The invention discloses a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and a display device. The LCD panel comprises a substrate and multiple display units. Each display unit comprises a first sub-display unit and a second sub-display unit, wherein the first sub-display unit comprises a first sub-pixel unit corresponding to a first color, a second sub-pixel unit corresponding to a second color, a third sub-pixel unit corresponding to a third color, and a fourth sub-pixel unit corresponding to a fourth color; and the second sub-display unit is adjacent to the first sub-display unit and comprises a fifth sub-pixel unit corresponding to the third color, a sixth sub-pixel unit corresponding to the fourth color, a seventh sub-pixel unit corresponding to the first color, and eighth sub-pixel unit corresponding to the second color.


In a series of large‐scale (N>100) studies of analogy use in college physics, we have explored how, when, and why analogies affect student reasoning. In the first of these studies, we demonstrated that analogies affect student reasoning when taught in a large enrollment physics course. In the present follow‐up study, we demonstrate that teaching EM waves concepts implicitly via analogy leads to greater conceptual change compared to teaching explicitly without analogies. Students were divided into two groups, one taught using analogies (string and sound waves) and the other taught without analogies (EM waves only). On a targeted concept question given before and after instruction, students who were taught with analogies outperformed those taught without analogies demonstrating that analogies can affect student reasoning in productive ways, even when taught implicitly. We propose framing as a mechanism to begin to explain why analogies can be productive when used implicitly.


Following intra‐arterial administration of ethacrynic acid (EA) in the guinea pig (50 mg/kg), the endocochlear potential declines from its normal value of + 80 mV to − 30 to − 40 mV, similar to that during asphyxic anoxia. The regression line describing the change in CM amplitude as a function of EP amplitude is statistically identical for both anoxia and EA administration, with a slope of 0.49 and a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Perfusion of scala vestibuli with isotonic KCl had no significant effect on the value of the negative EP resulting from EA administration. These results suggest that (i) changes in CM amplitude following EA administration are due solely to the depression of the EP resulting from the action of EA on energy production in the stria vascularis, and (ii) the negative EP is not the result of a K+‐diffusion gradient across Reissner's membrane. [Supported by grants from the Deafness Research Foundation and USPHS 08193.]


Background— Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a pleiotropic monocarboxypeptidase capable of metabolizing several peptide substrates. We hypothesized that ACE2 is a negative regulator of angiotensin II (Ang II)–mediated signaling and its adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Methods and Results— Ang II infusion (1.5 mg · kg−1 · d−1) for 14 days resulted in worsening cardiac fibrosis and pathological hypertrophy in ACE2 knockout (Ace2−/y) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Daily treatment of Ang II–infused wild-type mice with recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2; 2 mg · kg−1 · d−1 IP) blunted the hypertrophic response and expression of hypertrophy markers and reduced Ang II–induced superoxide production. Ang II–mediated myocardial fibrosis and expression of procollagen type I&agr;1, procollagen type III&agr;1, transforming growth factor-&bgr;1, and fibronectin were also suppressed by rhACE2. Ang II–induced diastolic dysfunction was inhibited by rhACE2 in association with reduced plasma and myocardial Ang II and increased plasma Ang 1-7 levels. rhACE2 treatment inhibited Ang II–mediated activation of protein kinase C-&agr; and protein kinase C-&bgr;1 protein levels and phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated 1/2, Janus kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways in wild-type mice. A subpressor dose of Ang II (0.15 mg · kg−1 · d−1) resulted in a milder phenotype that was strikingly attenuated by rhACE2 (2 mg · kg−1 · d−1 IP). In adult ventricular cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, Ang II–mediated superoxide generation, collagen production, and extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 signaling were inhibited by rhACE2 in an Ang 1-7–dependent manner. Importantly, rhACE2 partially prevented the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in pressure-overloaded wild-type mice. Conclusions— Elevated Ang II induced hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, which were exacerbated by ACE2 deficiency, whereas rhACE2 attenuated Ang II– and pressure-overload–induced adverse myocardial remodeling. Hence, ACE2 is an important negative regulator of Ang II–induced heart disease and suppresses adverse myocardial remodeling.


In the knowledge society the processes of learning and of knowledge management take place, very often, online and in social online environments, thus producing issues of complexity and sustainability, related to cognitive processes of learning, that students - even at university level - are not always able to understand and / or to deal with. As a matter of fact, although many universities are beginning to introduce them into their courses, social networks are not yet perceived as learning tools and the use that students make of them is still limited to entertainment and to communicative tasks. This study reports the case of a Management course at the University of Pisa, where the institutional VLE – based on Moodle – has been integrated with a student support group hosted on Ning. A survey has been administered to a sample of 220 Management Engineering students, in order to study the role of metacognitive, motivational and socio-cognitive variables in student self-efficacy perception towards academic success and in their ability to make an 'effective' use of ICT for learning. The first results of the survey are reported and discussed.


Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including ascorbic acid (ASA), and polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids, most of which exhibit high antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo (Giampieri et al., 2012). As antioxidant compounds are associated with health benefits, the dietary intake of strawberry is highly recommended (Hannum, 2004; Cervantes et al., 2019). However, in the strawberry fruit, the content of antioxidant compounds varies because of genetics, environmental factors, and cultural practices. Previously, several studies on strawberry focused on the effects of environmental factors, such as harvest season (Choi et al., 2016), air temperature (Balasooriya et al., 2019; Shin et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2012), and light-related factors, such as light intensity, light duration, and ultraviolet (UV) exposure (Palmieri et al., 2017; Cervantes et al., 2019), on antioxidant compounds. In general, environmental conditions such as air temperature and irradiation have great impacts on plant growth because of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, such as the photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) (Xu et al., 2020). Changes in the photosynthetic apparatus affect antioxidant metabolism through the generation of reactive oxygen species in photosynthesizing tissues (Hajiboland, 2014), which affect plant growth and/or photosynthetic performance, leading to changes in the level of antioxidant compounds. However, the effects of plant growth and photosynthetic performance on fruit antioxidant compounds have not yet been investigated. Therefore, to enhance the level of antioxidant compounds in the strawberry fruit, it is necessary to understand the interactions of antioxidant compounds with plant growth and photosynthetic performance. A correlation network analysis can be used widely to visualize interactions among various factors (Newman, 2003). From the agricultural viewpoint, the correlation network analysis of plant metabolism can provide key insights into biochemical processes and their regulation (Toubiana et al., 2013). Previously, correlation network analysis has been used to perform metabolic data analysis of several horticultural crops, such as tomato (DiLeo et al., 2011; Zushi and Matsuzoe, 2011, 2015), pepper (Silva et al., 2016), and strawberry (Fait et al., 2008). In these studies, the correlation network and its structure have been characterized extensively in efforts to elucidate the design principles of metabolic interactions. For example, in strawberry fruit, the correlation network suggested that metabolism is


