Objective To summarize the microsurgical techniques for removal of large neoplasms located in the suprasellar, back of sellar region and anterior part of third ventricle through bilateral frontobasal interhemispheric approach. Methods Fifty-six patients with large neoplasms located in the suprasellar, back of sellar region and anterior part of third ventricle, admitted to our hospital from January 2002 to January 2013 and performed removal via bilateral frontobasal interhemispheric approach; their clinical data and treatment efficacy were analyzed retrospectively. The microsurgical techniques were summarized, and the factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed. Results Total removal of the tumors was achieved in 49 patients (88%) and subtotal removal in 7 (12%). The pituitary stalk was reserved in 47 patients (84%), severed in 4 (7%), and unidentified in 5 (9%). The bilateral olfactory nerves were successfully preserved in 50 patients (89%) and unilateral severed in 6 (11%). Visual impairment was found in 41 patients before surgery, 39 of them achieved postoperative visual improvement and 2 patients had no change during the follow-up at 6 months. In our series, there were no procedure-related mortalities and bacterial meningitis. Unilateral anosmia was detected on examination in 2 patients. Minimal frontal lobe contusion developed in 2 patients but resolved within 3 weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 1 patient, which was cured for 2 week. Transient diabetus insipidus developed in 25 patients but resolved within 1 month; permanent postoperative diabetesinsipidus was present in 5 patients during the follow-up at 6 months. During the follow-up of 12 months, 56 patients (100%) gained Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores of 5, only 4 (7%) patients with tumors resected partially had tumor relapse and received surgery again. Conclusions The bilateral frontobasal interhemispheric approach is appropriate for removing tumors located in the suprasellar, back of sellar region and anterior part of third ventricle. With sufficient exposure of lesion, the important anatomic structures such as the pituitary stalk, hypothalamic structure, perforating vessels, anterior communicating complex, the visual pathway, and the olfactory nerves could be preserved effectively. The surgery via this approach can increase total removal rate of the tumors, decrease the complications and achieve a good outcome.

Key words:
Brain neoplasm;  Sellar region;  Back of sellar region;  Third ventricle; Microsurgery;  Bilateral frontobasal interhemispheric approach


【Objective】 The aim of this study was to observe the ill effects of topiramate on pregnant mice,and to explore the intervention effect of folic acid on ill effects.【Methods】100 female and 50 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups(female: male=2:1).the groups as follows,the mice of blank control group were given distilled water 10 ml/kg by gavage,the mice of low dose topiramate group were given topiramate 50 mg/kg by gavage,the mice of high were given topiramate 100mg/kg by gavage,the mice of low dose topiramate and folic acid group were given topiramate 50 mg/kg and folic acid 0.07 mg/kg by gavage,the mice of high were given topiramate 100 mg/kg and folic acid 0.07 mg/kg by gavage.The indexes including fertilization,abortion,monster,stillbirth,number of filial mice in each brood and the weight during pregnancy were observed among groups.【Results】Compared to mice in other groups,the mice in high dose group had lower pregnancy rate,higher rate of abortion,stillbirth and monster,decrease of weight gain during pregnancy and number of normal filial mice each brood(P 0.05).Comparing the mice in low dose group(pregnancy rate:30%) and low dose with folic acid group(pregnancy rate:50%)with the mice in high dose group(pregnancy rate:20%) and high dose with folic acid group(pregnancy rate:35%),the difference was noticeable(P 0.05).Comparing the mice in high dose group with folic acid(pregnancy rate:35%;stillbirth rate 9.8%) and low dose with folic acid group(pregnancy rate:50%;stillbirth rate 8.7%)with the mice in high dose group(pregnancy rate:20%;stillbirth rate 28.5%)and low dose group(pregnancy rate30%:stillbirth rate 10.5%) the difference was noticeable(P 0.05).Comparing the weight of the pregnant mice after 20 days in low dose with folic acid group[(13.18±0.74) g] and the mice high dose with folic acid group[(12.15±0.50) g] with the mice in low dose [(10.99±1.29) g] and the mice in high dose group[(9.54±0.08) g],the difference was noticeable(P 0.05).【Conclusions】topiramate can lead to increase pregnant accident of pregnant mouse,and multiple low dose and supplement of folic acid can decrease the ill effects of topiramate.


Abstract : A problem that has plagued the tracking community for decades has been the lack of a single metric to assess the overall performance of tracking systems. The authors' prior research has identified total conditional entropy as a useful measure to assess the overall performance of multi-target trackers and classifiers. The measure can be used to evaluate any system that can be formulated as an assignment algorithm that maps N classes of objects to M labels. The assignments from the decision system are compared to a truth data set to generate the total conditional entropy. This report focuses on work to generate error estimates so that the statistical significance of test results can be determined. Derivations of Wolpert and Wolf provide exact equations for calculating the first- and second-order statistics for the three fundamental entropy measures from sample data. The authors have restructured Wolpert and Wolf's equations into computer code that produces stable numerical results up to sample sizes in the billions. This code is provided as a MATLAB software package available from MIT Lincoln Laboratory.


Slow-breaking monophase cationic bitumen emulsions have been produced on the basis of bitumen modified with phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resin (PhCR-F). Bitumen emulsions were used as a binder for thin-layer coatings with slurry surfacing mixes (SSM). Physical and technical parameters of modified and unmodified emulsions were determined and analyzed. The optimal compositions of SSM were selected according to the breaking criterion. The values of SSM wet track abrasion were determined. It was found that the addition of PhCR-F allows to improve the adhesion properties of the thin-layer coatings.


Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) and glutamine (GLN) combined with a modified (high-carbohydrate-low-fat, HCLF) diet in patients with short bowel syndrome. Methods A meta-analysis of all the relevant clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials were identified from the following electronic databases between January 1995 and March 2008: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Chinese Bio-medicine Database. The search was undertaken in May 2008. Language was restricted to Chinese and English. Literature references were checked at the same time. Clinical trials were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently of each other. The statistical analysis was performed by Rev Man4.2 software which was provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. The value of P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Eleven trials involving 201 patients were included. The combined results showed that GH, GLN and HCLF diet had positive treatment effect on body weight, stool output, lean body mass, absorption of D-xylose, and IGF-1. But there were no improvements in fat mass, absorption of energy, absorption of carbohydrates, absorption of nitrogen and absorption of fat. Conclusion Treatment with a combination of low-dose GH, GLN and HCLF diet is effective without any major adverse effects in patients with short bowel syndrome. Further trials are required, especially in children, with sufficient size and rigorous design.


mentions that self-prepared fibers from his early experiments have not lost their conversion efficiencyeven after many years.D. Weinberger points out that the dynamics of writing and erasing is different from fiber to fiber, andthat this can be very frustrating. She is not optimistic that a complete understanding of the phenomenoncan be obtained. D. Anderson says that the photorefractive effect is also not well understood, in termsof the nature of the traps etc., but still it works well. R. Kashyap suggests that maybe there could be around-robin to measure the second harmonic conversion ability of different fibers. D. Krol says that shehas observed a larger growth rate and a higher conversion efficiency in Ce-doped fibers. For example,she has obtained 2% conversion with 2 W of mode-locked light. W. Margulis points out that in his ownexperiments, the seed light was often exceeded.


Based on contract of Lin County to Lishi K70 + 465 in Shanxi Province, finite element software is used to analyze the stability of high cut slope in loess area. The analysis result shows in the report that the overall slope stability under natural state meets the specification requirement, but under rainfall condition, the possibility of local collapse still exists. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the local area by adopting soil nails in conjunction with concrete panels. According to strength reduction FEM, local slope factor of safety is improved and remains stable after soil nail support. This study can provide a reference for design and construction for highway loess slope in Shanxi west regions.


Metallic microchannel mold for microfliudic applications is demonstrated based on X-ray LIGA technology. High aspect ratio microchannel made of SU-8 photoresist was constructed on a stainless substrate to create a mold template using X-ray lithography generated by synchrotron light source. Following X-ray lithography, the SU-8 mold template was filled with electroplated nickel to produce the required mold insert structure. To achieve a good bonding between the electroplated nickel and the stainless steel substrate, the electroplated surface was activated with sulfuric and Wood's strike before nickel was electrodeposited. The over-electroplated structure was lapped and polished to obtain the final thickness. SU-8 mold template was finally removed and cleaned by plasma, resulting in the metallic microchannel mold for microchannel replication. A 10:1 mixture of pre-polymer PDMS was cast on to the metallic mold and peeled off to create the replicated PDMS microchannel. Replicated microchannel was attached on a glass substrate and injected with liquid to investigate the leakage problem. The proposed method can deliver the rapid replicated microchannel which is not complicated and simply applied for microfluidic applications.


Sex differences in correlation coefficients between the California Psychological Inventory, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire scales and Alpert-Haber Achievement Anxiety Test scales were evaluated in four samples of Ss in French (54 males and 156 females), mathematics (124 males and 66 females), and two introductory psychology courses (81 males and 146 females in the first sample and 297 males and 349 females in the second sample). The fact that fewer than 7% of differences were significant at the 5% level in 216 pair-wise comparisons and there were significant correlations between correlation matrices seems to indicate the lack of sex differences in personality correlates of test anxiety.


The Letter by Semelidou and Skoulakis (1) questions the congruence of our model (2) with current experimental evidence of olfactory habituation. We thank the authors for their Letter and would like to make three points in response.

