Induction of helical mesophases by incorporating chiral dopants into the nematics matrix is the promising modern trends in the chemistry of liquid crystals. This process is associated with a unique phenomenon - an amplification of chirality in liquid-crystalline phases, which ensures the detection of enantiomers by their chiral induction, much more sensitive than other methods. The relevance of this approach is due to the need to create perspective electro-optical devices operating with ultra-low control voltages based on twist effects, chromatographic stationary phases with high chiral selectivity, flexible magnets, photo-sensitive nanostructures, and other smart LC materials. The successful solution of these problems is impossible without experimental research and theoretical comprehension of the mechanisms of third level chiral transfer optically active dopant – nematic liquid crystal. In the last decade, a large number of works have appeared on the solution of these problems. This review is devoted to a generalization of the experimental results and a theoretical description of the transfer of molecular chirality to orientationally ordered systems with the participation of both chiral molecular substituents with an asymmetric carbon atom and planar or quasi-planar fragments chirally distorted relative to each other. The stereochemical aspects of induction associated with the structural correspondences of the dopant and nematic liquid crystal, as well as the main classes of optically active additives, are discussed. Application of metal complexes, both Werner and macroheterocyclic, are presented. Special attention is paid to the results of the mechanisms study of chiral transfer due to various intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, axial coordination, and the formation of inclusion compounds. The high efficiency of induction of spiral mesophases has been demonstrated with a combination of different self-assembly mechanisms in liquid crystal - chiral additive systems.


Previous research suggests that rivers transport large amounts of aged allochthonous material, but it is unclear how much of this material contributes nutritionally to macroinvertebrate biomass. Furthermore, little research has investigated allochthonous vs autochthonous nutritional resource use by macroinvertebrates in the tributaries and low-order streams of major river systems. The primary goal of this study was to quantify both the sources and ages of organic matter (OM) that contributes to the nutrition of stream macroinvertebrates in different functional feeding groups (FFGs). We used natural abundance stable (δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H) and radiogenic (Δ14C) isotopes to assess resource use in a network of 7 subwatershed streams in the Susquehanna River basin. Isotope mixing models revealed that autochthonous OM contributed as much as 80% of macroinvertebrate biomass for scraper, filtering collector, and collector–gatherer FFGs, whereas allochthonous sources contributed much less (6–44%) to macroinvertebrate biomass of these FFGs. However, allochthonous OM contributed up to 73% of shredder FFG biomass. Contributions of aged (ranging from 75–11,700 y B.P.) OM to macroinvertebrate biomass varied by macroinvertebrate group. Chironomids assimilated the most aged OM (43%) of any macroinvertebrate group, most of which was from soil and sediment sources. We also found that macroinvertebrates in a stream with active methane seepage had the oldest C in their tissues of the streams in this study (5600–4200 y B.P.), which was probably a result of the macroinvertebrates consuming C derived from this methane seep. Our findings show that the sources and ages of OM assimilated by macroinvertebrates largely varied as a function of FFG and that these differences probably resulted from FFG habitats and diet preferences, as well as the presence or absence of ancient forms of C in streams.


Members of Quaker Meetings may be analyzed according to Weber's traditional or charismatic types. Charismatics show greater commitment and higher education and greater educational mobility. Both charismatics and traditionals show further variation according to the nature of religious career, but the traditional shows inferior commitment regardless of career type. The Society of Friends (Quakers) is a religious sect that was organized in England in the Seventeenth Century. In addition to the group's dedication to peace and good works, it is noted for not having clergy or a liturgy. Religious services for Quakers consist of silent gatherings in which there may or may not be spoken messages by attenders. Most Quaker groups distinguish between persons born into membership ("birthright") and those who join volitionally ("convinced") a distinction that suggests application of Max Weber's theoretical distinction between traditionalism and charisma (Weber, 1963 :46). Weber used the term "charisma" to refer to the possession of unusual personal qualities. He distinguished the prophet from the priest: The latter may bear properties of charisma in his person but primarily he possesses the authority of traditional office; the prophet, on the other hand , is totally charismatic and was seen by Weber in two main types the emissary and the exemplary. For Quakers, the ideal is clearly the exemplary prophet. The problem of the Society in accommodating both birthright and convinced members is exacerbated by the sect-like nature cf Quaker organization . A sect tends either to die out when its original protest has been satisfied, or to survive by adoption of new purposes, formal theologies, and elaborate church organization. In his treatment of this theme, Yinger described the Society of Friends (Quakers) as an "established sect" a group that had achieved stability without complete transformation to denominational or universal church form (Yinger, 1957: 148-155). Bryan Wilson described Quakers as an "introversionist sect" that "rejects the world's values and replaces them with higher inner values, for the realization of which inner resources are cultivated" (Wilson, 1959:5). The combination of these descriptions provides an adequate brief rubric for examining contemporary Quakerism. The main organizational problem of Quakers as an established introversionist sect is, thus, to provide for group survival while remaining close to the original introversionist mode. One main branch of American Quakerism has consistently chosen to attempt to remain close to its sectlike origins and can be studied as a representative group. The survival of this group in nearly original form over more than one generation presents an example of Web1 Jack C. Ross, M.S., George Williams College, irr Group Work Administration, 1954; Ph.D., University of Minnesota , Sociology, 1964; currently, Assistant Professor of Sociology. The University of South Florida. Tampa. 12 er's problem: How can exemplary prophecy be maintained in succeeding generations? The thesis of this research is that established introversionist-sect Quakers achieve viability over many generations by creating and rewarding a religious role that of charismatic exemplary prophet. When the decision to try to survive as a group has been made, the maintenance of prophecy can take two main forms: routinization of charisma ( typically by prophetic succession, education, or socialization of progeny), or by recruitment or proselytizing of new members. For the Twentieth-Century Quakers studied here, the introversionist commitment rules out evangelistic convincement as a tactic; the exemplary prophet role can be achieved only as the result of personal experience and inner cultivation. Religious education has long had a special place in Quaker practice and is the main means of attempting to routinize charisma, once religious formalism has been rejected . Religious education, however, cannot ordinarily be expected to result in the ideal form of exemplary prophecy, which is, by its very nature, a fresh and unique product. We would expect, therefore, to find attempted personal achievement of exemplary prophecy as the modal type ( hypothesis number one). For this hypothesis to have logical meaning, it must be demonstrated that the Quaker groups studied are of the sect-like type described. The groups considered have all rejected professional clergy and have repeatedly demonstrated preference for primitive Quakerism in many ways. They show consistent preference for flexible administration, low budgets, radical politics, radical social action, benevolence, and charitable activities (Ross, 1964) . Growth toward religious participation can be described as a career analogous in many respects to a patterned series of movements into a profession (Becker, 1961: 239-254 ; Becker, 1960: 38-40). Membership is a status in an organization that is achieved over time by a process of learning certain roles that are associated with the subculture of the organization. Role assimi/cition is a membership career featured by gradual growth (Zetterberg, 1952: 159-166). Sudden role idemification is a membership career featuring rapid change from passive to active participation (Zetterberg, 1952 : 159-166). Sudden role change is equivalent to the classical notion of conversion, but it is an event, not a career. In order that an organization may endure, membership careers must result in commitment. Commitment refers to "the cathectic-evaluative orientation of an actor The Minnesota Academy of Science to an object, characterized in terms of intensity and direction" (Etzioni, 1961: 8-9). Commitment results from learning roles that are associated in institutions. Institutions are patterned sequences of the behavior of individuals in or relating to these institutions. Enactment of one role invokes the expectancy of enactment of others. If a person accepts (gives positive cathectic-evaluative orientation) one role, persons who have already accepted the full range of institutional roles will expect his similar orientation in suitable associated roles. Commitment logically turns on this aspect of association of roles in institutions. Higher commitment would be expected, after time, among those with greater role-learning opportunities. Therefore, those persons who have role assimilation careers ( either "birthright" or "convinced") will be found to have a higher level of commitment than those who have sudden role identification careers (hypothesis number two). And, following hypothesis one, "convinced" Friends ( i.e., those who join and persist) will have role assimilation careers more often than sudden role identification careers ( hypothesis number three), and therefore will have a higher commitment (hypothesis number four). Just as sudden role identification is contrary to introversionist accomplishment and suspect of spurious charisma, conversion is even more inappropriate. Therefore, no sudden role change would be expected (hypothesis number five). Those who achieve the status of convinced Friend will be expected to have the higher level of education necessary for this individual accomplishment (hypothesis number six) and a higher general level of achievement orientation (hypothesis number seven).


Wild‐type cultured cells of the frog cell line ICR 2A give rise to 5‐bromodeoxyridine (BUdR)‐resistant colonies only when the selecting concentration of the drug is 5 × 10−5 M or lower. The progeny of these colonies multiply in 10−4 M BUdR; resistance is correlated with the absence of a thymidine (TdR)‐specific transport reaction with a Km in the range of 2–7 × 10−4 M. All of the TdR transport‐deficient (TT‐) isolates examined (25) had TdR kinase activity (4% to 100% of wild‐type). Variants deficient in TdR kinase activity (5% of wild‐type) were obtained by exposing TT‐cultures to 10−3 M BUdR. The TK ‐ variants multply continuously in 10−3 M BUdR and retain the phenotype after prolonged culture in the absence of the drug. The frequency with which they occur is increased 20 to 50 fold by prior treatment of the culture with ICR 191, an acridine mustard mutagen.