The in vitro culture of small ovarian cortex fragments (in situ culture), where the primordial follicles are mainly present, aims to study the activation and growth of follicles. The base medium composition is critical to the success of this growth, and may be influenced by addition of different substances, such as hormones and growth factors. These factors operating in the development of ovarian follicles, highlight the IGF-I, insulin and FSH, play a clear role in the control and regulation of folliculogenesis in several species. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the best concentration of IGF-1 and FSH for follicular activation in culture of pre-antral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue of sheep. The ovaries were obtained from ovine abattoirs (n = 60), and cut in small fragments. One fragment of each pair of ovaries was preserved (fresh control), and the others were cultured in vitro for 8 days at 39 °C and 5% CO2. The culture was performed using α-Minimum Essential Medium added supplements (α-MEM +) as base medium, and the culture groups were divided in pure α-MEM + (culture control), and α-MEM + added with 10, 25, 50, 75 or 100 ng/mL of IGF-1 or FSH. After culture, all fragments were submitted to usual histology technics, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. To assess the optimal concentration of each factor, 30 pre-antral follicles were counted in each section and classified in primordial (PL), primary (PO) and secondary (SE) follicles. The evaluation was carried out in triplicates and different concentrations were compared to cultured and fresh control groups. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that, after 8 days culture, the number of SE was greater in 50 e 75 ng/mL of IGF-1 groups than fresh control (P <0.05), however, only 50 ng/mL was greater than culture control. The concentration of 50 ng/ml of IGF-1 also promoted an increase (P <0.05) in the follicular activation, compared to 25 ng/mL. Regarding to FSH, there was no significant difference between the treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that α-MEM + culture medium added of IGF-1 in small concentration promotes follicular activation of ovine pre-antral follicles, and FSH alone do not have any action to activate primordial follicles in situ cultured. Further studies are now being performed, including association between the factors and immunohistochemistry for evaluation of follicular apoptosis after culture.


A cross-drive steering transmission for steering a tracklaying vehicle is characterised in that at least two fixed mechanical reduction gears allow for at least two turning radii, in that steering radius automatic switching means are provided between the fixed reduction gears (fixed steering radii) and in that a device allows the driver to input the desired steering radius. Also provided is a control unit that allows switching among a plurality of fixed steering radii depending on the steering radius input by the driver, and thus to approximate the desired steering radius.


A continously growing cell line (FMP1.1) has been isolated, which is dependent upon a factor in PWCM for both growth and survival. FMP1.1 appears to be a mast cell, since IgE receptors are present and their graunles react specifically with a mast cell granule stain. The factor in PWCM may be a glycoprotein and has biochemical properties in common with PWCM factors, which stimulate at least four other lineages of hemopoietic colonyforming cell. This line provides a pure population of cells as a model for studying molecular events of hemopoietic precursor cell growth and differentiation.


The invention relates to a rheumatism health paste, in particular to a novel rubber paste which has functions of wind expelling, dampness removal, blood circulation promotion by removing blood stasis, swelling and pain alleviation and local micro-circulation improvement and is suitable for symptoms of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, muscle strain, and the like. The rheumatism health paste is improved into a rubber paste according to a folk remedy by adopting a high and new technology and combining clinical efficacy. The rheumatism health paste is formed by lining materials, a paste layer and a paste surface covering object, wherein the lining materials are non-woven fabrics or looped fabrics, the paste layer is a medicine containing layer filled with trans-dermal enhancer by sustained control technologies, and the paste surface covering objects are release paper or release films.


This paper presents a 2.4 GHz fully integrated class-A power amplifier designed and implemented in a commercial 0.35 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology for a single-chip dual-band transceiver. It delivers a power output of 18.5dBm at an input power of -8dBm with a PAE of 17%. The 2nd and 3rd harmonics are -37.5dBc and -32.2dBc, respectively. The power amplifier draws a DC current of 126mA from a 3.3 V supply and achieves a linear gain of 27.6 dB. The fabricated die size is only 1.2 mm times 1 mm. An improved PA model is introduced for optimal power matching analysis that was verified in this design


The focus on shifting towards miniaturized products, coupled with the booming demand for consumer electronics, are some of the key driving factors behind the flexible-battery market. In the development of innovative power sources, freedom from design limitations, along with the synthesis of reliable electrochemical materials with well-tuned features, is considered to be the most important technical prerequisite. Two approaches for the fabrication of flexible free form-factor batteries, developed in our group, will be presented. The first one is a unique, single-step method for the preparation of a membrane-electrode assembly [1]. Concurrent electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of positive and negative battery electrodes (LFP and LTO) on opposite sides of a commercial nanoporous membrane (Celgard 2325) results in the formation of a three-layer-battery structure. The cell comprising this electrophoretically deposited structure ran for more than 150 cycles with 125-140mAh/g capacity, which approaches the theoretical value of lithium iron phosphate. The electrodes can be deposited either cathodically or anodically by replacing the interchangeable charging agents, such as polyethyleneimine and polyacrylic acid. These polyelectrolytes, when adsorbed on the particles of the active material, also serve as the binders. The simultaneous EPD, which we developed, can be used for the simple and low-cost manufacturing of a variety of cathode and anode materials on nanoporous polymerand ceramic ion-conducting membranes for energy storage devices. The second approach utilizes printing techniques. These technologies are still at an early stage, and most currently printed batteries exploit printed electrodes sandwiching selfstanding commercial polymer membranes, produced by conventional extrusion or papermaking techniques, followed by soaking in non-aqueous liquid electrolytes. We suggest a novel flexible-battery design and report the initial results of the development and characterization of novel 3D printed all-solid-state electrolytes prepared by fused-filament fabrication (FFF) [2, 3]. The electrolytes are composed of LiTFSI, polyethylene oxide (PEO), which is a known lithium-ion conductor, and polylactic acid (PLA) for enhanced mechanical properties and high-temperature durability. The flexible all-solid LiTFSI-based electrolyte exhibited bulk ionic conductivity of 3×10−5 S/cm at 90oC and 156 ohm/cm2 resistance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). These results pave the way for a fully printed solid battery, which enables free-form-factor flexible geometries. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research Alexandre Yersin Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics


This paper argues that key reasons for "women-going-home" reside in the gradual separation of public and private spheres in the course of marketization of the Chinese economy,in which activities related to 'reproduction' have been pushed back to family,resulting in women becoming 'less valued' labour in the market.To explain this trend,it is therefore important to examine institutional constraints in addition to the question of whether or not women are willing to go home.Recognizing that separation of public and private spheres forms a core concept in political liberalist ideology,the paper examines the four major periods in which debates on "women-going-home" since the 1980s and asserts that the mainstream ideology in China has shifted from an emphasis on Marxist theory of women's liberation to that of liberalism.Feminists need to respond to probable structural/institutional oppression of women arising from such a shift.