##### 1) Re: "and is independent of the mushroom bodies, unlike what the authors propose."

To clarify, our model studied the effect of antennae lobe (AL) habituation on the mushroom body (MB) downstream. We did not propose that 30-min habituation itself occurs in, or requires, the MB. Indeed, we directly followed the mechanism proposed by …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: navlakha{at}cshl.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


Abstract : The initial proposal was for developing a new rendering system. The rendering system was to be based on our ongoing project for a photo-realistic implementation of RenderMan Interface proposed by Pixar. In the first phase, we explored the requirements of such a renderer and how the present system needs to be changed to meet those requirements. This formed the basis for a photo-realistic rendering system that incorporates global illumination. In the second phase, we were to extend the system to real-time rendering. In particular, we are interested in real-time rendering of medical data. We wanted to include the traditional volumetric techniques as well as novel approaches in the use of texture mapping hardware and data segmentation and registration techniques for feature extraction and polygonal rendering. The system was to be used as the rendering part of a virtual environment system for surgical simulation.


This lecture seeks to specify the characteristic focus of a political science,
as opposed to the idea of a Political Science and its pretension of autonomy
and of the perspective of a "rational choice", as a singularly important
effort of abstract and general theorization. It is claimed that, despite the
fact that there is a conventional view that seeks to relate the political
phenomena to the levei of the State, both the appropriate definition of
politics and the explanation of political phenomena, as well as the
substantive or theoretical problems with the implementation and operation
of democracy, refer to the social context, thus making "political science"
and "political sociology" synonyms.


history of jammu and kashmir the making of the state is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the history of jammu and kashmir the making of the state is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Several domain experts in the field of software development and project management have commented on the high failure rate of software engineering and project management. A lot of money has been wasted on failed software projects. Additionally, software quality is not improving. Thus the successful management of software projects is critical. It is vital to understand what is important to complete software project on time within budget, and meet user requirements. Many literatures present project failure causes. However, project failure still persists. In this paper we outline software development failure. Then we present two key variables in software project performance management i.e. trust and knowledge sharing.


Thomas-Bernard Kenniff's review of the book titled Urban Encounters: Art and the Public edited by Martha Radice and Alexandrine Boudreault-Fournier.


The classification of functioning and disabilities in children and youths is an important task that informs healthcare. The ICF-CY (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health in Children and Youth) provides a standard framework for such classification. Occupational therapists use the ICF-CY in conjunction with observations of the routine activities performed by a child (such as eating, toileting, washing) to determine a suitable diagnostic group. This paper presents a method for assisting occupational therapists and others in this task using machine learning. The method is studied experimentally using a publicly available dataset of self-care activities.


The invention relates to a drop irrigation method for cotton planted in severe saline-alkali soil. The method comprises preparation before seeding, arrangement of capillary tubes, drop irrigation, salt controlling at a growing period, and the like. In the method, the conventional flooding irrigation type autumn and winter irrigation is not performed after cotton is harvested, tube laying, film coating, water dropping and hole sowing are performed before cotton seeding, and drop irrigation under the film is performed at the growing period of time. The method is a novel water-saving and salt-controlling technique developed specific to the current situation of continuous reduction in agricultural water as well as an important supplement for the conventional broad irrigation salt-leaching way, has the advantages of small water using amount, good salt-leaching effect, high emergence rate of crops, and the like, and has high popularization and application potentials in droughty, hydropenic and severely-salinized areas.


This work presents a methodology combining SEM, EDS, conventional EBSD, and transmission‐EBSD to analyse a recrystallised Zircaloy‐4 sheet and cold‐worked stress‐relieved (CWSR) Zircaloy‐4 cladding in unprecedented detail. Second‐phase precipitates (SPPs) in Zircaloy‐4 specimens were revealed after chemical polishing using a solution containing hydrofluoric acid (HF). Pitting corrosion of Zircaloy‐4 specimens was revealed after electropolishing using an electrolyte containing HClO4. A zirconium coupon without SPPs was used to confirm the chemical response of SPPs on surface morphology. Intrinsic features of cold‐worked Zircaloy‐4 such as relatively small grain sizes, high dislocation density, and complex microstructure make it significantly more difficult to collect excellent EBSD results compared to recrystallised Zircaloy‐4. The fine hydride structure of as‐hydrided CWSR Zircaloy‐4 cladding further increases the level of challenge on EBSD analysis.


Objective To observe the clinical contraceptive effects on two types of intrauterine contraceptive device(IUD) with Memory Alloy.Methods 301 cases used active γ-IUDⅡ(Anshu-IUD) and 299 cases used MCu-IUD(Aimu-IUD) respectively among 600 married women in child-bearing age according to the voluntary principle from Oct 2005 to Oct 2007.Contrastive observation was made after 3-month,6-month,12-month,24-month of IUD insertion.Results The expulsion rates of two types of IUD were 1.00%、2.34% for 24-month,There was no significant difference between two groups(P0.05).The pregnancy rates,the removal rates(including for medical reasons) and the continuation rates were 0.33%、2.46%,were 1.66% and 5.50% and 97.01%、88.96% respectively.There was significant difference(P0.05) on the pregnancy rates,the removal rates and the continuation rates between two groups.There was significant difference(P0.01) on the incidence of adverse reaction that the incidence of adverse reaction of active γ-IUDⅡ was lower than that of MCu-IUD after 12-month IUD insertion.While there was no significant differences between two groups(P0.05) after 24-month IUD insertion.Conclusion It was excellent contraceptive effect of both active γ-IUDⅡ and MCu-IUD especially of the active γ-IUDⅡ so that it was worth clinical expansion.


In this paper, an experimental study on the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness was conducted when milling X12M steel. The cutting tool used in this study is a face milling cutter. The material that is used to make the insert is the hard alloy T15K6. The cutting parameters covered in this study include the cutting speed, the feed rate and depth of cut. The experiments are performed in the form of a rotating center composite design. The analysis shows that for both Ra and Rz: (1) the feed rate has the greatest influence on the surface roughness while the depth of cut, the cutting speed has a negligible effect on the surface roughness. (2) only the interaction between the feed rate and the depth of the cut has a significant effect on both Ra and Rz while the interaction between the cutting speed and the feed rate, the interaction between the cutting speed and the depth of cut have a negligible effect on surface roughness. A regression equation showing the relationship between Ra, Rz, and cutting parameters has also been built in this study.


A panel assembly includes a retainer, a first panel, and a second panel. A weld stud extends from the first panel. The second panel is positioned adjacent to the first panel and defines a hole that circumscribes the weld stud. The retainer includes a base and a nut. The base includes an annular cap and a cylindrical guide feature. The nut has radial fins, one of which is beveled. The cylindrical guide feature is positioned within the hole and circumscribes the weld stud. One of the radial fins is positioned adjacent to an upper surface of the cap, while the radial fin having the beveled surface is received within a slot defined by the cap to secure the nut to the base and the stud. Tabs may be arranged on an inner bore of the nut. A method of using the retainer in a panel assembly is also disclosed.


The development of evidence-based medicine brings challenge to traditional model of medical education.In order to suit the development of medical education,we need to introduce the concept and model of evidence-based medicine for postgraduate students in surgical oncology training programs.As a practicing platform,the seminar model advocates learning and research.The application of the seminar learning model in the teaching process on postgraduates of surgical oncology shows that the model can end the problem that the education of evidence-based medicine is divorced from practice.It has an important influence on improving the education of evidence-based medicine.


The importance of species differences in drug metabolism in understand ing the mechanism of action of many drugs has become increasingly evi dent. Several reviews and articles on the overall topic of drug metabolism have covered aspects of it (1-17). In addition, discussion of species differ ences in drug metabolism formed an important segment of a recent sympo sium, the proceedings of which contain a number of very informative papers (18-24). It would appear that the increasing interest in the subject stems from the premise that improved understanding and broader knowledge of species differences in drug metabolism will greatly improve our abilities to predict the pharmacologic and toxic010gic properties of a given compound in man from experimental data obtained in animals. It should also be pointed out that such studies, even when only indirectly reIated to drug therapy, have yielded valuable new biochemical information of quite fundamental nature. Examples of this type concern acetyl CoA, the role of pyridine nucleotides in oxygen incorporation, mechanisms of enzyme adaptation, human genetics, phylogenetic and ontogenetic enzyme development, intracellular structure, organ and membrane function, and biosynthesis of vitamin C (25). The in creased interest is also probably correlated with recent technological adv ances that will possibly enable one to study the physiological disposition and metabolic fate of a compound in several species within a relatively short pe riod of time. If the above comments sound encouraging, they may also be unduly opti mistic, at least insofar as prediction is concerned. For example, Williams (19) stated that aromatic hydroxylation varies quantitatively and qualita tively in haphazard fashion among species, and that one can not, at present, draw definite conclusions about the relationship between drugs, species, and metabolic routes. Brodie (23) is equally discouraging in another sense, namely, the possibility of discovering an animal species, that, drug-metabo lism-wise, is greatly similar to man. It should be pointed out here, however, that very little work of this type has been done with the higher nonhuman primates, i.e., the chimpanzee, gorilla, and orang-utan. The reader should also beware of the catchall name "monkey"since in many papers it refers to


This book of readings is an edited version of some of the papers presented at the Sixth Biennial CIGAR (Comparative International Governmental Accounting Research) Conference, held at Bocconi University, Milan, in June 1997. It is in the nature of CIGAR conferences that, while a skeletal administrative framework is applied from outside, they largely depend on the direction, enthusiasm and resources provided by the local hosts. The credit for this ® ne book, therefore, properly accrues to the organizers from Bocconi and Siena. The book bene® ts as did the conference from having a theme (local government) that was, however, su ciently wide to give researchers the opportunity to express themselves. All the papers are comparative. Some are explicitly so, either in ranging across many countries or in comparing the systems of two countries. The rest are implicitly, but no less importantly, so. Even twenty years ago, there was no literature that formed a basis for comparison; now everyone is able to compare, particularly in English. The book is, most strikingly, a testament to the extraordinary transformation in governmental accounting in continental Europe during the past two decades. The book has contributions from other countries, as had the predecessor and successor conferences and workshops, but the changes in continental Europe have been the driving force for much of this work. Cashbased budgetary local government accounting systems developed for the purpose of control by the sovereign, higher-level government and hide-bound in law have not disappeared from Europe but everywhere their elements are changing. There are ® fteen papers in all. Nine are written in the context of continental Europe; ten, if Russia is included. Of these, two are general (Borgonovi and Anessi-Pessina; Caperchione) and one covers many countries (Vela and Fuertes). There is speci® c coverage of Belgium (Christiaens), France (Lande),