Given a set O of weighted objects, a set S of sites, and a query site s, the bichromatic RNN query computes the influence set of s, or the set of objects in O that consider s as the nearest site among all sites in S. The influence of a site s can be defined as the total weight of its RNNs. This paper addresses the new and interesting problem of finding the top-t most influential sites from S, inside a given spatial region Q. A straightforward approach is to find the sites in Q, and compute the RNNs of every such site. This approach is not efficient for two reasons. First, all sites in Q need to be identified whatsoever, and the number may be large. Second, both the site R-tree and the object R-tree need to be browsed a large number of times. For each site in Q, the R-tree of sites is browsed to identify the influence region -- a polygonal region that may contain RNNs, and then the R-tree of objects is browsed to find the RNN set. This paper proposes an algorithm called TopInfluential-Sites, which finds the top-t most influential sites by browsing both trees once systematically. Novel pruning techniques are provided, based on a new metric called minExistDNN. There is no need to compute the influence for all sites in Q, or even to visit all sites in Q. Experimental results verify that our proposed method outperforms the straightforward approach.


Based on the analysis of literature reading effects on college student's moral education,patriotism education as well as individual personality,in this paper,the significance of the literature on quality education of students was discussed.


Introduction: We describe for the first time, a novel chromosomal translocation in AML. The cells bearing this translocation proliferated rapidly following stimulation with ATRA in vitro. A 30-year old woman presented with monocytic AML. Karyotype revealed: 46,XX,t(9;11)(p22;q23)[13]/46,XX[7]. Mutational analysis showed an activating mutation in NRAS (c.34G>A; p.G12S). She achieved remission with standard induction therapy followed by cytarabine consolidation in the absence of an optimal donor. Following a disease free interval of 8 months, she relapsed. Karyotype at relapse: 46,XX,t(4;15)(q31;q22),t(9;11)(p22;q23)[20] (Figure 1). Mutational analysis revealed no new mutations. In the setting of chemotherapy refractory disease, she was enrolled on a phase I clinical trial combining escalating doses of TCP (tranylcypromine, Parnate¨) with fixed doses of ATRA (NCT02273102). The patient died from rapid disease progression shortly after her first cycle of therapy. Unexpectedly, we observed a rapid proliferation in the patient9s blasts following treatment with ATRA in vitro. We hypothesized that the novel t(4;15) translocation was involved in the regulation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling, and may have contributed to the rapid disease progression observed in this patient when she was treated with ATRA. To this end, we fully characterized the fusion gene and created a cell line bearing the translocation. Using these cells, we will further elucidate the mechanisms accounting for a rare and potentially clinically relevant effect of ATRA, in vitro. Methods: Cytogenetics and molecular-cytogenetic techniques, next generation sequencing (WES), RNA-seq, RT-PCR, and direct Sanger sequencing were used to map the chromosomal translocation. Cell proliferation and Annexin V apoptosis assays were used to test the effects of ATRA and various retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists and antagonists in vitro. Cells were treated with ATRA, RARα, and RARγ agonists and antagonists for 72 h and cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured with CellTiter-Glow (Promega)¨ luminescence viability assay and Annexin V/PI staining (FACS), respectively. Results: We mapped the t(4;15)(q31;q22) at the single nucleotide level, and discovered a novel fusion of TMEM154 (4q31.3) and RASGRF1 (15q24.2) genes at both the DNA and RNA level. The fusion protein included exons 1-6 from TMEM154 and exons 15-24 from RASGRF1. RASGRF1 (Ras protein specific nucleotide releasing factor 1) activates Ras by catalyzing the exchange of Ras-bound GDP for GTP. We determined that TMEM154 (transmembrane protein 154) is regulated by RA based on gene expression profiling. This particular translocation appears to result in a proliferative advantage in AML cells treated with RAR agonists such as ATRA, even at physiological levels (10 nM) (Figure 2). In MLL-rearranged cell lines without t(4;15), ATRA has a neutral or anti-proliferative effect, suggesting that the t(4;15) product interacts with the RA pathway to induce proliferation of AML blasts. We hypothesize that by increasing expression of TMEM154-RASGRF1, ATRA drives proliferation through Ras signaling. Of note, RAR antagonists inhibited proliferation and induced cell death (Figure 2). Also, treating the cells with MAP Kinase and Ras inhibitors consistently diminished the proliferative effect of ATRA. Updated studies shedding light on the mechanism of interaction between RA signaling and the TMEM154-RASGRF1 fusion protein will be presented. Conclusions: Our study for the first time identifies t(4;15) as a novel and pathogenic translocation in AML. This rare event may confer a proliferative advantage in the presence of ATRA and caution is advised should patients with this lesion be considered for treatment with ATRA. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Solutions of the time-dependent Boltzmann equation for gases are considered. The Boltzmann equation is first linearized by considering only small deviations from equilibrium. From the solutions of the linearized equation, a variational principle is developed, which permits the estimation of the eigen-values by a method of successive approximations. In this paper we calculate the lowest non-zero characteristic rate of relaxation for spherically symmetrical distributions. The distribution function is assumed to be uniform in the configuration space. Eigenvalues have been evaluated for gases whose particles interact with a law of force of the form Q(a/r)s where r is the distance between a pair of particles. The cases s=2, 5 and infinity have been considered in detail. In the cases s=2, the impact parameter is cut off at the Debye shielding distance. The calculations are extended to include the case of a two-component mixture of gases.


Electrolytic lesions in the ventral hypothalamus of 28 adult male white-crowned sparrows interrupted photoperiodically induced hyperphagia and fat deposition. Lesions in posterior regions of the infundibular nuclear complex or median eminence (22 birds) eliminated both the fattening response and testicular recrudescence. Lesions restricted to the anterior division of the median eminence or the tractus hypophyseus (6 birds) eliminated the fattening response only.


Rupture evolution process to large earthquake from its initiation is still hot topics in seismology. Many analysis and seismograms of major earthquakes show complexity of source process resulting from heterogeneous slip distribution on source fault and its time history. Smaller earthquake generally shows apparent simple rupture process. As one model to explain source evolution and size relation for smaller and large earthquake, hierarchy model was proposed (e.g. Fukao and Furumoto, 1985). In this study, we review last 20 years broadband seismograms excited by world-wide deep earthquakes and re-evaluate evolution model of rupture process. Moment rate function of large size earthquake generally shows complexity of rupture process. As for shallow earthquake, body wave inversion are required including realistic earth's shallow structure model to get source time function. Meanwhile moment rate function of deep earthquake is obtained relative easily and stably using P-wave form. By global seismic network, world-wide deep earthquakes are recorded in homogenous sensitivity and station coverage. From earthquake catalogue, recent 20 years deep seismic events are searched and applied grouping in hypocenters' area. From our broadband seismogram data base, we archived P wave waveforms that their magnitude is greater than 4.5. According to attenuation of seismic wave, source duration time of less than 2sec is undetectable. Source time functions of magnitude 5 class events are simple pulse functions. Around magnitude 6 to 6.5 events show also pulse shape function with significant width. Larger quakes than magnitude 6.6 have multiple functions in general and sometimes preceding to initial rupture process. Based on hierarchy model, it seems that an earthquake size locates on step between two hierarchy levels. Earthquake catalogue shows that each area has apparent magnitude gap in its seismic activity. Now we have searched only last 20 years data, so that final conclusion should be done carefully. However the gap coincides with hierarchy step in some area and the magnitude gap may depend on area in this study. The regionality may be one of parameters that characterize deeply subducting plate, e,g, characteristic scale of heterogeneity in/on plate and occurrence potential of deep earthquake.


In the field of Evidence Law the relation between truth and law has been a somewhat non-debated topic in the past years. It is a given that such connection exists and, it is understood as the notion of the ascertainment of truth of disputed questions of fact through legal evidence. The thesis that I have reconstructed in this paper has been presented by the Prof. Jordi Ferrer who grounds the connection between truth and law in the role of the legal system as a tool for guiding the behaviour of the governed. I call this thesis the theory of the structural clause of truth. In this paper I shall present a possible reconstruction of this theory, I shall raise two objections against it and I shall present five possible interpretations of the relation between truth and law.


This article presents the results of a research conducted with higher education teachers who work in the Pedagogy degree course of a private college in the city of São Paulo. The objective was investigating the criteria used in the organization of the students for the development of work in group activities in the classroom. The qualitative research included questionnaires and interviews with higher education professors. The research allowed to point out who the professors are - profile, academic background, time in teaching - if they make use of group work and how they use this methodology as a learning strategy. The result confirmed the hypothesis that group work can offer a concrete opportunity to build knowledge in a cooperative way and with the potential for the student to relate with knowledge in various ways. However, in order to achieve the proposed learning objectives, the student needs an active participation and willingness to cooperate and the teacher must have a systematic monitoring of the groups.


We document that in emerging economies a significant fraction of prices in do- mestic markets are set in dollars. The currency of prices is not homogeneous across goods. More expensive goods are more likely to be set in dollars and also take longer time to sell. We rationalize these facts using a model of price setting in multiple currencies with search frictions. Pricing in dollars prevents erosion of real prices caused by inflation at the expense of a lower willingness to pay from buyers. When goods take longer to sell the relative value of preventing price erosion is higher. Consistent with empirical evidence, our model predicts that the share of prices in foreign currency increases when domestic inflation is high.