With the shrinking funds for child welfare allocated primarily to investigation and foster care, prevention and treatment services for child maltreatment (CM) are increasingly nonexistent, inaccessible, or inappropriate. Prior research on helpseeking and service utilization has given scant attention to maltreating and at-risk families, who pose special challenges for service delivery for several reasons: maltreating families often do not recognize the development of problems in the parenting relationship; even if problems are recognized, the stigma associated with child maltreatment makes families reluctant to seek help; and service providers and client families often have different beliefs about what services are needed. A review of the literature on help-seeking and service utilization among populations at risk, in light of the social context of child maltreatment, suggests that research to identify specific parental concerns is needed in order to link prevention and treatment services to other services devised to meet clients' perceived needs. In addition, longitudinal research is needed to focus on the effects of social networks on the use of formal services and on the links between utilization of formal and informal services.


During the 20 years of political violence in Peru starting in the late 1970's, Ayacucho, an Andean department, was one of the most severely affected areas. Mass-migration to Lima increased largely driven by escaping from violence rather than by economic reasons. This provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of migration on health since selection biases are likely to be reduced.

This study investigates differences in cardiovascular risk factors comparing three groups: i) always lived in Ayacucho (n=289); ii) migrated from Ayacucho to Lima (n=589); and, iii) always lived in Lima (n=199). A cross sectional design was used.

A clear gradient of risk was seen for the majority of factors studied: body mass index (BMI), total and LDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and insulin, CRP and fibrinogen, the rural group having the lowest risk, the urban group the highest. The migrant group had intermediate risk, although generally more similar to the urban than the rural group. Blood pressure did not show a clear gradient of difference between groups. The migrant group had similar systolic blood pressure (SBP) but lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than the rural group. The urban group had higher SBP but similar DBP than rural group. In the case of lipid profile, no difference was observed between groups for HDL and triglycerides. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and estimated absolute cardiovascular risk were all higher in migrant and urban groups than in the rural sample. Within the migrant group, when classified by time since migration or age at migration, differences were observed in total cholesterol, LDL, fasting glucose and insulin resistance.
The findings of this study suggest the impact of migration on cardiovascular risk is not uniform across risk factors. The study provides new insights into the increased disease risk associated with migration and urbanisation.


In order to elucidate major natural control on the diagenetic behaviour of arsenic in the sediments Port Kembla Harbour, a heavily industrialized port, vertical profiles of total and species of arsenic in porewater and total arsenic in different sediment solid phases and grain size fractions were measured. Four sediment solid phases were "operationally defined" as exchangeable, AVS, reducible and residual. Under an oxygen free atmosphere the samples were sliced to 2-cm thick layers and wet sieved to separate the sediment particles of < 63, > 63 and > 250 |4,m sizes. A four-step sequential extraction protocol was applied to these sieved samples to extract arsenic associated with these operationally defined solid phases. Arsenic distributions are typically characterized by sub surface maxima in the porewater and in the solid. These sub surface maxima occur at redox transition zones at which total Fe declines. These patterns reflect a strong redox coupling between As and Fe. In the sediment surface arsenic probably associates with Fe-oxyhydroxide that dissolves upon burial at the redox transition zone, leaving high porewater As and low solid Fe in this zone. The dissolved As diffuses upwards, then depending on the prevailing redox condition in surface sediment allows for the As fraction to either diffuses to overlying water (under mildly reducing conditions) or remains in the porewater and precipitates (under mildly oxidizing condition). [As]Porewater and [Pis]soiid concentrations generally increase with increasing distance from the Darcy Road Drain which parallels with the increase in fine grain content of the sediments. This pattern reflects an important role of the drain effluent in distributing arsenic and material in the Port Kembla Harbour. The fine grain fraction


A presentation for the research entitled Las Aporias Fundamentales del Periodo Novohispano is developed by pointing out the kind of rationality and discourse that characterizes Mexican philosophy. Established, according to the author, in the 16th century, Mexican philosophy cannot be understood without appealing to the Nahuatl worldview, to the humanism of the Renaissance, to medieval scholasticism –specially the Aritotelian-Thomistic tradition– and to the modern and nominalist model of science. The approach towards problems and the attention given to details are characteristics of Mexican philosophy, which is presented as an aporetic knowledge that mainly focuses on political and juridical problems that rose since the Spanish Conquest.


Traditional Earth modeling practice uses 3D-geocellular grids to represent reservoir volumes. The gridding parameters are required to be estimated upfront, often difficult to infer and commonly hastily set. Often, little thought is given in geocellular parameterization to the appropriateness of the specified cellular dimensions and layering styles, which makes it a time consuming and costly trial-and-error exercise or a compromise. We present a new technology that resolves many common geocellular parameterization and modeling issues by first generating grid-less 3D property models within a sealed structural framework. The geological properties within a volume of subsurface are represented by distributing a plurality of data points in the absence of the grid with the notion of geological continuity and directionality given by a maximum continuity field (MCF). In many depositional systems, changes exist in the local direction of maximum continuity; however, traditional variogram implementation assumes a single maximum direction of continuity. Our method supports defining both a local direction of maximum continuity and the associated correlation distance without a standard grid. We validate and benchmark technology by modeling the permeability distribution in a synthetic, complex fluvial system, and combining a set of user-defined MCFs and control well-data points. Finally, we present the method for Assisted Property Modeling that provides the ability to build, create and edit MCF vector maps quickly, insert instantly and interactively guidelines corresponding to dominant geological continuity of any shape and works with a number of different underlying estimation and simulation methods to create reservoir properties.


This article shows the impact of innovation in the field of construction technology on the urban environment development. The issue of the prospects for the use of the innovative technologies' specific types in construction is considered. The expert opinions' analysis results on the need and possibility of applying innovations in construction are shown.


Nowadays innocence inference has become a generally recognized human right and a basic principle in criminal judicature all over the world. But in our country ,because of some historical reasons, this principle has not completely been exersised in criminal suit. Although it is used in some degree, a perfect law of innocence inference has not been established. In order to help to better understand the connotation of innocence inference, this article gives this priciple an explanalion and analization of its historical origin, connotation, contents and its regulations and demands.


Magnetocaloric effect in magnetic refrigeration has been analyzed by using thermodynamic theory.The formulae of magnetic entropy change |ΔSm| and adiabatic temperature change ΔTad have been deduced.The selection principle of magnetic refrigerant materials has been given.


