Astronomical datasets are not only large in size and dimension but also complex in nature. To facilitate the analysis of astronomical data there exist several tools in the astronomical community. Although they provide a large range of visualization facilities, none of them provide any guidance for exploring high-dimensional datasets that have a large search space. The large size of the search space prohibits manual exploration and needs automation to some degree. Full automation is not desirable when the task is to find new or unknown phenomena. The use of visual analytics, where automation is coupled with user validation through interaction, can be useful. In this chapter, we take the first steps in designing a visual analytics tool for analyzing astronomical datasets on wall displays that integrates methods proposed in Chapter 3 with multi-touch interactions that provide 7DOF for spatial navigation. We derive several requirements for supporting visual analytics which in part are derived from extensive discussions with astronomers. We implement a prototype that fulfills the derived requirements and outline a plan for further refinement through user evaluation.


In order to achieve prescribed experimental conditions in wind tunnels, the nitrogen-oxygen mixture is enriched by injection of liquid oxygen (LOX) upstream of methane burners. The objective of the study is to determine the LOX drop evaporation rate, which is dominated by heat transfer from the air stream (mass transfer mechanism can be later coupled with the solution from the present work). Since the concentration of drops in the surrounding gas is quite high, the concept of infinite medium cannot be utilized. Drop evaporation, as part of system's mass balance, is an important source-term in the finite-difference 2/3-dimensional network terms of laboratory-system (Eulerian) coordinates, while individual drop behavior, including its thermal history, is analyzed in Lagrangian coordinates.


In this master thesis, a voice encryption system was programmed as a real-time
software application. The idea was based on a previous graduation thesis and is
meant to show an example of the possibilities of signal processing for educational
use. The application uses a frequency scrambling technique on an audio signal taken
from the computer microphone input and plays it scrambled back to the speakers, or
other way around to descramble the signal. The basic idea is to use a frequency
channel decomposition through digital signal filtering and down-sampling.
Reassembling these sub-bands in a different order, a scrambled voice signal is the
result. In addition, the scrambling process is embedded into a "software framework"
which allows the use of an audio data stream from and to a sound card through
different APIs so a computer platform real-time application can be accomplished.


hyperintensities that were found minimal in this instance. FXTAS is expected to be less severe in females because of the presence of two X chromosomes, subject to random inactivation. It has been suggested that expression of the disease in women may be due to preferential inactivation of the X chromosome carrying the normal FMR1 allele and we have shown this to be the case for our patient in leukocyte DNA. However, this result does not necessarily represent the situation in other tissues, including the CNS. FXTAS can no longer be considered as a condition affecting only males but as an X-linked dominant condition with a milder clinical picture in females. Because the prevalence of the premutation is quite high ( 1 in 260 in females and 1 in 810 males), FXTAS may turn out to be much more frequent than currently appreciated, even in females. Until more is known about the incidence of FXTAS in female carriers, this disorder should be added to the differential diagnosis of a late-onset postural tremor, focal dystonia, or progressive cerebellar ataxia in females.


We present here the first evidence linking CD44 signaling to c-Jun expression and cell cycle progression in myeloid cell line models. CD44 ligation with the anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies have been shown to induce differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and c-Jun is involved in the regulation of these processes. The effects of anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody A3D8, on myeloid cells were associated with specific disruption of cell cycle events and induction of G0/G1 arrest. Induction of G0/G1 arrest was accompanied by an increase in the expression of p21, attenuation of pRb phosphorylation and associated with decreased CDK2 and CDK4 kinase activities. We observed that A3D8 treatment of AML patient blasts and HL60/U937 cells led to the downregulation of c-Jun expression at mRNA and protein level. Transient transfection studies showed the inhibition of c-jun promoter activity by A3D8, involving both AP-1 sites. Furthermore, A3D8 treatment caused a decrease in JNK protein expression and a decrease in the level of phosphorylated c-Jun. Ectopic overexpression of c-Jun in HL60 cells was able to induce proliferation and prevent the anti-proliferative effects of A3D8. Targeting of G1 regulatory proteins and the resulting induction of G1 arrest by A3D8 may provide new insights into anti-proliferative and differentiation therapy of AML.


The object of this research is the role of leadership in the Fintech business during change which is prompted by digital transformation. The financial sector is going through fundamental changes because of the emergence of new digital technologies. The digital transformation in the financial sector is largely being driven by Fintech. As leadership plays a fundamental role in managing change, it is essential to understand their role and whether the traditional leadership styles are still relevant in the digital era. Interviews were used to collect data from ten participants who are managers responsible for change in a Fintech firm under study. The study adopted purposive sampling to identify managers with relevant experience in change management and digital transformation. The findings of the study indicate that managers are still using the old or traditional management approach and leadership style to manage change in the digital era. In addition, the firm's leadership understands the importance of including organizational members in the planning and implementation of change. In addition, buy-in was found to be essential as leaders acknowledged its significance. It was also indicated that some of the roles in the traditional leadership style are still relevant in the digital era as they are blended with the digital leadership style. The leadership of the Fintech understudy are recommended to embrace the new digital leadership style which requires them to understand the demands of the digital era to survive and be successful in the contemporary business environment. Moreover, the firm is recommended to examine digital leadership, which is a new concept of leadership in the digital era. Current literature suggests that this new leadership concept is effective when an organization is implementing digital transformation. Digital leaders are expected to have networking intelligence as an essential element that enables them to build networks.


Objective
To investigate the present status of clinical nurses′ intention to stay in Hangzhou third-level hospital and provide the reference for government to draw up relevant policies.

Methods
A total of 458 clinical nurses had been chosen by stratified sampling method from 5 third-level hospitals, and were surveyed by intention to stay questionnaire.

Results
The score of intention to stay for clinical nurses was (3.37±0.8), and 60.5% of nurses presented that if they had any other appropriate job opportunities, they would like to break away from nurses job. The stay intention among nurses with different work experience had statistical significance (F=5.147; P<0.05). The total score of nurse job satisfaction was (3.11±0.91), in which the unpleasant part of nursing job included workload, the recognition of work by society, salary and benefits.

Conclusions
The main issues in the clinical were over workload, disapprobation of nursing work, salary and benefits. The policy maker should pay attention on the stability of nursing team, carry out relevant regulations to minimize workload, enhance nurses′ salary and benefits and so many other problems, and inspired nurses′ job enthusiasm.

Key words:
Data collection; Clinical nursing staff; Intention to stay; Third-level hospital


A system of ordinary differential equations with impulse action at fixed moments of time is considered. The system is assumed to have the zero solution. It is shown that the existence of a corresponding Lyapunov function is a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniform asymptotic stability of the zero solution. Restrictions on perturbations of the right-hand sides of differential equations and impulse actions are obtained under which the uniform asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the "unperturbed" system implies the uniform asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the "perturbed" system.


The conventional tracking loops in GPS receivers usually lose locked high dynamic signals.Thus,to achieve better FLL performance in dynamic situations and higher PLL measurement accuracy,we implemented a second order FLL in an assisted third order PLL(FPLL)based carrier tracking loop.These methods were employed to analyze the measurement accuracy FPLL of code and carrier phases,and implemented on our software receiver platform with Matlab.FPLL was tested using the data collected through Spirent GSS7700 simulator.The results show that the average measurement accuracy for code the phase and carrier phase was 1.31m(1σ)and 4.24×10-3 m/s(1σ),respectively,as the signals are around 40dB/Hz of SNR(signal to noise ratio),with 26 g of acceleration and9g/s of jerk.


The biographical publications on outstanding personalities for the children's readership are researched. It is revealed that authors are increasingly moving away from traditional encyclopedic forms of biography presentation under established schemes, bending to a fiction presentation. The principles of the facts selection were characterized and the variety of popularization methods of outstanding personalities in the Ukrainian-language biblical biographies for children was revealed. The educational potential of such publications is disclosed. Author should dive into the chronicles, memoirs, diaries, letters, memories of the contemporaries of the person concerned, as well as reference and fiction, in order to draw a general plot of the narrative, and then fill this plot with the most interesting facts and bright details, while weighing each time their importance and ability to impress the reader. In this case, the author has to take into account that the person is formed under the influence of the era adopted in the society at that time, moral and ethical norms and behavior patterns. The genre of the biographical biography allows to personalize history, develop motivation, awaken the need for knowledge of the world that constantly accompanies the maturity and socialization of the young reader. Among the canons of constructing a fictional biography one can distinguish the truthfulness of the image of the protagonist, the usage of linguistic means of the language, deep immersion in the psychology of self-esteem, the selection of interesting and shocking facts, the harmonious combination of truth and fiction. A well-written fictional biography can create the effect of presence, the illusion of the reader's participation in achievements, journeys and experiments of the protagonist.


