Klebsiella pneumoniae can naturally synthesize 3‐hydroxypropionic acid (3‐HP), 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD), and 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD) from glycerol. However, biosynthesis of these industrially important chemicals is constrained by troublesome byproducts. To clarify the influences of byproducts on 3‐HP production, in this study, a total of eight byproduct‐producing enzyme genes including pmd, poxB, frdB, fumC, dhaT, ilvH, adhP, and pflB were individually deleted from the K. pneumoniae genome. The resultant eight mutants presented different levels of metabolites. In 24‐h shake‐flask cultivation, the adhP‐ and pflB‐deletion mutants produced 0.41 and 0.44 g/L 3‐HP, respectively. Notably, the adhP and pflB double deletion mutant K. pneumoniaeΔadhPΔpflB produced 1.58 g/L 3‐HP in 24‐h shake‐flask cultivation. When K. pneumoniaeΔadhPΔpflB was harnessed as a host strain to overexpress PuuC, a native aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) catalyzing 3‐hydroxypropionaldehyde (3‐HPA) to 3‐HP, the resulting recombinant strain K. pneumoniaeΔadhPΔpflB(pTAC‐puuC) (pTAC‐puuC is PuuC expression vector) generated 66.91 g/L 3‐HP with a cumulative yield of 70.84% on glycerol in 60‐h bioreactor cultivation. Additionally, this strain showed 2.3‐, 5.1‐, and 0.67‐fold decrease in the concentrations of 1,3‐PD, 2,3‐BD, and acetic acid compared with the reference strain K. pneumoniae(pTAC‐puuC). These results indicated that the byproducts exerted differential impacts on the production of 3‐HP, 1,3‐PD, and 2,3‐BD. Although combinatorial elimination of byproduct pathways could reprogram glycerol flux, the enzyme 1,3‐propanediol oxidoreductase (DhaT) that catalyzes 3‐HPA to 1,3‐PD and the enzymes ALDHs, especially, PuuC are most pivotal for 3‐HP production. This study provides a deep understanding of how byproducts affect the production of 3‐HP, 1,3‐PD, and 2,3‐BD in K. pneumoniae.


Through analysis and demonstration on type selection standard of the filling emptying system of shiplock expounded in Section Ⅱ of "Shiplock Design Code"─"Design of Filling Emptying System"(revised version), the "discriminant"listedis considered inappropriate and can′t be the type selection standard of the filling emptying system of shiplock, thus shall be deleted from the "Code".


The Right to Education is expressly protected in s 29 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. While teacher strikes may hamper education - since students are denied instruction during the strike - they may also benefit students. Teachers do not always strike for personal economic gain and do at times strike for better education. In South Africa prior to 1994 teachers often went on strike against the apartheid government's education policy. For example, the Transvaal African Teachers' Association went on a number strikes as a sign of opposition to Bantu education saying that it was to be used to 'produce ignorant ... cheap labour ... of an oppressed people'. In Government of the Western Cape Province v COSATU a number of unionists, including teachers, protested against the poor state of education in the Western Cape.


1. Although generalizability theory is useful for assessing the relative magnitude (as a %of total variability) of different sources of error (different observers, measurement tools. etc). an equally important issue is to define exactly what an acceptable level of measurement error is in the simplest scenario of a between-day test-retest with the same observers, equipment and subjects (i. e, the most typical use of the measurement tool to detect change in body fat in response to a certain intenrention). This concept of employing "analytical goals" [2) inevitably leads to an extrapolation of the defined measurement error to either the movement of individual subjects across population percentiles or to statistical power in future experiments, rather than simply observing that a correlation is above 0.9. The reference numbers 15,35,36,37,38,55,56 and 58 in Atltinson and Nevill 121 have all shown, using analytical goals, that a very high correlation (Pearson's or ICC) may still mean that the reliability of the measurement tool is questionable. Conversely, a low correlation may not necessarily mean that reliability is poor when the meaningful difference that needs to be detected is relatively large 131. In short, there is a danger that the ICC lacks sensitivity for assessing measurement error acceptable to analytical goals. For example, using the power calculations supplied by Hopkins [4]. an ICC of 0.99 means that the measurement tool may detect an effect size of 0.2 in a simple test-retest experiment with a sample size of 4 subjects. If the ICC was 0.90, the estimated sample size would increase to 40. Both lCCs would be judged, conventionally, as excellent.


Passive houses – a literature study of buildings for the future
The housing and services sectors account for about 40 percent of Sweden's total energy use.Because of the large energy consumption in ...


Powder bed fusion processes are increasingly used to produce both metal and polymeric functional products. However, the most challenging designs still require several iterations before finding the best printing conditions and need to be repeated with different build setups until the designs can be printed successfully. In this context, simulation plays an increasingly important role for those looking for assistance to reduce residual scrap rate and accelerate the manufacturing process. In this work, the benefits of using pre-build simulation-driven approaches are demonstrated on several case studies for both Laser Sintering of PA12 and Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V. The insights derived from the simulations are validated via X-ray Computed Tomography.


Since 2002 Dutch higher education has adopted the Bachelor/Master degree structure. Many universities of applied sciences have since then designed their undergraduate professional bachelor programmes education in terms of majors and minors. Minors offer students the possibility to differentiate their education in such a way that it reflects their personal ambitions and interests. Hardly anything is known concerning which factors influence students' choices with regards to minors. This study aims to answer the following question: which factors influence the choice of minors of undergraduate students in professional HE? A research project consisting of three interrelated studies was designed to answer this question. The first study used existing literature focusing on choices students make in the field of HE. Research into students' choices of courses, students' choices of majors and students' more general choices with regards to higher education was used to develop a first idea about possible variables influencing choices in higher education. A qualititive survey was then carried out to fine-tune the list of variables with regards to students' choices of minors. The third study was a quantitative survey informed by the findings of the previous two. The students taking part in the survey all study at six different departments of a large university of applied sciences in the South of the Netherlands. The six departments offer education in the following areas of study: social sciences, health, education, economics & business, science & technology and arts. The study contributes to the general knowledge we have concerning decision making and choices that are made by students in HE in particular.


FRS 10 requires investments in player contracts by football companies to be capitalized and amortized. Given the high degree of uncertainty associated with such contracts, it is not clear that this treatment is consistent with asset capitalization criteria. The evidence provided in this paper does not support inconclusively this capitalization requirement in that it indicates weak association of investment in player contracts with three measures of future benefits. In particular, the duration of this association is at most two years, which is shorter than the duration implied by the amortization period reported by sample companies. Nonetheless, other findings suggest that market participants seem to agree with the treatment prescribed by FRS 10. These results should be of interest to practitioner and standard setters who (axiomatically) regard intangibles acquired in an arm's length transaction as assets.


This paper constructs a new 4D chaotic system from the Sprott B system. The system is dissipative, chaotic with two saddle foci. The bifurcation diagrams verify that the system exists multiple attractors with different initial values, including two strange attractors, two periodic attractors. Furthermore, we apply the passive control to control the system. A controller is designed for driving the system to the origin. The simulations show our theoretical results visually.


Flightiness, or depositor sensitivity to liquidity needs, can be an important determinant of financial distress. I leverage institutional differences—that attract depositors with varying flightiness—across building and loan associations in California during the Great Depression. A new type of plan, the Dayton plan, involved less restrictive savings plans and lower withdrawal penalties. Dayton plans in California were more likely to close during the Great Depression. Archival evidence on lending rates and returns supports the flightiness mechanism.


About NLPIP The National Lighting Product Information Program (NLPIP) was established in 1990. NLPIP is administered by the Lighting Research Center (LRC), the world's leading university-based center devoted to lighting excellence. NLPIP's mission is to help lighting specifiers and other lighting decision-makers choose wisely by providing the most complete, up-to-date, objective, manufacturer specific information available on energy-efficient lighting products. Priority is given to information not available or easily accessible from other sources. NLPIP tests lighting products according to accepted industry procedures or, if such procedures are not available or applicable, NLPIP develops interim tests that focus on performance issues important to specifiers or end users. In 1998, NLPIP Online debuted at www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/nlpip, making the information provided by NLPIP even more accessible to lighting specifiers and other interested people. NLPIP Online includes PDF files of Specifier Reports, Lighting Answers, and several searchable databases containing manufacturer-reported data and test results. To ensure its continued objectivity, NLPIP does not accept funding from manufacturers. No portion of this publication or the information contained herein may be duplicated or excerpted in any way in other publications, databases, or any other medium without express written permission of the publisher. Making copies of all or part of this publication for any purpose other than for undistributed personal use is a violation of United States copyright laws. It is against the law to inaccurately present information extracted from Specifier Reports for product publicity purposes. Information in these reports may not be reproduced without permission of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The products described herein have not been tested for safety. The Lighting Research Center and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute make no representations whatsoever with regard to safety of products, in whatever form or combination used, and the results of testing set forth for your information cannot be regarded as a representation that the products are or are not safe to use in any specific situation, or that the particular product you purchase will conform to the results found in this report. Introduction A well-lighted parking lot or outdoor area is an important feature of a shopping center, urban park, apartment building, industrial park, or factory. Well-designed parking lot or area lighting can attract customers, facilitate traffic and pedestrian safety, increase economic development, deter crime and vandalism, and create a sense of personal security. Conversely, lighting that is poorly planned may waste energy, decrease vehicle and pedestrian safety, and may result in …


Gomes, R.K.S., Takiyama, L.R., Pereira, L.C.C., Silva, U.R.L. and Ferreira, R.C.M., 2011. Social diagnosis and guidelines for coastal management in environmental protection areas of the Amazon littoral (Amapa, Brazil). Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1331 – 1335 . Szczecin, Poland, ISBN 0749-0208 Th e 698 km coastline of the Brazilian state of Amapa includes estuarine (236 km) and Atlantic (462 km) sectors. About 90% of the state's population lives in the coastal zone, where the predominant economic activities are agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and ranching. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the social diagnosis of the estuarine sector of the state through the analysis of three communities located in wetland areas in the municipality of the state capital, Macapa. Guidelines for coastal management were proposed in the context of local conflicts of interest, and the lack of perspective for investments from local or regional authorities. The study took place between April and June, 2010, and was based on questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation. Most residents are relatively young, with no more than a primary education, have no formal employment and earn less than the minimum wage. The majority of the population owns their own residence, although many are squatters, living in stilt houses. Public services are extremely limited and there is no waste disposal or public sanitation system, and no public water supply. The current status of the three communities is the result of the exacerbation of the intrinsic problems of urban growth in the absence of effective public policy. A number of strategies are suggested for improving the situation of the study area, including (i) the implementation of an urban planning program; (ii) investment in local infrastructure and services; and (iii) the participative management of local resources.