Summary form only given. Multiphoton confocal microscopy with extremely short (10 fs) optical pulses requires reflective optics, and ultimately requires control of the spatial wavefront in order to achieve diffraction-limited performance. We have demonstrated the use of a deformable mirror to adaptively optimize the focusing of a 10-fs pulse in an imaging geometry. We optimize the second harmonic generation or two-photon fluorescence signal from our sample using a feedback loop based on a genetic algorithm. To improve the speed of the convergence of our algorithm we use a Zernike orthogonal basis to control the deformable mirror.


This paper studies stochastic power control problems over a fading channel, where the transmitter randomly harvests renewable energies from environment and stores them in a battery for future data transmissions. Moreover, data packets are assumed to arrive at the data queue of transmitter with constant rate μ. To incorporate delay quality-of-service guarantees, two delay constraint models are separately considered, namely average delay model with maximum average delay constraint and statistical delay model with maximum delay outage probability constraint. Under each delay constraint model, the stochastic power control problem aims at maximizing μ considering the randomness of channel fading and energy harvesting (EH) processes. The resulting optimization problems can be formulated as infinite-horizon Markov decision processes. Under average delay model, the optimal power control policy needs to keep track of current data queue-length state in addition to the battery state. On the other hand, under statistical delay model, a sufficiently large queue-length region is assumed, hence, the optimal policy does not depend on the data queue-length state. We study various structural properties of the optimal control policies and develop online power control algorithms that converge to the optimal solutions without requiring statistical knowledge of channel fading and EH processes. By defining and learning the so-called post-decision state-value functions, the proposed learning algorithms require less complexity and converge faster than the conventional reinforcement learning algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the online learning algorithms for different delay constraint models and EH settings.


"Itisapoorsortofmemorythatonlyworksbackwards".The Queen to Alice in 'Through the Looking Glass'.Lewis Carol. Ch 5; Wool and Water.There is no single event, no 'Big Bang', that demarcatesthe beginning of pathology as a defined area of interest forearly medical practitioners. In fact, the history of pathologyhas roots in common with all other medical specialties,arising in antiquity when men reasoned about the physicalailments that afflicted them. For obvious reasons, thosegross features of disease that were directly visible, either inlife, or after death in funereal preparations, came first tonotice. In addition, over the last century, archaeologicaldiscoveries increasingly have been linked with palaeopa-thological investigations, furnishing a wealth of observa-tions of gross external features of disease, from prehistoricpeoples to the present time. As a result, museums aroundthe world contain marble and terra cotta statues expressingprocesses that can now be interpreted as examples ofhernias, breast tumours, varicose veins, ulcers and otherdiseases.Documentation of disease really begins with Egyptianmedicine, where the most important sources are the EdwinSmith Papyrus (17th century BC) and Papyrus Ebers (about1550 BC). These records contain information on differenttypes of bone injuries, trachoma (Nile valley), ulceratinglumps (cancer?), parasites and other diseases. However,despite the many thousands of ritualistic and painstakingembalmings during nearly 5,000 years of successiveEgyptian dynasties, these surviving papyri contain only aslender body of information on pathological anatomy.Today, we know from recent investigations of mummiesthat bone tumours and tuberculosis of the spine occurred inAncient Egypt, as well as atherosclerosis, gallstones andabscesses, yet there is little evidence that the Egyptiansdeveloped any systematic knowledge of these phenomena.It was not until the last three centuries BC that theAlexandrian Greeks, heavily influenced by Hippocrates,made lasting contributions to anatomy and pathologyThe ideas related to Hippocrates of Cos (460–370? BC)and his school had an enormous impact on Greek andRoman medicine. With his humoural theory of the nature ofdisease, Hippocrates influenced medicine until the Renais-sance, and beyond. Despite the flaws of this theory,Hippocratic writers left remarkably clear descriptions ofmany pathological features, such as wound inflammation,tumours, haemorrhoids, malaria and tuberculosis (Fig. 1).Animal dissection was practised in this time, but humandissection was not part of medical practice. Similarcircumstances apply to Aristotle (384–322), who can beconsidered as one the founders of zoology. The firstdissections of humans are attributed to the Alexandrian


Indian corporate sector has experienced a paradigm shift over the last two decades with the initiation of certain measures of financial liberalisation. As a result of these policy changes, the ratio of Indian FDI outflows to Indian FDI inflows has increased significantly since 2000. An increasing trend in the purchases of firms or assets abroad is also observed since 2000, for various reasons. Against this background, an attempt has been made in this paper to discuss about its impact on the Indian corporate sector during 1990-2010.


In this paper,the phenol-degrading strain was immobilized on sodium alginate.The optimal immobilization conditions were determined by single factor experiment as follows: sodium alginate of 3.0%,CaCl2 of 4.0%,amount of wet strain of 0.4 g.The optimum conditions for immobilized cell degrading phenol were as follows:temperature of 30℃,pH value of 7.0,NaCl mass concentration lower than 2.5%.The results showed that the degradation performance and tolerance of immobilized cells for phenol were apparently superoir to those of free cells.When 800 mg·L-1 of phenol was degraded by immobilized cell for 48 h,its degradation rate reached over 99%.


This paper reviews some application scenarios for transmitting MPEG-4 encoded video over wireless networks. These include side information or interactive services in digital terrestrial video broadcast (DVB-T), audio-visual information over in-home networks and digital video over DAB (digital audio broadcast system). For the first two applications the "Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework (DMIF)" is investigated, while for the latter application encapsulation of MPEG-4 streams in MPEG-2 transport streams (TS) and appropriate preprocessing are considered.


The abundant resources of coconut coir in Indonesia, especially a tiny village in Kulon Progo district, namely Kadigunung, hadn't been used before this research. It was thrown away and mostly just burned by the villagers. Even though it can be used to become natural organic fertilizer for agriculture, most of the population members are making a living as farmers. But there is a problem when processing to make the fertilizer, and it is the use of conventional manner to crush the coconut coir into cocopeat and coco fibre. So they needed appropriate technology and crusher machines. It is a gasoline-powered crushing device with 5.5 hp and 2000 rpm. It has 21 moving and 12 fixed blades. The research data were obtained by digital tachometer and sound level meter measurements. Other data were also measured by formula calculation. The results of this research involved the data of fuel consumption, the machine's capacity, depreciation of raw coconut coir, noise level, linear v-belt velocity, and rpm of the blade shaft. They were 1.8 L, 0.05 kg, 99.3 dB, 2π m/s, and 330 rpm, respectively. So it can be inferred that the crushing machine is a good performance.


In many works, the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann operator is considered to behave essentially as a fractional Laplacian. In the present work, we prove that the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann operator with Maxwellian molecules is exactly equal to a fractional power of the linearized Landau operator which is the sum of the harmonic oscillator and the spherical Laplacian. This result allows to display explicit sharp coercive estimates satisfied by the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann operator for both Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian molecules.


