The infrared (4000-200 cm-I) and Raman (4000-100 cm-') spectra of CH3NC-10BH3, its deuterated species, and CH3NC-BH3 have been recorded for the solid state. Fundamental vibrations, except the internal torsional mode, have been assigned on the basis of C3, symmetry. The N e stretching frequency was found to increase ca. 150 cm-l upon complex formation. Normal-coordinate analysis has been carried out in the staggered configuration. The N=C force constant was found to increase ca. 10% upon complex formation in agreement with the strengthening of the N = C bond indicated by the structural data, which is the main cause of the upward frequency shift of the N=C stretch. The C-B force constant was found to have a value of 2.90 mdyn/A, which is larger than the N-B constant (2.45 mdyn/A) in CH3CN.BH3, suggesting that methyl isocyanide is a stronger base than methyl cyanide.


Materialists always hold that the social development and the peoples welfare all depend on the materials-to the last-the nature resources. In the social revolving, the main three factors of energy, com munication and raw material, to the final analysis, are of only a problem of material. Especially, such a kinds which can not be gained by means of modern tech such as nature minerals. Naturally, todays West Development in China should also be based on it. This is a key problem considered by the investors both domestic and abroad. Because of this, to give an analysis on the science viewpoint is necessary. bhut west China is too vast to say, and the nature resource also too rich to say, we can only give Yunnan province as an example for investors to consider.


Abstract The μ‐amino–borane complexes [Rh2(LR)2(μ‐H)(μ‐H2B=NHR′)][BArF 4] (LR=R2P(CH2)3PR2; R=Ph, iPr; R′=H, Me) form by addition of H3B⋅NMeR′H2 to [Rh(LR)(η6‐C6H5F)][BArF 4]. DFT calculations demonstrate that the amino–borane interacts with the Rh centers through strong Rh‐H and Rh‐B interactions. Mechanistic investigations show that these dimers can form by a boronium‐mediated route, and are pre‐catalysts for amine‐borane dehydropolymerization, suggesting a possible role for bimetallic motifs in catalysis.


Completed suicide is more frequent among older adults than any other age group. Data on suicide in nursing homes and other residential facilities are inconsistent. This work aims to describe the characteristics of elderly suicide victims in different residential settings compared to young suicide victims.


Dan provides expert guidance to business owners from the initial meeting to closing – often a process that takes years as ownership positions the business and personal situations align. Dan has an ability to understand and summarize complex financial...


[1] Seismic wide-angle data were collected along a 40-km-long profile centered at the geothermal research well GrSk 3/90 in the Northeast German Basin. Tomographic inversion of travel time data provided a velocity and a vertical velocity gradient model, indicative of Cenozoic to Pre-Permian sediments. Wide-angle reflections are modeled and interpreted as top Zechstein and top Pre-Permian. Changes in velocity gradients are interpreted as the transition from mechanical to chemical compaction at 2–3 km depth, and localized salt structures are imaged, suggesting a previously unknown salt pillow in the southern part of the seismic profile. The Zechstein salt shows decreased velocities in the adjacent salt pillows compared to the salt lows, which is confirmed by sonic log data. This decrease in velocity could be explained by the mobilization of less dense salt, which moved and formed the salt pillows, whereas the denser salt remained in place at the salt lows. We interpret a narrow subvertical low-velocity zone under the salt pillow at GrSk 3/90 as a fault in the deep Permian to Pre-Permian. This WNW-ESE trending fault influenced the location of the salt tectonics and led to the formation of a fault-bounded graben in the Rotliegend sandstones with optimal mechanical conditions for geothermal production. Thermal modeling showed that salt pillows are related to chimney effects, a decrease in temperature, and increasing velocity. The assumed variations in salt lithology, density, and strain must thus be even higher to compensate for the temperature effect.


Normal fetal kidney dimensions are necessary to diagnose fetal kidney abnormalities. The maximum fetal renal growth occurs during 26-34 weeks gestation. Fetal kidney length correlates well with gestational age. Aim of the present study is to measure fetal kidney size at 30 and 38 weeks of gestation in singleton pregnancy. No statistically significant difference was found in the mean parameters of right and left kidney at a particular gestational age (p≥0.05) in this study. The mean length in mm of fetal kidneys was slightly longer than the approximate gestational age in weeks.


The present invention is a method to recover power distribution system with distributed power source is based on heuristic rules, dynamically distributed power islanding, while the security feature using contact switching power supply recovery scheme can adapt to distributed power continuous output power changes and important users, making intelligent distribution network capable of safe, reliable and economic operation. Power distribution network power recovery is to determine the range of the operating state of the grid and the fault location before the grid failure. And a distributed power in the defective area and the defective area and contacts connected to the switching complex, while switching operation of the corresponding segment, and maintaining radial run distribution network of distributed power addition. Not only make full use of distributed power to improve the reliability of power supply distribution network, and greatly reduce the search space, the optimal strategy to reduce the search time for distribution network with distributed power supply resume real-time operation.


The merging of grid and pervasive computing raises new challenges. Its main impact is a critical increase of the dynamicity, heterogeneity and unpredictability of the users, of the uses and even of the network topology. Moreover, emergency scenarii are one of the target applications of pervasive grids, with strong time constraints making the performances a critical point. In such a context, the decisions about the distribution become a key of the efficiency. However, existing grid middlewares have been designed for quite stable, homogeneous and predictable architectures. Our proposal is a distribution decision-making support allowing to make optimal decisions in an easy, usable and profitable way. We present a use case of pervasive grid and demonstrate why existing solutions are not adapted. We show how our method has been embedded in a grid service, namely the Network Distance Service (NDS) and illustrate its benefit on the main problems of distribution: replication, placement and selection of data, task, services... We show experimentation results and discuss how NDS can be useful to handle the new constraints involved by the merging of grid and pervasive computing. 3


The purpose of this study was to survey teacher education students during their student teaching assignments in order to determine a) their perspective of their preparedness for the classroom; b) their observations or use of effective teaching strategies during their student teaching experiences. Responses were obtained from. 31 preservice teachers, 26 elementary and 6 secondary. Students responded to questions that assessed their knowledge of: Content Areas, Instructional and Evaluative Practices, School Climate, Learning Disabilities, and At Risk Behaviors,. In addition, the student teachers expressed opinions regarding their perceptions of the conditions of teaching. A comparison of the mean levels of the two groups of student teachers (elementary and secondary) was made through the use of t tests. There was a significant difference between the elementary and secondary preservice teachers in the areas of: Adequate Time for Teaching Academic Content. (p < .018) Infusion of Multicultural Appreciation (p < .031) Use of Mathematics Manipulatives (p < .041) Integrative Social Studies Units (p < . 007)


A Research Dissertation Submitted In Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award of
Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) of Mzumbe University
June, 2014


Abstract : The Asian seas today are witnessing an intriguing historical anomaly - the simultaneous rises of two homegrown maritime powers against the backdrop of U.S. dominion over the global commons. The drivers behind this apparent irregularity in the Asian regional order are, of course, China and India. Their aspirations for great-power status and, above all, their quests for energy security have compelled both Beijing and New Delhi to redirect their gazes from land to the seas. While Chinese and Indian maritime interests are a natural outgrowth of impressive economic growth and the attendant appetite for energy resources, their simultaneous entries into the nautical realm also portend worrisome trends.


ABSTRACT In Cambodia and Ghana, the promotion of women's equal rights to food and land has occurred in parallel with processes of trade liberalization and agricultural commercialization. This article considers how a feminist methodology that foregrounds the right to food and inter-related human rights could identify the inequalities engendered and sustained in rural communities through neo-liberal agricultural development. An explicitly feminist approach to the implementation of the right to food demands that we focus on dynamic, intersectional and contexualized relations of power to go beyond the top-down, apolitical and technical focus of mainstream laws and policies on gender and agriculture.


The purpose of the present study was to compare results of saline, iodine, and KOH wet mount preparations executed on each of 1116 stool samples from patients attending ICDDR,B clinical pathology laboratory was compared. Ascaris lumbricoides was most prevalent helminth (3.67%) found in KOH wet mount preparation. The protozoan parasites (9.59%) were more prevalent than helmiths (8.24%) and Giardia sp (4.03%) shows the higher infection found by KOH wet mount preparation. Females are more infected by parasites than males found in observations by all the three methods (saline, iodine and KOH wet mount preparation). It was also observed that the young (1- 10 years) were more infected than older age group (above 51). In seasonal variation, parasitic infestation was higher during May (27%) and the prevalence was lower in December (10%). KOH was found to be effective in destroying the faecal debris, faecal mass and other artifacts without affecting many of the parasitic ova, cysts and larvae in the stool smears. KOH for wet mount smear in examining the stool samples for detection of intestinal helminths may be routinely used which is simple, cost-effective and could be afforded in resource poor setting. Bangladesh J. Zool. 45 (2): 159-170, 2017


Presents two cases of multi-objective structure designs for mechanical systems described by Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. One is a state feedback case. The other is a dynamic output feedback case. The design purpose is to determine not only feedback gains of a fuzzy controller but also structure parameters of a controlled object. In each case, structure-oriented design conditions are derived from decay rate and optimal control performance points of view. In the dynamic output feedback case, we derive LMI conditions by introducing a new type of fuzzy controller. The multi-objective structure designs are applied to a parallel-type double inverted pendulum system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the multi-objective structure designs.