Technology scales strongly increased the sensitivity of new integrated logic circuits to transient faults. Since the reliability of combinational circuit is an important factor in digital circuits design, so, a fast method to obtain accurate value of reliability becomes a main challenge. The main source of inaccuracy and scalability problems in existing methods is the presence of reconverging signals. In this paper a new library-based method is proposed to calculate the circuit reliability in which the effects of nested reconvergent paths is considered easily. So a binary probability matrix is used to resolve signals correlation problem. Simulation results show that our proposed method gives accurate reliability value with less complexity than previous methods.


The equivalent circuit of film bulk acoustic wave coupling resonator filters was built based on Mason model,and the fast simulation of filter was realized.After combination of coupling resonator filter and ladder type FBAR filter,the square ratio and outside band rejection of filters were improved.Then,the phase linearity of serious filter was ameliorated by optimum design.


Minimal catalyst (MICA) water, produced by high-pressure treatment, activates liquids, solids, and gases (including nitrogen in air). By using MICA-treated devices, we have achieved a remarkable reduction in CO2 levels (27%) and the elimination of NOx (40%) from automobile exhaust, possibly as a result of better combustion of gasoline. A typical MICA-treated device consists of an activated copper-plated plastic appliance. Our simple low-cost purification systems operate on the inlet gases, and can be fitted at the front of the engine bay of an automobile. MICA water energy at near-infrared to terahertz wavelengths, the mechanism underlying the reduction in automobile exhaust gases and the deodorization effect, is discussed.


It is necessary that the serving-call session control function (S-CSCF) be assigned by the operator of IP multimedia networks for user-based call session control. If the assignment of the S-CSCF to the user is not adaptive, the user may not be provided with IP multimedia services and network resources are wasted because of the overload of the specific S-CSCF. But 3GPP standardization organization has taken over the issue of S-CSCF selection by I-CSCF to the operator's implementation role and has not explicitly described it. Therefore to resolve this problem, in this paper, we design the data structure for S-CSCF selection and a three-step S-CSCF selection algorithm which assigns the adaptive S-CSCF by the I-CSCF and effectively uses the network resources on IP multimedia subsystems


The thermal contact resistance (TCR) problem is categorized into three different problems: geometrical, mechanical, and thermal. Each problem includes a macro and micro scale subproblem; existing theories and models for each part are reviewed. Empirical correlations for microhardness, and the equivalent (sum) rough surface approximation are discussed. Suggested correlations for estimating the mean absolute surface slope are summarized and compared with experimental data. The classical conforming rough contact models, i.e elastic and plastic, as well as elastoplastic models are reviewed. A set of scale (dimensionless) relationships are derived for the contact parameters, i.e. the mean microcontact size, number of microcontacts, density of microcontacts, and the external load as functions of dimensionless separation, for the above models. These scale relationships are plotted; it is graphically shown that the behavior of these models, in terms of the contact parameters, are similar. The most common assumptions of existing thermal analysis are summarized. As basic elements of thermal analysis, spreading resistance of a circular heat source on a half-space and flux tube are reviewed, also existing flux tube correlations are compared. More than 400 TCR data points collected by different researchers during last forty years are grouped into two limiting cases: conforming rough, and elasto-constriction. Existing TCR models are reviewed and compared with the experimental data at these two limits. It is shown that the existing theoretical models do not cover both of the above-mentioned limiting cases.


Theoretical and observational studies are suggesting that long gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs) occur in low‐metal environment. Lyman‐alpha (Lyα) equivalent width is a feature of galaxies that is closely connected to the metal abundance of the galaxies, hence Lyα emission lines of the host galaxies can provide us an important clue to the metallicity dependence of long GRB production. Optical follow up observations of high redshift (z>2) long GRBs suggest that almost all of detected host galaxies have strong Lyα emission line, while the fraction of galaxies with a strong Lyα emission line in Lyman‐break galaxies (LBGs) at similar redshift is about 25%. Combining models of galaxy formation and metal dependent long GRB production, we predict statistical properties of Lyα emission of long GRB host galaxies at high redshift. The properties of host galaxies which we predict assuming that long GRBs occur preferentially in low‐metal environment reproduce observations, while predictions with metal independent GRB productio...


The Cistercian monastery located in Valbuena de Duero, Valladolid, boats well-preserved wall painting remains in the lower cloister. A number of Jesus Christ passion scenes situated by the vault ornamentation, suggest the existence of an outstanding group of artists settled in Valladolid by the late XVIth century and connected to the royal entourage and the Italian fashion.


SUMMARY

Relative conductivity (K) to water in healthy apple trees ranged from maximum values of 18.2 cm3.100 s-1.cm length.0.001 Pas.kPa-1.cm-2 xylem area, for major suberized roots to values of 1.6 for 1-yr-old twigs. The values for equivalent parts of healthy cherry trees were 26.3 and 3.3. Trees with roots affected by the larvae of the fruit tree root weevil (Leptopius squalidus) which causes either chronic growth decline or sudden wilting and death, had values as low as 1% of healthy trees, in those parts of the tree showing wilting and lack of growth.

Water flow under pressure into the root systems of healthy apple trees increased linearly with increases in pressure from 200 to 800 kPa. Flows into dormant and active root systems respectively were 0.6 and 1.7 cm3.100 s-1. 100 cm2 root surface area. 100 kPa-1.


During the past two decades social scientists have paid an increasing amount of attention to the circulation of commodities and the eff ects that commodity production, distribution, and consumption have on social life (see Miller 1995). Today, social scientists are beginning to think carefully about the political ecologies of these same commodity circulations (see Bryant and Goodman 2004; Doane 2010; West 2012). We are exploring the environmental consequences of the creation, circulation, and consumption of commodities, the role of nature in shaping the commodity form, their circulation and resulting social life, and the broader political economy in which commodity circulation is found. Food is an obvious and important entry point into the analysis of both commodity circulation and political ecology. It is important both as the commodity we consume most frequently and most intimately. Food becomes us corporeally, it changes us physically; it is a vital part of our personal, regional, and national identities, as well as the driver of, and accompaniment to, much of our social activity. Agriculture is one of the main drivers of land use change and one of the most extensive forms of land cover. Whether in the form of unrest over food prices, or protest about its industrialized production, food gets people motivated in unusual ways. Much of the current literature on food in the social sciences fi ts into three categories: literature that follows food from production to distribution to consumption (the commodity chain approach), literature that focuses on the meanings attributed to foods as they circulate (the semiotics of circulation or commodity circuit approach), and literature that focuses on the lives of producers and where they fi t in global political economic structures (the political economy approach). Collectively the work in these approaches provides an excellent lens with which to examine current dilemmas in social science. In particular it helps us understand diff erent aspects of what has been called "globalization." Th ere is now a strong contemporary literature drawing on rich histories of the analysis of agriculture, social life, and political economy from anthropology, geography, sociology, and history. In this issue of Environment and Society: Advances in Research we bring together some of the insights that studying food can provide—both what they tell us with regard to food specifi cally, and about commodity chains, semiotics, and political economies more generally. Th ere is a persistent theme throughout the articles; namely most take a long hard look at the transformative potential of diff erent schemes that hope to alter the injustices and ecological violence that our food commodity chains can create. Th e result is not always encouraging reading but the quality of the scholarship is bracing.


In the excavations carried out at a cave in Qumran by Vendyl Jones in April 1992, a "red material" and a large quantity of ash were found. This finding was dated by a coin found at the site to the period of the Jewish revolt against the Romans in 68-69 BCE. Vendyl Jones, assisted by experts in his employ, identified "the red material" with components of the incense burnt in the Temple. The purpose of this article is to suggest a different explanation for the Qumran finding. In our opinion, the substance in question is a cleaning material known in the ancient Hebrew as "borit" [Lye] which was produced in this region by the inhabitants of Qumran and was one of their industries.


Traditionally in the engineering profession, engineers are taught to read a problem, draw the diaphragm, identify the applicable engineering equations and solve for the numerical solution. While the methodology addresses the importance of understanding the problem, the process of solving leads to a single numerical value. As a result, the solution is case specific. Any change or modification of the initial variables as is common in engineering practice is at considerable effort and expense. Using a more general mathematical approach, the applicable equations can be developed and manipulated symbolically in terms of unknown variables to develop a class of solutions (or system of equations). The resulting family of solutions is then reduced to a simple mathematical form, which can then be solved directly for the specific numerical solution. The focus of this paper is to present the student assessments of a sophomore level engineering statics course focusing on a mathematical technique used to develop generalized solutions to engineering problems. A fundamental approach is discussed which improves student understanding of the concepts in applied engineering mechanics. As part of the course, a steel truss bridge project is integrated into the curriculum.