Plane-wave density functional theory and extended Huckel calculations have been used to study the adsorption of acetylene and hydrogen on the (111) surface planes of Pd, Pt, Ni, and Rh. In agreement with previous experimental and computational studies, atomic hydrogen is found to preferentially adsorb in a 3-fold hollow site on each metal surface, although the potential-energy surface for hydrogen binding is apparently rather flat. Differences in the adsorption behavior of acetylene on the four surfaces are more pronounced. An adsorption structure in which C2H2 is oriented above a 3-fold hollow, with its axis parallel to but tilted away from a metal−metal bond, is computed to be most stable on Pd, Pt, and Rh. On Ni(111), acetylene is found to strongly adsorb above two contiguous hollow sites, with its molecular plane perpendicular to the surface and bisecting a Ni−Ni bond. The anomalous adsorption behavior on Ni is explained using the crystal orbital Hamilton population formalism. Calculated C2H2 adsorpti...


Computation of accurate hydrogen bonding energies in peptides is of great importance in understanding the conformational stabilities of peptides. In this paper, the intramolecular 8- and 12-membered ring N–H…O=C hydrogen bonding energies in β-peptide structures were evaluated. The optimal structures of the β-peptide conformers were obtained using MP2/6-31G(d) method. The MP2/6-311++G(d,p) calculations were then carried out to evaluate the single-point energies. The results show that the intramolecular 8-membered ring N–H…O=C hydrogen bonding energies in the five β-dipeptide structures β-di, β-di-R1, β-di-R2, β-di-R3, and β-di-R4 are -5.50, -5.40, -7.28, -4.94, and -6.84 kcal/mol with BSSE correction, respectively; the intramolecular 12-membered ring N–H…O=C hydrogen bonding energies in the nine β-tripeptide structures β-tri, β-tri-R1, β-tri-R2, β-tri-R3, β-tri-R4, β-tri-R1', β-tri-R2', β-tri-R3' and β-tri-R4' are -10.23, -10.32, -9.53, -10.30, -10.32, -10.55, -10.09, -10.51, and -9.60 kcal/mol with BSSE correction, respectively. Our calculation results further indicate that for the intramolecular 8-membered ring hydrogen bondings, the structures where the orientation of the side chain methyl group is "a–a" have stronger intramolecular hydrogen bondings than those where the orientation of the side chain methyl group is "e–e", while for the intramolecular 12-membered ring hydrogen bondings, the structures where the orientation of the side chain methyl group is "e–e" have stronger intramolecular hydrogen bondings than those where the orientation of the side chain methyl group is "a–a". The method is also applied to estimate the individual intermolecular hydrogen bonding energies in the dimers of amino-acetaldehyde, 2-amino-acetamide, 2-oxo-acetamide, and oxalamide, each dimer having two identical intermolecular hydrogen bonds. According to our method, the individual intermolecular hydrogen bonding energies in the four dimers are calculated to be -1.71, -1.50, -4.67, and -3.22 kcal/mol at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level, which are in good agreement with the values of -1.84, -1.72, -4.93, and -3.26 kcal/mol predicted by the supermolecular method.


The potential use of Microsoft Visio in the development of variant industrial design software was introduced,such as facility layout, product design, product line design, etc. Through development of a facility layout software for shoe companies, the strong graphic modeling ability and graphic control ability of Visio is proved to be of great use to improve the software performance.


The purpose of this paper is to question the mission of universities explicitly undertake vocational training, not to mention their vocational task. He broke methodologically of an inquiry into official statements of several public and private universities in the country noting that none of them mentioned the vocation as part of the institutional mission. In contrast, authors who have addressed the vocation as the foundation of a college education and a truly productive life were consulted; instead of the profession as a mere preparation for the labor market and the exploitation of labor alienating university. The primary contribution is sought is to invite university academics to reflect on the need to rescue the vocation as a call conscious development of human potential to turn them into acting abilities. After all, college are responsible for their educational privilege, to lead society worthy paths, and the culture of vocation is the natural way for this mission.


Time-resolved spectroscopies using intense THz pulses appear as a promising tool to address collective electronic excitations in condensed matter. In particular recent experiments showed the possibility to selectively excite collective modes emerging across a phase transition, as it is the case for superconducting and charge-density-wave (CDW) systems. One possible signature of these excitations is the emergence of coherent oscillations of the differential probe field in pump-probe protocols. While the analogy with the case of phonon modes suggests that the basic underlying mechanism should be a sum-frequency stimulated Raman process, a general theoretical scheme able to describe the experiments and to define the relevant optical quantity is still lacking. Here we provide this scheme by showing that coherent oscillations as a function of the pump-probe time delay can be linked to the convolution in the frequency domain between the squared pump field and a Raman-like non-linear optical kernel. This approach is applied and discussed in few paradigmatic examples: ordinary phonons in an insulator, and collective charge and Higgs fluctuations across a superconducting and a CDW transition. Our results not only account very well for the existing experimental data in a wide variety of systems, but they also offer an useful perspective to design future experiments in emerging materials.


The development of the traditional infrastructure of any country would facilitate and enhance information society. However, inadequate infrastructural development, poor economic and social access, slow adoption of new technology and limited technical know-how are some dilemma plaguing ICT application and implementation in the Nigeria context. This paper therefore, is poised toward addressing these issues and proffering recommendations with the aim of supporting government efforts, increasing the efficiency of social service delivery and raising economic efficiency and cost reduction in ICT related mechanism. It is hoped that ICT applications and usage would lead to systemic growth, economic development, and the provision of socio-economic sustainability in Nigeria.


During the last 50 years there have been published several books on churches and sects which, mostly under the leadership of a so-called prophet, have detached themselves from the historical churches and established their own organisations. In the first place there ought to be mentioned here the books of Bengt Sundkler on South Africa, of K. Schlosser on South and South-West Africa, of F. B. Welbourn on East Africa, and of Anderson on the Congo. Now Professor Christian Baeta's essay on similar phenomena in Ghana has been added to this group. The author is Ewe-born. For several decades he has been in the service of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church; at present he is Head of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Ghana. After an introductory note, the following 'spiritual churches' are dealt with: the Church of the Twelve Apostles, the Musama Disco Christo Church, the Saviour Church, the Apostolic Revelation Society, and the Prayer and Healing Group of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church at Etodome. Several less important sects are also treated. A critical conclusion is followed by a select bibliography and an appendix containing the English translation of eight documents of several separatist churches. The principal value of this book is that it represents the first accurate inventory of such phenomena in a West African country. It describes many characteristics they have in common with similar institutions in other parts of Africa. In Ghana, as elsewhere, a self-styled prophet has usually been responsible for the separation. He feels that his vocation has been made known to him by a special act of God. Visions and voices play an important part, and special significance is attached to the directness of communication with the Holy Spirit. The followers are united by a very intense spiritual life. It is highly emotional, but well regulated all the same. The Bible is its binding code. In these churches, the Old and the New Testament are thought to be of equal value and importance. Sometimes they are interpreted quite wilfully. The healing of the sick is a very important factor for nearly all of them.


