Dermoid cysts are rare, benign teratomatous congenital lesions, dermoid cysts originating from the submandibular gland are extremely rare. A 47-year-old female admitted for swelling at the right of the neck with duration of 20years. The neck ultrasonography revealed intense-content, cystic lesion containing minor fatty islets at the localization of right submandibular gland. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a dermoid cyst originating from the submandibular gland. However patient refused surgery. Although dermoid cysts are generally at midline, may also originate from the submandibular gland itself, as is the case in our patient. This case was presented in 27 Turkish National Congress of Radiology, Antalya, Turkey.


High-performance energy storage and cooling system using a refrigerant is disclosed. The system stores energy capacity in the first period is connected to a condensing unit, for cooling from the stored energy in the second period. In either period, the energy required in the system is very small, by using any coolant pump, only a small fraction of the amount of energy required to operate the system in the first period, the it is possible to operate the system in a second period of time.


Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Media and Arts ERKKILÄ, KRISTA Creating animated stickers for social media using Adobe Photoshop Bachelors thesis 54 pages, appendices 6 pages December 2019 The purpose of this thesis was to go through the pipeline of creating social media stickers from an idea to a finished product, while studying whether or not Photoshop is a feasible tool for such a project. Social media stickers have become widely used and more popular over the years, making them a viable tool for marketing. This spawned the idea to work with a client to create an animated set of social media stickers. The thesis goes through the principles of animation and uses these to see how well the animation pipeline in Photoshop fares to more commonly used animation software. It was found that while Photoshop can be used for small animated projects, it is not suitable for larger projects as it severely lacks some of the tools that are vital to create fluid, appealing animations. Animation students and those interested in learning how to animate in Photoshop can use this thesis as a beginning point to familiarize themselves with what it is like to animate in Photoshop, and whether or not they want to use such a tool for animation.


Was carried out a descriptive type investigation, of traverse court, retrospective to 323 sick persons with the cancer diagnosis of he/she suckles assisted in the Service of Oncology of the General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos of Sancti Spiritus in the period understood among January 2003 - January 2008.El cancer of he/she suckles he/she appeared with more frequency in the patients bigger than 50 years, represented by the feminine sex. The biggest number of diagnosed cases was located in the initial stadiums. To the biggest percent in the rehearsed sample they were carried out studies Imagenologico and histologicos they responded to a suspicious diagnosis of malignancy. The type more frequent histologico was the Carcinoma ductal infiltrante and the adult I number of tumors it was well differentiated. They received treatment loco-regional the entirety of the sick persons and hormonal treatment 99,6% of the cases. The biggest number of relapses appeared between 6 and 12 months after the initial treatment, belonging together with the stage III c and stadium IV of the illness.  The illness metastasica had therapeutic failure in the first year of treatment. The metastasis at distance appeared with more frequency in the stadiums III. 62 died in this period of time.


Flying satellite in formation requires maintaining the specific relative geometry of the spacecraft with high precision. This requirement raises new problem of orbit control. This paper presents the results of the mission analysis of a low Earth observation system, the interferometric wheel, patented by CNES. This wheel is made up of three receiving spacecraft, which follow an emitting Earth observation radar satellite. The first part of this paper presents trades off which were performed to choose orbital elements of the formation flying which fulfils all constraints. The second part presents orbit positioning strategies including reconfiguration of the wheel to change its size. The last part describes the station keeping of the formation. Two kinds of constraints are imposed by the interferometric system : a constraint on the distance between the wheel and the radar satellite, and constraints on the distance between the wheel satellites. The first constraint is fulfilled with a classical chemical station keeping strategy. The second one is fulfilled using pure passive actuators. Due to the high stability of the relative eccentricity of the formation, only the relative semi major axis had to be controlled. Differential drag due to differential attitude motion was used to control relative altitude. An autonomous orbit controller was developed and tested. The final accuracy is a relative station keeping better than few meters for a wheel size of one kilometer.


The atomic-orbital close-coupling formalism is a well-known method for the semiclassical treatment of ion-atom collisions. Cross sections for these kinds of collisions are mainly needed in the analysis of certain spectroscopic data from nuclear fusion experiments as well as astrophysical data. We shall outline how the computational implementation can be improved in such a way that collisions involving heavy, highly charged impurity ions, such as Ar18+ can be treated. Furthermore we show and discuss exemplary results.


Due to severe resource restrictions, many established cryptographic schemes are not executable in sensor and actuator networks. Especially for key exchange algorithms (KE), the foundation of many cryptographic protocols, the situation is extremly challenging as most KE rely on elaborate computations and/or huge data. Hence, there is a continuous search for KE with reduced complexity. Observe that most KE burden the same workload on both communication partners. In this paper, we follow a different approach that respects the usually asymmetric capabilities of network nodes and users. We describe a key agreement protocol that allows for pushing the workload almost completely to the stronger device, e.g., the user. This allows to get any desired security level, independent of the capabilities of the weak device.


Abstract Nuurcala obesa sp. n., in the cockroach family Caloblattinidae, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Liaoning Province, China) based on a combination of differential characters of fore- and hind wing venation, colouration and body structures. Systematically, Nuurcala (Vršanský, 2003), known from the Cretaceous sediments of Bon Tsagaan and Khurilt, Mongolia, is closely related to other genera of Caloblattinidae known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous localities in other parts of Asia.


The question of who pays for employer-sponsored insurance has been debated for decades, with
economists holding fast to the theory that workers pay through lower wages, and non-economists by and
large responding that employers pay. This paper discusses what the literature says about the incidence of
payments for employer-sponsored health insurance, the gaps that remain in our understanding of the
issue, and the implications of these matters for current health policy debates. (Health Affairs 1999
November/December; 18(6): 58-61).


Using DEA method, the paper measures the 19 economies' total factor productivity in 1990-2012 including input of energy and mineral resources, and then empirically tests the influence of exports on technology progress based on Prebisch's "Core and Periphery Theory". Results indicate that exports of "peripheral" states hinder its technology progress, while "core" states' exports promote its technology progress. The heterogeneity further reveals value chain division fixed by intra-product trade dominated by multinational corporations, and developing countries have been locked in Production and assembly process, developed countries manage the joint production of international production factors relying on technological superiority. The unfair distribution of value chain cause the economy growth of "peripheral" countries under enormous pressure, and the consumption and output of a large number of low-level production factor reduce the potential of its long-run economic growth.


The invention discloses a scale plate moving device performing unidirectional driving lifting. The scale plate moving device comprises a main machine frame, a scale plate moving machine frame movably inserted in the main machine frame, a scale plate inserted in the scale plate moving machine frame and a lifting driving mechanism which is installed on the main machine frame and used for driving the scale plate moving machine frame to move. A magnet is arranged on the side wall of the main machine frame, an iron frame where a glass substrate is installed is adsorbed to the main machine frame, and the glass substrate is vertically arranged and adheres to the scale plate. The lifting driving mechanism comprises a unidirectional quantitative driving device. The unidirectional quantitative driving device can rotate unidirectionally to drive the scale plate moving machine frame to lift, misoperation which makes the scale plate moving machine frame life is avoided, the scale plate moving machine frame is prevented from losing a datum line, and lineation accuracy is improved.


The setting of priorities among the various performance objectives is one of the main activities in the formulation of manufacturing strategy. Recognizing the importance of this activity and using the nomenclature of "perceived-value criteria", this paper reports an analysis of competitive priorities of a fitness center, which was an essential part of a broader process aimed at the formulation of operations strategy for the company. After a brief literature review, the article proposes a model for the analysis of perceived-value criteria in service operations that, among other tools, makes use of importance-performance matrix and trade-off analysis. To validate its applicability, the proposed model was field-tested in an action research approach, in which one of the authors of this paper played the role of external facilitator of the process of organizational intervention. The application of the model allowed identifying the processes and the perceived-value criteria (PVC's) that should be prioritized by the company, using for this, two bases of comparison: the direct competitors of its influence area and the benchmark fitness centers (best practices). As a result, the firm's managers were able to better decide about the different strategic alternatives to improve its operations.


We contrast two types of experiments: pull-out experiments, in which students are pulled out of their normal educational environment and curriculum-embedded experiments, in which student experience experimental conditions as a normal consequence of proceeding through a curriculum. We argue that, for practical reasons, curriculum-embedded experiments are preferred for large-scale experimentation in schools, and such experiments may also avoid issues with ecological validity. The choice to use a curriculum-embedded approach affects methods used for randomization, subject screening and the way that student experience after the experiment concludes is affected by the experiment, even for students who did not themselves participate.


As a result of the reforms of the Soviet state on women's issues in the territory of our country, women became literate. From women came well-known representatives of varios fields. Alternatively, employed women were dismissed illegally for various social reasons under varios pretexts. This article describes how such women suffer economically and mentally.Keywords:Uzbek woman, illiteracy courses, public investigator, social background, qori, commander


Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been introduced for the treatment of high-risk patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) provides the therapeutic armamentarium for all complex valvular pathologies and is the established gold standard. TAVI has initially been restricted to non-operable patients. The extension of this treatment modality to less complex patient populations warrants a thorough comparison of safety and efficacy vis-a-vis SAVR. Perioperative mortality of SAVR for high-risk subpopulations such as octogenarians, patients with impaired LV function or previous sternotomy ranges from 5 to 19%. Peri-interventional mortality rates for TAVI amount to 6–23%. Reported stroke rates average 2–5% with both treatment modalities. While TAVI does not require cardiopulmonary bypass or general anesthesia, the spectrum of peri-interventional complications is extended to vascular access site complications as well as atrioventricular conductance disturban...