Multi-axis laser materials processing systems are having a significant impact on the way turbine engine parts are being cut, drilled, and welded. The success of laser cutting, drilling and welding is based in the ability to concentrate laser energy into a small area and to produce features having narrow heat affected zones. Reduced tooling expense, fast turnaround, and flexibility for handling design changes and for economical small lot manufacturing are some of the benefits associated with laser processing of turbine engine parts. For example, in replacing hand trimming, laser cutting has increased throughput for trimming a deep drawn gas turbine engine part from 18 pieces per day to 18 pieces in 30 minutes) For another company, laser cutting saved $75,000 in tooling expense for an application involving drilling of 3500, 0.33 mm diameter holes in a 0.36 mm thick turbine engine blade insert' Laser cutting and welding have been key to a major aircraft manufacturer's implementation of Just-In-Time manufacturing practices.' Recent advances in design and control of laser processing systems have increased the number of applications for laser processing turbine engine parts. New processes have increased the range of applications for which laser processing is qualified. In-process gaging has been used to automate processes that were previously manual and, in doing so, increase the quality of the finished part and productivity of the manufacturing operation. This paper reviews the laser processes used to cut, drill, and weld turbine engine parts. Some typical applications are presented to illustrate the benefits of laser systems for processing turbine engine parts. BACKGROUND Laser materials processing involves focusing a high power laser beam onto the surface of a workpiece. A portion of the beam is absorbed; the amount depends on the material type and surface condition. The high intensity (on the order of 10' Watts per cm') produced by absorption of high power (greater than 500 Watts) and focusing the beam to 0.1 to 0.25 mm results in heating, melting and vaporization of the surface.


While the development of the optic interferometric sensors achieves great progress, one fact that restricts this development is the demodulation technique. An applicable demodulation method for interferometric sensors is called "The Phase Generated Carrier (PGC) demodulation". Yet this demodulation fails to content the large-scale sensors application for the limitations of the electronic devices. Another arctangent approach based on digital demodulator proves more advantages than the traditional Differentiate and Cross Multiply (DCM) approach which is used in PGC demodulation. In this paper, the arctangent approach based on PGC demodulation is discussed and simulated. Lookup table is used in the arctangent approach. Values equal to the existent data in the lookup table are chosen from the table, and values between two different data in the table are modulated to the linear approximate values. Two primary objects are aimed to demonstrate the advantages of the arctangent approach: (1). the noise analysis of this demodulation, considered two aspects: a. the relativity of the noise amplitude and the size of lookup table. Simulation result indicates that when double the lookup size, the noise amplitude decreases about 6dB; b. the influence to the noise generation which is leaded in by the rank of the polynomial approximate coefficients, the higher this rank is, the better the result comes. An approximate function is proposed about this relationship. (2). the measurement range, operation complexity, quality of operation, and applicability of the arctangent approach are discussed for an effective digital realization.


Methods for designing improved multimode fiber optic cables are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes measuring a DMD waveform profile of a reference multimode fiber optic cable, where the reference multimode fiber optic cable has a reference refractive index profile. The method of this embodiment further includes designing an improved refractive index profile for the improved multimode fiber optic cable, where the improved refractive index profile comprises the reference refractive index profile modified by a quantity Deltan(r), where r is a radius from the center of the core, where the quantity Deltan(r) is negative over at least some radial window, and where the quantity Deltan(r) follows a function such that the improved multimode fiber optic cable having the improved refractive index profile produces a DMD waveform profile having a shift to the left in radial pulse waveforms for increasing radii.


Objective: To describe the surgical results in patients operated on for traumatic brain injury in a hospital in Botswana. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, in the period from January 2023 to August 2023, at the Nyangabgwe Referal Hospital in Botswana. The sample under study consisted of 50 patients. General and specific variables of the traumatic Brain injury were analyzed. Results: The average age was 40.8 years, with a predominance of males (86%), the most frequent cause of head trauma was aggression (50%), chronic subdural hematoma predominated (36%), with intrahospital pneumonia being the complication more frequent (10%), mortality was 12%. Conclusions: Traumatic brain injury is a health problem in Botswana, it behaves with an incidence and prevalence that rises despite the small population of the country. Surgical results of a heterogeneous group of pathologies secondary to TBI were described.


We present a study of the inclusive production of the $X(4140)$ with the decay to the $J/\psi \phi$ final state in hadronic collisions. Based on $10.4~\rm{fb^{-1}}$ of $p \overline p $ collision data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, we report the first evidence for the prompt production of $X(4140)$ and find the fraction of $X(4140)$ events originating from $b$ hadrons to be $f_b=0.39\pm 0.07 {\rm \thinspace (stat)} \pm 0.10 {\rm \thinspace (syst)} $. The ratio of the non-prompt $X(4140)$ production rate to the $B_s^0$ yield in the same channel is $R=0.19 \pm 0.05 {\rm \thinspace (stat)} \pm 0.07 {\rm \thinspace (syst)}$. The values of the mass $M=4152.5 \pm 1.7 (\rm {stat}) ^{+6.2}_{-5.4} {\rm \thinspace (syst)}$~MeV and width $\Gamma=16.3 \pm 5.6 {\rm \thinspace (stat)} \pm 11.4 {\rm \thinspace (syst)}$~MeV are consistent with previous measurements. 8 pages, 2 figues


Although the effects of the exchange rate on firms' investment were mostly analyzed with semi-macro data by industry, in recent years analyses using firm-level panel data have been developed. Nucci and Pozzolo (2001) analyzed using Italian firm-level panel data and reported that an appreciation of the exchange rate has a negative effect on firms' investment as its export ratio is higher, whereas it has a positive effect on firms' investment as their import ratio is higher. Furthermore, the effects of the appreciation of the exchange rate on investment are stronger in firms with low market power and facing the financial constraints. This paper analyzes the effects of an appreciation of the yen on investment with Japanese firm-level panel data, and a similar result to Nucci and Pozzolo's (2001) was obtained. It also conducted a simulation using the empirical results and showed, in five industries with high export ratio, the real investment decreases by 0.45% to 0.95% point to 1% point appreciation of the real effective exchange rate, whereas in the industry of petroleum products and coal products, real investment increases by 1.36% point to 1% point appreciation of the real effective exchange rate.


The magnetic noise spectra induced by direct-current (dc) current flowing through a micron-scale ferromagnetic wire have been investigated. We have observed the noise spectra with a resonance frequency. Under the application of the magnetic field in the plane, the magnetic field dependences of the resonance frequency and amplitude were well interpreted by the analytical calculation based on the stochastic model. The noise spectra are attributable to the resistance oscillation reflecting the uniform magnetization precession which is produced by the Joule heating due to the dc current.


This paper empirically tests the relationship between institutional investors and managerial perquisites in listed companies with different agency costs.It shows that the existence of institutional investors can reduce managerial perquisites,especially in companies with high agency costs;managerial perquisites are negatively related to corporate performance,especially in companies with high agency costs.It suggests that the rapid development of institutional investors is beneficial to the improvement of corporate governance,and the roles of institutional investors in corporate governance differ widely in listed companies with different agency costs.


Objective To investigate the effect of insulin in controlling diabetes stress hyperglycemia,and to exlore a rational administration way.Methods 117 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by acute stress hyperglycemia were given continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII group) or multiple times subcutaneous insulin injection(MSII group) for intensive treatment,and the control state for blood glucose,the time of blood glucose up to the standards(FBG 4.4~8.0 mmol/L,2h BG 4.4~10.0 mmol/L) and the dosage of insulin application each day were observed in the two groups.Results The levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose were significantly decreased in both groups after treated with insulin(P 0.01),and after 6-day treatment with insulin there was a significant difference in the levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose between the two groups(P0.05).and the time of blood glucose up to the standards in CSII group(2.5±1.1)d was significantly shorter than that(6.5±2.3) d in MSII group;there was no significant difference in the dosage of insulin administration at the time of blood glucose up to the standards between CSII group and MSII group [(44±11)U/d vs(44±12)U/d];the incidence of hypoglycemia in CSII group(1.7%) was significantly lower than that(15.8%) of MSII group(P0.01);the incidence of postoperative infection rate in CSII(0) was significantly lower than that(5.3%) in MSII group(P0.01);postoperative disconnecting time in CSII group(4.8±0.8)d was lower than that(6.3±1.2)d in MSII group.Conclusion The insulin intensive therapy can effectively control stress hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes,and CSII way is superior to MSII one,which is more rapid,effective and safe.


Service learning has become an important part of the student nurse experience. Analysis of reflective journals can enlighten educators about student perceptions related to service learning Abstract The purpose of this study is to describe the lived ex - perience of nursing students engaged in a medical mission experience during a Transcultural Nursing course offered at a private midwestern university. A total of 42 students participated in a week-long medical mission trip to Falmouth, Jamaica during 2005-2010. Student views were extracted from jour - nals kept during the mission experience. After stu - dents gave consent for journal entries to be copied and transcribed, entries were analyzed through con - tent analysis using Microsoft® Excel® software to identify recurrent themes. The following six themes emerged from the analysis: clinical experience, inter - personal interactions, professional goals, cultural is - sues, spirituality, and international travel. This study demonstrated the impact of an international service- learning project on undergraduate students' student learning outcomes. Continued research will assist fac - ulty members in modifying trip preparations and re - assessing student learning outcomes related to the experience.


A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having at least one integrated lateral resistor (11) described by the following steps: - providing a semiconductor body (1) of a doped semiconductor material of a first conductivity type (n) with a to a surface of the semiconductor body (1) adjacent doped base zone (4) of a second, complementary to the first conductivity type conduction type (p), - masking the surface of the semiconductor body (1), wherein at least one recess (18) having a predetermined width in the mask (16) is introduced, so that a resistance region (10) of the base region (4) is at least partially exposed, - covers the exposed resistance region (10) with a dopant of the first conductivity type (n) such that the surface side to the exposed resistance region (10) a thin deposition layer (20) of the first conductivity type (n) is formed with a high doping concentration, and - the occupied dopant of the first conductivity type (n) driving in the resistor portion (10) such that from the thin deposition layer (20) having high impurity concentration, a thicker layer (21, 22) is formed with a lower doping concentration.