As arthroscopic cruciate techniques have developed, procedures that result in significantly decreased morbidity have become more attractive. From a biomechanic perspective, taking both the semitendinosus and gracilis and using both in a double-looped technique has appeared to significantly increase the strength of the reconstruction. At the present time the Southern California Orthopedic and Sports Medical Group is not augmenting these reconstructions with extraarticular reconstruction. The author's technique is presented in this article.


Applications bioinspired by sea urchins and spongy bone are described herein. First, a bioinspired protocol is implemented for development of a bioinspired sediment sampler based on a progression through four broad categories that include biology, materials science, bioinspiration and bioexploration. First, the sea urchin mouthpiece, Aristotle's lantern, and its open and close mechanism was observed for examination of the natural biological structure. Second, the Aristotle's lantern and tooth microstructure were analyzed in further detail with several materials science characterization methods. Third, a sediment sampler bioinspired by the open and close mechanism of the Aristotle's lantern was designed and fabricated through an iterative prototyping process. Fourth, engineering analysis methods were used to explain why a tooth reinforcing keel structure evolved in the biology of modern sea urchins. Our bioinspired protocol was therefore a circular rather than linear process. The biology initially guided the bioinspired design to a typical endpoint, however, further analysis of a specific aspect of the bioinspired tooth design helped justify how the biology evolved.Magnetic field assisted ice templating, also known as magnetic freeze casting, was used to align surface magnetized ceramic particles in water into chains to make multi-axis strengthened porous scaffolds bioinspired by spongy bone. Magnetized particles aligned in the ice crystal growth direction and into chains that formed lamellar walls in the applied transverse magnetic field direction during the magnetic freeze casting process. Aligned lamellar walls in the axis transverse to the ice crystal growth direction stiffened the porous scaffold similarly to spongy bone with multi-axis aligned porosity. Magnetized particle chain alignment in the scaffold center during magnetic freeze casting depended on several factors, including magnetic field strength, magnetized particle moment, particle size, length of time before freezing, slurry temperature and slurry concentration. Magnetic freeze casting was done with different magnetized alumina particle sizes and morphologies followed by mechanical compression in different axes. Magnetic freeze casting with a lower applied magnetic field for larger magnetized hydroxyapatite particles was implemented based on preliminary empirical findings and agreed with predictive equations based on theory. Radial strengthening by shrink wrapping scaffolds with a biodegradable polymer was bioinspired by keratin based porcupine quills which have a cortex sheath wrapped around a closed cell foam. The porous scaffold microstructure was strengthened by infiltration with a dual network hydrogel that bound to phosphate in the hydroxyapatite lamellar walls to make an interconnected composite structure bioinspired by spongy bone.


An ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber (MA) based on the resistive film is proposed. Unlike conventional MAs based on the resistive film, the proposed absorber features a hybrid resonant layer of resistive film and metal patch at the same top layer. The absorption of the proposed absorber exceeds 90% over the ultra-wideband frequency range of 20 –220 THz, covering most of the infrared region, while the relative absorption bandwidth is up to 167%. The coupling of resistive film and metal pattern at the same layer plays the significant role in enhancing the absorption performance, which is interpreted by the investigation of the surface current distribution. Moreover, the absorber is insensitive to polarization and incident angle. The proposed absorber with high absorption capability as well as simple and compact structure is a proper candidate for the applications in the infrared frequency regime.


The influence of an internal catalyst on gassing rates, positive and negative polarizations, and float currents on VRLA batteries is discussed. Comparisons are made with control cells without catalyst. Questions concerning the impact of an internal catalyst on battery life and its long term stability are also addressed.


Abstract The South Africa real estate market is an important African real estate market, having attracted considerable investor interest in recent years; particularly from domestic real estate inve...


The article critically reinterprets the gender research methodology, it also represents a detailed problematic analysis of the attribution of "women's writing" and allied notions such as "feminine discourse" and "feminine writing" in terms of the theory of discourse. The notion of gender is understood as the one having a discursive basis, and thus it allows determining the boundaries between feminine and gender research technologies.


The aim of this study is investigation of the effect of sports on the level of happiness and socialization of university students. This study has been carried out between 2014-2015 academic year, in spring semester, at Adnan Menderes University, with the contribution of 196 (n=69 female, n=127 male) students from School of Physical Education and Sports, and 229 (n=148 female, n=81 male) students from Faculty of Education. For determining the happiness level of the students, Oxford Happiness Scale (OHS) which had been developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Dogan and Cotok (2011) was used. In order to determine the socialization level of the students, Socialization Scale (SS) which has been developed by Şahan (2007) was used. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) package software. While analyzing the data, Independent Sample t-test and One Way Anova test is used for determining the difference between the two approximate. At the end of the study, the students who are studying at physical education and sports university students are happier and more social than who study at the Faculty of Education (p<0.05). As a result, sport can be used as an effective tool to increase happiness and socialization level of university students.

Key Words: Sports, Happiness, Socialization, University students


The English Course is one of the foreign language courses that must be taught as a compulsory subject at school, especially in the Junior High School. It is more stressed on knowledge of the four standards of competence or the four language skills, without considering the ethical values contained in that four language skills. It means that the teaching and learning English, especially in speaking skills, should be taught not only in the cognitive skills, but also in the affective skills as well. The education regarding how language-speaking politely, considering the value of tolerance, sympathy, and empathy. So implementing politeness in the process of teaching English speaking skills is important. Politeness is the rules of conduct established and agreed upon jointly by a particular community so that politeness as well as be concluded by the prerequisite of social behavior. To cultivate politeness in English speaking class, the English teachers at Junior High Schools (SMP) can use the teaching strategy, such as Student wheels strategy. Student Wheels is adopted from Hadfield (in Sulistiyowati, 2009: 72-73) to get the students more active in speaking class and accustomed in using polite language. Using Student wheels, all students can get their roles in speaking because they have to interact each other by standing in two circles formed as wheels. In this strategy, all students use the expressions of English speaking thought by the teacher and they can accustom by themselves in implementing politeness in the classroom.