The transfer of the contractual right of land can not only improve the disposal efficiency of the limited land resources,but also help peasants and proprietor's increase theirincome and make sustainable use of land.And now,the transferof the contractual right of land in Xixiu District is still at initial stage of development.The peasants and proprietor's are influenced by transfer models、process and contract during this course.This paperputs forward recommendations which are based on the survey in Xixiu District and analysis of those majorfactors.It is the author's purpose to offervaluable information forthe healthy development of rural land market.


Impingement heat transfer in a circular block of an open-cell metal foam with high porosity (e=0.94) is experimentally studied at two distinctive flow regimes, semiturbulent (Rej=1800 and 2800) and fully turbulent (Rej=7500 and 15,000) regimes. The influence of jet structures and their variation with jet exit-to-foam spacing (impinging distance) on overall heat transfer are characterized. The laminar length appears in the semiturbulent jet but disappears in the fully turbulent jet. Its role is found to longitudinally translate the onset axial location of entrainment, which coincides with the potential core of the round jet. When the metal foam is positioned inside the laminar length, the overall heat transfer becomes insensitive to the impinging distance. A wider divergence of the semiturbulent jet and a faster decay of the axial momentum than the fully turbulent jet occur once entrainment takes place.


According to the recommendation of ITU about SDH, the design of SDH framealigner is introduced in this paper. Parameters of this frame aligner are selected based on the ana-lyzing of system performances. The ASIC circuit structure of the frame aligner is also presented.The design is testified by ASIC simulation software.


The authors report the realisation of wideband amplifiers using AllnAs/GaInAs transferred-substrate heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The first amplifier is in the f/sub /spl tau// doubler configuration with an input emitter follower while the second is a Darlington stage designed for high gain. The former had a low frequency gain of 8.2 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 80 GHz. While the latter had a low frequency gain of 18 dB and a bandwidth of 50 GHz.


A classroom illuminating energy-saving lamp control system comprises a single-chip microcomputer as a main controller, a matrix keyboard circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a reset circuit and a rectification and voltage stabilization circuit, wherein row lines of the matrix keyboard circuit are connected with the output end of the single-chip microcomputer, and column lines of the matrix keyboard circuit are connected with the input end of the single-chip microcomputer; the crystal oscillator circuit is connected with a pin XTAL1 and a pin XTAL2 of the single-chip microcomputer; the reset circuit is connected with a pin RST of the single-chip microcomputer; and one end of the rectification and voltage stabilization circuit is connected with a 220V voltage, and the other end of the rectification and voltage stabilization circuit is connected with the VCC end. The classroom illuminating energy-saving lamp control system can reduce labor intensity, is simple in operation, high in efficiency and low in cost, and saves energy.


Using ZnO pellets and molecular hydrogen as solid source and reactant gas respectively, Zn-ZnO microspheres were grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition in low temperature growth regime. The presence of Zn-ZnO microspheres was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. It is suggested that microspheres formed in the gas phase by nucleation of Zn atoms. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements suggest that microspheres were only superficially oxidized by water vapor species.


This Note has two objectives. First, a definitional confusion in David Beatty's theory of the Charter is clarified. Beatty argues that his emphasis on the less drastic means test is founded upon the Pareto principle. It is submitted that a welfarist rule such as Paretianism cannot support a rights-based criterion such as Beatty's. Second, Beatty's claim that his theory of the Charter is a "social critic model" is criticized. It is submitted that a theory founded upon an instrumentalist rule such as the less drastic means test does not represent true social criticism, which must refer to underlying values.


Aid to Africa is less threatened by the current foreign policy and fiscal pressures than by a complex crisis of legitimacy regarding the enterprise. Despite official rhetoric to the contrary, most aid insiders are disappointed by the current achievements of aid. The current malaise has resulted in a considerable ferment of thinking about how to make aid more effective. This article describes four sets of proposals that have been advanced. These include proposals to make aid more selective, as well as to adopt a more need-based approach, which includes proposals to promote government ownership, and to focus aid on non-governmental actors in the private and voluntary sectors. It is argued that each of these proposals is desirable, but that together they are probably incompatible, certainly difficult for the donors to implement and unlikely to address the real problems that have plagued aid and African development these last thirty-five years. The real challenge, not addressed by most current reform proposals, is to change how donors and recipients manage aid, so that it contributes to a sound development strategy. The article concludes that the main impulse for reform must come from African countries themselves, rather than from the donor countries. RUMOURS OF THE DEATH of foreign aid to Africa are much exaggerated. True, the volume of foreign aid from the West to Africa has been declining since 1994.1 After three decades of uninterrupted growth in the volume of aid going to Africa, any decline would have set off alarm bells. Yet, in 1997, sub-Saharan Africa still received over US$ 16 billion in official development assistance (ODA). Given the previous growth, even if aid declined by 5 percent a year for a decade, it would still be greater in 2007 than it was in the mid-1980s. It is thus very premature to speak of 'an end of aid to Africa'. Under any plausible scenario of the policy-making process in the developed countries, aid will continue to mark the African landscape for the foreseeable future. There are several well known reasons for the observed recent decline. First, the end of ie Cold War has changed foreign policy priorities in the West and weakened the claims of African states for international resources. The author teaches in the Department of Political Science, Michigan State University. 1. Unless otherwise indicated, the aid data reported in this article come from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as presented in its annual report on the aid efforts of its member states.


Insofar as our cultural heritage (CH) has become not only an economic resource but a key element in defining our identity, its accurate and flexible documentation has emerged as an essential task. The generation of 3D information with physical and functional characteristics is now possible through the connection of survey data with Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM). However, few studies have focused on the semantic enrichment process of models based on point clouds, especially on the field of cultural heritage. These singularities make the conversion of point cloud to "as-built" HBIM an expensive process from the mathematical and computational viewpoint. At present, there is no software that guarantees automatic and efficient data conversion in architectural or urban contexts. The ongoing research "Documenting and Visualizing Industrial Heritage" is conducted by the School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, Finland based on an Open Notebook Reserarch Model. It is focused on advance the knowledge of digital operating environments for the representation and management of historical buildings and sites. On the one hand, the research is advancing in three-dimensional "as-built" modeling based on remote sensing data, while on the other hand is aiming to incorporate more qualitative information based on concepts of production and management in the lifecycle of the built environment. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the different approaches to date on the HBIM generation chain: from 3D point cloud data collection to semantically enriched parametric models.


Summary In this publication, a subdivision of the genus Annenica O. Boettger, 1877 sensu Auct. is proposed. One result of our study is the recognition of the genus Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883 for most of the South Anatolian species of the former genus Armenica. The genus Astrogena Szekeres, 1970, which was synonymised by H. NORDSIECK (1975: 98) with Armenica is redefined and used as a subgenus of Armenica for some species. Extensive recent collections contain new species and subspecies of this genus, which are described here.


Abstract Evaluation of the concrete behavior in elevated temperatures is important in terms of first, structural construction safety under specified loadings, and second, measuring the loading capacity to continue operation. Furthermore, concrete behavior at high temperatures is strongly affected by microstructure. The calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), a nanostructure which is produced by hydration of cement paste, plays a significant role in enhancing the concrete strength under the impression of thermal fluctuations. Hence, this study investigates the microstructural performance of concrete exposed to high temperatures with a special focus on C–S–H nanostructure. Accordingly, 300 samples were cured for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days in a moist room and then exposed to temperature range of 25–900°C for 2 h to investigate changes in their weight, length, compressive strength, and cracking behavior. Besides evaluating the microstructural behavior of the specimens in different temperatures, several techniques such as SEM, EDX, and XRD have been employed. Based on the results, any changes in the samples' length, weight, and compressive strength depend on the C–S–H nanostructure behavior. In fact, following water decomposition from the C–S–H nanostructure at 900°C, the structure is partially converted to porous ceramic. These structural changes have caused a decline of 79–100% of the compressive strength. The compressive strength has decreased from 27.6 MPa to about 6 MPa. Also, the weight loss percentage of 28-days-old sample at this temperature was 18.84%. Based on the SEM and XRD results, this decline under high temperature arises due to the collapse of C–S–H nanostructure and formation of calcium oxide in the cement structure.


A B S T R AC T Automatic reticulocyte counting provides a new approach to reticulocyte analysis, with maturation indices and volume measu rements. The Coulter GEN.S provides such an analysis that includes 7 parameters. After having calculated the normal range values from 1 group of normal donors, we studied the sensitivity and specificity of the va rious indices in diagnosing re g e n e r a t i ve conditions, using 2 groups comprising hemolytic and nonhemolytic samples. With the exception of the immature re t i c u l ocyte fraction (IRF), the sensitivities of the maturation parameters we re found to be greater than the sensitivity of reticulocyte count (91.1% and 88.6%, re s p e c t i vely), generally considered as the m a rker of re g e n e r a t i ve anemia. The specificity of the re s u l t s ranged from 79.4% (IRF) to 95.7% (reticulocyte count). Howe ve r, the IRF appeared more independent of the reticulocyte count than the other maturation parameters, with a stronger relation to hemoglobin values. This finding suggested that the IRF could be an index of ery t h ropoietic activity. The volume parameters (mean reticulocyte volume and mean sphered cell volume) we re found to be closely related to the mean cell volume and should be interpre t e d only in relation to the mean cell vo l u m e . Lab He m a t o l . 1999;5:153-158. K EY WO R D S : He m a t o l o gy automation · Coulter GEN.S · Reticulocyte count · Im m a t u rity index


Named entity recognition (NER) is the task of identifying and classifying named entities from texts. NER can benefit from linguistic dependency information, yet existing NER models can only utilize such information on datasets where dependency annotations are readily available. Dependency parsing (DP) models can be used to generate annotations, which are trained independent of the NER task and can cause error propagation to NER. In this paper, we propose a joint NER and DP model through multi-task learning, which allows the NER and DP modules to benefit from the joint training and provides an end-to-end solution to dependency-guided NER. Our model JOINDER uses a shared contextualized embedder, a word encoder, a biaffine dependency classifier, and a multi-hop dependency-guided NER. Experiments on several standard datasets in four languages show the effectiveness of joint learning and the outstanding performance of JOINDER compared to existing models. Moreover, our model can transfer dependency knowledge to other datasets with no dependency annotat.