Gearset fabricated from molybdenum sulfide filled polyimide allows attention-free operation in vacuum and at extreme temperatures. Ring gear drives pinion gear on shaft in skewed-axis arrangement. Because loads are shared among multiple meshing teeth, self-lubricating material is strong enough to accomodate high gear ratio.


The book includes all main physical properties of d- and f-transition-metal systems and corresponding theoretical concepts. Especial attention is paid to the theory of magnetism and transport phenomena. Some examples of non-traditional questions which are treated in detail in the book: the influence of density of states singularities on electron properties; many-electron description of strong itinerant magnetism; mechanisms of magnetic anisotropy; microscopic theory of anomalous transport phenomena in ferromagnets. Besides considering classical problems of solid state physics as applied to transition metals, modern developments in the theory of correlation effects in d- and f-compounds are considered within many-electron models. The book contains, where possible, a simple physical discussion. More difficult questions are considered in Appendices.


The goal of This study to analyze Arabic learning and materials taught at the Faculty of Tourism. This study is designed to find Arabic teaching materials that are in accordance with the science of Tourism students. This study assumes that tourism Arabic must contain themes related to tourism science so that the direction of language learning emphasizes more on the needs of students. This research is a development research with a qualitative and quantitative approach. This research was conducted through three stages: introduction, development and implementation, data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that the Arabic language material at the Faculty of Tourism still contained grammatical structure material prepared for Arabic language practitioners. This research produces Arabic teaching materials that suit the needs of students with title "al Arabiyah lissiyahah". These teaching materials contain tourism themes such as ta'aruf, Kampung Sarugo, the beauty of the universe, lodging in hotels. The structure of the material in this teaching material uses the whole language principle, starting with KI, KD, Indicators, followed by conversation material, Arabic text, language proficiency exercises, games, mahfuzhat, meaning of vocabulary for midterm assignments and final semester assignments. Based on the responses of language and media experts, this teaching material is considered very good.


Introduction: In the randomized placebo controlled phase 3 trial PANORAMA 1 the pan-deacetylase inhibitor (pan-DACi) panobinostat combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone (PAN-BTZ-Dex) led to a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in progression free survival in patients (pts) with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (Pbo-BTZ-Dex; 12.0 vs 8.1 months; hazard ratio 0.63, P Methods: The PANORAMA 1 trial included 12 cycles of treatment with two treatment phases (TP1: eight 3-week cycles; TP2: four 6-week cycles). In TP1, pts were randomized to receive oral PAN (20 mg) or Pbo administered thrice weekly for the first 2 weeks, with intravenous BTZ (1.3 mg/m2) administered on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 and Dex (20 mg) administered orally on the days of and after BTZ. In TP2 (for pts demonstrating clinical benefit), PAN or Pbo were administered similarly but BTZ was administered once-weekly (days 1, 8, 22 and 29) with Dex on the day of and after BTZ. For each cycle, prevalence and incidence for diarrhea AEs were determined; these were characterized by grade, improvement in grade, worsening of grade, and resolution of diarrhea. Results: In the PANORAMA 1 trial, a total of 260/381 (68.2%) pts treated with PAN-BTZ-Dex and 157/377 (41.6%) pts treated with Pbo-BTZ-Dex reported AEs of diarrhea; most were grade 1 or 2 (PAN-BTZ-Dex: 42.8% vs Pbo-BTZ-Dex: 33.7%). Grade 4 diarrhea was rare (PAN-BTZ-Dex: 1.3%; Pbo-BTZ-Dex: 0.5%). Dose adjustments/interruptions for diarrhea occurred in 26% on the PAN-BTZ-Dex arm and 9% on the Pbo-BTZ-Dex arm. Treatment discontinuation due to diarrhea occurred in 4.5% on the PAN-BTZ-Dex arm and 1.6% on the Pbo-BTZ-Dex arm. Serious AEs of diarrhea occurred in 11.3% on PAN-BTZ-Dex arm and 2.4% on Pbo-BTZ-Dex arm. There was no hemorrhagic diarrhea on the PAN-BTZ-Dex arm and in 1 pt in the Pbo-BTZ-Dex arm. In the majority of pts (56.2%) in the PAN-BTZ-Dex arm, diarrhea occurred for the first time in cycles 1-4 and was primarily grade 1/2; first onset occurred rarely in TP2 (Figure). Cumulative incidence of diarrhea on the PAN-BTZ-Dex arm plateaued by cycle 6 (61.9% by cycle 6; 68.2% overall). The cumulative number of pts with complete resolution of diarrhea (defined as resolved diarrhea that did not recur on treatment) increased over the course of the study. During treatment, 67.7% (258/381) in PAN-BTZ-Dex arm had either no diarrhea or complete resolution of their diarrhea. Analysis of diarrhea management by grade and treatment phase revealed that most pts received medication to manage the diarrhea. Antidiarrheal medications were administered to 70.8% (184/260) pts with diarrhea across all grades; loperamide was used most commonly. However, many pts with grade 1/2 diarrhea had no action taken in TP1: grade 1 - 58% (115/198); grade 2 - 26% (33/127), suggesting suboptimal management of diarrhea. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that diarrhea in pts who received PAN-BTZ-Dex occurs primarily in the first 1-4 cycles of treatment with cumulative incidence reaching a plateau around cycle 6. Majority of pts with diarrhea had complete resolution during treatment. Although diarrhea was commonly observed in pts who received PAN-BTZ-Dex in the PANORAMA 1 trial, it was manageable and seldom led to treatment discontinuation; however, some pts with grade 1/2 diarrhea did not receive proactive management. Optimal management of diarrhea with prompt intervention including antidiarrheal medication and dose holds/adjustments of BTZ and PAN at the first sign of loose stools may help to maintain pts on therapy and thus improve outcomes with PAN-BTZ-Dex. Future trials should seek to employ these strategies for pts who experience GI toxicity, and should consider subcutaneous administration of BTZ. In addition, studies using combinatorial agents with less overlapping GI toxicity with PAN may further improve safety in this setting. Disclosures Richardson:Takeda: Research Funding; Millennium: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Dimopoulos:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Jedrzejczak:Amgen, Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Guenther:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Siritanaratkul:Novartis: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Schlossman:Millennium: Consultancy. Hou:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Moreau:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lonial:Millennium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy. Sopala:Novartis Pharma AG: Employment. Panneerselvam:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Redhu:Novartis: Employment. Corrado:Novartis Pharma AG: Employment. Binlich:Novartis Pharma SAS: Employment.


An expression for the functional-derivative sensitivity density of the scattering matrix in parameter space is derived. This expression can be used to assess the effect on scattering observables of varying space-dependent quantities in the Hamiltonian (e.g., the interaction potential or the free-target portion of the Hamiltonian). This work represents the most general formulation of elementary sensitivity analysis for quantum scattering problems, and its use is demonstrated by a few sample calculations.


The intrinsic viscosity of the filler is a key parameter to determine the increase in viscosity of bitumen as a function of filler volume fraction. In this study, the intrinsic viscosity of bitumen containing different organo montmorillonite (Mt) nanoclay was studied by using Simha composite model. The comparison of intrinsic viscosity was made to bitumens containing different fillers. Compared with the data on the intrinsic viscosity of other mineral fillers in bitumen, organo Mt is more effective to enhance this rheological property, due to its better compatibility with bitumen and its intercalated structure formation. These data can give a clear insight into the reinforcement mechanisms of bitumen when different types of mineral filler are used to modify the bitumen.


The nutritional reserves of premature infants are generally lower than those of full-term children. The needs of the premature infant are greater. Pre-infant formulas are specially formulated to contribute to growth and development of premature infants and are available in several distribution channels in Cote d'Ivoire. Nutrients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as minerals in commercialized formula samples were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used. The results showed values close to the values indicated on the packaging by the manufacturers. The concentrations of these nutrients in these formulas are higher than those of breastmilk. This study has contributed to the quality control of infant formulas sold in Cote d'Ivoire.


Written under the exacting compulsion of the moment, Brown's account reads like a relentless catalogue of facts without any emotional outlet. Individuals become a series of body parts on the operating table, jumbled as much into abbreviated syntax as into abbreviated time: the mention of the 'happy' Turk is like the intrusion of macabre humour into the narrative. The emotionless tone is perhaps due to the pressures of time and extreme physical exhaustion; it is also the voice of one who is inside the moment of horror, as if an efficient nursing service – the amputation of body parts in this case – had resulted in, or even demanded, the amputation of one's own intimate nerves. Brown's account is characteristic of the experience of thousands of young, educated women who ventured into the forbidden zone during the First World War to serve the war wounded. On 1 August 1914 there were 47,196 female Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) nurses, and by 1 April 1920 the numbers had swelled to 82,857. The VAD recruitment campaign conflated class prejudices with the idea of service: it worked on the assumption that upperand middle-class women, by dint of their 'character' and 'breeding', were more fit to serve and represent the country than were working-class women. Women trained to be genteel Edwardian ladies suddenly found themselves forming a 'curious community of suffering', particularly after the Somme battles Textual Practice 19(2), 2005, 239–262


The paper presents the results of a comparative study between the multiple response spectrum method and the time-history method for the seismic analysis of nuclear piping systems subjected to different excitation at different supports or support groups. First, the necessary equations for the above analysis procedures are derived. Then, three actual nuclear piping systems subjected to single and multiple excitations are analyzed by the different methods, and extensive comparisons of the results (stresses) are made. Based on the results, it is concluded that the multiple response spectrum analysis gives acceptable results as compared to the ''exact'', but much more costly, time-history analysis. 6 refs.


