Purpose is essential for anyone to do anything, of course including financial management, which affects all the aspects of one enterprise. This paper's focus is just to discuss what is the appropriate financial goal for the Chinese enterprises base on the current situations. Firstly, this paper illustrated some significant theory about financial goal in the history. Based on these principles, the paper did some relevant analysis and valuations. After that, "maximization of stakeholders' wealth" was pointed out as one generally accepted principle. Finally, several positive effects about "maximization of stakeholders' wealth" were related. The conclusion of this paper is that the principle "maximization of stakeholders' wealth" is the most appropriate financial goal for Chinese enterprises according to the current Chinese social and economic positions.


Summary Female rats were maintained for 21 days on nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing either "low" or "high" fat content and supplemented with ethanol or isocaloric sucrose as 35% of the calories. Liver triglyceride concentrations were significantly elevated in animals maintained on both diets supplemented with ethanol. However, a greater increment in triglyceride concentrations was manifested in the "high" fat ethanol group under conditions of similar caloric intake. The intraperitoneal administration of the lipid antioxidant, N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), prior to, and during the dietary period significantly inhibited the ethanol-induced increment in hepatic triglyceride concentration. The inhibition of the chronic ethanol-induced steatosis, in conjuction with our previous studies of antioxidant modification of the acute ethanol-in-duced hepatic lesion, further accents the possible role of lipid peroxidation as a determinant in cell injury and the role of antioxidants as liver protective agents.


An engineering case is given in this paper to introduces the calculation process of the project cost estimation by using the fuzzy mathematics,a comparison between the calculation results and the practical completion results shows that the error is in the accepted range allowed,the value of the adjustment coefficientis given,which provides the reference for the engineering cost managers.


Beau's lines are transverse grooves on the nail surface that are the result of the temporary arrest of nail matrix formation. The transitory interference with nail growth rates is usually induced by severe systemic disability or disease. Measles, mumps, pneumonia, excessive exposure to cold, the carpal tunnel syndrome, and acrodermatitis enteropathica 1 have all been reported as causes of Beau's lines. The nail dystrophy often involves all of the nails and becomes clinically apparent weeks after the inciting event. A case of Beau's lines occurring in a patient with pustular psoriasis, and occurring simultaneously with telogen effluvium, is presented. Report of a Case A 75-year-old woman with a four-year history of psoriasis was admitted to the Medical College of Ohio Hospital, Toledo, for treatment of extensive pustular psoriasis. The patient had had two prior episodes of pustular psoriasis that had been treated with methotrexate and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. For the


In many data analysis applications, application-level parameters influence the execution time of the data analysis method or program. Some of these parameters also affect the accuracy of output of the analysis. In this work, we investigate execution strategies for adaptive data analysis applications where the user is willing to trade-off accuracy of output for performance gain and vice-versa. In order to meet the user defined quality of service requirements, the system must dynamically select values for the parameters during execution. We propose algorithms for adaptive processing of image tiles at different resolutions so that user defined requirements in terms of accuracy of the result and execution time constraints can be satisfied. We develop heuristics for estimation of accuracy vs performance characteristics of image tiles and for scheduling of the tiles for processing. We implement a demand-driven strategy for parallel execution of these heuristics on a parallel machine. We evaluate our approach for analysis of large images from digitized microscopy scanners.


Taylor and Francis Ltd FEEJ340104.sgm 10.1080/ 350167042000267989 E st European Jewish Affairs 350-1674 (pri t)/1743-971X (online) Origin l Article 2 04 & F cis Ltd 34 0 00Summer 2 04 Karel Poláč[ car on] ek (1892–1945), a Czech Jew from the provincial Eastern Bohemian town of Rychnov nad Kněž[ zcar on] ou, was a well-known satirist – a journalist, feuilletonist, courtroom reporter, short-story writer, collector of Jewish jokes, screenwriter and novelist. While he was underestimated during his lifetime, he is currently recognised as one of the major literary figures of the First Republic (1918–38). From the beginning of his career, Poláč[ car on] ek was preoccupied with language and, more importantly, with what language concealed. For example, his 1926 feuilleton Poně[ e c ar on] vadž[ z car on] (Because/For/Due to the Fact That) provides a highly unscientific analysis of the use of a single (eponymous) word, connecting clichéd language with ethics in a humorous manner. Poláč[ car on] ek describes the word 'poně[ e c a r on] vadž[ z c ar on] ' as leading a double life. On the one hand, it sounds vaguely foreign, elegant and exotic; it 'wears a Turkish fez on its head and is dressed in an impeccable dinner jacket' (p. 391). On the other hand, 'poně[ e c a r on] vadž[ zcar on] ' is personified as a balding, red-headed man with a pince-nez who lives in the Vinohrady district of Prague, exercises at the patriotic Sokol club, is good at the game of preference, likes colour reproductions and funeral marches, and is inclined towards anti-Semitism; 'its soul' is as 'art nouveau as a decoration on an orchestrion'. Although the word 'poně[ e c a r on] vadž[ zcar on] ' – an inconspicuous conjunction – perhaps does not seem so dangerous, Poláč[ car on] ek assures us that the ominous second side of the word can be felt by children and Jews (who have learned from studying the Scriptures to be sensitive to words) and should be felt by writers – for 'Words are living beings' (p. 392). In this feuilleton, then, language is given life; the personified word 'poně[ e c a r on] vadž[ zcar on] ' is revealed to be pedantic and to be in bad taste as well as concealing an inclination towards anti-Semitism, although it presents an elegant and exotic exterior; the writer is subtly called upon to feel this and to understand the hidden meanings of words. As Poláč[ car on] ek puts it, writers should have 'a lively sense of the second side of the word's existence' (p. 392). Thus the aesthetic act (of writing) becomes an ethical act as K


1. Two experiments with 52 lambs are described investigating the use of reconstituted cold milk for rearing lambs and comparing full cream dried milk with a milk substitute. 2. The use of cold milk resulted in high growth rates and few health problems. 3. Satisfactory food conversion efficiencies were obtained by feeding of cold reconstituted whole milk and cold milk substitute. 4. During the first 3 weeks of rearing, the growth rates and food conversion efficiencies on the milk substitute were similar to those obtained on the full cream milk.


In this paper,main task processing strategies of multi-tasking operating system RTX51 are discussed,with summary analysis of its internal kernel.On the basis of above results,a multi-task processing example is designed and implemented,which takes a MCU as core and includes common input and output components of intelligent instrument.The example can be easily transplanted into other applications,so it is of typical significance to the design of complicated multi-tasking system.


Evaluation of instruction rarely shows a clear superiority of one medium or method over another.2 This paper is an attempt to show that much of the reliable variance in student performance is attributable to the aptitude of the learner and the environment of learning, leaving only a small part to be accounted for by instructional variables and perhaps by interactions between the three factors. It is further argued, therefore, that models for research on instruction should provide for analyses of aptitude and environment and their interactions with instruction. One such model is proposed and tested on data from a national curriculum project. To the extent that results of such a model are replicated and generalized, evaluation studies will contribute to basic educational research and to the formulation of verifiable principles and theories of instruction. Such a step is desirable since it is nearly impossible 'to evaluate all the many new media and methods of instruction.


Virtual reality (VR) has proved to be a useful technology beyond the field of surgery in areas that are highly dependent on consolidating motor tasks. Despite being reliant on these skills, the uptake of VR in orthopaedics has been extremely limited. Therefore, this study's purpose was to help assess the utility of applying this technology in teaching different experience levels of orthopaedic training. Secondary objectives were to assess enjoyability and feasibility to complete modules prior to surgery.


Lately, significant work in the area of Intelligent Manufacturing has become public and mainly applied within the frame of industrial purposes. Special efforts have been made in the implementation of new technologies, management and control systems, among many others which have all evolved the field. Aware of all this and due to the scope of new projects and the need of turning the existing flexible ideas into more autonomous and intelligent ones, i.e.: Intelligent Manufacturing, the present paper emerges with the main aim of contributing to the design and analysis of the material flow in either systems, cells or work stations under this new "intelligent" denomination. For this, besides offering a conceptual basis in some of the key points to be taken into account and some general principles to consider in the design and analysis of the material flow, also some tips on how to define other possible alternative material flow scenarios and a classification of the states a system, cell or workstation are offered as well. All this is done with the intentions of relating it with the use of simulation tools, for which these have been briefly addressed with a special focus on the Witness simulation package. For a better comprehension, the previous elements are supported by a detailed layout, other figures and a few expressions which could help obtaining necessary data. Such data and others will be used in the future, when simulating the scenarios in the search of the best material flow configurations. Keywords—Flexible/Intelligent Manufacturing System/Cell (F/IMS/C), material flow/design/configuration (MF/D/C), workstation.


Abstract School socio-economic compositional (SEC) effects have been influential in educational research predicting a range of outcomes and influencing public policy. However, some recent studies have challenged the veracity of SEC effects when applying residualised-change and fixed effects models and simulating potential measurement errors in hierarchical regression models. We review the residualised change and fixed effects methods in critical studies and find limitations in their capacity to demonstrate null compositional effects. We show this with an adjusted residualised change model finding significant SEC effects. We show structural equation models can address concerns that measurement errors inflate SEC effects by comparing hierarchical regression models to structural equation models. We find that structural equation models can detect SEC effects free from measurement error. We conclude that the reviewed critiques of SEC effects were due to methods unlikely to detect compositional effects. Future research would benefit from the identification of mediators of SEC effects.


