Online Social Networks (OSN) have become enormously popular in recent years. OSN enable people to connect with their friends based on sharing details about their personal information, but they present a number of privacy risks to their users. There are di_erent privacy preserving policies or mechanisms to handle the privacy issues. The main such proposed policies are:  Safebook: A Privacy-PreservingOnline Social Network Leveraging on Real- Life Trust  Lockr: Better Privacy for Social Networks  fl yByNight: Mitigating the Privacy Risks of Social Networking  Persona: An Online Social Network with User-Defined Privacy Safebook is a new approach that tackles the security and privacy problemswith a special emphasis on the privacy of users with respect to the application provider in addition to defense against intruders. Lockr improves the privacy of centralized and decentralized online content sharing systems. Third one, aim to mitigate the privacy risk by presenting a new architecture for protecting information published through the social networking website, Facebook, through encryption privacy control. In Persona, users dictate who may access their information. The architecture and implementation of the four mechanisms are different. The different privacy preserving policies have been compared on the basis of three parameters: Trust on OSN provider, Flexible grouping and Type of architecture and found that Persona is relatively better method. Keywords - Integrity, Matryoshka, Insider attack, Time to live.


The geodesic transfer mechanism in tokamak edge plasmas, which serves as an important saturation mechanism for the self-generation of zonal flows by E-cross-B turbulence, is analyzed and quantified. Modification of the geodesic curvature is shown to influence the transport reduction by self-consistent sheared zonal flows. Specifically, the shear flows are enhanced for a scaling similar to the effect of increasing elongation and safety factor.


In this paper three tests are evaluated to characterize the behavior of shotcrete with steel fibers in the primary lining of Mexico City metro line 12 tunnel. Three square panels (UNE 14488-5), three round panels (ASTM C1550) and four cylinders for the Barcelona test (UNE 83515) were made. All of them can be used as quality control methods for Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in underground constructions, however, greater variability was found in the results of round panels, in addition to being the highest complexity samples regarding their development and test, therefore, the application of the Barcelona test is recommended for quality control on site due to the fact that the samples and test are easier to prepare, handle and execute.


Thermophysical properties of base ionic liquid (C10H19F6N2P) (IL) and IoNanofluids (INF) containing different contents of (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt%) multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Graphene (Gr) were measured experimentally. INF exhibited augmentation in thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity respect to the base fluid. Maximum thermal conductivity breakthrough was detected at 39%, 48% of MWCNT-IL and 0.5wt% of Gr-IL, respectively. Eventually, the experimental viscosity and thermal conductivity data were fitted with the existing theoretical models. The findings highlighted that the viscosity of MWCNTs-IL and Gr-IL was in unison with particles aggregation effect (Krieger-Dougherty model) and the both INF effective thermal conductivity are prognosticated by interfacial layer approach with sufficient accuracy.


COMA recommendations that less than 10 per cent of dietary energy be derived from sugar might err on the side of caution in respect of any adverse effect on dietary quality, researchers say.


This article reports findings from a multi-year mixed-method study that explored the challenges students encountered while answering fundamental histogram questions. In the first stage in 2017, an exploratory study was conducted using think-aloud protocols. In the second stage in 2019, an online survey was developed to confirm the preliminary themes. Four themes were identified. The themes are as follows: (a) identify the correct type of graph to explore the center and variability of one quantitative variable; (b) realize data has its own expressed shape; (c) lose concrete identifiers; and (d) create bins and count individual values. These themes will add to the current knowledge of students' difficulty with interpreting and describing histograms. This knowledge can help teachers prepare activities to promote understanding of histograms.


—This paper introduces the analysis of signal behavior of random telegraph signal (RTS) pixels in CMOS image sensor with applied floating diffusion (FD) voltage. We investigated the temporal behavior of blinking pixels with FD voltage variation, through which we categorized them into three groups according to their electrical behavior. It was also shown that a number of RTS pixels could be effectively decreased by increasing the channel current of SF transistor. It is expected that this result may be a novel implication to understand the noise characteristics of CMOS image sensor.


Abstract
 This chapter provides a checklist for the family Eulophidae. It provides information on species diversity, host records, distribution records by province in Iran, as well as world distribution. Comparison of the eulophid fauna of Iran with adjacent countries indicates that the faunas of Russia (666 species) and Turkey (246 species) are more diverse than Iran (236 species), followed by Turkmenistan (70 species), Kazakhstan (57 species), Pakistan (44 species), Azerbaijan (34 species), United Arab Emirates (31 species), Armenia (23 species), Iraq (10 species), Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia (both with eight species) and Oman (six species); no species have so far been reported from Bahrain, Kuwait or Qatar. The much larger number of eulophid species reported from Russia likely correlates with not only its large land area but also its history of taxonomic research on Eulophidae in the country. Russia shares 147 known species with Iran, followed by Turkey (133 species), Azerbaijan (22 species), Turkmenistan (21 species), Armenia and Pakistan (both with 20 species), United Arab Emirates (13 species), Iraq (10 species), Afghanistan (seven species), Saudi Arabia (four species) and Oman (two species).


Applying Schauder fixed-point theorem and Fourier's method,we generalized the results on the existence and uniqueness of the periodic solutions for a class of second order delay differential equations,and gave the existence and uniqueness of 2π-periodic solutions for(2k)th-order nonlinear delay differential equations on space L2(0,2π).The condition to ensure the theorems is a variety of usual Lazer type one.


Spectral unmixing is one of the most important techniques for analyzing hyperspectral images and many hyperspectral unmixing algorithms were developed under an assumption that pure pixels exist in recent years. However, the pure-pixel assumption may be seriously violated for highly mixed data. Endmember extraction can be regards as an optimization problem no matter whether pure-pixel exists or not. In this paper, we incorporate linear mixed model and particle swarm optimization to develop a linear mixed model constrained particle swarm optimization (LMMC-PSO) for endmember extraction from highly mixed data. Each particle in LMMC-PSO moves in search space according to linear mixed model rather than with a velocity, which is dynamically adjusted according to its own optimal position and global optimum of all particles. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method obtained better results than the algorithms of VCA, MVC-NMF, MVSA, MVES, and SISAL.


Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is applied in bioreactor landfill for many years to monitor leachate variation in waste body (Moreau et al., 2007, Rosqvist et al., 2006), mainly during recirculation events when moisture content variations induced by liquid diffusion are the most important. Influence of moisture content and temperature is recognised to be significant on waste electrical resistivity (Clement et al., 2011). Nevertheless, impact of waste biodegradation should not be forgotten (Moreau et al., 2011): the assumption of a medium, electrically neutral, could not be considered in waste studies. Influence of the different steps of waste mass biodegradation on electrical resistivity measurements was studied with laboratory tests. Resistivity of well known waste composition was compared to biogas production to achieve this goal. Resistivity device was evaluated using simulation software developed by Clement (F3D-Lab, 2011) and the interpreted resistivity was calculated using BERT software package (Guenther, 2011. The resistivity variation observed on one cell can be linked to biogas production, which can not be confirmed by the tests on the other cells for the moment. Field capacity seems limiting to induce a fast biodegradation of waste mass which can be problematic for landfill generally operated with that hydraulic condition.


Tourism image is an important embodiment of traveling scenic area attractive strength.Tourism image has a direct influence on the operations of the scenic spots.This research is combined with YuanAn county tourism image planning examples.It expounds the tourism image planning relevant content.It includes tourism image planning principles and methods,such as image problem.


Heitler–Heisenberg multispin states were studied via irreducible representations of the united symmetry with respect to permutations and space transformations group. The mean energy is given in explicit form in terms of the characters of the joint group irreducible representations. The system's Fockian covariance incorporates its exchange integral of the self-consistent states into the Heisenberg chain theory. External fields account is delivered in perturbation theory frame. Its application to statistical physics approach leads to the thermodynamic parameter evaluation. The nanotube example with space symmetry including rotations and translations, is studied. Its symmetry introduces basic closest neighbor exchange integrals that enter the statistical sum.


Abstract FGGE Level III-b analyses, produced by the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA, are used to investigate the relationship between tropical heating and subtropical westerly maxima in the Southern Hemisphere during SOP-1 (5 January-4 March 1979). The mean state of two 15-day periods is examined, as well as day-to-day variations for the entire 59-day period. In Period 1 (6–20 January), the central South Pacific was extremely active convectively, while in Period 2 (3–17 February), convective activity over the western Indian Ocean was enhanced. Episodes of strong outflow in the tropics, as measured by the upper tropospheric velocity potential, were found to be well correlated with the strengthening and propagation of westerly wind maxima in the subtropics. The average location of the westerly maximum over the South Pacific and Indian oceans oceans about 16° latitude south, and slightly east, of its corresponding heat source. For a cyclone case study which is presented, however, this distance was c...


The research is devoted to the analysis of sources on history of reforms at the end of XVIII 70s of the XIX century in Ottoman Empire.


By generalizing a technique of Landau, the authors prove that the excess of the number of primes of the form 10x ± 3 over the number of primes of the form 10x ± 1 is infinite.


During the year of 2007, the world has experienced historically high oil prices both in nominal and in real terms, which has reopened discussions about energy sustainability. We therefore found it ...


Cognitive radio has become an effective theory to solve the inefficiency of the spectrum usage, and cooperative spectrum sensing among the secondary users to detect the primary user accurately is broadly studied before. In this paper, we employ a double threshold method in energy detector to perform spectrum sensing, while a fusion center in the cognitive radio network collects the local decisions and observational values of the secondary users, and then makes the final decision to determine whether the primary user is absence or not. Simulation results will show that the spectrum sensing performance in AWGN channels is improved significantly under the proposed scheme as opposed to the conventional method.