The computer controlled system of welding rapid prototyping was introduced.During welding,this system could adjust the weld parameters in real time.Using this system and the analysis of the results,the relationship of weld parameters between weld width and weld height was gotten.The reasons of the depression of weld seam in rapid prototyping were analyzed,which usually happened at the end of welding.And according to the previous research,some measures to resolve the problem were provided.Finally,by the deposit welding experiments of a single-track and multi-layer part and a multi-track and multi-layer part,the test results show that the measures are effective.


Multilevel inverters area unit utilized in varied sectors, further as in domain, for medium voltage and high power applications. MLI generates the specified output within the variety of stepped waveforms with low harmonics. Various voltage levels in MLI can be used to generate alternating voltage with a step structure. With less harmonic distortion, this is similar to sinusoidal waveforms. Traditional MLI has the disadvantage of necessitating a wider range of components, which increases the quality of gate pulse generation. As a consequence, its general price rises. MLI topologies with more power switches have a higher number of harmonics in their output voltage waveform. This work proposes a cascaded H bridge MLI architecture to address these issues. This type of MLI reduces the filter requirement for the production of AC. For modern technical development in industries or power sectors cascaded MLI is used. It has many advantages over the conventional two-level inverter. This topology wants fewer elements once it's compared to the traditional topologies. The most important issue of this investigation is the simulation results of three, five, seven, and nine level Single-Phase CHBMLI, as well as their THD values. The THD is discussed for each level with the help of the simulation result. In this proposed method SPDM technique using Triangular Multiple Carrier waves is used. MATLAB/ SIMULINK software system is employed to simulate all configurations and therefore the results of every level are compared.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network that does not rely on pre-existing fixed communication infrastructures, but constructs instant interconnections among mobile nodes by self-organizing and self-configuring, often through multi-hopping. In ad hoc, mobile wireless networks the routing protocol is a key to efficient operation. The design of an ad hoc routing protocol is extremely challenging because of mobility, limited computational power, unpredictable radio channel behavior and constrained bandwidth. As the network grows large, an additional challenge must be faced: large number of nodes. Large number of nodes leads to large routing tables and high control traffic overhead, which significantly undermines the scalability of routing protocols.
The dissertation research proposes and studies efficient and scalable routing protocols for wireless mobile ad hoc networks in large scale, especially through effective modeling and handling mobility. The dissertation presents Dynamic Landmark Ad Hoc Routing (LANMAR) protocol as a solution to problems incurred by large network size. LANMAR truncates normal routing operations into a small routing scope, and summarizes routes to remote nodes into a few route directions. When running the protocol, not only can the mobility impact be lessened significantly, but also the routing control overhead can be reduced dramatically, leading to high routing efficiency. The scalability of LANMAR is further studied to extend to diversified application and network domains, and more important, to provide an infrastructure-wise solution to a variety of MANET routing protocols through inter-working with them. To increase the robustness and flexibility, we further develop Multiple Landmark Ad Hoc Routing to work in networks with coordinated motion patterns in large-scale or arbitrary-shaped.
The scalability of LANMAR is enabled by characterizing coordinated motion patterns, a not-so-rare phenomenon appearing in large-scale mobile wireless networks. A scheme that recognizes motion affinity among nodes and dynamically organizes them into manageable groups is proposed by the dissertation research. Combined with a group address lookup service, it considerably simplifies mobility management, and for large-scale networks, enables summarized routes over the groups.


Starting as a backward linkage industry, the plastics sector in Bangladesh is achieving aremarkable growth and expansion to become one of the most promising sectors contributing 1.20 per cent of the country's GDP with a total investment of Tk 185.5 billion holding a market share of only 0.01% against the global demands of $590 billion with the ranking of 89 in world exports. Out ofavailable 5,000 plastic industries almost 98 percent belongs to SME. Despite having remarkable achievement with almost 500% growth in export over the past twelve years, Bangladesh plastics industry has been suffering from lack of strategic planned direction towards achieving long-term sustainable inclusive growth. In this study, a thorough analysis of the relevant issues using Triple Triangle Framework (TTF) model helped to understand the competition dynamics of the BangladeshSME Plastic Industry through the identification of challenges and opportunities relevant to the sector.


Objective To evaluate the drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and investigate the drug-resistance actuality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods 285 isolates from the tuberculosis patients in Anhui province were subject to microbial susceptibility testing against 5 anti-tuberculosis drugs(isonicotinyl-hydrazide, Refampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol,p-aminos-allcylic acid) by using Absolute Concentration Method to verify the drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results Of the 285 M.Tuberculosis isolates, the drug-resistance rate was 56.8%, in which the rate of aingle drug resistance and multiple drug resistance (MDR) were 11.2% and 45.2%, respectively. Conclusion Of the M.Tuberculosis isolates, the rate of MDR is very high, therefore we should push DOTs program and put an end to the irregular drug taken in the patients so as to reduce the drug-resistance rate.


With the increasing demands of livestock production, grasslands are under pressure from over‐intensified grazing. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilization is widely employed to meet the nutrient demands of heavy grazing. Although soil ammonia‐oxidizers play a critical role in determining N dynamics after fertilizer application, their responses to fertilization are still not well understood in steppe grassland systems. Here, the individual and combined effects of N (0, 7.5 and 15 g N m−2 year−1) and P (0, 3.27, 6.55 and 13.09 g P m−2 year−1) applications on soil ammonia‐oxidizers were explored in the Tibetan alpine steppe. Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) abundance and community composition were examined using qPCR, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone libraries. Results showed that AOB diversity was significantly increased by N fertilization and decreased by P fertilization. The abundance of AOB was significantly increased by N fertilization and its interactive effects with P application. In contrast, AOA community diversity and abundance remained unaffected by either N or P application. The AOB abundance and diversity were affected by the direct effects of N fertilization, as well as its indirect effects of N application through available N and ammonium (NH4+), and further analysis showed that NH4+ and pH were the main factors. The changes to the ammonia‐oxidizing community altered the total N content of plants and the N:P ratio of Gramineae. Plant P properties were influenced by P addition, which also interacted with soil pH and available N to indirectly affect AOB. Overall, AOB exhibited stronger responses to N and P fertilization of alpine steppe grassland than AOA, and appear to play a critical role in plant nutrient absorption under fertilization management.


Despite a plethora of education, engineering, and enforcement-related intervention, the pernicious problem that is young driver road safety remains of global interest. Compared with more experienced drivers, young novice drivers have been found to have deficits in situation awareness skills (SAS), which is an essential repertoire of knowledge and abilities in perceiving, comprehending, and appropriately responding to a breadth of driving risks (projection). Current practice requirements in Queensland, Australia, do not incorporate SAS-specific training for parents, the most common supervisor of novice drivers. This study evaluates the impact of SAFER, a SAS-acquisition acceleration "game" in which parents foster SAS in their child during the period before licensure, on novice driver SAS at learner licensure. Sixty parent–pre-learner dyads were recruited from the Sunshine Coast and randomly allocated to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 29). Using a SAS-based coding taxonomy, SAS was measured via simulator-based verbal commentary protocol at learner licensure as part of a larger longitudinal project. Intervention learners exhibited significantly greater SAS (perception/comprehension/projection of breadth of driving risks), than control learners. Intervention learners exhibited significantly less perception, and considerably greater perception/comprehension/projection SAS than intervention parents. Currently, in Queensland's licensing program there is limited support for parents/other supervisors of learner drivers, and no SAS-focused intervention is available. SAFER is an innovative SAS-acquisition acceleration intervention that has been shown to build SAS even before the young novice is licensed to drive. A larger state-wide pilot is in development to explore the merit of incorporating SAFER within Queensland's graduated driver licensing program.


Homeobox B7 (HOXB7) is a master regulatory gene that regulates cell proliferation and activates oncogenic pathways. Overexpression of HOXB7 correlates with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. However, the expression and role of HOXB7 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we observed that most samples from patients with oropharyngeal cancer and HNSCC expressed HOXB7. As no direct inhibitor has been reported, we identified a potent peptide epitope to target HOXB7‐expressing tumors through immune cells. A novel HOXB7‐derived peptide epitope (HOXB78–25) elicited antigen‐specific and tumor‐reactive promiscuous CD4+ T cell responses. These CD4+ T cells produced γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) and had the direct ability to kill tumors through granzyme B. Notably, downregulation of HOXB7 using siRNA enhanced human leukocyte antigen class II expression on tumor cells by decreasing the phosphorylation of MAPK. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibition augmented IFN‐γ production by HOXB7‐reactive CD4+ T cell responses without decreasing the expression of HOXB7. These results suggest that combining HOXB7 peptide‐based vaccine with MAPK inhibitors could be an effective immunological strategy for cancer treatment.


