physically reaching to the target locations improved over trials. During closed-loop physical reach responses, participants generally tended to physically reach farther in condition 1 and closer in condition 3 to the perceived location of the targets, as compared to condition 2 in which participants' physical reach was more accurate to the perceived location of the target.


In modern age, image is useful media used to analyze the information within it. Sometime image which captured get blurred and noise from the environment. This phenomenon can reduce the quality of image. Image restoration technique we can restored degraded image to the nearest real image. Some filters and algorithms can be used to restoring the image, such as Weiner filter, Regularized filter, and Lucy-Richardson filter. This experiment tried to use these three techniques to restore blurry noised image using MATLAB software. Gaussian blur and noise were given to the images. Then, three methods are used to restore degraded images and compared their performance each other based on three parameters, such as Power Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) SSID (Structural Similarity Index), and MSE (Mean Squared Error). The experiment result shows that image restoration using Lucy-Richardson algorithm gives best performance on restoring thus degraded image in comparison of all parameter.


Toxophily is one of our traditional athletic sports items with a long history.From the evolvement of its Chinese character form,we can see the specifically culture meaning.Toxophily was used as a be military skill and a kind of method of survival and was listed in the content of education.In the Zhou Dynasty,it became a carrier of a social system and was endured with broad cultual meaning.


Abstract:Recent apocalyptic fiction suggests that epidemics can catalyze religious fanaticism, highlighting disturbing parallels between capitalism and fundamentalism. In Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake (2003), a disaffected corporate scientist develops a pandemic that seeds a religious revival and causes blame to fall on a misrepresented sect of religious environmentalists. In Emily St. John Mandel's Station Eleven (2014), a flu that decimates the global population is interpreted as a purifying act of God. In Ling Ma's Severance (2018), following a deadly disease that originates in China, a former corporate product coordinator based in New York City who mass-markets Bibles falls into the clutches of a religious cult led by an ex-IT specialist and investor. Our analysis examines how religion has been subsumed within corporate capitalism as well as the broad appeal unscientific reactions to the coronavirus could ultimately have, particularly as there are more virus-related economic problems.


In the first in a series of articles relating to the many aspects of Standards of Practice introduced by the General Optical Council for optometrists and dispensing opticians in 2016, and for optical businesses in 2019, Peter Black considers health and safety as it relates to optometric and optical practice. This series is distinct from but complements our continuing Fundamentals of Ophthalmic Dispensing series.


The influence of tree age on physical and mechanical properties of Larix kaempferi wood was investigated in this study.The results showed that densities of 43-year-old,30-year-old and 17-year-old air-dried samples were 0.607,0.567 and 0.507 g /cm3,respectively.Their volumetric shrinkage were 7.7%,7.7% and 7.1% while the volumetric swelling from ovendry to air-dried status were 5.1%,4.9% and 4.5%,respectively.The modulus of elasticity(MOE) values were17.527,16.775 and 12.510 GPa,respectively.The modulus of rupture(MOR) values were 121.1,110.3 and 90.9MPa,respectively.Compressive strength parallel to grain(CSPG) were 56.8,51.8 and 44.0 MPa,respectively.It could be concluded that the density,MOE,MOR and CSPG of Larix kaempferi increased with tree age while its shrinkage anisotropy decreased with it.The air-dried density of wood exhibited positive linear relationship with MOE,MOR and CSPG with the correlation coefficients of 0.760,0.816 and 0.900,respectively.


Recently air bubble plume has been suggested as a method of water quality purification. In this study, air bubble characteristics, flow induced by air bubble rise and destratification by the flow have been investigated by field test.As the results of the study, following concequences were obtained.1. Bubble diameter is 5-7cm.2. Bubble velocity is 50-150cm/s and can be expressed by way of function of air supply.3. Volume flux ratio can be explained by the equation which is induced in field in which there is not stratification. But there is the maximum value of volume flux ratio.


The article is the result of an ethnography carried out on a motorcycle club located in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, called the Brotherhood Children of Freedom, and seeks to understand how the members of the motorcycle club construct the category of place in different micro spaces through their greater symbols, such as the brotherhood headquarters, the badge in their vests and the trips through the roads under formation. The city is considered as a field of analysis, from the overlapping spaces and plurality individual group. In this context, it describes the identity constructions among the Brotherhood's members, their obligations and restrictions in new arrangements related to those appropriate spaces and transformed into place. It also shows how, in relations with others inside or outside the city, spaces of different scales are appropriate by the members of the Brotherhood by means of their symbols, values, beliefs and identity, to which systems of significance are attributed, such as the very notion of belonging and tradition of the Brotherhood Children of Freedom.