Relevance. The pathogenic complex of seed infection causes large crop losses and reduced quality characteristics of flax products. The purpose of the research is to identify the species composition of pathogens that pose a threat to the crop crop by their harmfulness or are potentially dangerous.Methods. The object of research was the seeds of 21 flax varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2015–2021. The research was carried out at the All-Russian Flax Research Institute, as well as at the Laboratory of Breeding Technologies of the Federal Research Center for Bast Crops in 2015–2021 using modern mycological and phytopathological methods, as well as VNIIL techniques.Results. Analysis of the phytosanitary condition of the seed material of 21 flax varieties for 6 years (2015–2021) revealed a high degree of infection of seeds with parasitic and saprophytic infections, including 17 species of fungi and 3 species of bacteria. The saprophytic complex was mainly represented by species of the genera Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichothecium roseum, Trichoderma lignorum, etc. The lowest infectious load on flax seeds was noted in the Kostroma region (0–13.0%) and in the Kuban (5.0–19.8%). The following varieties had group resistance to seed infections of fusarium, anthracnose and aureobasidiosis: Diplomat, Caesar, Alexandrite, Alexim, Tonus, Nadezhda. The minimal infectious load of pathogenic microflora from the entire set of varieties was noted on the Tverskoy variety (14.7%).


OBJECTIVE
To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Acer truncatum.

METHOD
Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULT
Seven compounds were isolated and identified as p-sitosterol (1), beta-amyrin (2), beta-amyrin acetate (3), 3, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (4), astragalin (5), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside (6), and quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (7).

CONCLUSION
All of compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.


6525 Background: Voreloxin, an anticancer quinolone derivative that inhibits topoisomerase II, has demonstrated clinical activity in ovarian cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Final results a...


Introduced the structure layout features of the floating active trashrack of hydropower station entry of
the Zuojiang multi-purpose dam project. The adopted new technique and new measures in design were also intro-
duced. Combined with operation and practice situation, some problems of trashrack design were probed into
here.


Recently, a number of portable biosensors have been developed to check the health condition of human beings regardless of time and place. Though those sensors have a merit of a handy one, the signals are inevitably measured with intensive background noises. In order to detect a weak signal concealed in intensive background noises such as Johnson noise, 1/f noise, and shot noise, a special technique is essentially required. As of a special technique, the lock-in detection method is able to minimize the effects of these noises using modulated signal and reference signals. Previously, we applied the lock-in detection method to infrared detection system. The sensitivity of this system was decided by the 1/f noise at the photodetector. In this work, we have demonstrated the portable bio-sensor system using high frequency infrared laser diode and photodetector. Therefore, the main signal of interest may keep away from the effect of the 1/f noise with hybrid-type highly sensitive lock-in detection module. This technique provides the minimum detection range of 3 mV and the dynamic range of 25.8 dB at the noise level of 120 mV.


This paper describes a new methodology to identify conflicts between power flow control devices that can cause New-ton's method convergence problems. The proposed technique is based on applying the principal component analysis (PCA) to the control sensitivity matrix. This matrix directly relates the control mismatch functions and control variables. The results presented for small-scale and large-scale power systems were compared to the analysis of the eigenvalues of the power flow Jacobian matrix, indicating the proposed methodology effectiveness.


Stephen Parker, Professor of Psychology and himself a Wesleyan Methodist, sets out in this book to illustrate the pervasive influence of this particular religious doctrine on Winnicott's clinical t...


Assertions are a crucial aspect of software development, serving as a way to validate conditions during code execution. They are expressed as Boolean expressions that must hold true for the code to run correctly and enforce design decisions and constraints. This paper introduces a new approach for creating assertions called design assertions. These assertions are generated from formally written design constraints and help to enforce important design decisions during code execution. The approach utilizes immutable library classes, specifically designed for writing design assertions, and converts design constraints written in the Object Constraint Language (OCL) into assert statements in the Dart language. The result is a more readable, maintainable, and reliable set of Dart assertions, providing a powerful tool for ensuring software design quality and integrity.


In the 1950s, Wilfred Bion published articles dedicated to deepening and expanding Melanie Klein's concepts on psychosis. Bion's view of intrapsychic processes helped to elucidate the difficulties faced by psychotics in constituting and sustaining a subjective life linked to the awareness of internal and external realities. However, the understanding of these difficulties gained even greater theoretical and technical complexity when Bion began to explore the intersubjective potential of projective identification, which was taken as a means of communication and a primitive way of obtaining self-knowledge. This study shows the process through which Bion reached this understanding in a clinical experience and the importance of this process for treatment; it also outlines his ideas at that time regarding the significance of the external object and especially the analyst's role in the process of subjectivation.


Objective:To learn about the composition of pathogenic bacteria in intestinal disease in Beijing,and improve the prevention and control of intestinal disease.Methods: The stool specimens of diarrhea patients that meet the definition of diarrhea were collected from Diarrhoeal diseases outpatient service of 13 hospitals above grade II in 6 districts during April to October in 2010 for pathogen detection and statistical description and analysis.Results: There were 2024 specimens involved in the laboratory experiments and the positive rate was 22.0%(445/2024).Shigella was the main bacterial strain whose proportion was 42.2%(188/445),the second was Vibrio parahemolyticus whose proportion was 30.6%(136/445).The positive rate of Vibrio parahemolyticus in outskirts was high.The incidence peak months of Vibrio parahemolyticus and Shigella were August and September,and the children and young and middle-aged people were more susceptible to intestinal disease.Conclusion: Shigella and Vibrio parahemolyticus were the main pathogens of diarrhea in Beijing in 2010.One of the most important methods to reduce the outbreak of diarrhea is to strengthen the health supervision of marine food products and omophagia in summer and autumn and popularize the health diet knowledge.


The nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, whereas epidermal growth factors (EGF) stimulate growth and proliferation of the cells. In spite of this difference, NGF-or EGF-treated PC12 cells share various properties in cellular-signaling pathways. These include the activation of the phosphoinositide (PI)-3 kinase, 70 kDa S6 kinase, and in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, following the binding of these growth factors to intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Therefore, many studies have been attempted to access the critical signaling events in determining the differentiation and proliferation of PC12 cells. In this study, we investigated the cytosolic phospholipase () in neurite behavior in order to identify the differences of signaling pathways between the NGF-induced differentiation and the EGF-induced proliferation of PC12 cells. We have showed here that the was translocated from cytosol to membrane only in NGF-treated cells. We also demonstrated that this translocation is associated with NGF-induced activation of phospholipase , which elevates intracellular concentration. These results reveal that the translocation of may be a requisite event in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Various phospholipase inhibitors were used to confirm the importance of these enzymes in the differentiation of PC12 cells. Neomycin B, a PLC inhibitor, dramatically inhibited the neurite outgrowth, and two distinct inhibitors, 4-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) and arachidonyltrifluoro-methyl ketone () also suppressed the neurite outgrowth of the cells, as well Taken together, these data indicated that is involved in NGF-induced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells.


Objective To investigate the effect of open method tympanoplasty combined with mastoid obliteration and titanium mesh and the reconstruction of the attic wall.Methods 32 cases of cholesteatoma or skeletal ulcer otitis media accepted the open method tympanoplasty combined mastoid obliteration and titanium mesh and reconstruction of the attic wall after radical mastoidectomy.Results The external auditory canals of 30 ears were normal in appearance.The transplanted membrane in 29 ears survived.The dry-ears rate was 90.62% and the average time till dry-ears was 15.89±4.02 days.The air-conducting hearing levels of average language frequency were enhanced by over 15 dBHL in 27 ears.An air-bone gap of less than 20 dBHL was achieved in 22 ears.Conclusion The anatomical structure and physiological function of the external auditory canal and middle ear can recover after the above mentioned treatment with a satisfactory long-term effect in improving hearing.


Several recent publications have shown that changes in heart murmurs after the inhalation of amyl nitrite may be of diagnostic aid (Vogelpoel et al., 1959; Barlow and Shillingford, 1958). The effect of amyl nitrite on intracardiac heemodynamics and intracardiac heart sounds has been studied extensively by Vogelpoel et al. (1960, 1961) and Schrire et al. (1961). For the past four years amyl nitrite has been used in this laboratory as a diagnostic aid in the course of heart catheterization studies. Dye dilution curves obtained before and after amyl nitrite are of diagnostic value in certain situations and form the basis of this report.


In this article we will dwell upon reasons, preconditions and the very course of the Arab Conquest which was revealed in scientific works by Soviet and foreign historians. The course of discussion between historians concerning anew sight at problems of the Arab Conquest is investigated. The article deals with the analysis of the historical evolution of theories on this issue from the late nineteenth to early twenty-first century. We estimated the source base and the factors that influenced the character and publication content as well as outlined underexplored problems.


Objective - This research is conducted in order to determine what factors in corporate governance affect the financial performance of a firm.

Methodology/Technique - Financial performance, as the dependent variable, is measured by Return on Asset (ROA), while the independent variables (corporate governance) are measured using Board Independence, Board Size, Dividend, Firm Size, and Financial Leverage. The sampling method used in this research is purposive sampling. The requirements for the sample of this research are the non – financial firms included in LQ-45 from 2012 to 2017 that publish annual reports that are available to the public. The research method used in this paper is a quantitative method. Panel data analysis technique and E-views tools were also used.