The dynamic design of graphic language can be seen everywhere in life as the digital media era progresses. Graphic designs, such as product packaging, poster design, book binding design, and logo design, are examples of traditional visual design. The print media is the most important factor. Graphic design that is aided by digital media technology is not limited to print but also includes network media. The teaching research of China's visual design specialty is still in its early stages, the relevant teaching system reform of various colleges and universities is still being explored, and there is no unified standard in the digital information age. As a result, it is critical to conduct in-depth research using scientific and systematic methods in order to pave the way for the development of a domestic visual design specialty in the information age. Simultaneously, the popularization and development of new media have had a significant impact on traditional printing media, breaking the monotony of traditional visual communication and making modern visual design more vivid and intuitive. Visual perception in psychology is introduced into design thinking in this paper. Apart from its expression in art culture, the concept of space also encompasses the physics concepts of time and space, as well as the scientific research theory of visual perception in psychology, which transcends the perceptual cognition level of space in art design.


Parameters for Attenuation and Suppression of Detonation Wave with Inert Particles Pavel A. Fomin*, Aleksandr V. Fedorov, Jenq-Renn Chen Lavrent'ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Novosibirsk 630090 Russia Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Institutskaya 4/1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824 Taiwan email@example.com


Among the microorganisms received for confirma tion as Salm onellaor Sh ige lla t ypes , a large number belong to nei ther group but are paracolon, col iform, or other enter ic bac te r i a . For example, Ewing and Bruner (8) reported that 39 percen t of the cul tures submit ted to them were Pro teus , paracolons , et c . , rather than Salm onella or Shige lla t ypes . The aim of th i s paper i s to out l ine procedures which should aid in the el iminat ion of ex t raneous bac te r i a in the laboratory in which they are i sola ted and by which p robable Salm onella and Sh ige l la cul tures may be di f ferent ia ted. Th e procedures out l ined here are based upon the wr i ter s' experi ence gained during the bac te r io logi  cal examinat ion of f ecal specimens , r ec tal swabs , urine sedimen ts , and cu l tures der ived from these sources. The sub jec t will be p resen ted f irs t in a general way and then the dif ferent iat ion of sa l monel lae and s h i g e l l a e w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d separately. There are severa l important point s to be con sidered in the original t reatment of the specimen. In baci l l ary dysentery and gas t roente r i t is or enter ic fever caused by salmone l l ae , it i s important to make cul tures in the acute s tage of the d i s e a s e , s ince the number of causa t ive microorganisms in the stool d iminishes rapidly and late cul tures are likely to be nega t ive . Ear ly in the d i s e a s e , pat i en t s ' s too l s are fecal in cha racter and are formed. T h i s s tage is followed by a se r i e s of watery evacua t ions which contain sh r ed s of mucous, and often, e spec ia l ly in baci l l ary dysentery, macro scop ic blood. If the mucous sh red s are washed in ster i le physiologica l sa l ine solut ion and then cultured direct ly by s t r eaking over the su r face of the plat ing medium, the inci t ing microorganism usual ly can be i sola ted . F'urther, it is very impor tant that the specimen be cul tured as quickly as poss ible after i ts col lec t ion. One of the b e s t pro cedures i s to del ive r the s tool in the pan direct ly to the laboratory, so tha t the bac te r io log i s t can WILLIAM H. EWING, Bac ter io log i s t and PHILIP R. EDWARDS, Bac ter io log i s t


Using economic data for the period between 1979 and 1995 for forty-six large federal and unitary developing nations, I analyze the impact of political federalism in the developing world on a number of measures of national economic adjustment, volatility, and crisis. The findings suggest that federalism in the ten nations where it operates has, as theoretically predicted, a negative effect on macroeconomic performance and reform. I argue that the macroeconomic and fiscal imbalances experienced by these federal nations are, in part, structurally determined by their devolved political and fiscal institutions that create incentives for subnational governments to avoid the political costs of fiscal adjustment. he political economy of stabilization and adjustment in developing nations has been a central topic of comparativists for nearly two decades. In large part this interest has been a response to the increases in international trade and capital flows, collectively known as globalization, which have increased the incentives for developing nations to discard statist models of development in favor of free market policies. With globalization, the capacity of developing nations to maintain macroeconomic stability increasingly determines their success in the search for international investment, competitiveness, and economic growth. As a result, questions about the ability of nations to adjust their economies to this reality have assumed tremendous importance. Under what conditions do governments carry through politically distasteful macroeconomic reforms? What are the key political and economic institutions that mediate a nation's insertion into and relationship with the global economy? What are the political preconditions for successful free market reforms? In addressing these questions, most research has followed in the steps of political economists such as Cameron (1984) and Gourevitch (1986), emphasizing the importance of national level institutions as mediators between the international economy and domestic politics, largely ignoring the complicated relationship between market-oriented reform efforts and the decentralization of political and fiscal power inherent in federal political systems. Likewise, the literature on the reform of the state has failed to explore the implications of federalism and subnational institutions for macroeconomic management in developing nations characterized by the devolution of political and economic power from central to provincial governments. In contrast' this research takes as its central point of theoretical departure the potentially negative consequences of federalism in the developing world for economic adjustment to the challenges of globalization.' I


Provides theoretical background for examining the development of self‐managed work teams as a total quality management (TQM) intervention at the employee level. Briefly summarizes the current knowledge regarding self‐managed work teams within the context of sociotechnical system design. Discusses the origins of the self‐managed work team, design features, conditions for successful implementation, and barriers to effectiveness. Presents one organization′s experience with self‐managed work teams to demonstrate the fundamental nature of the change required in implementing this TQM strategy.


Working capital management is one of the most important and challenging aspect of the overall financial management that needs a series consideration in firm's financial decision. Efficient management of WC is a fundamental part of the overall corporate strategy in creating value. In light of this the purpose of this study is to examine impact of working capital management on profitability of micro and small enterprises with special reference to Bahir Dar city administration using a sample of 67 micro and small enterprises. Data for this study was collected from the financial statements of the enterprises listed on Bahir Dar city micro and small enterprises agency for the year 2003. Variables entered in this study were number of days accounts receivable, number of days inventory, number of day's accounts payable, cash conversion cycle controlling for CATA ratio, CLTA ratio GEAR and enterprise size. This study applied Pearson's correlation and OLS regression with a cross sectional analysis. The result shows that there is a strong positive relationship between number of days accounts payable and enterprises profitability. However, number of days accounts receivable, number of days inventory and cash conversion cycle have a significant negative impact on profitability. By shortening cash conversion cycle an enterprise's profitability be increased.


SUMMARY Analytical expressions are derived for the electromagnetic (EM) fields observed in the vicinity of a vertical dipole source, due to the response of resistive layer embedded in a conductive background. The analytical expressions for the fields observed at zero offset are validated by comparison to the numerical integration of the Bessel-Fourier integral. It is found that the structure of the fields is remarkably different compared to that observed at far offsets, which is described by the residue of the Bessel-Fourier integral at the position of the so called resistive layer pole. Indeed the cylindrical wave front behavior of the far offset fields does not apply anymore at close distances from the source. The derived expressions show that at near offsets it is not possible to identify a preferential radial propagation direction, where furthermore the energy flux appears to change direction with offset. The spectral and spatial distribution of the fields are very similar to that of the image of the primary source, this suggests that the response of the layer can be replaced by a another superimposing image component.


Abstract : Electroabsorptive devices made with quantum wells and bulk III-V semiconductors are proving to be useful for both optical modulation and optical logic elements. For many applications, the saturation of this electroabsorption at high optical intensities is a serious problem. For example, both external modulators and SEEDs display contrast saturation at high power. A decrease in bandwidth at high power has also been observed. Although phase-space filling is believed to be the dominant mechanism of absorption saturation in the absence of a field in MQWs, Cavicchi demonstrated that large photogenerated hole populations could screen fields applied to MQWS.


The FLUKA Monte Carlo code has been widely applied and benchmarked in recent years to problems related to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. Applications range from fundamental cosmic ray and neutrino physics, to doses to commercial aircraft and space radiation issues in low orbit or in deep space. The main results of interest for fundamental physics concern the fluences of particle in atmosphere and a selection of results are reviewed. As far as applications are concerned, a review of calculations of relevance for aircraft crew dosimetry will be presented. Recently, the FLUKA database has been extended to include the spectra of the SEP events of October 28th 2003 and of January 20th 2005 for which detailed data exist for the light and heavy components. The GCR and SEP spectra have been used to compute absorbed doses, and dose equivalent for various organs as well as averaged over the whole body, for idealized spacecrafts and lunar shelters.


In solid-state physics, alkali metals are usually considered as s-band-weakly-correlated systems and this view was recently supported by the qualitative success of a H\"uckel topological description in the prediction of the structures of small alkali-metal clusters. Paradoxically ab initio calculations show the dramatic role played by p atomic orbitals and electronic correlation. An ab initio diabatic analysis of the diatom establishes that the p atomic orbitals are essentially involved through the angular electronic correlation of the ionic valence-bond structures and a lowering of the energy of these forms. From accurate calculations on ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, nonempirical s-band interactions are determined and the corresponding two-body Hamiltonian appears to predict correctly both energies and structures of small ${\mathrm{Li}}_{\mathit{n}}$, ${\mathrm{Li}}_{\mathit{n}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{Li}}_{\mathit{n}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ clusters. Precise comparisons with ab initio results show, however, the influence of collective effects in the p band, the interaction with the low-lying molecular orbitals (MO's) of the p band stabilizing the highest occupied MO's of the s band.