The Ginzburg-Landau free energy of a conventional superconductor coupled to a helimagnet is microscopically derived using functional field integral techniques. We show that the spin texture leads to a Lifshitz invariant in the free energy, which couples the momentum density of the superconducting condensate to the magnetization of the helimagnet. For helimagnets with a conical texture, the Lifshitz invariant yields a spatial modulation of the superconducting phase along the helical wavevector of the magnetic texture. Based on self-consistent numerical calculations, we verify the theoretical formalism by investigating a superconductor that contains a helical Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) chain. We demonstrate that the texture-induced magnetoelectric coupling produces a strong supercurrent along the YSR chain, which induces a detectable magnetic field.


For analyzing the dynamic characteristic of the hydraulic system of the concrete pump truck's arm,according to the operating principle of the hydraulic system of the concrete pump truck's arm,the simulation model of the hydraulic system of the concrete pump truck's arm was established by using AMESim,which was carried out to simulate the concrete pump truck's arms' retracting process,and the pressure and flowrate as well as piston displacement curve of each arm cylinder were obtained.The simulation results are helpful to design of the hydraulic system of the concrete pump truck's arm.


Objective To investigate the expression and the significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 in gallbladder epithelial cells with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM).Methods The expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 in gallbladder epithelial cells with or without PBM were detected by using S-P immunohistochemical staining.Results The expressions of COX-2 in gallbladder epithelial cells of 22 patients with PBM were 2 cases of score(- ),3 score(+ ),6 score(+ + ),and 11 score(+ + + ),respectively.They were significantly higher than those in the control group with the same number of patients.They were: 4 cases of score(- ),9 score(+ ),8 score(+ + ),and 1 score(+ + + ).The expressions of EGFR in gallbladder epithelial cells of 22 patients with PBM were:2 cases of score(- ),2 score(+ ),9 score(+ + ),and 9 score(+ + + ),respectively.They were significantly higher than those in me control group with the same number of patients.They were:6 cases of score(- ),4 score(+ ),10 score (+ + ),and 2 score(+ + + ).There was also significant correlation between EGFR and COX-2 in gallbladder epithelial cells with PBM(r = 0.584,P0.05).Conclusion The expressions of EGFR and COX-2 were significantly higher and positively correlated in gallbladder epitheUal cells with PBM,and this may play an important role in the hyperplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence of gallbladder epithelial cells with PBM.


: Federal-state relations over the management and regulation of ground water resources have undergone a number of changes in recent years. There are a variety of reasons that the role of the federal government in ground water management may increase in the future. One important reason federal policymakers may become involved concerns the extent of competition for ground water resources that cross state and national borders. This article summarizes reasons that interstate and international competition for ground water resources may provide the impetus for federal intervention in ground water management and presents the results of a survey conducted to determine the extent of that competition.


Private sector of economy belongs to Capitalist economy,which has been destined to have double features in this special period in China.Private sector of economy is the advanced production relation unless under the prime of public ownership.Private and public are two different economic systems.We should support the development of private sector of the economy.


Objective To explore the clinical effects and safety of dinoprostone for cervical ripening and artificial labor in term pregnancy.Methods 184 primipara at 39 to 41 weeks of gestation without any severity complication were randomly divided into observation group and control group,92 cases in each group.One piece of Propess was put into the vaginal posterior fornix of gravida in observe group,and Oxytocin 1U added in 50 g·L-1 glucose of 500 mL was used intravascularly in control group.The maternal cervical Bishop score,postpartum hemorrhage,condition of labor starting,the time from given medicine to labor starting,vaginal delivery rate,cesarean section rate and neonatal asphyxia rate were compared between two groups.Results The total effective rate and vaginal delivery rate in 24 hours of observe group were higher than those of control group(P0.01);The time from given medicine to labor starting of observe group was shorter than that of control group(P0.01).The cesarean section rate of observe group was lower than that of control group(P0.05).There were no significant difference in postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal asphyxia rate between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Dinoprostone was effective and safe for cervical ripening and artificial labor in term pregnancy.