This study aims to analyze the effect of competitive advantage and the role of information technology in Nagari Tuo Pariangan Tanah Datar District and tourist satisfaction as an intervening variable. This research is a causative research with PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis technique. The population in this study are all tourists who have visited the tourist attraction of Nagari Tuo Pariangan, both foreign and domestic tourists, with a total sample of 260 respondents. The results showed that there was a significant positive effect on compeitive advantage on tourist satisfaction, information technology on tourist satisfaction, competitive advantage on revisit intention, tourist satisfaction with revisit intention, competitive advantage on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction, and information technology on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction. The results also showed that there was no significant positive relationship between information technology on revisit intention.


This study deals with the debate between Kant and Schiller about the role of the inclinations and the duty in morality. Based on an epigram of Schiller many critics of the ethics of Kant said that Kant offers no place to feelings in ethics. However, this scenario has changed in recent years with several members of the Kant-Forschung highlighting the role that Kant gives virtue and feelings in his later works. Now it is a commomplace to identify the position of Schiller regarding the ethics of Kant with what Schiller said in his work Uber Anmut und Wurde. Therefore, this study seeks to show how duty and inclination plays an important role in the ethical conceptions of Schiller and Kant. Moreover, Schiller raises some objections against the ethics of Kant and this study aims to outline some answers from Kant to these objections in works such as The Metaphysics of Morals, Vorarbeiten zur Religion and Vorlesungen zur Moralphilosophie.


On one level, geography is about place and sense of place. On another level, it is about recognizing historical landmarks and the creation of symbolic landscapes. Sometimes, geography perpetuates received opinions that need deconstruction and one such example involves the myths and changing attitudes about the past that have spawned a culturally distinct but sentimental and contrived vernacular landscape in the city's countryside. Contemporary society has reclaimed historical landmarks, structures and narratives for a number of purposes. Rustification impulses and the search for past country decor in wider life spaces have altered the city's countryside and imbued past sites with new social, cultural, economic and more importantly, metaphorical meaning. Sentiment for the past has become an attractive amenity within the city's countryside. It is contended that the city's countryside is a paradoxical, non-Euclidean space where codign sets of attributes apply It is less a new society that we experience than a new idea of the old. The city's countryside has as much claim to the title "symbolic landscape" as other socially and culturally constructed places. Because I know that time is always time And place is always and only place And what is actual is actual only for one time And only for one place


The ability to manage one's menstrual health with adequate knowledge, safety, and dignity and without stigma is an essential human right.3 However, hundreds of millions of girls and women in low-resource settings are not well prepared when menstruation begins. They lack access to information, products, and infrastructure needed to comfortably manage menstruation. Girls' and women's health, well-being, and rights are compromised when they must isolate themselves from their families; avoid work, community activities, or school; and face risks to their physical safety because of their basic biology.4 Adolescent girls are especially vulnerable to negative outcomes related to menstruation, including effects on their overall self-esteem and confidence.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between reported physical activity and optimism. A secondary purpose was to determine whether physical self-efficacy and trait anxiety mediate the relationship between exercise and optimism. Participants (N = 188) were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing optimism, pessimism, physical self-efficacy, trait anxiety, and extent and nature of involvement in physical activity. Demographic information was also collected. The results indicated that high active individuals were significantly more optimistic and less pessimistic than inactive/low active individuals. In addition, the moderately and high active groups reported significantly higher physical self-efficacy and lower trait anxiety than the inactive/low active group. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that trait anxiety and physical self-efficacy accounted for significant unique variation in optimism. The findings are consistent with previous research indicating that opti...


I have been asked to speak about environmental education research since Tbilisi, to explore what we might learn from this work, and look ahead to the challenges that now face us as a community engaged in doing, and using, research. I am going to argue that we need greater openness to new approaches, and different ways of thinking and working, more understanding across cultures about who we are and what we know, and a stronger research focus on understanding the relationship between sustainability, society and learning. I shall conclude that, as an environmental education community, we need to reach out to other researchers and users of research, and especially to policy-makers. I shall argue that we need to do this for two reasons: firstly, because they need to know more about the significance of what environmental education researchers do – and, secondly, because we need to work with them if we are to make a significant contribution to resolving the issues the planet faces. To prepare for this talk, I thought I had better re-familiarise myself with the research literature from the past 30 years, and use that to examine the various shifts that have taken place since then: for example, shifts of emphasis, of engagement, and of approach. A number of things are apparent from doing this, and I shall say something about four of these today:


Cytokine IL-12 and the recently discovered cytokine IL-23 and IL-27, which have a similar structure to cytokine IL-12, combine to form the IL-12 family. These three cytokines activate naive T cells or memory T cells and then induce different cytokine phenotypes and play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It was previously believed that only cytokine IL-12 played an important role in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the latest discovery shows that it is cytokine IL-23, but not IL-12, to produce cytokine IL-17 through inducing and differentiating Th17 and promote the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Meanwhile, cytokine IL-27 has a dual effect; it induces inflammation at the onset and suppresses inflammation in the advanced stages.

Key words:
Interleukin-12 family; Multiple sclerosis; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis


Seat performance in retaining an occupant, transferring energy, and controlling neck responses is often questioned after severe rear crashes when fatal or disabling injury occur. It is argued that a stiffer seat would have improved occupant kinematics. However, there are many factors in occupant interactions with the seat. This study evaluates four different seat types in 26 and 32 mph (42 and 51 km/h), rear crash delta Vs. Two seats were yielding with k = 20 kN/m occupant load per displacement. One represented a 1970s yielding seat with j = 3.4°/kN frame rotation per occupant load, and 3 kN maximum load (660 Nm moment), and the other a high retention seat phased into production since 1997 with j = 1.4°/kN, and 10 kN maximum load (2200 Nm). Two seats were stiff with k = 40 kN/m. One represented a 1990s foreign benchmark with j = 1.8°/kN and a 7.7 kN maximum load (1700 Nm), and the other an all belts to seat (ABTS) with j = 1.0°/kN and 20 kN maximum load (4400 Nm). The crash was a constant acceleration of 11.8 g, or 14.5 g for 100 ms. Occupant interactions with the seat were modeled using a torso mass, flexible neck and head mass. By analysis of the equations of motion, the initial change in seatback angle (Δθ) is proportional to jk(y − x), the product jk and the differential motion between the vehicle (seat cushion) and occupant. The transition from 1970s–80s yielding seats to stronger seats of the 1990s involved an increase in k stiffness; however, the jk property did not change as frame structures became stronger. The yielding seats of the 1970s had jk = 68°/m, while the stiff foreign benchmark seat had jk = 72°/m. The foreign benchmark rotated about the same as the 1970s seat up to 50 ms in the severe rear crashes. While it was substantially stronger, it produced higher loads on the occupant, and the higher loads increased seatback rotations and neck responses. The ABTS seat had the lowest rotations but also caused high neck responses because of the greater loads on the torso. Neck displacement (d) is initially proportional to (k/mT) ∫∫ y, seat stiffness times the second integral of vehicle displacement divided by torso mass. As seat stiffness increases, head-torso acceleration, velocity, and neck displacement increase. This study shows that the jk seat property determines the initial seatback rotation in rear crashes. If a stronger seat has a higher stiffness, it rotates at higher loads on the occupant, reducing the overall benefit of the stronger frame, while increasing neck responses related to whiplash or neck extension prior to subsequent impacts. The aim of seat designs should be to reduce jk, provide pocketing of the pelvis, and give head-neck support for the best protection in severe rear crashes. For low-speed crashes, a low k is important to reduce early neck responses related to whiplash.


The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous and most studied problems of combinatorial optimization. Its mathematical model consists of finding a minimum-weight Hamiltonian cycle in a weighted graph. This paper gives an overview of the TSP problem and its complexity throughout its history, variants, solution methods, and applications.


The three fundamental parameters of stellar atmosphere, which are the effective temperature, the surface gravity, and the metallic abundance, determine the continuum and spectral lines in the stellar spectrum. A new algorithm is proposed for estimating the three parameters in this paper. It is composed of three steps: (1) the sample data of stellar spectrum, whose three fundamental parameters are known, is reduced to a lower dimensional feature space using PCA (Pnincipal Component Analysis) technique; (2) a non-parameter estimator with variable window-width is set up from the correspondence between the feature data and their fundamental parameters data; (3) this estimator is used to compute the fundamental parameters of a stellar spectrum. Experiments indicate that the estimator is more efficient and robust than the fixed window-width estimator.


The article focuses on the advancement and changes in global public health as the result of efforts to achieve the goals of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Topics discussed include improvement in children and maternal health, disease outbreaks and natural disasters, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).