Summary This paper examines training programs for graduate students as junior educators and researchers in U.S. universities in order to learn lessons for the development and improvement of such programs in Japan. For training junior educators, teaching assistant (TA) programs play a crucial role in providing graduate students with invaluable experience of developing their teaching skills. Most large research universities have training programs for new TAs in place, and Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) programs, started in the 1990s, have been assisting graduate students to acquire important skills and knowledge to become faculty members. For training junior researchers, research assistant (RA) programs and postdoctoral fellow (PDF) programs play a major role in providing graduate students with opportunities to develop their research skills. Unlike with TAs, there is no systematic training program for RAs and PDFs, but lessons can be learned from U.S. programs of the responsibilities, statuses, and remuneration for RAs and PDFs at Japanese universities. Japanese universities have expanded their programs for TAs, RAs, and PDFs, but now the quality of these programs needs to be improved to develop the next generation of educators and researchers in Japan.


In the century when heretics in the Netherlands were persecuted, the Dutch Revolt occurred, and events took place that ultimately led to the National Synod of Dordrecht (1618–19), religion and society were clearly interwoven. Research on this period is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach, such as the one used, to remarkable effect, in the recent studies on the cities of the Reformation (Städteforschung). In the Netherlands, the study of the Reformation in urban settings has also become an important field, one in which both church and "secular" historians have made valuable contributions. Historical work on the period after the Synod of Dordrecht displays, however, far less interest in the relationship between religion and society. Despite this shift in historical focus, religion remained a formative factor in the public life of the Dutch Republic long after 1620. The established church retained its central position in society and continued to influence the design and the development of Dutch culture. The religious community regarded its norms as the basis of civil society. The church wanted to create a social practice in which religion played an influential role in urban life and in the ethics of everyday living.


10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) has been setup at TÜBİTAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü(UME), national metrology institute of Turkey. The PJVS has compared to 10 V DC Josephson Array Voltage Standard (JVS) of TÜBİTAK UME which is regularly used for the calibration of DC Voltage Standards and DC voltage meters since 1997. A direct comparison between two Josephson voltage standards was carried out at the level of 10 V in order to verify the accuracy of the PJVS. The difference between the two systems (JVS - PJVS) was $\pmb{+0.96\text{nV}}$ with an uncertainty of 2.4 parts in $\pmb{10}^{-10}\pmb{(k=1)}$.


The control system based on RS485 between PC and single-chip microcomputer is introduced.Through converting signal circuit of RS485/RS232,PC gathers data from MCS according to the address of single-chip microcomputer,and sends control signal to single-chip microcomputer after appropriate treatment,so as to achieve multiple-access remote data acquisition and remote control.


The article focuses on the conditions in which research in Higher Education is carried out in Brazil, at the level of Post Graduate Studies in our Universities. The main concern is the assessment process of the post graduate courses supervised by CAPES. After a brief presentation of the emergence and recent evolution of the country's Post Graduate Studies in Education, principles, procedures and effects of the evaluative process are related to a culture of performativity, as conceived by the British researcher Stephen Ball. It is argued that such category is helpful to the analysis of CAPES evaluation. In the final comments, the environment of Post Graduate courses, characterized by a culture of performativity, is compared to the way teachers have been reacting to and experiencing recent curricular reforms, according to Ivor Goodon's recent research. Possible alternatives are then sought of.


More broadly for liturgical-historical studies, Dougherty suggests that the Eucharistic movement and the contemporaneous Liturgical Movement reinforced each other "methodologically and strategically." Gesturing to an important distinction between the two movements' realization of sacramental practice, he notes that one consequence following STS was "an even greater detaching of Communion from the Mass." Additional exposition of this most un-liturgical outcome (according to Liturgical Movement sensibilities) of this most sacramental practice would have allowed Dougherty to flesh out this tenuous relationship. In short, From Altar-Throne to Table provides a much-needed analysis of a critical change in ritual practice during the complex of liturgical reform in the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Students of modern Catholic history, Catholic lay movements, and liturgical studies will find Dougherty's work a necessary resource for the history of the frequency of communion in Catholic sacramental practice and informative for the socio-cultural history of American Catholics.


This paper discusses the state of the art of different topologies of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) used in Electric Vehicle (EV) power-train. A comparative study of recently proposed MMC used as a propulsion application in EV is elaborated here for the first time in EV research field. First, this paper delivers a general overview on multilevel converters associated with their various types and advancements. Then, it discusses the change from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV) to EV. Finally, it conducts a comparative study on the existed MMC topologies by categorizing them into five sections according to their types and contribution. First section includes the topologies that follow the same MMC architecture of cascaded half bridges. Second section discuses topologies consisting of cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and points any recorded contribution in comparison with conventional topologies. Third section focuses on topologies that reduces switching elements significantly making the whole system more reliable, cost competitive, more efficient and more size compressed. Fourth section tackles topologies with hybridized energy storage system using Ultra-Capacitors (UC) in order to track its impact on power density limitation. Last section adopts hybridized multilevel converters to observe its effect on system's efficiency and switching losses. The contribution of this paper is pointing on the strength and weakness of each topology in terms of fault tolerance, balance control, size, reliability, efficiency, cost, power density, mobility range, switching elements and switching losses.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of NTM infection in those with COPD and control groups. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients meeting ATS criteria for NTM lung disease was performed using electronic patient databases from January 2011 to March 2016. Patients with COPD were identified and compared to those with bronchiectasis and, in a separate analysis, compared to all non-COPD patients (including those with bronchiectasis). Results: 57 patients were identified as having NTM lung disease. 30 (52.6%) had COPD, 16 (28.1%) had bronchiectasis, one (1.8%) had lung cancer, one (1.8%) had sarcoid and 8 (14.0%) had no known respiratory illnesses. Patients with COPD were older at diagnosis of NTM (72 years) than those with bronchiectasis (58 years) and all non-COPD (58 years)(p Patients with COPD had a lower mean FEV1 (52.8% predicted) and mean FVC (86.3% predicted), compared to patients with bronchiectasis (FEV1 84.8% predicted, p=0.0001; FVC 108.0% predicted, p=0.017), and all non-COPD patients (FEV1 88.4% predicted, p 17 (58.62%) patients with COPD and a diagnosis of NTM lung disease had radiological changes compared to the 6 (40%) patients with bronchiectasis (p=0.42). 8 (28.6%) COPD patients died compared to 2 (13.3%) patients with bronchiectasis (p=0.508) and 4 (16%) of the combined non-COPD patients (p=0.337). Conclusion: The majority of NTM lung disease observed was in the context of COPD. NTM disease presents at an older age in patients with COPD compared to other patients. There was a trend towards higher mortality in those with COPD and NTM disease that warrants further investigation.


Objective: Her-2/neu protein overexpression has been demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma. Its overexpression often indicates a poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The objectives of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of double-stranded short inhibitory RNAs (siRNA) targeting Her-2/neu oncogene on the drug sensitivity of Her-2/neu-overexpressing lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma cell line calu-3 was transfected with siRNAs formulated LipofectAMINE 2000, and Her-2/neu protein and P-gp were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The chemosensitivity of transfected cells to cisplatin (CDDP) was measured by MTT. Cell apoptosis detection kit (Annexin V method) was used to examine the drug induced apoptosis rate. Results: siRNA targeting Her-2/neu greatly reduced the cell surface expression of Her-2/neu protein and had no effect on P-gp. Consequently the inhibitory rate of CDDP in combination with siRNA targeting Her-2/neu was (67.1±2.3)%, while the inhibitory rates were (48.1±3.5)%, (46.3±5.9)% and (50.2±2.9)% in untreated control, empty vector and unrelated siRNA groups, respectively. The FCM results showed that the apoptosis rate of cells treated with CDDP combined with siRNAs-Her-2/neu was elevated when compared with unrelated siRNA group and empty vector group. Conclusion: Sequence specific siRNA targeting Her-2/neu was capable of enhancing the chemosensitivity of calu-3 cell to cisplatin.


Consciousness' is discussed in this paper on the basis of psychology, philosophy and metaphysics, on the background of the key concepts of modern physics. Finally, a conclusive model is proposed on the physics of 'consciousness'.


Objective:To devise a consultation system of pharmacotherapy for pharmaceutical care of pharmasists in the hospital. Methods:The collected data were categorized according to international category of disease (ICD) and input into the Access databases. The drug information browsed on the layout was output from the backstage database with VB,ASP languages and Java Script languages. Results:The 3 650 collected pharmacotherapeutic regimens were input into this system. The system changed the tradition media to the digital media. It fulfilled the information share and utilization. Conclusion:The system is used for single PC, intranet and internet in hospitals and other medical departments. The system is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for pharmaceutical care and medical treatment.


Sponsoring concepts for privately funded space programs do work, especially if broad public interest in the specific program can be awakened. The International Mars Society plays an important role in this field by raising public interest with an Arctic Research Station followed by hitchhiker payloads on government funded missions. Pioneering sponsors will be followed by more critical sponsors, if additional public interest can be created by the successful management of the first small projects. This paper begins with a description of a new engineering approach "Design to Sponsorship (DTS)" which can be characterized as a market oriented design. The author then introduces sponsoring contracts and contract management procedures developed in cooperation between University of Regensburg, Faculty of Business Administration, and the German Chapter of the Mars Society. Finally, the successful implementation and management of a sponsoring contract between the German Chapter of the Mars Society and a private sponsor is described.


Based on holographic interferometry technique, we develop a quantitative method for on-site characterization of surface topology and 3D reconstruction. The optical set-up with 2D spatial light modulator for surface characterization of 3D micro-structures is presented. It is shown that this non-destructive and non-contact method made possible the rapid investigation of 3D polymer structures employing diffractive masks and phase modulation based on two beams interference. The experimental results obtained with this method demonstrated the quantitative high-resolution measurement of samples topology with faster processing details comparing to the actual screening methods which cannot be used on-site conditions.