In September 1995, Edenton was devastated when Unifi, a manufacturer based in Greensboro, announced that it was closing the Edenton Cotton Mill, the town's largest employer since 1898. The loss of 100 steady manufacturing jobs was enormous for this community, whose total population was only 5,000. The employees at the Cotton Mill were tremendously productive and many were long-time employees; but their skill levels were low, as is the case with most textile jobs, and the town was presented with the daunting task of helping the displaced employees find new jobs. In addition to the increased unemployment, the closure represented a huge loss in property tax revenue: Unifi was one of the top five taxpayers in Edenton. The closing announcement also included a plan to either demolish or sell the mill houses in the Mill Village. Retirees who had lived in the Mill Village all their lives were faced with the very real prospect of being evicted from their homes. The thought of having to help relocate 25 families made many of the town leaders realize how severe the "ripple" effect of the plant closing would be. As soon as the closing deadline was narrowed down to Christmastime of that year, officials began brainstorming their response to this calamity. Town leaders feared that the mill closing would quickly lead to a blighted neighborhood, but they had even more concerns about the demolition of the Cotton Mill and mill houses. Fortunately, a town councilman was also on the Board of Directors for Preservation North Carolina (PNC). Councilman Sam Dixon swiftly initiated contact with PNC, a state-wide non-profit, and town and county officials met with state elected representatives to solicit support for their request that Unifi donate the property to PNC. Public/private partnerships were quickly forged, and by December 1995 local leaders had convinced the owners to donate the Cotton Mill and its 44 acres to the non-profit PNC—saving the mill and Mill Village from demolition, and preserving Edenton's strong sense of place. Following the donation, the Town worked in conjunction with PNC to rezone the property from "Industrial Warehouse" to "Residential and Neighborhood Commercial," retaining the mixed-use nature of the neighborhood but allowing for rehabilitation and reuse. Edenton's Historic Preservation Commission and Planning Board worked with PNC to nominate the property to the National Register of Historic Places, so that potential buyers would be eligible for tax credits for renovation. The Town Council unanimously favored these changes, and as evidenced by the number of people attending the public hearings, there was overwhelming community support for both initiatives. The Town and PNC worked tirelessly to entice and partner with private investors to rehabilitate the mills and Mill Village houses. In order to bring the public into decisions about the type of development that would occur in the mills, the two parties held public information sessions, entertainment events, and public hearings inviting citizen input. Proposed occupants for the Cotton Mill and Peanut Mill buildings included the Chowan Arts Council, the public library, offices, a brewery, condominiums, a café, or all of these. The Town initially thought the best use for the Cotton Mill would be a public arts facility, but this plan was not financially feasible. Shortly thereafter, PNC began marketing the mill to private developers; several developers attempted but failed to identify viable uses for the building. In 2001, a North Carolina doctor named Thomas Wilson proposed turning the Cotton Mill into residential condominiums. Dr. Wilson had first been introduced to the situation while working in Chowan Hospital's emergency room. When he conceived of developing the mill as residential property, he sought the advice of


162 pp. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Maps, charts, tables, illus. Update adopted January 1987; most recently published April 1, 2000. Scanned by UO from item HT168 .E9E93 2000, April, 2009.


Leucorrhoea is an unusual discharge other than blood from the vagina, whether it smells or doesn't. One of the factors that influence the incidence of vaginal discharge is the use of antiseptic. Antiseptic soap which is now widely used by teenagers because of their desire to try. Because vaginal discharge sometimes adolescents choose to reduce by using an antiseptic soap. The incidence of vaginal discharge in students of the psychology faculty of the Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo is very high, namely 80%. The research objective was to determine the relationship between the use of antiseptic soap and the incidence of vaginal discharge. The research design used a cross sectional data approach and presented in the form of cross tabulations, then the chi square test was performed. Samples were obtained from the entire population of students in semester 2 of the psychology faculty of Muhammadiyah University as many as 30 female students. With the inclusion criteria aged 18-21 years who experienced vaginal discharge and used antiseptic soap. The data used are primary data with a questionnaire presented in the form of a frequency table, cross tabulation is carried out by the chi square test to determine the existence of a relationship. The results showed that half of female students (50.0%) used antiseptic soap well and most (66.7%) experienced physiological vaginal discharge. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the use of anisepticsoap and the incidence of vaginal discharge.


The positive fictitious principle in the Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (CK Law) exists to facilitate investment and simplify licensing. However, the provisions in the CK Law, which exclude the role of the Administrative Court in fictitious applications have the potential to cause injustice and legal uncertainty in society. That research focuses on examining the positive fictitious principle's existence after the CK Law's enactment in the paradigm of prophetic law. The paradigm of prophetic regulation was chosen in this study as an effort to explore the theological (divine) and human dimensions in positive fictitious formulations as in CK Law. This research is a normative legal type of research with a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that in terms of the three aspects of prophetic law, namely transcendence, liberation, and humanization, the provisions of the CK Law, which no longer involve the role of the Administrative Court and have not issued Presidential Regulations regarding positive fiction can cause uncertainty and injustice in society. That makes the substance of the prophetic law in the positive fictitious provisions in the CK Law not be realized optimally. Orientation based on the prophetic legal paradigm in regulating the positive fictitious principle after regulation in the CK Law, according to the author, can be done by revising the positive fictitious provisions in the CK Law by returning the competence of the State Administrative Court.


Although the fascinatingly rich crystal chemistry of honeycomb layered oxides has been accredited as the propelling force behind their remarkable electrochemistry, the atomistic mechanisms surrounding their operations remain unexplored. Thus, herein, we present an extensive molecular dynamics study performed systematically using a reliable set of inter-atomic potential parameters of A2Ni2TeO6
(where A = Li, Na, and K). We demonstrate the effectiveness of the Vashishta-Rahman form of the inter-atomic potential in reproducing various structural and transport properties of this promising class of materials and predict an exponential increase in cationic diffusion with larger inter-layer distances. The simulations demonstrate the correlation between broadened inter-layer (inter-slab) distances associated with the larger ionic radii of K and Na compared to Li and the enhanced cationic conduction exhibited in K2Ni2TeO6 and
Na2Ni2TeO6 relative to Li2Ni2TeO6. Whence, our findings connect lower potential energy barriers, favourable cationic paths and wider bottleneck size along the cationic diffusion channel within frameworks (comprised of larger mobile cations) to the improved cationic diffusion experimentally observed in honeycomb layered oxides. Furthermore, we elucidate the role of inter-layer distance and cationic size in cationic diffusion. Our theoretical studies reveal the dominance of inter-layer distance over cationic size, a crucial insight into the further performance enhancement of honeycomb layered oxides.


The capacity to resist perturbations from the environment is crucial to the survival of all organisms. We quantitatively analyze the susceptibility of protein interaction networks of numerous organisms to random and targeted failures. We find for all organisms studied that random rewiring improves protein network robustness, so that actual networks are more fragile than rewired surrogates. This unexpected fragility contrasts with the behavior of networks such as the Internet, whose robustness decreases with random rewiring. We trace this surprising effect to the modular structure of protein networks. Introduction. – Over the past two decades, prodigiously detailed maps of protein interaction networks (PPIs) have been produced [1,2]. These networks in principle present a record of all metabolic processes and their inter-relations, but in practice the number of chemical actors and the complexity of their interactions make the networks difficult to decipher [3]. In this letter, we show that notwithstanding their apparent complexity, it is possible to establish common features of protein networks starting from a few simple principles [4–6]. We begin with the observation, illustrated in fig. 1, that biological protein networks involve both common processes that all cells must use (e.g. enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle, marked with red labels) and what are termed modular processes [7–9] that appear only in special situations (e.g. guidance molecules used only during particular circumstances, such as development, reproduction, or response to heat stress, indicated by blue labels). As we will show, this modular organization produces common, and predictable, network properties shared by all organisms studied. We focus in particular on the fragility of biological networks a property of manifest importance for survival to failures by interruption of individual protein function. To this end, we evaluate the extent to which PPI of 20 different organisms ranging from bacteria and plants to homo sapiens (table 1) can be disrupted by either random or targeted failures. The modular construction shown in fig. 1 consists of a highly interconnected core of proteins, accompanied by satellite clusters with "hub" proteins weakly connected to the core. As a consequence, three predictions can readily be made. First, this type of network can be expected to be vulnerable to failures that interrupt the few hub proteins, but should be comparatively robust against errors that interrupt any of the more numerous proteins attached to 'spokes' of these hubs [8]. Thus random errors are unlikely to significantly interrupt function, while malfunction of one or more hub proteins is likely to disrupt the network. Second, through countless generations of failures we expect evolution to have tuned biological networks to be more robust against failures than statistically comparable, but non-biological, networks. Third, through the same reasoning we expect biological networks to be optimal in that alternative interconnections should worsen robustness. As we will show, these predictions are largely correct, but admit unexpected and revealing failures. To test these predictions, we compare known protein networks with surrogates that are as statistically similar as possible, having the same size and degree distribution as true biological networks, by performing a sequence of randomly chosen switches of connections between pairs of nodes {(i, j), (k, `)} → {(i, `), (k, j)} in a network, so that each node preserves its number of neighbors [10]. The randomizing algorithm is repeated TM times, where TM


The textile sector has been critical to the country's economic prosperity. The current state of Pakistan's textile industry has been discussed in this paper. The textile industry makes up the majority of Pakistan's overall export GDP. But the share on the worldwide market is insignificant. The main reason is that global competition is growing. Pakistan textile exports' primary problem is the quality and variety of goods produced. To survive in a more liberalized and competitive world, we will investigate modern techniques for producing high-value-added goods and how we can increase Pakistan's textile and clothing exports to the international market. We will use core entrepreneurial concepts to explain the export performance of Pakistan's early internationalizing textile firms. It contributes to IE's network and international opportunity-based perspectives by combining the twin notions of exploration and exploitation into a dynamic capability viewpoint and demonstrating how these concepts affect export performance. Furthermore, both network exploitation and exploration capabilities have a beneficial effect on international opportunity exploitation and exploration capabilities are analyzed.