Shiga toxins (Stxs), some of the most important virulence factors in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, are known to be induced and released by various environmental cues, such as DNA damage responses and stress-inducing chemicals. In order to investigate the possible effects of growth media on Stxs expression, we analyzed the growth kinetics and expression of Stxs (Stx1 and 2) in cells grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) and E. coli (EC) media, which are widely used for EHEC O157:H7. Through direct plating and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), it was revealed that, when EHEC O157:H7 was grown in EC medium, the total bacterial count was reduced significantly and the stx1 transcription was greatly increased during the stationary growth phase than that in LB. Here we report that bile salts and lactose, which are the two only components in EC medium that are absent in LB, function as negative and positive regulatory signals, respectively, for the transcription of both stx1 and stx2. Indeed, stx transcription was significantly increased (~5.7 and ~21.8 fold for stx1 and stx2, respectively; p < 0.05) in an EC medium lacking bile salts when compared to the normal EC. In contrast, EHEC O157:H7 grown in an EC medium lacking lactose did significantly decrease these transcriptions (~93.5 and ~4.3 fold for stx1 and stx2, respectively; p < 0.05). Consistently, stx transcription was drastically increased in an LB medium supplemented with lactose, implying that lactose might be an environmental trigger for the expression of Stxs.


ABSTRACT This paper introduces a novel regular Markov chain model to forecast price trends in Taiwan Depository Receipts (TDRs), secondary listed companies in Taiwan. No studies of TDRs have used such a model. This research establishes a regular Markov chain model that identifies three levels: Rising more than average, rising less than average, and falling. The purpose of the proposed model is to integrate three levels of the rising quality with TDR's settlement price on one trading day and the preceding day simultaneously. Thus, the methodology of this study is to introduce a 3*3-state regular Markov chain model, to use formulas to establish a Markov chain probability matrix, and to give a graphical representation for the proposed regular Markov chain model. The numerical result shows that, through a regular Markov chain model, the forecasting outcomes can provide investors with useful information, such as the long-term price of TDRs or whether or not the distribution of the states for the price of the TDRs will stabilize over time.


In many disciplines at school and university students conduct experiment to learn key fact hands-on. Teachers expend considerable effort to make these experiments doable and meaningful. Our contest task is to use the power of the ordinary PC with a specially designed interface, to enhance the experiment experience for students, to make designing and setting up experiment easier for the teacher, and to show off our work in a spectacular way to the public.


Generally, protein-interaction prediction between the proteins of any host and the virus's proteins is quite crucial for the infection and the pathogenesis of the virus, which makes it striking target for the development of the therapeutics. The major aim of the present study was to utilize the structure-based approach to predict proteins responsible for the propagation of the ZIKV infection in the host machinery. A computational structure-based approach has been applied for the prediction of interacting proteins. From this methodology, we come up with the interactions which are very crucial for the virus infection propagation into the host's cellular system. As there is a notable relationship between the Zika virus and the neurodevelopment abnormalities, still there is no specific system underlying which impaired neurological development has not been determined. We encounter some of the interactions which are predicted from the methodology adopted in our work, through which we can say that these are some interactions which cause neuron disorders as the major problem associated with this viral infection.


The article describes the psychometric analysis of the Revised Shyness Scale of Check and Buss, composed of 11 Likert items with five alternatives. The scale was administered to 385 students, men and women, 16-25 years of age and national private universities in Lima. Correlation analysis-test item associations found highly significant (p<0.001) for each of the reagents, the reagents evaluated indicating that a single construct indicators. Shyness Scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach's a = .842). The validity of construct was established by means of Analysis Factorial, where the analysis of principal components and the orthogonal rotation (Varimax) they extracted two factors identified


Objective: To develop a high performance liquid chromatographic( HPLC) method for the chiral separation of Danshensu enantiomers with L-phenylalanine and copper sulphate as the chiral mobile phase additives. Methods: The separation was performed on a C8reversed-phase column( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm),and the influences of methanol content,concentrations of chiral mobile phase additives,pH of the buffer and the column temperature were investigated. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-chiral solution( containing 8 mmol·L-1L-phenylalanine and 3 mmol·L-1copper sulphate,adjusted to pH 3. 5 by NaOH solution)( 18∶ 82); the flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min-1; the column temperature was controlled at 20 ℃ and the wavelength detector was set at 279 nm. Result: A baseline separation of Danshensu enantiomers was achieved,and Danshensu was eluted prior to L-isomer with a resolution value of 1. 79. The correction factor between L-isomer and Danshensu was 0. 948,and the average recoveries were in the range of 98. 6%-100. 8% with RSD less than 1. 0%. Conclusion: The established method is simple and economic,with practical significance in checking and controlling the optical purity of Danshensu in industrial production.


turbulence intensity of 9% just after the trailing edge. Maximum turbulence intensity after x/c = 0 is observed in the vortex core which decays with downstream distance. Five-hole probe mean velocity measurements revealed jet like and wake like axial velocity profiles depending on wing angle of attack, with values of 1.33U∞ and 0.83U∞ being measured for 10° and 5°. Axial vorticity is also observed to increase gradually with downstream distance. A full Reynolds stress turbulence model with a second order upwind differencing scheme is used to compute the vortex in the near-field. Vortex structure and trajectory correlate well with experiment. It is thought that the dissipative nature of the second order convection scheme led to discrepancies between numerical and experimental results.


In Melilla, Spanish enclave in the Mediterranean, on the African continent, migrants tell numerous stories about death during border crossing. The discovery of men, women and children drowned, dehydrated, asphyxiated at the border has become a daily reality. Unlike maritime borders, few dead are counted and few bodies are found around Melilla. However, death is a specter that accompanies the experience of all the people I met in the enclave and its surroundings. This spectral omnipresence is a form of violence that appears both in stories about lived experiences, told by those who arrived in Spain, and in the rumors that circulate among those who have still been waiting their "chance" on the Moroccan side. The author examine here the form and the content of these narratives, collected during an ethnographic field study carried out between 2014 and 2016, by exploring what they say about contemporary migration.


FIELD: textile industry. SUBSTANCE: method for detection of defects in fabric manufactured by circular knitting machine or circular fabric machine includes control of web, at least, on the strip-like section located across the direction of rotation of knitted fabric by electrooptical method with the help of measuring contact scanning means, detection of defects by the result of analysis of output signals of contact control, revealing of defect type and formation of control action onto the machine to make it stop and produce signal. In so doing, output signals of contact scanning means are combined in groups. These signals of defect are multiply analyzed for identification of point and/or linear defect. Used as criteria of defect analysis are limit values of defect signal amplitude, limit values of duration of defect signal, combined appearance of signals or their periodic repetition in each revolution of machine. Depending on the result of analysis, control action is formed onto the machine to make it stop and produce signal. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 15 cl, 9 dwg


The capacity of today's network links, along with the heterogeneity of their traffic, is rapidly growing, more than the workstation's processing power. This makes the task of measuring traffic more problematic every day, especially when off-the-shelf hardware is used. A general solution adopted by the computer industry to achieve better performance is to partition the processing among different computing units, exploiting the implicit or explicit parallelism available on today workstations. Parallelism is in fact growing in two dimensions: physical and logical CPUs (e.g. HyperThreading). Unfortunately, most network measurement systems are engineered to process data in a set of sequential tasks; thus, completely ignoring any form of parallelism provided by the hardware. This paper introduces a new approach to build high performance and scalable network measurement tools. It discusses the problem of dispatching packets to different processing entities and describes a technology able to distribute the flow of incoming packets among different processors in an effective and configurable manner, that avoids any copy and optimizes resource usage.


Whatever process or system man invents in the realms of science and technology, he can be sure that Nature has thought of something similar billions of years ago. As electronics begins to have significant and far-reaching applications in many fields, the electronics engineer is starting to study Nature's processes in order to overcome the various problems he faces.


In order to satisfy customers, marketers increasingly provide customers with the means to personalise their products and services. Based on the social identity approach and international consumer data, this article explores the antecedents and consequences of consumer desires for internal personalisation (perceiving a distinctive identity) and external personalisation (communicating a distinctive identity) of products and services. In terms of antecedents, the results show that desire for (both internal and external) personalisation tends to be influenced negatively by age and positively by both individualism (vs. collectivism) and uncertainty avoidance. In terms of consequences, the results indicate that desire for personalisation moderates the formation of affective, but not cognitive, customer satisfaction. Moreover, desire for personalisation enhances the relative importance of perceived usage benefits, compared with physical performance, in customer evaluations of products and services. These results have important implications for the design and marketing of products and services.


To cope with the growing demand of mobile data in hot spot areas of wireless networks, the use of massive small cell deployments with universal frequency reuse is essential. Such an aggressive reuse of spectral resources increases the level of co-channel interference, and calls for advanced multi-cell interference coordination techniques to capitalize cell densification gains. One option to address this problem is to use multiple antennas at the Base Stations (BSs), and implement Transmit Beamforming (TBF) to coordinate the interference generated to neighboring cells. A small cell BS should be low-cost by definition, and should be designed to serve typically a small number of Mobile Stations (MSs). Accordingly, we consider that each BS uses the same TBF vector to communicate with its associated MSs in the whole frequency band, and that the optimal TBF vector is determined utilizing a cooperative decentralized scheme. The proposed scheme seeks the maximization of a global utility function of the whole Small Cell Network (SCN), and relies solely on the exchange of low-rate signaling information among neighboring cells. As expected, the gain of the proposed cooperative TBF scheme increases as the number of MSs per cell decreases. A similar behavior is observed when the number of cooperative BSs per cell cluster grows. Thus, the proposed scheme seems to be applicable to SCNs with notable performance gains.