The text books of rational modern medicine do not mention about use of rubs and balms in common cold and cough. The budding medics are also not taught about these in modern medicine (allopathic) medical colleges. Yet citizens continue to buy these products without prescription, over the counter (OTC) and stock them for self-use. It goes on to indicate the powerful influence of advertising that backs the marketing of these products. Because these irrational preparations are purchased, stocked and used, the manufacturers continue to produce, promote and push these to profit from irrational behavior. For some companies these products have become their leading brands.Without any covert intent, prejudice or offence meant, the leading brand of the rubs and balms, Vicks Vaporub® (VV) has been chosen here to discuss our concerns. This does not mean any selective bias against the particular brand and absolve others. The reason for this selection is that VV is an internationally available, branded, OTC product, which is heavily advertised, most purchased and self-used to relieve the symptoms of cold. On Google search it showed 948000 results. However the availability of the scientific data about its efficacy and clinical benefits still remains scarce. The VV was the top-selling branded children's product in the cough/cold/flu/respiratory treatment category based on category value sales as reported for the 12 months ending May 10, 2010. [2] The VV homepage explains that on its application on chest and throat, it temporarily relieves cough due to common cold and on its application on muscles and joints, it temporarily relieves minor aches and pains. The VV is advised to be rubbed on the chest, throat and back, underneath loose clothing to allow the vapor to be inhaled. Alternatively, two teaspoonfuls of VV can be dissolved in hot water for use as a steam inhalation. The manufacturer claims that the warm moisture inhaled in the steam will help liquefy and Abstract Vicks VapoRub® is universally used to relieve symptoms of cough and cold, chest congestion, rhinitis, headache without any clinical rationale for its use in the Modern Medicine. Though these remedies are well known to provide subjective relief of symptoms, the objective evidence to such use is absent. The data was obtained from the review of studies conducted on rubs and balms over the years and through net search. A host of adverse reactions to the popularly used rubs and balms was observed in various studies conducted so far, like respiratory distress, inflammation of eyes / other mucus membranes, mental status changes, psychological disturbances, hepatotoxicity, hepatic encephalopathy, contact dermatitis, chemical leucoderma and sudden seizures. Such rubs and balms have been self used extensively for over a century for symptomatic relief of upper respiratory congestion and aches. The manufacturers of similar products should conduct testing procedures alike cosmetics. It is desired that the label of such products must forewarn the consumers in detail about the possible adverse drug reactions. The use of such remedies in young children being disastrous and of questionable benefit, populations must be educated that use of such agents may be potentially dangerous.


Objective:To study the effects of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) on contractile function of isolated perfusing rat heart.Method: The isolated isovolumic rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (with 1% BSA) via aorta at 37℃. TNF-α was injected into a side-arm port above the heart in experimental group.Result: There was a marked decrease in myocardial mechanical indexes (LVSP and+dp/dt max) at fifteen or twenty minutes after treatment with TNF-α at 20 U/s (P 0. 05), and the final values for these parameters were not significantly different from control values by the end of the 30 min wash-out period (P 0.05).Conclusion: TNF-α take a reversibly negative inotropic effects on isolated perfusing rat hearts.


Tools and application programs are created is a tool that is integrated with the microscope to capture images of white blood cells automatically with automatically adjust the image focus with the Modulation Transfer Function method and an application to detect and perform recognition on the type of white blood cell using Local Binary Pattern method. Image taken from preparations in the form of images of red blood cells and white blood cells. Based on the results of testing on a microscope auto focus system has been able to run well when capture images automatically with manual verification using human eye can achieve a 100% success rate.


The molecular structure of a new compound, (h5-C5H5)(NO2)Mn(1)(µ-NO)2Mn(2)(NO)(h5-C5H5), has been determined by X-ray crystallography, in which the most striking feature is the presence of highly unsymmetrical NO bridges: N–Mn(1)= 1·775(4)A N–Mn(2)= 1·943(4)A; a probable structure for (C5H5)3Mn2(NO)3 can be inferred from the structure here reported.


The activation volume, Δ V ‡, of the solute incorporation process at the kink site of a glucose isomerase (GI) crystal was estimated using the pressure dependency of the step kinetic coefficient, βstep, and the three-dimensional nucleation rates J of GI crystals were analyzed using classical nucleation theory. Δ V ‡ took a negative value. The sticking parameter, s, for the addition of a GI tetramer to a critical nucleus drastically increased with increasing pressure. This was probably due to the decrease in the activation energy needed for the addition of the GI tetramer.


The aim of this study was the investigation of the effectiveness of motivational interview on enhancing self-efficacy and improving self-concept in underdeveloped students. The method of research was semi-experimental. The statistical population consisted of all male first grade students of high schools in Urmia city. 32 people of first grade students were selected as underdeveloped students and they were randomly divided in two groups (experimental group = 16 people, control group = 16 people). The design of research was pretest-posttest with control group. Subjects filled the Sherer's self-efficacy questionnaire (1983) and Rogers' self-concept scale before the beginning of intervention and two weeks after the last session of intervention. After the implementation of pretest, the program of motivational interview had implemented for motivational interviewing group during five sessions (each session takes 75 minutes and two times in a week). We used covariance for data analysis. The result showed that the scores of self-efficacy and self-concept of subjects had a significant increase after motivational interviewing. In the field of working with underdeveloped students, motivational interview (with due attention to its nature) may be considered as an effective consultative style.


Preface 1. The Cavendish Laboratory 2. The Copenhagen Spirit of the Quantum Theory 3. Soviet Physics 4. The Stars and the Universe 5. Cosmic Rays 6. Diplogen 7. The Chemistry of Evolution 8. Human Heredity 9. Pernicious Anaemia 10. Artificial Radioactivity


With the recent performance improvements in commodity hardware, low-cost commodity server-based storage has become a practical alternative to dedicated-storage appliances. Because of the high failure rate of commodity servers, data redundancy across multiple servers is required in a server-based storage system. However, the extra storage capacity for this redundancy significantly increases the system cost. Although
 erasure coding (EC)
 is a promising method to reduce the amount of redundant data, it requires distributing and encoding data among servers. There remains a need to reduce the performance impact of these processes involving much network traffic and processing overhead. Especially, the performance impact becomes significant for random-intensive applications. In this article, we propose a new lightweight redundancy control for server-based storage. Our proposed method uses a new local filesystem-based approach that avoids distributing data by adding data redundancy to locally stored user data. Our method switches the redundancy method of user data between replication and EC according to workloads to improve capacity efficiency while achieving higher performance. Our experiments show up to 230% better online-transaction-processing performance for our method compared with CephFS, a widely used alternative system. We also confirmed that our proposed method prevents unexpected performance degradation while achieving better capacity efficiency.


This paper is to provide implementation supporting terminal location tracking service on the smart TV. Therefore this technology is for tracking the location of smart devices for using TV connected with internet.


We recently proposed Contention-Tolerant Crossbar (CTC(N)) and multi-layer CTC(N) (MCTC(N)) switch architectures. By developing queueing network model of CTC(N) for tagged output, we proved that MCTC(N) achieves steady state with the layer number k ≥ 2 under Bernoulli i.i.d. uniform traffic. In this letter, we extend the queueing network model for evaluating the mean cell number in each input queue and mean waiting time of MCTC(N) working in steady state under the Bernoulli i.i.d. uniform traffic. This model is validated by simulation results.


The article analyzes the development of China's space industry from its inception to the present. It is shown that the PRC has consistently implemented a policy of development of this strategic industry and has made tremendous progress in this area to date. Having gone through a number of stages, first with the help of external support (the USSR), then relying mainly on its own forces, China has made a breakthrough in space and today represents one of the world's largest space powers. At the same time, the problems that persist in the industry need to be solved.


I was in my first post in psychiatry and went to see my parents. My mother was unwell. I had seen her in this state many times but I had not understood. Her mood was low and she talked about hanging herself. I suggested that she should see her GP but she refused. I proposed a psychiatric appointment. She did not want to know: "Hospital? I'll run away." I talked with my father. "No psychiatrists," he said. "I took her once and the psychiatrist blamed me. She always gets depressed in winter and recovers in the spring without treatment." My sisters asked: "Can't you help her? Why do we have a psychiatrist in the family? Don't you know how to get her better?"

I did not think it right for a daughter to treat her mother, especially for a psychiatric …


The Consultative Meeting on Quality Assurance in Developing Countries held in the Netherlands in June 1993 resulted in 10 recommendations. 1) Quality assurance programs (QAPs) and related activities should be strengthened or initiated in all countries to provide accountability and feedback for professionals, legislatures, and financial bodies. 2) QAPs should include appropriate central and peripheral-level mechanisms to allow integration with existing activities, and QAPs should receive adequate funding. 3) QAPs should set communication standards and should monitor, evaluate, and improve quality. 4) QAPs should provide incentives and motivation for broad-based community participation. 5) QAPs should focus on technical quality, community satisfaction, professional satisfaction of providers, and the quality of management support services. 6) QAPs should be applied to all types of public and private health care in a flexible manner. 7) QAPs should incorporate the tenets of quality management such as focusing on the client, encouraging self-determination of health teams, and measuring quality through outcomes and process improvement. 8) QAPs and quality of health care should receive more attention from international agencies in terms of research support and coordination of support activities. In addition, international agencies should integrate QAPs in their own programs. 9) More opportunities should be created to evaluate and share experiences from the promotion, design, and implementation of QAPs in all countries. 10) Finally, more research is needed in the application of QAP to primary health care.


In populated areas, underground cables are using for Electrical distribution and transmission purposes, due to this, underground cables have more advantages than overhead transmission line during abnormal weather condition including rain, and thunderstorm. But calculation and determination of the exact position of fault location occur, have been a significant challenge in the underground. In this paper, different techniques like Sectionalizing, thumper, and time domain reflectometry and MATLAB simulation technique-based reusing for determining fault location in underground cable systems and the also factors that affect the fault location are discussed.