Effect of pH, total soluble solids (TSS), 13-cyclodextrin, immobilized enzyme on removal of naringin and on quality of pomelo juice was studied. The maximum reduction in naringin content (0.34 mg/mL) was observed in juice, treated with immobilized naringinase compared to control (1.1 mg/mL). Change of pH from 3.5 to 4.5 reduced naringin content from 31.8% (pH 3.5) to 40.9% (pH 4.5). However, lowering of bitter principle was 49% for 30°8 and 43.6% for juice of pH 4.5 & TSS 30°8. Minimum changes in physico chemical parameters were observed with immobilized enzyme treated juice. Effect of these treatments on the activity of enzymes were also studied. Minimum amylase activity was observed with immobilized enzyme treated sample 18.9 U to that of control 32 U. Change in pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity was not so significant with an increase of pH. Maximum reduction of PME activity was observed with sample of 30°8 TSS. However, retention of peroxidase activity was maximum for 13-cyclodextrin treated sample 2.1 K1x10 3 /mL compared to control 2.7 K1x10 3 /mL. Treatment with immobilized enzyme gave an acceptable debittered pomelo juice.


The present invention discloses a method of generating microbubbles in oleaginous liquids, the method comprising adding a silicone oil to the oleaginous liquid and then applying a mechanical force to the liquid in the gas. The present invention also discloses a drilling with oil-based drilling and servicing fluid, the fluid has a low shear rate viscosity meter measured 0.5rpm of at least 10,000 centipoise using a Brookfield viscosity of the fluid by incorporating therein further comprises microbubbles disclosed method of the present invention is produced. The present invention also discloses a method of drilling a well wherein the drilling process, the circulating fluid containing the microbubbles of the present invention disclosed within the wellbore.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of general cast-rolled and compound energy field (electromagnetic field and ultrasonic wave) cast-rolled AZ3fB magnesium strips after rolling with different rolling temperatures,passes and deformation ratios were studied.The results show that the compound energy field cast rolled magnesium strip was more likely to re-crystallization than the general cast rolled magnesium strip under the same rolling conditions,and the grains size of the former was finer and more uniform than that of the latter.The precipitates of the former dispersed at grain houndaries in the mode of small particles and that of the latter dispersed at grain boundaries and near the grain boundaries.When the rolling temperature was 250.300(.the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the former after rolling for 3 passes increased by 11%.22.2%.115% and 13.6%,19.7%.127.8%than that of the latter after rolling for 3 passes,respectively.


The derivation of mathematical models of systems consisting of Cs(I) or Sr(II) and of bentonite (B), magnetite (M) or their mixtures (B+M) are described. The paper deals especially with modeling of the protonation and sorption processes occurring on the functional groups of the solid phase, namely on so called edge sites and layer sites. The two types of sites have different properties and, as a result, three types of Surface Complexation Models (SCM) are used for edge sites, viz. two electrostatic SCMs: the Constant Capacitance Model (CCM) and the Diffusion Double Layer Model (DLM), and one without electrostatic correction: the Chemical Model (CEM). The processes taking place on the layer sites are described by means of the Ion Exchange Model (IExM). In the course of modeling, the speciation of the given metal in the liquid (aqueous) phase has to be taken into account. In principle, the model of protonation or sorption processes is based on the reactions occurring in the aqueous phase and on the surface of the solid phase, and comprises not only the equations of the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions, but also the mass and charge balance equations. The algorithm of the numerical solution is compatible with FAMULUS 3.5 (a Czech software product quite extensively used at Czech universities in the last decade, the bookcase codes of which are utilized).


NorFor is a cooperative project between the consulting organisations owned by the farmers in the Nordic countries – Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. The project started in 2001
and the outcome, the system for ration calculation NorFor Plan and the model for evaluating the ration NorFor Evaluation, was completed in 2006. Along with NorFor Plan economical optimization are available and according to literature, the optimization will generate a 2 ore lower feed cost per kg milk, and thereby improve the profit for the farmer. The use of NorFor Plan in Sweden for feed optimization during spring 2008 has been very small.

In this study eight herds in the middle of Sweden fed half the herd according to the classical system used in Sweden and the other half according to NorFor Plan system. The milk production and feed consumption was compared between the groups. The results shows that there are great differences between herds, but the groups have been fed for equal production and with the same amount of energy and protein (measured as in the classic system). The cows fed according to NorFor Plan consumed 1.5 kg more roughage (p <0.0001) and 1 kg less concentrate (p=0.0001) than cows fed according to the classical system. The consequences were that cows fed according to NorFor Plan produced 1.6 kg less ECM (p=0.033) than the other group and the economical profit per cow for the NorFor-cows were 3.30 kr lower (p=0.0435), but the economical profit per kg milk were not changed.
The conclusions are that cows fed according to NorFor Plan consume more roughage and less
concentrate and that the milk production was negatively affected. The economical profit per cow is negatively affected but the economical profit per kg milk is unchanged.


In order to produce realistic-looking avatars, computer graphics has traditionally relied solely on physical realism. Research on cognitive aspects of face perception, however, can provide insights into how to produce believable and recognizable faces. In this paper, we describe a method for automatically manipulating video recordings of faces. The technique involves the use of a custom-built multi-viewpoint video capture system in combination with head motion tracking and a detailed 3D head shape model. We illustrate how the technique can be employed in studies on dynamic facial expression perception by summarizing the results of two psychophysical studies which provide suggestions for creating recognizable facial expressions.


A simulation method of analyzing mode transmission characteristics in tapered fiber based on coupled local mode theory is presented. The method gives a clear analysis of mode component in tapered fiber.


Damage caused by ungulates to agricultural areas is difficult to evaluate because the real extent of the damage remains usually poorly described and potentially leads to conflicts. Recent advances in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide new versatile mapping and quantification possibilities in a wide range of applications. We used crop fields (Zea mays) damaged by wild boar (Sus scrofa) and compared the extent of the damage by means of three methods: (i) traditional ground-based assessment; (ii) UAS orthoimages with operator delineation; and (iii) UAS crop height model with automatic delineation based on height threshold. We showed for the first time that UAS can be applied for assessing damage of ungulates to agriculture. The two methods using UAS imagery provide coherent and satisfactory results and tend to underestimate the damage area when compared to in-use ground-based field expertise. However, we suggest that performance of UAS should further be tested in variable conditions to assess the broad ap...


Mount Sinabung is one of two mountains that have been designated as active in Karo Regency so far. When an eruption occurs, it will cause a lot of damage and loss. In restoring it, the provision of assistance to the community and community empowerment efforts after the eruption of Mount Sinabung were carried out in three ways, namely, creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of the community to develop, strengthening the potential or power of the community (empowering), and protecting and defending the interests of the weak. so as not to get weaker. Efforts to empower the community after the eruption of Mount Sinabung were carried out in three methods, namely, creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of the community to develop, strengthening the capabilities or potentials of the community (empowering), and protecting and defending the interests of the weak so as not to get weaker. This research uses a qualitative type of research with a descriptive case study approach in order to describe cases in the field and share answers to cases encountered. The results of this study found that community empowerment after the eruption of Mount Sinabung in the relocation of Siosar, Karo Regency had increased. This is due to the three stages of community empowerment that exist, the community in the Siosar relocation area has a large level of empowerment in the process of creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of the community to develop and efforts to protect and defend the interests of the weak so as not to be weak, on the contrary in the process of strengthening the capacity of the community. or the potential of the community is still not maximized. In addition, there are factors that limit community empowerment, such as the low level of community understanding and the lack of facilities and infrastructure.


The effects of irradiation on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the density, and the elastic moduli of low-CTE materials such as amorphous SiO2, ultra-low-expansion glass, β-SiC, Astrositall, and Zerodur were surveyed. It was found that the properties of all of these materials were affected by radiation exposures up to 2 × 109 rd; SiO2 and SiC were the most radiation-resistant of the materials studied.


Identification of Abell 3120 as a galaxy cluster has recently been questioned with alternative suggestions including a fossil remnant of a group merger, non-thermal emission from a radio galaxy, and projected emission from a filamentary string of galaxies. We report on our analysis of the Chandra observation and evaluate these hypotheses based on our results. Abell 3120 shows X-ray emission extending 158 kpc, well beyond the central galaxy. The spatial distribution of X-rays in the core more closely follows the radio emission showing a jet-like structure extending to the north that is misaligned with the stellar light distribution of the central galaxy. At larger radii, the X-ray emission is aligned with the SE–NW running axis of the galaxy distribution in the cluster core. Modeling the X-ray spectrum excludes purely non-thermal emission. The emission-weighted temperature is 1.93–2.19 keV and the 0.3–10 keV luminosity is 1.23 × 1043 erg s−1. Abell 3120 appears to be a poor cluster with Virgo and MKW 4 as peers. The best-fitting model consists of a thermal component and a second component that may be either thermal or non-thermal, with luminosity ∼25% of the total X-ray luminosity. While a more detailed spatial–spectral search failed to detect a central active galactic nucleus, there is some evidence for an extended hard X-ray component. Cooler gas, 1.28–1.80 keV, was detected in the central 20 kpc. The second thermal component marginally requires a higher redshift, >0.12, which may be due to a second cluster in the rich surrounding environment consisting of nearly a thousand cataloged galaxies.


Cybersecurity threats are of prime importance in the aviation context, given the widespread availability of exploitable
vulnerabilities and the technological increase of attacker capabilities. There is currently a gap of knowledge on the
safety impact of those threats on Commercial Air Transport (CAT) operations and Air Traffic Management (ATM).
This knowledge is of upmost importance for the comprehensive development of aviation cybersecurity standards.
This paper aims at analysing the impact of a specific set of aviation cybersecurity threats, namely the spoofing of the
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal. To this end the paper describes the results of a series of flight
simulation exercises executed with actual CAT pilots using the DLR Air Vehicle Simulator (AVES), purposely
enhanced to simulate the GNSS spoofing events. Such results include the feedback from the pilots and the proposed
mitigation strategies for flight crews and for enhancing current crew training packages.