We derive a connection between the fourth coefficient of the short-distance Taylor expansion of the one-body correlation function, and the local three-body correlation function of the Lieb-Liniger model of $\delta$-interacting spinless bosons in one dimension. This connection, valid at arbitrary interaction strength, involves the fourth moment of the density of quasi-momenta. Generalizing recent conjectures, we propose approximate analytical expressions for the fourth coefficient covering the whole range of repulsive interactions, validated by comparison with accurate numerics. In particular, we find that the fourth coefficient changes sign at interaction strength $\gamma_c\simeq 3.816$, while the first three coefficients of the Taylor expansion of the one-body correlation function retain the same sign throughout the whole range of interaction strengths.


INTRODUCTION
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiinfectives affect especially hospitalized children and contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and costs in healthcare systems.

OBJECTIVE
To assess ADRs associated with antiinfectives use in Brazilian hospitalized children.

METHODS
A prospective cohort study was conducted in five public hospitals over six months. Children aged 0 to 11 years and 11 months who were hospitalized for more than 48 hours and prescribed antiinfectives for over 24 hours were included.

RESULTS
A total of 1.020 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 152 patients experienced 183 suspected ADRs. Most reactions were related to the gastrointestinal system (65.6%), followed by skin reactions (18.6%). Most reactions were classified as probable causality (58.5%), moderate severity (61.1%), and unavoidable (56.2%). Our findings showed that ADRs were associated with increased length of stay (p < 0.001), increased length of therapy (p <0.015), increased days of therapy (p = 0.038), and increased number of antiinfectives prescribed per patient (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Almost 15% of hospitalized children exposed to antiinfectives presented suspected ADRs. Their occurrence was classified as probable, of moderate severity, and unavoidable. ADRs were significantly influenced by the length of hospital stay and the number of antiinfectives prescribed per patient.


Abstract 1.1. A method is presented in which plasma phospholipids can be determined in 0.2 ml. of plasma. 2.2. The method is simpler and more rapid than methods involving the use of fat solvents. 3.3. In addition to phospholipid phosphorus, the method lends itself to the determination of inorganic plasma phosphate.


The results of numerical and experimental works dealing with the behavior of gas flow through microchannels are by no means univocal, sometimes agreeing with the classical correlations and other times contradicting them. It is now agreed upon that the effects due to both rarefaction and compressibility must be accounted for. In addition, the experimental works have demonstrated that sometimes compressibility and rarefaction effects can be coupled in microchannels: because these two actions contrast each other, the scatter of the friction factor data for gaseous flows is remarkably large. This paper is aimed at determining the friction factor for commercial short and long Peek microtubes with nominal internal diameters between 300 and 100 μ m and values of the length-to-diameter ratio, L/D, ranging between 167 and 5000. Nitrogen flows inside the microtubes, with a maximum value of the supply pressure equal to 10 bar. Very low Knudsen numbers (Kn < 0.001) are considered in order to uncouple the rarefaction effects from the compressibility effects. The role of the minor losses related to the inlet and outlet of the test section and of the gas compressibility on the friction factor are analyzed and discussed in order to draw their limit of significance in microchannels. In addition, the effects of the gas compressibility and of the L/D ratio on the critical Reynolds number for which the laminar to turbulent transition takes place will be analyzed and discussed by comparing the experimental results with the other data published in the literature.


Stable, porous, and bulky beta zeolite particles (bulky-beta) with high external surface area and large pore volume were fabricated from the self-assembly of beta nanocrystals with cationic polymer...


We develop here a rigorous homogenization approach applied to dense cubic arrays of magnetodielectric spheres, in order to determine their first-principle bulk constitutive parameters. We carefully model their electromagnetic response and assess the validity and limitations of commonly used approximate homogenization models for metamaterials. In particular, we show that, in regimes for which exotic wave propagation is obtained, near the array resonances and for especially dense arrays, more rigorous homogenization models are necessary, including magneto-electric coupling and weak spatial dispersion effects. We apply our findings to the design of negative-index metamaterial devices, and compare their scattering properties with those of our homogenized model. The comparison of near-field distributions shows remarkable agreement and confirms that a proper homogenization model can indeed correctly capture the physics and complex wave propagation in exotic metamaterial arrays.


Most criticality experiments and excursion models deal with single units of fissile material. In this paper, the authors report on the development of a model to predict the results of a hypothetical excursion involving an array of fissile units. The array of interest in this work consists of a planar array of several polyethylene bottles, each containing a low-enriched solution of uranyl fluoride. The computer model calculates the power history, the total number of fissions, the total system reactivity, and the temperature of each bottle in the array. The model employs point neutronis coupled with simple lumped parameter feedback. The most important feedback effect considered is temperature. Temperature effects are treated using a single factor that describes both Doppler and thermal expansion effects.


Enabling mothers in labour to monitor their baby's heart is improving maternal and neonatal outcomes in Liberia. Tatum Anderson reports.


At last year's Pharmacy Assistant conference, pharmacy assistants had an opportunity to talk about topics that were close to their hearts and tell us what they really want from their suppliers and industry representatives. It was no surprise that pharmacy assistants want to play a part in driving our industry into the next evolution and do whatever it takes to improve the health and wellbeing of our communities.


To establish a bourgeois-democratic republic is the political objective Sun Yat-sen devoted his whole life to pursuing. After Kuomingtang's first session,Sun Yat-sen,in order to go with the tide of historical development and meet the need of revolutionary development,while expounding systematically his new Three People's Principles,explained his basic thoughts on the establishment of a bourgeois-democratic country from many angles.


During the ninth Five Year Plan digital seismological observation networks have been established in China In the process of the transition from analog seismological observations to digital ones a number of work should be improved and perfected continuously,from the management and maintenance of instruments to the observation and analysis of earthquakes Based on the one year observation and analysis using the digital seismographs at our station, the present paper has summed up the experiences and lessons encountered in our rutine observation and analysis work in order to enhance the level of the digital seismological observation and analysis work


This paper deals with five new species of the genus Scaphotettix from China. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University(IEGU) and Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry (NWSUAF). 1. Scaphotettix redstripeus Li et Wang, sp, nov. (Figs.1~7) Length (incl. tegm.): ♂ 5.1~5.2 mm, ♀ 5.2~5.4 mm. This new species is similar to Scaphotettix viridis Matsumura, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: 1) basal margin of face without black transverse line; 2) pronotum with a broad transverse band scarlet;3) base of aedeagus with a pair of spines. Holotype: ♂, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 14-Ⅴ-1997, coll. YANG Mao-fa; Paratypes: 1♂, 2♀♀, same data as holotype. 2. Scaphotettix splinterus Li et Wang, sp. nov. (Figs.8~12) Length (incl. tegm.): ♂ 4.1~4.2 mm. This new species is related to Scaphotettix indicus (Distant), but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: 1) basal margin of face without black transverse line; 2) aedeagal shaft straight; 3) length of connective arm is as nine times long as stem. Holotype:♂, Dianbai County, Guangdong Province, 12-Ⅳ-1983, coll. ZHANG Ya-lin; Paratype: 1♂, Shennongjia, Hubei Province, 11-Ⅷ-1997, coll. YANG Mao-fa. 3. Scaphotettix longistyleus Li et Wang, sp. nov. (Figs.13~17) Length (incl. tegm.): ♂ 5.0 mm. This new species is similar to Scaphotettix indicus (Distant), but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: 1) pygofer side rectangular; 2) subgenital plate very long; 3) end of aedeagus twisted. Holotype: ♂, Mengla, Yunnan Province, 24-Ⅳ-1994, coll. DU Yu-zhou. 4. Scaphotettix slenderus Li et Wang, sp. nov. (Figs.18~23) Length (incl. tegm.): ♂ 3.8 mm. This new species is related to Scaphotettix redundans (Distant), but differs from the latter by the following characteristics: pronotum with fulvus spots, basal margin of face without black transverse line, and pygofer side without process. Holotype: ♂, Sanming City, Fujian Province, 07-Ⅹ-1978. 5. Scaphotettix fanjingensis Li et Wang, sp. nov. (Figs.24~28) Length (incl. tegm.): ♂ 5.8 mm. This new species is similar to Scaphotettix quadrifidus Viraktamath et Mohan, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: 1) posterior area of pronotum brown; 2) basal margin of face withtout black transverse line; 3) end of aedeagus with two adverse processes. Holotype: ♂, Mt. Fanjing, Guizhou Province, 03-Ⅷ-2001, coll. LI Zi-zhong.