Objective To explore the relationship of blood pressure with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism among lead workers.Methods 216 occupationally lead exposed workers were selected.Blood lead level was measured.Urinary lead and aminolevulinic acid(ALA)level were measured and adjusted by urinary creatine.PCR RFLP method was used for genotyping.Results The frequencies of workers with bb,Bb,BB genotypes were 90 7%,7 4% and 1 8% respectively.Blood lead level among workers with VDR B allele was higher than that among VDR bb genotype, 1 96 μmol/L and 1 54 μmol/L respectively,P0 05.Lead workers with VDR B allele had higher elevations in systolic blood pressure with increased blood lead level compared with those with VDR bb genotype.The linear regression coefficient was 53 195(P=0 003)for VDR Bb/BB group. Conclusions VDR B allele may relate to the elevation of blood lead and systolic blood pressure.


A transferable skill is a "portable skill" that you take with you to other life experiences and jobs. Over the years you have developed many skills from coursework, extracurricular activities and your total life experiences. A prospective employer expects you to be able to apply the skills you have learned in college to the work environment. Identifying your transferable skills and articulating them to potential employers will greatly increase your success during the job search.


During the last two decades vast wealth has been created in the western world, including Australia, the Global Financial Crisis notwithstanding. The spread of this affluence is, as we know, extremely uneven, with over 50% of the world's riches being held by just 2% of the world's population. The disparity is even more pronounced in the new capitalist hubs of India and China. Like their altruistic forebears here and overseas at the beginning of the 20th century, many of these newly-wealthy individuals have used their fortunes to establish foundations to serve the common good. In a small way, through their support of endeavours for the public good, these can help to reduce the great disparity in the distribution of wealth. To do this effectively, Australian trusts, foundations and PAFs must be accountable to the public which foregoes taxation dues from them. The first step in this is acknowledging that philanthropic money is not solely private money.


Aiming at the shortcomings of low precision, hysteresis, and poor robustness of the general interactive multimodel algorithm in the "snake-like" maneuver tracking of anti-ship missiles, an interactive multimodel adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm based on fuzzy logic (FLIMM5ACKF) is proposed. The algorithm mainly includes adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm (A5CKF) and fuzzy logic algorithm (FL). A5CKF uses the Sage–Husa noise estimation principle to propose a state error covariance adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm to improve the performance of state estimation. Then, the fuzzy logic algorithm (FL) is added to the model probability update module to control the model probability update module. Finally, by setting the same tracking model simulation analysis, the algorithm has better convergence speed, tracking effect and robustness than the interactive multimodel cubature Kalman algorithm (IMMCKF), the interactive multimodel five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm (IMM5CKF) and the interactive multimodel adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman (IMMA5CKF).


There were considered the new designs of hydraulic filters and devices with improved characteristics for purification and decontamination of industrial sewage from heavy metals, offered in science and research and patent literature of developed countries. There were showed the main trends for development of designs of hydraulic filters and devices for treatment and decontamination of wastewaters.


In [4], we introduced the q-tangent numbers Tn,q and polynomials Tn,q(x). In this paper, we observe the distribution of complex roots of the q-tangent polynomials Tn,q(x), using numerical investigation. Finally, we give a table for the solutions of the q-tangent polynomials Tn,q(x).


Methanol is homologated to ethanol with high selectivity (80 mol%) at low pressure and temperature (1000 lb in–2; 140 °C) with a novel rhodium–ruthenium–diphosphine–methyl iodide catalyst.


Objective To analyze the results of malaria surveillance of mobile population in Guangxi in 1980~1997 and provide scientific basis for making control measures. Methods The molile population working in the construction sites,farms, mines etc.floating in and out of the region were surveyed by blood examination and positives for malaria parasites were radically treated. Results From the period of 1980~1997 a total of 881 187 mobile populations were examined with a positive rate of 2.82%. The positive rate in feverish patients was 4.35% accounting for 86.5% of the total positive cases. While the number of positives detected from returned people accounted for 80.51% of the total cases. Conclusion Stress should be put on the surveillance of returned mobile population working in high malaria endemic areas.


Biodiesel production with supercritical methanol has its special advantages and has been a research focus since it was first put forward.The latest research on kinetics of biodiesel production with supercritical methanol,including reaction mechanism model,rate constant and activation energy,were discussed and reviewed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.The kinetics of biodiesel production with two-step supercritical fluid process were also introduced,and the advantages,disadvantages and developing tendency of this technology for biodiesel production were also proposed.


This study aimed to investigate the environmental risks of Total Mercury (THg) accumulation due to the traditional gold mine in Luwuk and vicinity areas in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. THg was assessed around ore amalgamation process area and panning activity in the Topo River. Sampling survey for water column, sediment (0-5 cm) – (6-10cm) depth and bivalve (Anadara trapezia Sp.) in river as well as water column, tuna (Thunnus sp.), red fish (L. Campechanus) and oyster (Crassostrea virginica Sp.) in the sea were collected. Furthermore, the environmental risks show, THg in water column in river ranged from (0.13 to 0.48 μgL -1 ), sediment 0-5cm depth (107.78 to 167.06 μg kg -1 dw), sediment 510cm depth (95.44 to 128.85 μg kg -1 dw) bivalve Anadara trapezia Sp. (17.33 to 89.02 μg kg -1 dw), respectively. Then in sea, water THg concentration ranged from (0.41 to 0.88 μg L -1 ), Thunnus, SP. (43.49 to 62.37 μg kg -1 dw) and L. Campechanus (6.84 to 23.37μg kg -1 dw), and Crssostrea Virginica Sp ranged from (15.50 to 32.34) respectively. The highest elevation of THg was in St.4 where panning processes were occurred as well as the amalgam open burn delivered. Although all THgs concentration in aquatic system were still meet the standard value, some stations are very closed to allowable limit such as THg in Sediment at Aq4 and Aq.5, where the standard limit is 174 μg kg -1 dw, according to the environmental Canadian standard. Accumulation of THg in fishes both for Thunnus Sp. and (L. Campechanus) Sp. were safe according to permitted standard from EPA (500μg kg -1 dw. Keywords; Environmental risk, total mercury accumulation, aquatic system, river, sea, artisanal gold mining.


Since real-time systems have special characteristics the development of such systems requires the observation of quantitative system aspects. Quantitative predictions are needed already during the modeling phase of the system development process. Recently the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its Profile for Schedulability, Performance, and Time (SPT) gained increasing acceptance as a specification language for modeling real-time systems. These Real-Time UML models themself are not directly analyzable. This paper presents steps towards the derivation of analyzable Stochastic Petri Nets (SPN) from RealTime UML state machines. The transformation of UML elements like for example pseudostates into corresponding SPN representations is covered in addition to prior work.


Wireless Sensor Networks have extensively been utilized for ambient data collection from simple linear structures to dense tiered deployments. Issues related to optimal resource allocation still persist for simplistic deployments including linear and hierarchical networks. In this work, we investigate the case of dimensioning parameters for linear and tiered wireless sensor network deployments with notion of providing extended lifetime and reliable data delivery over extensive infrastructures. We provide a single consolidated reference for selection of intrinsic sensor network parameters like number of required nodes for deployment over specified area, network operational lifetime, data aggregation requirements, energy dissipation concerns and communication channel related signal reliability. The dimensioning parameters have been analyzed in a pipeline monitoring scenario using ZigBee communication platform and subsequently referred with analytical models to ensure the dimensioning process is reflected in real world deployment with minimum resource consumption and best network connectivity. Concerns over data aggregation and routing delay minimization have been discussed with possible solutions. Finally, we propose a node placement strategy based on a dynamic programming model for achieving reliable received signals and consistent application in structural health monitoring with multi hop and long distance connectivity.


Aping Language is a critique of the experiments of recent years that have tried to impart language to apes. In this book (Wallman i992) I compare the achievements of these animals with the natural development of language, both spoken and signed forms, in children. I also survey the communication systems of apes and monkeys in nature with an eye toward rudiments of language. I conclude that the experimental apes did not attain even the linguistic competence of young children and that the naturalistic communication systems of other primates differ from language in profound ways. Lieberman, reviewing the book (CA 34:327-28), asserts that the achievements of the ape-language subjects reveal phylogenetic attributes common to humans and the other hominoids (not, as he writes, hominids). He also believes that the origin of syntax lies in preexisting neurological adaptations for complex motor functions such as walking and chewing. I do not. I think that readers should be aware of these fundamental differences between Lieberman and me in order to interpret properly his perfervid, slipshod condemnation of this book. Lieberman complains that "it is difficult to catalog Wallman's errors of omission and commission," a very lethal-sounding indictment indeed. He musters his faculties, nonetheless, and tries, demonstrating that for him, at least, it is not only difficult o catalog the errors but also difficult o find them. I address his claims in his sequence. He asserts that I "gloss over the deficiencies of Terrace's Nim Chimpsky project," for example, that Nim's trainers "attempted to use Skinnerian techniques instead of the cross-fostering technique employed by the Gardners." Pedagogical flaws in the Nim project were invoked by the other ape-language experimenters to counter Terrace's claim that Nim's linguistic incompetence (and that of the other language-trained apes) reflected species-specific limitations. Rather than gloss it over, I address this issue quite explicitly (pp. 88-89).