Character education has several standard values that are each summarized in various definitions. As mentioned in the Diknas, that there are 18 character values that a nation should have, namely: Religious, Honesty, Tolerance, Discipline, Hard Work, Creative, Independent, Democratic, Curiosity, National Spirit, Love of the Homeland, Appreciating Achievement, Friendship/ communication, Peace love, Gemar Reading, Caring for the Environment, Social Care, and Responsibility. Kitab al-Akhlak lil Banat volume 1 by ustadz Umar bin Ahmad Baraja, a book containing moral guidance for the daughter students who are always in her writing always give knowledge and advice – advice, in the presence of the book al-akhlak lil banat is expected that the reader or student can respond to any stimulus given in the book of al-akhlak lil banat volume 1, then motivated to run and practice it. Gradually it becomes a good habit that will become a positive character for each student. The study of the book al-Akhlak lil Banat volume 1 was applied in Madarasah Ibtidaiyah Darussalamah Sumbersari to form the morality of students starting early because this lesson was applied in grades 4 and 5 madrasahs Ibtida'iyah.


Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius, is a serious threat to coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, including Korea. The efficacy of abamectin and emamectin benzoate for preventing the PWD in the field and its effect on the vectors Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were evaluated. An experimental plot was delimited, of which consists of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest in South Korea, and trunk injection trials were made with abamectin and emamectin benzoate. Branches of each tree were collected, and are subsequently subjected to the analysis of residues for both nematicides. Results obtained in this study showed that abamectin and emamectin benzoate showed over 90% mortality at the recommended concentration after 6 days and 8 days, respectively. Consequently, it was found that both insecticides have a higher effect on the susceptibility and persistence of two vectors of PWD, M. alternatus and M. saltuarius feeding on branches of the trees, and its application by trunk injection is confirmed as an option for pine wilt disease management programs in Korea.


The proposed China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) faces significant challenges due to differential frost heaving and thaw settlement resulting from significant variations of oil temperatures along the pipeline. It is thus important to investigate the oil temperature distribution along the pipeline during the long-term operation period, the development of the frozen and thawed cylinders around the pipeline, and the variation of maximum freezing-thawing depths beneath the pipeline in the permafrost regions. The investigation is of help for selecting route, assessing and predicting the differential frost heave and thaw settlement of the Soils Surrounding Pipeline (SSP), analyzing pipeline strain/stress, designing foundation, optimizing the wall-thickness of the pipe and taking mitigative measures against the potential adverse impacts from the freezing-thawing of the SSP. In this study, a quasi three-dimensional computational model was developed to investigate the above issues considering the latest conditions. The results indicated that: 1) the compressor station and frictional heat have the significant warming impacts on the oil temperatures along the CRCOP; 2) the variation of the oil temperatures is mainly controlled by the thermal regime of the SSP, the inlet oil temperatures, the warming effects of the compressor stations and factional heat as well as global climate warming, and the volume of the pipeline's throughput; 3) the variations of the frozen and thawed cylinders and freezing-thawing depths at the typical locations along the CRCOP have been remarkably influenced by the oil temperatures, climate change, and the water (ice) content; 4) the warming effects of climate change, compressor stations and factional heat are adverse factors against abating thaw settlement in permafrost area, but they are advantageous for mitigating frost heave in the seasonally frozen ground area or taliks.


In this paper, we present a study of a large corpus of student logic exercises in which we explore the relationship between two distinct measures of difficulty: the proportion of students whose initial attempt at a given natural language to first-order logic translation is incorrect, and the average number of attempts that are required in order to resolve the error once it has been made. We demonstrate that these measures are broadly correlated, but that certain circum- stances can make a hard problem easy to fix, or an easy problem hard to fix. The analysis also reveals some unexpected results in terms of what students find dif- ficult. This has consequences for the delivery of feedback in the Grade Grinder, our automated logic assessment tool; in particular, it suggests we should provide different kinds of assistance depending upon the specific 'difficulty profile' of the exercise.


MOOC has aroused great concern of the whole educational field in the world, which also plays a significant role in pro-moting the reforms of higher education in China and English teaching in universities. This paper expounded the active functions de-veloped by MOOC on English teaching pattern, contents and evaluating ways.


Endometriosis( EMS) is a common and popular gynecological disease in women of reproductive age. At present,laparoscopy is still the golden standard of diagnosis of EMS,which has certain limitations. The pathogenesis of EMS is complex,and in recent years many experts have done a series of intensive researches,and found that immune dysfunction and a variety of cytokines secretion disorder might participate in the occurrence and development of EMS. The developments of these theories provide more and more references to find such biomarkers,and theoretical basis to find specific markers for diagnosis of EMS and future disease surveillance and immune therapy.


ABSTRACT Although the assessment of student learning has become a very important issue in higher education, there appear to be few examples of plans for assessing programs for mathematics majors in the professional literature. This paper will present some aspects of the plan at Xavier University for assessing the mathematics major. In the spring of 1995, the department submitted its assessment plan which addressed the following topics: goals and objectives, relationship of department goals and objectives to those of the university, strategies to accomplish goals, assessment techniques, and feedback mechanisms. While the goals of the program and the strategies to accomplish these goals will be stated, the main component of this article is the list of assessment techniques. We relate the current status of implementing the plan along with changes we envision.


Provided is a method which enables the manufacture of a high-performance mold for antireflective structures without requiring patterning. A mixed gas composed of sulfur hexafluoride and oxygen is introduced into a reactive ion etching apparatus; a base composed of a semiconductor or metal material capable of reacting with sulfur hexafluoride is placed in the apparatus; plasma is generated from the mixed gas; oxygen ions in the plasma are allowed to bond to ions in the semiconductor or metal material which has been reacted with the sulfur hexafluoride, thereby forming oxides at random positions on the surface of the base; and the etching with sulfur hexafluoride is allowed to proceed on the surface of the base using the oxides as etching-prevention masks. In this manner, a fine lattice structure having a pitch ranging from 0.05 to 0.35 micrometer, a depth of 0.2 to 1 micrometer and an aspect ratio of 0.8 or more can be formed on the surface of the base.


This study investigates factors influencing the customers' decision to use self-service kiosks in quick service restaurants. A model incorporating Technology Acceptance Model and Satisfaction Model was developed to examine the relationships among trust, self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intention toward using these kiosks. The moderating impact of age, gender and past self-service kiosks experience was also examined. An online survey that measured customer perceptions and evaluations of self-service kiosks in McDonald's garnered 415 responses. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling and multiple regression analyses. Recommendations address the importance of clear, accessible information about kiosk operation; visible security measures; and enhanced features such as menu item nutrient profiles and promotions. These findings and recommendations can be used to promote self-service kiosk usage, thereby addressing the COVID-19 induced prohibitions against direct service in restaurants.


The faulted structures in Tazhong area is complex,which makes it hard to ascertain the shape of structures.Because of the difference on acquisition time,parameters,processing methods,seismic and geologic conditions,the problem is still unsolved for piecing velocity modeling and structure mapping.Aiming at the poor whole structure evaluation and difficulty in exploration deployment,the detailed velocity modeling and velocity-variable structure mapping of eight-piecing processing in Tazhong area has been probed.Based on the study of velocity datum unified technique,velocity closure analysis and correction technique,and velocity de-noise technique controlled by interpreted layer framework,the whole velocity model of eight-piecing area has been achieved,as well as the whole structure map of every reflections.


This research concerns determining authors' scientific influence in library and information science research and their impact on the intellectual structure of the discipline by means of integrative indicators of the Scholarly Capital Model and co-authorship patterns. Research records comprised articles published from 1945 to 2016 in library and information science core journals and indexed in Web of Science. CiteSpace (software for visualization of scientific patterns and trends) was employed to map the intellectual structure of library and information science research based on co-authorship patterns. The results showed that the top 10 authors of library and information science research with the highest scores in terms of influence indicators (except for one person) were mostly concerned with the field of scientometrics which can be considered as the special impact of scientometric authors on the intellectual structure of library and information science research especially in recent years. Based on the results of the research, integrative use of scientometric indicators for measuring authors' level of scholarly influence may grant a more precise perspective for decision makers in the field of library and information science.


Recently we have proposed the use of the time series of Google Earth to investigate the motion of sand dunes. In this paper we consider a case study, applying the method to some barchans of the Kharga Oasis. To evaluate the motion of these dunes as a function of their size we use Gimp, a GNU image processing software.


Laminated glass is a sandwich element with shows a viscoelastic behaviour and which consists of two or more monolithic glass sheets and one or more polymeric interlayers such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The mechanical behaviour of glass layers is usually considered linear-elastic whereas that of the polymeric interlayer is usually modelled as linear-viscoelastic. The loss factor of PVB is very low at temperatures below 10oC which means that the dissipation of energy under this temperature is very small resulting in large vibration amplitudes of laminated glass elements in this temperature range. In this work, several operational modal tests have been carried out on a laminated glass beam at different temperatures in the range -15oC to 45oC. The modal parameters have been identified with Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) and the Stochastic SSI methods. The experimental results are compared with those predicted with the analytical model proposed by of Ross, Kerwin and Ungar for sandwich beams


In the condition that market demand is uncertain and relative to the retail price,we build up the revenue-sharing contracts model in supply chain of brand monopolization,and optimized the model with the target of supply chain's profit achieve to the highest point,got the optimal union of solution.After the analysis,we get that in order to achieve the supply chain coordination,the wholesale price and revenue-sharing scale need to satisfy the particular line function,the manufacturer and distributor need to guarantee the goods source is ample.Finally,Pass the number calculation and imitate,we inquired into the influence of the contractual parameter variety to the supply chain and its member's profits.