Taking the clamped slab as the study object,the research simulated the structural damage by changing the elastic modulus of elements and detected the damage based on the vibration modes,the frequency,and the mode curvature difference respectively.The results show that the vibration modes and the frequency changed too little to identify the damaged location in the thin slab with small area damaged,while the curvature mode difference of the damage element changed obviously.Therefore the location of the structure damage can be identified exactly by using the method of the curvature mode difference.


For this thesis, an initial prototype for an actuated rubber hand with the index finger actuated, was designed and manufactured. A rubber hand is an artificial hand used for studies of body image and ownership, an integral part of research on consciousness in human beings. With an artificial hand, researchers can create an illusion in which a subject can believe that the artificial hand is part of their body. To increase the immersion into the illusion, a cosmetic prosthetic glove can be used for added realism. Another integral part of body image is the sense of agency, in which a subject believes to be the source of an event in the external world. To study agency, while separating agency from ownership, a moving rubber hand is a useful tool. The idea is that a subject is to control the moving rubber hand remotely with their own hand. To be able to study the changes in brain activity during the onset of the illusion, the subject needs to be in an MRI scanner and undergo a so called functional MRI analysis. Therefore, all the materials and components in the actuated rubber hand needed to be MRI compatible.


Summary The evidence on sex differences in reading attainment of English‐speaking children is reviewed. There is found to be a developmental trend for sex differences in reading attainment, whereby a larger proportion of boys than girls make a slow beginning at learning to read, but by ten years of age population differences between boys and girls are no longer apparent. It is considered important that teachers and parents be aware that a boy under ten years who is making slow progress at learning to read may be an instance of this developmental phenomenon which does not imply any pathology such as dyslexia. Findings on sex differences in pre‐reading skills are examined and also hypotheses about the origin of sex differences in reading attainment. The hypotheses of feminine bias of the school environment, of differential maturation of cerebral structures, and of differential exposure to the printed word, are evaluated.


In aerobic wastewater treatment process, low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was generally thought to be harmful to aerobic microorganisms, especially to nitrifying microbes. In fact, ammonium could be well converted under low DO and low DO condition could obviously lead to energy saving. In recent years, some new phenomena were found in nitrogen removal reactors operated at low DO concentration, such as sludge granulation;short-cut nitrification -denitrification; simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and denitrification by autotrophic nitrifier. These phenomena were valuable because they could give new method or some convenience to nitrogen removal process. Fig 1, Tab 1, Ref 36


Let k be a field of characteristic 0. If I C k[x, y, z] is a complete intersection generated by three homogeneous elements of degrees d1,d2,d3 with 2 < d1 < d2 < d3, then the reduction of I by a general linear form is minimally generated by three elements if and only if d3 < dl + d2 2.


In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for linear and nonlinear Boussinesq type equations that include the general differential operators. First, by virtue of the Fourier multipliers, embedding theorems in Sobolev and Besov spaces, the existence, uniqueness, and regularity properties of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the corresponding linear equation are established. Here, Lp-estimates for a solution with respect to space variables are obtained uniformly in time depending on the given data functions. Then, the estimates for the solution of linearized equation and perturbation of operators can be used to obtain the existence, uniqueness, regularity properties, and blow-up of solution at the finite time of the Cauchy for nonlinear for same classes of Boussinesq equations. Here, the existence, uniqueness, Lp-regularity, and blow-up properties of the solution of the Cauchy problem for Boussinesq equations with differential operators coefficients are handled associated with the growth nature of symbols of these differential operators and their interrelationships. We can obtain the existence, uniqueness, and qualitative properties of different classes of improved Boussinesq equations by choosing the given differential operators, which occur in a wide variety of physical systems.


The questions like how children learn easily, and how they can achieve a healthier growth and development bring us to the idea of "play". If a child plays, this shows that he/she is healthy and can learn things. In fact, it is a cycle, the more children play, the healthier the child becomes and the more their learning experiences become richer. The power of the play comes from the contributions that it provides for a child's holistic development.  In the process of playing a game, Children gain valuable life skills, such as; social skills, research skills, problem solving skills, thinking skills, communication skills, and self-sufficiency and management skills. The educational reforms that many world countries are now working on essentially makes an effort to provide  children with the opportunity to learn at their own pace, to use their capacities at the highest level with appropriate methods. "Play" is the most prominent of these efforts or, in other words, scientifically proven opportunities in the absolute solution of the problems in the field of education. This article is compiled to share the results of play-based school and educational programs in different countries. In our country, while emphasizing the pedagogical value of the play at every occasion, it was aimed to draw attention to concrete studies in the field of application.


Abstract : The purpose of this thesis is to analyze data related to sleep patterns of warfighters deployed to the Southwest Asia (SWA) Area of Operation. To this end, we collected subjective survey data from warfighters operating in Iraq and Kuwait from 25 August - 15 October 2003 (n = 273). Participants were asked about unit-level sleep planning, sleep/wake patterns, and lifestyle factors. Using the survey results, we are able to gain insight regarding the four primary research questions: 1) Is sleep deprivation a significant problem for forces in the SWA region; 2) Do current sleep logistics support a unit s ability to accomplish assigned missions; 3) Are there differences in sleep patterns between subset populations; and 4) Does the current survey method support the research objectives. To address these questions, we used analysis techniques such as principal components analysis, factor analysis, and parametric and nonparametric hypothesis testing. We tested the reliability of the subjective survey results by comparing self-reported survey data with actigraphy data corresponding to the same time period (n = 34 paired observations). This thesis also provides insight regarding the use of sleep logistics as a force multiplier during continuous/sustained operations by discussing known fatigue countermeasures and their role in improving individual and unit performance effectiveness.


Device for supplying voltage decoupling for RF amplifying circuits to an output line (20) for extracting an amplified signal, which has at one end a port for coupling out the amplified signal and at the opposite end a connection for a supply voltage of the RF amplifier circuits and having an as decoupling circuit circuit element executed, which is arranged in the output line between a connection region for the RF amplifier circuits and the terminal for the supply voltage, characterized in that the circuit element forms a reflection-free termination for high frequency and having a rising with frequency absorption of RF power, wherein the circuit element is formed of one or more operated in chain part circuits each consisting of an inductor (2, 4, 6) on a first line part and a capacitance (8, 10, 12) and a Abschlussw esistance (14, 16, 18) are on a second line part, wherein the second line section branches off from the first conduit section and is connected to ground and the first conduit part of a partial circuit in each case with the first conduit part ...


Group therapy is a form of psychotherapy, where one or more therapists treat a number of clients forming together one group. This term refers to any type of psychotherapy whether it is cognitive behavioral therapy, gestalt therapy, or psychodrama. The most important process that occurs as a changing mechanism is exploring and analyzing interpersonal relationships in the group. The concept of group therapy includes support groups, personal development groups, psycho-education etc. The theoretical study below includes all these aspects looking over the main peculiarities met in group work. More issues are developed in this material serving as a point of departure in analyzing the main theme, which is drawing a detailed approach of the therapy group's role in developing coping mechanisms among adults.


A single-step infiltration method has been developed to incorporate the La 0.85 Sr 0.15 MnO 3-δ (LSM) oxide phase into a pre-sintered, porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) network, forming an effective LSM-YSZ composite cathode. The LSM particles, with a size of ∼30 to ∼100 nm, deposit preferentially on the pore walls throughout the porous YSZ, forming a pathway for electron conduction, and creating a high density of active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction. The resulting composite cathode has been evaluated in a solid oxide fuel cell operating at 923 K, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the infiltration process. The single-step infiltration method enables the possibility of producing solid oxide fuel cell cathodes, based on pre-sintered porous YSZ networks, with other catalysts that are not compatible with the high temperature processing that co-firing may require.


We investigate a compressive sampling (CS) stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for detection of underground objects, which uses Bayesian estimation and a probabilistic model for the target support. Due to the underground targets being sparse, the B-scan is a sparse image. Using the CS principle, the stepped frequency radar is implemented using a subset of random frequencies at each antenna position. For image reconstruction we use Markov Chain and Markov Random Field models for the target support in the B-scan, where we also estimate the model parameters using the Expectation Maximization algorithm. The approach is tested using Web radar data obtained by measuring the signal responses scattered off land mine targets in a laboratory experimental setup. Our approach results in improved performance compared to the standard denoising algorithm for image reconstruction.


Using an experimental design coupled with Web-tracking technology, this study explores 2 factors that influence levels of congruent information gathering online. The first factor compares the navigational structure of 2 distinct Web pages—the more open, user-directed search engine versus the organized, assembled structure of a portal Web page. The second factor tests the role of goals for information seeking—telling subjects they will soon engage in a discussion with another person who either disagrees with their viewpoint, agrees, is undecided, or no discussion treatment. Results indicate both experimental factors independently contribute to selectivity in online information seeking.


CdWO4 as one typical metal tungstate has been extensively studied since it shows great potential to be applied in various luminescent applications (e.g., optical sources, optoelectronics, catalysis, and sensors). However, their luminescence properties are significantly dependent on their structure, shape, and size. Also, the complicated synthesis procedures have limited their practical applications. In our study, different reaction conditions enable CdWO4:Eu3+ nanocrystals to possess different morphologies and sizes. The CdWO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles and nanorods can be formed by tuning the precursor pH values. Furthermore, under different reaction temperatures, the as-synthesized CdWO4:Eu3+ nanostructures show different sizes. The large-sized CdWO4:Eu3+ nanorods were produced as the pH value is 4 and the temperature is 150 °C. The luminescence properties of the obtained nanocrystals were also systematically studied. Under a single wavelength excitation, the CdWO4:Eu3+ nanocrystals show the multicolor luminesc...