Nida's functional equivalence enjoys a great popularity among translation theories,which plays an indispensable role in the practices of translation.Bulrush in the Crowds is a lyric prose cloaked in melancholy atmosphere.This prose is written in simple but lively,vivid language.It is also highly readable,with flexible structures and various writing techniques.Short and condensed casual sentences are widely employed in this prose.Furthermore,it is good at using figure of speech.Thus,when translation is conducted,mood,structure,style and rhetorical devices should be taken into consideration.


The paper discusses the researcher's ongoing experience in building a community portal for (underserved) children in Malaysia. This project is a joint venture between the E-Community Research Center, National University of Malaysia, and a government agency, as an effort to bridge digital divide in Malaysia. Children have been identified as one of the marginalized groups due to their economic status/power and also limited access to the Internet. Taking into account the fact that a great number of marginalized or underserved children in Malaysia have very limited access to the Internet due to the imbalanced user/computer ratio at government agencies' initiated telecenters, this portal is designed with the primary objective of providing children with a quick access channel or contact access point (CAP) to a myriad of services such as education and entertainment available on the net. In other words, this portal is planned in such a way to give more children the opportunity to access the Internet within the limited time they can afford and the limited facility available. The discussion will include the challenges and lessons learned at the different stages involved such as the planning stage, the design stage as well as the testing stage.


Abstract A straightforward application of Metropolis Monte Carlo method to a protein system has proven to be inefficient owing to the serious anisotropy of the conformational energy surface. We propose the Valley Restrained Monte Carlo procedure, that predicts the topology of the energy hyper-surface using statistical and empirical data, as a method to improve the sampling efficiency. It calculates the Valley Function which goes along the valley between local minima in the energy surface and then reinforces the sampling of the region near the Valley Function in Monte Carlo Procedure. Valley Restrained Monte Carlo procedure samples the minima and the path along the lowest energy barrier between local minima more frequently, it reduces trapping in local minima and increases the convergence rate. This method is successfully applied to a model energy surface, the blocked alanine dipeptide (Ac-Ala-NHMe) and the pentapeptide Met-enkeplain (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH). The comparison between Valley Restrained Mont...


Objective: Lymphomatous effusions of the body cavity may be the presenting feature or develop later as a complication of systemic disease. The detection rate of lymphoma in cytologic specimen is low, especially in the absence of clinical details and ancillary studies. The present study was carried out to identify light microscopic features that are useful in identifying lymphomas on effusion cytology.
Methods: A 5-year retrospective study of all patients with fluid cytology or tissue biopsy reported as suspicious or positive for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a tertiary care was done. The cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed.
Results: A total of 27 cases were included in the study. Correlation with the histopathological sections of all the positive cases revealed that the cytomorphology of the abnormal lymphoid cells was monomorphous and similar to those seen in the tissue biopsy. Mercury drop karyorrhexis when present was characteristic of lymphomatous effusions. The detection rates of large cell lymphomas are higher than low-grade counterparts. Non-lymphomatous effusions showed heterogeneous lymphoid cell population and lacked karyorrhexis.
Conclusion: Lymphomas can give rise to effusions. In the absence of resources in developing countries, it is important to distinguish lymphomatous effusion from a reactive process based on morphology. Monomorphous population of the lymphoid cells and presence of mercury drop karyorrhexis are useful morphological clues in identifying a lymphomatous effusion. Further, tuberculosis is a common non-neoplastic process that can be mistaken for a low-grade NHL.


At low concentration a simplified model of organic dye-surfactant system has been used to evaluate. By applying the resultant three parameter equation to the experimental data, values for the equilibrium constants for the ion-pair formation , surfactant molecule addition to aggregates and dye aggregation reactions could be calculated and changes of free energy have obtained from its values. and values were larger than those expected electrostatic interaction indicatihng a hydrophobic contribution and the values were about 10~20 times higher than those found for association in pure aqueous solutions which can be ascribed to the screening effect of the electrostatic repulsion.섂돀棋�⨀塨�⨀炏⨀餂돐袅�⨀


Abstract The diversity of festivals in Finnmark, Norway, was researched with the aim of creating a festival map of the county's Festivalscape. Data were collected by questionnaires to the registered festival managers. It was concluded that Finnmark is a festive county where 72,000 people share close to 60 festivals arranged annually in 19 municipalities across the county. The festivals were categorized as either music, arts, sports or market festivals, however the largest group were named thematic festivals as they are each built around rather unique themes, thus representing a diverse example of festival variety and creativity. Even so, live music and food sales are found at most festivals, and all festivals have more than one main activity. Festivals are by no means a source of paid employment for the inhabitants, but rich opportunities for more than 3000 volunteers to participate in creating compressed cultural expressions and develop social networks. The number of visitors at the festivals varies from 100 to 10,000 persons. It is also a cost effective way of culture production as most of the festivals present budgets below 500,000 NOK. Entrance fees, sales of merchandise, sponsorship and public municipality funding are the most important source of sponsorship. A wide range of themes are represented in these festivals in which ethnicity, nationality and various border themes also play roles as ideological bases and cultural framing of the events. The tourism potential of the festivals and their actual production processes seems underdeveloped.


This study investigated the received signal strength and the propagation profiles for UHF channel 23, broadcast signal in Ondo State, Nigeria, at various elevation levels. The signal strength was measured quantitatively across the state along several routes with the aid of a digital field strength meter. A global positioning system (GPS) receiver was used to determine the elevation above ground level, the geographic coordinates and the line of sight of the various data points from the base station. Data obtained were used to plot the elevation and propagation profiles of the signal along measurement's routes. Results showed that the signal strength was strongest towards the northern parts with respect to distance compared to other routes with the same distance contrary to inverse square law. The threshold signal level for the station was 20dBμV which was recorded up to 50km line of sight from the transmitter towards the northern parts of the state where higher levels of elevation of data locations were recorded and 42km towards the southern parts with lower values of elevation. The propagation profiles for all the routes follow the elevation pattern of the study areas, with some farther locations recording higher signal strength compared to closer locations to the transmitter contrary to theoretical expectation. The overall results show that elevation above ground level is a key factor to be considered for UHF transmission and reception (location of transmitters, transmitting antenna's height, directivity and gain. Others are, transmitter output power, receiving antenna's height and gain) in the study areas.


DNA extraction is a crucial stage in plant molecular analysis activities that determine the success of further downstream analysis stages. Molecular analysis activities, including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), restriction digestion, DNA hybridisation, genomic library construction, and DNA sequencing, mostly require DNA with high quality and enough quantity. Some plants contain high levels of polysaccharides, proteins, and secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, tannins, and alkaloids, which can affect the purity of the isolated DNA. The presence of these contaminants can inhibit the activity of several enzymes, such as DNA polymerase and restriction enzymes, so that DNA could not be amplified or digested. Various DNA extraction methods have been developed, ranging from manual method, manual commercial kits, and robotic techniques. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages since the selection of the right method needs to be determined carefully in order to obtain the best results. Some modifications at certain stages in DNA extraction process need to be conducted to minimize the number of DNA contaminants. Several rapid DNA extraction methods nowadays have also been developed to save times, labors, and costs. In addition, the rapid DNA extraction method could also reduce the use of some hazardous chemical compounds, so that the method is not only giving economic benefits, but also good for human health.


An analytical method for the particle size independent determination of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti, and Zn in lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids by atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry is presented. Improved analyses of Ag, Cd, and Na were also accomplished. Metal powder suspensions in hydraulic fluids and lubricating oils were reacted with a small amount of an acid mixture containing hydrofluoric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids and analyzed by a DCP emission specrometer. The recoveries of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti, and Zn ranged from 89% to 102% with relative standard devlations from 2% to 12%. In addition to the metal powder suspensions, aircraft, automobile, and diesel truck engine oils and aircraft hydraulic fluids were analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 4 figures, 6 tables.