This article describes the Ancient Greek mythological characters who were attributed with murdering children: Lamia (Λάμια), Mormo (μορμώ) and Gello (γελλώ).The ssuperstitions associated with these demons remain in Greece to this day, although their images have undergone certain transformation. The object of this research is the mythological representations of the Ancient Greeks, while the subject is demons who murdered children. The goal of this article is to determine the role of children's horror stories in life of the Ancient Greek society. The author reviews the facts testifying to the existence of characters as Lamia, Mormo, Gello and Empusa in the Greek and Roman texts, as well gives characteristics to their images based on the comparative analysis. The conducted analysis reveals the common traits of the demons who murdered children: frightening appearance, combination of human and animal traits, ability to transform, identification with Hecate, as well as the story of the failed motherhood underlying the history of emergence of the demon. The key functions of these mythological characters consisted in explanation of the sudden infant and maternal mortality typical to the ancient times, as well as teaching children and adults a lesson. The first could be frightened with such stories, and the latter had to learn from the tale that demonstrates the harm of reckless following the temptations or refusal of fulfilling the prescribed social roles, socially acceptable behavior.


ABSTRACT Cause marketing (CM) has become a prevalent form of generating support for a cause while netting valuable visibility for both the firm and the environmental nonprofit organisation. In this paper, to better help the government encourage CM campaigns, we adopt a stylised game-theoretical model to explore the strategic role of CM in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) for an offline-online dual-channel system. We show that the offline retailer's incentives for CM can be weakened by online drop-shipping, and that the manufacturer prefers online drop-shipping rather than batch ordering if the degree of consumer mistrust for CM is sufficiently low. One other counter intuitive finding is that offline CM may be harmful to sustainability when the online channel is dominant. This result suggests that the government should carefully regulate CM in such supply chain systems.


Road vehicle braking systems provide a good example of the increasing use of electronics in vehicles (for example, anti-lock braking systems) and the trend towards the adoption of new technologies (for example, brake-by-wire, electric braking, diagnostics, multiplexing, radar/automatic braking). This paper examines the implications of these developments for future vehicle regulations, including the rule-making process and compliance testing. The present European ECE and EEC braking standards are summarized and the progress towards 'harmonization' with the US Federal Standards is reported. The advent of electronic anti-lock braking systems has been anticipated within Annexes to the European regulations; however, a more detailed examination of the potential electronic system opportunities for failure warning and diagnostics is currently in progress. Product liability, failure mode and effects analysis and electromagnetic compatibility are major subjects for consideration in future vehicle regulations; a radical new approach to traffic safety legislation may be opportune.


In this article, the creation of the Electric Scooter Sharing service is presented from an idea to an industrialized environment with complex mobile applications and a Desktop application to manage users and e-scooters. We will showcase how the IoT or Internet of Things interconnectivity has a significant impact on the API and how it provides a pack of hardware and software fusion that serves the no gas emission program providing sustainable user-friendly mobility transport. We will go through the different stages of the mobile Apps development and discuss the architectures and technologies used to create this service as well as the cross-platform development. Moreover, the real-time technology implementation and the results it produces for the applications will be described. We will also discuss the possible security issues of this service like the man-in-the-middle and how to solve them.


The Society of Public Charity of Trujillo, dedicated to provide support services to people
with limited economic resources, does not immediately perform a good control over
collection management.
For this reason, the present research work entitled: The collection management policies and
their impact on the economic and financial situation of the Public Charity Society of Trujillo,
La Libertad, year 2017; which, its main objective is to demonstrate, if there is a positive
introduction in the economic and financial situation of the institution.
An evaluation was made to the collection area, application of the instruments: interview and
a questionnaire to the personnel of the area, in turn a diagnosis was made to the financial
statements, through relationships, and financial analysis. It was obtained as a result that it
does not have collection management policies, but it did manage its collection through an
empirical process. Economically it has a high liquidity and profitability.
Improvements were applied to the collection management process, likewise, the economic
and financial situation of the entity's 2017 period was evaluated and compared with the
implementation that was made, obtaining favorable results; example of this, the decrease in
accounts receivable and a possible collection management.


Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. has been recognized as the most effectively invasive woody plant in Taiwan. Due to its strong reproduction and alleopathy, it has been a dominant invasive species in Henchun peninsula and caused negative impact to the biodiversity of the forest ecosystem. Currently the investigations into the invasive alien plants mostly rely on the application of aerial photography to monitor and to make a distribution map to study the dispersion of L. leucocephala. Therefore, aerial photography detection of plants has been used by many ecologists and land managers as a primary solution to invasive alien species. The aim of this study is to analyze the land use and the distribution of L. leucocephala in different years by utilizing the aerial photos of Jian Mountan, Hou Bay, Guanshan, and Dajianshih Mountain area which were taken in 1982, 1992, 2003 and 2007. The speed of dispersal and the competition of L. leucocephala with Acacia confusa Merr. were also studied. The result indicated that forest area had increased in 1992 to 2003 due to the dispersal spread of L. leucocephala and afforestation, and in 2003 to 2007 there were significant increase of the bare area which may become the base habitat for the invasion of L. leucocephala. Also according to the aerial photos taken from 1982 to 2007, L. leucocephala is continuously dispersing, and the average speed of its dispersal was 3.55 ha year^(-1). Meanwhile, the aerial photos also showed that A. confusa is gradually replacing L. leucocephala in these regions.


Injection Molding Machine (IMM) is one of the most important equipment in plastic industry. As a cyclic process, injection molding can be divided into three steps includes filling process, packing-holding process and cooling process, among which filling process and packing process are both most important phases for the quality of part, and the corresponding crucial process variables are injection velocity and packing pressure in filling and packing phases. Moreover the determining a suitable injection time, screw position and cavity pressure for transfer from injection velocity control to packing pressure control which is commonly called filling to packing switchover point is also critical for high quality part. This study is concerned with two research aspects: double servomotors synchronization control for injection unit, and filling to packing switchover methods. The simulation result of switching method based on injection time and ball screw position those are similar, and the result of switching method based on the cavity pressure that is better.


A new and effective direct method to determine the numerical solution of specific nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral and integro-differential equations is proposed. The method is based on vector forms of block-pulse functions (BPFs). By using BPFs and its operational matrix of integration, an integral or integro-differential equation can be transformed to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate accuracy and computational efficiency of the method. Finally, the error evaluation of this method is presented. The benefits of this method are low cost of setting up the equations without applying any projection method such as Galerkin, collocation, . . . . Also, the nonlinear system of algebraic equations is sparse. 60 Babolian, Masouri, and Hatamzadeh-Varmazyar


Bis(diethyldithiophosphato)nickel(II) reacts with tributylphosphine to form a stable diamagnetic five-co-ordiante adduct; replacement of the tributylphosphine with; bidentate ligands in benzene proceeds via a dissociative mechanism.


This paper uses panel data for 29 provinces in China for 2000—2004 to make an empirical test of the relationship between institutional factors,such as government power,nationalization degree,marketization degree and financing constraints,and foreign capital dependence.It is found that strong government power and financing constraints squeeze private investment,thus raising foreign capital dependence,increased nationalization degree relatively decreases the dependence,and there is an insignificant negative correlation between marketization degree and the dependence.The policy implications are that the government should eradicate discrimination against the private sector and establish a level playing field.


This is a review of Creating Assertion-Based IP (by Harry D. Foster and Adam C. Krolnik)—a tutorial on creating assertion-based verification IP for real designs, applicable to various classes of design blocks found in today's systems. This book uses the specific syntax of System-Verilog Assertions (SVA) and the verification environment of the Advanced Verification Methodology (AVM). However, the same principles apply to other assertion specification languages and within the context of other verification environments. Perhaps most importantly, this book teaches a way of thinking about creating and using assertion-based verification IP.


By the rheological measurement,the polymer processing can be optimized and the quality of the end-products can be improved as well,so rheological parameters play a very important role in the polymer processing industries.The rheometers generally fall into two categories according to the location mode:not on-line and on-line.On the limitations of not on-line rheometer,the rheological parameters gain from it can not meet the needs of practice,so the on-line rheometer has gotten more and more application.The development of in-line and on-line rheometer,including the definition,classification configurations of the on-line rheometer is reviewed,and the applications of the on-line rheometer are also introduced.