...................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Seasonal Trap Catches of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Northern California: asynchrony with host (olive tree) phenology? .......................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................. 6 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 13 References .................................................................................................................................. 14 Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2: Diurnal activity of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), implications for mating. .............................................................................. 24....................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................. 6 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 11 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 13 References .................................................................................................................................. 14 Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2: Diurnal activity of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), implications for mating. .............................................................................. 24 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 26 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................... 27 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 30 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 33 References .................................................................................................................................. 33 Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 3: Courtship and mating behaviors of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae). ...................................................................................................... 41..................................................................................................................................... 25 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 26 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................... 27 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 30 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 33 References .................................................................................................................................. 33 Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Figures ....................................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 3: Courtship and mating behaviors of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae). ...................................................................................................... 41 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 42..................................................................................................................................... 42


JFE Steel has developed Ni-added high corrosion resistant weathering steels which expand the range of application of weathering steels while reducing the life cycle cost (LCC) of bridges, and a corrosion estimation technology and rust stabilization treatments as application technologies for these weathering steels. An outline of these products and technologies is presented in this paper. In the field of weathering steels, JFE Steel has developed two advanced Ni-added weathering steels which enable LCC reduction in high airborne salt environments. JFE-ACL Type 1 is a 1.5%Ni-0.3%Mo steel which considers economy while maintaining resistance to salt corrosion. JFE-ACL Type 2 is an ultra-low C-2.5%Ni steel with higher resistance to airborne salt. To support the optimum application of weathering steels in bridges, the company also developed a new software, based on voluminous exposure data, which makes it possible to estimate the thickness loss of weathering steel due to atmospheric corrosion over the lifetime of the bridge. Using this software, it is possible to propose the most suitable weathering steel for the actual bridge location. Two new surface treatment technologies which promote protective rust formation while maintaining the good appearance of bridges were also developed and commercialized. CUPTEN COAT M is a 1-coat product with excellent coatability, while e-RUS meets the need for reliable early formation of protective rust. These rust stabilizing treatments proposed by JFE Steel are environment-friendly, containing no environmental load substances such as Cr and Pb. As a additional advantage, these rust stabilizing treatments can also be applied as a primary primer using a pre-coat treatment system at the plate mill, thereby reducing coating costs.


Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women. Conventional screening methods, such as mammography, and ultrasound diagnosis are expensive and have significant limitations. Digital Image Elasto Tomography (DIET) is a new noninvasive breast cancer screening system that has a potential to be a low cost and reliable breast cancer screening tool. It is based on modal analysis of the breast mass, and stereographic 3D image analysis to detect the stiffer abnormal tissues. However, camera sensor noise, especially Gaussian noise is a major source of Optical Flow (OF) error in this approach to tumor detection. This work studies the performance of different conventional filters, including the standard Gaussian filter tool to remove this noise and produce more robust screening results. A radical approach, Multiple Frame Noise Removal (MFNR) is proposed, for use in this type of medical image processing instead of a Gaussian filter or other typical image noise removal tools. Its a multiple frame noise removal method where Probability Density Function (PDF) of noise is extracted from the multiple images by characterizing the same pixel positions in multiple images. The noise becomes deterministic, and hence easily removed. The proposed algorithm was applied to a data set from 10 phantom breast tests with a prototype DIET system, and 10 in-vivo samples from healthy women. Comparisons were made to an optimal Gaussian filter form that is commonly used. Reductions in OF error using these digitally imaged data sets was used to compare performance. Refinement of the images for medical applications requires higher PSNR, which was successfully achieved by using MFNR algorithm. In this study, the algorithm was used to improve the imaging results of a DIET system. The conventional wisdom that states that noise removal and detail preservation are contrasting effects is


Equations for the two-frequency two-position mutual coherence functions are derived under the usual parabolic and Markov approximations. These equations are then solved numerically. It is shown that the mutual coherence functions occur naturally in the study of pulse distortion through a random communication channel and in the investigation of signal correlations. Contour plots of correlation functions show the possibility of having equal values at two frequency separations for a given spatial separation. This behavior is explainable in terms of overlapping Fresnel zones.


This article puts forward a method of using T-shaped structure inductively coupled filter.Theoretical analysis shows that the response won't alter when using this central loaded capacity susceptance transmission line of the T-shaped structure to replace the traditional transmission lines.What's more,it can reduce the filter's size effectively and obtain the miniaturization of the circuit.Based on this theory,this article shows a three poles chebyshev type inductively coupled band-pass filter,and the simulation results indicate that the T-shaped structure can reduce the filter's length obviously and make the circuit more compact.


A survey of terrestrial macrofungi along a deglaciation gradient from the glacier forefront to the established vegetation has been performed. The study was accomplished along a transect from Lake Finsevann to Glacier Blaisen, South Norway. Fortysix 6 m × 6 m plots divided into 9 subplots were positioned along this transect. The frequency of fruit bodies of each species in each plot was given on a 0–9 scale reflecting their occurrence in the subplots. Biotic and abiotic environmental variables for the plots were also recorded. The numerical methods used include principal component analysis (PCA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Totally 99 species of macrofungi were recorded; 80.8 % of the species belonged to the Basidiomycota and 19.2 % to the Ascomycota. About one third of the species was only found once. In general, the species richness was highest on the glacier forefront, lowest in the most established vegetation. The proportion of species of Ascomycota was highest close to the glacier front. The main gradient in the data set was shown related to the primary ecological succession following the retreat of glaciers. The second gradient was possibly related to fine scale variation due to local moisture, microtopography, and secondary distribution. Of the variation in composition of species, 3 % can be ascribed to abiotic variance, 10 % to vascular plant variance, and 16 % to the combination of the abiotic and vascular plant component of variation. The results are discussed in the light of the time since deglaciation and the influence of certain biotic and abiotic environmental factors.


This paper addresses the design and validation of an accurate estimation architecture for autonomous angles-only navigation in orbits of arbitrary eccentricity. The proposed filtering strategy over...


This paper reports an investigation of the search behaviour patterns of nanoscience and nanotechnology searchers as revealed by transaction log analysis of the NANOnetBASE electronic book digital library. In particular, it examines the search and query reformulation patterns and strategies of nano searchers. The results show certain query formulation and reformulation patterns associated with searching in an emerging and interdisciplinary area of nanotechnology such as: the use of multiword and compound query terms, extensive use of search terms beginning with the prefix 'nano', hyphenated terms, spelling variations, a large number of query reformulations, and the use of acronyms.


A baby with congenital fusion of the gums is described. The findings of three previously reported cases are compared. Hypoplasia of the mandible and face and a poorly developed temporomandibular joint on the affected side were similar in all four cases.


This paper proposes a three-phase, single-switch, quasi-resonant, buck converter that can operate with input power factor correction. The converter can operate with a narrower switching frequency range and can therefore perform power factor correction over a wider range of line and load conditions than other converters of the same type. In the paper, the operation of the converter is discussed, a mathematical analysis of its steady-state characteristics is performed, and a design procedure is presented. The feasibility of the converter is confirmed with experimental results obtained from a prototype.


This thesis examines the mechanics of cancer across three different length-scales. In the first study, a cellular level computational model of confined migration is developed to quantify intracellular stresses and predict its biological consequences. In the second study, a sub-cellular level model of the cancer glycocalyx to probe its role in confined migration is created. In the third study, a predictive model of tumor nodule embedded in healthy tissue is created. This could be used to train laparoscopic surgeons. Collectively, this thesis contributes to our understanding of cancer mechanics during invasion and cancer detection based on altered cancer mechanics.


The purpose of this research are to examine the influence of leadership, organizational culture and training on employee performance at KCU PT. Bank Central Asia Banda Aceh both simultaneously and partially. The research method by describing clearly on the research objects. The research data gathered through questionnaire list and interview. The hypothesis test uses double linear regression analysis on trust level 95% (α = 0,05). The result of this research feasibility test model by using f-test (simultaneously) shows that leadership, organizational culture and training significantly influence on employee performance at KCU PT Bank Central Asia Banda Aceh. And using t-test (partial ), it shows that leadership and training significantly influence on employee performance at KCU PT. Bank Central Asia Banda Aceh, while organizational culture does not influence on employee performance at KCU PT. Bank Central Asia Banda Aceh.


Formation of pyrite (FeS 2) films through electrodeposition from aqueous solutions which contain different source materials has been investigated. Na 2S 2O 3·5H 2O is used as sulfur source material, FeSO 4·7H 2O, FeCl 2·4H 2O and FeCl 3·6H 2O are used as iron source materials respectively. The samples are annealed in N 2 atmosphere at 400 ℃ and 500 ℃ respectively. From XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns of the films, it is found that there are peaks of FeS 2, FeS and Fe 7S 8 in all films, but there are sharp and more peaks characterizing FeS 2 in the film from Na 2S 2O 3 +FeSO 4 than other films, and 400 ℃ is the more suitable temperature than 500 ℃ for annealing the samples in N 2 atmosphere. In addition, one solution can be used repeatedly.