Thyroid nodules are common in the general population although prevalence data vary depending on the detection methodology employed, as well as the criteria used to define a nodule. A palpable 'solitary' nodule was present in 3.2% of women studied in the Whickham survey in the North East of England (Tunbridge et al., 1977); similarly the Framingham study in the USA found that 4.2% of the surveyed population of 5127 had a thyroid nodule (6.4% in females, 1.6% in males) (Yander et al., 1968). In the latter study, follow-up for 15 years revealed 67 new nodules, representing a rate of development of 1.4% over that period or approximately 0.1 YO per annum. In the region surrounding Chernobyl, in the former USSR, palpable nodules were present in 2.9% of 484 adult subjects (F. A. Mettler, personal communication). In general, clinically apparent nodules are more common in women than men, increase in frequency with age, and occur in 20-30% of a radiation exposed population. Nodular thyroid disease is, however, even more common than suggested by such clinical epidemiological surveys because nodules less than 1 cm in diameter cannot be reliably detected by palpation. A substantial proportion of people (up to 40%) who have clinically apparent solitary nodules on palpation have multiple nodules detected by ultrasound (Scheible et ul., 1979), and in approximately 55% of patients with nodules found at autopsy these are located in a nonpalpable area of the gland. Thus, ultrasound studies have shown that up to 30% of asymptomatic adults who have not been exposed to radiation may have thyroid nodules (Carroll, 1982; Stark et al., 1983; Hay et al., 1984; Woestyn et al., 1985), and autopsy data have revealed that up to 50% of adults have easily visible single or multiple nodules (Mortensen et nl., 1955). In contrast to this high prevalence of nodular thyroid disease, thyroid cancer is rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all new malignancies annually registered in England and Wales and less than 0.5% of all cancer deaths (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1975). Thyroid cancer is reported to have been found in only between 6 and 14% of single thyroid nodules selected for surgery on clinical


This paper aims to contribute to understand the role of entrepreneurship in fragile states, which despite the practical interest and relevance has been somewhat disregarded in academic research. Given the necessity to support policy formulation with appropriate and relevant measurement of entrepreneurship and the business environment, the primary focus in this paper is to scrutinise existing international indicators, in particular the World Bank Doing Business Indicators (DBIs) and ask whether they are able to capture entrepreneurial dynamics and constructively guide policy making towards entrepreneurship in fragile state. The paper argues that DBIs give a partial picture of the nexus between institutional context, policy reforms, entrepreneurship and economic development. In particular, DBIs analysis fails in addressing three pivotal aspects: first, the process through which individuals become entrepreneurs, second, industrial cooperative and competitive relationships both intersectoral and across different sectors of the economy, and third, the characteristics of workers employed in enterprises. Consequently, DBIs are not able to capture innovation and changing processes, and miss some pivotal features of both the internal and the external environment of the enterprise. The paper maintains that these shortcomings are particularly serious when referred to fragile countries and discusses how and to what extent DBIs lead to adverse-effect policy recommendations, being inadequate for policy planning in fragile areas.


Simple microwave irradation escalating the luminance efficiency for the commercial phosphor powders is reported. Geometrical variation of the particles from irregular to spherical shape is simultaneously achieved, encouraging an efficient screen‐printed phosphor deposition. Particle size reduction following the microwave surface modification gives consdierably improved luminescence efficiecy.


Measuring quality costs is becoming an increasingly more important task for accountants. This is especially true in light of new definitions and goals of quality programs, which are primarily to produce goods and services with zero defects while preventing problems, improving reliablity and eliminating waste. This article examines how accountants can provide cost information using the traditional quality cost model along with expected value techniques so that managers may make more effective decisions to accomplish these goals.


The operation of breast cancer has undergone a complicated process from local resection to extended resection,and then from extended resection to local.At present,there are several problems about the operation of breast cancer,such as selection of operation modality and incision,skin flap dissociation,axillary dessection and axillary nerves protect,and so on.This article introduces some wethods to resolve above mentioned problems.


In this paper, a method of the complex object modeling for FDTD electromagnetic simulation using the Microsoft DirectX is proposed. the proposed procedure uses the DirectX to load the model from a CAD file and get the scale、materials、mesh(an object made up of a set of polygonal faces)of the object directly. Then a series of tracing rays to the model from two or more sides are shot, by analyzing the points of intersections, whether or not the tentative cell lying inside the model is determined, after recording the result along with the electromagnetic parameter got from the materials, the FDTD geometry-electromagnetic model is given. Finally, we compute the scattering behavior of conducting sphere using the FDTD model generated from this procedure, and more, some modeling results are presented.


Background: Menstrual hygiene and menstruationrelated problems such as dymenorrhoea are issues that have reproductive health and overall wellbeing implications especially for adolescents. These have not been given adequate attention especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the adolescents' knowledge and perception, hygiene practices and prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in an urban setting. Methods: This was a community-based, crosssectional, study. A total of 340 respondents selected by multistage sampling were interviewed from 5 wards in Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. A pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection Results: Overall, 275 (81.1%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of menstruation. The mothers were the first source of information for 159 (46.9%) of the subjects. The majority of the respondents (96.2%) had a positive attitude to menstruation. Sanitary pad was the menstrual absorbent used by 261 (77%) of the respondents. About half of them (52.8%) changed their menstrual absorbents thrice daily and most of them (64%) disposed of these absorbents by throwing them in the household waste. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was high (69.9%) though it did not interfere with their school activities or work. Conclusion: Adolescents have demonstrated good knowledge of menstruation with some unsafe practices. Carefully designed messages and interventions can be employed to further improve their knowledge and hygiene practices.


Background.— Literature conflicts regarding dental caries risk in cystic fibrosis (CF) relative to controls. Methods.— Prospective, observational study of age-related heterogeneity in caries rates and potential risk factors in CF patients ages 6–20 at a single clinic in Washington state (N=85). Caries rates for enrolled CF participants and historical controls from NHANES were compared using cubic spline regression models. Generalized linear regression models identified correlates of age and caries within CF. Results.— Children ages 6–9 with CF had significantly lower caries than controls (Holm's P<0.05). There was no difference for ages 10–20 by CF status (Holm's P>0.05). Eight biological/ intraoral, medical, and behavioral factors were associated Conclusions.— Younger children with CF may be protected from caries, but there is apparent loss of protection in early adolescence associated with multiple risk factors. Additional research is needed to elucidate the oral-systemic relationship in individuals with CF.


This is a review of Laurel Richardson's book, Lone Twin: A True Story of Loss and Found. The book is powerful – a must-read. Laurel's stories, questions, knowings, and unknowings offer an insightful narrative around her personal and significant relationships, eliciting an evocative opportunity for self-reflection. It will leave you feeling a strong sense of connectedness; possibly to something missing or perhaps something found?