Findings - The results indicate that firm size and percentage of board independence has no effect on financial performance, while board size, dividends, and financial leverage all effect financial performance.

Novelty - The study adds to the literature of corporate government and firm performance in emerging countries.

Type of Paper Empirical

Keywords: Board Independence; Board Size; Dividends; Firm Size; Financial Leverage; Financial Performance.

JEL Classification: M40, M48, M49.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2019.4.1(4)


Aiming at the advantages in commonly used method of generating decision tree, a method of generating cost-sensitive decision tree (CSDT) based on the correlation degree of neural network attributes is proposed through quoting the correlation degree of neural network attributes and cost-sensitive learning. This method reduces the condition attributes by using rough set theory, and it takes the correlation degree and cost performance of attributes as the bases of split node to build the CSDT by using modified information gain method during the process of building decision tree. It is shown in test result that such method is superior to commonly used method of generating decision tree in classification accuracy and the number of nodes generated.


Aim of this paper is to present a combined impedance plethysmography and spectrometry technique suitable to measure the functionality of the peripheral vascular system, with emphasis on the lower limbs. The plethysmographic investigation allows studying the venous flow by detecting the change in blood volume through an electrical bio-impedance measurement. In particular, such measurement is based on a procedure that does not require the use of an occlusive cuff that might cause a detachment of potential thrombus because of the downstream venous pressure. The spectroscopic investigation, instead, might reveal possible differences in the limb impedance spectrum due to a different resistivity of flowing blood as compared to standing blood: the latter, in particular, might be present in case of vascular diseases. Results obtained on healthy subjects show an increasing impedance in correspondence of blood volume decreases forced by a rise of the limb, and a corresponding decrease in the impedance linked to the leg blood filling as the limb is taken back to its rest position. The two transitions follow an exponential trend with different time constants. For a healthy patient, the bio-impedance of the leg shows a comparable behavior between the two legs, while for a subject with venous thrombosis a longer transient is expected for the affected limb. Similarly, the impedance spectrum of healthy patients shows almost the same frequency behavior for both legs, while possible differences might be detected in case of thrombosis.


There could be three approaches to resolve public disputes : power-based, rights-based, and interests-based approaches. There is yet a developed public disputes resolution system in our society so that many have relied on physical power and legal settlement to resolve public disputes. However, our society have also been facing several fledging cases that were successfully resolved with an interests-based approach which focus on building consensus through participation, discourse, and negotiation of relevant stakeholders. This paper introduces a public dispute case involved around the Seoul National Hospital, which is a mental health clinic and is located at a residential zone in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. The Seoul National Hospital case was successfully reached to an agreement through a mediation process which was assisted with professional mediators. Thus, this case may provide rare and useful policy implications to resolve similar public disputes.


The African sub-continent continues to receive much attention from the international community as it strives towards economic development and integration. With the changing global economy, encouraged by the rapidly evolving process of globalisation, Southern African countries feel compelled to promote regional economic development within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in order to achieve global competitiveness.


The Detroit Downtown People Mover (DDPM), currently under construction in the Central Business District of downtown Detroit, offered a unique set of challenges to the architects and engineers designing the system. Of the thirteen stations, seven must be integrated into existing buildings having various other purposes. Six others will be free-standing. Significant tradeoffs were made in station designs and design concepts. In reaching a final design configuration, approvable from a safety point of view for carrying passengers in a public conveyance, the design team dealt with fire and other safety officials to resolve safety code issues, negotiate agreements on code equivalence, and secure building permits.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of amlodipine besylate combined atorvastatin calcium in the treatment of hypertension and high cholesterol. Methods Fifty-six cases of patients with hypertension and high cholesterol were treated with amlodipine besylate combined atorvastatin calcium, the treatment effect was observed and the patient's blood pressure before and after treatment, lipid changes and safety were analyzed. Results In 56 patients, there were 38 cases cured, 15 cases effective, the total effective rate was 94.65%, blood pressure, lipid parameters were significantly improved after treatment, and was better than before(P 0.05), but GPT, BUN, Cr and other safety detection index compared before and after treatment had no difference(P0.05). Conclusion Amlodipine besylate combined with atorvastatin calcium in treatment of hypertension associated with high cholesterol has significant clinical effect, safe and effective, worthy of clinical application.


Basic Surgery Vermilionectomy Using the W-Plasty Technique J. M. Fernandez-Vozmediano and J. C. Armario-Hita Running Vertical Mattress Suture Technique Stephen N. Snow and David Douglas Madjar, Jr. Dual Use of Monofilament Poliglecaprone in Layered Closure: Buried and Cuticular Paul J. Weber and Gale P. Oleson Short-Hand Vertical Mattress Stitch: A Rapid Skin Everting Suture Technique Stephen N. Snow and David Douglas Madjar, Jr. Modified Buried Vertical Mattress Suture: A New Technique of Buried Absorbable Wound Closure Associated with Excellent Cosmesis for Wounds Under Tension Neil S. Sadick Modified Buried Dermal Suture James D. Whalen, Diana D. Antonovich, and Siobhan C. Collins Purse String Suture in the Management of Poorly Delineated Melanoma Charles B. Toner and Mary K. Mather Stitch Removal from Hair-Bearing Areas: A Simple Method A. Sagi and P. Benmeir Simple Securing of Subcuticular Running Suture and W-Plasty Domagoj Delimar, Zdenko Stanec, and Sanda Stanec A New Skin Suture Technique for Multiple Z-Plasty Noboru Ohsumi Double-Tipped Suture Needle for Dermostitches Akira Yanai, Yuzo Komuro, and Shinichi Hirabayashi Looped Square Knot: A Useful Suture Method that Allows Removal of Stitches Without Using Scissors Akira Yanai, Yuzo Komuro, and Shinichi Hirabayashi The Round Block Distorting Purse String Suture in the Treatment of Skin Cancer of the Face: An Aesthetic and Convenient Technique Carlo Tremolada and Francesca Carota Double- and Triple-Interlocking Suture Techniques Charles H. Hutchins Bury-and-Knot Suturing Method Akira Yanai, Yuzo Komuro, and Shinichi Hirabayashi Surgical Excision of Hemangioma with Minimal Blood Loss Marwali Harahap Intraoperative Nasal Ala Immobilization Using the Foley Catheter Joseph Alcalay Tissue-Sparing Repair: A New Approach to Shorten Excisional Lines James B. Stewart, Jr., and Norman L. Levine Razor Blade Surgery Using the Castroviejo Blade Breaker and Holder Don Lum and Richard Lum Bolster Techniques in Cutaneous Surgery: The Red Rubber Robinson Effie Pappas, Kelsey Hamilton, and Robert A. Skidmore Creating a Curvilinear Scar Carl H. Manstein and Stacey Mandichak Nail Surgery Nail Plate Excision Using the Hand-Held Thermocautery Unit Stephen N. Snow and David Douglas Madjar, Jr. Treatment of the Splitting Nail with Phenol Alcohol Partial Matricectomy Robert T. Brodell and Daniel M. Miller Nail Splinting for Ingrown Toenails: A New Noninvasive Treatment Modality Klaus W. Schulte and Norbert J. Neumann The Treatment of Subungual Splinters Daniel M. Miller and Robert T. Brodell Mohs Micrographic Surgery Excision of Exposed Cartilage for Management of Mohs Surgery Defects of the Ear Paul O. Larson and David D. Madjar, Jr. Use of a Curved Blade to Harvest Mohs Micrographic Sections Ron M. Shelton Use of Multiple Different Tissue Specimens on the Same Glass Side to Enhance the Efficiency of Frozen Section Preparation in Mohs Micrographic Surgery Hugh M. Gloster, Jr. Oral Surgery Simple Techniques for the Biopsy of Oral Lesions Marwali Harahap Transfixion Technique to Treat Oral Vascular Anomalies Javier Vazquez-Doval Removal of a Large Labial Mucocele: A Cosmetic and Functional Approach Harry L. Parlette III and Eric C. Parlette Anesthesia Bilevel Anesthesia and Blunt Dissection: A New Concept for the Millennium Lawrence M. Field Automated Subcutaneous Infusion Tumescent Anesthesia with Diluted Mixtures of Prilocain and Ropivacain Helmut Breuninger Instruments/Apparatus/Supply Use of a Combination Nail Elevator and Hemostat Clamp: Innovative


alpha 1-Adrenergic receptor (AR) activation in cardiac muscle has several different physiological effects that might be mediated through different alpha 1-AR subtypes. Two alpha 1-AR subtypes have been cloned from the rat, the alpha 1B and the alpha 1D; both are present in adult rat heart. A third subtype, the alpha 1C, cloned from the cow and human, was reported to be absent in the rat. However, we recently found alpha 1C mRNA in adult rat heart by using a partial alpha 1C cDNA. Thus, all three cloned alpha 1-AR subtypes are present in the heart, but it is unknown whether each is expressed in cardiac myocytes or in cardiac fibroblasts. In the present study, the full-length rat alpha 1C-AR was cloned from cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes. alpha 1C mRNA transcripts of 3, 9.5, and 11 kb were present in adult rat heart by Northern blot analysis. alpha 1B-, alpha 1C-, and alpha 1D-subtype mRNAs were each present in isolated adult and neonatal cardiac myocytes by RNase protection assay. In addition, cultured...


In this paper, the CFD code DET3D is described which has been used for simulating assumed accident scenarios in nuclear reactors (fission and fusion, see e.g. [4, 5, 11]) involving hydrogen detonations in complex 3-dimensional geometries. Two validation calculations against experiments are discussed in detail: (i) a hydrogen-air detonation in a 12 m long straight tube with a truely 3-dimensional inner obstacle, and (ii) a pure radiolytic gas detonation in a 5 m long U-shaped tube at 44 bar initial pressure.