The rationality of science and economics, and the politics of development often silence the struggles of individuals and communities exposed to the risks of indiscriminate use of pesticides. This article highlights the aftermath of aerially spraying endosulfan, a toxic pesticide, in Kasaragod District of Kerala. It analyses the economic and political forces that have come together to push aside the struggles of affected individuals and communities whose experiences contradict the science-dominant public discourse in the state. Though endosulfan has been banned, those suffering from serious disabilities due to its use are still to receive adequate help.


The contribution is devoted to the parameter identifiability problem of (nonlinear) PDE systems. Especially, we discuss the (local) identifiability of parameters along a trajectory. The analysis relies on a coordinate‐free formulation for systems, including boundary conditions, and we motivate an approach by (Lie) transformation groups, whose success for PDE systems depends on a consequent extent to the accompanying boundary conditions. The (non‐)identifiability of parameters is related to the (non‐)existence of group generators, wherewith (local) conditions can be derived. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We study the problem of incorporating risk while making combinatorial decisions under uncertainty. We formulate a discrete submodular maximization problem for selecting a set using conditional value at risk (CVaR), a risk metric commonly used in financial analysis. While the CVaR has recently been used in the optimization of linear cost functions in robotics, we take the first step toward extending this to discrete submodular optimization and provide several positive results. Specifically, we propose the sequential greedy algorithm that provides an approximation guarantee on finding the maxima of the CVaR cost function under a matroid constraint. The approximation guarantee shows that the solution produced by our algorithm is within a constant factor of the optimal and an additive term that depends on the optimal. Our analysis uses the curvature of the submodular set function and proves that the algorithm runs in polynomial time. This formulates a number of combinatorial optimization problems that appear in robotics. We use two such problems, i.e., vehicle assignment under uncertainty for mobility on demand and sensor selection with failures for environmental monitoring, as case studies to demonstrate the efficacy of our formulation. We also study the problem of adaptive risk-aware submodular maximization. We design a heuristic solution that triggers the replanning only when certain conditions are satisfied, to eliminate unnecessary planning. In particular, for the online mobility-on-demand study, we propose an adaptive triggering assignment algorithm that triggers a new assignment only when it can potentially reduce the waiting time at demand locations. We verify the performance of the proposed algorithms through simulations.


This paper presents a Direct Torque Controller for the induction machine. The controller uses TMS320LF2407A DSP to praess the data from the induction machine. The signal for PWM is obtained with the DTC algorithm.


AbstractA transverse injection into high-speed freestreams is a significant principle applied to realistic engineering applications, such as drag reduction, fuel service in a scramjet combustor, an...


Correction for 'Effects of LiBOB on salt solubility and BiF3 electrode electrochemical properties in fluoride shuttle batteries' by Asuman Celik Kucuk et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 8559–8567.


The traditional approach for the prediction of noise radiated from induction motors is usually based on a deterministic approach in which the motor is modeled using finite element and/or boundary element methods (FEM/BEM). A great deal of structural details have to be modeled using the deterministic approach. While these deterministic methods have been shown to provide reasonable estimates of the radiated acoustic noise at low frequencies (usually well below 2 kHz) and for small motors, the demands on computing memory and time render calculations at high frequencies and for large motors almost impossible to make. In this paper, a statistical method especially suited for calculations at high frequencies is introduced. The statistical approach does not require the same amount of details to be modeled as in the FEM/BEM because only the averaged noise within a given frequency band is sought. Furthermore, it utilizes the analytical results obtained from simple structural elements that make up the motor structure. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the method, its ability to discern the contribution of various components of a motor to the overall radiated noise and substantial savings in the computational effort compared with FEM/BEM.


The invention discloses a plasma photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparation of nano gold solution, namely, adding a chloroauric acid solution into water, heating to a boiling state, adding a citric acid mixed solution while stirring, cooling to room temperature to obtain a nano gold solution, and dispersing the nano gold particles into acetone to obtain the nano gold acetone solution; and preparation of nano gold embedded titanium dioxide sample, namely, dissolving titanium alkoxide in ethylene glycol to obtain a titanium ethylene glycol chelated solution, adding the titanium ethylene glycol chelated solution into the nano gold acetone solution while stirring to obtain a precursor, filtering, drying, and carrying out high-temperature sintering to obtain the nano gold/titanium dioxide plasma photocatalyst. The monodisperse spherical submicron nano gold embedded titanium dioxide plasma photocatalyst enhances the visible light utilization ratio in sunlight, has higher photocatalytic efficiency in the aspects of photocatalytic pollutant degradation, hydrogen production by visible light catalytic decomposition of water and the like, and has wide application prospects.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micronutrient content in the leaves of Phaseolus lunatus L. fertilized with MB-4®. The research was carried out in two consecutive experiments, with a 2x5 randomized factorial block design and four replicates, in which two native varieties of Phaseolus lunatus L. were evaluated (Lima bean 'Cara Larga' and Lima bean 'Branca') based on responses to five varying doses of MB-4® (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 g hole-1). Leaf analyses were performed to quantify nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Leaf analysis indicated that N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels increased significantly in the second year of cultivation, and that only B content decreased. The contents of N, P, Ca, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn were within the recommended range, whereas only K and Mg were outside the recommended range for the species. The values found between 200 and 400 g hole-1, corresponding to 4 and 8 t ha-1 of MB-4®, respectively, were the ones that contributed the most to the nutrient content increase in Lima bean varieties


Matrix factorization models often reveal the low-dimensional latent structure in high-dimensional spaces while bringing space efficiency to large-scale collaborative filtering problems. Improving training and prediction time efficiencies of these models are also important since an accurate model may raise practical concerns if it is slow to capture the changing dynamics of the system. For the training task, powerful improvements have been proposed especially using SGD, ALS, and their parallel versions. In this paper, we focus on the prediction task and combine matrix factorization with approximate nearest neighbor search methods to improve the efficiency of top-N prediction queries. Our efforts result in a meta-algorithm, MMFNN, which can employ various common matrix factorization models, drastically improve their prediction efficiency, and still perform comparably to standard prediction approaches or sometimes even better in terms of predictive power. Using various batch, online, and incremental matrix factorization models, we present detailed empirical analysis results on many large implicit feedback datasets from different application domains.


CdS nanoparticle films were prepared on the PANI film,PATP film,Au film and ITO respectively by constant current deposition or current impulse method,and their structure and character were also studied.The results show that the substrates influence the structure and character of CdS particle film.


Recent speculation about the "overproduction" of PhD's has overlooked the long-term stagnation in doctorates relative to bachelors' degrees and in doctorates granted to American citizens. PhD programs have failed to develop the flexibility needed for articulation with nonacademic careers due to departmental sovereignty, a queuing pattern of demand, the quality imperative, and institutional sponsorship. The PhD today represents too much training for many potential students, yet it is too little training for its traditional markets. Hence, a more segmented structure for graduate education ought to be explored.


In this paper, a novel stochastic robust method is proposed for multiuser distributed relay beamforming systems. All of the channels are subject to complex Gaussian uncertainty. The robust problem is formulated to minimize the total power transmission of the relays, which are subject to the outage probabilistic quality of service (QoS) constraint at each receiver. Based on a new quadratic type of confidence interval inequality for the quadratic form of the Gaussian random variable, the original outage-based problem is reformulated to a nonconvex semidefinite programming (SDP) with a rank constraint. By using the semidefinite relaxation technique, this issue turns into a convex optimization problem, consisting of mixed semidefinite and conic quadratic constraints. A customized stochastic programming technique is proposed to obtain a solution to the original problem. Three other competitive approaches are numerically compared to the proposed method, which are: 1) the robust stochastic method which is based on the central limit theorem (CLT) approximation; 2) the Berenstain inequality approach; and 3) the worst-case robust approach, which is adapted to our stochastic scenario. The first and second methods do not meet the outage constraints whereas the third method qualifies the constraints but it is outperformed by our proposed method in terms of its transmission power.


The invention relates to the semiconductor technology, in particular to a CSTBT manufacturing method. According to the basic technology of a CSTBT manufacturing method, an N-type field cut-off region 2 and an N-drifting region 3 are sequentially grown epitaxially on a P+ monocrystalline silicon wafer substrate; after a front face groove-gate MOS technology is formed, the back face is thinned. According to the main technical scheme, selective injection and low temperature annealing are performed on the back face H+ of the wafer, donors relevant to hydrogen are activated, and an N-type CS layer located at the bottom of the Pbody base region is formed. Finally, the back face metallization technology is applied, and then a complete structure of a CSTBT is formed. The CSTBT manufacturing method has the advantages of reducing manufacturing technological difficulty and lowing manufacturing cost and particularly for manufacturing the CSTBT.


