Conventional predictive models in machine learning are based on I.I.D. hypothesis between training and testing data. However, such a hypothesis is fragile in the real world, and the model minimizing empirical errors on training data does not perform well on testing data, which makes the prediction unstable. This instability can be found widely in domain generalization, active learning, and transfer learning, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel Meta-learning Causal Feature Selection (MCFS) model for general Non-I.I.D. image classification. In MCFS, we jointly optimize a convolutional network and a causal parameter for identifying causal variables on meta-training and meta-testing data which simulate the distribution shifts in Non-I.I.D. problems. Extensive experiments conducted on public VLCS and NICO datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MCFS, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.


On Friday morning, August 29, 2008 the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA) in Boston convened a panel titled "New Directions in State Court Research." Cosponsored by the Law and Courts and State Politics sections of APSA, the panel was the brainchild of our former editor Steve Wasby. Steve invited six leading scholars who perform research in the field of state courts. The idea was to bring together two divergent strands of research about courts—the theoretical and the practical—and create a dialogue between those who write and research in the same area, although for different audiences and potentially different reasons. It was not an easy task, nor one embraced by either side of the practical/theoretical divide. Four papers were presented by the theorists. These presenters included several outstanding political science scholars in varying stages of their careers who have made significant contributions to the literature on state courts. Two of the presenters, Melinda Gann Hall of Michigan State University and Alan Tarr of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, are pioneers in state court research with extensive and prominent publication records. Jeffrey Yates of Binghamton University of the State University of New York is an important scholar of state courts in mid-career, while Matthew Streb of Northern Illinois University is a rising young scholar. Representing the appliedresearch side were two researchers from the National Center for State Courts, David Steelman and Matthew Kleiman. As editor I am pleased to present these six papers in this special issue. I think readers will agree that much of the debate is really about style, rather than substance, as there is considerable convergence of opinion and agreement on what is needed for new directions in state court research. Before discussing agreement, let us examine the divergence and disagreements. Research presented at political science conferences, as several of the presenters note, emphasizes theoretical development with little attention paid to practical or applied use of data and findings. The focus is on expanding knowledge and understanding of political institutions and behavior. The mission of the National Center is to improve the administration of justice. Therefore, research by the National Center for State Courts is applied with a practical orientation. Efficient and effective courts and court administration lead to efficient and effective administration of justice. A strong component of that mission is the research provided by the National Center. With several publications, the National Center presents data and analysis that courts and court administrators can use to operate more efficiently and more effectively. Thus the research exists to aid in court administration and the broader emphasis on the administration of justice.


Aeromonas hydrophila belongs to the family Aeromonadaceae and is ubiquitous in distribution. It can be widely isolated from environmental sources such as aquatic habitats, fish, and natural soils. Sepsis due to A. hydrophila infection usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts, but severe infection has been reported in apparently healthy individuals. We report a case of a 40-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with pneumonia and septic shock secondary to A. hydrophila infection. Her clinical course was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, metabolic acidosis, and multiorgan failure resulting in mortality. The isolate was susceptible to third-generation and fourth-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and trimotheprim/sulfamethoxazole. Review of the literature for previous reports of infection with Aeromonas species infection in previously healthy individuals suggests that pneumonia and bacteremia due to A. hydrophila can be often fulminant and fatal. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality among patients infected with A. hydrophila. Physicians should be aware of the complications associated with A. hydrophila infection.


Eddy Current inhibited flux rise time in an inductive write head detrimentally affects Non Linear Transition Shm (NLTS) in dibit writing. One scheme for improving the flux risetime is to increase DC core efficiency [l]. While other researchers [2] have concentrated on top pole yoke length, this work concentrates on the shape of the top pole while keeping yoke length constant. Reduced yoke length requires 1) reducing the number of coil turns, 2) reducing the coil pitch or 3) multilayering the coil. The first requires enhancing the write driver to overcome the reduced magnetomotive force generated per mAmp of write current. The second carnies the problem of reduced coil yield and higher resistance. The third introduces more process complexity and because of the higher stack height, reduced trackwidth control. Here, we present data on higher DC efficiency by manipulating the shape of the yoke. This technique can be used as an alternative to (of better yet, in conjunction with) increased stack height or decreased yoke length.


A reaction-diffusion-convection equation with a nonlocal term is studied; the nonlocal operator acts to conserve the spatial integral of the unknown function as time evolves. The equations are parameterised by µ, and for µ = 1 the equation arises as a similarity solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and the nonlocal term plays the role of pressure. For µ = 0, the equation is a nonlocal reaction-diffusion problem. The aim of the paper is to determine for which values of the parameter µ blow-up occurs and to study its form. In particular, interest is focused on the three cases µ 1/2, and µ → 1.

It is observed that, for any 0 ≤ µ ≤ 1/2, nonuniform global blow-up occurs; if 1/2 < µ < 1, then the blow-up is global and uniform, while for µ = 1 (the Navier-Stokes equations) there are exact solutions with initial data of arbitrarily large L_∞, L_2, and H^1 norms that decay to zero. Furthermore, one of these exact solutions is proved to be nonlinearly stable in L_2 for arbitrarily large supremum norm. An understanding of this transition from blow-up behaviour to decay behaviour is achieved by a combination of analysis, asymptotics, and numerical techniques.


We report on measurements concerning the variation of photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) from two- and four-photon ionization of ground state Mg, as the laser wavelength is scanned across the 3p2 1S0 resonance. The energy dependence of the asymmetry parameters determined from the PADs and corresponding to two-photon ionization is found to be in good agreement with prior theoretical predictions. For the four-photon PADs there are at present no theoretical results. Nevertheless, the resonant character is found considerably red-shifted in accordance with earlier experimental and theoretical studies of the single and double ionization yields. In either case, the PADs show a dominant s-wave on-resonance contribution, while the d-wave contribution apparently dominates under non-resonant excitation within the scanned wavelength range. The PADs offer detailed wavelength- and channel-dependent information on the dynamics of the autoionization resonances under pulsed laser excitation, corroborating and elucidating the conclusions reached from ionization yield studies.


The content and relative composition of tocopherols, plastochromanol, plastoquinone and pigments in fifteen Antarctic species (five mosses and ten lichens) were analyzed by HPLC. Total tocopherols in mosses ranged from 90 mg/g (Warnstrofia sarmentosa) to 220 mg/g (Syntrichia magellanica), while in lichens it ranged from 0.89 mg/g in Caloplaca sp. to 45 mg/g in Placopsis contortuplicata. With the exception of Ochrolechia frigida, in all other mosses and lichens species, a-tocopherol accounted for more than 90% of total tocopherols. Plastochromanol was detected in four mosses and two lichen species; the highest level was found in Polytrichastrum alpinum (19.1 mg/g). The highest content of plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) in mosses was found in Bryum pseudotriquetrum (42.6 mg/g), whereas in lichens it was 24.5 mg/g in Stereocaulon alpinum, and 23.17 mg/g in Umbilicaria antarctica. Pigment composition in mosses was typical for higher plants. Some lichen species lacked chlorophyll b, violaxanthin and b-carotene. Based on these results it is suggested that tocochromanols and carotenoid pigments are involved in the protection of mosses and lichens against the oxidative stress caused by the extreme Antarctic conditions.


We present a simple new algebraic model with two restitution parameters for general frictional single-point rigid-body collisions. The model is motivated by, and guaran satisfy, basic restrictions on the collisional impulse. For disks and spheres, it becomes model successfully used elsewhere. For general collisions, the predicted impulse is physically motivated { a weighted sum of impulses corresponding to two special kinds of collisions { and lies in a plane proposed independently by Rubin [20]. We describe properties of our model; show geometrically the behavior ranges it captures for several of collisions; and compare with some well known models. We suggest constructing combined collision models from this and other well-understood models, for tting data better.


The crude preparation of polynucleotide phosphorylase isolated from Escherichia coli contains pyrophosphatase and the P~(32)-labeled phosphate is contaminated with P~(32)-labelled pyrophosphate; the combined effect of these two factors prevents the use of P~(32)-exchange method for the assay of polynucleotide phosphorylase. Therefore the P~(32)-labelled phosphate must be previously hydrolyzed in acid solution.Phosphomonoesterase has also been found in the crude preparation. When the concentration of protein is over 0.1 mg. per milliliter of reaction mixture, the assay of polynucleotide phosphorylase is strongly impeded.By using the procedure described in this paper, 400-fold purified preparation of polynucleotide phosphorylase was obtained. This preparation appears to be free from activities of nucleases, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and pyrophosphatase.The purified preparation is stable to heat. After treatment at 37℃ and 47℃ for 20 minutes, the enzyme activities remained were 87.2% and 82.7% respectively. TMV-RNA, yeast HRNA and commercial yeast RNA have the ability to stabilize the enzyme activity.


ABSTRACT Dung beetles attracted to howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) and coati (Nasua narica) dung were studied for an annual cycle in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Pitfall traps set for 24 h month−1 captured 1567 dung beetles of 21 species. The species Canlhidium martinto, Deltochilum pseudoparile and Canthon femoralis accounted for 62% of all individuals captured. While species overlap was high (> 80%) between diurnal and nocturnal samples and between howler monkey and coati dung baits, coati dung attracted species such as C. martinezi, D. pseudoparile and Onthophagus rhinolophus while species such as C. femoralis and Copris laeviceps were numerically dominant at howler monkey dung. Thirteen non-ball rolling dung beetle species and eight ball-rolling species accounted for 43% and for 57% of all beetles captured respectively. Dung beetles were present and active in all months of the year, but occurred in higher numbers between the months of March and October, when temperatures were higher. Relative abundance of howler monkey and coati dung in the rain forest of Los Tuxtlas was estimated at 11.2 g (fresh weight) ha−1 day−1 and at 13.0 g ha−1 day−1 respectively, a seemingly low amount for the large number of scarabs attracted to the dung.