This paper aims to be an approximation to a virtually unknown photographer and painter, and at the same time draw a hitherto unpublished biographical sequence: Fr Pedro de Madrid-Pedro Satue-Foto Antsa. This versatile artist (Madrid, 1880-1936) began in the techniques of the pictorial and photographic language in the Capuchin College of Lekaroz (Navarra). There he revealed himself as a skilful copyist of Murillo and succeeded in the Photographic-Social Competition held in Pamplona in 1912 with his collection of Baztan Valley farm- houses. Once secularized, he recovers his civil name and develops his professional work in the Studio opened in Madrid in 1924, specializing in artistic portrait and collaborating with the most important magazines of the time.


To save money on maintenance and administrative costs, cloud computing aims to move high-end computer equipment to the internet and put it online. Both victims and attackers may reap the advantages of cloud computing. On the other side, attacks on cloud components might lead to massive losses for cloud service providers and users. Numerous cyber-attacks have been launched as a consequence of this readily available resource. One of the most significant hazards to communication networks and applications has long been DoS and DDoS attacks. Operations, availability, and security for companies are becoming a nightmare because of these attacks. Since cloud computing resources are scalable, these resources may be dynamically scaled to recognise the attack components and immediately withstand the attack. For this cyber-attack against cloud computing, fast exploitation of the attack data is necessary. This article addresses the majority of the previously published strategies for DDoS attack avoidance, early identification, and remediation.


Abstract : Investigations are in progress to determine the nature of the block in neuro-muscular transmission produced by depolarizing substances such as acetylcholine, which accumulates at the motor end-plate region in anticholinesterase intoxication. The study of the mechanism of block produced by anticholinesterase agent has been modified so that anticholinesterase drug is administered in vivo and studies are made of serum and muscle electrolytes, neuromuscular transmission, muscle membr ne potential, and end-plate potential. If insignificant changes in serum electrolyte concentration occur, radio-sodium and radio-potassium will be used to determine the efflux rate by the pre-loading technique. Another investigation currently under way is the converse of t lerance to anticholinesterase drugs and depolarization, namely, increase susceptibility to the action of depolarizing substances.


High social interest persons and runners reported significantly higher life adjustment scores than did low social interest persons and nonrunners. The interaction effect, however, was not significant.


This paper presents a methodology for estimating the energy losses due to theft and fraud in electrical distribution systems, which are known as non-technical losses caused by third parties in relation to the activities of the electrical utility. The rates of these losses are obtained by measuring certain variables in electrified randomly selected. Mathematical models for theft and fraud are obtained by means of a multiple linear regression models to develop strategies with a high degree of certainty to control and mitigate these energy losses. A real distribution system is analyzed, the system includes 10 distribution zones, 1,476,564 clients in low voltages and 53,703 electrified sectors.


The title compound, C20H23NO, was synthesized by the reaction of dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepta-1,4,6-trien-5-one and dimethylaminopropylmagnesium. Intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding causes the formation of a non-planar seven-membered ring. The benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 51.37 (3)°.


We describe randomized parallel algorithms for solving several important graph problems such as finding biconnected components, ear decomposition, st-numbering, strong orientation, and Euler tour of a graph with n vertices and m edges. These algorithms run in O(logn) time using O(n+m) operations with high probability on the Priority CRCW PRAM. Our solutions are based on a technique that, given a list of edges in a spanning tree, optimally constructs an Euler tour of the tree.


In this paper, time-dependent deflections, stresses and internal forces in prestressed concrete box-girder bridges due to creep of concrete are investigated. Simple equations, correlated with a step-by-step numerical simulation analysis, are developed to calculate long-term behavior of segmentally erected prestressed concrete box-girder bridges built by the balanced-cantilever method. Three-dimensional finite-element models of the mentioned bridges, including effects of the load history, material nonlinearity, creep and aging of concrete, were developed using ABAQUS software. The three-dimensional shell elements are used for modeling box-girder walls, while Rebar elements are used for modeling prestressing tendons. The step-by-step procedure allows the simulation of the construction stages, effects of time-dependent deformations of materials and changes in the bridges' structural system. Different examples of bridges, built by the balanced-cantilever method, are studied over a 30-year duration. Practical ...


W a l t e r P. Blount (Fig 1) was born in Oak Park, IL. His father was a high school teacher in Chicago. It is not surprising that Blount studied medicine because his grandfather was a surgeon during the Civil War and his mother was a practicing physician in Oak Park. Blount's mother was active in the American Medical Association and became President of the Women's National Medical Association. Blount's sister also studied medicine and practiced pediatrics in Chicago.


The results of research a new biological regulator growth of plant stimmunol EF on soy in is given. Discusses the effects of multifunctional action stimulator for different regulations applying: self-sufficively preseeding processing of seeds and together with a fungicide scarlet at half the rate of expenditure; spraying of plants in phases 2-3 trifoliate leaves, flower buds, the beginning of formation of beans, independently and in the mixture with a fungicide fundasole in reduced the rate of expenditure. The most efficient and technological regularity of application of the preparation is to use it in the phase of 2-3 trifoliate leaves at a rate of 50 ml/ha in the process of herbicides.


BACKGROUND
Rb1 is a ginsenoside steroid glycoside found exclusively in the plant Panax ginseng. In an earlier report, we showed that Rb1 increased cell proliferation and reduced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) secretion by human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE19) cells.

OBJECTIVE
In the present study, we hypothesized that chemical modification of Rb1 changes the level of VEGF secretion by ARPE19 cells.

METHOD
Three derivatives of Rb1 were chemically synthesized by hydrogenation (Rb1-H2), acetylation (Rb1-Acyl), and epoxidation (Rb1-Epoxy). Structural modifications were confirmed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra and Mass Spectrometry (MS). To test the biological activity, chemically modified compounds were added to cell culture media and incubated for 72 hours at a concentration of 250 nM at 37°C. Conditioned media were collected and cells were harvested/ counted after treatment. Viable cell numbers were determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion method and VEGF levels by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA).

RESULTS
Consistent with the prior report, results of the present study show Rb1 increased cell proliferation and decreased VEGF secretion. Similar to Rb1's effect on cell proliferation, treatment with Rb1-H2, Rb1-Acyl and Rb1-Epoxy resulted in an increase in cell numbers. In contrast to Rb1- induced decrease in VEGF secretion, treatment with Rb1-H2, Rb-Acyl and Rb1-Epoxy resulted in increased VEGF levels.

CONCLUSION
Chemical modifications of the ginsenoside Rb1 significantly affect the biological activity of VEGF secretion by ARPE19 cells. Additional SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) experiments will be conducted to study the detailed mechanisms by which how specific modifications of Rb1 functional groups alter biological activities.


Bob Ellickson's work is so wide-ranging, thought-provoking, and important that doing it justice here is an impossibility - so I will admit defeat on that score at the outset. Instead, I want to focus on one recurring theme that runs through much of his scholarship and that has been especially important to my own thinking about property: that scale matters. Ellickson cashes out this idea in many rich and interesting ways, but I will use three broad propositions that emerge from his work as a way of organizing my remarks. First, that the scale at which activities and events unfold should drive choices among property arrangements. Second, that the institutions for managing property should be scaled to fit the relevant action. Third, that scale should factor into our normative evaluations of the societal impacts of various institutional and property arrangements. I. SCALING PROPERTY REGIMES Ellickson's 1993 article, Property in Land,1 is a masterful theoretical treatment of the problem of scale as it relates to property ownership arrangements. One of its central insights is that stmcturing access to property, through the positioning of boundaries or otherwise, is not a zero-sum game.2 Resource users can collectively achieve gains by appropriately configuring property arrangements - whether as individual owners working small parcels, households on somewhat larger tracts, small groups on tiny limited-access commons, or much larger groups sharing common fields.3 The trick is to scale land holdings so that the most valuable activities can be pursued most efficiently. Following Harold Demsetz, Ellickson explains that individuallyowned parcels do a good job of containing both the positive and negative impacts of "small events" such as the cultivation of tomato plants, and thus successfully align the parcel owner's incentives for such events.4 Individual parcel ownership also works comparatively well in addressing a "medium event" like building a dam across a stream, given the relative ease of bargaining with an affected neighbor or two, and the relative difficulty of getting a larger group to agree to anything.5 But Ellickson does not uncritically conclude that individual parcel ownership is always best. Instead, he considers how changes in returns to scale could alter the picture. Growing individual tomato plants may not require much land, but there are economies of scale for some land uses, such as grazing.6 Bigger parcels also economize on fencing,7 but introduce new governance challenges within the fence.8 Whether moving the fence outward is worth it depends in part on whether coordination across large areas will be required to use the land optimally - if so, then it may be easier to coordinate with co-owners inside an expanded fence than to strike bargains with a multiplicity of separate parcel holders.9 In making these tradeoffs, Ellickson explains, we want to know not only about economies of scale in production, but also about the prevalence of "large events" (he gives the example of a "smoky fire") that are likely to affect many parcels simultaneously.10 In Ellickson's recent work on the household, he shows that similar scale considerations emerge in choosing the number of people with whom to share a dwelling.11 There are economies of scale in sharing amenities like space, shelter, heat, and meals, but diseconomies with respect to privacy, control over one's environment, and pursuit of preferred activities.12 If the household is mostly about fostering intimate relationships and personal expression and less about efficiently producing and consuming heat and food, the choice will be made differently than if the priorities are flipped - and changes in social and economic conditions could alter the equation.13 A foundational challenge, of course, is that multiple activities with varying efficient scales are often pursued simultaneously or sequentially on particular property holdings.14 As Ellickson observes, there are a variety of strategies available to contend with this problem, none of them costless. …


Outside major urban centers, LGBTQ patients often travel hours to find trusted clinicians. One Iowa clinic has created a safe space just down the road.