, PIERDOMENICO PEPE AND MARIA D. DI BENEDETTOAbstract. Symbolic models have recently spurred the interest of the research community because they o era correct{by{design approach to the control of embedded and cyber{physical systems. In this paper weaddress construction of symbolic models for networks of discrete{time nonlinear control systems. The mainresult of the paper shows that under some small gain theorem{type conditions, a network of symbolic modelscan be constructed which approximates a network of incrementally stable control systems in the sense ofapproximate bisimulation with any desired accuracy. Compositional design of quantization parameters of thesymbolic models is also derived and based on the topological properties of the network.


Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensinⅡon prostatic cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rat models. Methods Thirty male rats were randomly divided into normal ( group A) , BPH model ( group B) and BPH + angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-enalapril (group C) with 10 in each group. Bilateral orchectomy was performed and 1 week later testosterone propionate was injected plus either feeding of normal saline ( group B) or feeding of enalapril ( group C). The weight of prostate was measured at the 4th week and morphological changes were examined by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the proliferation maker ( Ki-67 ) , and TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis in prostatic epithelial and stromal cells. Results The prostate index of group B ( 1. 65±0. 07) was significantly higher compared with groups A and C ( 1. 54±0.09 and 1.59±0.09; P0.05). Remarkable prostatic hyperplasia in group B and epithelial cell atrophy in group C were noted by light microscopy. The epithelial and stromal cell proliferation index ( PI) was (1.4±0.4)% and (1. 1±0.4)% (group A) , (3.0±0.4)% and (1.4±0.4)% (group B) , (2. 1±0.5)% and (1.2±0.5)% (group C), respectively; the epithelial cell PI of group B was significantly higher than those of groups A and C ( P 0. 05) , but the stromal cell PI of group B was not significantly higher than those of groups A and C (P 0. 05). The apoptosis index (AI) of groups A, B and C was (1.2±0.5)%, (1.1±0.3)% and (1.1±0.5)%, respectively, with no significant difference among the 3 groups (P0.05). Conclusions The expression of angiotensinⅡincreases in BPH tissues in rats. It is suggested that angiotensinⅡmay affect cell proliferation but not significantly affect cell apoptosis of the rat prostate.


Cu2O/MoS2 hybrids are used for the low-operating temperature detection of NH3. A sensing response of 872% is achieved for the M-5 sensor, displaying an improvement compared with bare Cu2O (103%). The selectivity is also increased for M-5 sensor.


Abstract The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) is the striking prediction that the decay of any unstable quan tum state can be inhibited by sufficiently frequent observations (measurements). The consensus


Fahr's disease is a rare neurological disorder characterized by bilateral basal ganglia calcinosis. Calcifications cause obliteration in micro vessels, neuronal degeneration and gliosis accumulating bilaterally at the basal ganglia, thalamus, centrum semiovale and the dentate nucleus. The most used diagnostic method is cranial tomography to determine the calcifications. Fahr's disease presents sporadically, inheritedly or secondarily (tumor, inflammation, hypoxia, endocrine, toxic, metabolic, degenerative, malabsorbtive). We want to emphasize the consequence of this syndrome for the patients presenting with hypoparathyroidism.


Objective: The isolation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing bacteria has increased worldwide. Fecal colonization with ESBLproducing isolates is considered a prerequisite for infection. Material and Methods: We prospectively evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for fecal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in hospitalized and ambulatory children. A total of 464 fecal samples from pediatric patients (270 hospitalized and 194 ambulatory) were collected from a tertiary care center in Turkey during a non-outbreak period. All stool samples were evaluated for ESBL production by the combination disc test and for imipenem susceptibility by the CLSI agar dilution method. Results: Sixty-six (24% of total) hospitalized children (25 with Escherichia coli, 39 with Klebsiella pneumoniae and 2 with Klebsiella oxytoca) and 14 (7.2% of total) ambulatory children (10 with E. coli, 3 with K. pneumoniae and 1 with K. oxytoca) had a positive fecal sample for ESBL-producing microorganisms. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem; however, the MIC values of strains isolated from hospitalized patients were 3-4 fold higher in dilution than were those of strains isolated from ambulatory children. Univariate analyses showed that intensive care unit stay, urinary catheterization, indwelling catheterization, surgical interventions and prior 3rd-generation cephalosporin usage were associated with ESBL positivity for the hospitalized patients. Recent 2nd- or 3rd-generation cephalosporin use was found to be