(57) ABSTRACT A method in an industrial safety system for controlling a process or equipment. An industrial safety system comprises components with safety devices wherein the safety system enables signals to be generated as a result of an event or alarm. The method and system uses a cause and effect matrix with automated links between each event or alarm and an effect or an action to be taken upon receipt of the event or alarm signal due to the event. In an online view of the improved cause and effect matrix, at least one effect cell of the cause and effect matrix is arranged with a first executable link for a device represented by the at least one effect cell.


Icebergs present one of the most dangerous natural phenomena for shipping, development of oil-gas fields and operation of offshore structures. It is known that icebergs of the Northern Hemisphere are smaller than their analogues in the Southern Hemisphere. One should not however, underestimate the iceberg danger in the Barents and Kara Seas, since glaciers situated on their islands and archipelagos can produce icebergs of comparatively large mass-size characteristics. In recent years, active exploration of the shelf of the Arctic Seas is carried out. From 1999, specialists of the AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute) undertake engineering surveys and scientific studies in the northeastern Barents Sea where the largest in the world Shtokman gas-condensate field (SGCF) is located. One of the objectives of ice studies is assessment of iceberg danger, while analysis of archived data is a necessary stage for its solution.


In this work a novel approach in determining the first and second order frequencydomain Volterra kernels for weakly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in semidiscrete form based on the application of the harmonic probing (HP) method is presented. This represents a formal extension of the linearized-frequency domain (LFD) methods to a nonlinear framework, leading to a so-called LFD2 method. The method allows for the representation of weak nonlinearities by solving two input-independent linear algebraic systems of equations in the frequency domain and thus circumvents the solution of the nonlinear PDE by numerical integration for each different input, representing a nonlinear reduced-order model (ROM) for the physical phenomena. The general form of the equations is derived and an application to the well known viscous Burgers' equation to show its suitability in representing the nonlinear convective term is shown. Next, an application to the compressible quasi one-dimensional unsteady flow described by the Euler equations is presented. The proposed method overcomes two constraints present in other methods for the solution of nonlinear PDEs, namely, the consideration of exclusively periodic solutions as in the harmonic balance (HB) method and the dependency of the kernels with the input signal as in the Volterra kernel identification methods.


Introduction The new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for the recent outbreak of serious respiratory diseases worldwide. The state of the global pandemic is still being declared and the virus has already claimed thousands of victims. Therapies are urgently needed to contain its rapid spread and reduce high mortality rates, no direct antiviral is yet available and several clinical trials are underway. In addition, no vaccines are currently available and any development in this direction may take several months. Experts in the field have divided SARS-Cov-2 infection into three phases. Materials and methods This article explores the scientific hypothesis based on pharmacological and molecular knowledge to consider drugs that modulate the RAS system as therapeutic agents that can help the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results It is known from the 2003 SARS epidemic that the critical receptor for SARS-CoV entry into host cells is the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE2), the strain involved in the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is similar to the SARS-CoV variety involved in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. ACE-2 is part of the RAS system, modulating this enzyme could be effective. Conclusions A scientific hypothesis is described, in the absence of studies and clinical data, based on therapeutic treatments that modulate RAS, and current knowledge of the mechanism of penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, and the role of ACE-2 in the inflammatory state of the infection.


A continuous spatial automaton is analogous to a cellular automaton, except that the cells form a continuum, as do the possible states of the cells. After an informal mathematical description of spatial automata, we describe in detail a continuous analog of Conway's "Life," and show how the automaton can be implemented using the basic operations of field computation.


This paper examines the ideas and "laws" that have been developed within, and form the basis of a range of concepts and models centred on complexity science and related issues. There are a number of reasons why such ideas might be important to consider within a social science context at the present time, not least of which is that within social and cultural interaction it is becoming clearer that the types of interactions and interdependencies are large, complex, and able to adapt to a variety of situations. These interdependencies share many features with phenomena studied within the natural sciences using complexity thinking. In this paper, the appropriateness of applying science-based models to social phenomena and the opportunities and limitations they present will be examined in detail.


We construct a maximal counterpart to the minimal quantum group-twisted tensor product of $C^{*}$-algebras studied by Meyer, Roy and Woronowicz, which is universal with respect to representations satisfying braided commutation relations. Much like the minimal one, this product yields a monoidal structure on the coactions of a quasi-triangular $C^{*}$-quantum group, the horizontal composition in a bicategory of Yetter-Drinfeld $C^{*}$-algebras, and coincides with a Rieffel deformation of the non-twisted tensor product in the case of group coactions.


A marine stratus deck sampled during the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) was simulated with a three-dimensional large eddy simulation (LES) model at different model resolutions. Variabilities in vertical velocity and cloud water from the model simulations were evaluated against those derived from the corresponding aircraft in-situ observations, focusing on standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, probability density function (PDF), power spectrum, and structure function. The results show that although the LES model reasonably well captures the lower order moments (e.g., horizontal averages and standard deviations), it fails to simulate many aspects of the higher order moments, such as kurtosis, especially near cloud base and cloud top. Further investigations of the PDFs, power spectra, and structure functions reveal that compared to the observations, the model generally underestimates relatively strong variations on small scales. The results also suggest that increasing the model resolution improves agreement between model results and the observations in virtually all of the properties that were examined. Furthermore, the results indicate that a vertical grid size < 10 m is necessary to accurately simulate even the standard-deviation profile, posing new challenges to computer resources.


The paper rejects any attempt to construe philosophy as a theoretical discipline to the extent that philosophers are excluded, or ought to be excluded, from day-to-day practical happenings in the society. It is argued that much as it is not contended that philosophy may be seen as a second-order enterprise, one branch of philosophy that cannot but be seen as practical is ethics, which is also called moral philosophy. The paper then argues that, as members of the society, philosophers must, or ought to, serve as the conscience of the people, rather than turning their back to practical issues (problems) in the name of intellectual purity. It is submitted that linguistic (or whatever) analysis is not enough contribution expected of a philosopher to the development of both humanity and society. Philosophy and philosophers are not to be seen as problem – creators, they should also be seen as people who are intellectually equipped to solve some human problems. Philosophers owe it as a duty to humanity to shun both the under-labourer conception of philosophy and the escapist habit of pushing human problems to those they believe are non-theoreticians simply for the preservation of the autonomy of their (philosophers) profession.


Long known in various metal-complexed forms, β-octabromo-meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, H3[Br8TPFPC], has not been available as a free ligand until now. It can be prepared in high yield (86%) via reductive demetalation (conc. H2SO4, FeCl2) of Mn[Br8TPFPC]. Interestingly, the same conditions did not result in demetalation of the analogous copper complex, which may be contrasted to the behavior of many other copper corroles, which demetalate cleanly. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed a unique "half-saddled" conformation, wherein two of the pyrrole rings on one side of the direct pyrrole-pyrrole linkage are strongly tilted up and down relative to each other, whereas the other two pyrrole rings are roughly in the mean plane of the macrocycle.


Inspectable student models focus on the idea of letting students and teachers interact with the representation of the student that the system maintains. Both humans and the system can benefit from this interaction. By externalizing the student model and making it an object for inspection, several representational and interaction issues arise. This paper presents ViSMod (Visualization of Bayesian Student Models) an integrated tool to visualize and inspect distributed Bayesian student models. Using ViSMod, students and teachers can understand, explore, inspect, and modify Bayesian student models. ViSMod offers a practical tool that helps students and teachers to engage in negotiated assessment processes. Student models in ViSMod follow the Bayesian belief net backbone structure proposed by Reye (1996), which describes both cognitive and social aspects of the student. In addition, we report on a usability study of the ViSMod tool and an exploratory study focused on the effects of employing various levels of guidance and support in the way students interact with inspectable Bayesian student models.


Abstract We examine Chinese President Xi Jinping's close relations with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-2018) and Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte (2016-), an outcome of China's Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). We argue strongmen use their political power, shaped by their own political-economic systems, to tap into the BRI's available capital to fuel their political agendas. We illustrate this argument in Malaysia, a country with a centralized party system, and in the Philippines, one with an oligarchy-driven economy with decentralized political parties. In Malaysia, Najib was able to directly use BRI to generate economic rents, reward business allies, and dispense patronage through company directorships and subcontracts to party members to strengthen his political position. In contrast, the Philippines' inherently coalitional system highlights the messiness as well as compromises in states with decentralized political competition. While Duterte is perceived to be an all-powerful autocrat, in reality he needs the support of major political elites, oligarchs, and local politicians for most major decisions. Duterte still used BRI to reward his cronies, weaken the opposition, and tame the oligarchs.


The application of conventional, 'scarce resource' economics to content has been mistaken and harmful. More appropriate forms of economic analysis highlight the critical role that accessibility to information plays in the process of innovation. Meanwhile, down at the micro-economic level, there is an all-too-common perception that open content approaches are unsustainable and bad for business, and reflect naïve idealism on the part of their proponents. This paper identifies a range of suitable business models, and thereby demonstrates that the content commons is sustainable and appropriate for profit-oriented business enterprises. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.040107.59 © Roger Clarke 2007. All Rights Reserved. * Xamax Consultancy Pty Ltd, Canberra, Australia. Visiting Professor at the University of N.S.W. in Sydney, the Australian National University in Canberra, and the University of Hong Kong. (2007) 4:1 SCRIPT-ed 60


In the enantioselective hydrolysis of enol esters with Pichia farinosa IAM 4682 to give α-chiral ketones, the final enantioselective protonation was found to be promoted by a factor differed from the enzyme catalyzing simple hydrolysis. The crude cell-free extracts from P. farinosa was subjected to ultracentrifugation. Although the supernatant fraction could hydrolyze 1-acetoxy-2-benzylcyclohexene (1), the resulting 2-benzylcyclohexanone (2) was a racemate. On the other hand, the precipitate could not hydrolyze 1. However, on mixing of both fractions the suspension recovered again an enantioselective ability effectively to afford optically active (R)-2. The same phenomena were observed in the hydrolysis using commercially available lipases and an esterase. These results indicate that enantioselectivity-promoting factor should be involved in the precipitate.