Optimal water allocation may be considered a valuable solution to increase the productivity of water resources in arid and semi‐arid areas. To achieve this purpose, the main resources of water consumption in the Baghmalek Plain (Khuzestan Province) from October 2014 to September 2015 and the groundwater table for 12 years (2002–2014) were simulated. Multi‐objective optimization of the cropping pattern and groundwater simulation model have been programmed to generate a decision system in agricultural water management. Groundwater flow was simulated to address optimal discharge scenarios based on a finite difference numerical approach using MODFLOW software. The study years were divided into 48 seasonal stress periods and coefficients of hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and recharge were calibrated (36 periods) and verified (12 periods). The results showed that the flow model had an acceptable simulation accuracy by variance of 2.9 and 3.84 in the calibration and verification processes, respectively. Furthermore, precipitation is the main source of water supplying the cropping pattern, especially in the water‐deficit scenario when total water demand is not fully satisfied. © 2020 International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage


The pump-turbine impeller is the key component of pumped storage power plant. Current design methods of pump-turbine impeller are private and protected from public viewing. Generally, the design proceeds in two steps: the initial hydraulic design and optimization design to achieve a balanced performance between pump mode and turbine mode. In this study, the 3D inverse design method is used for the initial hydraulic impeller design. However, due to the special demand of high performance in both pump and reverse mode, the design method is insufficient. This study is carried out by modifying the geometrical parameters of the blade which have great influence and need special consideration in obtaining the high performance on the both modes, such as blade shape type at low pressure side (inlet of pump mode, outlet of turbine mode) and the blade lean at blade high pressure side (outlet of pump mode, inlet of turbine mode). The influence of the geometrical parameters on the performance characteristic is evaluated by CFD analysis which presents the efficiency and internal flow results. After these investigations of the geometrical parameters, the criteria of designing pump-turbine impeller blade low and high sides shape is achieved.


Energy efficiency is a measure of performance in wireless networks. Therefore, controlling the transmitter power at a given node increases not only the operating life of the battery but also the overall system capacity by successfully admitting new nodes between a source and a destination. It is essential to find effective means of power control of point-to-point, broadcasting and multicasting scenarios. In past work A. T. Chronopoulos et al. (2002), we presented a new scheme state space-based control design (SSCD) using both the state space and optimal control methodology in discrete-time for power control in wireless systems. Further, we proved the convergence of the overall network with our algorithm using Lyapunov stability analysis. We made a comparison with a well known distributed power control (DPC) scheme. Here we present simulation results and comparisons for point-to-point communication with random node placement. We also combined the schemes SSCD and DPC with a tree based broadcast algorithm BIP to obtain broadcast tree in ad-hoc networks with power control. We show the effectiveness of the new algorithm through simulations.


In cellular communications the transfer of calls, or handoff, between the base stations, and efficient use of resources, or channel allocation schemes are essential features. The capabilities of Petri nets (PN) are used as a novel approach in the analysis of handoff and dynamic channel allocation (DCA) problems. The generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) models are obtained and analyzed as continuous time Markov chains derived from the reachability trees. Solution of the Markov chain results in performance indicators which show the impacts of different algorithms on the system behavior.


Skilled and experienced staff, good forward planning, realistic budgeting and a focus on collecting the income that is due all contribute to an efficient and effective service delivery unit.


Sulfuric/boric mixed acid anodizing has been proposed as a replacement for chromic acid anodizing for certain aircraft components. The present paper investigates the effects of additions of boric acid to sulfuric acid on the current density-time response, morphology and growth rate of porous anodic films formed under conditions recommended for industrial processing. Further, the chemical dissolution rate of the film material was determined from the rate of thinning of the barrier regions of the porous films during immersion in the electrolytes. Scrutiny of the anodic films revealed no significant differences in the film morphology, including steady pore diameter, pore population density, barrier layer thickness, and growth and dissolution rates between films formed in the sulfuric acid and in the mixed acids. Further, the pitting behaviors of the filmed substrates in 3.5 wt\% sodium chloride solution were similar for films produced in the two types of electrolyte. ?? 2013 The Electrochemical Society.


Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance of clinical isolated pathogens so as to provide scientific basis for the correct diagnosis and rational use of antibiotics.Methods The isolation of pathogens was performed according to the National Clinical Laboratory Procedures.The identification and drug susceptibility of clinical isolates was carried out using the VITEK2 Compact system,and the results were determined based on the interpretation of CLSI 2012 break point.Results A total of 6 018 strains of pathogens were isolated from 20 319 specimens,among which Acinetobacter baumannii(19.14%),Escherichia coli(15.84%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(14.57%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.29%),Staphylococcus aureus(5.62%)were the first five most common pathogens.The bacteria were mainly isolated from sputum(47.02%),other fluids(22.04%),blood(20.50%),urine(8.24%) and stool(2.20%).The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were 34.91%,77.18% and 85.71%,respectively.No strains of vancomycin-,linezolid-and tigecycline-resistant Staphylococci,Enterococcus faeciumand Enterococcus faecalis were detected.The detection rates of the Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca producing extendedβ-lactamases(ESBLs)were 60.76%,29.53% and 40.63%,respectively.Enterobacteriaceae remained at a high sensitivity to carbapenems,though imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have occurred. The non-fermenting bacteria were highly resistant to carbapenems.The imipenem-sensitive rates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 35.42% and 59.52%,respectively.Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus were the five most common pathogens.Bacterial resistance situation is still serious and more effective measures should be taken to control it.


We study certain polynomials Pm (x, y; t) and Qm (x, y; t) of the variable t whose coefficients involve bivariate Fibonacci polynomialsFj (x, y) or bivariate Lucas polynomials Lj (x, y). By working with Pm (x, y; tx) and Qm (x, y; tx), together with the generating functions for Bernoulli polynomials Bi (t) and Euler polynomials Ei (t), we obtain a list of eight identities connecting Fj (x, y) or Lj (x, y) with Bi (t) or Ei (t). We present also some consequences of these results.


Abstract : The transition metal carbides possess a combination of some of the highest melting points, hardness values and mechanical strengths of any known materials. The contemporary interest in these materials in structural and cladding applications at temperatures where most materials would be molten or would seriously degrade made it imperative that the high temperature diffusion and deformation processes and their relationship to each other be understood. Thus, the principal thrusts of this ARO-sponsored program have been the conduct of self-diffusion studies of 14C and 95Nb in single crystals of NbC0.868 NbC0.834 and NbC0.766 and constant stress compressive creep research on the same materials. Extensive characterization of these materials has also been performed.


Short range low power 6th Generation (6G) wireless subnetworks can support life critical services like engine and break control in intra-vehicle scenarios, or intra-body heart-rate control. Such services may target communication cycles below 0.1 ms and a wired-like reliability, translating to a multi-GHz spectrum demand in case of dense deployments (e.g., up to 40000 subnetworks per km2). We foresee the possibility for 6G subnetworks to operate as an underlay system in the below 30 GHz spectrum given its advantageous propagation condition and its limited effective utilization. 6G subnetworks should be equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities for healthy mutual coexistence, as well as for coexistence with other systems active in the same bands.


This experiment was designed to study the allelopathic effect of durum wheat (Triticum durum) variety Cymmit, Barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety Acsad 14 and Oat (Avena sativa) variety Narimski on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Aras in mixed culture using Equal Agar Compartment Method as a new procedure to exclude any competition effect. Results indicated the significant effect of root exudates of the three studies crop plants that affect the elongation and dry weight of Bread wheat variety Aras seedlings when compared to pure stand culture in such a way that durum wheat caused lowest radicle length while Oat crop root exudates minimized all recorded data. It was obvious that allelochemicals from studied crop seedlings root exudates caused the reduction in the recorded data of bread wheat seedlings under no-competition and no-nutrient environment that was created in the Equal Agar Compartment Method. زبخلا ةطنح يف ليصاحملا تاتابن ضعبل ةيثابوميللاا ةردقلا (Triticum aestivum L) ةقيرط مادختساب راجلاا ةرجح ءىفاكتملا


This is the Intensive biological survey of the Glaze Brook catchment May 1981 report produced by the North West Water Authority in 1981. The aim of this report is to identify those pollution problems not identified during the routine biological water quality surveys, and to check the suitability of the routine biological sampling point. This report looks at an intensive biological water quality survey of the Glaze Brook catchment which was carried out by Biol. (S) on 13th-15th May, 1981. Kick samples of invertebrates were taken at 5 sites and all invertebrates were identified and counted in the field. The most significant water quality observations in the report were from: Borsdane brook, Pennington brook, Glaze brook, Amberswood brook, Cunningham brook, Old Mill brook, Shakerley brook, Astley brook and Shaw brook.