After questionaire method and visit and talk method having been used, we gave analyzes to the situations and difficulties of scientific research of P.E. academic teachers in Guangdong. The result shows that work hard and have good choice for item are main flows in reasearch as while as combined the needs of school teaching. But there are also some weak parts in their scientific research programs such as the directions of research are not very clearly for many teachers, too many teachers have heavy duties for their teaching even hardly do their research and there are few higher level efforts can be seen by the reason of most academic P.E. teachers are short of well scientific research training.


Based on theory and methodology of landscape ecology,in this paper,it used the forest management inventory of Changsha in 2003 and TM image of Changsha which had been get in 2003,gradient analyzed the landscape pattern of urban forest in Changsha fringe areas by using the 3S techniques,and then grasped the situation of urban forest space landscape pattern in Changsha and it's basic characteristics.Study results show that: At the level of class,urban forest landscape showed respective gradient characteristics along the transect,and was obviously "V" distribution,the proportion of the landscape at the city fringe area was the biggest;At the level of landscape,urban forest landscape distributions in the city center were small,but they were more concentrated,degree of fragmentation was lowly and had comparison rules shape.The more close to the city fringe area,the more degree of fragmentation,and the shape becomes more natural.


Optical dielectric metasurfaces are typically composed of meta-atoms in the form of simple parametrized geometrical shapes. Meta-atoms with more complex cross-sectional geometries may enable better performance and multiple functionalities. Here we present a metasurface design technique based on a combination of the level-set method and the adjoint optimization technique that efficiently explores the available degrees of freedom of meta-atoms. As a proof of concept, we design a 75° metasurface beam deflector with 80% deflection efficiency.


Objective To explore the role of IEGs in the central neurotoxicity of mice induced by anatoxin-a ANTX-A. Methods 80 Kunming mice were divided into groups and treated with ANTX-A at 200, 50 and 12.5 μg/kg respectively i.p. for one month, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used as the control. The expression of c-fos and NGFI-A genes and CREB protein in mouse brain were determined by using RT-PCR and immunocytochemical methods. Results The expression of c-fos gene significantly increased in the females of 50, 200 μg/kg groups and in the males of 200 μg/kg group compared with the control group. The expression of C-FOS and CREB-1 protein was significantly higher in 200 μg/kg group than that in the control group. In all ANTX-A treated groups, the expression of NGFI-A gene did not show a significant difference compared with the control. Conclusion c-fos and CREB-1 genes may play a role in the central neurotoxicity induced by anatoxin-a.


A German delegation consisting of a leading official from each of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) spent November 1988 in Paris, on the invitation of the French educational system, to study the French educational system. The author participated in this study trip as the Bavarian representative.


Objective To investigate the implementation,overall goal and the accomplishment of performance measures of Tuberculosis Control Program of Guangdong Province(2001-2010) (the Program) in Sanshui district,summarize the successful implementation experience of the program and analyze the difficulties and problems for providing the basis of the newly Program. Methods The datas were summarized and analyzed through spot field investigation,reviewing and consulting the month-report,season-report and year-report. Results 3.451 million were provided as the funds from 2001 to 2009. 14 222 cases of suspicious tuberculosis were examined and 3876 cases were certified positive until 2009 in the whole Sanshui District. The DOTS coverage was 100% in the whole Sanshui District patients. The negative conversion rate of newly smear positive patients in 2 months was 91.58% and the cure rate was 95.71%;the negative conversion rate of re-treated smear positive patients in 2 months was 90.4% and the cure rate was 92.82%. 928 cases were saved and 1271 person-time were avoided from the infection of tuberculosis through the treatment of the positive patients,which benefit 865900 directly and 702.0955 millions indirectly. Conclusion The DOTS coverage,the negative conversion rate of first found smear positive patients and re-treated smear positive patients in 2 months and the cure rate reach the national requirements during the planning period,which effectively reduced the spread of tuberculosis,saved a large number of social medical expenses and achieved remarkable social and economic effects.


SOUTHERN AFRICA is somewhat different from other countries in that we have two social structures, the White and the Black, existing side by side, but with different cultures and methods of expression. No peoples of the world have been more rapidly urbanized than the Black peoples of South Africa, and yet the essential difference of their personality traits and passionate nature still persists whether they have been urbanized or are still rural.


The Yangtze River forms the boundary of the relief,in Wuhu Region.The alluvial plain is to the northwest of the Yangtze River and the hill country is to the southeast of the river.In the hill country,the valleys and gullies are characterized by broad and flat U-type valleys.The terrace Ⅰand the terrace Ⅱ along the Yangtze River are mainly formed by accumulation terraces and partly by erosional terraces.Cenozoic stratigraphy is mainly consists of middle and late Pleistocene series and Holocene series.Since Neogene,two hiatuses occurred.The first hiatus occurred between Pliocene and Quaternary,characterized by the end of running water sediments in the cave and the uplift of all the caves;the second hiatus occurred between the middle and late Pleistocene,characterized by the tectonic uplift which lasted about 340ka.Since Cenozoic,tectonic movement is characterized by the differential movement,and not by faulting and folding.The main features of the neotectonic movement are inherited,differential and intermittent.The inherited movement was dominant at the early period,The differential movement was quite outstanding at the late period,and the intermittent movement ran through all Cenozoic.According to geology,geomorphology,fault activity and dating data,the starting time of the neotectonic movement should be between the late Pliocene and the early Quaternary in Wuhu Region.


A new genus of the family Theridiidae is described under the name of Yunohamella. Three species, Yunohamella yunohamensis (Bosenberg & Strand 1906), Y. subadulta (Bosenberg & Strand 1906) and Y. lyrica (Walckenaer 1842), are newly transferred from Takayus Yoshida 2001.


ABSTRACT A novel Y-shaped liquid crystalline epoxy with a rigid core with three flexible liquid crystalline arms (ETTPM) was synthesised and its structure was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was analysed and observed by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and polarised optical microscopy (POM) that the liquid crystal phase was stable on the temperature range of 107.8°C. In particular, an unusual transition phenomenon of liquid crystal phases was observed. Modified epoxy-resin-cured products were prepared using ETTPM, epoxy resin E51 and 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane. The liquid crystalline domains in cured products were observed by researching their scattering effect on laser. Mechanical tests showed that ETTPM was effective for the mechanical properties improvement of epoxy-resin-cured products, as demonstrated in the improvement of impact strength, tensile strength and tensile elasticity modulus. The impact fracture cross-sections and surface morphologies were studied further by POM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crack deformation, crack split and notable plastic deformations were found in modified epoxy-resin-cured products, and these factors played important roles in improving the impact strength. Graphical Abstract


A collection of Scientific and Technical Reports (CSTR)13; list is a bibliography of new reports. It is an announcement to be made by an Information Centre or Library as and when new reports are received and acquired by it. Information Centre for Aeronautics (ICA) at National Aeronautical Laboratory, Bangalore produces such a CSTR on monthly basis, announcing thereby its new acquisition of reports. This CSTR list is widely circulated to the users of NAL Library. After generating the above list, the same data is deposited and stored permanently in a report database for the purpose of information retrieval.13; 13; In this document, the input formats, standardisation of input of data, rules and guidelines pertaining to inputting of data of reports are discussed in detail. For inputting of data, UDS 2000 Off-line key to floppy Data entry system has been used. The database of reports is stored and maintained on Sperry Univac 1171/H1 Computer System at the Computer Centre, NAL, Bangalore. This document serves as a manual for inputting data of reports.13; 13;


The CD11/CD18 (β2) integrins are leukocyte-specific adhesion receptors, and their ability to bind ligands on other cells can be activated by extracellular stimuli. During cell activation, the CD18 chain is known to become phosphorylated on serine and functionally important threonine residues located in the intracellular C-terminal tail. Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) δ and PKCβI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCα and PKCη also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCα additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. Ser-756, a residue not phosphorylated by PKC isoforms, also became phosphorylated in T cells after phorbol ester stimulation. When leukocyte extracts were subjected to affinity chromatography on agarose to which residues 751–761 of the CD18 chain phosphorylated at Thr-758 were bound covalently, the only proteins that bound specifically were identified as isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins. Thus, PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CD18 after cell stimulation could lead to the recruitment of 14-3-3 proteins to the activated integrin, which may play a role in regulating its adhesive state or ability to signal.