We report on development of a pulse generation system for realization of optical memory based on optical interference inside a fiber amplifier. Properties of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier are precisely evaluated as a memory medium. Under a CW pumping condition, pulse width, pulse interval and pumping power dependences of gain saturation are precisely measured. The dependences are discussed by assuming that the pulse width is much shorter than response times of erbium ion three-level systems.


Abstract We have measured the dielectric constants of S-(4-cyanohenyl)4-pentyl (this benzoate) [5CTB] using a simple but novel technique. We find :he dielectric anisotropy of SCTB to be 70% less than :he value expected from a linear extrapolation of dielectric constant measurements of SCTB in solution with Nematic Phase 5. This is understood in terms of the pairing hypothesis of Cladis et al.


The Vigil (2014) is the English translation of the Malayalam novel Oorukaval (2008) written by Sarah Joseph and translated by Vasanthi Sankaranarayanan. The novel recounts Ramayana from the perspective of war, women and ecology, through the eyes of Angada, a monkey as evolved as human, whose father Bali was killed by Rama. Angada's anger, anxiety and agony are picturised in the novel while he is forced to join Rama's army in search of the later's wife Sita. When the novel divulges the journey of Angada prepared for the Rama-Ravana war, it also becomes rewriting of Ramayana from an ecocentric, subaltern, female as well as Third world perspective. It also describes the far-reaching consequences of war, the perilous ecological destruction and exploitation of the underprivileged due to the greed and quest for power.
While exploring and examining the narration of nature, women, and the marginalised in the novel from an ecofeminist perspective through textual and content analysis, the paper argues that the novel propounds a new sense of eco-masculinity as opposed to the toxicity associated with the hegemonic masculinity that is war here. In addition, the non-human perspective of ecofeminism and the 'women-other human Others-nature interconnections' are vividly manifested in the novel. The ecofeminist analysis of war and its disastrous effects on women and the nature also unveil the ingrained philosophical standpoints of the novel with respect to sustainable development.
At the end, Angada throws away his weapon, along with the hatred and revenge that he has been carrying, realising its burden over humanity. Over the last thirty years of the political climate of India, Temple of Rama in Ayodhya is a contested matter and re-reading of Ramayana at this context is extremely significant, as the novel urges for re-inventing a culture of mutual co-existence.


The population of Chinese immigrants in the United States has been increasing rapidly over the past ten years. Television can be one of the primary instruments for immigrants to contact the outside environment while they are new, and socially isolated in the host country. No previous Studies have been done on this specific group (Chinese adult immigrants) to determine their television viewing motivations and preferences. This study reviewed a sample of 107 Chinese adult immigrants in the Los Angeles, California; area. The findings indicate that the five primary television viewing motivations, in order of importance, were: Relaxation, entertainment, information, companionship, and passing time. The five primary motivations for watching Chinese TV in order of importance were: Relaxation, information, entertainment, companionship, and habit. The present study also indicates that most of the respondents prefer watching Chinese television, and their channel preferences are related to their number of years living in the United States, their primary language, where they were raised, their habit of watching Chinese TV, and their frequency of watching Chinese TV.


It has been found that the analytical extraction methods cannot be applied to the usual test structure of the switch high electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) with a large‐value gate grounded resistor. The significant effect of the precise multicapacitive current path on switch model precision has also been found. The multicapacitive current path here is different from the seemingly similar hypothesis proposed for the distributed parasitic effects at high frequencies (eg, D‐band). In fact, for switch based HEMT, it is important to distinguish between the capacitive current paths accurately even at relatively low frequencies. Due to the existing of the large gate resistance, the usual capacitance mix decreases the accuracy of the switch model significantly. Thus an analytical method has been developed to calculate parasitic capacitances (the capacitance to ground and the interelectrode capacitance) through full‐wave electromagnetic analysis. For practical applications and further verification, the whole HEMT switch small‐signal models and the direct extraction methods are presented. The simulated results fit well with the measurements up to 40 GHz.


The invention provides an integrally-controlled intelligent energy-storage reset electro-hydraulic actuator comprising a hydrocylinder, an energy-storing device, an electrical control cabinet, a servo motor, a gear pump and an oil tank. The electrical control cabinet is connected with a driver of the servo motor which is connected with the gear pump to drive the same to operate to deliver hydraulic oil stored in the oil tank to the energy-storing device, and the hydrocylinder is connected with the energy-storing device. By the integrally-controlled intelligent energy-storage reset electro-hydraulic actuator, a traditional driving mode of a mechanical gear is replaced by the world's most advanced hydraulic integrated technology; the high-precision servo motor is adopted as the driving force of the pump, and the servo motor is controlled by pulsed quantity to operate, so that performances of high precision and high response are possessed; the integrally-controlled intelligent energy-storage reset electro-hydraulic actuator is large in output force and torque, small in size, and high in precision and movement speed when used for switching and regulation control.


Based on statistics available and actual situation, this paper studies the animal husbandry development in space and time in China. The present situation of animal husbandry in China and three phases of animal husbandry in the past 20 years are analyzed : the resumption phase, the phase in high speed and the phase with steady steps. After researching the gross output,the raise structure and the product of animal husbandry, we summarized the characteristic of spatial change in China animal husbandry,namely that stockbreeding production areas have no grest change as a whole except some parts. Finally, it is put forward that the structure of animal husbandry should be adjusted according to the resources in China. And foue main stockbreeding production areas come into being in China, they are Northeast area producing beeves, milk and eggs, Huanghuaihai area producing pork and eggs, Middle reaches of Yangtse river and Southwest area producing beeves and mutton.


A method is suggested for the fractionation and the determination of phenolics in white wines. The concentration of nonflavonoid phenolics, non-tannin flavonoids and tannin phenolics may be evaluated by applying the Folin-Ciocalteu reaction to the fractions obtained by selective precipitation of flavonoids with formaldehyde and of tannin phenolics with cinchonine sulfate. Good reproducibility of results was obtained in analysis of white wines. Qualitative evidence is given of the selectivity of the two precipitations.


Whether the evaluation index system of innovative capability of innovative enterprise is logical or not will influence not only the evaluation result but also the development of innovative enterprise and the improving of their innovative capability.On the basis of analysis on the influencing elements of innovative enterprise's influencing elements,this paper tries to establish an evaluation index system based on the analytic hierarchy process for innovative enterprise.Finally,it employs fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to evaluate the innovative capability of innovative enterprise and to test feasibility of evaluation index system.


The article discusses the codification of EU acts on the protection of designations of origin and geographical indications. It is noted the higher protection requirements in the EU compared to the TRIPS Agreement and the Lisbon Treaty. It is noted the difference in designations of origin and other denominations on national level. The legal regime of traditional specialities and optional quality terms is discussed with notes of features of these indication close to specific industrial property objects. The specific character of enforcement of rights on designations of origin and geographical indications is noted with more wide protection then for other IPR objects. It is noted non codification of legislation on agricultural products and foodstuffs and wines and spirits, small amount of the types of products and foodstuffs which cover the regulation in comparison of other countries, expedience of simplification of the registration for small producers.


The difficulty of water supply is a major problem faced by the households of Brazzaville in Congo. The objective of this study is to list and identify the different types of water used, and to assess the general hygiene of households. The method used in this prospective study is based on an onsite survey and direct measurement. The survey involves administering a questionnaire to the households in the 9 districts of the city of Brazzaville. 630 households were surveyed. 70 households were drawn in this study and were selected in each borough. There are many sources of water. Overall, 80.16% of households consume water from the SNDE. The survey revealed that 71.00% of households walk on foot to get access to water supply. Plastic cans and buckets are used more in the transportation (43.00 and 37.00 %) and storage (45.00 and 39.00 %) of water. The water storage period is relatively long. It can hold water from 3 days (21.00%) to more than one week (13.00 %) for some households. Analysis of the results of the survey showed that the sources of water supply are diversified. This diversification is due to the phenomenon of shortage and/or repeated water cut recorded by households. Water supply, transport and storage practices, and the cleaning of water containers highlight the precarious conditions of hygiene and sanitation households in the city of Brazzaville


Abstract In the last decade, manufacturing automation systems have experienced a strong trend towards an increasing complexity, variability and flexibility caused by growing product spectra and declining lot sizes. To cope with the growing requirements of today's automation system, the application of modular mechatronical units have been explored resulting in distributed control systems. An upcoming standard, the IEC 61499 Function Blocks, provides the according programming technologies for the engineer to handle such systems. With the application of distributed control systems and the integration of new communication technologies as for example Industrial Ethernet communication systems the communication within control systems grows up and reaches a new level were system safety and security get a higher impact on the applicability of manufacturing systems. These two aspects are not yet directly covered by the IEC 61499 standard. Within this paper a possible way of integration of necessary activities to ensure system safety and security (so called Safety and Security Actions) in a standard conform way in a distributed control system is described.


Laser Doppler (LD) nowmetry was successfully applied to study inner ear microcirculation using experimental animals. Effects to cochlear blood flow, systemic blood pressure and skin blood flow are discussed. A technical problem of laser Doppler flowmetry, especially during its application to a vibrating scattering target, are also discussed.