The resource binding problem is defined as the problem of recognizing similarities between constructs used in a source program and constructs of a target virtual machine, and the problem of binding these source constructs to the appropriate target constructs. This dissertation describes a machine independent solution of the resource binding problem, a high level language incorporating this solution, the implementation of this language, and experiments conducted with the language. The Virtual Machine Resource Binding Language (MARBLE), is one of many possible languages that can solve the resource binding problem. The implementation of MARBLE described in this dissertation is designed for the class of microprogrammable architectures. Other architectures can serve as the target of other implementations of resource binding languages.
The solution to the resource binding problem described in this dissertation consists of modelling target virtual machine resources by machine independent source language constructs. In MARBLE target data resources are modelled by type definitions, and target functional resources are modelled by procedure and function definitions. These models can be bound to the appropriate target resource through the use of a source language construct. Models must be constructed from machine independent language components, therefore if a model is left unbound, it is still a legal sequence of machine independent MARBLE code. Therefore all MARBLE programs are machine independent.
MARBLE is a Pascal-based language. It was designed to be high level, and to support systematic programming.
The MARBLE compiler was designed in four phases. The first phase performed lexical, syntactic, and semantic analyses on the source MARBLE program, and translated the MARBLE program into a High Level Intermediate Language, IL1. The second phase of the MARBLE compiler translated those parts of the IL1 program that were to be bound to target constructs into Low Level Intermediate Language code, which resembled the target microcode. The third phase of the compiler translated the unbound portion of the IL1 program into code for an Intermediate Language, IML. The fourth phase of the compiler translates the IML code into code for the target machine and merges this code with the code produced from the bound parts of the MARBLE program.
In order to test this solution to the resource binding problem two MARBLE programs were written and compiled. The first was a program for the Prime 300 computer, which was compiled into microcode for the Microdata 3200. The successful compilation of this program, which used specific Prime 300 target data and functional resources, demonstrated that MARBLE programs are portable. The second program, for the Microdata 3200, was compiled with models of target resouces bound to the resources, and with the models unbound. When the models were unbound, they compiled into a subset of Microdata 3200 resources that could implement the semantics of MARBLE. A comparison of the code produced by these compilations indicates that the microcode produced with binding on was 30% of the size of the microcode produced with binding off. No optimization or compaction was done on this code. These results, and the implementation of the MARBLE compiler, indicate that resource binding through modelling is a valid solution of the resource binding problem.


The structure of the fluidized bed based on powder feeder and its principle were described.The control system of powder feeder for laser remanufacturing was designed based on PIC MCU,in which the electric proportional valve was used as the control unit to drive the powder feeding rate,so precise control could be achieved.The controller was composed by the circuits based on PIC MCU,which had the advantages such as small size and easy operation.The control scheme was PID contro1.The experimental result proves that this system has high precision,stability and application value in laser remanufacturing field.


Abstract  Background and Aim of the Study: The influence of prosthesis‐patient mismatch on long‐term results after aortic valve replacement remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prosthesis‐patient mismatch on survival and the extent of left ventricular mass regression after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 146 patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis between 1990 and 2005. Prosthesis‐patient mismatch was defined as an effective orifice area/body surface area ≤0.85 cm2/m2. Mean follow‐up was 4.5 ± 3.3 years, with a total follow‐up of 650.0 patient‐years. In 108 patients, follow‐up echocardiography was performed at least 6 months after surgery, and the extent of postoperative left ventricular mass regression was analyzed according to the presence of prosthesis‐patient mismatch. Results: Ten years after surgery, there was no significant difference between patients with mismatch and those without mismatch in overall survival (p = 0.345), actuarial freedom from cardiac‐related death (p = 0.576), and freedom from any valve‐related mortality or morbidity (p = 0.614). Using multivariate analysis, PPM was not a predictor of late cardiac‐related death or all deaths. Echocardiographic examination showed that left ventricular wall thickness and left ventricular mass was significantly decreased postoperatively in both groups. However, the absolute and relative left ventricular mass regression was significantly lower in patients with mismatch than in those without mismatch. Conclusions: This study showed no negative effects of prosthesis‐patient mismatch on survival at 10 years after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. However, the extent of left ventricular mass regression was significantly lower in patients with mismatch.


Mueller et al., "Ultra-High Efficiency Power Conversion Using Cryogenic MOSFETs and HT-Superconductors," pp. 772-778, 1993. Okamoto et al., "Basic studies on application of supercon ducting magnetic energy storage to wind electric conversion system." Transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engi neers of Japan, 1993, PartB vol. 113-B, No. 7, pp. 760–767 (abstract attached) (copy of translation attached). USOO5726873A


Polyimides have a number of properties that make them highly desirable materials for use on structures that are exposed to extreme conditions. They are strong, fire resistant, minimally outgasing, stable over a large temperature range, resistant to chemical attack, transparent to infrared and microwaves, and have a low density. One polyimide, solimide, commercially available as a foam, retains resiliency from -300°F to +500°F, is highly flame retardant, and decomposes with virtually no smoke or toxic byproduct formation. The density of this product is such that its use in place of fiberglass in the lower lobe of a 747 saves 400 lb. Shipboard applications have resulted in literally tons of weight reduction.


Joseph G. Jorgensen and Marcello Truzzi, eds. Anthropology and American Life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1974. xi + 522 pp. Tables and bibliography. $6.95 (paper).


Trombe wall is a building envelope technology that mainly used for passive heating or cooling. Its performance depends greatly on weather condition such as solar irradiation and outdoor air temperature. The heat collected during daytime could be stored in thermal mass wall before transmitted gradually later at night. Assessment of Trombe wall utilization has not been gaining many attention due to potential of overheating occurrence in the afternoon. Bandung City with cooler environment than other cities in Indonesia is chosen as the area to conduct CFD simulation and thermal performance evaluation regarding the temperature and heat gain. Configuration of varied thickness is selected as the primary parameter in which indoor temperatures are being monitored. Simulation results of Trombe models give a consistently higher temperature than conventional wall. As the wall gets thicker, indoor air temperature decreases. The results also show the overheating phenomenon on hot days so that a model of vented Trombe ...


A recent development in oscillatory baffled reactor technology is down-scaling the reactor, so that it can be used for production of small-scale bioproduct. In the present study, a mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactor (MOBR) with central baffle system was developed. The reactor performance of the MOBR was compared with conventional stirred tank reactor (STR) to evaluate the performance of bioethanol fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Evaluation was made at similar power density of 24.21, 57.38, 112.35 and 193.67 Wm-3 by varying frequency (f), amplitude (xo) and agitation speed (rpm). It was found that the MOBR improved the mixing intensity resulted in lower glucose concentration (0.988 gL-1) and higher bioethanol concentration (38.98 gL-1) after 12 hours fermentation at power density of 193.67 Wm-3. Based on the results, the bioethanol yield obtained using MOBR was 39% higher than the maximum achieved in STR. Bioethanol production using MOBR proved to be feasible as it is not only able to compete with conventional STR but also offers advantages of straight-forward scale-up, whereas it is complicated and difficult in STR. Overall, MOBR offers great prospective over the conventional STR.


This paper,from the angle of music philology,with Russian musician group music works for example clues,interpreted the contributions of Russian artists to the world music culture.Then,more confirmed the Russian culture and musician in the world status and influence,thus on Russia's music culture have a whole new understanding.


We consider the solution of least squares problems min ||b − Ax||2 by the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method, for m × n complex Toeplitz matricesA of rankn. A circulant preconditioner C is derived using the T. Chan optimal preconditioner forn × n matrices using the displacement representation of A∗A. This allows the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to be used throughout the computations, for high numerical efficiency. Of course A∗A need never be formed explicitly. Displacement–based preconditioners have also been shown to be very effective in linear estimation and adaptive filtering. For Toeplitz matrices A that are generated by2π-periodic continuous complex-valued functions without any zeros, we prove that the singular values of the preconditioned matrix AC−1 are clustered around 1, for sufficiently largen. We show that if the condition number of A is of O(n), α > 0, then the least squares conjugate gradient method converges in at mostO(α logn+1) steps. Since each iteration requires only O(m log n) operations using the FFT, it follows that the total complexity of the algorithm is then only O(αm log n + m logn). Conditions forsuperlinear convergence are given and numerical examples are provided illustrating the effectiveness of our methods.


Background: The Arabian Gulf University is a coeducational Islamic institution in the Kingdom of Bahrain sponsored by the Gulf Cooperative Council. The College of Medicine follows a problem-based curriculum in which science is integrated with professional skills and a community-health programme, comprising of maternal and child health, family studies, and population-health research. The family-studies programme requires all third-year students to complete a wide series of activities under family-physician supervision. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the performance of the programme with specific regard to students' family-health advocacy roles. Method: A trained community-health nurse administered a semistructured questionnaire based on family empowerment to 30 families. Themes included health-knowledge gains, positive changes in lifestyle and communication practices, and accessing community resources. Results: All families reported a gain in relevant health knowledge, and a number of families reported positive changes in lifestyle. Conclusions: Students proved to be valuable advocates for families in this programme. Their principal role lay in the uncovering of psychosocial distress, but they were able also to offer practical help in lifestyle behaviour changes, communication, and community-resource use. Practice points Agreement exists that using the community for real-life contextual learning is useful. Learning in the community is a reciprocal process, with the student, patient, and patient's family all benefiting from the experience. Patients seem comfortable with students being involved in the management of disease. Patients often present medical material in greater detail to the student than to the attending physician, which both empowers and challenges the student. Faculty must recognise the positive effects of this learning on the students' status and the potential harm that can occur to the unsuspecting student, and be ready to respond to this new challenge.


Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and other laboratory molecular tests to determine if a person presenting in the community or in secondary care has SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of each rapid PCR and antigen test to determine if a person presenting in the community or in secondary care has SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of each antibody test to determine if a person presenting in the community or in secondary care has SARS-CoV-2 infection, or has previously had SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of signs and symptoms to determine if a person presenting in the community, general practice, or at the emergency department has SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 pneumonia, or severe COVID-19 pneumonia/ARDS requiring hospital admission. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of routine laboratory testing to determine if a person has COVID-19 pneumonia or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary objectives Where data are available, for reviews #1 to #5, we will investigate the accuracy (either by stratified analysis or meta-regression) according to: laboratory method, days of symptoms, severity of symptoms, reference standard, sample type, study design, setting; test brand and version, days of symptoms, severity of symptoms, reference standard, sample type, study design, setting; current infection or past infection, test brand and version, days of symptoms or days since symptoms resolved, reference standard, study design, setting; days of symptoms, reference standard, study design, setting; specific measurement or biomarker, days of symptoms, severity of symptoms, reference standard, sample type, study design, setting.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of mortise angle and fibular length measured in radiologic findings in predicting the ankle stability. Materials and Methods: One hundred cases fifty cases were randomly selected volunteers with normal ankle function and the other fifty cases were randomly selected patients whose ankle were treated in our hospital and who were followed for over 1 years with good results. A specific experimental fixture were made to get the even AP and lateral view and objective stress view. Results: The mortise angle and fibular length was not statistically significant to the degree of talar tilt angle under valgus or varus stress and that of displacement under anterior or posterior stress. Conclusion: The mortise angle and fibular length was not the objective predicting factors on the ankle stability. Maintenance of constrained talus in dynamic status is most important factors in determining the ankle stability.


Principals in religiously affiliated schools are called to lead their schools in ways that are grounded in a set of core beliefs and values. This study examines the challenges of leading toward a community of faith grounded in the spirit of major constituencies when one is under-prepared for such leadership. A national sample of lay Catholic high-school principals was queried in order to investigate their reflections on preparedness to be faith leaders of their schools. The strategies they reveal are applicable to private-school principals and to the formal educational programs that prepare them to be faith leaders.


The authors have proposed a new process termed as transfer hydrocracking of heavy oils. This paper investigates temperature programmed dehydrogenation of asphaltene (on a silica-alumina catlyst) that occurs during this process. A reaction model of the studied system is proposed.


Black, Stephen M., R. Scott Heidersbach, D. Michael McMullan, Janine M. Bekker, Michael J. Johengen, and Jeffrey R. Fineman. Inhaled nitric oxide inhibits NOS activity in lambs: potential mechanism for rebound pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H1849–H1856, 1999.—Life-threatening increases in pulmonary vascular resistance have been noted on acute withdrawal of inhaled nitric oxide (NO), although the mechanisms remain unknown. In vitro data suggest that exogenous NO exposure inhibits endothelial NO synthase (NOS) activity. Thus the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of inhaled NO therapy and its acute withdrawal on endogenous NOS activity and gene expression in vivo in the intact lamb. Six 1-mo-old lambs were mechanically ventilated and instrumented to measure vascular pressures and left pulmonary blood flow. Inhaled NO (40 ppm) acutely decreased left pulmonary vascular resistance by 27.5 6 4.7% (P , 0.05). This was associated with a 207% increase in plasma cGMP concentrations (P , 0.05). After 6 h of inhaled NO, NOS activity was reduced to 44.3 6 5.9% of pre-NO values (P , 0.05). After acute withdrawal of NO, pulmonary vascular resistance increased by 52.1 6 11.6% (P , 0.05) and cGMP concentrations decreased. Both returned to pre-NO values within 60 min. One hour after NO withdrawal, NOS activity increased by 48.4 6 19.1% to 70% of pre-NO values (P , 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that endothelial NOS protein levels remained unchanged throughout the study period. These data suggest a role for decreased endogenous NOS activity in the rebound pulmonary hypertension noted after acute withdrawal of inhaled NO.


Previous research supports the notion that children with early‐treated classical phenylketonuria (PKU) have specific cognitive deficits in executive function skills. These deficits may relate to depressed levels of dopamine, due to defective tyrosine synthesis. We investigated whether deficits reported for preschoolers with early‐treated PKU are manifested also among school‐age children with PKU, and whether cognitive performance among the latter group is related to phenylalanine level at time of testing. Seventeen children with PKU and 17 age‐, sex‐, and IQ‐matched controls were tested individually on measures of executive functions. The results demonstrate that executive function deficits reported for preschoolers with PKU were not manifested in the school‐age PKU children included in this study. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for theories of the development of executive function skills.


We introduce a novel algorithm for image segmentation by revisiting a traditional method, the watershed algorithm, and introducing a hypothesis testing framework to solve the problem of oversegmentation. The hypothesis tests are used to determine whether or not to split a region or merge two neighboring regions. We also introduce a new nonlinear filter which appears to be useful for image segmentation. We show that our methods achieve comparable and even superior performance to many established methods for image segmentation, such as normalized cuts.


This article discusses key topics related to hybrid and online teaching. An overview is provided followed by a discussion of programs and online opportunities for success. The relationship of online and hybrid course delivery in the content and STEM fields is presented, followed by implications and recommendations for future research. Critical issues for English Language Learners and educators is explored, including strategies for aligning course content and online platforms.


Congestion control is a high priority and critical issue in today's networks. End-to-end congestion control mechanisms such as those in TCP are not enough to prevent congestion control and they must be supplemented by control mechanisms inside the network. In this paper we present a fuzzy logic approach for congestion control in TCP/IP networks. The proposed approach consists of three major parts: the Fuzzy Aggressive RTO Estimator (FARE), the Fuzzy Active Queue Management (Fuzzy AQM) and the Fuzzy Type 2 Scheduler. The FARE proposes an optimization of current RTO (retransmission TimeOut) estimation algorithm. By adding a detection mechanism for bad timeouts and undoing their side effects we are willing to have an aggressive estimator. By using a fuzzy system to adapt the K parameter of RTO estimation formula to network internal state, we try to answer the following questions: how much and when should our estimator act aggressively? On the other hand, the Fuzzy AQM computes the packet drop probability according to preconfigured fuzzy logic using the instantaneous queue length and number of packets dropped in a period of time as input variables. The Fuzzy Type 2 Scheduler uses the benefits of fuzzy type 2 controllers to adjust the service rate of the output buffers in the network routers. Our goal is to improve system performance and resource utilization in congested networks by a simple method. The simulation results with different web-like and FTP traffic show the superiority of TCP using FARE and Fuzzy AQM over a normal TCP. Furthermore it has been shown that the proposed Fuzzy Type 2 Scheduler has better performance than the traditional Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduler.


Dedication I dedicate this work to my family. v Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Davis and Dr. Bostick for their enthusiasm for my research. They generously supported me in pursuing my academic goals on a part-time basis for so many years. I would like to thank Dr. Geiger from Iowa State University, who is a member of my dissertation committee and who was a significant contributor to my research. I appreciate all of the time and effort that he provided in guiding me through this experience. Peter Linden and Dong Wong from Silvaco donated their IC development tools and resources to complete this dissertation. Their response and dedication in supporting me through this project is greatly appreciated. I would like to give them special thanks. A CMOS voltage reference architecture is shown that operates at a power supply that is equal to two threshold voltages. The circuit designed includes no more than two devices stacked between dd V and ss V , thus allowing for the circuit to scale with device sizing (technology). The circuit is demonstrated in a µ 18. 0 and µ 09. 0 process that operates at a power supply voltage of 0.9V and 0.4V, respectfully. The dissertation discusses the motivation behind scaling the MOSFET transistor and the challenges that scaling introduces to analog circuit design in general. The voltage reference is a basic building block for most analog circuits, and therefore must be able to scale with technology. The temperature characteristics of silicon and MOSFET devices are discussed in order to develop analog circuits that demonstrate specific and controlled temperature characteristics. By describing the temperature characteristics of these devices with polynomials, the Method of Least Squares may be used to determine gain coefficients that give an optimum temperature independent voltage reference.


In this report we shall present case studies of different data type specifications for natural numbers, for integers, for finite lists, for finite lists with an additional error element, for finite sets, for binary words, for commutative trees, and for arrays. Furthermore, this report contains a collection of constructive function and predicate specifications, whose recursion orderings are shown to be well-founded.


Based on the qualitative analysis about the uncertainty relation,the paper went deep into the Heisenberg uncertainty relation step by step.At the same time,the paper pointed out the root cause leading to the uncertainty relation.At last,the uncertainty relation was deduced by the infinite deep well in one dimension.