The findings presented here, from a World Bank study led by the Trade and Competitiveness Practice of the World Bank, fill the gap in our knowledge about the patterns of small-scale cross-border trade in Cambodia and Lao PDR and those engaged in it. This knowledge will help inform future investments in trade integration and identify how interventions might be adjusted to ensure that vulnerable border users are able to realize the benefits of trade modernization. Given the lack of data on small-scale cross-border trade and traders, an innovative mix of survey strategies was implemented in Poipet and Bavet, Cambodia (on the borders with Thailand and Vietnam, respectively), and in Vangtao, Lao PDR (bordering Thailand). The three border crossings were chosen based on field observations and qualitative interviews in the vicinity of more than ten different border checkpoints. Selection criteria included trade volume, diversity and representativeness of trade patterns, and the active involvement of Lao and Cambodian citizens. Cambodia and Lao PDR were selected because they are the poorest of the four countries. Qualitative data from field observations, stakeholder interviews, and focus group discussions were combined with quantitative measures (sampling frames listing small-scale cross-border trade transactions and in-depth interviews) to provide a clear and accurate picture of small-scale cross-border trade and its practitioners.


Substatic Riemannian manifolds with minimal boundary arise naturally in General Relativity as spatial slices of static spacetimes satisfying the Null Energy Condition. Moreover, they constitute a vast generalization of nonnegative Ricci curvature. In this paper we will prove various geometric results in this class, culminating in a sharp, weighted Isoperimetric inequality that quantifies the area minimizing property of the boundary. Its formulation and proof will build on a comparison theory partially stemming from a newly discovered conformal connection with $\mathrm{CD}(0, 1)$ metrics.


With the rapid prevalence of online social networks, the trustworthiness of online users has become a current issue in the field of social computing. The evaluation of trust in social networks has been widely used in situations such as friend-recommendation, e-commerce and trust based access control systems. Security is the backbone of social networks. For sharing and exchanging of information between the trusted users only trustworthiness of the user needs to be determined. One of the key requirements in trust applications is recognizing the trustworthy actors in the network. In the proposed research, a general trust framework will be introduced to calculate the node trust values for social network users by applying reinforcement learning methods. Firstly, some selected features of social network are used as the training feature and the measurement whether there is an edge between nodes used as label information. Secondly, a training model will be used to calculate the node trust value. Then a recommendation algorithm will be used to calculate node trust score. Finally, the simulation is used to verify the performance of suggested method. For the simulation of experimentation, data from an adaptive social network will be used.


Patent number: 95-100174-664570 Reference LPI-PATENT-1995-001Search for this record at the European Patent Office Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12


Performance measurement is an important factor for any organization. Performance measurement is used as a basis for planning the organization to achieve the goals set in the future and as a tool for assessing the success of the organization. Performance measurement, today is no longer needed by business organizations wishing to internal organizational process improvement. Performance measurement at this point has penetrated to the non profit organization, one of which is an educational institution, in this case the university. This study aims to determine the level of achievement of the organization performance in education, especially within the scope of a faculty. By using this method has been established over 32 IPMS objective strategy to be achieved are summarized into 9 (nine) aspects are perspectives that exist on the SMART System Model. From the analysis of the priorities that have been made, there are five main factors that are the focus of attention and a critical indicator of success in achieving the vision and mission set by the Faculty "X". The resoult that have been performed Faculty performance index values obtained were 3.72 level. Refers to a standard level of achievement that is, it can be concluded that the achievement of the Faculty "X", is still far from the expected target. Key words : Performance, IPMS Methods, SMART System Model.


Numerical ensemble models are used in the analysis and forecasting of a wide range of environmental processes. Common use cases include assessing the consequences of nuclear accidents, pollution releases into the ocean or atmosphere, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, or identifying areas at risk from such hazards. In addition to the in-creased use of scenario analyses and model forecasts, the availability of supplementary data describing errors and model uncertainties is increasingly commonplace. Unfortunately most current visualization routines are not capa-ble of properly representing uncertain information. As a result, uncertainty information is not provided at all, not readily accessible, or it is not communicated effectively to model users such as domain experts, decision makers, policy makers, or even novice users. In an attempt to address these issues a lightweight and interactive web-application has been developed. It makes clear and concise uncertainty visualizations available in a web-based mapping and visualization environment, in-corporating aggregation (upscaling) techniques to adjust uncertainty information to the zooming level. The appli-cation has been built on a web mapping stack of open source software, and can quantify and visualize uncertainties in numerical ensemble models in such a way that both expert and novice users can investigate uncertainties present in a simple ensemble dataset. As a test case, a dataset was used which forecasts the spread of an airborne tracer across Western Europe. Extrinsic uncertainty representations are used in which dynamic circular glyphs are over-laid on model attribute maps to convey various uncertainty concepts. It supports both basic uncertainty metrics such as standard deviation, standard error, width of the 95% confidence interval and interquartile range, as well as more experimental ones aimed at novice users. Ranges of attribute values can be specified, and the circular glyphs dynamically change


We have studied the damage characteristics of gold gratings irradiated with 40 fs laser pulses. The damage threshold for gold-on-glass gratings is twice that of holographic gratings and allows 10 Hz operation with PW pulses.


SC structure has been adopted as the basic structure of the nuclear modular construction methods, divided into wall and floor structures. SC wall structure is a composite structure for pouring concrete between two steel plates, the tie-bars is connecting the plates on both sides of the concrete. When the steel plates are buckled by a vertical load, a tensile stress is generated in the weld zone. In this study, to apply the welding method in the construction site, offer three welding shape, and carry out a tensile test of the steel plates and the tie-bars.


Photoperiodic light quality affects flowering of long day plants, by influencing the phytochrome photoequilibria (PPE) at plant level, however the most effective light spectrum to promote flowering is still unknown for most the flower crops. We evaluated the influence of light spectrum of three light sources, with different induced PPE, on photosynthesis, metabolic profiling and plant growth and flowering in two hybrids of Ranunculus asiaticus L., MBO and MDR. Three photoperiodic treatments were compared to natural day length (NL): white fluorescent light (FL, PPE 0.84), LEDs Red:Far Red light at 3:1 ratio (R:FR 3:1, PPE, 0.84), and LEDs Red:Far Red light at 1:3 ratio (R:FR 1:3, PPE 0.63). Under natural light, net photosynthesis was higher in MDR than in MBO, while photochemistry was similar in the hybrids. Compared to NL, photoperiodic treatments did not affect net photosynthesis, while they promoted the quantum yield of PSII and reduced the non-photochemical quenching. Under NL, plant growth was greater in MBO, while flowering started earlier in MDR and flowers characteristics were similar in the hybrids. Despite the greater sensitivity of MDR plants in terms of metabolism, photoperiodic lighting improved plant growth and reduced the flowering time only in MBO, with a stronger effect under R:FR 3:1 light. MDR plants were characterized by higher soluble sugars, polyphenols, photosynthetic pigments and proteins, while MBO plants by higher starch and amino acid content. The morphological effects of photoperiodic light quality and the hybrid-specific response should be taken into account to optimize lighting protocols in commercial farms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective Study breast lumps diagnosis examine method. In this study 96 cases with breast lumps were examined by high frequency Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography(2DE) and Color Doppler Flow Imaging(CDFI).The cases by surgery or biopsy pathology were reviewed.The ultrasonographic feature of breast lumps were analysed.the quandrant localities of breast lumps were external-superiorexternal-inferiorinternal-superiorinternal-inferior.the diagnostic accordance rate of benign and malignant tumors were 91.0% and 86.2% in ultrasonogrphy.The diagnostic accordance rate of the breast lumps could be enhanced though combining of 2DE and CDFI.Ultrasonogrphy would be served as the first choice for the breast lumps.


This article summarizes findings from an evaluation of Mexico's Universal Vaccination Program during 1990-97, the progress achieved, the lessons learned, and objectives under decentralization. The evaluation assessed the cold chain and logistics systems, and the feasibility of vaccine production within Gerencia General de Biologicos y Reactivos. In 1996, 97% of children aged 1-4 years completed the full immunization schedule. Over the past 7 years, the incidence of preventable diseases declined. There were no poliomyelitis cases in the prior 7 years, no diphtheria cases in the prior 6 years, and a gradual decline in morbidity due to measles in the prior 5 years. Several government sectors are giving high priority to vaccination activities. Sufficient resources have been allocated for immunization. The government is planning on adding new vaccines that would benefit the adult population and/or prevent congenital defects. There is close coordination within institutions of the National Health System and with other public health organizations, such as PAHO and UNICEF. It is recommended that the central government perform high quality epidemiological surveillance and improve rapid analysis capacity, especially at the local and regional levels. Improvement is needed in the reporting capacity at the local level, to feed recent data to the central level in a timely fashion, and to use analysis to improve operations. Epidemiological training is needed at the operations level, as is private sector involvement at all levels. Underreporting of morbidity occurs. Regionalization must be monitored to ensure maximizing of resources.