11 On February 2 , 1 9 3 7 , +he Sfc ther cf the S i z i i l k i m e s z " d = e d , leaving behind a s t c c k of records on the Similki~een band, a ow extinct people. She also left, as a gift to the p e o p l e of British Columbia, a collection of memoirs that reveals, contrary to traditional scholarship, close relatiocships between settleand native communities. One hundred years e a r l i e r , Anne Lister left a " -,me z z 3 s z l e in the forn of her eo2ed dairies that would , when they were finally decoded and published in 1987, have an enormous impact on theories on nineteenth-c3ntury lesbians. Mrs. Allison's memoirs, written fifty years after the pioneering experience, are a scenic, contextual overview, in which she maintains a detached, feminine presence, suited to her English upper-middle-class origins. The structure of her narrative, however, offers a quiet resistance to the dominant male voice of nineteenth-century Englishness. Embedding her own perspectives in conventional forms, she created a forum for unconventionality. Anne Lister's diary, being more immediate, directly involves the narrator as participant in the events she describes. Lister predicted significance and in so doing her work serves as a reliable indicator of the living, resilient patterns of Victarianisms. In her determination to gairA social prominence and find a female life-partner, Lister's unique adaptations to iii daily rituals are a blueprint. of conventional resistance. Anne L i s t e r ' s careful attention ta the r u l s s of visiting, ax? Susen s i l iseri 's relFancs o n a calm dignity, were tools for survivzl o~ their particular frontiers. The two memoirs o f f e r evidence of r n a c i ~ u l a t i o n s of rhetoric in the construction of an , . , . identity withi? as x . s t c r r c a : 2nd geographic c o n t e x t . on with it. To the soup-makers, the encouragers, the questioners and the financiers, I say thank you. Firstly to Jo de Havifland, my mother, whose encouragement has always been a delightful, undisguised pride in me. To Ian Dyck, my thesis supervisor, for his encouragement, scholarship and assistance with this work. and the gift of the introduction to Anne Lister. I am grateful to Hannah Gay, friend, advisor and support, whose intellectual and moral integrity has been the light by which I found my footing. Paulette Roscoe gave so much to this project that simple thacks are not enough for her patience and kindness. My inadequate expressions of gratitude also go to Judi Hayward for her house, computer and thirteen years of friendship. Theresa Healy's fierce and unconditional support has often bolstered my flagging confidence. Likewise my thanks go to Annette Defavary, Mark Leier, Alex Maas, Alex Freund, Pat Newton, Laura Quillici, Jody Castricanc and Jacqueline Larson for their interest in, and critical attention to this work and to Susan Sturman, for "Drawing in the Margins", the title of a song she wrote for 'Mama Quilla' in 1981. My thanks a l s o go to Julie S~wrnan for her skill and willingness in clearing obstacles as they arose.


Introduction: We report a microchip system detecting particle size through impedance analysis while simultaneously detecting fluorescence signals (fig.1). Particle size analysis in microfluidics has been done using various methods such as Coulter counter methods and Laser induced fluoroscopy methods. However, Coulter counter method detects only the size of the passing particles, and therefore no fluorescence information can be acquired. Fluorescence information is used for analysis of cells and other biological particles. Laser induced fluoroscopy uses laser as the primary fluorescence induction and particle size analysis, but requires large and expensive induction and detection system, is difficult to implement onto a portable system, and the optical setup system is complicated. Microfluidic application of various fluorescence particle analysis is focused on the size reduction of the entire system, and therefore a method of detecting particle size with an electrical method while optical detection only applies to fluorescence detection is expected to greatly reduce the overall complexity and cost of the flow cytometry system. Methods: Particle size analysis was done with a pair of Polyelectrolyte Gel Electrodes (PGE) using DC impedance analysis on a glass microchannel. The microfabricated PGEs, along with glass microchip frame, are transparent. Therefore, we have implemented a fluorescence induction circuit using a 470 nm Light-Emitting-Diode perpendicular to the optical detection setup. Fluorescent beads (480,520) of sizes 5, 10 & 15um in PBS solution were measured using the glass microchip setup. Results: Fig.2 shows the result of detecting plain microbeads and fluorescent microbeads using the developed hybrid FACS-Coulter counter cytometry microfluidic chip. Upper peak corresponds to the impedance signal detected with the PGEs while the lower peak corresponds to the fluorescence signal detected with a photomultiplier tube. Distinct impedance signal difference between microbeads enables size recognition of the particles flowing through the microchannel while the fluorescence data shows the fluorescence on the beads passing through the detection region. Discussion: In this study, particle size and fluorescence data in microchannel along with the mixture ratio of them were measured, enabling a novel method of implementing flow cytometry in a microfluidic system.


Abstract : The United States Ship (USS) Carl Vinson (CVN-70) battle group, commanded by Rear Admiral (RADM) (now retired) Thomas E. Zelibor, departed its home port in Bremerton, Washington, on July 23, 2001, ready for a scheduled deployment in support of Operation SOUTHERN WATCH in the Arabian Gulf. On September 11, 2001, the same day that the battle group reached the North Arabian Sea, the al-Qaeda terrorist network attacked the Pentagon, the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, and crashed a plane into a rural Pennsylvania field. Over the next several months, the battle group would undertake combat activities it had not planned for and would work in a joint and combined environment fighting the war on terror during Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF). RADM Zelibor, having seen the power of network centric warfare (NCW) firsthand during the Global 2000 wargame, implemented transformational practices that changed the very nature of command and control (C2) within his command. He saw the need for a more efficient and effective way of conducting daily activities. He sought to change the way those in his command could get information and react to that information by reducing the amount of time needed to prepare briefs (that were outdated as soon as they were created) and by introducing the idea of adding time for staff planning. Under RADM Zelibor's guidance, the sailors and staff were able to transform daily operations and work together more efficiently to achieve their mission. RADM Zelibor's task force grew by orders of magnitude after the September 11 attacks, the sailors and staff were so successful at streamlining the daily operational process that they were able to make distinct changes that allowed them to experience a shared understanding of the battlespace, to collaborate, and to develop mission objectives more quickly.


The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the undoubted right and propriety on the part of the United States Government to accord belligerent rights to the Cuban insurgents. It must be confessed, however, at the outset, that it is very difficult to see what immediate practical benefits the Cubans are to enjoy as a result of these rights, so far as the conduct of the war against Spain is concerned, inasmuch as they are in no position to exercise them. Such recognition by the United States would doubtless give them much moral aid and encouragement in inspiring increased hope and enthusiasm in the Cuban breast, and might induce many natives and


By means of bibliometrics, 80 papers on content analysis study issued in correlative Chinese periodicals of the decade between 1992 and 2002 are quantitatively analyzed in terms of time, space and subject distribution. Some relevant problems existing in our country and the development of content analysis study are also discussed.


The invention relates to a 3D stereograph, in particular to a 3D stereograph optical grating colorful and white printing method. The method comprises the steps that alignment indication lines are printed on a bearing platform of a flat plate straight printer; an optical grating blank is cropped and placed on the platform of the flat plate straight printer to be roughly aligned with the alignment indication lines; optical grating bars on an optical grating plate are accurately and finely adjusted and aligned with the alignment indication lines under the microscopy condition, and it is ensured that the optical grating bars accurately coincide with the alignment indication lines; a printing start point position is set on a computer according to the positions of the printed alignment indication line, and a first colorful pattern is printed on the optical grating plate; the flat plate straight printer returns to the start point position, a layer of while printing ink is printed on the printed first colorful pattern; the printing start point position is adjusted and determined again and needs to coincide with the set printing start point position, and the optical grating plate is adsorbed in a vacuum mode and fixed; the printed first colorful pattern is output again to be printed, a second colorful pattern is printed on the optical grating plate, the two colorful patterns are the same and coincide, and the process is ended.


The survey of college students' PE consciousness status of ten colleges of Henan Province shows that college students' PE values are relatively optimistic,and that the factors that affect college students' taking part in physical exercise are as the same as results from other provinces and that the main sports items college students like are bodybuilding and amusing ones.


The essay examines the painting, collecting, and general popularity of English modern art in Los Angeles, California, through a discussion of the work of English Pop artist David Hockney. The author explains how Hockney sought to engage with and parody art collectors in his work, with emphasis given to his depictions of sculptors. Hockney's representations of interior space and architecture are analyzed as well.


Discriminating increaser species is important for mapping rangeland degradation. The main objectives of this paper were to (1) determine whether four increaser species could be discriminated from each other and (2) determine the key wavelengths that have high discriminatory power. Spectral data were taken at canopy level from Hyparrhenia hirta, Eragrostis curvula, Sporobolus africanus and Aristida diffuse from Okhombe rangeland, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A field portable analytical spectral device with spectral range from 350 nm to 2500 nm was used in the analysis. Three-tier hierarchical techniques of One-way ANOVA, stepwise discriminant function analysis and canonical function analysis were used. The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in spectral reflectance among four species on 439 wavelengths. The most important eight wavelengths (665 nm, 729 nm, 848 nm, 895 nm, 1039 nm, 998 nm, 681 nm and 972 nm) that have been selected for spectral discrimination were largely located in the visible, red-edge and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. The three tiers of analysis yielded species discrimination with an overall accuracy of 83 percent and a KHAT value of 0.77. The use of the spectroscopic approach applied in this study indicated that the increaser species were spectrally different. Therefore, these results encouraged further investigation into the possibility of mapping increaser species as indicators of different levels of rangeland degradation.


The incorporation of concepts such as flexible manufacturing (FMS), computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), just-in-time (JIT), and total quality control (TQC) in modern manufacturing environments render simulation modeling of such systems a complex and time consuming task. Continous flow manufacturing (CFM) is a manufacturing strategy that employs the above concepts. This paper describes a generic simulator for modeling CFM systems. The simulator allows the details of the system to be represented parametrically, following a "core" modeling approach to represent the manufacturing logic. The focus in developing the simulator has been to represent the complex phsical and operational characteristics of CFM systems in a realistic manner. In addition, quick and easy model development without involving repetitive programming for similar CFM systems has been an important consideration.


This demo presents a novel technique of enriching students' learning experience in electronic engineering laboratories and the basis for its design. The system employs mobile augmented reality (AR) and physical smart objects that can be used in conjunction to assist students in laboratories. Such systems are capable of providing just-in-time information and sensing errors made while prototyping of specific electronic circuits. These systems can help reduce cognitive load of students in laboratories and bridge gaps between theory and practical applications that students face in laboratories. Two prototypes have been developed – (i) an intelligent breadboard prototype that can sense errors like loose wiring, wrong connections, etc. for a specific experiment, and, (ii) an AR application that provides visualization and instruction for circuit assembly and operating test equipment. The intelligent breadboard acts as a smart learning object. Design methods were used to conceptualize and build such systems. The idea is to merge practices of Human Computer Interaction with those of machine learning to design highly situated physically located tutoring systems for students. Such systems can help innovatively in teaching and learning in engineering laboratories.