In the first year of their war with Russia, the underdog Japanese scored victory after victory over their formidable enemy. The military phase of the war had come to an end and the battle was fought amongst the diplomats who convened in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, at the invitation of the U.S. president, Theodore Roosevelt in August 1905. Matters were also changing in Tokyo as Prime Minister Katsura Taro and Foreign Minister Komura Jutaro, both of whom had initially opposed a diplomatic settlement, began to favor a more pacific course as well. At the international level, U.S.-Japan relations were in relative harmony. Both nations were determined to collaborate in Asia by preserving their respective national interests and maintaining regional stability. American policies in Manchuria, Taft's Dollar Diplomacy to be precise, did momentarily become a sore point in U.S.-Japan relations. Keywords: Komura Jutaro; Manchuria; Portsmouth; Russia; Theodore Roosevelt; U.S.-Japan relations


Studying the stellar mass, age, luminosity, star-formation rate, and impact parameter of quasar absorber host galaxies can aid in the understanding of galaxy formation and evolution as well as in testing their models. We derive the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) and impact parameter limits of low redshift ($z_{abs} = 0.37 - 0.55$) Mg II absorbers and of higher redshift ($z_{abs} = 1.0 - 2.5$) 2175 \AA\ dust absorbers (2DAs). We use an imaging stacking technique to statistically boost the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to increase detection of the absorber host galaxies. The point spread function of the background quasar is modeled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This method efficiently reduces the uncertainty of traditional PSF modeling. Our SED for Mg II absorbers indicates that low redshift Mg II absorber host galaxies are likely star-forming galaxies transitioning into red quiescent galaxies, with a low star formation rate of 2.2 $M_\odot$ $yr^{-1}$. From the stacked images and simulations, we show that the average impact parameter of 2DAs is > 5 times smaller than that of Mg II absorbers, at < 7 kpc instead of Mg II absorbers' 48 kpc, indicating that 2DAs are likely associated with disk components of high redshift galaxies. This means that 2DAs are likely good probes to study precursors to the Milky Way.


which the use of opium is temporarily authorized. This decline, which is accompanied by a drop in the price of raw opium, is due in part to the economic depression, and also to the tightening up of the national and internat:onal control of drugs. The consequence is that production greatly exceeds demand, and the accumulation of large stocks is reported. In outlining the work of the Permanent Central Opium Board for 1932, Mr. O'Kelly said that a comparison of the figures for that year with those for 1929-the first year for which the Board received stat.stics-showed that during that period the manufacture of drugs had declined by 31 per cent. in the case of morphine, 29 per cent. in the case of heroin, and 58 per cent. in the case of cocaine. The stocks of morphine in the manufacturing countries at the end of 1932 were about the same as those at the end of 1929, while the heroin and cocaine stocks were respectively 32 per cent. and 85 per cent. of those of the earlier year. Exports from manufacturing countries for 1932 represent a decrease of 25 per cent. for morphine, 34 per cent. for heroin, and 56 per cent. for cocaine as compared with 1929. The great improvement in the situation is regarded as due mainly to the application of the Geneva convention of 1925, and the spirit of co-operation by countries which have applied the convention without being bound to do so.


The invention relates to a method for hoisting a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor by taking a gantry crane as a main crane and achieving tail lifting through a single gantry, and belongs to the installation field of chemical production equipment. The method includes the following steps that (1) the head of a barrel of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor is lifted through hydraulic lifters of the main crane step by step, the tail lifting gantry follows main lifting actions cooperatively, and then the tail of the barrel of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor is lifted and conveyed forwards; (2) in the sliding process of the barrel of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, the ascending speeds of the two sets of hydraulic lifters of the main crane are controlled to keep consistent; and (3) along with continuous lifting actions of the hydraulic lifters of the main crane, continuously forward lifting and conveying are conducted through the tail lifting gantry. According to the method, construction cost is low and safety is achieved.


In order to improve performance of vehicle engine cooling system,the paper proposed a design scheme of intelligent control system for vehicle cooling fan combined with new vehicle network bus technology of FlexRay.The system uses multi-parameter composite linear control signal,namely collects temperature data of the cooling system and working state parameters of the engine,and sends them to MCU for integrated treatment,then MCU outputs PWM control signal.It achieves real-time and efficient control for the cooling fan.The test results show that the system is able to achieve data reading and writing and transmission among multi-node with high real-time performance,reliability and accuracy.


African Speech Technology speech and transcription data for the Afrikaans-English database. The "speech" directory contains English speech as spoken by South African Afrikaans mother tongue speakers.


The problem encountered in school is that students' mathematical problem solving abilities are not optimal. It can be improved by using learning instruction based on Problem Based Learning. The purpose of this study is to develop learning instruction based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities. The type of research is development research using Plomp's model which consists of three phases namely preliminary research, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. This article discusses the preliminary section. Questionnaires, teacher interview guidelines, field notes, educational test questions were used as a instruments. The results of data analysis show that 1) Students mathematical abilities was low, 2) the learning process focused on the teacher, 3) Students' involvement in the learning process was lack, 4) The learning instruction used by teachers are not facilitating students to improve mathematical problem solving skills , 5) Students feel difficult to understand the language used in learning resources.


It has generally been assumed that the marine invertebrate fossils occurring in the rocks of the Pennsylvanian system have such a great vertical range that the species are of no value as markers of particular formations within the system. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the fact that while many of the marine species found in these rocks in Illinois do range through a great vertical thickness, a number of the species are so restricted in their range that they are diagnostic of a single formation, or of a narrow horizon within a formation. Also there are other species that may occur in more than one formation, but their shells are present in great numbers only in a single formation so that even these can be used in the recognition and correlation of the subdivisions of Pennsylvanian rocks in this state.


. The review article highlights the problems of modeling cerebral ischemia in small mammals. The advantages of experimental studies based on the similarity of cerebral circulation in humans and animals are indicated. The structure and topog-raphy of the vascular system and hemodynamic parameters are described, which is a serious reason for using the data on modeling cerebrovascular pathology in rats with further extrapolation to humans. In the process of development of experimental neu-roscience, a sufficient number of experimental models have been developed, including for the study of acute and chronic vascular discirculation, risk factors, mechanisms for the development of cerebrovascular diseases, preclinical testing of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The classification of experimental models for the study of acute and chronic disorders of cerebral circulation, mechanisms of their development and preclinical approbation of new drugs is given. The authors indicate that all experimental models of cerebral ischemia can be divided into two groups: to investigate risk factors and for pathophysiological studies of cerebral ischemia. And in the second case, focal and global ischemia models are described. At the same time, the second item is divided into two blocks of models: focal (regional) ischemia according to the type of stroke and global ischemia in the form of cardiac arrest. In conclusion, the authors point out the difficulties and disadvan-tages of some methods of simulating ischemia. Its low reproduc-ibility is due to the anatomical difference in the structure of the cerebral arterial circle with the presence of additional communi-cating artery and pronounced collateral blood flow; inaccuracy of simulating ischemia in a number of focal models is possible; the surgical access to certain arteries of the respective basin is complex. The techniques of several arteries occlusion are aggressive, which differs from the actual conditions of stroke development; trauma and perforation of the vessel are observed; also, special complex equipment is required.


The Great Depression in the United States—it was the worst of times, it was the best of times. This was true of music (popular, folk, whatever) as well as just about everything else. Woody Guthrie appears to have written some of the decade's soundtrack, but this is certainly an exaggeration, with some element of authenticity. Indeed, this was a musically rich decade, with folk (and protest) music as part of the eclectic mix, with influential financial support and direction coming from the federal government. These two books somewhat overlap, but not much, in exploring music in the West. With the beginning of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal in 1933, and particularly after 1935, an "alphabet stew" of federal programs, such as the National Labor Relations Act, the Farm Security Administration, and the Works Progress Administration, which included Federal Project One: the Index of Design, the Federal Writers' Project (FWP), the Federal Music Project (FMP), the Federal Art Project (FAP), and the Federal Theater Project (FTP). These government programs included not just a paycheck but also a supportive, creative environment that coincided with the emergence of radical political movements, in particular the Communist Party and the Socialist Party, along with an exploding labor movement led by the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Simultaneously, however, there were significant forces working in opposition, particularly in the solidly Democratic, and highly racist, South. Southern politicians initially supported much of Roosevelt's domestic agenda, but only with the guarantee that none of these laws, or any antilynching bills, would disturb the region's rigid segregationist policies, enforced legally and through much violence. Moreover, by decade's end a swelling fear of political radicalism led to the emergence of Congress's Special Committee on Un-American Activities in 1934, chaired after by 1938 by Rep. Martin Dies, whose racist and antilabor agenda was bolstered by northern Republicans as well as J. Edgar Hoover's FBI. By decade's end various states also sported anticommunist movements, such as Oklahoma and California. That is, the Depression years, while certainly marked by the emergence of industrial labor unions and vibrant left-wing movements, witnessed strong political and cultural conservative counter tendencies (that would flourish following World War II). In 1935 Nikolai Sokoloff became the first national director of the FMP. Unlike the directors of the FAP, the FWP, and the FTP, Sokoloff had more of a traditional conservative orientation, in his case preferring classical, symphonic music, although he did not rule out supporting musicians who performed folk or other forms of popular music. As Gough notes, "Sokoloff's disdain for popular music was unrestrained" and he "initially discouraged folk music activities in the FMP." (13) He was also a political conservative who shunned any hint of radicalism (certainly one of the problems of the FWP, as heated reaction to the New Deal, much less the Communist Party, spread by the late 1930s). Still, in the Western states a wide variety of music and musicians obtained FMP financial support and encouragement, although the focus remained on classical orchestras. For example, Hawaiian musical combos were popular in California, while Hispanic music, in the form of orquestas tipicas, was featured in Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico. A


The present invention RELATED TO INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION METHODS OF TRANS-4-hydroxy-L-proline, which is useful as an initiator for medicines and as a food additive, genes encoding L-proline 4-hydroxylase, AND THAT are useful for said process containing said recombinant DNA GENES, transformants containing said DNA, and methods of producing L-proline 4-hydroxylase, using said transformants and said enzyme.