This paper analyzes the impact of statistical delay constraints on the achievable rate of a two-hop wireless communication link in which the communication between a source and a destination is accomplished via a buffer-aided relay node. It is assumed that there is no direct link between the source and the destination, and the buffer-aided relay forwards the information to the destination by employing the decode-and-forward scheme. Given statistical delay constraints specified via maximum delay and delay violation probability, the tradeoff between the statistical delay constraints imposed on any two concatenated queues is identified. With this characterization, the maximum constant arrival rates that can be supported by this two-hop link are obtained by determining the effective capacity of such links as a function of the statistical delay constraints, signal-to-noise ratios at the source and relay, and the fading distributions of the links. It is shown that asymmetric statistical delay constraints at the buffers of the source and relay node can improve the achievable rate. Overall, the impact of the statistical delay tradeoff on the achievable throughput is provided.


High performance circuits demands domino logic design. A new technique for reducing the power consumption and increasing the speed without effecting noise margin is reviewed in this paper. In this technique threshold voltage of the keeper transistor is varied using body bias generator circuit. Three different body bias generator circuits are simulated, they are dynamic body bias generator, capacitive body bias generator and cross couple capacitive body bias generator circuit. Simulations are performed on tanner EDA tool at 180 nm and 65nm technology, for carry look ahead adder. The simulation results show that CBBG and CCCBBG have reduced power consumption and delay in comparison to other circuit techniques.


Background Vitamin D-deficiency is associated with many chronic diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), simultaneous vitamin D-, magnesium- and calcium deficiency is associated with increased risk of exacerbations, whereas associations with other aspects of COPD, i.e. lung function and quality of life (QoL), have been less extensively studied. Aim To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D, magnesium and calcium in COPD and the effects of these three parameters on lung function and QoL in COPD patients. Methods The lung function test and blood samples were measured. The patients were characterized as well as their overall and the COPD-related QoL. Results This cross-sectional study included 143 patients with COPD. Lung function was not correlated with serum vitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3), magnesium or calcium in COPD. Furthermore, the patients' history of exacerbations and the overall and the COPD-related QoL showed no correlation with serum vitamin D, magnesium or calcium. Discussion We found no correlation between the lung function or QoL and the serum vitamin D, magnesium or calcium in COPD. Our findings are supported by most of the relatively sparse studies on the topics.


A data communication emulating unit (18) in a user terminal (10) or a proxy device monitors communication between an application unit (16) in the user terminal and a proxy unit of the proxy device, which communication employs requests (REQ) and responses (RES) based on a data communication protocol. The data communication emulating unit then determines a communication pattern of the monitored communication, evaluates if the communication is efficient or not based on the communication pattern and changes communication strategy if the communication pattern is found to be inefficient. Change in strategy is performed through disrupting communication between the application unit and the proxy unit using the data communication protocol and instead ensuring that communication between the proxy unit and application unit is performed based on a signaling protocol via a signaling communication unit (20).


While developing countries focused their endeavors on development of livelihood and sustainable food security, developed countries diverted their attention towards development of feel good and wellness. It is found that lot of satisfactory progresses had been made in agriculture and horticulture and forestry land uses as per land capability classes. This scientific persuasion brought considerable improvement in situations and with development of knowledge many innovative developments and constraints also emerged. This study inspired by bio factors "feel good and wellness" brought contemporary transformations of forestry land use in to Forestry- Horticulture, least liable to damage by climatic aberrations. Control of the Governance of countries remains its fast adaptations. This researchers' theme, "Food is Medicine", recommended intake of suitable fruits and nuts as mini snack after around 3h of meal of any kind of food menus, to regulate acidity in human animal and fish bio systems. These fruits and nuts needs' will get easily accomplished by the innovative transformation, "Forestry Horticulture", which will support accomplish fulfillment of livelihood need and food securities in countries world over. With this transformation nutrient and water management in forestry sector will naturally get revamped for building still better vegetation cover, raising efficiency of fruits and nuts bearing through integrated fostering of wild as well as honey bee pollinators. The bio-factor feel good and wellness will get accomplished under both developing as well as developing countries enable bringing development of healthy stress free life of all gentry facilitating plausible stable governances.


Chadwick advances his itinerary for staying in Wisconsin, asks for transportation advice, and provides more lodging and meal advice for Bennett in his upcoming stay at Cambridge.


In this paper , various small -sized modules are combin ed with one an other in order to perform rotorcraft preliminary design and its optimization . At the stage of the preliminary design, analysis fidelity is less important than the rapid assessment of a desig n is . Most of the previous researchers attempt ed to implement sophisticated applications in order to increase the fidelity of analysis, but th e present paper focuse s on a rapid assessment while keeping the similar level of fidelity. Each small -sized module is controlled by an externally -operated global optimization module . Results from each module are automatically handled from one discipline to another which reduc es the amount of computational effort and time greatly when compar ed with manual execution . Au tomatic ally handled process decreases computational cycle and time by factor of approximately two. Previous research ers and the rotorcraft industries developed their own integrated analysis for rotorcraft design task , such as HESCOMP, VASCOMP, and RWS IZE . When a specific mission profile is given to these program s, the program estimat es the aircraft size, performance, rotor performance, component weight , and other aspects . Such results can be come good source s for the supplemental analysis in terms of stabili ty, handling qualities, and cost. If the results do not satisfy the stability criteria or other constraints , additional sizing process es may be used to re -evaluate rotorcraft size based on the result from stability analysis. Trade -off study can be conducte d by connecting disciplines, and it is an important advantage in a preliminary design study.


After the publication of Fairchild's early Immigrant Backgrounds in which he emphasised the importance of such immigrant characteristics as race culture and nationality it became an axiom of immigration studies that the immigrant's background affects his future as settler. Work following in the next decades confirmed Fairchild's observation and enlarged on it. By 1958 Petersen listed the "emigrantsmotives and the social causes of emigration" as an important background factor affecting aspirations and migrant outcomes. The growing recognition that the refugeesmotivation to seek a new place of settlement differs from that of the voluntary migrant was also accompanied by mounting evidence that the refugeesexperiences may vary one from the other the variance resulting in different refugee outcomes. However observations on individual refugee groups were neither compared nor operationally utilised in any comprehensive way. Such a comprehensive study cannot be undertaken without the existence of a workable theory of refugee movements based on a fruitful refugee typology and resting on suitable conceptual categories. This study intends to help lay these foundations. (excerpt)


Higher professional education is the professional education to train the applied type of the qualified personnel for the forefront of production,management and service.In order to accomplish this task,the ideal of Competency-Based Education must be established,and the practice teaching should thus be strengthened;Only in this way can we actually cultivate the vocational skills of the students in order to meet the needs of the economic development and market of the society.But now,the affection of traditional education is still strong,confliction in teaching and capability,intelligence education,theory teaching and practice.Based on botanical garden technology specialized group,practice teaching in botanical garden technology of higher vocational education must aim at student's vocational capability,emphasize on combi-nation of theory teaching and practice teaching,and training the students systematically.


The Asian Writers' Conference at Manila held from December 26-29, 1952 saw the participation of forty delegates from nine Asian countries and six foreign observers. The key issues and topics covered at the Conference are highlighted.


Background: Tooth wear is relatively common problem and the source of many complaints. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence, etiology and severity of tooth wear among adult population of Davangere city, Kamataka (India).
Methodology: The study was carried out on 284 adults of Davangere city by using Tooth Wear Index
(TWI). Type ill clinical examination was followed as recommended by American Dental Association.
Results: Out of 284 subjects examined, 51(17.9%) had abrasion, 50(17.6%) had attrition, 40(14.1%) had attrition and abrasion combined, 37(13%) had erosion. A total of 34,427 tooth surfaces were examined.
5109(14.90%) surfaces had tooth wear out of which 247(0.70%) were pathologically worn down.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that tooth wear is age related, which is observed in previous studies, as the age increases, the tooth wear goes on increasing and the wear pattern differs from patient to patient. Most of the etiological factors are multifactorial.


College student tourism as a part of tour market is to heighten the cultural contents in tourism service and foster the idea of educational tourism. Student tour exists in three forms in China: cognizing tour for lesson program, business tour given by enterprises and the job hunting tour.College student tour may be expanded in China by setting up student hotels and weave student tour line.