To solve the problem of the low coring recovery rate in complex formations,this work designed an advanced lateral jet wire-line coring tool including a no-pump joint,pawl spring and advanced lateral jet bit. It is a new coring tool,based on common wire line,and combined with the no-pump reverse circulation coring tool. The results of field experiments show that it can realize the normal operation in broken and soft strata,with the coring recovery rate 94% in the testing intervals of boreholes,and greatly improve the core recovery.


Sanctity and Secularity during the Modernist Period. Six Perspectives on Hagiography around 1900 = Six perspectives sur l'hagiographie aux alentours de 1900. Edited by Lawrence F Barmann and C. J. T Talar. (Brussels: Societe des Bollandistes. 1999. Pp. xi, 187. EUR 35 paperback.) Cultural change alters perceptions. Examination of perceptual changes, therefore, can open a window to underlying socio-cultural shifts, and vice versa. This rich collection of essays, two in French, four in English, focuses on the shifting perception of sanctity within the Roman Catholic Church during the Modernist period. The six figures studied are remarkably diverse: (1) Hipployte Delehaye, a Belgian Jesuit Bollandist (B. Joassart); (2) Albert Houtin, identified French Modernist, who left the priesthood and the Church (C. Talar); (3) Henri Bremond, French Jesuit friend of leading Modernists, left the Jesuits and devoted his life to studying sanctity (t. Goichot); (4) Friedrich von Hiigel, the "lay bishop of the Modernist Movement" but deeply pious and committed to the Church, focused his scholarship on the nature of sanctity (L. Barmann); Paul Sabatier, French Calvinist keenly interested in the issues of the Modernist Movement, best remembered for his biography of St. Francis of Assisi (C. Talar); and Joris-Karl Huysmans, French Catholic novelist, a leading figure in the Decadent reaction against rationalism and Modernism, found an antidote in the lives of saints (C. Talar). The essays, uniformly strong and exceptionally well researched, will be of interest to historians and theologians alike. They chronicle an impassioned search for the meaning of sanctity during a particularly fractious era and show how ideology enthralls constructs for its own ends, even such a wholesome construct as "sanctity." Christian saints themselves may be victimized by ideology but are not co-opted by it; they are free. Canonizing them is another matter. They must pass muster before the canonizing institution. Enter ideology. These studies, particularly those by Joassart and Talar, show how during the nineteenth century, two schools of hagiography squared off: the ecole legendaire and the 6cole critique, the former credulously accepting legends of miraculous events as hallmarks of divine validation, the latter attempting to ground legends in historical records and, while not discounting the miraculous, finding sanctity's superseding canon to be identification with Christ. …


In this paper, we re-examine the dynamic relationship between stock returns and inflation in Turkey for the period 1996:1-2009:11. The results indicate that linearity is rejected in favor of a TVECM specification. Thus, our results suggest the presence of nonlinear cointegration between stock returns and inflation.


This research proposes a software-defined multilevel inverter topology for use in motor drives. Each cell consists of elementary power conversion modules that consist of power FETs, filtering, and local control. They are aggregated by software to form a multilevel topology demonstrating a simplified construction of a larger converter from component cells. A 5-Cell converter is simulated to validate the design, and the resulting voltage and current waveforms are shown. Dynamic modelling of the converter is also discussed. [1] demonstrated that high-performance module-level controls enable stacked converters and mitigate resonances. The simulated 2.5 kW, 5-level motor drive has 300 Hz torque control bandwidth. The modular stacked design provides dynamic voltage sharing. This allows commonly available fast, low on resistance switches to be used.


This Study aims at identifying the natural geographical conditions experienced in the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula throughout the geological history. The study focuses on the Pliestoceme period which witnessed a drastic climate change  and impacts on geographical nature of various land and sea surfaces in the region. A number of research methodologies such as the historical, inductive, regional, and descriptive were adopted. The study arrived at  several conclusions of which the most important is that sand dunes were formed in several intervals during the period, Moreover, most of the Sand Seas in the Empty Quarter (Al Ruba Al Khali) and in Al Nafud Al Kabeer deserts were formed from silt sediments transported by winds form the lacustrine deltas, sea coasts, and outcrops of sedimentary rock.


SYNOPSIS Rubber-to-steel bonded automotive components in temperate climates often suffer separation of the rubber from the steel, with corrosion evident on all exposed surfaces of the steel – including that originally bonded. The objective of this chapter is to clarify whether corrosion causes the bond to fail, or whether it merely attacks the metal exposed by the bond failure. This chapter shows that the phenomenon may be simulated in the laboratory, either by salt spray tests or simply by immersion in aerated salt solution. Since bond failure does not occur for rubber bonded to electrochemically passive substrates, such as nylon, and is greatly reduced in deionised water, it is concluded that it is electrochemical in origin. Possible mechanisms are discussed in the light of a review of similar phenomena observed with coatings for metal.


Though tuberculous infection constitutes one of the more common causes of death and morbidity in the developing world, hepatic tuberculosis is a rare presentation. Hepatic involvement, usually in the form of multiple small-sized miliary nodules, is seen along with other organ involvement. In contrast, isolated hepatic tuberculosis is seldom encountered in clinical practice. In this article we highlight about the serohepatic tuberculosis which is a rare presentation among other hepatic tuberculosis types. Uniquely, the patient had sub capsular as well as extra-capsular involvement. Diagnosis involved imaging and histopathological examination. Keyword: USG, CT, Tuberculoma, Hepatic tuberculosis.


A fluid pulsed generator system including an elongated tubular member of uniform elastic parameters constructed for receiving fluid flow therein and abruptly terminating said flow to create an acoustic pulse containing most of its acoustic energy in the zero to 160 Hertz frequency spectrum. The system generates a directionally distinctive acoustic pulse. The system includes a fluid reservoir adapted for supplying a suitably high fluid pressure for driving a fluid through the elongated tubular member with sufficient velocity to generate an acoustic pulse basically of the classical water hammer variety The device is provided in a marine configuration comprising an elongated acoustic radiating conduit containing the water hammer generated pressure pulse adapted for trailing from a vessel beneath the surface of a body of water. In a land based environment, the acoustic radiating conduit is encompassed within an elongated bladder having an enlarged base section and filled with the fluid to be circulated through the acoustic radiating conduit, providing a means for return utilization of the fluid and providing a desirable transfer medium between the acoustic pulse generated within the conduit and the earth's surface therebeneath. In the present invention, the entire length of the elongated tubular member itself manifests the use of the water hammer energy to generate an acoustic pulse whose frequency content lies almost entirely in the zero to 160 Hertz band. The distribution of the acoustic pulse generating water hammer wave along the elongated conduit provides a means for controlling the directionality of the radiated acoustic wave.


Abstract A series of copolymers of L-leucine and L-glutamic acid was prepared as a model system for collagen, and the dynamic mechanical behavior was investigated as a function of water content. The results suggest a spectrum of waterpolymer interactions with the two predominant types represented by "tightly bound" and "loosely bound" water. Each gives rise to a characteristic relaxation peak: the former at 180–200°K (1 Hz) and the latter at about 260°K (1 Hz). One of the poly-α-amino acids, a 50:50 copolymer of L-leucine and L-glutamic acid, sorbed an amount of water comparable to that of native collagen. Below physiological temperature the relaxation spectrum of this polymer closely resembles that reported for collagen in both temperature location and intensity of relaxation peaks. This suggests that the use of model polymers may be of significant value in elucidating the structure and function of water in structural proteins.


e19583 Background: Monitoring the quality of life (QoL) is very important for patients (pts) during breast cancer (BC) treatment (Tx). We aimed to determine the factors affecting QoL among pts with BC in Turkey.

METHODS
We measured the QoL of pts with BC by using the version of 12-item SF-12 QoL Scale. We also evaluated the clinical validity of Turkish versions of other QoL questionnaires including EORTC, QLQ-C30, Rosenberg, FACT, FLIC, and EQ-5D, as well as the associations among those.

RESULTS
A total of 916 out of 1,000 enrolled pts with BC were eligible for the study. The mean age at study entry was 52.2±12.2 years. Education level, comorbidity, disease stage, performance status, time from diagnosis (Dx), metastatic disease, and the Dx/Tx combination were the factors affecting QoL. The lowest QoL score was in metastatic pts who were treated with chemotherapy. Age, income, and local recurrence did not effect QoL in these pts. SF-12 correlated moderately with FLIC, EORTC and EQ-5D (r=-.54, .50 and .41; all p<0.001). The highest internal consistency was obtained with the EORTC scale (Cronbach's α= 0.88).

CONCLUSIONS
QoL scales showed low to moderate correlations with each other. They evaluate different aspects of the QoL in BC pts and, except for Rosenberg, are sensitive to clinical variations. [Table: see text].


This study examines the relationship between intellectual leadership, the anticipation of new technologies, and mass customization. According to the knowledge management perspective, we explain how intellectual leadership influences mass customization via anticipation of new technologies. In addition, this study investigates the moderating role of customer market knowledge in this relationship. Our results suggest that customer market knowledge strengthened the direct effect of intellectual leadership on anticipation of new technologies and the indirect effect of intellectual leadership on mass customization via anticipation of new technologies. Theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research are discussed.