A large problem that primary schools face is that the ratio of pupils to teachers is too high, the class sizes are too large and this makes it difficult for a single teacher to have a good oversight of how the development of a given child is going. The aim of Interactive Robotics is to tackle this problem by bringing robots into the classroom to aid teachers. They aim to have a single robot in a classroom that has the ability to teach different lessons and subjects; the RekenRobot being specifically for basic arithmetic. During the research phase, ideas were gathered regarding how to create teaching methods that are motivating and stimulating. For instance, personalisation, humanising the robot and adaptability of the teaching material were desired functions. The software for the RekenRobot was built from scratch, using the programming language GOAL, JavaScript, CSS, HTML and JSP. The original target audience of the project were children between the ages of 6 and 8. Later this was changed to cover different school years: 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8, making use of levels with different degrees of difficulty. The robot can work one-on-one with a child, being able to practice addition, subtraction, times tables and telling time, as well as 2 forms of explanations can be given: making use of a bus and a number line. Using no explanation to rather focus on automation is also an option. The idea of the project was to lay the groundwork for the later development of the RekenRobot, as this will be an ongoing project for Interactive Robotics. The application designed in this project will be adapted to become part of the Interactive Robotics system. The first user tests at primary schools yielded a largely positive result. The children were excited and motivated to work with the product. The system is simple enough to require very little explanation. This project was never meant to realise a product that can be deployed tomorrow, but the result is a very solid basis for further improvements.


Scientific Computing is an exciting and growing area that provides an important link between Computer Science and the Engineering and Physical Sciences. Today, computer graphics and geometric modeling are used routinely in science, engineering, business; and entertainment. In this thesis we develop object-oriented techniques and software for computing and visualizing implicitly defined manifolds ("surfaces") that arise a wide range of applications. The software differs from existing software for computing such manifolds in its software architecture. Furthermore, its algorithms are based on numerical continuation methods, rather than on subdivision techniques, which allows its practical application to the computation of two-dimensional manifolds in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces. The overall software provides a graphical user interface, algorithms for computing two-dimensional manifolds in higher-dimensional spaces, and graphics routines to visualize the manifolds.


Traditionally, advanced age has been considered a major factor for increased LOS and healthcare costs.
However, recent studies suggest that comorbidity may have an equal, if not greater, effect on LOS and
mortality as age in a variety of clinical scenarios. The elderly are the most rapidly growing part of the
population in developed countries and pacemakers (PM) are commonly implanted in this population. In this
retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of comorbidity on LOS and mortality, as compared to
age, in patients undergoing new PM implantation. 257 elective and non-elective patients that underwent
new PM implantation were included in the study. The median follow-up time was 20 (15-25) months. A
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) > 1 resulted to be a significant predictor for the excess of LOS, whereas
age did not significantly predict excess of LOS. Elderly patients (age > 75 years) with low comorbidity
burden (CCI < 1) showed no significant differences with regards to LOS and mortality when compared to
younger patients. Considering the findings of our study, when considering patients for PM implantation,
comorbidity burden rather than age should be the driving factor in the approach of indication of PM
implantation.


To be consistent with sustainable innovation, production and consumption evolution, business model design needs to be reconsidered to jointly redefine the value proposition, the productive organization, the remuneration modalities and the customer relationship. This paper shows how business model design could help to manage the transition from intensive innovation toward sustainable innovation. First, we distinguish two visions of business model: a representative vision, and an interactionist vision in which the business model acts as an intermediary object. Then, we choose to adopt the interactionist vision diverting the representative canevas of business model as an intermediary object. This approach is supposed to support the co-evolution of business models and technologies leading to the design of sustainable innovation. We have tested this methodology with industrial partners in order to move toward PSS offers as sustainable innovation. Our results suggest that business model can become a privileged tool for facilitating this transition. This finding leads us to formalize a method supporting decision in order to help industrials to define their sustainable transition.


In this thesis we focus on the mathematical and numerical aspects of the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind due to their wide range of physical application such as heat conducting radiation, elasticity, potential theory and electrostatics. After the classification of these integral equations we will investigate some analytical and numerical methods for solving the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Such analytical methods include: the degenerate kernel methods, the Adomain decomposition method, the modified decomposition method and the method of successive approximations. The numerical methods that will be presented here are: Projection methods including collocation method and Galerkin method, Degenerate kernel approximation methods and Nystrom methods. The mathematical framework of these numerical methods together with their convergence properties will be analyzed. Some numerical examples implementing these numerical methods have been obtained for solving a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The numerical results show a closed agreement with the exact solution.


The research conducted under NASA Research Grant has been reported periodically throughout the duration of this grant. This research has been coordinated with the work supported by NASA Graduate Student Research Grant awarded to further the graduate doctoral program of Kira Jorgensen. This work will continue through the completion of Kira Jorgensen's Ph.D. program in May, 2000.


The dependence of the electron effective mass m* on the band gap E0 has been studied in the quaternary alloy GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y (y=2.2x) for the two compositions y=0.55 and y=1.0. As hydrostatic pressure was applied m* was measured by magnetophonon resonance while E0 was determined by photoconductivity techniques. It was observed that the rate of increase of m* was much larger than predicted by the three-band or multiband formulations of the k.p theory based on the authors experience of III-V compound semiconductors. It has been tentatively concluded that alloy disorder profoundly affects the k.p interaction in semiconductors.


The hardship of expanding the cellular network market results from the tremendous high cost of mobile infrastructure, i.e. the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and the operational expenditures (OPEX). Spectrum Sharing is one of the proposed solution for the high-cost of scalability of cellular networks. However, most of the proposed spectrum pooling frameworks in the literature are
mostly approached from a technical view besides there are no good cost models based on real datasets for quantifying the circumstances under which sharing the spectrum and network resources would be beneficial to mobile operators.
In this thesis, by studying different sharing scenarios in a fiber-based backhaul mobile network, we assess the incentives for service providers (SPs) to share spectrum/infrastructure in different cellular market areas/economic areas (CMA/BEAs) with different population density, allocated bandwidth (BW), spectrum bid values and considering different network topologies. Moreover, we look at the technical problem of sharing the spectrum between two SPs sharing the same basestation (BS), yet they have different traffic demand as well as different QoS constraints. We design a resource allocation scheme to provision real-time (RT), non-real-time (NRT) as well as Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) traffic in a single shared BS scenario such that SPs achieve isolation, fairness and enforce their QoS constraints.
Finally, we exploit spectrum pooling to develop an approach for dynamically re-configuring the base stations that survive a disaster and are powered by a microgrid to form a multi-hop mesh network in order to provide local cellular service.


Objective To explore the application effect of micro-screw implant anchorage in orthodontic treatment of bimaxillary protrusion. Methods Orthodontic treatment by micro-screw implant anchorage was applied in 48 bimaxillary protrusion patients. X-Ray was taken before and after treatment. The values of middle incisor labial inclination(U1-SN), under incisor labial inclination(L1-MP), and the angle of long axis of middle and under incisor(U1-L1) were observed. Complications after treatment were recorded. Results After treatment, the values of U1-SN, L1-MP, and U1-L1 were remarkably improved in the 48 cases, and the difference had statistical significance(P0.05). Follow-up for all the patients showed that there were no complications as loose and fallen appliance, and local infection and swelling. Conclusion The application of micro-screw implant anchorage has good biocompatibility and stability, and it contains important value in the orthodontic treatment of bimaxillary protrusion. It is also worthy of further clinical promotion and application.


Position and orientation system (POS) has been used widely for airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) motion compensation. In order to improve the navigating precision of POS, first the nonlinear mathematics model based on quaternion error equations is established, then one method of combining unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the other method of combining model predictive filter (MPF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used in POS, and comparing these two methods with EKF and KF in precision and real time. The results of flight tests show that the method of combining UPF and EKF has the best precision and convergence in these four methods, and the method of combining MPF and EKF decreasing the time of computing by reducing the number of states.


This research is aimed at the export of wool sweaters to New York, United States, which required a field study specifically of the city of Otavalo, Knowing of the labor and economic situation of the textile producers from Otavalo, their cultural heritage is passed on through the unique clothing that makes it desired by foreigners; unfolding a market for export; with the demand for hand crafted products by utilizing proper guidance to the process of international economic bargaining to improve the economic condition for the producer. The production of textiles using 100% natural wool, adds value that the American market appreciates. With the added value of the material, the customer responds favorably in consumption. There is cooperation from the government for the development and export of handicrafts through incentives that are listed in the Organic Code of Production, support by funding banks and facilitation of customs; assisting the insertion of this product in the local and international markets. The export of merchandise to the United States is focused on several grounds among which is the antecedent to be the biggest importer of Ecuador as corroborated by statistics found at specialized sites (Central Bank of Ecuador, PRO ECUADOR, Trade map, etc.). The survey of the target population in terms of their tastes and preferences for clothing of this type (made by hand) for the Ecuadorian winter. The statistical information referred to in Chapter III, demonstrates the tendencies, trends and evolution of the product according to this tariff heading. This provides a clearer view of the accessibility of the product and the potential to provide the persistent demand. The requirements and processes of the foreign trade are also made convenient by using the FOB incoterm and export logistics for the proper handling of the product. This knowledge helps minimize the costs and risks resulting in the efficiency of international negotiation between the parties.


This study is analyze to trace the development of Buddism from the latter Koryo Dynasty to Early Chosun Dynasty. Among the...


Aim and background Public concern on an increased incidence of childhood leukemia in SW Sardinia prompted the authors to an epidemiological investigation. Methods Incident childhood neoplasms observed in the Cagliari province (Sardinia - Italy) in 1974-1989 were registered. Expected cases of the most frequent childhood cancers were calculated for each town, based on the sex-and age-specific incidence rates in the province. Results An excess risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was observed in Carbonia, a town located in the SW part of the province. The risk was highest in 1983-85, when 7 cases occurred versus 0.8 expected (RR = 8.7; 95 % C.I. = 4.6, 16.3). No spatial clustering of ALL cases was observed within the town. Conclusions A significantly higher than expected incidence of childhood ALL was observed in the town of Carbonia in 1983-85. In alternative to chance, possible exposure to environmental pollutants from a near industrial settlement is discussed as the cause of the observed excess, but it is far to be proven. Other hypotheses, including a viral infection in a population with increased susceptibility, as suggested for new urban settlements, cannot be discarded.