Introduction: The mineral apatite [Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)] is present in a wide array of planetary materials, and due to the presence of volatiles within its crystal structure, many recent studies have attempted to use apatite to constrain the volatile contents of planetary magmas and mantles [1-9]. In order to use the volatile concentrations of apatite to precisely determine the abundances of volatiles in coexisting silicate melt or fluids, thermodynamic models for the apatite solid solution and for the apatite components in multicomponent silicate melts and fluids are required. Although some thermodynamic models for apatite have been developed [i.e., 10, 11-14], they are incomplete. Furthermore, no mixing model is available for the apatite components in silicate melts or fluids. Several experimental studies have investigated the apatite-melt and apatite-fluid partitioning behavior of F and Cl in terrestrial systems [i.e., 14, 15, 16-17]; however, the partitioning has proved to be compositionally dependent [i.e., 16, 17], and experiments on magmatic systems relevant to extraterrestrial magmas have not been conducted. Moreover, the experimental studies that have been conducted did not determine apatite-melt partition coefficients for OH (hereafter referred to using the oxide component H2O). In the present study, we conducted apatite-melt partitioning experiments in a Depths of the Earth piston cylinder press at 1.0 GPa and 990-1000 °C on a synthetic martian basalt composition equivalent to the basaltic shergottite Queen Alexandria Range (QUE) 94201. Experimental Methods: Three powdered mixes were designed based on the QUE 94201 composition with approximately 5 wt.% additional P2O5 (to induce early phosphate saturation). Each of the three mixes was either an F, Cl, or H2O endmember with ~1 wt.% of either F, Cl, or H2O. The mixes were created by first accurately weighing silicates, oxides, Ca2P2O7, Ca(OH)2, CaF2, and MgCl2 powders in the proportions needed for obtaining the desired compositions. Next, the powders were mechanically mixed sequentially by volume in an automatic agate mortar/pestle grinder for a total of 3.5 hours under ethanol. The Fe/∑Fe value in the mixture was 0.10. Because MgCl2 is soluble in ethanol, the Cl-bearing mix was ground under dry conditions. Each experiment for the present study was conducted under "wet" conditions, and mixtures of the three powders (each with a different F:Cl: H2O ratio) were packed into a graphite capsule. Next, the capsule was loaded into a talc-pyrex cell using the same cell assembly reported by Elardo et al. [18]. The assembled cell was then placed within a 1⁄2 inch [1.27 cm.] Depths of the Earth piston-cylinder apparatus (using the piston-out method) and pressurized immediately. Next, the temperature was raised to a melting temperature of 1250°C. After melting for 20 minutes, the temperature was dropped to the desired crystallization temperature of 990-1000 °C and left to crystallize for 3.25-8.50 hours. The temperature of each experiment was both controlled and monitored by a W5Re95-W26Re74 thermocouple. At the end of each experiment, the run was rapidly quenched. Results: Experimental charges were implanted into indium metal within 1" aluminum metal discs and polished for subsequent analysis by SIMS and EPMA. The largest apatites that grew from the silicate melt were approximately 4-5 microns in the shortest dimension, so they could not be analyzed with the 6f ion microprobe. However, glasses from all the experiments were analyzed by SIMS to determine H2O contents. The apatite in each sample was analyzed by EPMA, and H2O contents for the apatite were calculated using the F and Cl data assuming the monovalent anion site in apatite summed to one structural formula unit. Glass compositions were also determined by EPMA to obtain F and Cl contents. In all, we conducted 6 succesful experiments. The F, Cl, and H2O contents of glass and coexisting apatites are presented in Table 1 for all 6 experiments. Values presented are based on the average of approximately 5-10 analyses. Table 1. F-Cl-H2O contents of glass and apatite within experimental run products. All values are in wt.% Exp # 07 12 13 16 17 18 Gl-F 0.08 0.38 0.44 0.17 0.18 0.22


Investigations on the anti-bacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus were made by using bio-technical method. Light scattering properties of these particles were studied as a function of scattering angle by using a versatile laboratory light scattering setup in order to find the scattering profile of ZnO nanoparticles and also the mode of action of these particles on bacterial property.


In the Indian context where the status of women is very low the husband is the key person in the decision making process at the family level. In the milieu since the social threshold for care seeking is very high it is not acceptable that a woman goes out to seek treatment for an apparently trivial reproductive morbidity like excessive menses vaginal discharge or anemia may invite ridicule. It has often been recommended that social sanction for such care seeking behavior needs to be generated. This can be done by raising the awareness of the community in general and by sensitizing them to reproductive health needs of women. Thus it is vital to get the complete picture of the male perspective on reproductive health of women in the Indian context. The present paper deals with this aspect. (excerpt)


A small, to provide a low cost, lightweight, multifunctional, and sculptures and versatile type grinding apparatus based on the processor control with easy operability characteristics (PCCMPS machine). A PCCMPS machine (100) has a generally partially similar to the portable timber planers and well-known laser / inkjet computer printer commercially available configuration, the workpiece (112) is horizontal It is inserted into PCCMPS machine along the direction. PCCMPS machine drives a removable processing blade comprises drilling a workpiece based on processor computer control, cutting, shaping, and the groove cutting on the motor side cutting head (114). Cutting head in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement by the motor drive roller workpiece is fed to PCCMPS machine (107-109), so as to move linearly back and forth across the surface of the workpiece based on the processor control it may be configured. .FIELD 1


Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a component of the respiratory chain with antioxidant properties that has in recent years been advocated as a therapy for heart disease. In the cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure, the evidence supporting CoQ10 use is diminished by experimental design flaws, while that opposing its use is based on relatively solid planning. Although critical analysis of studies up to date suggests that CoQ10 does not have a significant effect on relieving aspects of heart disease, technical difficulties in delivering the supplement to human myocytes may have more to do with this observation than an inability of CoQ10 to alleviate symptoms. Further exploration of the subject is needed.


The ground of almond-apricot orchard has been covered with single sunshade net, double sunshade net and grass in the forepart of spring in Ansai county,Nouthern Shanxi, so the soil surface temperature and 30?cm soil temperaturehave been declined, 0~100?cm soil humidity have been relatively increased, florescence, sprouting and others of almond-apricot have been delayed and florescence has been prolonged. These treatments are very advantage to florescence and fruiting to avoid frost. The fruiting rate of almond-apricot that the ground covered with single sunshade net, double sunshade net and grass are 3.93, 5.50 and 6.62 times of almond-apricot that the ground not covered.


Assume one has open-ended questions in a survey and seriously wants to analyze the answers to these questions. This text discusses a number of choices when a thematic text analysis is to be applied. It starts with requirements to be posed of the open-ended questions themselves and sketches choices in the development of a code system. Coding can be performed from an instrumental or a representational perspective. First, the coding is performed from the investigator's point of view, and can be performed by a computer program. Secondly, the point of view of the respondent is acknowledged. Here, the computer can be used as a management tool, but the coding must be performed by a human coder. The choice of one of these methods depends on what the investigator is looking for and has consequences for how to proceed. When the representational coding is applied, there are questions of intercoder reliability. The codes to be used should be decided upon before or during the coding process.


Appling two kind elements of alloy law,the relation of hardness and heat treatment with usual use carbon steel of textile accessories have been researched.The studies show that the calculated value of hardness is similar to the actual value of hardness when carbon steel is in the state of full annealing,spheroidized annealing and normalizing.It has been found that martensitic hardness in carbon steel is determined with the hardness of martensite lath and martensite plate,and there is secondary hardness ΔHB which is consisted of martensite lath and martensite plate when they are mixed in the range of 0.3%~1.0%C.High carbon steel will be gain a more amount of undissolved(remained) carbide and higher hardness when the steel is quenched with austenite of non homogeneous chemical composition.Low carbon steel will be gain the highest hardness HB max when the steel is quenched in range of sub critical temperature(Ac 1~Ac 3).


The purpose of this study was to evaluate myocardial electrocardiography (ECG)-gated 13N-ammonia (N-NH3) PET for the assessment of cardiac end-diastolic volume (EDV), cardiac endsystolic volume (ESV), left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass (LVMM), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) with gated 18F-FDG PET as a reference method. Methods: ECG-gated N-NH3 and 18F-FDG scans were performed for 27 patients (23 men and 4 women; mean SD age, 55 15 y) for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability. For both N-NH3 and 18FFDG studies, a model-based image analysis tool was used to estimate endocardial and epicardial borders of the left ventricle on a set of short-axis images and to calculate values for EDV, ESV, LVEF, and LVMM. Results: The LV volumes determined by N-NH3 and 18F-FDG were 108 60 mL and 106 63 mL for ESV and 175 71 mL and 169 73 mL for EDV, respectively. The LVEFs determined by N-NH3 and 18F-FDG were 42% 13% and 41% 13%, respectively. The LVMMs determined by N-NH3 and 18F-FDG were 179 40 g and 183 43 g, respectively. All P values were not significant, as determined by paired t tests. A significant correlation was observed between N-NH3 imaging and 18F-FDG imaging for the calculation of ESV (r 0.97, SEE 14.1, P 0.0001), EDV (r 0.98, SEE 15.4, P 0.0001), LVEF (r 0.9, SEE 5.6, P 0.0001), and LVMM (r 0.93, SEE 15.5, P 0.0001). Conclusion: Modelbased analysis of ECG-gated N-NH3 PET images is accurate in determining LV volumes, LVMM, and LVEF. Therefore, ECGgated N-NH3 can be used for the simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion, LV geometry, and contractile function.