This special issue is the culmination of work undertaken in a long-term, academic–practitioner partnership that began over a decade ago. Supported by interdisciplinary oncology networks and long careers in hospital social work and later in academia, a research agenda has been pursued that explored the scope of oncology social work practice in Australia. The motivations for this agenda included the need to increase its visibility, the encouragement of practice-based research, and the contribution of social work perspectives to the wider knowledge base of oncology practice. An imperative in this agenda was the repositioning of social understandings that emphasised differing world views and ontological stances in the psycho-oncology field. Health and social inequalities, social justice perspectives, socioecological frameworks, and wide-lens views of individual circumstances were all part of reconceptualising "the social" in psychosocial care and giving this greater prominence through practice research and evidenceinformed practice. Within the competitive environment of the health sector, social workers as members of interdisciplinary teams need to ensure that their unique contribution to patient care is clearly communicated, well articulated, and informed by ontological stances that bring other perspectives to the bio-medical lens. Although a body of international literature about oncology social work existed, particularly from the US, there was very little published about Australian practice. From the results of our early research, it was clear that the social work oncology workforce was a highly skilled but small group who were interested in undertaking research into their practice (Pockett et al., 2016). Workforce issues are researched further in this special issue with recommendations that social workers be acknowledged as key providers of psycho-social care in oncology with formal recognition of advanced training. Australian oncology social workers are active in such groups as the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) and have their own well-established society, Oncology Social Work Australia and New Zealand (OSWANZ), and we are grateful to many members of these groups for their participation and ongoing support of the various studies we have undertaken. The call for papers encouraged social work practitioners and academics to submit papers about their practice, which would contribute to the national and international body of knowledge in the field. We believe that this collection of papers achieves this aim, bringing together research findings about the social circumstances of those affected by cancer, including patients, family members, health professionals, and social workers. These findings inform practice and bring new insights into service delivery, collectively representing an emerging critical mass of expertise in the field. New insights into the cancer experience of groups that are harder to reach and about which little has been written are presented including those with head and neck cancers and young people in non-metropolitan areas. Taken-forgranted assumptions are challenged in an exploration of the gendered experiences of fathers of children in paediatric oncology. Interdisciplinary practice, gaps in policy, and the occasional, unarticulated roles of oncology social workers are also discussed. Most importantly, respectful, relational working with First Nations peoples emphasises culturally


An optimized configuration design using both structural and aerodynamic analyses of a joined-wing configuration is presented here. The joined-wing aircraft concept fulfills a proposed long-endurance surveillance mission and incorporates a load-bearing antenna structure embedded in the wing skin. A range of joined-wing configurations were trimmed for critical flight conditions and then structurally optimized for trimmed flight and gust loads to achieve a minimum weight for each single configuration. A response surface statistical analysis was then applied to determine optimized joined-wing aircraft configurations. The optimal configurations were then reanalyzed and verified by examining nonlinear structural deflection characteristics and analyzing material and aerodynamic distributions.


The comparative analysis of the methodological approaches used in case of tax audit (special audit) and in the process of checking taxation in the audit of accounting records was carried out. It was considered that, despite the different purposes of tax audit as f part of «classical audit inspection» and special audit, in case of carrying out tax audit, the auditor can use approaches to collecting and information assessment, to carrying out and documenting the procedures, applied at the audit of the accounting reporting. Objects, which audit procedures (elements of taxes and taxation) and features of information base are directed on, infl uence the methodology of tax audit. It was established that in addition to the standard audit procedures, tax audit assumes carrying out the following specifi c audit procedures: check of observance of a tax policy; comparison of data of the accounting and tax reporting; comparison of data of the fi nancial accounting and tax accounting; comparison of data of the fi nancial accounting and tax reporting; comparison of data of the fi nancial accounting and accounting reporting.


Even though the total amount of global electric vehicles (EVs) has risen significantly in recent years, the development of EVs is still at an early and crucial stage, at which we are eager to have not only the technical but also commercial innovation, especially the innovative business model to create a virtuoso cycle for EVs' popularization and operation. This article focuses on the innovation of global business models for EVs. We take six countries in three different regions-the United States in North America, Germany, France and England in Europe, Japan and China in Asia-as examples to illustrate their attempts and efforts to innovate EV business models for the development of EVs in their own countries. At last, based on the analysis of these examples, this article illuminates the implications of such EV business models, offering several pieces of advice for achieving a transition to an EV world.


Abstract Carbonate buildups are often ideally suited for stratigraphic interpretation from reflection seismic data because of depositional topography or a contrast in lithology, interval velocity, density or bedding characteristics between the buildup and enveloping beds. Geophysical criteria that allow recognition of buildup can be either (1) direct, those conditions in seismic parameters that directly outline the buildup such as reflections from the boundaries of the buildup, onlap of cycles, or seismic facies changes between the buildup and enveloping beds or (2) indirect, those conditions in the seismic parameters that indirectly outline or indicate the presence of the buildup such as drape, velocity anomalies, spurious events or use of basin architecture to infer locations of buildups. In each case, all available geological and geophysical data should be used in interpretation of carbonate buildups; the techniques of seismic stratigraphic and seismic facies analysis provide the framework for this interpretation.


This report from the FIFA medical committee is a superb overview of the athletic medical issues from World Cup 2006. In addition to the comprehensive and meticulous injury surveillance, the authors identify new …


Radiological manifestations of cerebral paragonimiasis with special emphasis on calcified cystic shadows have been presented. Observations are based upon the analysis of our personal materials of eight cases with histopathological verification and upon a review of the cases recorded in the literature. Radiological findings are categorised into three groups. Aggregated calcified cystic shadows are believed to be pathognomonic of cerebral paragonimiasis. Their location in the temporo-occipital region seems to be of diagnostic significance. Repeated failures to fill ventricles in pneumoencephalography indicate the presence of diffuse obliteration of the subarachnoidal space due to arachnoiditis.


The Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon system, two inter-connected and naturally occurring coastal lagoons located in the Thua Thien-Hue province of Vietnam, comprises two inlets: Thuan An and Tu Hien. The Thuan An and Tu Hien inlets connect the lagoon system to the South China Sea and they are subjected to morphologic changes due to sediment transport effects. The magnitude of sediment transport is determined by wave breaking and long-shore currents as well as by the abundance of sediment found along the sandy coastline. Variation in the coastal sediment transport, as well as in tidal and river flows at different temporal scales significantly affect inlet geometry; a direct result being either a marked widening or narrowing of the inlets, features which are highly seasonally dependent and that also lead to inlet migration and closure. The water exchange between the lagoon and the sea is mainly influenced by the tide, however, the river flow could also affect the exchange during certain times of the year, although this has not been studied in detail in the present investigation. During the end of the winter monsoon season, inlet morphology is dominated by wave action and strong sediment deposition that can lead to a complete closure of the southern inlet of Tu Hien, subsequently creating a new inlet by means of sand spit breaching, approximately 3 km south at Loc Thuy. Inlet closure of lagoons creates unfavorable conditions for water exchange between the lagoon and the sea which can deteriorate water quality and destroy the aquatic ecosystem. This report investigates the conditions controlling the migration and morphology of the inlets with focus on the impact on the water exchange with the South China Sea. Simulations were carried out of the water circulation in the lagoon and how the lagoon exchanges its water with the sea using the ADCIRC model within the Surface Modeling System (SMS) software. This regional model for tidal circulation was used to determine water surface elevation and velocities for the lagoon system using LeProvost global tidal forcing along the ocean boundary of the model. Based on the simulated velocities, exchange rates between the lagoon and the sea were calculated for particular situations.
The simulations performed in this study demonstrate that the northern inlet at Thuan An is most important for the water exchange between the lagoon system and the sea; however, the Tu Hien inlet in the south is more susceptible to morphologic changes. Although the Thuan An inlet overall dominates the water exchange between the lagoon system and the sea, the water exchange at Tu Hien inlet is crucial for the southern lagoon (Cau Hai). As Tu Hien inlet closes, the amount of water exchanged between the entire lagoon system and the sea decreases because the Thuan An inlet to the north cannot sufficiently account for the loss of water exchange through a completely closed Tu Hien inlet.


A generalization to the classical risk model is presented. This generalization includes a Levy process as the aggregate claims process. The compound Poisson process and the diffusion process are particular cases of this more general model. With this model we attempt to bridge two approaches often used in the literature to generalize the classical model. We investigate applications of pure-jump Levy processes to risk theory, in particular members of the family of generalized hyperbolic processes. We focus our interest in the normal inverse Gaussian process and in the generalized inverse Gaussian process. Both lead to purely discontinuous risk processes with infinite activity, i.e., these processes have an infinite number of small jumps and occasional larger movements. We also present an approximation to the classical risk model when the claim severities belong to the domain of attraction of an extreme distribution, this allows for all kinds of heavy and medium tailed distributions. The model is based on a Levy process with an underlying Levy measure proportional to the generalized Pareto distribution. Most of our results rely on properties that are not only valid for Levy processes but for the larger class of semimartingales. As an illustration, we also introduce an even more general risk process with independent increments that would endow us with a periodic reserve process that can find applications in reinsurance or in the valuation of catastrophe insurance options. Although, this periodic risk process does not belong to the Levy family of processes, it does belong to the larger family of processes with independent increments. The main contribution of this thesis takes the form of four independent chapters that illustrate the potential of Levy modeling in risk theory.


In information era advocating ubiquitous computing, computing resources are susceptible to attack without guaranteeing security of network system. It is necessary and desirable for network system to employ powerful safeguard to protect itself against diversified vulnerabilities. In this paper, we present reverse analysis and vulnerability detection for network system software (RAVDNSS), a novel approach which uses reverse analysis and vulnerability detection technologies to deal with security problems on critical network system. Adaptive reverse analysis we propose is used to dig out potential vulnerabilities, which might be abused by unauthorized and unlawful communities. A new vulnerability detection model is designed to provide safety precautions through detecting vulnerabilities and monitoring program behaviors. Our investigation aims to improve the ability to guard network system against malicious attacks. The proposed schemes demonstrate that our approach can effectively perform security detection and management of network system software.


This paper aims to discuss how the educational mission sent to Uruguay by the governor of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Antonio Augusto Borges de Medeiros, was addressed by the local press. To this end, the issues of the years 1913 and 1914 of two newspapers were taken for analysis: A Federacao and Correio do Povo. Results showed an interest of government authorities in reporting through such newspapers the ongoing educational mission sent to the neighboring country. Apart from the interest of the real possibility of leveraging education in the State, the Republican government also sought to sell the image of a modern and efficient administration, concerned with the direction to be taken by the State.