Strong, stable charter school boards are critical to charter school success. The education of over two million students is entrusted to charter school boards and education reformers have an obligation to assure that these boards are properly supported, trained and informed. The purpose of this article is to underscore the importance of strong, competent charter school boards and to highlight the need for board support and training. The article describes the concept of charter schools, the functions of charter boards, problems encountered by charter boards, and recommendations for improving effectiveness. Disciplines Education Comments This article was published in the Summer 2013 issue of The Charter Schools Resource Journal. This article is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_facpub/12


The correspondence between Leibniz and Samuel Clarke (1715-16) was probably the most famous and influential philosophical exchange of the eighteenth century. It focused on the clash between the Newtonian and Leibnizian world systems, involving disputes in physics, theology, and metaphysics. Vailati's book provides a comprehensive overview and commentary on this important body of letters. He not only identifies and evaluates the various arguments, but situates the views advanced by the correspondence in the context of their principal writings.


This paper aims to present a development environment that enables the automaticcode generation amenable for the interconnection of components obtained as a result ofthe partitionof aPetri n et model addressingits distributed execution using networked controllers (including microcontrollers and FPGAs devices , as well as specific controllers based on PLCs and general purpose PCs ). The proposedinterconnection solution isbased ona Network-on-Chip solution supporting communications based on RS -232 serial protocol (although it can operate at higher transmission rates) , forintra-circuitas well as inter -circuitsinterconnectivity .Being a well-accepted protocol in the industry, the proposed solution integratesexisting modules that use the RS232 interfacewithout having to redesign the wholecommunication system. Implementation platformsused for testing solution includeXilinx reconfigurable platforms,namely Spartan3and Virtex FPGAs, as well a s low cost microcontrollers, -232 serialport can be easily integrated. A ring topologywas selected to allow greater flexibility. The proposed architec ture and protocol will be described.Finally, an examplewill be presentedwhere,starting from thePetri netsmodel, the flow of developmentwill be presented.


From the standpoint of the classical theory of combustion, the analysis of the electro-thermal explosion (ETE) of heterogeneous condensed systems has been carried out. The ETE is one of the variants of a dynamic thermal explosion in which an exothermic reaction proceeds under conditions of heating a substance by passing an electric current. The rate of solid-phase interaction of reagents in condensed mixtures is very low due to low values of diffusion coefficients and undeveloped contact areas of solid particles. A sharp acceleration of the reaction occurs when one of the reactants melts and spreads in the pore space. In the approximation of a negligibly small rate of interaction of solid-phase reagents, estimates of the main characteristics of an electro-thermal explosion were obtained. The critical power of the current separating the steady state and the explosive mode of the process has been determined; the explosion induction period has been calculated; the maximum temperature of the reaction products has been estimated. It is shown that the ETE in mixtures of refractory reagents can lead to extremely high temperatures of the reaction medium.


In this article Acquired Technical Experience: Polymerase chain reaction Cloning in plasmid vectors Plasmid DNA extraction and restriction analysis In vitro transcription and translation Immunoprecipitation assay SDS-PAGE Western blot assay


Since the publication of Kenneth Pomeranz's seminal book The Great Divergence, the landscape of world and global history has changed dramatically. For the first time, living standards, instead of labour, land and capital productivities, have become the prime concern among historians in various parts of the world. The key to this decade-long debate hinges on quantity and quality of information for transnational and cross-regional comparisons. But due to the obvious constraints we historians constantly face, genuinely good data are frustratingly hard to obtain and thus set the upper limits for what we can possibly achieve. The task of the present study is to put some currently circulated nominal wages for the Ming-Qing Period (1368-1911) under the microscope to check their feasibility. Our main findings from Chinese sources suggest that published cash wages did not reflect the actual living wages needed in reality to support a worker and his family of the average size. This means that we may have been barking at the wrong tree.


A function $f\in \BUC(\R^d)$ is said to be weakly* almost periodic, denoted $f\in\APs(\R^d)$, if there is $g\in\AP(\R^d)$, such that, $\oM(|f-g|)=0$, where $\BUC(\R^d)$ and $\AP(\R^d)$ are, respectively, the space of bounded uniformly continuous functions and the space of almost periodic functions, in $\R^d$, and $\oM(h)$ denotes the mean value of $h$, if it exists. We give a very simple direct proof of the stochastic homogenization property of the Dirichlet problem for fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations of the form $F(\om,\frac{x}{\ve},D^2u)=0$, $x\in U$, in a bounded domain $U\subset\R^d$, in the case where for almost all $\om\in \Om$, the realization $F(\om,\cdot,M)$ is a weakly* almost periodic function, for all $M\in\S^d$, where $\S^d$ is the space of $d\X d$ symmetric matrices. Here $(\Om,\mu,\FF)$ is a probability space with probability measure $\mu$ and $\s$-algebra $\FF$ of $\mu$-measurable subsets of $\Om$. For each fixed $M\in\S^d$, $F(\om,y,M)$ is a stationary process, that is, $F(\om,y,M)=\tilde F(T(y)\om,M):= F(T(y)\om,0,M)$, where $T(y):\Om\to\Om$ is an ergodic group of measure preserving mappings such that the mapping $(\om,y)\to T(y)\om$ is measurable. Also, $F(\om,y,M)$, $M\in\S^d$, is uniformly elliptic, with ellipticity constants $0<\l<\gL$ independent of $(\om,y)\in\Om\X\R^d$. The result presented here is a particular instance of the general theorem of Caffarelli, Souganidis and Wang, in CPAM 2005. Our point here is just to show a straightforward proof for this special case, which serves as a motivation for that general theorem, whose proof involves much more intricate arguments. We remark that any continuous stationary process verifies the property that almost all realizations belong to an ergodic algebra, and that $\APs(\R^d)$ is, so far, the greatest known ergodic algebra on $\R^d$.


Justice as one of the goals of law comes from the view that philosophically the law is created and enforced is to create a sense of justice for society. Even in the common people's understanding, justice is often identified with the law itself. That is, the applicable law is always judged from a sense of fairness or not by a particular society. Likewise, the bank credit agreement in the form of the standard agreement contains only the minimum creditor liabilities but on the other hand contains the debtors' liability as much as possible, making it very clear that the justice aspect of the credit agreement of the bank in the form of the standard agreement does not meet the sense of community justice, Especially debtors. It is unfair that debtors with weak position, weak social and economic and then utilized the shortage is for the benefit of the creditors of the bank so that the debtor is forced to sign a credit agreement with the form of the standard agreement. Keywords: Justice, Raw Agreement, Banking Credit


Jobs, profits, taxes and economic growth – these are the good things we have historically associated with mining in South Africa. It is only more recently that we are getting to hear about the destructive effects of mining on our environment and on the communities who live on the lands that have mineral wealth. In 2018, ActionAid conducted a survey of eight  mining-affected communities in South Africa to find out who are the real beneficiaries of mining and who bears its burdens. This article is a snapshot of the findings of that survey.


The process of observing recording transcribing reporting and interpreting data provides information required for allocating resources and evaluating interventions. The whole process may be referred to as a health information system a management information system a health management information system or a public health surveillance system. Desirable change means an improvement in health for the people. Information is produced as part of this process. The infant mortality rate for a country remains a piece of data unless it can be assessed in relation to the rates of other countries. Problems can be formulated by asking questions e.g. concerning the immunization coverage rates in different districts. Information requirements depend on the decision at all levels of the health care system by politicians and professionals. The need for decentralized systems has increased in the past two decades. However a balance must be struck between centralization and decentralization. Community participation has become popular both for democratic or repressive governments and the information needs of community leaders also need to be satisfied. The health workers in the department of health account for the allocation of resources by measuring the effectiveness of health policy. The concept of surveillance is concerned with the incidence and magnitude of health events e.g. low birth weight malnutrition disability accidents and death. It is practiced worldwide for internationally reportable diseases. Other activities include vertical control programs for malaria tuberculosis and AIDS. Information is obtained by means of collecting routine health service records household registration special surveys and rapid assessment. Management of information relies on communication when there is a two-way horizontal and vertical response. The role of computers has to be continually reassessed because they may replace intelligent data interpretation. Interpretation evaluating the information and a common language in an information network for international donors politicians and the people are also mentioned.


With the increasing penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and complexity of network structure, the compensation in distribution network faces huge challenge. The active power and reactive power supplying by DGs are usually seen as an effective solution in improving voltage quality and reducing energy loss. This paper proposes a new local compensation method based on planning and adaptive control of renewable DGs and capacitor, and the uncertainty and randomness of active and reactive power output of renewable DGs (e.g, wind generation and solar photovoltaic) is considered by establishing related probabilistic models. The performance of the proposed solution is assessed through a comparative study by carrying out a set of simulation experiments for a range of system scenarios. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed local compensation can well adapt to the scalability of distribution network. And with the introduction of adaptive controlling, the optimization of DGs and capacitor is sure to be more effective.