Based on the geological environment problems,geological hazards and developing tendency of geological environment in the course of resources exploitation in Beijing City,this article discusses the necessity,urgency,feasibility and related basis of formulating,publishing and executing geological environment management policy.The major geological environment problems in Beijing are rock fall,landslide,debris flow,ground subsidence and mine environment pollution.The monitoring and forecasting for these problems are limited and the related laws are imperfect,which have influenced the society and economy development in Beijing.Therefore,it is urgent to make geological environment management polity so that there is a law to obey in the geological environment management,the geological environment can be better,and the sustainable development of society and economy in Beijing can be ensured.


Salt cavities used as underground gas storage have received increased attention for serviceability and sustainability considerations during gas cycling loading. However, traditional stability analysis overlooks the thermal effects induced by the operation and cannot predict the potential risk. In a field case in Jintan, Jiangsu Province of China, the thermal response to gas injection-and-withdrawal process of the walls of Cavern L was explored. A Bonded-Block Model (BBM) based on a 3DEC platform is proposed in inverse simulation for the field case's cavity collapse process. By comparing the field case with simulation results, the proposed thermal-mechanical coupling model is validated for predicting the risk of cavity instability. The simulation results show that the thermal effect induces the collapse of the surrounding rock, that is, thermal tensile stress causes thermal cracks on the surface of the cavity.


Treatment with metformin may improve outcomes in patients with HER2–positive primary breast cancer and diabetes, according to an analysis of the phase III ALTTO trial.


This fluorescent light observation device (1) comprises: a light source unit (3) which projects illumination light (L), which includes excited light, upon a living body tissue (X); a return light image generating unit (61) which photographs return light of the illumination light (L) from the living body tissue (X) and generates a return light image (G1); and a fluorescent light image generating unit (62) which photographs fluorescent light from the living body tissue (X) and generates a fluorescent light image (G2). The illumination light (L) is visible light which does not include at least a portion of a wavelength region of 490-540nm, the excited light has a portion of the wavelengths of the illumination light (L), and fluorescent light is emitted of the wavelength which is included in the at least partial wavelength region.


Suction exhaust theory and its application to the na- tional economy are presented in this paper.The use of this technology will get the great economic benefit wherever the exhaust is used.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between the Indonesian Islamic capital market, the country's risk and macroeconomic factors.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the Johansen cointegration test and the vector error correction model (VECM) on monthly data from January 2003 to March 2016 to examine the variables that influenced the Islamic capital market proxied by the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII).

Findings
The findings indicate the existence of short-term and long-term cointegrations between country risk (political, economic and financial risks), macroeconomic variables (industrial production index, inflation and oil price) and JII. In the long run, financial risk positively affects the JII, whereas economic risks and inflation are negatively related. In the short run, only inflation affect negatively the JII.

Practical implications
The study emphasizes the critical role of financial risk in affecting the Islamic capital market. Investors negatively respond to higher financial risk and react positively to more increased economic threats. The variable of financial risk has the highest coefficient, indicating that the investors favour a conducive financial environment in deriving JII.

Originality/value
This study extends the previous literature with an attempt to empirically examine the influence of Indonesia's country risk on the Islamic stock market through VECM.


This letter presents a compact tri-band bandpass filter (BPF) with controllable bandwidths. The proposed filter employs dual-mode resonators, i.e., crossed open-short stub loaded resonators and tri-section stepped impedance resonators. The center frequencies and bandwidths of the three passbands can be conveniently controlled by tuning the dimensions of two resonators. Moreover, on each side of each passband, there is at least one transmission zero, resulting in high skirt selectivity. To validate the design and analysis, a prototype of tri-band BPF is fabricated. Good agreement can be found between the measured and simulated results.


In 1980 Rowley replaced the name x Aporophyllum Johnson with xAporepiphyllum Rowley. The following year, in his Prop. 180, he explained why: "x Aporophyllum Johnson when first published was defined as Aporocactus x members of the Orchid Cacti. The latter constitute the epicacti (epiphyllums of horticulture)-a complex descended from 4 or 5 separate genera. This name is hence illegitimate in that it conflicts with Art. H.7.6. For the simple bigener Aporocactus x Epiphyllum a different name applies (xAporepiphyllum Rowl.)". But xAporophyllum Johnson is a red herring-it was published in one of Johnson's catalogues in 1955 (according to Rowley, 1982) and therefore was not effectively published under Art. 29.4 and has no botanical standing at all. Several later authors have used the name x Aporophyllum. The next subsequent author after Johnson would appear to have been Hunt in 1966, who defined it as Aporocactus x Epiphyllum and attributed it to "Hort." Consequently, x Aporepiphyllum Rowley is a later synonym of x Aporophyllum hort. ex Hunt, and Article H.6 Example 4 is erroneous and must be deleted or corrected. The nothogenus contains only one nothospecies, and that is x Aporophyllum freiburgensis (Mundt ex Weingart) Heath, which, according to Weingart (1920), is derived from Cereus flagelliformis Y x Phyllocactus crenatus 6 [i.e., Aporocactus flagelliformis x Epiphyllum crenatum]. The majority of plants grown as Epiphyllum seem in fact to be x Heliochia, that is, they are hybrids between Heliocereus and Nopalxochia, with no Epiphyllum in them at all. As a result it seems probable that most plants grown as x Aporophyllum are actually referable to the triple hybrid Aporocactus x Heliocereus x Nopalxochia, for which the name xAporoheliochia Heath has been published (Heath, 1983-1984). Unfortunately, very few of the xAporoheliochia cultivars have recorded parentages. However, the cross x Heliochia hybrida Y x Aporocactus flagelliformis a has been made by the present author, and seed was distributed via the Epiphytic Plant Study Group. Hence plants of documented origin are now in cultivation.


This Paper points out the problems faced by the shipping industry and shipbuilding industry during the 2008 financial crisis. It also provides some suggestions to the Maritime Authority on how to carry out maritime control under such circumstance.


Network evaluation tools are indispensable in design and developments of computer networks and their distributed applications. Traditionally, such tools have been developed based on an analytical model, discrete event simulation, emulation or a physical testbed of computer network. As computer networks grow in scale, heterogeneity and deploy a rich variety of new applications, none of the above four network modeling methodologies can fulfill the complex users requirements including scalability, fidelity, reconfigurability and experimentation support for real application, needed in the network evaluation studies.
In this dissertation, we developed a novel multi-paradigm network modeling framework, which address the limitations of existing evaluation tools by the integrations of modeling methodologies with complementary capabilities. As the first step, we developed MAYA, a modeling tool integrating analytical models, simulation, and physical network interface. MAYA allows users to interface simulated networks directly with physical networks, while attaining real time constraints even for large-scale networks by incorporating both analytical models and simulation. It thus provides a scalable and extensible evaluation tool for distributed applications to run on large, heterogeneous networks. To further enrich the modeling compatibilities of the proposed multi-paradigm framework, we developed TWINE, a hybrid emulation testbed that combines simulation, emulation and physical networks for evaluation of adaptive wireless systems, particularly those exploiting cross layer interactions. The integration of emulation and simulation in TWINE enables evaluation of real applications and protocols over a wide range of wireless network scenarios while achieving scalability of the testbed. Interfacing with real networks, TWINE also allows users to directly leverage existing, partially deployed physical testbeds and extend the performance evaluation to a larger-scaled networking context.
We have conducted experiments to evaluate the proposed multi-paradigm network modeling framework with respect to multiple performance metrics: Firstly, we evaluated the scalability improvements achieved by the integrations of multiple modeling methodologies; secondly, we evaluate the fidelity of the proposed framework in terms of accurately modeling the impact of various network dynamics on actual applications in real time; finally, we conducted case studies to demonstrate the utility of the proposed modeling framework in supporting repeatable, flexible and efficient experimentations with protocol implementations and applications in large heterogeneous networks.


This article provides answers to an open question raised in [1] with regard to checking existence of a solution for general copositive Lyapunov inequalities. We consider homogeneous LTI systems that preserve a proper cone C.* A necessary and sufficient condition for stability of such a system is the existence of a quadratic Lyapunov solution for the associated copositive Lyapunov inequality. This article provides a computationally efficient alternative necessary and sufficient condition for stability of the cone-invariant LTI system, in which geometric algebraic conditions for the stability of an equilibrium state are established from the concepts of dual and polar cones. The conditions are polynomial-time verifiable, provided C is a proper cone in a Hilbert space and has a polynomial-time evaluable self-concordant barrier function. We show that the feasible solutions of those conditions can be used to characterize the extreme rays of the set of solutions for copositive Lyapunov inequalities.


This study examines several important factors of Internet usage and postal service performance in Australia from 2006 to 2010, using data from secondary sources. The results on Internet usage indicate increasing trends in domain name registrations, Internet user population, Internet usage duration, and e-commerce value. On the other hand, the results on postal service performance show stagnating trends in mail volumes, revenue, pre-tax profit, rate of return, and labor productivity growth during the same period. While we need more data to investigate systematically any causal relationships between the factors of Internet usage and those of postal service performance, the results taken together suggest that the increasing trend of Internet usage had some negative impacts on postal service performance. This study is expected to help understand the trends of Internet usage as associated with the performance of postal service and set the stage for the future of postal service in Australia and other countries.