Karyotype,meiotic behavior and pollen development of Alocasia odoras(Lindl.)K.Koch were investigated.The results showed that:(1)The karyotype formula of somatic cell was 2n=28=20 m+8 sm,belonging to Stebbins's 2A type.The chromosome length was in the range of 7.84-12.08 μm,and the ratios of the long arm to short arms were between of 1.02-2.72.(2)At meiotic metaphase I of pollen mother cells(PMCs),some of the non-homologous chromosomes underwent reciprocal translocation as indicated by ring or chain structures,formed by four,five,six and sometimes up to twelve chromosomes.Quadruples occurred more frequently than other configurations.These demonstrated that the plants of the species were translocation heterozygotes.Mean configurations calculated through five individuals of one population were 5.61Ⅱ0+3.72Ⅱ+0.89Ⅳ0+0.06Ⅴ+0.78Ⅵ0 +0.06Ⅻ,10.38Ⅱ0+3.63Ⅱ,9.15Ⅱ0+2.85Ⅱ+1Ⅳ0,7.76Ⅱ0+3.76Ⅱ+1.24Ⅳ0,8.52Ⅱ0+3.41Ⅱ+1.03Ⅳ0,respectively,where Ⅱ0,Ⅳ0 and Ⅵ0 symbolize the rings of bivalent,quadruple and hexadruple.The metaphase I configuration was constant for individual plant but variable among different individuals.(3)Chromosomal bridges and lagging at anaphase I were at a ratio of 15.5% of the observed cells.(4)The mature pollen was spherical and binucleate,and having spinose exine.The ratio of sterile pollen was 9.3%.


The requirement of ultra wideband(UWB)antenna for pulse waveform is analyzed. Then using step recovery diode(SRD)and microstrip transmission line,a UWB monocycle pulse generator is designed by means of intervention and elimination. According to the parameters of the generated pulse and theory analysis and FDTD simulation results,a method based on pulse forming network is presented. The measured result shows that the waveform of bipolar pulse is good,and the ringing level is low. This pulse generator can be used to improve the radiation efficiency of UWB antenna.


The present invention relates to a steroid having the structure of formula (I), 5α- reductase inhibitors, methods for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these active substances, and in the treatment of humans or animals due to abnormality caused testosterone 5α- reductase disease. Wherein the symbols ......, B, R, R


It has been reported that there are gender differences in lower extremity alignments (LEA). However, ethnic differences have not been examined. PURPOSE: To identify relationships among static LEA in Korean and the Caucasian males and females. METHODS: A total of 139 subjects [34 Korean males (age: 21.1±3.1yrs, height: 176.0±6.7cm, mass: 71.5±8.4 kg); 32 Korean females (age: 21.0±1.7yrs, height: 163.6±5.0cm, mass: 56.8±5.4kg); 39 Caucasian males (age: 33.8 ± 3.6yrs, height: 178.5±6.9cm, mass: 82.3±10.3kg); 34 Caucasian females (age: 31.7±2.8yrs, height: 164.9±6.7cm, mass: 67.1±16.2 kg)] participated. Eight static LEA [hip anteversion (AT), quadriceps angle (QA), tibiofemoral angle (TF), genu recurvatum (GR), rearfoot angle (RF), tibial torsion (TT), pelvic angle (PA), navicular drop (ND) were measured. Scree plot and factor analysis was conducted to examine the number of factors and relationships among static LEAs in each ethnic group. RESULTS: Categorization of factors and the Eigen values (EV) of factors in each group are as follows: In Caucasian males, the first factors (EV: 1.78) are ND [factor loading (FL): .84], and TF (FL: .69); the second factors (EV: 19.90) are PA (FL: .77), QA (.74), and TT (.46); the third factors (EV: 16.17) are GR (FL: .75), AT (FL: .63) and RF (FL: .56). In Caucasian females, the first factors (EV: 1.70) are ND (.80) and GR (.71); the second factors (EV: 1.70) are TT (FL: .73), RF (FL: -.63), QA (FL: .63) and AT (FL: .63); the third factors (EV: 1.51) are PA (FL: .79) and TF (FL: .73). In Korean males, the first factors (EV: 1.95) are PA (FL: .79), QA (FL: .65), TF (FL: .58) and GR (FL: -.53); the second factors (EV: 1.45) are RF (FL: -.87) and ND (FL: .65); the third factors (EV: 1.39) are AT (FL: -.77) and TT (FL: .71). In Korean females, the first factors (EV: 1.78) are ND (FL: -.82), RF (FL: .77) and TT (FL: .66); the second factors (EV: 1.66) are QA (FL: .88) and TF (FL: .82); the third factors (EV: 1.50) are AT (FL: -.78), GR (FL: .55) and PA (FL: .54). CONCLUSIONS: Similar categorization characteristics in QA, TF, ND, and RF in Korean males and females indicate that Korean males and females demonstrated similar LEA characteristics. These results were not found in Caucasian males and females. Therefore, it is suggested to consider ethnic differences to investigating the relationship between LEA and risk of injury.


The development of science and technology in the 21st century has been very fast and has penetrated the nuclear science. Nuclear technology has the nature of dual use that is on the one hand nuclear can be used for the purpose of prosperity of society. But on the other hand, nuclear technology can also be used for purposes that are detrimental to society and the country. Nuclear use in Indonesia has been regulated by Law No.10 of 1997 on nuclear which contains the development, and mastery of nuclear science and technology and supervision of activities related to nuclear power. However, this law regulates more related to safety aspects, while the security element has not been specifically regulated. Several issues related to nuclear terrorism and nuclear abuse must be regulated so that Law No.10 of 1997 needs to be revised. There are several main reasons for the bill to be resolved immediately. First, Indonesian Law No.10 of 1997 is now more than 20 years old and is less relevant to the development of technology and social security conditions in Indonesia. Second, the current Indonesian Law No.10 of 1997  is felt to be insufficient in regulating nuclear security in Indonesia. Third, the Law on nuclear security will guarantee the security of the management of nuclear technology and resources. Fourth, the potential and sanctions for the increased use of nuclear materials and radioactive substances in Indonesia. Fifth, legislation on nuclear security will strengthen nuclear diplomacy in the global world. With the new nuclear law, it can be used to encourage the potential and use of nuclear materials and radioactive substances to provide added value in the country. In addition, the more important thing is to be able to realize nuclear security in Indonesia from misuse by irresponsible parties.
Keywords: Law, Nuclear, Nuclear security, Security


This Article argues professional conduct codes should preserve spaces for individual lawyers to practice law with personal integrity. For background, it briefly describes the history and general traits of national codes on the regulation of lawyers, culminating with today's ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct. It then considers how and why code language exhibiting the virtue of generality and allowing for the exercise of discretion most effectively preserves spaces for personal integrity in lawyer regulation. It concludes by considering the benefits of voluntary, practice-specific ethical standards, using as an illustration those adopted for matrimonial lawyers.


Madama Butterfly, one of the ten most famous operas in the world, is one of Puccini's great realistic operas, and its cultural and artistic values are outstanding. This paper takes the tragic heroine in Puccini's Madama Butterfly as the starting point and tries to summarize the characteristics of Puccini's opera characters, i.e. "small characters big sorrow", and analyzes the causes of this characteristic from three perspectives: the specificity of the time, the emergence of realistic opera, and personal motivation. He also analyzes the causes of this characteristic from three perspectives: the specificity of the time, the creation of realistic opera, and his personal motivation.


A Thai pregnant woman with α and β hemoglobinopathies is described. Initial hemoglobin (Hb) analysis revealed an unknown variant with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elution pattern similar to Hb Hope [β136(H14)Gly→Asp]. Subsequent DNA-based diagnostics revealed that she was a carrier of Hb Constant Spring [Hb CS, α142, TAA>CAA (α2)] and a novel β-globin chain variant [β72(E16)Ser→Thr, AGT>ACT] which we named Hb Phimai. Her hematological findings and a simple DNA test for differential diagnosis of Hb Phimai and Hb Hope are presented.


Photograph of the filming of the radio station scene in the promotional film, "North Texas Now" (1974). This photograph documents three unidentified men and a table with a banner advertising KNTU-FM 88.5.


The current status of nitrogen contained stainless steels at home and abroad has been introduced. The function and existing forms of nitrogen in the stainless steels, influence of nitrogen on mechanical properties and resistcorrosion properties as well as the application of nitrogen contained stainless cast steels are involved in this paper. It is clear that nitrogen will be an important and potential alloy element in stainless steels. And AOD refining can provide an advanced manufacture process for nitrogen contained stainless steels with superlow carbon and high cleanliness.


The close structural and chemical similarity of the various porphyrins makes differentiation between them by the usual chemical and physical methods difficult. Successful characterization, using infrared spectra, has been reported by Gray, Neuberger & Sneath and by Falk & Willis (1951). X-ray diffraction patterns, being dependent on composition, molecular configuration and crystal structure, an alternative method of identifying these substances. The use of X-ray diffraction in instance in solutions of the two esters in the required proportions, evaporation to dryness, dissolving the residue in a little benzene and inducing crystallization by the slow addition of light petroleum. The mother liquor in each case contained only a trace of porphyrin ester. The more usual solvents, CHC13: methanol, were avoided as complete crystallization could not be obtained. It was, however, observed that crystallization from CHC13: methanol was poor until the composition 75 % III isomer + 25% I isomer was reached; this mixture separated readily in very well formed crystals.