In order to find out effective fungicides against Alternaria alternata,the indoor toxicity and field control effects of 7 fungicides against Alternaria alternata were studied with the method of mycelium growth inhibition. The results of indoor experiments showed that tebuconazole 43% SC presented the highest virulent with the lowest EC50,0.0018 mg/mL;the EC50 of Iprodione 75% WP,dimethachlon 40% WP,kangchixing No.1 45% WP,polyoxin 3% WP,mancozeb 80%WP and Thiophanate methyl 70%WP were 0.0063,0.1597,0.1891,0.3835,1.755 and 9.1313 mg/mL,respectively. The results of field experiments showed that tebuconazole 43% SC (diluted to 1/2000) exhibited the best contro1 effect. Seven fungicides in the order of control effect were tebuconazole 43% SC (diluted to 1/2000) dimethacholn 40% WP (diluted to 1/600) Iprodione 75% WP (diluted to 1/600) polyoxin 3% WP (diluted to 1/500) kangchixing No.1 45% WP (diluted to 1/800) mancozeb 80% WP (diluted to 1/500) Thiophanate methyl 70% WP (diluted to 1/700).


As revealed by the no free lunch theorem, no single algorithm can outperform any others on all classes of optimization problems. To tackle this issue, methods for recommending an existing algorithm for solving given problems have been proposed. However, existing recommendation methods for continuous optimization suffer from low practicability and transferability, mainly due to the difficulty in extracting features that can effectively describe the problem structure and lack of data for training a recommendation model. This work proposes a generic recommender system to address the above two challenges. First, a novel method is proposed to represent an analytic objective function of a continuous optimization problem as a tree, which is directly used as the features of the problem. For black-box optimization problems whose objective function is unknown, a symbolic regressor is adopted to estimate the tree structure. Second, a large number of benchmark problems are randomly created based on the proposed tree representation, providing an abundant amount of training data with various levels of difficulty. By employing a deep recurrent neural network, a recommendation model is trained to recommend a most suitable metaheuristic algorithm for white- or black-box optimization, making a significant step forward towards fully automated algorithm recommendation for continuous optimization. Experimental results on 100 000 benchmark problems show that the proposed recommendation model achieves considerably better performance than existing ones, and exhibits high transferability to real-world problems.


The invention relates to a system (4) for detecting an obstacle on a roadway (1) for circulating at least a vehicle (2) traveling on said floor (1), the system (4) having a projection (5 ) of a light pattern (6) on the floor (1), a shooting of the floor unit (1), a module for analyzing images taken of the roadway, the shutter apparatus being arranged so as to take images of at least the light pattern (6) obtained on the roadway (1), said analysis module configured for analyzing said images of at least the light pattern and to detect from said images a possible obstacle on said floor (1). The projection device, the shooting device and the analyzer are fixed in position relative to the floor, physically independent of the vehicle (2), and a telecommunication device is arranged between the scan module and the vehicle to allow the transmission of obstacle detections to the vehicle (2).


The invention discloses a depth automatic regulating type anti-storm flexible enclosure which comprises a rectangle permeable enclosure which is arranged vertically. Floaters are arranged on the top edge of the permeable enclosure along a length direction, and plummets are arranged on the bottom edge. Sub-buckles are fixedly arranged at two ends of the top edge of the permeable enclosure. Float bowls are arranged on two sides of the permeable enclosure. Pulleys are fixedly arranged at bottom ends of the float bowls. Ropes are arranged by penetrating through the pulleys. Big weights which are sunk in water bottom and small weights which are suspended in the water are fixedly arranged at two ends of the each rope. Two sides of each float bowl are provided with main buckles which are matched with the sub-buckles. The depth automatic regulating type anti-storm flexible enclosure is suitable for projects such as lakes, rivers, and surrounding oil, surrounding pollutants and surrounding seaweed of oceans, is suitable for natural conditions such as lake surface stormy waves, water flow, natural fluctuation of water level and deep water, can separate water bodies effectively, is not limited in scale, and is easy to maintain, and service life is 5-8 years.


A compact photonic microphone has been proposed and realized, incorporating a dual‐core multimode fiber (MMF) block combined with a reflective micromirror‐based diaphragm. The fiber block, where two MMFs are aligned and tilted toward each other with an angle, played a role as an optical head used to transfer light to and from the diaphragm. And the membrane‐type micromirror made of a silicon film coated with gold films was implemented to be suspended via a thin bar connected to a silicon frame, thereby enabling dynamic displacement induced by applied acoustic waves. For the demonstrated microphone, its static characteristics were first examined to find out the operating point defined as the optimum distance between the optical head and the diaphragm. Its measured frequency response was examined to exhibit an operation bandwidth of 3 kHz with the variation of ∼5 dB. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 135–137, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22088


High D/Pd loading is known to be a requirement for producing excess heat in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment, and much work has in recent years been focused on electrochemical protocols and cathode processing in order to achieve D/Pd loadings approaching unity routinely. However, we know very little about PdD at a loading near unity, and almost nothing about what happens when the loading exceeds unity. It may be that when the octahedral sites are fully occupied, additional interstitial deuterium atoms occupy tetrahedral sites, a proposal which at this point has little experimental support. It is nevertheless possible to construct an empirical model for this scenario, and to make use of available experimental data to fit the associated model parameters. We worked with empirical models for both PdD and PdH that assume an O-site energy quadratic in loading, and an O-site to T-site excitation which is either constant in loading, or else taken as an empirical function fit to estimates inferred from the analysis of experimental data. There are two empirical models, each with four or more free parameters; and insufficient experimental data from which to choose each parameter or function independently. We add supplementary constraints that presume the models for PdH and PdD must be very similar, which reduces the number of degrees of freedom within the models. This allows data from PdH to be used to construct a model for PdD, and vice versa. The models which result are interesting; they suggest these complicated systems might be understood based on a simple underlying picture; they indicate that there is more T-site occupation than has been appreciated previously in the literature; they indicate that the resistance ratio calibrations for PdH and PdD are inconsistent; and finally, measurements of the chemical potential at high loading have the potential to provide information about the O-site to T-site excitation energy. © 2015 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123


Minorities in any country face the threat of being marginalized and pushed to the periphery. Marginality for the members of minority groups remains an involuntary position ascribed to them. As seen in most minority discourses, the question of identity is central and is subject to several aspects related to the situation of the particular minority group in the context of its position of existence in the said country or culture. Minorities can be defined on the basis of culture, language, religion, ethnicity, colour, caste or any other virtue attributed to a particular group. This paper is an attempt to explore the Post-Colonial identity of members of a miniscule minority, the Bene Israel Jews, who have lived and survived and also managed to maintain their distinct identity in the multi-cultural canvass of India. It tries to explore the crisis faced by this community specially in the context of bridging a gap between their Motherland which is India and their Fatherland which is Israel. It looks into the divided identity of this Jewish community which is Indian by citizenship and Israelite by religion. The primary text in question and the major point of reference for this paper shall remain Meera Mahadevan's fictional work Shulamith. This paper shall additionally look into the fictional works of other Indian Jewish writers as well. As the titular character of the novel Shulamith searches for a homeland in India, this paper will evaluate her struggles as a voice from a religious minority in India. When the State of Israel came into being in 1948, Jews started returning to Israel in search of better opportunities. Mahadevan's character struggles in the midst of an alien culture to stick to her own identity as an Indian Jew. Though her roots remain in Israel she is completely committed to a homeland which she finds in India.


In 1978, near the village of Shirakavan, Shirak region of the Republic of Armenia, among the burial complexes of the Late Bronze and Iron Age, was opened and examined burial No. 17. According to the specialists, it was oriented from north to south, had a ground chamber 1.70 x 0.80 x 1.20 m, and equipped with two floor slabs. In the cell, the skeleton lay on its right side in a bent position, with its head to the north. Near his right hand was a massive bronze standard, and in the left - a bronze bowl. In the southeastern corner of the chamber, was discovered a bronze cauldron, containing the bones of cattle and a black-polished vessel. The parallels of the artifacts discovered during excavations (especially bronze finds) at one time allowed specialists to date the complex to the 14th-12th centuries BC. Numerous new finds from closed burial complexes of that period make it possible to revise the dating of burial No. 17 from Shirakavan, and to attribute it to the 15th-14th centuries BC. Among the materials from the burial, a bronze standard with a sculptural compositional group stands out. It has an anchor-shaped base, on both sides of which one volumetric figurine of a bird is fixed. In the center of the base, is vertically attached a square massive handle. The latter, upward, turns into twobranched protrusions, on each of which are attached figurines of a man (mythical hero-hunter) and a lion. The total height of the standard is 24 cm. A detailed study of the composition of the bronze standard from Shirakavan necropolis (burial No. 17) allows us to assert that he presents a mature armed man (hero - hunter) and a tamed lion standing on a two-branched pedestal.