I-Palmitoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was studied for its influence on the chemotaxis and ultrastructure of human neutrophils. By itself, LPA had no effect on the indices of chemotaxis or random migration of neutrophils. However, LPA on either the cellular or attractant side of Boyden chambers significantly enhanced the chemotactic responses of neutrophils to suboptimal concentrations of formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine. The enhancement of chemotaxis was achieved with concentrations of LPA (120-240 pM) that had no effect alone on neutrophil ultrastructure. The results, taken together with recent advances in knowledge of the role of the phosphatidylinositol turnover response in medi-ating effects of stimulating agents on cells, may provide a novel concept for understand- ing neutrophil chemotaxis. (Am J Pathol 1980, 100:609-618) analyzed statistically and compared by the paired-sample t test. Cells prepared for electron microscopy were incubated at 37 C for 30 minutes in HBSS with albumin alone or with LPA at 240 ,iM and/or FMP at 0.35 ,tg/ml. The initial fixation was with equal volumes of 0.2% glutaraldehyde in HBSS. After 10 minutes, the cells were separated for scanning (SEM) or transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination. The former were fixed in suspension with 1% glutaraldehyde for 60 minutes and placed on coverslips for dehydration and critical-point drying. The dried coverslips were coated with carbon and gold and examined in a Cambridge S4-10 microscope at 20 kV. The cells for TEM examination were spun to a pellet, and fixation was completed with 1% glutar- aldehyde in HBSS for 30 minutes, followed by 30 minutes in 1% osmium tetroxide/1.5% potassium ferrocyanide in distilled water. The cell pellets were dehydrated and embedded in Epon by standard methods. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined in a Philips 301 microscope at 80 kV.


Both problem drinker and non-problem drinker college students and adult women assigned major responsibility for problem drinking internally to the problem drinker (N = 479). A distressing event and present or past environment received the next highest responsibility ratings in all groups. Actor-observer differences predicted by Jones and Nisbett (1971) did not occur. However, persons were likely to rate several causes as responsible for drinking problems. Female college students were more likely to perceive drinking problems as due to external factors and less likely to believe them due to heredity than were older women.


The effects of submarine groundwater on the native plankton populations of a coastal area were examined through a series of in situ groundwater addition experiments carried out during the summer in a Mediterranean embayment. Different percentages (4, 8, 10 and 12%) of groundwater extracted from 2 intertidal coastal localities subjected to different land uses were added to picoplankton-dominated natural populations. The responses of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton biomass were analyzed. The biomass of the phytoplankton community increased by as much as 96% above the mean initial value in ammonium-enriched groundwater and by a maximum of 400% in groundwater enriched in nitrate. Groundwater additions were fol- lowed by an enhancement in the biomass of all major autotrophic groups, with the most notable response in picophytoplankton, whereas bacterioplankton abundance increased only slightly. The abundance of diatoms was initially low although their growth rates increased faster than those of dinoflagellates, thus shifting the community composition towards a higher relative microphyto- plankton proportion. An initial dinoflagellate community dominated by small naked dinoflagel- lates shifted to one characterized by a high abundance of Prorocentrum minimum. Our results demonstrate that, even in areas with low anthropogenic activity, groundwater discharges to the coast can effectively stimulate autotrophic plankton growth, thereby producing shifts in the microbial food-web structure of coastal waters. This, in turn, increases the possibility of outbreaks of opportunistic species, which can eventually result in harmful algal bloom episodes.


In terms of Altaic languages it is possible to make those conclusions about the semantic nature of the language, which have not yet been made in general linguistics. In general linguistics the basis of such conclusions is originality of the structure of these languages: they have some peculiarities which help to achieve the higher degree of «purity» of semantic research. Any semantic potention, due to its extensive family and rich dialectal material, appears to be realized, that makes possible the verification of conclusions and hypothesis, based on concrete actual data, concerning the nature of semantic regularity in the Altaic family languages.


IODP Expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) : A First Look at the Cenozoic Paleoceanography of the Central Arctic Ocean


Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are used for communication applications due to their small size and low cost. Lower gain and narrow bandwidth are the major drawbacks of a patch antenna. Therefore, slotting and defect ground structure (DGS) is used in order to make the antenna able to achieve higher gain and larger bandwidth. Furthermore, the antenna are able to operate at multiband of frequency which are 2.4 GHz, 4.1 GHz and 4.8 GHz. Microstrip patch antenna is simulated in CST software and followed with fabrication process. Result are compared between conventional antenna with simulation and measurement result of multiband microstrip patch antenna. Result show that enhancement of bandwidth is achieved if compared to the conventional antenna. The bandwidth for simulation conventional antenna is the bandwidth for frequency 2.4 GHz is 76 MHz from 2.45 GHz to 2.53 GHz, for frequency 4.1 GHz is 183.2 MHz from 3.97 GHz to 4.15 GHz. and for frequency 4.8 GHz is 246 MHz from 4.75 GHz to 5.0 GHz. The bandwidth for simulation multiband microstrip patch antenna is the bandwidth for frequency 2.4 GHz is increased to 100.9 MHz from 2.38 GHz to 2.49 GHz. Furthermore, the frequency 4.1 GHz is 182.7 MHz from 4 GHz to 4.18 GHz and the bandwidth for frequency 4.8 GHz is increased to 405.4 MHz from 4.60 GHz to 5.01 GHz. The return loss magnitude achieved below than -10 dB with application of slot and defect ground structure on the antenna. As a result, the antenna can operate in WiMAX frequency range (2.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz) and therefore suitable for WiMAX application.


The adsorption of CO on electrodes of nanometer thin films of transition metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru) and alloys (PtPd, PtRu) prepared under cyclic voltammetric conditions has been studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The abnormal infrared effects (AIREs) have been explored as a novel and general phenomenon. The AIREs consist mainly in the inversion of the direction of IR band and the significant enhancement of IR absorption by adsorbed CO species. It was revealed that the enhanced IR absoroption of adsorbed species in AIREs depends strongly on the nature of metal or alloy, and on the structure and the thickness of the thin film. The investigation of AIREs will contribute not only to develop the theory of reflectance IR spectroscopy as well as interfacial electrochemistry, but also to increase the determining sensitivity in applications of interfacial and surface analysis.


Parental knowledge of normative child development is an important determinant of effective parenting. There has been a proliferation of measures of this construct in recent years, although very little is known about the reliability and validity of these measures. The present study examined the reliability and validity of three of these measures and found that only one of the three is adequate. Caution is urged in the use of the numerous available measures of parental knowledge of normative child development.


Background and Aim: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide and more in developing countries including India. As women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their children are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus in future, special attention should be paid to this population especially in developing countries. Because widely different prevalence rates have been observed in studies in different regions of India, multiple regional studies in different subtypes of populations are needed for quantifying prevalence data. The present study is, therefore, undertaken to study the prevalence of GDM in women attending a tertiary care hospital in Guntur. Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional study among 500 pregnant women. Sample size calculated from previous prevalence studies. In the present study, the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) guidelines has been followed for screening of subjects. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is 10.4%. There is no significant variation in prevalence with age or religion. Conclusion: The prevalence is high and early screening is useful in proper control of sugar levels.


Objective To discuss the prescription dose caculation of radiotheraphy,especially the inregular fields dose calculation means of electron beams.To build its calculation models and design it into programs.Methods Built the mathematics model of the relation of fields size and sent out by theory,and compared the program calculation results with the practice messure results.Results The error between the program prescription dose calculation results and the practice messure results:the X-rays was less than absolute value 1 percent,and the electron beams was less than absolute value 2.5 percent.It met the demand.Conclusion The ways of fact field long-width can be used in the prescription dose calculation of electron beams.The prescription dose calculation system can be used in the physical dose caculation of radiotherapy general in all kinds of therapy machines beyond irradiation.


Wear adjustment device for a fluid-operated actuation system of a friction clutch, comprising at least the following components: - is an intermediate cylinder which is communicatively connected between a master cylinder and a slave cylinder; - a floating piston disposed in the intermediate cylinder so that a first variable chamber to the master cylinder back and a second variable chamber to the slave cylinder is formed out, and by means of a pressure change in the master cylinder or in the slave cylinder in the intermediate cylinder is movable back and forth; - at least an elastic separation unit on the piston, which separates the first chamber and the second chamber fluidly - a first stop in the first chamber and a second stop in the second chamber, which limit the travel of the floating piston; and - an overflow means which, when the piston is at the second stop, or at least reduces the separating action of the at least one separating unit and so allows pressure equalization between the first chamber and the second chamber. The proposed here wear adjustment, it is possible to compensate automatically with simple means the wear of a friction lining for a normally open friction clutch for the master cylinder.