In the crystal, the cations and anions stacked along the b-axis direction are linked by C—H⋯Br and N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, weak C—H⋯π (ring) interactions, which only involve the minor disorder component. Inversion-related Cl⋯Cl halogen bonds and C—Cl⋯π (ring) contacts also help to stabilize the packing.


The Preserving Virtual Worlds project has been investigating the preservation of computer games and interactive fiction. The preservation of games benefits from simultaneous application of the data models from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records report, and the Open Archival Information System reference model. The article described efforts to integrate these two data models within a single Web ontology language for application with multiple XML‐based packaging formats. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A thermophilic bacterium named P4 was isolated from the hot spring samples.The strain P4 is a Geobacillus stearothermophilus,which was determined by the physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence.The optimum reaction temperature was between 65℃ to 75℃ and the optimum reaction pH was 8.0.Besides,Zn2+ and Mg2+ accelerate the activity.The result shows that the protease of P4 belongs to thermophilic alkaline protease.The enzyme activity in optical catalytic temperature could reach 10.0U per milliliter fermentation fluid.


This paper investigates the performance of epidemic routing in mobile social networks. It first analyzes the time taken for a node to meet the first node of a set of nodes restricted to move in a specific subarea. Afterwards, a monolithic Stochastic Reward Net (SRN) is proposed to evaluate the delivery delay and the average number of transmissions under epidemic routing by considering skewed location visiting preferences. This model is not scalable enough, in terms of the number of nodes and frequently visited locations. In order to achieve higher scalability, the folding technique is applied to the monolithic model, and an approximate folded SRN is proposed to evaluate performance of epidemic routing. Discrete-event simulation is used to validate the proposed models. Both SRN models show high accuracy in predicting the performance of epidemic routing. We also propose an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model for epidemic routing and compare it with the folded model. Obtained results show that the folded model is more accurate than the ODE model. Moreover, it is proved that the number of transmissions by the time of delivery follows uniform distribution, in a general class of networks, where positions of nodes are always independent and identically distributed.


Introduction: Stunting is a condition in which a child has an unbalanced height ratio for his age, occurs due to lack of nutrition so that the child's growth is stunted. One of causes of stunting in infants and toodlers is the lack of parental knowledge about stunting.
Objective: This community service activity is carried out by empowering the community regarding stunting which is expected after this program is carried out, the community and parent know about stunting control and pay more attention to the growth of infants and toodlers.
Method: This activity is carried out by providing counseling through 4 stages, namely interviews, providing education about stunting, then monitoring for 21 days and evaluating.
Result: Of the 48 respondents before the counseling, who knew about stunting only 20 people (41,6%) after the parental knowledge counselimg increased to 40 people (83,3%). Results of monitoring for 21 days, parents are able to apply the understanding gained by providing good nutritional intake and paying attention to hygiene in infants and toodlers.
Conclusion: This service activity succeeded in increasing the knowledge of parent about stunting so that they really play a role as the main guide for the growth and development of infants and toodlers by paying more attention to the nutritional needs and development of children.


Electric drive systems, which include electric machines and power electronics, are a key enabling technology for advanced vehicle propulsion systems that reduce the petroleum dependence of the ground transportation sector. To have significant effect, electric drive technologies must be economical in terms of cost, weight, and size while meeting performance and reliability expectations. This paper will provide details of the design, analysis and testing of an advanced interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine that was developed to meet the FreedomCar 2020 specifications. The 12 slot/10 pole machine has segmented stator structure equipped with fractional-slot concentrated-windings (FSCW). The rotor has a novel spoke structure. Several prototypes with different thermal management schemes have been built and tested. The paper will cover the test results for all these prototypes and highlight the tradeoffs between the various schemes.


Her legacy lives. Nora Cruz Quebral's passing on 24 October 2020 came at the heels of a mild frenzy when a Philippine senator said that the discipline attributed to her is "cute and archaic" (Nakpi...


The present study investigated the effects of dietary commercial probiotic Lactobacillus sp. and commercial prebiotic glycyrrhizic acid on the growth performance, feed utilization and digestive enzymes activities of Nile tilapia. Seven diets with or without probiotics and prebiotics supple-mentation namely Control (without probiotics and prebiotics), P10, P20 and P30 (Control + Pro-aqua) and V2, V4 and V6 (Control +Viusid) were fed to juvenile Nile tilapia (5.22±0.05 g) for 60 days in triplicate tanks (30 fish per tank). All fish were fed ad libitum three times a day for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed with probiotic content group was found to be higher than the other groups (P<0.05). In the experiment, there was no change in the nutritional value of tilapia fed with a diet containing all feeding groups (P>0.05). On the other hand, significant changes were observed in alkaline and acid protease enzyme activities depending on the days (P<0.05). Especially, after the first 15-day period of the experiments, increases in both supplemented groups enzyme activities were determined. The increase in enzyme activity in the probiotic supplemented groups showed higher activity than the prebiotic administered groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that probiotic can act as a growth promoter and increase digestive enzymes activity in tilapia.


Background and Objective: Physical examination (inspection and palpation) has been the only available method to estimate thyroid size for many years. In areas of mild iodine deficiency, where goiters are small, ultrasonography is preferable compared to palpation for estimating thyroid volume and goiter prevalence. The proper interpretation of ultrasonography requires local reference values for thyroid volume. Our objective was to define local normal values for thyroid volume by ultrasound in school-age children in Semirom, Iran. Methodology: One thousand eight hundred twenty eight (1828) school children were enrolled in the study. Thyroid size was estimated in each child by inspection and palpation by an expert endocrinologist and was graded according to the WHO's classification. Ninety five children were randomly selected to perform ultrasound. Age specific 97 percentiles for thyroid volume were calculated for boys and girls. Results: The mean age was 9.12 ± 0.98 (mean ± SD). The prevalence of goiter by palpation in 1828 school children was 36.7%. 35% of boys and 38.6% of girls were considered goitrous by palpation. The average thyroid volume was 3.46 ± 0.13 ml. In girls, the mean of thyroid volume was 3.47 ± 0.12 ml, while it was 3.45 ± 0.15 ml in boys (p = 0.18). The regional 97 percentile of thyroid volume by ultrasound was much lower than the WHO's reference values. Conclusion: Similar to some other studies, the present study showed that the local reference is preferred for proper assessment and interpretation of thyroid volume, particularly in developing countries.


An optical frequency comb line spacing control system based on temporal and spectral Talbot effects is demonstrated. The spectral line spacing is respectively increased to 2, 3, 4, and 5 times of the original.


Tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the major reason for morbidity and mortality. In this review, we focus on pathological immune restoration in AIDS patients after antiretroviral therapies (ART) initiation. This manuscript discusses the importance of T cell immunity for antigen-specific immune reconstitution and the production of cytokines, which are divided into 2 subgroups: interferons (IFN), and interleukins (IL). We overview the role they play in connection between innate and adaptive immunity during immune restoration. We describe how hypercytokinemia produced by innate and adaptive immune cells, leads to the manifestations of tuberculosisassociated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in AIDS patients during the recovery of CD4+ T cells on ART. We conclude with a brief synopsis of treatment approaches


What kinds of personalities do humans have? Can these personalities be classified into several discrete types? These issues have been of considerable concern as they could potentially provide deeper understanding of the nature of human individuality and mental disorders. Recently, Gerlach et al. (Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 2, pages 735–742, 2018) addressed these issues by applying established machine-learning techniques to big data (more than 1.5 million respondents in total). They found four meaningful clusters in personality dimensions, suggesting the existence of at least four personality types. Here, we propose an alternative interpretation of their result: a skewed shape of the distribution with no cluster structures in personality space can erroneously lead to the seemingly meaningful clusters reported in Gerlach et al. Our finding reopens the question regarding the existence of personality types.


In addition to the desire to produce 'beautiful things', the central passion in Morris' life and work was the hatred of industrial capitalism. Through a détour across the relationship between critical Marxism and concrete utopia—in the works of Morris and Bloch—we seek to account for the unique and diverse nexus between the socialist conception of the world, the romantic-revolutionary current and what classical Marxism used to call the questions of everyday life. Based on studies of culture, literary essays and critical theory, we intend to present William Morris from the quintessential canon of 'Craft/man/ship', i.e. the centrality of work, in general, and, in particular, of live labour.


Constructing concrete jackets is a common technique when strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) columns, particularly in seismic regions. However, there are many uncertainties concerning the behavior of the composite specimen, particularly at the interface between the old and new concrete. In this paper, monotonic finite element (FE) analyses are performed to examine the behavior of strengthened columns under monotonic and cyclic loading. Through investigating two independent series of experimental results, it is demonstrated that monotonic FE analysis with appropriate assumptions can simulate both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions to a reasonable degree of accuracy. According to the results of this study, it is found that a simulation of the interface between the old and the new concrete is vital and cannot be ignored by simply considering a perfect bond at the interface. In the case of strengthened RC columns subjected to cyclic loading, strength degradation at the interface has to be included and can be effectively modeled by reducing the coefficients of friction and adhesion by using a proposed formula. Finally, the effect of jacket concrete shrinkage is simulated that leads to a reduced maximum load and stiffness of strengthened columns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Methods: Between April 1993• and October 1993, 138 patients were admitted to the department of Cardiology, Selcuk University School of Medicine Konya with suspicion of CAD. The CAD group consisted of 91 cases (63 men and 28 women). The control group consisted of 47 cases (22 men and 25 women). Results: The mean age and sex distribution of the CAD groups were presented in Table 1.. Males were predominate in patients with one and three vessels disease. Clinical characteristics of CAD and control groups are shown in Table 2. The prevalence f hypertension was higher in two vessels disease group (p<O.O1). Discussion: The importance of lipids., lipoproteins and apolipoproteins have recently been known better in prediction CAD and in promoting regression and presence of family history as a risk factor for CAD 22-26.