One way to increase the production of red rice is tested in this study through dry land rice cultivation
technique by arrangement the plant population and fertilizer doses. The aim of this study is to obtain
the populations of plants and manure proper dosage in order to get the results of the optimal grain red
rice. This study uses a group of Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) factorial with two
treatment factors, the plant population (scatterplot, 2, 4, 6 seeds/hole) and manure doses (3, 5, 7, 10
ton/ha). Each treatment combination is repeated 3 times. The results showed that populations of
plants gave a different effect on all variables except for the variable observations of plant height and
weight of 100 seeds per plot. While the dose of manure having the same effect on all the variables
observations. Plant populations of 6 seeds/hole was the most optimal plant populations. Setting of 6
seeds/hole with 3 tons/ha of cow manure could be recommended to be applied for the farmers,
especially the farmers of Tawangsari village.


We present evidence of associated vector boson + prompt J /ψ production and measure its production rate. This is a key observable to the understanding of quarkonium production mechanisms. We estimate the relative contributions to the signal from single and double parton scattering and discuss possible implications of this novel final state for study of multiple parton interactions. Single parton scattering cross-sections are compared to cutting-edge theoretical calculations in the colour singlet and colour octet formalisms.


According to the speech recognition apparatus of the present invention, such as a plurality of icons (display object) on the display screen is dense, even if the overlapping portion between the adjacent visual axis detection range and line-of-sight detection range is large, the line of sight and by a voice operation efficiently narrow down one icon (displayed object) can be identified, also, since the erroneous recognition can be reduced, thereby improving the convenience for the user.


This study focuses on how cooperating teachers reflect on their own work and professional development. Survey techniques were used to collect data from 302 cooperating teachers working with four teacher training institutions in Wisconsin. Participants represented K-12 regular and special education and other academic areas. Likert scales were used to explore their perceptions about preparation of student teachers, support from university supervisors, preparation to serve as a cooperating teacher and personal satisfaction with the role. Respondents completed three open-ended statements: 1) A cooperating teacher is someone who ..., 2) As a cooperating teacher I look forward to ..., and 3) As a cooperating teacher I am unsure about.... Findings include agreement among respondents that they feel adequately prepared and find their role satisfying. Three major themes for the role that emerged are modeling, guiding, and facilitating. Cooperating teachers look forward to professional growth through helping beginning teachers and receiving new ideas and assistance. Their concerns focused on preparation of student teachers and support from universities. Both universities and public schools should cooperate to find new opportunities and roles for classroom teachers that go beyond traditional service as cooperating teachers. Student teaching has been a central feature of teacher preparation for most of the twentieth century (Ganser, 1996; Griffin, 1986; Guyton & McIntyre, 1990). The perceived value of providing teacher education students with an extended period of time working in a classroom under the guidance of a veteran teacher is evident. For example, Watts (1987) reports that practicing teachers identify student teaching as "the most valuable and helpful component of their total preparation program" (p. 151). He also notes that student teaching is required for certification in all 50 states. Given student teaching's central place in teacher training and in teacher licensing requirements, it is ironic that there has been relatively little systematic investigation into the effectiveness of student teaching in preparing teachers in recent years. Another irony is that there has been little study about the influence on the person serving as a college or university supervisor (Metcalf, 1991) or as a cooperating teacher (Tannehill, 1989). Teachers readily admit to benefits for themselves in serving as cooperating teachers, many of which mirror those reported by mentors of beginning teachers (Ganser, 1993). Working closely with student teachers can validate veteran teachers by giving them "opportunities to think about their knowledge they had acquired through the years" (Koerner, 1992, p. 53). Cooperating teachers report that student teachers can heighten their awareness of innovative instructional and management techniques which they subsequently incorporate into their own practice (Bowers, 1994). In this sense, student teachers provide experienced teachers with access to "ideas or people whose thinking is slightly ahead of one's own" (Burden, 1990, p. 320). Student teachers can also boost their cooperating teachers' enthusiasm toward children and teaching (Tannehill, 1989). Perhaps the most important benefits reported by cooperating teachers are those that emerge out of self-reflection on their work as teachers. As a participant in an alternative teacher education program, Kennard (1993) suggests that close association with teacher education students allowed her "to understand the need to dismantle old ways of acting in my own teaching practice" (p. 164). Similarly, Black (1993) views as an important outcome of her work with student teachers "a restorying of past practicum experiences, in my work as a student teacher, a cooperating teacher, and a practicum advisor" (p. 151). For many, serving as a cooperating teacher is a powerful experience, both positive and negative, personal and professional. …


Congestion in the air traffic network is becoming an increasingly serious problem that causes inconvenience to passengers, losses to airlines and, last but not least, threats to airspace safety. One way of reducing the amount of congestion is to use Ground Holding policies, i.e., to impose on selected aircraft a ground holding prior to their departure so that congestion during peak periods of time may be smoothed away. In this paper we restrict our attention to the Multiairport Ground Holding problem, where congestion may arise only at the airports due to limited arrival capacity. There are a few algorithms that, under suitable hypotheses, find an "optimal" policy for the Multiairport Ground Holding problem. In this paper we evaluate and compare comput ationally three of them, namely, the one recently proposed by Vranas, Bertsimas and Odoni, the one suggested by Andreatta and Tidona and that due to Bertsimas and Stock. The computational evaluation is based on two sets of test problems. The first set consists of seven problems taken from the literature. The second set consists of 32 "realistic" test problems. The results indicate the superiority of the Bertsimas and Stock approach among the three models considered.


Background: Ubrogepant is a novel, oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist for acute treatment of migraine. This study evaluated potential drug–drug interactions between ubrogepant and an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and norgestimate (NGM). Methods: This open-label, single-center, two-period, fixed-sequence study enrolled healthy, postmenopausal or oophorectomized, adult women. In period 1, participants received a single oral dose of EE 0.035 mg/NGM 0.25 mg (EE-NGM) followed by a 7-day washout. In period 2, participants received oral ubrogepant 50 mg daily on days 1–14; single-dose EE-NGM was coadministered with ubrogepant on day 10. Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma EE and norelgestromin (NGMN) were compared with and without ubrogepant. Results: Twenty-two participants aged 46–66 years were enrolled; 21 completed the study. Geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for the comparison of EE-NGM + ubrogepant to EE-NGM alone were contained within 0.80 and 1.25 for area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞; 0.96 [0.91, 1.01]) and C max (0.91 [0.82, 1.004]) of NGMN and AUC0–∞ (0.97 [0.93, 1.01]) of EE, but not C max of EE (0.74 [0.69, 0.79]). Median t max of EE was delayed following EE-NGM + ubrogepant (3.0 h) versus EE-NGM alone (median of 1.5 h), whereas median t max of NGMN was unchanged (1.5 h). Geometric mean apparent terminal half-life (t ½) was similar with and without ubrogepant for EE (23 vs. 21 h) and NGMN (36 h both conditions). All ubrogepant-related adverse events were mild or moderate. Conclusion: Ubrogepant did not demonstrate potential for clinically meaningful drug–drug interactions with an EE-NGM oral contraceptive. Trial registration: Not applicable (phase 1 trial)


Propagation-invariant fields of the third kind (PIFs-III) are defined on the basis of a modal theory proposed recently by the authors. We show the existence of specific PIFs-III termed light string and light capillary beams, which are characterized by the extremely sharply localized transverse intensity distribution propagating in free space without expansion. A technique for generating the PIFs-III is proposed and its capacity is demonstrated by experimental results for the optical synthesis of the light string and light capillary beams.


The US engagement with 19th century international society saw the maturation of its approach toward international law. This paper focuses on two historical considerations that helped to shape that character--ending the international slave trade, and Indian removal. An emerging legal methodology of legal formalism helped to rationalize this engagement, and affected the young republic's engagement with the world. Understanding the rise of legal formalism, where it came from and what were its influences, uncovers a significantly American story of ambivalence, which has shaped US foreign policy vacillations between themes of universalism and unilateralism, and international community and international society.


The equilibrium constants of the extraction of nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acid and their uranyl salts with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), dissolved in different diluents, have been determined. The extraction constants obtained have been correlated with the corresponding dissociation constants of the mineral acids used. The more mineral acid is dissociated, the fewer undissociated molecules of acid are available and, as a consequence, the extraction process is less pronounced. 12 refs., 1 fig., 5 tabs.


The present invention relates to a thermoelectric material of Bi-Te-Se having an enhanced thermoelectric performance, particularly to a thermoelectric material indicated by a chemical formula of MxCuyBi2-x(Te1-zSez)3 (where M indicates at least one metal material and the x, y, and z have the ranges of 0lx≤0.1, 0ly≤0.05, 0≤z≤0.5) and a producing method thereof. [Reference numerals] (AA) Power factor, PF(W/mK^2);(BB) Temperature, T(K)


Abstract Conservative commentators have decried our society's move away from traditional moral standards in favor of a preoccupation with individual feelings, and with therapy as the means ofunfettering those feelings from external moral constraints. This paper examines the corresponding notion of a "therapeutic state," one that grounds its legitimacy in its ability to influence the feelings of citizens. It suggests that the problems apparently associated with therapeutic governance follow in large part from the inadequacy of modernist vocabulary in describing the concern for human emotion expressed in certain anti-modernist approaches to public service. This paper seeks to redescribe the notion of therapeutic governance in a way more consistent with those approaches.