Higher education computer fundamental course reform faced the 21st century has already been started in an all-round way. Innovation of teaching material's design philosophy is one of important contents that can't be ignored.The design and writing philosophy of university computer fundamental teaching material is summarized and reviewed leaded by the theory of Self-Directory Learning, and an example page is shown.


Print‐light‐synthesis is a new concept for the large‐scale in situ fabrication of nanoparticles and structures on large substrates. Here, Pt nanoparticles are synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slides by using combined inkjet printing and photonic curing operated under ambient conditions and with low material usage. A formulated chloroplatinic acid based ink provides stable and reproducible jetting, optimized ink–substrate interaction and fast ink drying to create well‐defined thin precursor films acting as nanoreactors. The precursor loading is precisely controlled by the printing parameters. Then, a short light pulse from a Xe flash lamp fully converts the printed Pt precursor containing film into pure Pt nanoparticles. The optimum precursor coverage is ≈1 µg mm−2 Pt consuming as less as ≈50 nL mm−2 of ink. Neither reducing nor capping agents are used resulting in pure Pt nanoparticles (30 nm average size) and micrometer‐size aggregates. The nanostructures are well‐adhered to the ITO substrate and show a stable electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. The fast and cost‐effective process optimization in terms of ink formulation, substrate pre‐treatment, inkjet printing resolution, and post‐processing for the rapid fabrication of Pt nano‐ and microparticle‐coated ITO electrodes is presented and discussed.


There have been several attempts in the past to understand the nature of the collision of individual cases of interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We selected eight cases of interacting CMEs and estimated their propagation and expansion speeds, and direction of impact and masses, by exploiting coronagraphic and heliospheric imaging observations. Using these estimates while ignoring the errors therein, we find that the nature of collisions is perfectly inelastic for two cases (i.e., 2012 March and November), inelastic for two cases (i.e., 2012 June and 2011 August), elastic for one case (i.e., 2013 October), and super-elastic for three cases (i.e., 2011 February, 2010 May, and 2012 September). Including the large uncertainties in the estimated directions, angular widths, and pre-collision speeds, the probability of a perfectly inelastic collision for the 2012 March and November cases drops from 98% to 60% and 100% to 40%, respectively, increasing the probability for other types of collision. Similarly, the probability of an inelastic collision drops from 95% to 50% for the 2012 June case, 85% to 50% for the 2011 August case, and 75% to 15% for the 2013 October case. We note that the probability of a super-elastic collision for the 2011 February, 2010 May, and 2012 September CMEs drops from 90% to 75%, 60% to 45%, and 90% to 50%, respectively. Although the sample size is small, we find good dependence of the nature of collision on the CME parameters. The crucial pre-collision parameters of the CMEs responsible for increasing the probability of a super-elastic collision are, in descending order of priority, their lower approaching speed, expansion speed of the following CME higher than the preceding one, and a longer duration of the collision phase.


The fact that the transition from post-modern to the digital speculations of a younger generation of architects such as Greg Lynn, Alejandro Zaera-Polo or Jesse Reiser, happened so rapidly arouses increasing suspicion today. Since this apparently neoavant-gardism emerged from some of the most traditional schools of architecture on the American East Coast, the puzzlement seems to double. The fact that the transition from post-modern to the digital speculations of a younger generation of architects happened so rapidly arouses increasing suspicion today. Since this apparently neoavant-gardism emerged from some of the most traditional schools of architecture on the American East Coast, the puzzlement seems to double. Up to now, only architects and educators related to the American neo-avant-gardes, such as Peter Eisenman or John Hejduk, were seen as a notable influence; this is the case, for instance, for the idea of diagram, a concept of key importance for the emerging generation of designers and normally credited to the architects mentioned above. However, as neo-avantgardists and traditionalists became more and more polarized throughout the 1980s, the generation of architects simultaneously educated under both schools began their careers with the aim to surpass the dramatic split between the two opposing ideologies and claimed some kind of reconciliation.


This paper begins with a confession: I am not by any means an expert on short fiction. I can claim some expertise in poetry and theatre, a reasonableacquaintancewithlongerprosefiction,butalmostnoexpertise at all in short fiction. Of course as an academic working in literary studies, I have taught short fiction: in my first British lectureship on the first-year reading list were the stories of Henry James and D. H. Lawrence's England, my England, and as years have gone by, I have used stories by Maupassant, Borges, Kipling, Carson McCullers and Maria Luisa Bombal to name just a few, in postgraduate seminars. I have also translated some short stories, from Spanish and Italian, but the genre is not one with which I feel very comfortable. So when I agreed to give a lecture to open a conference on short fiction, it presented an ideal opportunity to explore a hugely successful literary genre that still eludes me. Trying to illustrate the difference between the novel and the short story, Ifindmyself thinkingof apainterlike Canaletto. Hisvast canvasses of cities across Europe are full of movement, light, colour–the eye moves across great buildings, water, clouds and patterns of light, which he combines so cleverly to create images of vastness. But if one looks more closely, the figures all seem to be engaged in different forms of activity. Moving in, we can see that there are conversations taking place, figures half-turning from one another, engaged in–what? an argument, an assignation, a rejection? While the canvasses themselves invite us to admire as we scan the scene portrayed in all its magnificence, the closeups seem to suggest all kinds of other stories taking place. I see the novel as comparable to the big canvas, with all the strands of human activity woven together; then if we isolate a single scene, we have something comparable to the short story. The story does not have the great sweep


We report on two regularly rotating galaxies at redshift z ≈ 2, using high-resolution spectra of the bright [C ii] 158 μm emission line from the HIFI instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory. Both SDSS090122.37+181432.3 ("S0901") and SDSSJ120602.09+514229.5 ("the Clone") are strongly lensed and show the double-horned line profile that is typical of rotating gas disks. Using a parametric disk model to fit the emission line profiles, we find that S0901 has a rotation speed of vsin (i) ≈ 120 ± 7 km s−1 and a gas velocity dispersion of σg < 23 km s−1 (1σ). The best-fitting model for the Clone is a rotationally supported disk having vsin (i) ≈ 79 ± 11 km s−1 and σg ≲ 4 km s−1 (1σ). However, the Clone is also consistent with a family of dispersion-dominated models having σg = 92 ± 20 km s−1. Our results showcase the potential of the [C ii] line as a kinematic probe of high-redshift galaxy dynamics: [C ii] is bright, accessible to heterodyne receivers with exquisite velocity resolution, and traces dense star-forming interstellar gas. Future [C ii] line observations with ALMA would offer the further advantage of spatial resolution, allowing a clearer separation between rotation and velocity dispersion.


Most economists would concur that an important role of economic theory is to influence the direction of empirical research, either by posing new questions or by suggesting new answers to old questions. Whether or not modem theory should be judged to be a success on that metric is a frequently debated question, but one on which there has been little systematic investigation. In this paper, we provide some preliminary empirical evidence on the extent to which various fields of economic theory, as well as specific theorists, have succeeded in influencing the path followed by empirical research in the area of microeconomics. Based on our analysis of all empirical microeconomics papers published in three leading journals over a three-year period, we arrive at a number of conclusions concerning the impact of theory on empirical research. Our first finding is that the set of theory papers cited as the primary motivation for leading empirical work is surprisingly dispersed. Very few individual works of theory seem to have exerted a great influence. In the 149 empirical papers we consider, one author (Gary Becker) is cited 15 times, but no other author is cited more than 10 times; no single paper is cited more than five times. A second finding is that empirical researchers behave as if they are heavily influenced by recent theoretical contributions. Among the theory pa


Research is needed to unlock the mysteries of ethical culture and investigate the ways in which it impacts on employees (Collier and Esteban, 2007). Our paper responds to this call. Its focus on codes of ethics recognizes the increasing importance of the topic (Svensson et al., 2006) – and the benefit of viewing employee communication through a stakeholder lens (Uusi-Rauva and Nurkka, 2010). We investigate the link between ethical context and important work outcomes with codes representing organization espousal of a desired ethical stance. We then show how employee cognizance and evaluation of this stance results in specific attitudes and behaviors (Weaver and Trevino 1999). CSR discourse is primarily concerned with the propensity for organizations to conform to or subvert ethical norms and codes within and – in the case of transnational business – across cultural contexts (Burchell and Cook, 2006, Kallio, 2007). This prompts researchers to examine influences within organizations that encourage positive (or negative) responses to CSR. Prior analysis of CSR has tended to focus on the role of senior management and the mediation of related power influences via corporate governance mechanisms (Aguilera et al., 2006). However, relatively under-explored areas within corporate governance and CSR include the fair treatment of workers and environmental degradation (Robertson and Athanassiou, 2009) – and we examine the former in this paper.


Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the value of ovarian reserve score (ORS) as a predictive value of outcome of assisted reproduction therapy (ART). Study Design: This prospective study was done at AlAzhar University Hospitals and International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research (IICPSR) and included 350 infertile women who had undergone assisted reproduction therapy in the period from November 2009 to December 2010. All women were subjected to clinical evaluation and measuring of basal FSH, E2 and AMH at day 3 of the cycle prior to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Ultrasound scanning was performed on the same day to assess Antral Follicles Count (AFC) and the Mean Ovarian Volume (MOV). Every woman was given a score called Ovarian Reserve Score (ORS) according to a special Table. Then, in the next cycle, Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation (COH) using long term protocol was applied. Ovulation response, number of retrieved oocytes, number of transferred embryos and pregnancy rate were recorded and tabled. Results: The results of this study documented the importance of maternal age as one of the good predictors of ovarian reserve. As the maternal age goes beyond thirty years, there was decline in the ovarian reserve with subsequent poor response to gonadotrophin. The ORS has a good predictive value as women with ORS <3; all are poor responders to COH, women with ORS >3; had good response, women with ORS 3 are borderline responders and women with ORS >9; all are high responders and a high risk for Ovarian Hyper Stimulation Syndrome (OHSS). Also ORS has a good predictive value as regard to number of follicles, retrieved oocytes and pregnancy rate. Conclusion: In light of our findings, we can use ORS for prediction of poor response to COH and counseling the couples regards their performance during ovarian stimulation. Also ORS can be used to adjust the dose of human menopausal gonadotrophins to get the optimum response.


This paper introduces the design of a based on the S3C2440,ARM、Linux and QT/Embedded intelligent digital megohm meter,It combines with touch screen to replace the original mechanical switch,has the advantages of high measurement precision,wide measurement range,strong data processing ability,visual display etc.


This paper describes the approach taken in the ERA project for the procurement of high reliability components with a limited financial budget available and with an advanced design concept for the realisation of a robotic arm function.


counter ions were made in a variety of solvent systems and characterized by SEM, electronic conductivity, FTIR, and mechanical properties. Composite films showing much greater fiexibility than pure polypyrrole were obtained, but their electronic conductivities were substantially lower. Measured eonductivities ranged from 0.001 to 8 S/cm, tensile strengths from 44 to 592 psi, and elongation to failure from 3 to 70%.


Nicotine (NIC) adversely affects male reproductive system, semen quality and fertility. The present study elucidated the protective role folic acid with or without vitamin B12 in adult wister male rats. Rats were treated with nicotine (administrated by intraperitoneal injection of nicotine 3mg/kg body weight / day with supplementation of folic acid alone (36μg/kg bw/day) or in combination with vitamin B12(0.63μg/kg/day) for 21 days. The NIC-exposed rats showed significant reduction in testicular weight, epididymal sperm count, motility, serum level of FSH, LH and testosterone with damaged histoarchitecture of testes probably by affecting pituitary gonadotrophins and/or modulating antioxidant status. The above-mentioned parameters were restored to near normal level by supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12. In conclusion, folic acid and vitamin B12 may be used as possible reproductive protectants after additional study molecular and clinical trial level.


The investigations of solutions of the synthesis problem for a plane rectangular array according to the prescribed requirements to the power directivity pattern (DP) dependent on two physical parameters describing the electrical and physical sizes of aperture and spatial angle, in which the necessary DP is given, are presented. It is shown that the non-uniqueness and bifurcation of solutions are characteristic features of this class of problems. The equation on finding such set of values of parameters, at which bifurcation of solutions occurs, is derived. Numerical algorithms for finding the optimal solutions of the synthesis problem are constructed and the numerical examples are given.


In this paper we use the idea of Brisebarre, Muller, Tisserand and Chevillard on machine-efficient Chebyshev approximation. Our aim is to provide high accuracy results for log, Gamma (and related functions), and the solution of Ordinary Differential Equations by Picard iteration using machine-efficient Chebyshev approximations. We demonstrate that these machine-efficient approximations do indeed improve the efficiency with which these operations can be performed. These practical calculations were performed using Muller's iRRAM.


The Relatively Simple CPU Simulator is an instructional aid for students studying computer architecture and CPU design, typically at the junior or senior level. It simulates the Relatively Simple CPU, a 16-instruction processor introduced in the textbook Computer Systems Organization and Architecture. Students first enter an assembly language program, which is assembled by the simulator. After correcting any syntax errors, the user simulates the fetch, decode, and execute cycles for each instruction in the program. The user may simulate the execution of the program by clock cycle, by instruction, using breakpoints, or as a single, continuous execution. The simulator uses animation to give students a more intuitive understanding of how the CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions. It shows the flow of data within the CPU's register section. A pop-up window animates data flow within the ALU whenever it is active. The control unit highlights signals asserted by the control unit and used in the rest of the CPU. Users may select either a hard-wired or microcoded control unit. The Relatively Simple CPU simulator is coded as a platform-independent Java applet that can be executed within any Java-enabled web browser. The simulator and its source code are freely available under the GNU Public License.


Some results are presented of Earth Resources Survey Program studies conducted on: (1) Defining and developing methods of suppressing system noise and cloud contamination in satellite measurements of infrared window radiation. (2) Relating sea surface temperature patterns in the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico to associated thermal front structure with aid of infrared data from Nimbus or ITOS. (3) Testing the feasibility of mapping sea surface roughness and low level wind speed over tropical oceans by means of ATS imagery in sun glitter zones. (4) Microwave radiometer measurements from aircraft and their usefulness and limitations for all-weather mapping of surface roughness, sea ice conditions, and possible surface temperature. (5) Evaluation of scanning radiometer data from ITOS for purposes of mapping snow and ice conditions.


During liquid evaporation, the temperature of the liquid determines the saturated vapor pressure above it, which controls the evaporation rate and thus determines the liquid temperature through latent heat. Therefore, the equations for the vapor concentration in the atmosphere and for the temperature in the liquid are coupled and must be solved in an iterative manner. In the present paper, a combined field approach which unifies the coupled fields into one single field and thus makes the iteration unnecessary is proposed. The present work will be useful in scientific and industrial processes involving liquid evaporation and may also have more general applications to coupled field problems in which all the fields have the same governing equation.


Elevated levels of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in the urine have been established as a promising diagnostic indicator for acute kidney injury (AKI). Development of a quantitative diagnostic immunoassay for NGAL in urine prompts an understanding of the native protein analyte and its structural similarity to the selected recombinant protein used to calibrate the assay. Here we present findings from various analyses on the native human NGAL protein in urine (huNGAL). Chromatographic size‐fractionation of individual human urine specimens indicate that the predominant form of huNGAL is monomeric, although oligomeric forms are detected in some specimens. When observed, NGAL‐containing oligomers are shown to occur through inter‐protein disulfide linkage. An enriched huNGAL protein sample from a pool of urine specimens was analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) with Western Blotting to elucidate size and charge distribution of NGAL‐active isoforms. Although all identified huNGAL isoforms displayed molecular weights near the predicted intact polypeptide sequence, the charge distribution of the isoforms was surprisingly wide (pI 5.9‐9.1) given a theoretical pI of 9.0 for the native polypeptide. Structural properties of the enriched huNGAL are compared to those of the immunoassay calibrator protein as well as NGAL protein from other recombinant and native sources.


1. This one-day information meeting was organised by the Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME) in co-operation with the centre for Co-operation with non-Members (CCNM) and was open to attendance by representatives of OECD members, non-Members, the business community, employee organisations, other non-governmental organisations and regional and international organisations.


Game-based learning (GBL) is a popular innovative pedagogical framework for developing Computational Thinking (CT) skills. The base idea is to use games to help create awareness and generated needed CT skills and abilities; in short, it is "games for CT" approach. This is however, one part of the equation for understanding and developing CT in our modern digital age. The other part of the equation lies in using "CT for games". This paper addresses this perspective to aid in the understanding and framing of the elusive CT concept. In "CT for games", this paper highlights and draws attention to using CT for developing games instead of using games to develop CT. The core contributions of the paper are a "CT for games" proposed framework; selected variants of health games and observations of "Rebel Design". Readers can benefit from a perspective with a different focus and increase awareness and understanding of CT with the hope of grooming future leaders with required CT problem-solving skills and abilities and applying "Rebel Design" for games.


Doxorubicin causes a chronic cardiomyopathy in which genetic and functional lesions of mitochondria accumulate in the long‐term and explain in part the delayed onset of heart dysfunction. DOXO‐EMCH a 6‐maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin, is an albumin binding prodrug which has entered clinical trials because of its superior antitumor and toxicological profile. In the present work, we examined the chronic cardiotoxicity of DOXO‐EMCH in direct comparison with doxorubicin. Rats (11 weeks of age) were treated with intravenous doxorubicin (0.8 mg/kg weekly for 7 weeks), an equimolar dose of DOXO‐EMCH (1.1 mg/kg), or with 3.3 mg/kg of DOXO‐EMCH. Controls received saline. Animals were euthanized at 48th week. Rats exposed to doxorubicin had a severe clinical, and histopathological cardiomyopathy with depressed myocardial activity of cytochrome c‐oxidase (COX, 26% of controls), reduced expression of the mtDNA‐encoded COX II subunit, decreased mtDNA copy numbers (46% of controls), and high levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide (787% of controls). All parameters were highly correlated with myocardial damage. Both DOXO‐EMCH groups did not differ from controls with regard to clinical symptomatology, mortality and mitochondrial enzymes, although the myocardia of the high‐dose group had slightly increased histopathological abnormalities, depressed mtDNA copies (74% of controls) and elevated superoxide levels (347% of controls). Doxorubicin‐exposed hearts and to a lesser extent the myocardia of both DOXO‐EMCH groups contained mtDNA‐deletions. In summary both DOXO‐EMCH doses were superior over doxorubicin with respect to clinical and histopathological evidence of cardiomyopathy, myocardial COX‐activity, COX II expression, mtDNA‐content, mtDNA mutation loads and superoxide production in rats. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.