The Field of Political Communication - Dan Nimmo and David Swanson Beyond the Voter Persuasion Paradigm PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION - POLITICAL LANGUAGE AND POLITICAL LEARNING Language and Politics - Paul E Corcoran Election Campaigns as Occasions for Civic Education - Richard A Joslyn PART TWO: TOWARD A BROADENED UNDERSTANDING OF POLITICAL MESSAGES The Construction of Everyday Life - David Morley Political Communication and Domestic Media News and Politics - Dennis K Davis Popular Culture, Media, and Political Communication - Bruce E Gronbeck PART THREE: THE INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE The Rhetoric of Political Institutions - Craig Allen Smith and Kathy B Smith Political Communication in Decision-Making Groups - Michael W Mansfield Comparative Research - Michael Gurevitch and Jay G Blumler The Extending Frontier PART FOUR: RECENT POLITICAL COMMUNICATION RESEARCH - A REVIEW AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Trends in Political Communication - Anne Johnston Wadsworth A Selective Review of Research in the 1980s Selective Bibliography of Political Communication Research 1982-1988 - Anne Johnston Wadsworth


2D polyphase molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has become a popular material for energy conversion and interdisciplinary applications. Because of the charge transfer (CT) and band bending at interface, the construction of...


The author reviews developments to upgrade the performance of NiCd button cells to meet the requirements of equipment designed for use in the 1990s, with special emphasis on improving the battery's trickle charge and quick-charge facilities. It is concluded that requirements to enable portable equipment to be fully charged, within an 8 h working day, can now be achieved with a simple charger which can apply a 0.2 C charge to batteries regardless of their state of charge and without any prior conditioning. On the same basis, the need to recover batteries which are used in the standby mode more quickly than the four days previously possible for NiCd button cells, and 24 h required by NiCd sintered cells, can now be achieved by the inclusion of a timer to charge for 7 h at 0.2 C.<<ETX>>


A method and an apparatus for implementing a web-based remote diagnosis are provided to prevent a repeated medical examination and to perform an efficient treatment by systemically managing medical information to include previous medical information. A method for implementing a web-based remote diagnosis includes the steps of: receiving user identification information from a user terminal(S206); receiving information, which selects medical image data and a remote examiner to be an object of a remote diagnosis, from the user terminal(S208); transmitting the selected medical image data to the terminal of the selected remote examiner(S210); and receiving the diagnosis result for the selected medical image data from the terminal of the remote examiner, and transmitting the received diagnosis result to the user terminal.


In this article an account is given of the collection of data for Omalsordbogen (Dictionary of Danish Insular Dialects), including the organisation of work and the kinds of methods used. Special attention is given to the relations between the dialectologists and the informants, examined on the basis of letters to and from the informants and a card index of informants. Having descriptions of the informants in some detail the card index gives an idea of the qualities that were highly valued in the informants. It also gives examples of problems connected with the collection of data, for example that an informant now and then recorded words of the written language like "rod shaped bacterium".


This article proposes some higher order splitting-up techniques based on cubic B-spline Galerkin finite element method in analysing the Burgers equation model. The strong form of both conservation and diffusion parts of the time-splitted Burgers equation have been considered in building the Galerkin approach. To integrate the corresponding ODE system, the Crank-Nicolson time discretization scheme is used. The proposed schemes are shown to be unconditionally stable. Two challenging examples have been considered with changing values of the kinematic viscosity constant of the medium. Especially, the cases of shock waves of severe gradient are solved and checked with both exact solution and the literature. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our numerical approach has far higher accuracy than the rival methods.


Soon after the premiere of the first duo of amazing tracks accompanied by 2 music videos, Poznan, Polands crust barbarians DESZCZ return with an ...


The collection was performed in two plots of prickly pear, with a conventional and organic management, as well as buffer zones. There were collected 10,743 insects and were identified 115 arvenses species. The most plenty were: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) and Fabaceae (11). In the conventional plots (PC), where the Asteraceae predominated, 4932 insects were collected; in the organic plots (PO) the Poaceae prevailed with 2656 samples; and in the buffer zones (ZA), 3155 insects were collected. The biggest amount of samples were collected in June in PC (1282), PO (602) and ZA (565); and from May to October in PC; meanwhile, the biggest amount of insects that were collected in winter, belonged to PO and ZA. Between the Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis a correspondence took place so it explains the similar behavior of Coleoptera in PC, PO and ZA; the same behavior was observed in Orthoptera in PC and ZA equivalent to Diptera in PO; as well as Hemiptera was compared with Hymenoptera in PO, Lepidoptera in PO and ZA; such as Hymenoptera in PC; however, Thysanoptera got less similarity in ZA, PO and PC.


Background: Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) show patterns of trait divergence between habitats that are repeated across many watersheds. For example, stream stickleback generally have deeper bodies than do lake stickleback. Parallel divergence of this sort is often used to infer the power and predictability of natural selection, but how rapidly such lake– stream differences can evolve is unknown. An opportunity to address this uncertainty was provided when two reservoirs on the Hendry Vineyard in Napa, California, were constructed in the early 1970s and filled with water (and thus stickleback) from the adjacent creek. Question: Do reservoir and creek stickleback on the Hendry Vineyard show morphological divergence typical of lake and stream stickleback? Samples: Stickleback from the reservoirs and creek in each of two years, combined with stickleback from six lake–stream pairs on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Methods: Multivariate analyses of univariate traits and geometric morphometric variables. Results: Reservoir and creek stickleback differed only marginally in morphology, especially compared with lake and stream stickleback from Vancouver Island. In contrast to low divergence between habitats on the Hendry Vineyard, morphological variation was very high within habitats. Conclusions: Reservoir–creek divergence in Hendry Vineyard stickleback is seemingly constrained by a combination of weak divergent selection, high gene flow, and limited time for divergence. On the other hand, the high variation within these populations might be used to study the origins and fate of phenotypic variation.


The prognostic utility of the proliferation marker Ki67 to decide breast cancer treatment has been widely investigated and continues to be a source of much controversy. In this study, we evaluated: i) the role of Ki67 as a prognostic and predictive tool in patients with hormone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) carcinoma of the breast and ii) analyzed its correlation with two commonly used clinicopathological parameters, viz node status and tumor grade to predict clinical outcomes. To determine the clinical utility of Ki67 in assessment of breast cancer prognosis, we examined its expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a series of 160 hormone receptor positive patients in a retrospective cohort of Indian patients. Patients were stratified based on Ki67 expression and analyzed for 5-year distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). Amongst the baseline clinicopathologic variables, we found node status, tumor grade, and age correlated significantly with outcome. However no significant correlation was found between Ki67 based risk stratification and patient outcome. Interestingly, increased Ki67 expression was found to correlate significantly with higher tumor grade but not with worse DMFS. In our study, conducted in an Indian cohort comprising 160 patients, Ki67 was not found to be significantly prognostic or predictive in patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer.


A B S T R A C T The work presents some efficient solutions for using the plastic bottles waste (PET) in construction field. For some reinforced concrete elements like monolithically cast reinforced concrete plates, savings in concrete quantities can be achived by executing gaps with lost formworks made by PET. As well, there are presented some proposals for making mattresses, composed by attaching the plastic bottles, intended for execution of thermal#insulations for buildings and some other efficient solutions for reuse the plastic bottles waste. The presented solutions have the advantage that they try to resolve the public society concern regarding the protection of the environment against pollution (in this case, pollution with hardly degradable materials # plastic bottles).


Nasalgen® 3-PMH (N3PMH) has been shown to be effective for vaccination of healthy cattle, 1 week of age or older against five pathogens implicated in the Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) complex: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, Parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), and Pasteurella multocida (PM). Nasalgen® 3-PMH is safe for use in pregnant cows and in calves nursing pregnant cows. For this study, 44 colostrum-deprived Holstein calves were randomly assigned to be vaccinated intranasally with either one dose of vaccine in which the BRSV fraction was reduced to the minimum protective dose and the other viral and bacterial fractions in N3PMH were at the licensed vaccine dose (22 head) or with one dose of a placebo vaccine from which the BRSV fraction was removed but the other viral and bacterial fractions in N3PMH were at the licensed vaccine dose (22 head). All calves were 5 to 7 days old on the day of vaccination (Day 0). No adverse reactions associated with vaccination were observed. On Day 78 after vaccination, all calves were commingled and challenged with aerosolized virulent BRSV. The challenge was repeated on Day 79. The primary outcome, lung lesion score (LLS), was significantly (P<0.0001) lower for the calves vaccinated with N3PMH than for calves in the control group. The proportion of calves infected with BRSV (BRSV detected in the lung via immunohistochemistry) was lower for the vaccinated group (36%) than for the control group (91%). Maximum titer of BRSV shed in nasal secretions was significantly (P=0.0056) lower for calves vaccinated with N3PMH than for calves in the control group. Duration of nasal shedding of BRSV was significantly (P=0.0003) shorter for calves vaccinated with N3PMH than for calves in the control group. Clinical signs of infection (depression, coughing and nasal discharge) by BRSV were mild and present in 6/22 controls and 3/22 of vaccinates at eight days post-challenge. Results of this study reaffirm the safety and efficacy of N3PMH in calves 1 week of age or older against respiratory disease caused by BRSV and demonstrated the duration of immunity to be at least 78 days following intranasal vaccination of healthy calves with a single dose.