Most studies assessing alcohol as a cause of cirrhosis at the population level focus on per capita consumption. In this issue, Stein et al. performed a comprehensive analysis of the WHO 2014 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, where countries were categorized based on daily consumption. The WHO 2014 Report found that half of cirrhosis mortality worldwide is attributable to alcohol. The designation of countries by moderate or heavy daily drinking had the strongest influence on the weight of alcohol in the cirrhosis burden. Importantly, drinking patterns and the type of alcohol did not independently predict the weight of alcohol as a cause of cirrhosis. This study strongly suggests that reducing heavy drinking should be considered as an important target for public health policies to reduce the burden of alcoholic cirrhosis.


A processing apparatus (EX) projects and exposes a pattern formed in a mask pattern (M) to a substrate (P). The processing apparatus is provided with: a mask holding member (DM) that holds the mask pattern in a bent state; a substrate supporting member (DP) that supports the substrate; a lighting system (IU) that lights a part of the mask pattern; an intermediate image forming optical system (PL1), which forms an intermediate image (IM) corresponding to a lighting region (IR) formed on the mask pattern by means of the lighting system, and which brings the tangential plane (IMa) of the intermediate image and the tangential plane (IRa) of the lighting region on the mask pattern into a conjugate relationship by satisfying shine-proof conditions; and a projection optical system (PL2), which projects the intermediate image to a projection region (PR) on the substrate supported by means of the substrate supporting member.


This exam is open book-feel free to consult any textual references you deem appropriate. These questions should be answerable with a combination of the class readings, class notes, and some thinking; there is no reason to consult any additional material. (Doing so may simply confuse things!) You are not allowed to discuss the questions with anyone! Submit your answers as a PDF file using the Midterm Submission link on the top of the Handouts page by 11:59 PM Tue November 13th.


4-Ethyl- and isopropylpyridine reacted with LDA and TMEDA to give title compds. I (R = H, Me), which were subjected to x-ray anal. The structural parameters of the heterocyclic moieties of I are typical of N-lithiated 4-alkylidene-1,4-dihydropyridines. MNDO geometries compare quite well with x-ray structure of I (R = H). The lithium atom of I (R = H) in soln. prefers the same type of coordination as in the crystal. Two-dimensional 6Li,1H-HOESY showed Li contacts only to ortho-hydrogen atoms. I (R = H) reacts exclusively as a C nucleophile, whereas I (R = Me) reacts exclusively as a N nucleophile.


Facial lipoatrophy can be a stigmatizing side effect of antiretroviral (AVR) treatment for HIV‐infected patients. We sought to evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of a new formulation of hyaluronic acid that can be injected in larger amounts and into deeper skin layers during 3 years of follow‐up.


Novel tetra- and hexacatenar materials based on benzobisthiazole derivatives have been synthesised (4a–c, 5a–c and 6a–c) and their mesomorphic properties have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. All compounds in series 4a–c display an enantiotropic hexagonal columnar phase, whereas their analogous compounds in series 5a–c did not show mesomorphic behaviour. Compound 6a displays an unidentified monotropic columnar phase, whereas compounds 6b and 6c show an enantiotropic rectangular columnar mesophase. The mesomorphic properties were found to be dependent on the length, position and number of alkoxy chains attached at the end of the rigid core. These compounds also show photoluminescence properties in the visible region and have good quantum yields. A thermogravimetric analysis was also performed.


Four new dihydro‐β‐agarofurans, denhaminols K–N (4–7), along with three known secondary metabolites, denhaminols A–C (1–3) were obtained from the large‐scale isolation studies of the leaves of the Australian endemic rainforest plant, Denhamia celastroides. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were determined by detailed 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, and infrared data analysis. All compounds were found to inhibit the activity of leucine transport in a human prostate cancer cell line with IC50 values ranging from 5.1–74.9 μM. Dihydro‐β‐agarofurans 1–7 showed better potency than the L‐type amino acid transporter family inhibitor, 2‐aminobicyclo[2.2.1]‐heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid (BCH).


The purpose of this chapter is to explain the unique role of cognitive style decision making by digging into knowledge taken from different models and theories by different researchers and indicators developed by different authors. To understand the cognitive style, different models and theories were discussed in this chapter. The aim of this chapter is to give deep understanding of cognitive styles. Different theories and models from pieces of literature are explored. Based on a thorough review, this conceptual paper/chapter is given.


................................................................................................. I DECLARATION ....................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. V TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ X DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................... XIII ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................... XV CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1


In order to establish the efficient regeneration system of peanut,taking embryonic leaflets of eight peanut varieties as explants,the effects of genotypes on callus formation rate and buds differentiation rate were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant effects of peanut genotype on callus formation rate and buds differentiation rate.Callus formation rate of Jihua 4was the hightest,98%;Taikong 1,Tangyou 4,Yuhua9626and Huayu 20were higher;Quanhua 646and Fuhua 13were lower,452-2was the lowest,achieved 43%.The buds differentiation rate were the range of 5%~73%,the buds differentiation rate of Jihua 4was the hightest,achieved 73%;Taikong1achieved higher,68%;Yuhua 9626was lower,achieved 35%;Huayu 20,Quanhua646,452-2were lower,achieved 13%and 11%and 10%respectively;Fuhua 13and Tangyou 4were the lowest,achieved 5%.


AVS2 is a kind of advanced video coding standard developed by China, which achieves the same compression efficiency as the international standard HEVC/H.265. In intra coding, there are 33 intra prediction modes, and the optimal intra prediction mode is obtained by calculating Rate Distortion (RD) cost of each mode. Rough Mode Decision (RMD) is an essential part of intra coding in AVS2, which reduces intra coding complexity significantly. However, in traditional RMD algorithm, the Sum of Absolute Transform Difference (SATD) is calculated of all 33 prediction modes, which greatly increase computing resources and time complexity. In this paper, both fast mode decision algorithm and its efficient architecture based on texture information and SATD cost is proposed. Verified by the Xilinx Vivado HLS, the experiment results show that the algorithm and architecture proposed in this paper is able to process video of 1920x1080@60 fps under the 300MHz clock frequency with a 2.0% BD-rate increase in average.


The invention relates to the field of network monitoring and provides a system and a monitoring method of remote monitoring isolation equipment. The system comprises a server terminal used for monitoring and a group of clients, wherein the server terminal comprises a server terminal data storing module, a server terminal monitoring module, a server terminal display module and a server terminal information receiving and sending module, and the client comprises a client registration module, a client intranet and outer net switching management module and a client monitoring module. The system provided by the invention utilizes a concentrated management mode, the clients actively connect and send real operation conditions, real-time network states and violation conditions to the server terminal, and the server terminal monitors the isolation equipment in real time in the mode to reduce the workload of a manager, improve the working efficiency of the manager and reinforce the usability of the safe physical isolation equipment and the application safety of the office equipment.


The present invention provides a cellular phone capable of receiving a plurality of broadcast waves while efficiently covering wide frequency band such as FM and TV broadcasts, and, when the cellular phone having the additional receiving FM and TV broadcasts when the function is used to share the antenna and which receiving FM and TV broadcast signal, which is capable of interaction of the radio circuit is reduced. The cellular phone comprising: an antenna; radio unit selector switch, which is connected to the antenna line into the switch and are connected to a cellular phone radio unit of the two branches; and in parallel to said switch and each of said plurality of plurality of broadcast wave impedances associated regulating circuit. The switch impedance adjustment circuit associated with the selected broadcast wave is being received from the one of the plurality of impedance adjusting circuit.


Objective:To improve primary professional ability on tumor care of new nurses with Bachelor degree.Methods:The new nurses who graduate from nursing college in recent two years were included in this study.They were trained on general nursing abilities and professional knowledge on tumor care.Results:After one-year rotation and training,they improved their professional knowledge and practice skills.Conclusion:Through intensified specialty training on tumor care,new nurses with Bachelor degree could improve their clinical practice,teaching and research abilities.


This paper introduces new tight frames of curvelets to address the problem of finding optimally sparse representations of objects with discontinuities along C edges. Conceptually, the curvelet transform is a multiscale pyramid with many directions and positions at each length scale, and needle-shaped elements at fine scales. These elements have many useful geometric multiscale features that set them apart from classical multiscale representations such as wavelets. For instance, curvelets obey a parabolic scaling relation which says that at scale 2−j , each element has an envelope which is aligned along a 'ridge' of length 2−j/2 and width 2−j . We prove that curvelets provide an essentially optimal representation of typical objects f which are C except for discontinuities along C curves. Such representations are nearly as sparse as if f were not singular and turn out to be far more sparse than the wavelet decomposition of the object. For instance, the n-term partial reconstruction f n obtained by selecting the n largest terms in the curvelet series obeys ‖f − f n ‖2L2 ≤ C · n −2 · (log n), n→∞. This rate of convergence holds uniformly over a class of functions which are C except for discontinuities along C curves and is essentially optimal. In comparison, the squared error of n-term wavelet approximations only converges as n−1 as n → ∞, which is considerably worst than the optimal behavior.


Abstract— We present a process for active‐matrix flat‐panel‐display manufacture based on solution processing and printing of polymer thin‐film transistors. In this process, transistors are fabricated using soluble semiconducting, conducting, and dielectric polymer materials. Accurate definition of the transistor channel and other circuit components are achieved by direct ink‐jet printing combined with surface‐energy patterning. We have used this process to create 4800‐pixel 50‐dpi active‐matrix backplanes. These backplanes were combined with polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal to create the first ink‐jet‐printed active‐matrix displays. Our process is, in principle, environmentally friendly, low temperature, compatible with flexible substrates, cost effective, and advantageous for short‐run length and large display sizes. As well as polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal, this technology is applicable to conventional liquid‐crystal and electrophoretic display effects.