In order to discuss the influence of slope terrain on vertical ground motion response spectrum characteristics,the vertical seismic responses of the viscoelastic rock slopes excited by white noise were calculated by using the numerical finite element analysis method.The influences of slope terrain on the vertical ground motion response spectrum were analyzed.It is show that with the increase of the slope degree and slope height,the vertical response spectrum and the vertical spectrum ratios increase.The amplification factors of design vertical ground motions for the structures on the slope and the platform of slope terrain are suggested.


This study qualitatively explored Hispanics' perceptions of obesity and media-related strategies to obesity prevention. Sixteen interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of Hispanic adults (56% females; ~41 years old) in Texas. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis approach. Results showed that participants were aware of the severity and consequences of obesity. Media, especially Spanish TV and Internet were the primary health communication channels. Participants wished for more frequent public health announcements of local government initiatives, programs and events; desired celebrity's role modeling; and suggested media portray of fat body imagery to help the community recognize the seriousness of obesity, as well as demanded for regulations on junk food commercials. In conclusion, future obesity prevention communication should consider using Spanish TV and Internet as the primary channels, utilizing celebrities as message sources, focusing on public health announcements & messaging; as well as advocating junk food commercial regulation.


Clinical (diagnostic) reasoning is inherently a problem-solving activity in which the practitioner's efficiency and effectiveness are strongly dependent on an ability to access and manipulate a vast knowledge base. In real patient interactions, students must gather, analyse and synthesize information; generate hypotheses; and make decisions (e.g. diagnosis and treatment). To develop skills in problem solving it is argued that students need to be provided with more tools rather than more answers.1


We performed new high-resolution magnetic measurements of sedimentary cores from the east northern Pacific ODP Site 1021 and the East equatorial Pacific ODP Site 851. ODP Site 1021 is characterized by a high clay content with less than 10% carbonates in contrast to ODP Site 851 which is highly carbonated (% CaCO3 of at least 70%). The time scale of both records was obtained by orbital tuning of sediment density and/or susceptibility variations and whenever possible tested against the reversal positions. Previous magnetic studies at both sites have been concentrated on the past 1.2 Ma using U-channels. We extended this period and performed high resolution and detailed studies of 4210 sediment levels that cover the past 4.4 Ma. Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) were both stepwise demagnetized by alternating fields. The new results confirm the magnetostratigraphy derived from the shipboard measurements but improve the definition of the polarity intervals and identify zones or events that were either unclear or hidden by unremoved secondary components. Studies of relative paleointensity were conducted following the standard rules and yielded determinations with the exception of intervals that were either too weakly magnetized or disturbed. The evolution of relative paleointensity displays similar behavior during the reversal periods at both sites, but the two curves show strikingly different patterns outside the transitional intervals that are characterized by the largest intensity changes. Spectral analyses revealed that magnetic concentration was strongly dependent on paleoenvironmental components at ODP Site 1021 which likely affected the results of relative paleointensity. It is assumed that the absence of any long-term geomagnetic trend during the stable polarity intervals at this site results from the interplay between climatic and geomagnetic factors. The large amplitude of field intensity decrease during the reversal periods dominates all other factors and is thus visible over the entire record.


New light scattering experiments on CDW excitations in quasi-oneand twodimensional materials are reported. In particular, the temperature dependence of the modes is discussed with respect to the Peierls transition. Static (or at least quasi-static) periodic distortions arising from the Peierls instability are known to occur both in oneand two-dimensional materials. Since these distortions are accompanied by a spatially periodic redistribution of electronic charge they are usually called charge-density waves (CDW). The dynamic oscillations around this distorted ground-state are known as the amplitude and phase mode of the CDW. In inelastic neutron scattering experiments these excitations manifest themselves as strong anomaly at twice the Fermi wave vector. However, the resolution function of the neutron spectrometer does not allow for a determination of definite eigenfrequencies at 2 k, [l]. Light scattering offers an alternative way of observing CDW modes since the static distortion of periodicity 2 k, relaxes the k-selection rule, and since the wave vector resolution is much better than in a neutron scattering experiment. The coupling of the light to the 2 k , excitations is proportional to the amplitude of distortion and thus, light scattering from CDW modes should disappear at the Peierls transition temperature T,. Furthermore, theory predicts a softening of these modes by approaching T, from below. By means of Raman scattering we did observe CDW excitations in both the quasi one-dimensional (KCP) and two-dimensional case (2 H-TaSe,). In KCP a distinct line was observed at about 44 cm-' and attributed to the amplitude mode [2], in good agreement with the corresponding phase mode extracted from infrared experiments 131. This line was detected at all temperatures (the coupling coefficient decreased only slightly with increasing temperature). Furthermore, no softening but even a hardening of this mode was observed together with a strong increase in damping. This clearly indicates that no Peierls transition (in the structural sense) takes place in KCP at any accessible temperature. Additional experiments on deuterated samples showed a large isotope effect [4] which suggests that the CDW excitations of the Ptchains are coupled to the intramolecular vibrations of water molecules located in between the chains. Thus the (( one-dimensional metal KCP seems to be more three-dimensional in nature than commonly assumed. 2 H-TaSe, is a layered material which does undergo phase transitions associated with planar distortions of the lattice 151. Below 122 K it develops a near-threefold incommensurate superlattice which becomes commensurate with the original lattice at 90 K. The Raman spectrum shows several low-lying lines at low temperatures [6]. At least two of them (at 49 and 82 cm-') change drastically in intensity, position and width by approaching the transition temperatures and thus are attributed to CDW excitations. In particular, both lines soften with increasing temperature as is seen in figure 1. The frequency of the lower mode tends to zero towards 122 K with an exponent of about 1/3 whereas the higher line seems to be connected with the transition at 90 K. The width of both lines increases strongly with temperature on approaching 122 K and 90 K, respectively, whereas the coupling coefficient (which is proportional


AbstractThis article is the first in a series devoted to discussions of the responsibilities, activities, and techniques of the various specialists who might make up a modern archaeological field staff The articles are all written by scholars with extensive field experience. It is hoped that the series will be beneficial to scholars in framing the design of their research projects, in planning their budgets, and in determining the number and types of specialists best suited for the projects envisioned. Readers are urged to comment on the series in the light of their own experiences in the field: letters will be published in Perspectives.Authors of a few of the forthcoming articles in this series include Vaughn M. Bryant, palaeobotany; Frederick R. Matson, ceramics analysis; and Al B. Wesolowsky, physical anthropology. THE EDITOR Few major excavations are now mounted without staff representation from the natural sciences. The classical concern of the geologist with stratigraphy and chronology coupled with ...


The present invention relates to an oxide crystal containing niobium content in the range of 0.1 to 20% by mass and / or content in the range of 0.1 to 20 mass% of niobium nitride crystal niobium sintered body, the sintered body and the use of capacitor and manufacturing method thereof. Capacitor using the niobium sintered body of the large capacity per unit mass, and relatively good high-temperature characteristics and leakage characteristics.


OBJECTIVES
Data suggest atherosclerotic-related inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but large-scale studies are missing.

METHODS
In this nationwide case-control study, we used the Swedish Patient Register and the ESPRESSO (Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden) cohort to identify adult cases of incident IBD between 2002-2021, with each case matched to up to 10 general population controls. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for exposure to an atherosclerotic-related condition (myocardial infarction, thromboembolic stroke, or atherosclerosis itself) prior to being diagnosed with IBD.

RESULTS
There were a total of 56,212 individuals with IBD, and 531,014 controls. Of these 2,334 (4.2%) cases and 18,222 (3.4%) controls had a prior diagnosis of an atherosclerotic-related condition, corresponding to an OR of 1.30 (95%CI 1.24-1.37). Results were statistically significant for both Crohn's disease (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.26-1.48) and ulcerative colitis (OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.20-1.35), as well as for individuals who developed IBD at 40-59 and ≥60 years-old. Additionally, associations persisted when adjusting for underlying comorbidities, including presence of immune-mediated diseases, as well as prior aspirin and/or statin use. The highest odds of an atherosclerotic-related condition were seen in the 6-12 months prior to IBD diagnosis, though odds were increased even ≥5 years prior. A higher magnitude of odds was also observed when having two or more atherosclerotic-related conditions as compared to only one.

CONCLUSIONS
A history of an atherosclerotic-related condition is associated with increased odds of developing IBD, particularly among older adults. Future studies should investigate whether drugs targeting atherosclerotic-related inflammation may prevent IBD in higher-risk individuals.


We reviewed the recent advances in the physiological ecology of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,and focused on the effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction and the biochemical and physiological adaptations of the sea cucumber to extreme temperatures,e.g.the effect of temperature fluctuations on the growth of sea cucumber and related mechanisms,the behavioral and physiological performances of the sea cucumber during aestivation,the effect of thermal history on the thermal limits of the sea cucumber.A preliminary discussion about the development of thermal physiological ecology in the sea cucumber is also presented in the present paper.