A NEW method for measuring the sensationalism and the socialization of newspapers, by means of news interest spectrum analysis, has been developed in the Carola Woerishoffer Department press study at Bryn Mawr College, and has been summarized in a series of articles appearing recently in the New Republic.' Indexes for 40 American dailies have been published, ranging from 3Z.0 for the United States Daily and 30.0 for the Christian Science Monitor to -I4.8 and -I7.I for New York city's most sensational tabloids. But how reliable are these measurements? If other studies were made by similar methods, how closely would the results correspond? To what extent did subjective errors in classification invalidate the results? Are these indexes crude guesses or precise measurements? That the index described constitutes an even more accurate and reliable measuring device than the best tests of intelligence and of honesty now in use is the conclusion reached by statistical study of the reliabilities of the scores. The question of reliability was put in the following form: suppose that, instead of basing the indexes on ten issues of each paper, additional issues could have been analysed until an infinitely large amount of data on each journal had been collected, but without any alteration in the character of the papers or in the method of calculating the index: how different might have been the resulting scores from those actually derived from the ten issues? . As thus stated, the question is capable of strict mathematical investigation. The first step was to calculate two independent five-day scores for each paperone based on issues for July io, I5, I9, z and Z9, the other on issues for July iS, I7, Z3, Z7 and 3 I. These and the ten-day scores are given in Table I. The largest error which would have resulted in this series from assuming that the ten-day score of each paper would have come out exactly the same as the five-day score, would have been 3.8 points. But what would be the error involved in assuming that the ten-day score is the same as the absolute score to be obtained by indefinite extension of the study without changing the conditions? The correlation between the two sets of five-day scores in Table I is .937?.oI7. From this correlation between the "chance halves" it is possible, by means of the Brown-Spearman formula frequently used by educational statisticians, to calculate the reliability of the ten-day score-i.e. the correlation between two sets of independent ten-day scores obtained as these were obtained. If the "chance half" correlation is represented by r.5.5, and the reliability is represented by r12, the Brown-Spearman formula shows that


Eight groups of Oncorhynchus rnykiss were fed diets either lacking or supplemented with ascorbic acid (AA, 500 mg kg' diet) for 10 wk prior to vaccination against cryptobiosis. The concentrations of AA in livers and k~dneys of the fish correlated with those of the exogenous dietary AA. Fish were vaccinated intraperitoneally with 100000 attenuated Cryptobia salmositica per fish. They were challenged with 100000 virulent C. salmositica per fish 4 wk post-vaccination. Both vaccinated AAdeficient and AA-supplemented fish were protected while unvaccinated controls had high parasitaemias and cryptobiosis (e.g. anaemia, abdominal distension with ascites) after being challenged with the pathogen. AA-deficiency did not significantly affect titres of complement fixing antibodies (CFAb) in vaccinated and vaccinated/challenged fish. However, detectable CFAb was delayed 1 wk in vaccinated and vaccinated/challenged fish fed the AA-deficient diet. Also the parasitaemias in infected and vaccinated/challenged AA-deficient flsh were consistently lower than those in AA-supplemented fish. This indicates that AA may have directly and ind~rectly promoted more rapid multiplication of the virulent parasite.


Abstract The existence of a.e. monotonic solutions for functional quadratic Hammerstein integral equations with the perturbation term is discussed in Orlicz spaces. We utilize the strategy of measure of noncompactness related to the Darbo fixed point principle. As an application, we discuss the presence of solution of the initial value problem with nonlocal conditions.


In this article the main historiographical steps on royal monumental burial of the last twenty five years are retraced. To try to understand the main epistemological aspects of the research on this...


The necessity of rapid methods for the microorganisms determination is especially valuable in food industry quality control laboratories to reduce the required time to obtain the information of the contamination in foods. Turbidimetry is a method used for the detection and enumeration of the microorganisms based on the optical density measurements correlated with bacterial growth in real time. In this study, absorbance measurement and growth curves description has been obtained by a Bioscreen C (Labsystem, Findland) which can process 200 samples at the same time. The strains used were: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica at different concentrations and a good correlation between the spectrophotometric measurements and the plate viable counts for all the microorganisms were obtained.


In order to carry out pest biological control,actively create a national sanitary city.In Lanzhou city,the control of flies work is strengthened.The control of flies research and flies disinfestation activities are carried out.Comprehensive control measures based on environmental monitor is adopted,and effectively controls the density of flies.


uncritical reproduction of what may have been a mimeographed brief issued against the act while it was still being debated by Congress; it is a blanket denunciation; Taft-Hartley is presented as simply a part of the continuous conflict between labor and management. While Faulkner and Starr do not praise the act in any way, they do point out that certain of its provisions have not been or may not ever be enforced. Rather than doing little more than branding it as a "Slave Labor Law," they attempt to analyze individual provisions of the act and to set it into historical perspective. Miss Austin's industry and enthusiasm have won her one "scoop." Her treatment of the Molly Maguire episode is based on M. W. Schlegel's recent study of newly available documents; she indicates that there never was such an organization as the Molly Maguires in the Pennsylvania hard-coal country, despite the fact that it is well established in the nation's folklore. Faulkner and Starr did not revise this section of their account; in fact they present an apocryphal photograph of a clandestine meeting of the "Mollies." If there were any such people, and if they acted as they were reputed to have acted, no artist or photographer could ever have recorded such a meeting! Certainly the parts played by Gowan, Pinkerton, and McParland need to be studied; to reproduce a "picture" of a "meeting of Mollies" indicates that Faulkner and Starr accept the evidence produced by McParland in court that there was such a conspiratorial organization among the coal diggers. Miss Austin devotes a chapter to the episode under the heading "Labor Frame-up?" If neither of these two books succeeds in taking the place of Mary Beard's Short History it will be because Labor in America is too overburdened with the paraphernalia of classroom study to gain general popular acceptance, while The Labor Story overemphasizes conflict and naively plays up the roles of "left-wing" laborites and intellectuals at a time when organized labor is seeking to play a co-operative role in the life of the nation.


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We investigated the effect of annealing on the crystalline quality of Ge epilayers grown on low porosity porous silicon (pSi) buffer layer and on bulk Si by LEPECVD. High‐resolution XRD analysis indicates that during annealing, Ge grown on pSi undergoes a stronger reorganization compared to Ge grown on Si in terms of strain distribution and mosaic broadening. Strong morphological reorganization of the pSi buffer during annealing leads to a stronger reduction in Ge mosaicity as compared to annealed Ge on bulk Si. This improvement is attributed to bending of threading dislocations in a plane parallel to the growth interface, which is attributed to a strain field introduced by pSi within Ge during their simultaneous reorganization at high‐temperature. After cyclic annealing at 750 °C, plan view transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a threading dislocation density for Ge on pSi which is about one order of magnitude smaller than for annealed Ge on bulk Si. Ge on pSi virtual substrates thus represent a promising platform for the growth of III–V and GeSn semiconductors on Si with a low cost and high‐throughput technique.


The invention belongs to the field of a medical apparatus, and relates to an automatic stripping mechanism for a medical water knife. The automatic stripping mechanism comprises a screw nut mechanism and a clutch device. The automatic stripping mechanism is characterized in that a motor drives the nut to rotate through a synchronous belt; rotation of the nut is changed into linear movement of the screw through the screw nut mechanism; the front end of the screw drives a stripping push block and struts U-shaped elastic retainer rings of two clutch parts which are symmetrical at the left and right at the same time, so as to achieve separation of two groups of plunger pistons and clutch blocks; meanwhile, the stripping push rod contacts wedge blocks on upper and lower cassettes of the medical pump via a line; the tail end of the screw drives the stripping push rod to move in a straight line, so that the upper and lower cassettes of the medical pump are opened; and the medical pump and a cylinder body holder are separated, so as to finish automatic stripping of the medical pump.


may refl ect extra-linguistic, not linguistic, realities" (723), although experience has shown that the words "may refl ect" there could be replaced by "always refl ects." In all, this book marks a turning point in the examination of the topic. In terms of both ease of reference and inclusiveness of material it will not replace József Herman's Vulgar Latin (University Park, PA, 2000) as the book for late antique and early medieval historians to consult for enlightenment about spoken Latin, and the consequent vagaries of the written Latin found in the data, but it will need to be referred to in addition. As Danuta Shanzer says in her review, "Adams is one of the world's leading Latinists (and arguably its most interesting one!)," and we can all be grateful that he has been extending his fi eld of vision chronologically into Late Antiquity.


In this study, we investigated students' perception and learning outcomes related to the emerging trends in virtual and face-to-face collaborative learning environments. We used the constructivist model as a frame to explore students' perceive benefits of virtual and face-to-face environment to facilitate collaborative projects before they were able to maximize the quality of their learning outcomes. The findings from the analysis of two student feedback surveys indicated that students enjoyed being able to interact and create 3D objects in a virtual environment. However, they had to devote more time and extra practice to this collaborative approach in order to get the most out of the virtual environment. The findings in virtual and face-to-face approaches also revealed that students from diverse backgrounds, experiences and expectations reported that differences in English language proficiency between local and international students sometimes caused communication difficulties and misunderstandings. Hence, cross-cultural communication skills between team members to provide constructive feedback and more clarity in communication needs to be carefully considered in helping students to support one another and maximize student progress.


AIM:To construct single chain antibody fragment from mAb CM against type Ⅰ fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus.METHODS:Reverse transcription and polymerize chain reaction were used to clone the V region genes of mAb CM(V H,V L).The cloned V H and V L were constructed into a single chain antibody(ScFv).Nucleotide sequence of the constructed ScFv was sequenced and its amino acid was induced.RESULTS:The construction of the single chain antibody fragment was V H-Linker-V L.CONCLUSION:Single chain antibody fragment of mAb CM was successfully constructed. [


Moon4You is a project led by the Dutch Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, with partners from industry and universities in the Netherlands that aims to provide a combined Raman / LIBS instrument as scientific payload for lunar exploration missions. It is the first time that Raman spectroscopy and LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) are combined into one miniaturised instrument with minimum mass, volume and use of resources and can deliver data-products almost instantly. These characteristics make it the next-generation instrument for mineralogical and elemental (atomic) characterisation of lunar soil and rock samples, as well as for a host of other planetary exploration and terrestrial applications.