The hitherto unknown FC(O)SSCl molecule was prepared by the reaction of ClC(O)SSCl with TlF in vacuum conditions. The molecule was characterized by its electron-impact mass spectrum, the IR spectrum in vapour phase, the Raman spectrum of the liquid, and also the matrix isolated FTIR spectra. FC(O)SSCl is composed by an equilibrium mixture of two conformers, syn-gauche and anti-gauche, both in vapour and liquid phases, with an approximately ratio of 80:20 %. The valence electronic properties were studied by means of photoelectron spectroscopy. The first ionization potential was observed at 10.14 eV, and the HOMO was assigned to the non-bonding electron lone pair located at the S atom bonded to the carbonyl group. A decrease in the dihedral angle of the SS bond after ionization was predicted by quantum chemical calculations.


OBJECTIVE:To probe the clinical value of salvage liver transplantation(SLT) for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS:The clinical and follow-up data of 183 patients underwent SLT for HCC were analyzed retrospectively.Two Group were divided:salvage liver transplantation group(n=19) and primary liver transplantation(PLT) group(n=42).Their accumulative survival rates,disease free survival rates were analyzed by Kaplan-Merier method and Log-rank tests were performed.RESULTS:There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of anhepatic phase,overall ischaemic time,blood loss,packed red blood cell transfusion(RBC),fresh frozen plasma transfusion(FFP),complication of transplanted liver,retransplantation rate,perioperative mortality rate,tumors recurrence rate between PLT groups and SLT groups(P0.05).While there was statistical difference in terms of operative time(P0.05).The 1,3,5-year accumulative survival rates were 100.0%,84.2%,84.2% and 100.0%,82.5%,79.0%(χ2=0.202,P=0.653),and the 1,3,5-year disease-free survival rates were 100.0%,88.8%,88.8% and 97.3%,97.3%,97.3%(χ2=1.114,P=0.291)between SLT group and PLT group.There were no statistic significance difference between two groups(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Salvage liver transplantation strategy still remain satisfactory effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.When the indication for salvage liver transplantation is strictly controlled,the same curative effect can be acquired as primary liver transplantation.


The National Maglev Transportation Engineering R&D Center organized an electromagnetic environmental measurement for the normal conductive high-speed maglev transportation system in Shanghai. The measurement places included the electromagnetic fields in the occupational and public environment, and were classified in different frequency ranges according to the characteristics of electromagnetic fields generated by a high-speed maglev transportation system. By comparing the emission limits of current exposure standards of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, the Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the U.S. National Institute of Industrial Hygiene and National Standard of P.RC. The conclusion indicated that the high-speed maglev transportation system based on the technology of the Shanghai Maglev Demonstration Line can meet the requirements of the outlined environmental protection standards.


This study analyzes the cost structure of a set of medium-large, U.S. urban public transit firms, with special attention to the issue of scale economies in the production of transit services. Short and long-run costs are modeled using two of the more commonly-employed functional forms in the urban transit cost function literature, the Cobb-Douglas and transcendental logarithmic (or translog) cost functions. The more general specification of the translog cost function also allows for some investigation of production structure relating to factor demand and substitution. The data set employed in the econometric estimation of the cost functions is a pooled time series of 23 firms of similar size observed over the period from 1996 to 2003. Results indicate that estimates of scale economies are sensitive to the choice of an output measure. Cobb-Douglas estimates show evidence of short-run returns to density and size, but long-run diseconomies of scale. Short-run translog estimates indicate evidence of stronger of returns to density and size, raising questions about the source of increasing returns. Lastly, while the more general translog specification allows for a more flexible production structure, its estimation constraints and large number of parameters make it more difficult to properly estimate and interpret.


Introduction by Dubravka Juraga and M. Keith Booker The Reds and The Blacks: The Historical Novel in the Soviet Union and Postcolonial Africa by M. Keith Booker and Dubravka Juraga From Laughter "Out of Sync" to Post-Synchronized Comedy: How the Stalinist Film Musical Caught Up with Hollywood and Overtook It by Thomas Lahusen Miroslav Krleza's Zastave: Socialism, Yugoslavia, and the Historical Novel by Dubravka Juraga The Matter of Art: Reinventing Brecht in the Society of the Spectacle by Michael Sprinker Mike Gold or Jame Joyce?: The Literature of Politics and the Politics of Literature by M. Keith Booker Revising the Barricades: Scholarship about the U.S. Cultural Left in the Post-Cold War Era by Alan Wald Material Grounds: Border and Place in Raymond Williams's Fiction by H. Gustav Klaus Jean Devanny and Dorothy Hewett: Two Australian Industrial Fiction Writers by Carole Ferrier and Stephen Knight


Objective To establish an efficient way for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH) through the combination of the hemolytic anemia(HA) associated routine tests with flow cytometry (FCM) of the red cell CD55/CD59 expression. Methods The peripheral erythrocytes and granulocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry for CD55/CD59 expression while the deficient red blood cells were further studied for forward scatter (FS), FS/CD55 and FS/CD59. Other hemolytic anemia associated tests were also employed as routine. Results PNH could be diagnosed based on the results of FCM and routine tests for peripheral erythrocytes and granulocytes, which showed the characteristic defects when the HA broke out. During remission , PNH deficient red blood cells were mainly destroyed and the peripheral blood was negative for Ham's test. FCM analysis revealed those PNH cells with CD55/CD59 deficiency and the changes of FS/CD59, which was helpful in the diagnosis and the differentiation from those PNH patients with aplastic anemia whose PNH cells also exist. Conclusions FCM analysis of the peripheral red blood cells' CD55/CD59 expression in combination with HA-related routine tests was efficient in the diagnosis of PNH.


The high yield cultivation regularity of indica rica varieties in paddy field rations in southeast Sichuan was studied through high yield cultivation trials using 25 varieties of early-middle indica rice during 1978 to 1996. The results indicated difference among varieties for sowing date, sowing rate, transplanting leaves age, the amount of N applied and transplanting seedlings per hill was not significant (P≤0 .05), but significant for the transplaning hills and the effective panicles Per ha for high yield (P≤0.05 ). Significantly negative correlations were observed between the high yield tyansplanting density and N application, the grains per panicle of varieties. There were significantly negative correlation between the effective panicles for high yield and the grains per panicle of varieties. Known a variety's grains per panicle of indica rice, we could make a decision to each variety chief cultivation technologies for high yield, because there were significantly positive correlations between grains per panicle of varieties and the length, open angle, drooping angle of 1st, 2nd and 3rd leaves from top. In conclusion, the mere the veriety's grains per panicle was, the sparser plant type was.


A method of quantitative determination of X-ray reflection phases using three-beam multiple diffraction is described. This method is derived from the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. First-order approximation is employed to take care of the multi- beam diffraction situation. Polarization and excitation of wave fields and the Lorentz factor of crystal rotation are considered. For practical purposes, instrumental broadening and crystal mosaicity are included in calculating the diffraction intensity profiles. It is found that in the theoretical formulation the phase-dependent (dynamical) diffraction distribution can be separated from the phase-independent (kinematical) diffraction background. This makes possible the quantitative determination of reflection phases.


The aim of this study is to emphasise that, in order for reading culture to be instilled and for reading to become a habit in Turkey, not only does reading as an activity need to be instilled in children at preschool level, but to also stress that public libraries need to adopt an active role in the embedding of the notion of the book and reading in the minds of children of preschool age. International standards state that public libraries should devote at least 25% of their collections, services and activities to children. Within the scope of this study, the efficiency of public libraries in terms of children?s services including the library as a space will be examined, in addition to determining the extent to which the preschool period is included in the planning of services. For the purposes of this study, a ?current situational analysis? comprising of 20 criteria was undertaken of public libraries operating in 30 different districts of Istanbul. Throughout this process, ?Guidelines for Library Services to Babies and Toddlers? prepared by IFLA was used as a reference for questionnaires and research documentation. The research carried out revealed that those public libraries that were effective and efficient in the districts in which they operated in were preferred by preschool children and their families. The results of the study also determined that these libraries were pioneering in terms of promoting reading as a habit and library use, because of the services and activities they provided.


The effect of flower and leaf removal on Primula veris was studied in two populations close to each other. Removal of both flowers and leaves resulted in decreased growth, flowering and reproduction in the next two years in both populations; there was no change in survival. In one population, removal of all flowers increased the flower number, the flower stalk length and the leaf area, and doubled the seed set in the year following the treatment. In the other population flower removal slightly decreased the seed set in the next year, while plant size did not differ from the control group. There were no significant differences in seed germinability between any of the experimental groups


Monetary policy can affect economy through out various transmission mechanisms. One of this transmission mechanisms is expectations channel. The monetary policy can get involved in expectation channel of transmission mechanism by affecting the process of expectations formation. Because  the results of policies to be implemented vary according to the expectations, the main challenge in monetary policy is to correctly manage expectations. Because of the fact that only the systematic component of monetary policy (estimated component) can affect forward looking expectations, systematic behavior of the central bank has a critical role in determining the economic consequences of monetary policy. In this study, the effectiveness of expectation channel of transmission mechanism   was analyized by VAR model.  According the results  TCMB cannot affect inflation expectations via both the inflation targets and the policy interest. On the other hand, inflation expectations are affected significantly from actualized inflation rates and exchange rates. Keywords: Central bank, Expectations, Monetary transmission mechanisms,  Monetary policy


Of 100 patients given tetanus antitoxin, 56 were given an antihistaminic drug in oral doses of 50 mg. daily for ten days following injection. The other 44 were not given antihistamine. The incidence of serum reaction in the former group was 3.6 per cent; in the latter, 20.4 per cent.