Above 60 and below 45°C, no growth occurred in cultureswith strain AH. No propionate oxidation occurred whenbacteriawereculturedwithMethanospirillumhungatiiDSM864at 37°C, showingthat the enriched bacteriawereclearlydifferent from previously described mesophilic propionateoxidizers (7, 9, 21).DISCUSSIONResults obtained in this study show clearly that thestability ofmethanogens against starvation is the determin-ing factor for a successful enrichment of thermophilic,


Over the past generation Americans have forged a powerful consensus in our public and social life against stereotyping people based upon race, faith, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, and the like. Having grown up in the American South in the 1940's and 1950's, I shiver to recall the macabre world of "white" and "colored" drinking fountains and state-enforced school segregation through which I passed. Schoolyard humor centered on ethnic slurs; Polish jokes were particular favorites. Still in my day as a law student, The New York Times classified its help wanted columns by gender. Happily, my children are growing up in a society that is bent on casting off ethnic and other stereotyping. The message for today's youth is that neither race nor gender nor ethnic origin defines or limits human potential. Women can be firefighters or physicians; recently, a Polish American succeeded an African American as leader of the armed forces. It is odd, therefore, to find Oscar Chase in the pages of this journal! telling on the Americans what amounts to the Polish joke of comparative law. The Americans, he says, are so defectively endowed, so culturally impaired, that they cannot learn from the stunning success of other systems of civil justice. Chase's essay is directed at (or more precisely, directed to evading the import of) an article that I published a decade ago, The German Advantage in Civil Procedure.2 Basing himself upon tired ethnic stereotypes about the individualism of Americans and the authoritarianism of Germans, Chase says that the disgraceful, truth-defeating excesses of adversary civil procedure in the United States deserve immunity from a critique that is based upon comparative example. He asserts that our litigation mess embodies our culture, hence that we


Pang et.al. [1] presented Max-Mahalanobis center (MMC) loss and argued that MMC loss is adversarial more robust 4 than SCE. The author's SCE loss conveys inappropriate supervisory signals to the model, leading to sparse sample 5 density in the feature space. In this reproducibility challenge we verify the claims that training with MMC loss produces 6 adversarially robust models while also enabling accuracy comparably with models trained with SCE loss. 7


The invention provides an unlocking method and an unlocking device for a mobile terminal and the mobile terminal. The unlocking method includes the following steps, a step one is that when the mobile terminal runs the application, the mobile terminal detects how many times a user clicks a screen of the mobile terminal in a certain period and/or clicking frequency; a step two is that whether the mobile terminal is in a constant use state is determined according to the number of clicks and/or the clicking frequency; a step three is that if the mobile terminal is in a constant use state, a sensor of the mobile terminal is used for detecting whether the mobile terminal is touched when the mobile terminal is in a screen-locking state; and the step four is that if the senor detects that the mobile terminal is touched, the mobile terminal is unlocked accordingly. According to the unlocking method, when the mobile terminal which runs the application is in the screen-locking state, the user can touch the mobile terminal to achieve unlock, without the need of pressing a power supply key, the mobile terminal is unlocked through a default unlocking method, the user can conveniently operate the mobile terminal, and user experience is enhanced.


1Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy 2Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands 3Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, 3001 Leuven, Belgium 4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 441 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA 6ELSA Laboratory, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Joint Research Center of the European Commission, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy 7Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munchen, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munchen, Germany


This is a study that focuses on a culture in which ancestors are remade, worship, and pray as a central object among the rituals observed at the site of modern Korea. Ancestors are becoming deities that emerge from Buddhism, Confucianism, and various new religions that spread in the 20th century. Given the history of so-called Western religions such as Catholicism and Protestantism taking issue with the ancestor issue in the early days, it is clear that the trend these religious believers carry their ancestors comprehensively is "Korean." This study attempts to capture the individuality of the ritual culture of modern Koreans when combining ritual and ancestor. At this time, data will be organized on the basis of on-site research, which will be mainly used in anthropology and folklore, including the voice of several informants. Meanwhile, the perspective of the study was to take into account the context and function of each religion as much as possible, but to be formal at the point of common and comparison of modern ancestral rites. As a result, this study records and describes the sites of Buddhism and new religion, focusing on the controversial aspects of Confucian rites and their modern variations. This, of course, leaves open the door that Buddhist ancestral rites can be used as the main focus to discuss other religious areas. Including my aspects of these studies, the text discusses ancestral rites by dividing them into the subject subjects, the person who practices them, the place, and the time.


Background/aims: Ultrasound is a valuable technique in dermatological assessment as it is non‐invasive. This is particularly attractive for monitoring and evaluating wound healing. However, there is a limited literature on the use of ultrasound in monitoring wound healing.


This article presents an anthropological approach to care networks, which have emerged as an alternative response to confinement institutions. The g...


Nowadays, micro motors have widespread applications in the industry. However, not many references exist about these motors. To remove this problem, a comprehensive review on micro motors is presented in this paper. For this purpose, different type of micro motors discussed and their potential and challenges are addressed. Besides, a comparison between electrostatic and electromagnetic micro motors is performed. Regarding their efficiency, power density, force to dimensions dependency and their advantages and drawbacks are investigated. Finally, the methods of fabrication of some of their applications are expressed.


As a scientific of term that has an important role in the development of Islamic science. Islamic economics is considered important to get attention and development of study. Islamic economics is an entity of thought and practice that is currently stretching among of Moslem's. In every thought of entity, it has its own methodology and framework of thinking. Likewise with a theoretical framework regarding Islamic Economics. One of the Islamic Economic methodology frameworks that are different from conventional of methodologies economic, it is a framework of thinking that starts from ushul fiqh (istimbath legal of method). Ushul fiqh has a very strong role in contributing to the emergence of Islamic economics. Istihsan as one of the istimbath methods of Islamic law (ushul fiqh) initiated from by Imam Hanafi. certainly must be given more portions in order to further develop the Islamic economy. As a literature-based study, this study has significance to the development of Islamic economics through the istihsan method. The findings in this study are expected to add new treasures to the thought of Ushul Fiqh and the development of Islamic economic studies.


Abstract:The acquisition of the S. J. Neighbors collection of John Steinbeck papers by the Special Collections department substantially expands Stanford University's holdings in Steinbeck while significantly increasing the opportunities for research on Steinbeck's life before, during, and after his enrollment at Stanford.


China has strengthened subsidizing poor university students in recent years,but the lack of effective cognizance method exerts a negative influence on the result of the subsidizing.This paper holds that further measures must be adopted to promote and guarantee the subsidizing of poor university students.


Page 62 The California Journal of Emergency Medicine VI:3, Jul-Sep, 2005 LETTERS Universal Coverage Kenneth R. Weinberg, MD In the July-September issue of CaJEM there was a pro/con debate about Universal Coverage. In the second paragraph of the piece, the anti-Universal Coverage physician Dr. Lance Montauk referred, in a most generous, open minded and nonjudgmental way, to the 10,000+ physician endorsement of Single Payer health insurance that had appeared in JAMA. The pro/ con and subsequent rebuttals in CaJEM did not comprise much of a debate about Single Payer and certainly did not contain any endorsement of it, especially according to Dr. Montauk, if it was run by the same government that gave us Abu Ghraib (an interesting comment coming from an avowed conservative who I would imagine is supportive of the Bush Administration, a group, as they've told us repeatedly, that had nothing to do with what went on at Abu Ghraib anyway). In all seriousness, the issue of having a repressive, anti- science, anti-woman's rights government dictating health care policy is certainly of concern; in fact it was discussed this evening at our Forum on Women's Health Care at the monthly NYC Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP) meeting. Clearly those of us in the medical community need to be involved strongly in the discussion and policies that would be had if Single Payer National Health Care (think Medicare for All) were to be carried out. I don't mean to be on a soapbox; I do think having a serious debate about this is really important and I was glad to see Cal/AAEM beginning it. Finally, I would recommend to anyone who hasn't read it, Arnold Relman's piece in the most recent New Republic on the economics of health care, which includes a very thoughtful refutation of the prevalent wisdom which accepts the paradigm of "the market" to understand, and create policy on, health care. I would be happy to continue this dialogue with anyone interested in any forum that may seem appropriate. CAL/AAEM LEGISLATIVE REPORT (Note: Information on all mentioned bills can be found at www.leginfo.ca.gov/billinfo.html) CAL/AAEM is working with CAL/ACEP and particularly the GAC (Government Affairs Committee) to monitor ongoing legislation that is working its way through the legislature in Sacramento. In most state legislation pertaining to Emergency Medicine, the interests of CAL/AAEM and CAL/ ACEP have been aligned, and it has always made sense for CAL/AAEM not to try to reinvent the wheel. In addition, CAL/ACEP legislative initiatives have always been most effective and commendable for what they have done for EM and our patients and providers. Both state chapters have therefore chosen, from the beginning of the history of CAL/AAEM, to work together to oppose "bad" legislation (particularly before the bill gets out of committee), and to support "good" legislative efforts that benefit our patients and our specialty. CAL/AAEM President Francine Volger, M.D., has been in conversation with the new CAL/ACEP President, Irv Edwards, M.D., in considering ways for our two organizations to be more effective in working together and how CAL/AAEM can better support the time- and resource-intensive initiatives of CAL/ACEP and its lobbyist James Randlett. This lobbyist effort has been quite effective over the past 25 years in working to block bad legislation. One example is the recent and intense attempt by the HMO's to prevent balance billing of patients. This would have forced the EPs and other consultants who are called in to care for "non-contracted" patients and yet to accept the HMO payment to be "payment in full," no matter how unfairly low it is. Other initiatives include the effort working with established friends in the legislature on bills that help to provide funding to help keep Trauma Centers open and keep the "Safety Net" of emergency departments open across California. This lobbying effort has been particularly effective in restoring 24.8 million in emergency funding in the State Budget that had been "inadvertently