The authors report an amplified magneto-impedance (MI) in a laminated composite composed of a magnetostrictive terfenol-D plate and a Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 ribbon that exhibits an intrinsic MI. When a dc magnetic field is applied to a laminated composite, the magnetostriction from the terfenol-D plate induces a giant stress that is simultaneously transferred to the ribbon, generating a stress-induced impedance (SI). Combining the terfenol-D magnetostriction and the SI of the ribbon produces an enhanced MI. The maximum MI ratio for the composite is ∼74%, which is ∼27 times higher than that for a single ribbon.


In the setting of Hilbert spaces, inspired by Iemoto and Takahashi (2009), we study a Mann's method with viscosity to approximate strongly (common) fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and a nonspreading mapping. A crucial tool in our results is the nonspreading-average type mapping.


A hydraulic servo-control (1) of a servo-controlled gearbox comprising a hydraulic accumulator (3) containing control fluid under pressure, which is in turn provided with an outer housing (7); a piston (12) arranged inside the outer housing (7), provided so as to be axially sliding and mobile inside the outer housing (7) itself and adapted to define, inside the outer housing (7), a first variable-volume chamber (C1) for a gaseous material and a second variable-volume chamber (C2) for the control fluid under pressure; and limit stop means (21) arranged at an open end of the outer housing (7), which act as a striker element for the piston (12) and comprise a circlip (22) with a substantially annular shape and a perforated plate (24) which, in use, is interposed between the circlip (22) and the piston (12).


To promote Felix Party Mix cat treats, the Polish ad agency V&P Group designed an unique, yet bizarre vending machine that allows you to channel your inner feline. The inspiration for this brand's unusual promotional form, called the "Miaukomat", came by the way cats plead for a treat. So, what's the catch with this odd vending machine? If you are interested in…


Objective: To introduce a repair method for fingertip traverse defect with nail-bed partial defect. Methods: 16 cases fingertip traverse defect with nail-bed partial defect were treated with digital artery reverse island flap and lengthening nail-bed. The average area of the island flap was about 1.5 cm×1.0 cm. Results: Flaps of all cases survived. After 8 to 20 months of postoperative follow-up, with an average of 15 months, the appearance of fingertip was extremely good, while the texture of flap was soft. The finger had no tenderness and motor disturbance. Finger nail extended about 3.5 mm averagely after operation. Conclusions: Repairing of fingertip traverse defect with digital artery reverse island flap and lengthening nail-bed are easy to operate and can get satisfactory appearance. It is a good method for the reconstruction of fingertip .


This study examines how 57 aspiring school leaders understand what it means to lead for social justice in K-12 schools. Grounded theory was employed for this qualitative study. The data collection included 855 audio and video reflections (15-55 minutes), 513 written narratives, 57 equity audits, and field notes. Emerging themes for this report include: (1) understanding social justice–oriented and equity-oriented pedagogies and work; (2) immersing oneself in culturally diverse contexts; (3) increasing critical consciousness; and (4) deepening empathic responses. Findings suggest promoting social justice-oriented transformative learning throughout coursework is critical to school leaders developing empathic responses toward disenfranchised populations. Implications suggest deepening empathic responses is critical to school leaders promoting social justice–oriented and equity-oriented work in schools.


This paper acknowledges the benefits of ISO 9000 certification, principally because of the publicity it has given to quality issues. But we have moved on (at least in the UK) since the concepts of QA were introduced in the 1960s. The pros have received widespread publicity-the paper notes some `cons'. Today we need to place ISO 9000, and indeed QA, as part of a more rational approach to the drive for quality and excellence. Most manufacturing companies now have quality management as a routine part of general management activity, with certification as a marketing tool if they need it. The colossal interest in certification from the mid 80s to the mid 90s comes from the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) many of whom may have been pressured into somewhat artificial quality effort in order to satisfy competitive tendering requirements introduced into the public sector. Product liability laws, the EU and government promotion were further factors. Since that period it seems debatable whether the current interest from the service sector generally, with lawyers, dentists, estate agents clamouring for quality certification is really good for the country at large. Perhaps their quality drive should be focussed, not so much on systems, but on strategies more appropriate to their particular sector-customer satisfaction-continuous improvement-TQM-human factors etc. ISO 9000 activity may not be sufficiently beneficial, unless the focus is on the poor performers in industry. (3 pages)


Taking the finite element ANSYS as the platform,the paper discusses the modeling concept of ANSYS used in pile-soil interaction,the pile-soil constitutive model and pile-soil contact surface analysis,and finally analyzes the impact of elastic pile modulus and elastic soil modulus upon pile foundation subsidence,points out that elastic soil modulus has greater impact upon pile foundation subsidence than elastic pile modulus.


In this thesis, we used capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique to establish the respective calibration curves for the measurements of degree of deacetylation (DDA) and molecular weight (Mv) for chitosan samples. When measuring the electrophoretic mobility (μ) of chitosan samples with DDA values ranging from 26% to 95% in CE run buffers (tris-phosphate buffer, pH = 2.00) of various concentrations (25 mM~1.6M), we found that the μ-versus-DDA (NMR measured) calibration curves possess different linearity in the higher DDA region (55%~95%) and in the lower DDA region (26%~55%). Moreover, the linearity of the two regions gradually approach to each other with increasing buffer concentrations, and finally become one linear relation in the DDA range of 26%~95% when raising the CE buffer concentration up to 1.5 M. In addition, the UV absorption peak (at 200 nm) width at half maximum (W1/2, DDA) in the CE electropherogram enable us to obtain the DDA distribution in the chitosan samples. We found that chitosan with unchanged DDA but narrower DDA distribution can be generated by designed deacetylation and acetylation reactions. The high efficiency and microanalysis features of our CE based method also facilitate the kinetic studies of the deacetylation reactions for chitin and chitosan samples. We also used CE to measure the viscosity of the chitosan samples so as to calculate the intrinsic-viscosity defined molecular weight (Mv) by the Mark-Houwink equation, and to establish the Log(μ)-versus-Mv calibration curve by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of chitosan samples with varied Mv's in capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE, with separation medium of 0.3% PEO in 100 mM tris-phosphate buffer, pH = 2.00). By using the CGE technique we were able to study the Mv degradation reactions of chitosan by the chemical degradation method, which is mainly initiated by potassium persulfate (KPS), and by the enzymatic digestion approach, which is based on the biological enzymes such as pepsin, lipase, and trypsin. Besides CE, we also used MALDI-TOF mass to detect the chitooligosaccharide product of the chitosan degradation reaction. According to the MALDI-TOF mass spectrums and data, we can analyze and make a comparison among the monomer compositions of the chitooligosaccharide obtained from the abovementioned different fragmentation methods.


This paper covers an electric ice removal system as applied to a recent experimental airplane. The system is described in detail from the power generators to the ice removal blankets and includes such items as extent of ice protection coverage, construction and installation of ice removal blankets, system electric power requirements, and system control. The paper does not treat the subject of ice protection in any of its theoretical aspects. The complete ice protection system installation is believed to be the first of its kind in this country.


Industry has developed materials with ultra-low expansion coefficients of, in some cases, below 1*10-8 degrees C-1. This has produced a growing requirement for the measurement of thermal expansion and the assessment of the dimensional stability of such materials. A fully automatic absolute dilatometer system with a subnanometre resolution has been developed at the NPL to meet this need. The instrument and its performance are discussed, together with some results that have been obtained for steel, spectrosil and Zerodur.


A two-axis micro-lathe was developed in 1996 at the former Mechanical Engineering Laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan, for machining of small pieces as a part of the Microfactory concept. Each axis is driven by a set of built-in PZT actuators. The work presented here concerns the design and implementation of a reference model control algorithm to improve the motion accuracy of the micro-lathe. The motion control was originally assured by a PI action considering dead zone. The performances of the reference model control were experimentally tested and compared with those obtained with PI control for four common trajectories used in manufacturing machines.


called together his crowd of followers, who carried us off to the factory of their infidelity, shut [us] in, and claimed this whole power had been entrusted to them by the emperor. Therefore, to these saying many things and to those vaunting their own power in this way, I wanted to make evident that the things which they were capable of were nothing; [so] I, keeping silent all the while, handed over my body as if to tormentors, since the Lord said it could be handed over in persecutions.2


Aim/Purpose.
The study aimed to examine the remote and face-to-face experience of pedagogical training in kindergarten after the third COVID-19 closure in Israel.

Background.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 changed the training system, and preservice teachers were required to have their practical experience in the kindergartens both remotely and face-to-face. They had to adapt to the new requirements of teacher training programs and receive professional coaching and support from the pedagogical instructor remotely.

Methodology.
The sample comprised 26 early childhood preservice teachers, who received academic training that includes proficiency in digital technology. The data were collected through feedback that they wrote themselves during the training period and analyzed in the interpretive approach.

Contribution.
The contribution of the present study is that it examines the pedagogical coaching from the perspective of preservice teachers in a kindergarten during the COVID-19 epidemic, which forced a transition from face-to-face to remote pedagogical training, then back to face-to-face pedagogical instruction. To the best of my knowledge, no such study has been carried out to date, which makes it unique.