The plasmon modes of pristine and impurity doped graphene are calculated, using a real-space theory which determines the non-local dielectric response within the random phase approximation. A full diagonalization of the polarization operator is performed, allowing the extraction of all its poles. It is demonstrated how impurities induce the formation of localized modes which are absent in pristine graphene. The dependence of the spatial modulations over few lattice sites and frequencies of the localized plasmons on the electronic filling and impurity strength is discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the chemical potential and impurity strength can be tuned to control target features of the localized modes. These predictions can be tested by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.


The monitoring and simulating software (Chemist 1.0) for electroless nickel plating is developed on the basis of Delphi 7.0 , which can vividly depict the entire process of electroless nickel plating, realize a real-time monitoring of bath pH value variation, monitor and alarm the variations of bath components and make calculations necessary for adjusting bath composition. The software mainly includes computer simulation, computer monitoring, chemical analysis of composition and bath adjustment. The contents of the software, key techniques, using methods and programming process are described in detail.


Failure in auditing makes people doubt about proved quality and professional character of CPA.The problem necessary to solve in the circle of auditing profession is to analyze the reason of auditing failure and avoid or reducde incurrency of auditing failure by many kinds of ways.


Using examples from medieval Europe and Africa, an approach to understanding urban open spaces is proposed. We argue that new digital and high-resolution methodologies, combined with interpretive frameworks which stress the affective capacities of the material world, call for a reappraisal of open spaces as places of disruption, creativity, and emergent urbanity. We advance an intensive approach to create a methodological basis on which to reimagine emptiness as a stimulus for interaction, applying Deleuze and Guattari's concept of smooth/striated space. Key themes are the role of open spaces in the negotiation of power, their capacity to facilitate encounters, and their role as a resource from which distinctive forms of urbanity might emerge. The paper advocates for greater attention to be paid to open spaces in the study of medieval urbanism.


In the modern world, it is our prior responsibility to save energy effectively. Nowadays, traffic congestion is a major problem in our country, which affects the modern city's daily life routine and disturb environments. There are many problems such as travel time delay, fuel wastage, air pollution and create issues related to transport. So, traffic monitoring and controlling is the biggest challenge for traffic management authorities. So we are proposing the system whose main objective is to automate the current traffic controlling system in India. It will detect the traffic density using IR sensor. The IR sensor will send the data to the micro-controller which will be fitted in the signal post and according to the density of the traffic, the micro-controller controls the switching of the traffic light. The system will check for the multiple IR sensors reading for the density of the traffic. If the density is higher than any other lanes then the lane will get higher priority and longer time duration (green signal) for clearing out traffic. One more drawback of the old traffic management system is that the emergency vehicles are not getting that much priority as needed.


The terrorist attacks on September 11 had a profound effect on the lives of all Americans, including Asian Americans severely impacted by the economic downturn and subject to a virulent backlash directed against immigrant and minority groups. New advocacy priorities and research needs have emerged since 9/11, and we feel that this is a critical juncture at which to identify a post-9/11 Asian American civil rights advocacy and research agenda.In this essay we highlight some pressing civil rights concerns and critical research areas around which we propose a current civil rights advocacy and research agenda should be built.


In this paper a novel branch-line printed inverted-F antenna (IFA) loaded with a rectangular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed, designed, and experimentally studied. The proposed antenna shows four operating frequencies and can be used for various cellular and wireless applications (900 MHz/3.5 GHz/4.2 GHz/5.5 GHz). The antenna is compact in size having dimensions 0.059λ0 × 0.053λ0 × 0.002λ0 at the lowest resonance frequency. Each of the bands is independently tunable and shows circular polarisation (CP) in the WLAN band with linear polarization (LP) in the other three bands. The axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 1.82% in WLAN band. The simulated and fabricated results are reported in terms of S-parameters and radiation pattern. The prototype of the antenna has been fabricated and measured using VNA and simulation done in ANSYS HFSS.


In this paper, 220 kV and 500 square sheathed cable cores are studied. The temperature field distribution and current of the submarine cable are studied from two aspects of experiment and simulation. The results show that the steady-state current of the submarine cable is related to the influencing factors such as seawater temperature, laying depth and soil thermal conductivity, through simulation and experiments, it is concluded that the current of the submarine cable is negatively correlated with seawater temperature and laying depth, and positively correlated with the thermal conductivity of the soil. When the seawater temperature increases by 4 °C, the current of the submarine cable decreases by about 1 %, and the experiment result is lower than the simulation result; when the laying depth decreases by 0.2 m, the current of the submarine cable decreases by about 2 %, and the experimental result is about 3A lower than the simulation calculation result; When the soil thermal conductivity decreases by 0.1 W/km, the current of the submarine cable decreases by 7.2 %. Therefore, the soil thermal conductivity has the most significant impact on the current of the submarine cable; the transient current of submarine cable has great harm to the submarine cable, and the design of submarine cable is key considered; the experimental research and the finite element simulation analysis result are consistent, but there is a certain error, the error is within the correctable range, so the simulation can be used instead of the experiment. Research in this paper includes two parts of experiment and simulation, mutual proof, and can provide reference for future research.


From the Publisher:
Learn how to build your own radio receiver circuits, simple working antennas, and other useful projects - including a spectrum analyzer and time domain reflectometer - in this handy guide by Joseph J. Carr, one of today's most respected electronics authors. Building these hands-on projects and performing the included experiments will help you master the important theory of RF electronics and gain practical experience at the same time. Students, electronics hobbyists, ham radio operators, shortwave listeners, and other interested in the field will find thorough coverage of a variety of RF-related topics, including selecting, using, caring for, and repairing variable capacitors; designing, applying, and building RF amplifiers and receiver preselectors; building radio receiver circuits; designing and winding inductor coils for radio circuits; and building and using RF bridges. You'll also find information on types and uses of RF transmission lines, radio frequency instrument, and spectrum analyzers and time domain reflectometers.


Von Willebrand factor is made within endothelial cells, which line the inside surface of blood vessels, and bone marrow cells. The factor is made of several identical subunits. To facilitate binding to various cells and proteins, these subunits are cut into smaller pieces by an enzyme called ADAMTS13. Von Willebrand factor helps platelets stick together and adhere to the walls of blood vessels at the site of a wound. These groups of platelets form temporary clots, plugging holes in blood vessel walls to help stop bleeding. Von Willebrand factor also carries another blood clotting protein, coagulation factor VIII, to the area of clot formation.


Recent developments in quantum computing suggest that it could be possible to make conditional changes to the state of a quantum mechanical system without resorting to classical observation. It is accomplished through collective response of atoms comprising a lattice for the system and involves relative phase adjustments only. We exploit this possibility and describe experimental designs that could help elucidate quantum mechanical properties of these systems and distinguish between interpretations.


Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on postpartum uterine involution in Kundhi buffalo. The study based on the objective of evaluating the effect of vitamin E and Selenium treatment on parturition in Kundhi buffalo. The experimental animals were divided into two groups i.e. control having 10 animals and experimental group having 30 animals. The parameters studied were uterine involution, first post partum estrus, secretion of lochia and pregnancy rate.

 The results of the present investigation revealed that pregnancy determined through rectal pregnancy diagnosis and it was found that 60% positive in experimental group compare to control group which was 50%. The expulsion of placenta in experimental group after 08, 12 and 16 hours after expulsion of fetus were 70, 20, 10% respectively, whereas, in control group it was 40, 30 and 30% respectively.


The utility model provides a simple practicing device for football training and belongs to the field of sporting equipment. The simple practicing device solves the problem that due to the fact that a simple device for training the football goal shooting accuracy does not exist in the prior art, inconvenience is brought to football training. The simple practicing device comprises a base, a circular ring, tension springs and a rope ring. The base is of a dish-shaped structure filled with lead. The circular ring is fixedly connected with the base and arranged perpendicular to base. The inner side of the circular ring is provided with a plurality of tension springs. One end of each tension spring is fixedly connected with the circular ring, and the other end of each tension spring is provided with a hook or a hanging ring. The rope ring sequentially penetrates through the hooks or the hanging rings of the other ends of the tension springs. Slipknots are tied to the two ends of the rope ring. The simple practicing device is used for training the single shooting accuracy.


‡ This work supported in part by NSF grants DUE-9652785 and EEC-9221460 Abstract: This paper describes an integrated first year curriculum in computing for Computer Science and Computer Engineering students at the University of Alabama. The curriculum is built around the basic thrusts of the Foundation Coalition, and provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the study of computing for both majors.


Observation were undertaken to determine whether exposure to a visual (a model bird) or a chemical stimulus (skin extracts from a conspecific) were capable of inducing predator avoidance behaviors in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. The results showed that both visual and chemical stimuli induced predator avoidance behavior: hiding under a shelter, partially concealing themselves in gravel, freezing and ceasing to feed. To test whether the fish reacted differently to the two stimuli, the locations in the aquarium selected by the fish when exposed to the stimuli were compared. The number of fish that selected the gravel on the bottom as a hiding place was significantly greater during the visual (bird attack) than the chemical alarm cue stimulus. On the other hand, the number of fish that selected the shelter as a hiding place was significantly greater during the chemical alarm cue than the bird attack trial. These results suggest that both visual and chemical stimuli are capable of inducing predator avoidance behavior in masu salmon and that each stimulus has a different effect on their selection of hiding place.