Sediment and benthic-invertebrate data were collected during water years 1985 through 1988 in the Fountain Creek drainage basin upstream from Widefield, Colorado. Sediment data collected include suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size analysis of suspended sediment, bedload, and bed material. The smallest median suspended-sediment concentrations were determined for suspended-sediment samples collected at Monument Creek at Palmer Lake and Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard, at U.S. Air Force Academy. Maximum and median suspended-sediment concentrations were largest at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs. Sediment-transport equations were derived for total suspended-sediment discharge and suspended-sand discharge at seven periodic sampling sites. Annual suspended-sediment loads for water years 1985 through 1988 and mean annual suspended-sediment yields were computed for the seven periodic sampling sites. Mean annual suspended-sediment yield for 1985 through 1988 increased about 73 percent downstream in the Fountain Creek drainage basin primarily as a result of sediment discharging from Monument Creek. Mean annual suspended-sediment yields decreased about 30 percent in the lower part of the Fountain Creek drainage basin. In the downstream parts of the Monument Creek drainage basin, mean annual suspended-sediment yield increased about 608 percent. The median grain size of all bed-material samples was very coarse sand to small cobbles, and the median grain size of all bedload samples was coarse sand to very fine gravel. Bedload discharge was computed at six of the periodic sampling sites. Measured bedload discharge ranged from 2.6 to 3,570 tons per day. Bedload discharge, as a percentage of total sediment discharge, ranged from 6 to 92 percent, and the smaller values occurred during rainfall runoff. Except for 1988, benthic invertebrates were collected four times annually at five of the periodic sampling sites. Number of taxa, species density, and similarity indices were determined for the five sites. At the five benthicinvertebrate sampling sites, 138 taxa were identified; however only 24 were common to all sites. At the benthic-invertebrate sampling sites, changes in streambed elevation was measured periodically during stream-channel crosssection surveys. The more habitat-sensitive benthic invertebrates-Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera were most abundant and were most frequently collected at sites where there was little to no change in streambed elevation. Multiple comparison tests were used to test for similarity of benthic invertebrates between the five sites. Multiple-regression analysis was done to determine the effects of sediment transport on benthic-invertebrate densities. Median grain size of bed material collected in conjunction with benthic-invertebrate samples and flooding during the 30 days prior to sampling consistently accounted for the most variation in mean densities of total organisms for major taxa groups sampled. Benthic-invertebrate densities were largest at sites with larger median grain size of bed material and that had the fewest periods of flooding during the 30 days prior to sample collection. INTRODUCTION The Fountain Creek drainage basin in southeastern Colorado (fig. 1) has been affected by extensive erosion for more than a century. Chapman (1933) used Fountain Creek as an example of a stream that has been affected by greater than normal erosion rates, which he believed began in the late 1870 f s as a result of agricultural development. Since 1950, much agricultural area in the basin has been replaced by urban development. Attention of local and state governments has been focused on the effects of changing land use on streams and rivers in the area. In 1985, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Colorado Springs Department of Utilities, began a study to determine the sediment-transport characteristics and the effects of'sediment transport on benthic invertebrates in the Fountain Creek drainage basin upstream from Widefield. The study area, hereinafter referred to as the basin, is in eastern Teller County and northwestern El Paso County upstream from Widefield. The basin includes 495 mi 2 (square miles) of the Fountain Creek drainage, which also includes the City of Colorado Springs. Purpose and Scope This report defines the sediment-transport characteristics in Fountain and Monument Creeks and describes the effects of sediment transport on benthic invertebrates in Fountain and Monument Creeks. Sediment and benthicinvertebrate data collection began in 1985 and continued through water year 1988. Suspended-sediment data were collected periodically at seven sites; periodic sampling of bedload and collection of bed material occurred at six of the seven sites, and periodic sampling of benthic invertebrates was done four times annually at five sites, except for water year 1988, when only three samples were collected (figs. 1 and 2; table 1). Suspended-sediment data were used to develop suspended-sediment-transport equations that were used to determine suspended-sediment discharge and yields in Fountain Creek and its main tributary, Monument Creek. Bedload and bed-material data and periodic measurements of stream-channel cross sections were used to describe streambed stability at benthicinvertebrate sampling sites. The number of organisms, number of taxa, and similarity indices were determined from benthic-invertebrate data collected at five sites (fig. 1; table 1). Multiple-comparison tests were used to test for similarity of the number of benthic invertebrates among the five sites sampled. Multiple-regression analyses were done to determine the effects of selected water-quality properties and constituents, size distribution of bed material, and frequency of flooding on benthic-invertebrate densities. In this report, the term flooding or flood refers to streamflow resulting from snowmelt or rainfall runoff. EXPLANATION T PERIODIC-BIOLOGICAL, SEDIMENT, AND CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT SITE THAT HAS CONTINUOUS STREAMFLOW GAGING STATION r PERIODIC-SEDIMENT AND CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT SITE THAT HAS CONTINUOUS STREAMFLOW GAGING STATION T PERIODIC-BIOLOGICAL AND SEDIMENT MEASUREMENT SITE THAT HAS CONTINUOUS STREAMFLOW GAGING STATION X" PERIODIC-SEDIMENT, CHEMICAL, AND STREAMFLOW MEASUREMENT SITE ^ PERIODIC-CHEMICAL AND STREAMFLOW MEASUREMENT SITE jty INACTIVE-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT SITE F4 NUMBER REFERS TO SAMPLING SITES IN TABLE 1 PERIODIC BED-MATERIAL AND BEDLOAD SAMPLING SITE


The invention specifically relates to a wireless projector transmission device. The wireless projector transmission device comprises a data transmission module and a data receiving module, wherein the data transmission module is used for transmitting projection signals, and the data receiving module is used for receiving projection signals; the data transmission module is connected with a projection signal source; and the data receiving module is connected with a projector. Projection signals transmitted from the data transmission module can be displayed on the projector by connecting the data receiving module with the projector directly. A projector with wireless function can be realized by using the device in an existing projector, such that the cost is saved and the resource is saved.


The franchisee is usually the most vulnerable part of the franchise relationship, and should therefore receive greater protection from the legal framework. In this regard, the franchisor's pre-contractual disclosure duty has evolved in its legal status. Whereas its original purpose was to ensure transparency in the market, it now serves to protect the franchisee. In this paper, we compare the franchisor's obligations established by the legal framework in Spain with those set out in the Model Law drawn up by The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law.


Natural language requirements documents are often verified by means of some reading technique. Some recommendations for defining a good reading technique point out that a concrete technique must not only be suitable for specific classes of defects, but also for a concrete notation in which requirements are written. Following this suggestion, we have proposed a metric-based reading (MBR) technique used for requirements inspections, whose main goal is to identify specific types of defects in use cases. The systematic approach of MBR is basically based on a set of rules as "if the metric value is too low (or high) the presence of defects of type de fType/sub 1/,...de fType/sub n/ must be checked". We hypothesised that if the reviewers know these rules, the inspection process is more effective and efficient, which means that the defects detection rate is higher and the number of defects identified per unit of time increases. But this hypotheses lacks validity if it is not empirically validated. For that reason the main goal is to describe a controlled experiment we carried out to ascertain if the usage of MBR really helps in the detection of defects in comparison with a simple checklist technique. The experiment result revealed that MBR reviewers were more effective at detecting defects than checklist reviewers, but they were not more efficient, because MBR reviewers took longer than checklist reviewers on average.


In this paper authors reviewed the history of the International Symposium "Animal Science Days" from the beginning up to now. After showing the antecedents of this scientific meeting the places and topics of the former symposiums were demonstrated. After reviewing the development of this event in the last 18 years, collaborations based on the quadrilateral cooperation of the partner universities were demonstrated. As results of these scientific cooperations common publications and also the importance of collaboration in the field of education were evaluated. For further collaborations the fields of common interests and also the internationally available funding were demonstrated. Based on this review it was concluded that "Animal Science Days" symposium contributed significantly to the scientific and educational life of each partner university and the agriculture of the Alps-Adriatic region. The partner universities have further possibilities to extend their collaborations, but a joint lobby for creating new funding possibilities would be a great help for them.


The purpose of this study is to examine the corporate governance structure affect the reporting of Loan Loss Provisions in the Islamic banking sector. Loan Loss Provisions was originally used for the purpose of reducing credit risk. However, the management can use the provisioning technique with discretionary behaviour for earnings management purposes.
The sample in this research is Islamic Banks listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2010-2015. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method and acquired 11 Islamic Banks which become the sample. This study uses quantitative method by using multiple linear regression analysis.
The result showed that the size of the board of commissioners are positively affected on earnings management. This indicates that small boards size are more effective than the larger ones on decision making. The result also indicate that the size of the audit committee and the size of the sharia supervisory board (henceforth DPS) significant negatively affected on earnings management on Islamic banking.


This Supreme Court Review Symposia Articles is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized administrator of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Larry C. Backer, A Cobbler's Court, a Practitioner's Court: The Rehnquist Court Finds Its Groove, 34 Tulsa L. J. 347 (1998).