Findings.
The main findings indicate the dissatisfaction of most preservice kindergarten teachers with the remote pedagogical training (about 85%) at the physical, emotional, technological, and pedagogical levels, and the satisfaction of most preservice kindergarten teachers with face-to-face pedagogical training (about 92%) at the physical, emotional, and pedagogical levels. The main conclusion is that technology is a potential barrier in training, and that preservice kindergarten teachers need a pedagogical instructor present at a professional face-to-face meeting.

Recommendations for Practitioners.
The findings of the study show how important in-person learning and engagement is for everyone especially for Preservice teachers' and may be helpful for pedagogical coaching teams.

Recommendations for Researchers.
Preservice teachers' awareness of the pedagogical coaching experiences could persuade the coaching teams to avoid potential difficulties, increase emotional support, and refine the use of technology to make it a closer substitute for frontal communication.

Impact on Society.
Face-to-face training based on interpersonal relationship, allows to develop better during the training period.


The research about the contain of heavy metals lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in the soft body of the white shells Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, 1758 from local market Makassar has been conducted. This research was aimed to determine heavy metals Pb, Cr, Cu and Cd content in the white shells M. meretrix Linnaeus from local markets of Makassar. Heavy metal contain in white shells, sea water and sediment were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of the analysis shows that the content of Pb in M. meretrix L. from the central market and the Tanjung market are 8,322 and 5,627 ppm. Cr content in shell from Sentral market and Tanjung market was 0.102 and 0.052 ppm. Moreover, copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) content in white shells was not detected. The sea water from Metro Tanjung Bunga contains Cd 0.33 ppm and Cu was not detected. While the heavy metal content of Cd and Cu in sea water from Pangkep was not detected. The sediment from Metro Tanjung Bunga, contain Cd was 1.38 ppm and Cu was 1.84 ppm. While the heavy metal contain of Cd in sediment from Pangkep was not detected and Cu was 15.96 ppm. The content of metal Pb and Cr in M. meretrix L. exceeds the environmental quality standard.


Abstract We investigate joint temporal and contemporaneous aggregation of N independent copies of strictly stationary INteger-valued AutoRegressive processes of order 1 (INAR(1)) with random coefficient α ∈ (0, 1) and with idiosyncratic Poisson innovations. Assuming that α has a density function of the form ψ(x) (1 − x)β, x ∈ (0, 1), with β ∈ (−1, ∞) and limx↑1ψ(x)=ψ1∈(0,∞)$\lim\limits_{x\uparrow 1} \psi(x) = \psi_1 \in (0, \infty)$, different limits of appropriately centered and scaled aggregated partial sums are shown to exist for β ∈ (−1, 0] in the so-called simultaneous case, i.e., when both N and the time scale n increase to infinity at a given rate. The case β ∈ (0, ∞) remains open. We also give a new explicit formula for the joint characteristic functions of finite dimensional distributions of the appropriately centered aggregated process in question.


In this article, a new scheme inspired from collocation method is presented for numerical solution of stiff initial-value problems and Fredholm integral equations of the first kind based on the derivatives of residual function. Then, the error analysis of this method is investigated by presenting an error bound. Numerical comparisons indicate that the presented method yields accurate approximations in many cases in which the collocation method is failed.


This paper proposes a method to measure a specific aspect of a system's robustness - the handling of maintenance events. Past research in the area of robustness benchmarking has focused exclusively on injecting a realistic faultload into a system and examining the system's robustness against the set of injected faults. However, faults are not the only events that can cause a system outage. Maintenance events, such as the replacement of a failed hardware component or the installation of a software patch, may also result in a system outage. In this paper, we describe a benchmark for measuring a system's robustness against a class of hardware maintenance events.


ABSTRACT
Introduction. Dementia is a chronic progressive syndrome in which there is a decrease in the function of cognitive abilities including memory impairment, thinking ability, orientation, understanding, calculation, language, and assessment but without impaired consciousness. Apart from cognitive impairment, dementia is often accompanied by psychological symptoms and behavioural symptoms so that antipsychotic therapy is needed to overcome this. This study aims to identify the description of the use of antipsychotics in patients with dementia at Dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in the period 1 January 2014-31 December 2018.
Methods. This research was a descriptive study using secondary data in the form of medical records of dementia patients receiving antipsychotic therapy at Dr Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. Samples were taken using a total sampling method.
Results. There were 29 dementia patients (38.67%) receiving antipsychotic therapy. Most of the dementia patients who received antipsychotic therapy were in the late elderly age (27.59%) and were female (55.17%). The most commonly administered antipsychotic drug is haloperidol from the dopamine receptor antagonist (60%) with the most frequent dose of 0.5 mg (34.48%). Risperidone from the serotonin-dopamine antagonist class is the second most frequently prescribed antipsychotic drug (34.28%) at a dose of 1 mg (17.28%). The mean of haloperidol was 425 days, and risperidone was 295.5 days.
Conclusion. Although in theory, psychological and behavioural symptoms are often found in dementia cases, not all dementia patients in RSUP Dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang received antipsychotic therapy. People living with dementia who receive antipsychotic treatment get various types of drugs, dosages, and frequencies.


In this work we construct linear orders between pairs of intervals by using aggregation functions. We apply these orders in a decision-making problem where the experts provide their opinions by means of interval-valued fuzzy sets.


The Neural Development Simulator, NeuroDevSim, is a Python module that simulates the most important aspects of development: growth, migration and pruning. It uses an agent-based modeling approach inherited from the NeuroMaC software. Each cycle, agents called fronts execute code. In the case of a growing dendritic or axonal front this will be a choice between extension, branching or growth termination. Somatic fronts can migrate to new positions and any front can be retracted to prune parts of neurons. NeuroDevSim is a multi-core program that uses an innovative shared memory approach to achieve parallel processing without messaging. We demonstrate close to linear strong scaling for medium size models for up to 32 cores and have run large models successfully on 128 cores. Most of the shared memory parallelism is achieved without memory locking. Instead cores have write privileges to private sections of arrays only, while being able to read the entire shared array. Memory conflicts are avoided by a coding rule that allows only active fronts to use methods that need writing access. The exception is collision detection, which is needed to avoid growth of physically overlapping structures. Here a locking mechanism was necessary to control access to grid points that register the location of nearby fronts. A custom approach using a serialized lock broker was able to manage both read and write locking. NeuroDevSim allows easy modeling of neural development for models ranging from a few complex to thousands of simple neurons or a mixture of both.


Invertible piecewise isometric maps (PWIs) of the plane, in spite of their apparent simplicity, can show a remarkable number of dynamical features analogous to those found in nonlinear smooth area preserving maps. There is a natural partition of the phase space into an exceptional set, $\overline{\cE}$, consisting of the closure of the set of points whose orbits accumulate on discontinuities of the map, and its complement. In this paper we examine a family of noninvertible PWIs on the plane that consist of rotations on each of four atoms, each of which is a quadrant. We show that this family gives examples of global attractors with a variety of geometric structures. On some of these attractors, there appear to be nonsmooth invariant curves within $\overline{\cE}$ that form barriers to ergodicity of any invariant measure supported on $\overline{\cE}$. These invariant curves are observed to appear on perturbations of an "integrable" case where the exceptional set is a union of annuli and it decomposes into ...


Introduction: Cr-Ca symplectites in olivine are known as spinel-pyroxene vermicular intergrowths usually observed as irregular shaped blebs along grain boundaries [1-3] or rarely as oriented needles [1, 2, 4] in olivine grains from terrestrial [3, 4 ] as well as lunar rocks [1, 2]. The origin of the Cr-Ca symplectites is debated yet [1-4] and suggested to be resulted from either exsolution process during cooling of Al-and Cr-rich olivine [4], or combination of processes including either diffusion, discontinuous precipitation, and metamorphism [3], or a breakdown of garnet [2], or crystallization of a trapped late-stage melt [1, 2], or diffusion of Ca, Al and Cr out of olivine [2] and a reaction between olivine and plagioclase [1, 2]. The Cr-Ca symplectites in terrestrial and lunar olivines are very similar in their morphology, texture and phase composition in spite of Cr content in lunar and terrestrial olivines as well as the f(O2) conditions on the Moon and on the Earth are different [5]. Here we describe lamellae of Cr-Ca symplectites in an olivine grain from a Luna-24 regolith sample firstly reported as Cr-Ca lamellar inclusions by [6]. The olivine grain was investigated by EMPA and ASEM. Results: Cr,Ca-rich lamellae of 1-3 mkm in width cross the olivine grain parallel to the (100) crystallographic plane (Fig. 1). BSE image show that lamellae have a vermicular texture that is typical for symplectites (Fig. 2). White and grey worm-like bands are in about 1:1 volume ratio and alternated approximately normal to the lamellae/olivine host interface. The adjacent host olivine matrix has a chemical composition of Mg 1..53 Fe 0.47 SiO 4. The lamellae are too thin to be analyzed precisely by traditional EMPA and ASEM methods. Just the same, our measurements demonstrate that (i) Ca/Cr atomic ratio is about 1.2 in the lamellae (Fig. 3); (ii) Mg/Fe atomic ratio is 3.25 in the olivine host and decreases in the lamellae being in relation to both the Mg substitution for Ca + Cr in lamellae and the Fe extraction due to Fe + 2Cr 2+ = vFe + 2Cr 3+ oxidation reaction; (iii) O/Si atomic ratio is <4 in the lamellae; (iv) A(tot)/Si ratio is less than 2 in the lamellae (where A(tot) is a total number of octahedral cations, A(tot) = Mg + Fe + Ca + Cr + Al). Thus, the chemical composition of the lamellae can be considered as Ca,Cr-olivine with a some …