The study is dedicated to the development of an improved algorithm for integrated water vapor content (WVC) retrieval from the advanced microwave sounding radiometer 2 (AMSR2) measurement data over open ocean areas. The algorithm is based on physical modeling of the brightness temperature (BT) of the upwelling radiation of the atmosphere – ocean system. The BT inversion is carried out with neural networks (NNs), trained on an ensemble of BTs, calculated using the dataset of the atmospheric and oceanic parameters. The improvement in the WVC retrieval algorithm as compared to previously developed one is associated, first, with the usage of the new ocean emissivity empirical model and, second, with the exclusion of the vertically polarized BT from NNs inputs. The new model was incorporated into the BT geophysical model and a new set of NNs coefficients was obtained for WVC algorithm. Though the results of the numerical experiment demonstrate higher retrieval accuracy for the old version of the NN model, real-valued validation with global positioning system (GPS) WVC shows better performance of the new NN model with the excluded vertically polarized AMSR2 BT from the NNs algorithm inputs. The advantages of the new algorithm are the most remarkable under conditions of high winds. This is confirmed by the validation based on the database of GPS WVC measurements under extreme winds. The improved WVC retrieval algorithm is mostly beneficial for the studies of extreme weather events such as polar lows, extratropical and tropical cyclones, associated with high winds.


Over the past 10 years, x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy has been extensively applied to a variety of problems in coal science. The current paper will review those applications. Because of the fact that XAFS spectroscopy focuses on only one element at a time, it is ideally suited to examining the structure of individual elements in highly heterogeneous materials like coal and its derivatives, We will briefly review XAFS studies of S, Ca, K, Cl, and several trace elements (As, Cr, etc.) in coal. Applications of XAFS in studies of coal combustion, liquefaction, and gasification will be discussed, with emphasis on in situ studies.


While the global surplus of milk has forced producer prices down, a weakening rand and increasing raw material costs, coupled with demand, are forcing feed prices up, resulting in an unfavourable milk : feed price ratio of close to 1:1. To combat this, producers have been trying to increase pasture yield, achieve maximum dry matter intake and maintain the balance between pasture supply and need.


This is the most thorough discussion of the relationship between the caduceus and medicine that has been written. Friedlander, a Professor Emeritus of Medical Humanities at the University of Nebraska, provides an in-depth analysis of how the caduceus, the wand of the Greek god Hermes (the Roman Mercury), has come to be inappropriately used by some as the symbol of medicine. The Golden Wand of Medicine is an excellent historical analysis with good documentation of the facts and sources, but it is relatively dull reading. Take, for example, the two chapters about Hermes. The author describes in detail the various Greek Hermes—the pre-Homeric Hermes, the archaic Hermes, and the traditional Hermes—then devotes another chapter to the Egyptian Hermes—Hermes-Thoth, Hermes Trismegistus, and Pseudo Hermes Trismegistus—more than you ever wanted to know about Hermes. The evolution of the caduceus is traced from its first appearance in the seventh century BCE to its


Upon leading his centre-right government to power in 2001 Silvio Berlusconi and senior members of his government made important economic programme promises, raised expectations about the management of the economy and the direction it would take. The promise of 1,500,000 jobs, tax reductions and economic growth have all appeared on the list of measures that would be implemented by this new government. Berlusconi in fact went as far as entering a public Contratto con gli Italiani (contract with the Italians), adding that if he did not respect at least four of the five measures during his term in government he would not seek re-election in 2006.Since 2001 much of the news about and analysis of the Italian government has been dominated by Berlusconi's 'conflict of interest', and not so ethical conduct. Much less debate has centred around policies related to management of the economy. Why is the Italian economy doing so poorly, and how much can be blamed on the Berlusconi government? Most importantly, how has confidence, both managerial and public, altered over the period of the Berlusconi administration? This paper seeks to take a critical view of the economic policies and outcomes at the end of Berlusconi's term in government and compare them with the expectations and promises made in 2001.


Objectives: This article explores the relevance of gossip and rumour to health organisations and presents what limited empirical research is available specific to the management of gossip and rumour in health organisations. Conclusion: The concept of a sentinel function for gossip and rumour in health organisations is proposed as a topic worthy of further research.


WHILE THE LONG-TERM TREND IN THE U.S. HAS been toward lower individual income tax rates, the expiration of the 2001 and 2003 tax reductions would increase income tax rates, particularly for high-income taxpayers.1 Under current law (as of early December 2012), the top individual income tax rate is scheduled to increase from 35 percent to 39.6 percent (40.788 percent including the effect of the Pease three percent floor under itemized deductions that affects most high-income taxpayers) starting in 2013. The top tax rate on capital gains will increase from 15 to 20 percent (21.188 including Pease) and the top rate on qualified dividends will increase from 15 to 40.788 percent. In addition, highincome taxpayers will be subject to a new 3.8 percent tax on net investment income, bringing the top rates to 24.988 percent for capital gains and to 44.588 percent for interest and dividends. Because these law changes are known well in advance, although subject to last-minute changes by Congress, taxpayers are likely have an opportunity to time their realization of certain types of income and deductions to reduce the effects of higher tax rates. The potential increases in income tax rates for high-income taxpayers suggest that it may be helpful to re-examine the responses to the increases in the top income tax rates under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA93). OBRA93 imposed additional tax rates on high-income taxpayers by increasing the top statutory individual income tax rate from 31 to 39.6 percent and the top corporate tax rate from 34 to 35 percent. In addition, the income cap on the hospital insurance (HI) tax was eliminated in 1994, further increasing marginal tax rates on high income taxpayers with self-employment or pass-through business income. In this paper, we present preliminary evidence on the responses of different types of high-income taxpayers to the tax increases of OBRA93 in detail using a large panel of income tax returns. We document income shifting from 1993 to 1992 as highincome executives with large amounts of wage income anticipated the tax increases and accelerated their wages into 1992. But the wage response of executives appears to be primarily transitory, as their wages continued to rise in later years. While capital gains tax rates remained unchanged, capital gains realizations increased substantially, suggesting the possibility of income shifting from ordinary income to capital gains. S-corporation executives cut their salaries and instead increased their S-corporation distributions to presumably avoid the HI tax. We find similar responses for taxpayers with high income from partnerships. Several studies have examined taxpayer responses to OBRA93. Feldstein and Feenberg (1996) concluded that in the first year under the higher rates, the decrease in taxable income of high-income taxpayers offset more than half of the revenue that would have been collected without the behavioral response, and that the deadweight loss of the higher marginal rates was about twice the increase in revenue. Other studies, however, argued that the majority of the response to OBRA93 was due to income shifting and that longer term responses were small and possibly nonexistent (Sammartino & Weiner, 1997; Goolsbee, 2000). Others have found evidence of modest behavioral responses (Carroll, 1998; Giertz, 2007, 2008). Our research contributes to this literature by highlighting the behavioral responses of high-income taxpayers in greater detail than has been done previously. Before discussing our findings on OBRA93, it is also worth recalling taxpayer responses when the top capital gains tax rate increased from 20 to 28 percent under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86).2 Taxpayers had considerable time to prepare for this change as the conference agreement was reached August 16, 1986, then the bill was passed by Congress on September 26, 1986, and signed into law on October 22, 1986. As illustrated in figure 1, the magnitude of the change and perceptions that the higher rate could be permanent ANOTHER LOOK AT TAXPAYER RESPONSES TO THE 1993 ACT


The author pinpoints the different factors that effect comfort by rail and emphasizes the importance of sound-proofing, air conditioning and suspension (in its widest meaning) by considering the methods used to improve each of these factors and the difficulty of making an overall assessment of comfort.


A case of pearly tumor (cholesteatoma or epidermoid cyst) of the IV. ventricle in a patient aged 64 years is reported. The patient had been treated one year earlier for lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus. The symptoms, pathogenesis, CT-appearance and operative therapy of the cyst are discussed.


The 3D volumetric transabdominal study with rendering mode is a very useful tool to perform a detailed study of the uterine wall, and it allows us to create a safe and early strategy during pregnancy in uterine dehiscences, as we show in this case in the 16th week of gestation.


Summary Alkaline extracted rubella complement fixing antigen was prepared from infected BHK-21/13S cells grown in suspension culture. Although antigen potent enough to ensure optimal dilutions may not have been used, the complement fixing antibody titers of convalescent phase specimens were considerably higher than they were when commercial cell pack antigen was used. They were also higher than the titers reported earlier with the use of other types of rubella complement fixing antigens. The alkaline extracted antigens were stable at —70°C, —20°C, and +4°C. The excellent technical assistance of Miss Marianne Davis, Mrs. Carol Eason and Miss Ludie Holland is gratefully acknowledged.