Dementias are neurodegenerative disorders that lead, in their advanced stages, to experiencing existential distress. Behavioral acting out is to be considered here as a way for the individual to resolve this distress. This article focuses more specifically on Godot syndrome, very poorly developed in the gerontological literature, which could be a demonstration of the temporality failure that causes repetition. This syndrome is named after the famous play by Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot, in which he wrote "it is a game in order to survive." From theoretical, clinical, and literary considerations leading to a problematization of the issues of this syndrome, the author invites the reader to think about the ethics of psychological care.


personal situation. In some experiments children are exposed to aggressive films and then asked which of various alternate behaviours they would exercise against another child. What the child says he would do is not necessarily related to what he actually would do in an interpersonal situation. In other experiments, after exposure to an aggressive film, the child takes part in a task where he can administer punishment, in the form of an electric shock, to another child in a separate room. Once again this is not a face to face situation, and whether a child can conceive the effects of his actions on his supposed victim is questionable. These studies do little more than imply the effect ofviolence on television on social behaviour, and do not take into account the social and moral constraints which can operate in an actual interpersonal situation. Kniveton & Stephenson (1973b) report that children playing in pairs in a frustrating situation, where only one child at a time could play with a toy, did not aggress violently after seeing a film of children fighting over the use of a toy. Fighting behaviour was rarely observed in the forty-eight pairs ofchildren, although more socially acceptable competitive behaviour, such as verbal demands and sabotage, were practised. It would appear that social constraints against violence are a powerful antidote to the influence of violence on film. The only positive evidence which demonstrates the effect of exposure to aggressive films on interpersonal behaviour comes from a few naturalistic observations on groups of children in a play situation, where there is a correlation between exposure to and performance of aggression.


Label distribution learning (LDL) is an emerging learning paradigm, which can be used to solve the label ambiguity problem. In spite of the recent great progress in LDL algorithms considering label correlations, the majority of existing methods only measure pairwise label correlations through the commonly used similarity metric, which is incapable of accurately reflecting the complex relationship between labels. To solve this problem, a novel label distribution learning method—based on high‐order label correlations (LDL‐HLC) is proposed. By virtue of the l1$$ {l}_1 $$ ‐regularization sparse reconstruction of the label space, the high‐order label correlations matrix is firstly obtained. Then, a new regular term can be constructed to fit the final prediction label distribution via the correction matrix. Furthermore, efficient classification performance and complete feature selection are guaranteed by common features learning via l21$$ {l}_{21} $$ ‐regularization. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are well illustrated through extensive experiments on 14 label distribution datasets and comparisons with some existing algorithms.


The reactivity of blood vessels to DL-noradrenahne and angiotensin II was examined using the perfusion technic of isolated hindlimbs of rats and rabbits. Rats with Goldblatt hypertension and animals treated with DOCA, agniotensin II and NaCl; with D-aldosterone 21-monoacetate, angiotensin II and NaCl for 4 weeks; and with angiotensin II were found to show an increased reactivity to vasoactive substances, an increase in the vascular wall potassium content and decrease in serum potassium concentration. Rats treated with aminonucleoside and with carbon tetrachloride had a decreased reactivity and a decreased potassium content of their arterial walls. Vascular reactivity was elevated in the hind-limbs of rabbits perfused with the solution containing a high concentration of potassium, while it was almost normal when the solution containing a low concentration of potassium was used. The changes in reactivity of the hindlimb vessels did not always parallel the blood pressure changes. These results show that the changes in the intracellular potassium concentra-tion seem to be more important determinants of the changes in the reactivity of the hindlimb vessels to vasoactive agents than the changes in the extracellular potassium concentration.


Enhancement of russian commodies and services obtaining special importance in conditions entrying Russia to WTO. Analysing of sequence stages deployment declaration in accordance; completed monitoring, selecting the scheme which by will pass declaration in accordance. Working data help in time of getting accordance for outputting sausage production, which can allow uninterrupted production at open joint-stock company «Vurnarskii myasokombinat».


USING A SUPERCRITICAL ANTI-SOLVENT PROCESS 2 3 4 P. BENELLI 1 , S. R. ROSSO COMIM 1 , R. C. PEDROSA 2 , J. V. de OLIVEIRA 1 , S. R. S. 5 FERREIRA 1 6 7 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia 8 de Alimentos 9 2 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica 10 E-mail para contato: email@example.com 11 12 ABSTRACT This research aimed the encapsulation of guaçatonga (Casearia 13 sylvestris) extract in the biopolymer Pluronic F127 by means of supercritical anti14 solvent (SAS) technique. The system was composed by guaçatonga extract, 15 Pluronic F127, organic solvent (ethanol or ethyl acetate) and supercritical carbon 16 dioxide (CO2). Supercritical C. sylvestris extract was obtained at 50oC, 300 bar 17 and CO2 flow rate of 8.3 ± 2 g/min added of 5% (wt/wt) of ethanol, for 3.5 h of 18 extraction. SAS conditions applied for the encapsulation ranged from 110 to 170 19 bar at 35oC and 45oC, based on precipitation tests and on the phase behavior of 20 the system. The morphology of the particles obtained by SAS method and the 21 particle size were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, being 22 considered as shapeless within the micrometric range. The interaction between the 23 polymer and the encapsulated extract was verified by differential scanning 24 calorimetry indicating that co-precipitated particles were produced. 25 26


Continuing developments in DNA-based digital data storage systems promise us a sustainable, techno-utopian future; propositioning bio-digital solutions addressing the ever-increasing global data production, and inadequacies of conventional storage infrastructure to meet the demand. Distinct attributes of DNA make it an attractive archival medium. With its ability to retain high density of digital information cheaply, and to do so over multi-lifespans, DNA-based storage systems are seen as able to radically shape how we archive and use data, across wide-ranging applications. However, while the stakeholders continue to refine and race towards commercialization of the emerging technology, its sociocultural and ethical implications remain unexplored, limiting opportunities to generate insights on how such systems could be better designed and experienced. This workshop begins to explore what our DNA-mediated archival futures may hold. We learn about the fundamental principles governing the new technology and create stories about its pervasion in our lives, mediated through design fiction and structured discourse.


Chepang, inhabiting the rugged terrain of Mahabharat and Churia range in central Nepal, is a group of indigenous people suffering from severe food insecurity. Their ancestors lived a semi-nomadic life up to one and half century back. To a large extent, Chepang still continue their traditional way of living, which includes collection of wild tubers ('kandamul'), hunting and fishing. Chepangs are especially connected with the tubers of Dioscorea spp. Wild and cultivated species of Dioscorea are being used as sources of carbohydrates to supplement cereal food. However, dependency on such wild food is decreasing with adoption of agriculture. In this study we documented local knowledge on the diversity and use of Dioscorea species among Chepang in Dhusa and Jogimara Village Development Committees in Dhading district. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, forest transect walk and participatory observations. Out of 13 species of Dioscorea reported from all over Nepal, 10 species have been recorded from the study area. Chepang people use one species (Dioscorea deltoidea) as detergent and the rest nine species are exclusively used as food although many of them have multiple utilities. Chepang people have diverse knowledge in the identification, processing and consumption of wild tubers of Dioscorea spp. and such knowledge might have developed as a strategy to combat severe food scarcity. Use of disproportionately higher number of Dioscorea species by a single ethnic group and within a comparatively small territory indicates very close affinity of local cultural practice and the nature. The richness of knowledge associated with wild tubers and high dependency of Chepang on them is the manifestation of severe food insecurity and traditional mode of life due to their social and economic isolation for long time.


Introduction The Universe Type System [1] allows a programmer to control aliasing and dependencies in object-oriented programs by applying an ownership relation to structure the object store. The so-called Generic Universe Types [2] are an extension allowing generic types similar to Java 5 or C# 2.0. This gives even stronger static guarantees and preserves the owner-as-modifier discipline and the small annotation overhead.


Reliable prediction of wave run-up/overtopping and structure damage is a key task in the design and safety assessment of coastal and harbor structures. Run-up/overtopping and damage must be below acceptable limits, both in extreme and in normal operating conditions, to guarantee the stability of the structure as well as the safety of people and assets on and behind the structure. The mean-sea-level rise caused by climate change and its effects on wave climate may increase run-up/overtopping events and make the existing coastal/harbour structures more vulnerable to damage. Accurate estimates, through physical modelling, of the statistics of overtopping waves for a set of climate change conditions, are needed. Project HYDRALAB+ (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015) gathers an advanced network of environmental hydraulic institutes in Europe, which provides access to a suite of environmental hydraulic facilities. They play a vital role in the development of climate change adaptation strategies, by allowing the direct testing of adaptation measures and by providing data for numerical model calibration and validation. The use of physical (scale) models allows the simulation of extreme events as they are now, and as they are projected to be under different climate change scenarios. The experimental work developed at LNEC within HYDRALAB+, TASK 8.2 of RECIPE, entitled "Damage characterization under variable and unsteady test conditions", considers 2D damage and overtopping tests for a rock armor slope, with four different approaches to represent storms: a standard cumulative storm build-up (with increasing wave heights) with increasing water level; a standard cumulative storm build-up with a constant water level; a constant wave period; and a standard storm build-up, with a constant water level and with rebuilding. This paper presents a comparison of measured (physical model tests) and predicted (empirical formulae) mean overtopping discharges and individual overtopping volumes at a cross-section of a rubble mound breakwater.


Background. Traditional approaches to Javal's rule do not use data from subjects with oblique astigmatism and have not been used to make predictions about subjects with oblique astigmatism. Vector approaches to analyzing refractive error can circumvent these problems. Method. Subjects were 993 Singaporean schoolchildren. We performed linear regression of refractive error astigmatism on corneal astigmatism, using J0 vectors to describe with-the-rule and against-the-rule astigmatism and J45 vectors to describe oblique astigmatism. Results. We obtained the following statistically significant regression relationships: RJ0 = 0.931 × CJ0 − 0.276 and RJ45 = 0.638 × CJ45 + 0.010, where R and C denote refractive error astigmatism and corneal astigmatism, respectively. Conclusion. Our vector-based Javal's rule gives closer predictions of refractive astigmatism than the original Javal's rule and the simplified Javal's rule and can be applied in cases of corneal oblique astigmatism.