The reaction of hyponitrous acid with iodine occurs as (i) in the pH range 4–6 and at [I–] H2N2O2+ I2+⅙H2O → 2HI +½N2O +⅔NO +⅓HNO3(i) 0.025 mol dm–3, and the stoicheiometry Δ[H2N2O2]/Δ[I2] changes from 1 :1 to 2:1 or even 6:1. The rate law (ii) applies where Kd′ is the first acid-–d[I2]T/dt=KK′d[H2N2O2]T[I2]T/[H+](1 +K[I–])(ii) dissociation constant of H2N2O2 and K is the equilibrium constant for the formation of I3–; k was found to be (2.1 ± 0.1)× 104 dm3 mol–1s–1at 35 °C employing K′d= 6.3 ×10–8 mol dm–3 and K= 549 dm3 mol–1.


The author, who is a specialist on the problems around The Story of Apollonius, King of Tyre, makes a pioneer attempt to tackle the question of its origin (Latin or Greek?) systematically. He concludes that a longer Greek original is probable, and that it can be localised in Asia Minor, perhaps in Tarsus. An edition of the major Latin recensions rounds off his study.


OBJECTIVE
To report the clinical benefits of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in a patient with X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP).

DESIGN
Case report.

SETTING
Tertiary referral center. Patient A 40-year-old Filipino man with genetically confirmed XDP and severely disabling generalized dystonia. Intervention Bilateral GPi DBS.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome measures were the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Scale (BFMDS) severity and disability scores, and the secondary outcome measure was the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scores.

RESULTS
At the 1-year postoperative follow-up, there was 80.4% improvement in the BFMDS severity score and 66.7% improvement in the BFMDS disability score.

CONCLUSION
Bilateral GPi DBS seems to be very effective in improving dystonia in XDP.


This paper describes a laboratory experiment designed to study regular arrays of vortices occurring behind an object in a stream of fluid. This phenomenon is observed in industrial flows, flows in the ocean, and in the atmosphere. In the first part of the experiment we consider the flow behind a circular cylinder. In the second part of the experiment the effect of a body on the fluid is imitated by using an appropriate force field, with no real body present in the fluid. The force field (virtual body) is created by a permanent magnet located above the surface of water in combination with an electric current applied in the horizontal direction. The apparatus required for the experiment is inexpensive and easy to construct.


The name Trypanosoma uniforme has been given to this species on account of the uniformity in shape and general appearance which characterises it. Only four oxen were found by the Commission to show this trypanosome in their blood. One was received from Sir Apolo Kagwa, K. C. M. G., the Prime Minister, on August 30, 1909, and its blood at once inoculated into a series of animals. The other three came from the Uganda Company's estate at Namukekera.


A new approach, based on control charts, is presented for the task of recognition of events and scenarios in video image sequences. For each image in the sequence, low level image processing and feature extraction steps result in feature descriptors for objects of interest detected in the images. Control charts analysis is then explored to classify the nature of the activity depicted by the temporal changes in these features over the image sequence. Scenario recognition with higher accuracy is achieved using this simple approach.


Wiragawi Bamboo Music: the Representation of Commodification of Bamboo from the Structural Results at Three Locus. The purpose of this study is to describe the results of the commodification of Wiragawi Bamboo Music as a Representation of Structuring in Three Locus, among others, in West Java Province, Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY), and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). This study uses a qualitative method with a deeper socio-cultural structuration, represented as a work in the form of commodification of bamboo as a musical instrument. The commodification of bamboo as a participatory of 'bamboo body grows' can legitimize an identity and regional authenticity as a form of cultural resilience based on a cultural economy. Bamboo plays an essential role in the cultural process, from birth to death according to its era, so it can be said that bamboo and humans have a close correlation, according to the locus of the area. Research findings include producing a set of Wiragawi bamboo musical instruments as a result of the commodification of bamboo music at three locuses, namely West Java Province, Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY), and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The conclusion shows that the primary material of bamboo is still very open to being a source of inspiration in creativity, mainly to produce various new instruments according to the interests and developments of the era.


The invention provides a woolen sweater treatment fluid containing gellan gum, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of gellan gum, 1-4 parts of glycerol, 3-6 parts of magnesium silicate, 2-5 parts of isopropanol, 3-5 parts of loquat leaf extract, 1-3 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of magnesium hydrate and 90-110 parts of water. The woolen sweater treatment fluid containing the gellan gum has functions of good oil repellency and inhibition of growth of fungi.


Objective To determine and evaluate the transformation of the brain edema and to determine the expression of ET-1mRNA in brain following diffuse brain injury.Methods fifty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:control(n=5),DBI(n=50;they were divided into ten groups again,n=5).Diffuse contusion and laceration of brain was produced by Marmarou's brain injury model.Determine and evaluate the water contained in brain and the expression of ET-1mRNA at different time after brain injury.Results The expression of ET-1mRNA upregulate rapidly after brain injury,it reach top at 6 hours,then decline slowly.The expression of ET-1mRNA are different among groups by karskal-wallis test,P0.01.The water contained in damaged brain increased rapidly at 6 hours.The water contained in damaged brain is different among groups by kurskal-wallis test.It can reach higher level at 12 hours.Conclusion ①the expression of ET-1mRNA following diffuse brain injury is upregulated rapidly in short time.It reaches the top at 6 hours.②The water contained in damaged brain can increase rapidly.It can reach higher level at 12 hours.③The expression of ET-1mRNA following diffuse brain injury can upregulate the water contained in damaged brain.


We present an approach to testing large numbers of molecular-scale devices using flip-chip structures fabricated with standard micromachining techniques. The key fabrication step is the anisotropic etching of silicon to form a knife-edge structure which is 25 nm wide at its tip. To perform the testing, two chips are placed knife edge to knife edge with one chip rotated 90°. The intersecting edges from nanometer-scale probe surfaces. The test chips include micromachined stand-offs that precisely set the gap between the knife edges and enable the use of simple test apparatus to control the positioning of the probes. Preliminary test results are presented.


As semiconductor devices continuously get both smaller and faster, a profound analysis of the dynamic (time-dependent) thermal behaviour is becoming more and more important. In this article some basic concepts and numerical methods for thermal characterization in the frequency domain are explained. Two practical examples are given. First a simple model is presented for a small package mounted on a thin plate subject to convective cooling. The results are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Next the influence of the finite heat propagation speed is investigated. The calculated temperature distributions give a taste of the thermal wave-like phenomena that are probably to occur in future nano-scaled electronics. Keywords— thermal characterization, dynamic, microelectronics, frequency domain, convective cooling, thermal waves I. I NTRODUCTION MORE than 40 years after Moore launched his infamous law [1], a still increasing number of transistors is being squeezed onto a single chip. The combination with the high operating speeds leads to enormous heat densities getting dissipated. The heat sources are very small, making electronics a rather peculiar client in the field of heat transfer. Thermal phenomena inside microchips are relatively fast, and in opposition to most other applications (such as heat exchangers, heating of buildings, etc.) thermal conduction rather than convection is the determining and limiting factor. Additionally, semiconductor properties are highly temperature dependent. Hence the heat produced by transistors will influence their electronic characteristics. This so called electrothermal coupling may endanger the reliability of the device, making thermal analysis an important and challenging link in the chain of the chip design process. II. DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION In many – especially digital – electronic circuits the electric signals and hence the power dissipation is often periodical. This suggests a description of the dynamic thermal behaviour in the frequency domain. Also other more fundamental reasons can be stated, however we will not go into detail here. For such an approach the temperature response to a hypothetical source dissipating a sinusoidally oscillating (with pulsation ω, rad/s) heat power is investigated. For the mathematical description, phasor notation can be used, similar to the electrical AC analysis well known by electronic engineers. The corresponding differential equation for the temperature distribution T (in K) reads: k∇T (~r)− jωCvT (~r) = −p (~r) (1) with k the thermal conductivity (W/mK), Cv the specific heat per volume unit (J/mK) and p the power density (W/m). In B. Vermeersch is with the Thermo-electronics Group of the ELIS Department, Ghent University (UGent), Gent, Belgium. E-mail: email@example.com . some cases the heat equation (1) can be solved analytically, leading to a closed form thermal model. Mostly however numerical or semi-analytical methods are needed. All this will be illustrated by means of two practical examples (sections III and IV). The thermal diffusion is strongly similar to electrical conduction. The temperature T and heat flowQ (in W) are the counterparts of the voltage and current respectively. By consequence a thermal impedance Zth(jω) (in K/W) can be defined, being the temperature of the heat source relative to ambient divided by the dissipated power, both in phasor notation. Zth may be seen as a thermal blueprint of the device. Knowledge of the frequency dependency of the thermal impedance results in a complete yet compact description of the dynamic behaviour. III. POWER AMPLIFIER WITH THIN PLATE COOLING FIN


ABSTRACT The antiretroviral agent atazanavir is associated with mild asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia. We report two cases of symptomatic hyperbilirubinemia attributed to atazanavir in conjunction with the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis agent dapsone. Symptoms and laboratory evidence of hemolysis resolved upon discontinuation of dapsone, enabling successful antiretroviral therapy. Symptomatic hyperbilirubinemia due to hemolytic anemia is a potential adverse event when using the combination of atazanavir and dapsone in the treatment of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus.


Bachelor thesis, in the first part, is dealing with and it is based on theoretical knowledge. It describes the distribution of financial resources, informs about the possible alternatives for the fundraising. It characterizes the types of loans and their subdivisions. It also defines specific forms of financing. In the second chapter, the author focuses on the comparison of a bank credit and a financial leasing, thus on the comparative factors of obtaining a necessary capital by two alternatives, specifically through a bank or a leasing company. The third chapter evaluates the analysis, which has been carried out in the second chapter, on the basis of the documents and comparing their positive and negative aspects. Consequently, it selects the best eventuality of funding for the enterprise.