Major, trace, and rare earth element as well as C, O, and Sr isotope geochemistry is used to provide new insights into the characteristics and depositional environment of the protolith of the Foderata Group metacarbonates in the southern Veporicum cover sequence (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). The metacarbonates are characterized by high LOI and CaO and by small contents of various insoluble components. Among the trace elements investigated, only As, Ba, Co, Cu, Hg, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Th, U, Y, Zn, and Zr display concentrations beyond their detection limits. The metacarbonates are strongly depleted in Rb, Ba, Th, Nb, Hf, Zr, and Y and enriched in U and Sr relative to the UCC. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns of the metacarbonates show a moderate to strong fractionation in light rare earth elements over heavy rare earth elements and distinct negative Ce and Eu anomalies. Variation plots reveal several geochemical interrelationships, among which SiO2 - Al2O3 - K2O - TiO2 - Ba - Nb - Rb - Zr are associated with the rock's silicate fraction. The carbonate fraction comprise CaO, MgO, and Sr. The overall geochemical and C-, O-, and Sr-isotopic signatures indicate that the metacarbonates developed from sedimentary carbonate materials that were deposited in a saline, shallow-marine, low-energy environment. The negative Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce* = 0.15-0.93) and the δ13C (2.36%o to -3.34%o) values indicate warmer climatic conditions during deposition. The consistency of the rock's chemical properties could be attributed to the relative stability experienced during the parent sedimentary material's deposition.


This investigation was aimed to study the influence of buck and PGF2α treatment on estrus
synchronization in Surti does. Apparently healthy non-pregnant Surti does (n=18) were identified
from the flock by Ultrasonography. They were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group.
The does of Treatment T1 group were teased with a sexually-active-apronized buck; the does of
Treatment T2 group were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice, i.e. on
day 0th and 11th, while the does of Control group T3 were kept without any treatment. The behavioural
estrus was successfully synchronized by double injection of PGF2α at 11 days apart, as well as
by buck effect in T2 and T1 groups, respectively. The induction of estrus was observed cent per
cent in all the groups within one month. The mean time intervals between start of treatment and
onset of estrus differed significantly between T1 (5.83±2.20 d) and T3 (14.67±2.76 d) groups.
However, the mean duration of estrus was 29.83±0.91, 27.50±1.23 and 28.67±1.28 hrs and the
mean number of services per conception was found 1.33±0.33, 1.50±0.50 and 1.33±0.33 for T1,
T2 and T3 groups of Surti does, respectively, none differ significantly (p>0.05) between the groups.
There was no significant difference in conception rates at first service amongst the groups (83.33%).
The 17 does among 18 does (94.44 %) from all the three groups conceived within three services,
irrespective of treatment groups. It was found that the buck effect appeared to be as effective as
conventional PGF2α treatment in Surti does for synchronization of estrus


MEDIEVAL England fell into that broader Eurasian region within which property from conjugal estates devolved on both men and women, either by inheritance or by certain mechanisms of pre mortem endowment. Although males were generally preferred heirs, demographic realities ensured that women would be found in a sizeable minority of instances as residual heirs. Given likely conditions of mortality and fertility, a wife would often have needed to bear at least four children to secure a sixty per cent chance of furnishing a son who would survive his father to inherit the estate. Indeed in stationary demographic conditions roughly twenty per cent of families would have only surviving daughters and no sons at the father's death. This female inheritance potential combined with the possibility of the transmission of pre mortem dowry to daughters in those families who were blessed with at least one male heir implies that considerable reorganization of land might occur at every generation.


We experiment with exact integer arithmetic to implement primitives for geometric algorithms. Naive use of exact arithmetic—either modular or multiprecision integer—increases execution time dramatically over the use of floating-point arithmetic. By combining tuned multiprecision integer arithmetic and a floating-point filter based on interval analysis, we can obtain the effect of exact integer arithmetic at a cost close to that of floating-point arithmetic. We describe an experimental expression compiler that conveniently packages our techniques.


Scores from the Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) obtained from interviews with a 1976 representative sample of community-dwelling elderly and 17 years of health care use data in the Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging were used to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the incidence rate of dementia diagnoses. Estimates of relative risk from Cox's proportional hazard models indicate that, in addition to age and sex, both MSQ scores and the presence or absence of a dementia diagnosis significantly affect mortality, whereas a diagnosis of dementia is the greatest contributor to institutionalization.


Standard link protocols have been designed for typical long term bit error rates. A degraded line results in service interruption, requiring end-to-end coordination to effect manual recovery. The minimum throughput could be maintained for exchanging the vital housekeeping and link maintenance information by use of an automatic line recovery scheme. An adaptive data link control protocol is designed for this purpose. As a key feature, the real-time throughput monitoring is performed by correlating several variable parameters, such as: block size, transmission speed, overhead ratio, etc.. Within this paper, the adaptive protocol operational procedure is described in great detail using the ADA design language. Analysis for justifying protocol performance is also provided.


Visualisation is a natural element at the root of mathematical thought, in the discovery of relations between mathematical objects, and in the transmission and communication of mathematics. This review focuses on the introductory chapter of one of the most famous books on this topic, by a widely published writer on pedagogy of mathematics, discussing at the same time implications for undergraduate teaching in the subject.


The supervision within CPC has three properties:consciousness,interiority and activity.It keeps the advanced quality of CPC in organisation,system and thought.To strengthen supervision within the Party,it is necessary to enlarge democracy and accept supervision;the democracy and centralization system should be carried out to enhance supervision in leading group;the supervision from the lower to higher level should be stressed;the double leading system should be improved through enhancing the special supervision.


The oil palm industry has been recognized for its contribution towards economic growth and rapid development, it has also contributed to environmental pollution due to the production of huge quantities of by-products from the oil extraction process. Current research reports prediction of optimal CN ratio of different mixture percentages of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm pressed fiber (PPF) namely 100% (only POME), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and 0% (only PPF). Different mixture percentages with varying initial characters results in different C:N ratio which could affect the earthworm growth and the vermicomposting stability. Therefore, the present research aims to predict the optimal mixture by establishing a 3D base model. The models were generated having an average unified formula using mathematical software Matlab. The results obtained in this study indicates that the 3D polynomial graph can explain the relationship between different POME-PPF concentration with respect to earthworm growth and time showing ideal R2 value of 0.99. The regression analysis showed positive correlation between different mixture percentages and earthworm growth in 50% (r = 0.412), 60% (r = 0.509) and 70% (r = 0.441). Therefore, from the model it can conclude that 60% mixture of POME-PPF is an optimal mixture for the vermicomposting process.


The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the Reactor Containment Fan Cooler (RCFC) system piping load calculations. These calculations are based on piping loads calculated using the EPRI methodology (Refs. 1 & 2) and RELAP5 (Ref. 3) to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the system. The RELAP5 generated loads were compared to loads calculated using the EPRI GL 96-06 methodology. This evaluation was based on a pressurized water reactor's RCFC coils thermal hydraulic behavior during a Loss of Offsite Power (LOOP) and a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). The RCFC consist of two banks of service water and chill water coils. There are 5 SX and 5 chill water coils per bank. Therefore, there are 4 RCFC units in the containment with 2 banks of coils per RCFC. Two Service water pumps provide coolant for the 4 RCFC units (8 banks total, 2 banks per RCFC unit and 2 RCFC units per pump). Following a LOOP/LOCA condition, the RCFC fans would coast down and upon being reenergized, would shift to low-speed operation. The fan coast down is anticipated to occur very rapidly due to the closure of the exhaust damper as a result of LOCA pressurization effects. The service water flow would also coast down and be restarted in approximately 43 seconds after the initiation of the event. The service water would drain from the RCFC coils during the pump shutdown and once the pumps restart, water is quickly forced into the RCFC coils causing hydraulic loading on the piping. Because of this scenario and the potential for over stressing the piping, an evaluation was performed by the utility using RELAP5 to assess the piping loads. Subsequent to the hydraulic loads being analyzed using RELAP5, EPRI through GL 96-06 provided another methodology to assess loads on the RCFC piping system. This paper presents the results of using the EPRI methodology and RELAP5 to perform thermal hydraulic load calculations and compares them.© 2004 ASME


The existence of zero sequence coupling between parallel circuit is a cause that ground distance relay can not measure line impedance correctly.In the actual work setting,how to set the compensation factor and reliable factor for ground distance,setting guide does not give specific methods.This paper analyzes the measured line impedance and high-voltage power grid in the ground fault current distribution characteristics.Based on various operating modes of power system,qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influence from zero mutual impedance on the measured grounding impedance is given.Furthermore,a simple and practical method of setting,with universal applicability,is provided.


Abstract In this study, the SCVW (a novel type of Sharp-Crested V-notch weirs) is employed for more experimentally and theoretically investigations. The length of the hydraulic jump at downstream of the SCVW (LjSCVW) is measured via new supplementary experimental datasets via most popular vertex angles θ (128° and 60°). The experiments are conducted under aerated, steady, and free overflow conditions in an open channel for large physical models. To assess the variations of LjSCVW versus the θ, extensive laboratory work is performed at different discharges (Q), diverse triangular segments number (Nst) in the SCVW, and various tailgate angles (ɸ). Via dimensional analysis and pre-processing method, most effectual parameters on the LjSCVW were obtained as Fr1 (approaching Froude number), Re1 (incoming Reynolds number), and (relative sequent depths). Based on the experimental results, by increasing the values of Fr1 and Re1, the values of LjSCVW noticeably increased. Three types of data-driven models (DDMs), namely, support vector regression (SVR), gene expression programming (GEP), and a robust hybrid model entitled hybrid (SVR-ACO) are developed to estimate the LjSCVW. The suggested hybrid model is a coupled form of SVR with ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, which is used to enhance the estimation precision of the LjSCVW. According to the attained statistical indices (determination coefficient (R2) = 0.98, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.191, and value of total grade (TG) = 19.78) and scatter plots, the hybrid SVR-ACO model was determined as the most superior method to estimate the LjSCVW with high accuracy.