Practical aspects of the Bargmann space representation of quantum mechanics are detailed. Models which are quantized by imposing the entirety and growth-rate conditions are analyzed. The extension of coherent state space techniques to multimode systems is accomplished, and some illustrative models are solved.


Forecasting the volatility of financial derivatives and securities returns has always been the core of financial research. Accurate volatility forecast is integral to financial risk management, which is vital for investors and supervision authorities. Traditional time series models (e.g., ARCH and GARCH models) have been famous tools for volatility forecasting. However, those models cannot capture non-linear correlations, and prediction capability is unsatisfactory. In this paper, we use multifactorial deep learning algorithms RNN, LTSM, and GRU with sentiment data to predict the future volatility of Apple (AAPL), then compare the accuracy of prediction with the GARCH model. According to the analysis, the prediction accuracy of LSTM and GRU significantly improved compared with the GARCH model. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of stock volatility prediction using deep learning algorithms. Besides, it advises investors to choose efficient stock price volatility forecasting and risk management tools.


The most adept scavengers in ecology, vultures, are on the edge of collapse. The Indian subcontinent has nine species of vultures, five of which belong to the genus Gyps and the others are the least impact. The White-rumped vulture Gyps bengalensis, Long-billed vulture Gyps indicus, and Slender-billed Gyps tenuirostris vultures were originally and until lately the most numerous variety in India. Nevertheless, during the last ten, the abundance of these vultures has plummeted across the country. The current study reports Gyps bengalensis for the first time sighted in cauldrons on the desolate Krusadai Island, located south of Pamban Island in the Gulf of Mannar. The finding of the cauldron highlights the need for long-term research into the region to locate nesting places and aid conservation and management.


Private equity firms have become important financial actors in the US defense industry in recent years—acquiring over 500 defense contractors since the early 2000s. This inquiry describes how increased capital flows into private equity funds, rising national security budgets, Pentagon policy, and rapid industry consolidation have spurred private equity investment in the businesses of American defense. Subsequently, the study demonstrates two ways private equity acquisitions of corporations in the defense industry affect US national security. First, because private equity firms often fund acquisitions through leveraged buyouts, the debt obligations of private equity–owned defense contractors are characterized by a relatively high risk of credit default. Second, the debt burden private equity firms place on defense contractors often reduces these companies' free cash flow. As an increasing number of defense contractors are acquired by private equity firms, aggregate corporate reinvestment in the defense industry may well decline, thus diminishing the ability of contractors to perform their national security obligations.
 entreprises du secteur de la défense sociétés de capital-investissement et sécurité nationale aux états-unis


Forest biomass is correlated to the factors such as remotely sensed data, vegetation indexes and topographic features. However, these factors are usually strongly correlative. The forest biomass model becomes an ill-posed one if the model is built directly with those factors. The principal components (PCs) for those factors are obtained by principal components analysis (PCA), and then the forest biomass model is built by linear regression with PCs as the input variables. In that case, not only are the most information of these factors reserved in the model, but also the multi-colliearity problem of these factors is avoided. Moreover, the number of the variables decreases and the model is optimized. The procedure for the model building is as follows: firstly the forest biomass of the plots in the evergreen broadleaved forest in Mt. Gaoligong National Nature Reserve is calculated based on the relative growth equations and the diameter of all the trees in the plot. Secondly the PCs for the 13 factors, which include 4 multi-spectral bands of B2, B3, B4, B5 of IRS in 2006, 6 kinds of vegetation index of DVI, NDVI, PVI, RVI, VI3, SLAVI , Elevation, slope and aspect generated from DEM, are analyzed by PCA. The results show that the accumulative ratio of contribution of the first 5 PCs is 98.7%. Finally, a forest biomass model is set up by regression based on these first 5 PCs. F test examination shows that forest biomass is correlated significantly to these first 5 PCs with coefficient R being 0.712 9. The remotely sensed information model based on PCA is effective for the estimation of forest biomass.


The causes of void content and its resulting effect on the material properties of structural reaction injection molded (SRIM) composites were investigated. Plaques were molded under different combinations of five two-level factors, and the resulting effect of each factor on void content was determined. The geometry of the glass reinforcement had the largest effect, as woven mats caused double the void content of random mats. Evacuating the mold cavity proved to greatly reduce void content as well. Varying the injection rate and shot size had little effect. Material property testing was conducted on groups of specimens with similar void content. Tension testing revealed no decrease in strength with increasing void content. One million cycles of tension-tension fatigue at 20% of the ultimate strength caused no decrease in strength at any void content, while fatigue at 30% caused premature failure. Impact testing showed that only very high void contents had a substantial effect on performance. Environmental conditioning showed moisture absorption proportional to void content and furthermore significantly reduced the residual tensile strength after a single thermal cycle to 0°C. These results suggest that void content in conjunction with a weak interface may have been responsible for limiting material properties.


In this paper we look at evolutionary upgrade paths to Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) on an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) . We then propose a method for providing an evolutionary upgrade to WDM in EPONs. We specifically outline an extension t the MultiPoint Control Protocol (MPCP) defined by the IEEE 802.3ah committee to allow for the evoluti nary upgrade to WDM within an EPON. We also look at some methods for the Optical Line Terminal (OLT)to manage the bandwidth allocation in the now 2 dimensions (time and wavelength). We conclude with some simulation results and some suggestions as to how to extend this work to other Passive Optical Network (PON) types, such as an ATM Passive Optical Network (APON) .


ABSTRACT This paper attempts to destabilise the ethnographic photographic genre through an exploration of some of the photographs contained in the Pauline Ingle Photographic Evaluation and Realisation (PIPER) project. By locating the collection alongside contemporary recuperative attempts to refigure the archive, the paper explores both the mutability of photographic genres and the ways in which the approaches and techniques of her photography in a rural area complicate an ethnographic reading.


The Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC is a microprocessor design principle that favours a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take same amount of time to execute. RISC architecture is used across a wide range of platforms from cellular phones to super-computers. In this paper the behavioural design and functional characteristics of 16bit RISC processor is proposed, which utilizes minimum functional units without compromising in performance. The design is based on Harvard architecture having separate data memory and instruction memory. The instruction word length is 24-bit wide. The processor supports 16 instructions with three addressing modes. It has 16 general purpose registers. Each register can store 16-bit data. The processor has 16-bit ALU capable of performing 11 arithmetical and logical operations. The processor also incorporates a flag register which indicates carry, zero and parity status of the result. All the modules in the design are coded in Verilog. The individual modules are designed and tested at each level of implementation and finally integrated in a top level module by appropriate mapping. The design entry and synthesis is done using Xilinx ISE 10.1 tool and simulation results are verified using Modelsim 10.2. Key words— RISC, 16-bit CPU, Verilog


As one of the biggest forest parks in China, Lafa Mountain National Forest Park is located in Jiaohe city, Jilin province. It was founded in 1995, including seven towns such as Lafa,Xinzhan,Tiangang,Qingling,Chishui,Songjiang and Piaohe. There are many tourism resources in the park including Lafa Mountain,the famous Songhua Lake and Laoye Mountain.This paper classifies its geographic landscapes according to the national standard.More than 30 alaskite caves with five different levels were formed in Lafa Mountain millions years ago.They were formed by means of structural collapse,magmatic gas bubble and artificial caving.In the world,it is not easy to find so many and large-sized alaskite caves as in Lafa Mountain.And there are many odd stones like men or animals in Lafa Mountain.With beautiful geographic landscapes,Lafa Mountain has been drawing people's attention.On the basis of analyzing the advantage of the tourism development,several suggestions about tourism development are brought forward.It is suggested to make a further development by exploiting new spots improving investment and so on.


Abstract This paper develops a macroprudential liquidity stress test model for Indonesian banks. Our model incorporates two factors driving liquidity runs: (i) idiosyncratic factors; and (ii) macroeconomic factors. We estimate this model using a sample of 113 banks over the period of January 2011 to June 2018, and dynamic panel data estimators. We establish significant transmission channels from macroeconomic and idiosyncratic (bank idiosyncratic risks) factors to liquidity runs. By using the macroeconomic scenario transmission, we find the liquidity stress test to be more consistent with the solvency stress test.


Abstract Psychosocial interventions have the potential to offer substantial benefit to people with dementia and their family caregivers. The Buddy Program is an experiential learning program that pairs students with persons with dementia for activities and relationship-building. Previous studies have demonstrated the program's positive impact on student knowledge and attitudes. New York University's (NYU) Alzheimer's Family Support Program began replicating the Buddy Program in 2017 and has enrolled 80 students. Northwestern University's (NU) Buddy Program, in its 22nd year, has enrolled 260. This presentation describes the impact of the program on the mentors (NU) and the caregivers (NYU). Post program focus groups with mentors and student journals describing interactions with the caregiver were thematically analyzed. Mentors describe feelings of pride in the mentorship role, enjoyment being with student, and the opportunity to develop a new friendship. Caregivers enjoyed the respite provided by the buddies, knowing that their relatives with dementia were enjoying themselves and seeing their relatives with dementia in the role of valued companion. Qualitative data from caregivers and mentors participating in the buddy programs at NU and NYU underscore the possibility that people with dementia can still make contributions to society. The buddy program has a positive impact on quality of life for persons living with dementia and their family members, while providing a valuable educational experience for students. Further research on the buddy program's benefits is warranted.