We investigate the sparse activity detection problem in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in this paper. With the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm, the received pilot signals at the access points (APs) are decomposed into independent circularly symmetric complex Gaussian noise corrupted components. By using the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) denoiser during the AMP procedure, we obtain a threshold detection rule, and analytically describe the noise covariance matrix of the corrupted components via the state evolution equations, which is helpful for the performance analysis of the detection rule. Using the law of large numbers, it can be shown that the error probability of this threshold detection rule tends to zero when the number of APs, pilots and users tend to infinity while the ratio of the number of pilots and users is kept constant. Numerical results show that the error probability decreases while the number of APs increases, corroborating our theoretical analysis. In addition, we investigate the relationship between the error probability of the threshold detection rule and the number of symbols used for pilot transmissions during each channel coherence interval via numerical results.


We studied electron spin resonance in a quantum magnet NiCl 2 -4SC(NH 2 ) 2 , demonstrating a field-induced quantum phase transition from a quantum-disordered phase to an antiferromagnet. We observe two branches of the antiferromagnetic resonance of the ordered phase, one of them has a gap and the other is a Goldstone mode with zero frequency at a magnetic field along the four-fold axis. This zero frequency mode acquires a gap at a small tilting of the magnetic field with respect to this direction. The upper gap was found to be reduced in the doped compound Ni(Cl 1 − x Br x ) 2 -4SC(NH 2 ) 2 with x = 0 . 21. This reduction is unexpected because of the previously reported rise of the main exchange constant in a doped compound. Further, a nonresonant diamagnetic susceptibility χ ′ was found for the ordered phase in a wide frequency range above the quasi-Goldstone mode. This dynamic diamagnetism is as large as the dynamic susceptibility of the paramagnetic resonance. We speculate that it originates from a two-magnon absorption band of low-frequency dispersive magnon


The methods used in this article bring to mind a series of problems not previously solved. One of these is turbulent flow. This is the condition discussed several years ago when it was reported by others that Darcy's Law ceased to apply at the well bore for high rate of gas flow, but the pressure drop was directly proportional to the velocity squared. But Darcy's Law applies further back in the formation. Probably the most important problem of the group is the determination of net sand thickness in a producing well from flow and pressure buildup data. There are areas such as in N. Africa, the Bromides in Oklahoma, and the Strawn in W. Texas, where electric logs show little character for the interpretation of net sand thickness. Where we now can account for the nonlinearity in fluid flow, as described for gas, we have a more valid means for making reservoir interpretation. During the last 2 yr or so, much progress has been made in the treatment of 2-phase and 3-phase fluid flow.


In this paper, a combination of the boundary element method and the finite element method was applied to the stress intensity factor analyses of an interface crack in adhesive joints. The virtual crack extension method was utilized for finite elements allocated around a crack tip to obtain the energy release rate of a crack. The superposition technique proposed by Matos was utilized for the mode separation of the stress intensity factor of the interface crack. We applied the present method not only to a bimaterial plate with a center interface crack, but also to adhesive joints with a center interface crack or a slant interface crack to show the effectiveness of the present method for analyses of an interface crack in a very thin adhesive layer. Furthermore, the fracture toughness of an adhesive joint with an edge crack for various adhesive thicknesses was experimentally determined using the present analytical method. As a result, we obtained a constant fracture toughness regardless of the thickness of the adhesive layer.


The article discussed consulting room layout design principles.Based on the affecting factors of consulting room layout,the model of consulting room layout design was built.The model simplified consulting room layout design in someway and did some helpful explores in analogy problems.


Described is a ligand/carrier-protein conjugate in which the ligand is not a protein or a polypeptide and is linked to the protein by a bifunctional spacer unit. The conjugate is characterized in that the ligand has at least one amino group, the protein has at least one sulphydryl (SH) group, and the bifunctional spacer links the ligand to the protein by means of the former's amino group and the latter's SH group. This ligand/carrier-protein conjugate is suitable for use in the preparation of diagnostic agents.


In this paper, the mathematical model of a synchronized chaotic circuit based on Chua's circuit is obtained and the average rate of convergence is calculated according to the theory of differential dynamics firstly. Then, the synchronized chaotic circuit is synthesized with an OTA (operational transconductance amplifier). Finally, the rates of convergence and the parameter sensitivity of synchronization are discussed by computer simulation and experiments.


In this thesis, we design measures to quantify capabilities and complexity of various translationmodels. We strive to describe properties of translationmodels in general, without regards to inner workings of the given translation model. On extreme cases, we determine empirical limits of translation models with regard to the designed measures and also prove usability of the measures with real translation models. e aim of this thesis is to give an idea of whi translation models have naturally easier work to do, while keeping good quality of translation. e emphasis is put on oice of the basic language unit into whi the translation model tries to decompose the input text.


The definition consistency problem of error vector magnitude (EVM) measurement is analyzed, and a solution using the peak-to-average ratio of the constellation diagram as a correction factor is proposed. Using different vector signal analyzers, the EVM values for 16-quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) and 64-QAM digitally modulated signals with certain distortions are measured. Furthermore, the corresponding theoretical EVM values are obtained through numerical simulation and analytical calculation. Comparing these results, it could be found that the definitions of EVM in different instruments are different. The essential reason is the different definition of EVM in the radio broadcast television technical standards and the wireless communication technology standards. This difference will lead to measurement errors and cognitive confusion. In order to solve this problem, a method using the peak-to-average ratio of the constellation diagram as a correction factor is proposed, and the experimental results proved that this solution is effective. At the same time, we strongly recommend the adoption of a unified EVM definition.


Summary The occurrence of vitellogenin in adult haploid drones of the honeybee, Apis mellifica, was determined by sensitive immunotechniques, i.e. two-dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-PAGE immunoblotting using a monospecific anti-vitellogenin-serum. In drones vitellogenin is one of the minor fractions of the hemolymph proteins. Genetic and regulatory aspects of vitellogenin synthesis in male bees are discussed.


The good news is that pancreatic cancer is relatively less common than many other cancers; it is the 12h most common cancer in the world along with kidney cancer, with 338,000 new cases in 2012 [1]. The bad news is that the survival rate is a pathetic 5-10%; this is due to lack of early detection and serious symptoms at the early stages and due to the drug resistance. The estimated 5-year prevalence of people in the world living with pancreatic cancer is 4.1 per 100, 000. It is highest in the Armenia (11.9/100,000) for men and highest in Czech Republic and Slovakia and Armenia for both men and women [1]. About 53% of pancreatic cancer occurred in more developed countries in 2012. The highest incidence is in the Europe and the North America; the lowest in Asia and Africa. In the US, an estimated 45,220 cases were diagnosed in 2013, and an estimated 38, 460 deaths [2]. Compare this with about 180-200,000 incidences of breast or prostate cancer, with 38-40,000 deaths. The drug response rate of the Cadillac drug for pancreatic cancer, the Gemcitabine is also a meagre 25%. A study of 21 pancreatic cell lines including Panc-1 showed the drug resistance of these cells to Gemcitabine. There are other research which investigate the Gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer [3,4]. The 5-year survival rate of exocrine pancreatic cancer is 14%, 12%, 7%, 5%, 3% and 1% for stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, and IV respectively; it is 61%, 52%, 41%, and 15% when treated with surgery for stages I, II, III, and IV respectively [5]. The various reasons/mechanisms for drug resistance that have been reported are [6,7]:


By using Moran's I index and comparing these three different models induding simple regression, spatial lay and spatial error,on the base of the related theory of regional FDI,this paper explores the spatial heterogeneity of the district distribution that the investment from HongKong businessmen.The research founds that:Considering a combination of these empirical results,businessmen coming from Hongkong should pay more attention to investment strategy and matching the regional elements,while the local government should improve the conditions of employment,and improve the level of education,strengthen the legal system,and enhance regional industry chain integrity,because these factors can attract Hongkong FDI.


The nurse-cells of L. irrorata with tufts of sperm attached are moulded in the male into rudimentary spermatophores and are then passed to the female. In the uterus the sperm become detached from the nurse-cells and migrate to the seminal receptacle where they are stored. The nurse-cells then ingest any remaining spermatozoa, break them down, and are themselves eventually extruded. Nurse-cells with tufts of sperm in the sperm duct show an aggregation reaction which leads to the formation of three-dimensional pinwheels. The tufts of sperm are attached by their tails to each other, and the nurse-cells lie radially disposed. These aggregates disperse first by detachment of the nurse-cells, leaving the sperm attached by their tails, then by disentanglement of each of the sperm. The free sperm then show a thigmotaxis. Sperm not attached to nurse-cells (from seminal receptacle or from a copulate in which segregation has already occurred) show the usual ead-to-head agglutination reaction. The behavior of the nur...


A method of HPLC for the simultaneous determination of 7 preservatives,including dimethyl fumarate,natamycin,methylparaben,ethylparaben,propylparaben,isobutylparaben and butylparabe,in milk products was proposed.The sample was extracted with methanol,and the extract was separated on Symmetry C18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×25 mm,5 μm) with a mixture of methanol-0.02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate(60+40) as mobile phase,and the photodiode array detector was used in the determination.Baseline separation of 7 preservatives was obtained within 20 min.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of samples of milk products,giving values of recovery and RSD′s(n=6) in the ranges of 87.5%-104% and 2.5%-8.8% respectively.