Introduction: Exploratory laparotomy is routinely performed emergency surgery. Wound dehiscence is the most serious postoperative complications associated with high morbidity and mortality with incidence of 0.4%-3.5% and mortality of 10%-45%. By transmitting closing forces at the edge of fascia to the different abdominal layers using non-absorbable suture incidence of wound dehiscence can be reduced and retention sutures is one of the recommended technique for same. The aim of this study was to assess the reduced rate of dehiscence in midline laparotomy using prophylactic retention sutures in high-risk patients. Objectives 1) To perform normal wound closure in control group. 2) To perform prophylactic retention suture in intervention group. 3) To compare efficacy of the retention suture in prevention of wound dehiscence. Methods: 50 patients who had undergone emergency exploratory laparotomy in the Department of General Surgery between the study period of October 2018 and September 2019 were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groupsGroup A (Interventional Group) and Group B (control Group). Results: WD occurred in 10 patients (40%) in the intervention group and 12 control patients (48%). There was no significant difference in wound infection between the two groups. Post operative pain based on VAS score on POD was found to be 5 in majority of the patients with mean SF6 88.6 and mean hospital stay of 13.2 days of in the intervention group which was 3, mean SF 36 of 92.3 and hospital stay of 10.6 days in control group. Conclusion: Prophylactic retention sutures reduce the occurrence of WD following midline laparotomy in high-risk patients with multiple risk factors for impaired wound healing.


In Monell v. Department of Social Services1 the United States Su preme Court embarked on a new trail into the heretofore forbidden realm of municipal liability for the deprivation of constitutional rights of individuals. The opinion, overruling Monroe v. Pape,2 an swered many questions regarding future actions that may be brought against local governmental organizations for their alleged "consti tutional torts"; however, the Supreme Court left as many unan swered questions with which the federal and state courts have had to deal in the two-year period since the decision. This article focuses on three of those unanswered questions dealing with the elemental parts of a cause of action under Section 1983:3 the continued viabil ity of the Bivens cause of action arising directly under the Consti tution, the parameters of official policy, rule, custom or usage which


This invention relates to a feed-back active noise-elimination earphone composed of head, a phase shift filter, an amplifier and a loudspeaker, among which, noise and music received by the head subtract the music signals output by the audio amplifier to get pure noises to be laminated with music signals, then the high and low frequencies are filtered out by a phase shift filter and the rest is amplified by the audio amplifier and inverted to drive the loud speaker so as to cancel outside noises. This invention applies a feed-back active closed-loop noise-elimination theory to design filter, phase shift, amplification and compensation circuits and reforms the physical structure, arrangement of feed-back loop, and selection of the device and earphone materials.


To investigate the spatial distribution of various stellar groups in the HertzsprungRussell diagram, it is necessary to have homogeneous observational data of MK spectral classification and photometry. This enables us to perform some statistical analyses with sufficient accuracy. This paper reports BV photographic photometry of about 700 stars complete to my = 12, in the direction of galactic anticenter with (l,b) = (169°,—12.4°), (178°, -2.4°), (184°, 8.9°). For the MK spectral data we used the catalogue by Bartaya and Kharadze (1992), which contains spectral and luminosity classes of 6042 stars in Kapteyn Areas Nos. 44-67. The observational data for this catalogue were obtained using the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory 70 cm meniscus telescope and an 8°objective prism with dispersion 166 Amm 1 near H7. The errors in classification are equal to ± 0.6 spectral subclasses and ± 0.5 luminosity classes, with a limiting magnitude of my — 12.5.


The article describes the characteristics of the psychodiagnostic method of the the lead representational system. The presented diagnostic technique of the the lead representational system is aimed at studying the degree of development of the visual, auditory and kinesthetic channels of perception. The reliability and validity of the methodology are empirically proven. The article presents psychometric characteristics of the developed methods and stimulus material. Keywords: lead representational system, channels of perception, psychodiagnostics, audial, visual, kinesthetic representational systems.


As the market economy develops rapidly, the country's administrative problem-solving mechanism has seen itself increasingly out of function facing the growing complexity of economic disputes related to the social public interest. The raise of EPGP not only breaks through the narrowness of the PROCEDURE LAW in terms of its mere focus upon protecting private interests, but also goes beyond the tranditional litigation. This article will provide new advice and suggestions for the establishment of an independent, consummate EPGP system in China by introducing and analyzing the EPGP's concept, characteristics and significances.


The energy metabolism of newborn dogs subjected to anoxia was investigated by simultaneous direct and indirect calorimetry before, during and after anoxic episodes. In all 12 experiments the decrease in rectal temperature, heat loss, calculated heat production and post anoxic oxygen consumption provided incontrovertable evidence for a significant decrease in the rate of energy turnover during anoxia. With 9 or more minutes of anoxia at 29°C ambient temperature there was at least a 50% decrease in the rate of heat production. During longer anoxic intervals of 16 minutes at 20°C, heat production decreased to 80% of control values, and yet complete recovery occurred.The concept of an anoxic oxygen debt was extended to encompass situations with changing rates of heat production by defining an oxygen debt in terms of the difference between direct and indirect calorimetry. The oxygen debt incurred (anoxic heat production ranged from 250 to 770 cal/kg) and the oxygen debt paid back (excess of indirect calorimetry over direct calorimetry) during the recovery period agreed within 12% (r=0.7). Identical studies on newborn kittens, rabbits and rats confirmed that in neonatal anoxia a progressive decrease in the metabolic rate of more than 70% is compatible with survival.


type="main" xml:id="ecin12247-abs-0001"> We use a survey experiment on a sample of Argentine households to elicit willingness to contribute toward improving the performance of public school students in international educational assessments. Households are presented with a sequence of bids that they can accept or reject. Information is presented in vignettes that vary in the proportion of children who benefited from the gains in educational attainment. We find a higher willingness to contribute for larger gains. In total, households would be willing to contribute an additional 12.8% of current educational expenditure to guarantee improved education quality. (JEL I22, I25, C83, H52)


The present work provides the conditional mathematic expectation rule in order to analyze the sampling reconstruction procedure of a Nonstationary process in the presence of jitter. Beta function is studied as a representation of jitter distribution. The sampled process is Markovian Gaussian. The error reconstruction function is investigated for nonstationary regime.


As the doyen of the studies on the Chinese Overseas, Professor Wang Gungwu has played an instrumental role in the development of this emerging field of scholarly enquiries. This essay focuses on his research methodologies and the formation and characteristics of his bi\|focalism: the revolving concern over the regions of China and Southeast Asia and the simultaneous positioning as a detached analyst and involved participant. His training in Sinological tradition, changing socio\|political environments in Southeast Asia within which he has spent better part of his life, and his keen observations from different angles on the multi\|dimensional facets of the Chinese overseas societies have all contributed to the making of his mythologies, which in turn has had an impact on the whole field.


The authors of this paper would like to thank the School of Public
Health, Al Quds University in Palestine. As well as, the authors would
like to thank both the all participants of this study, the field workers, the
Municipality of Yatta, and the higher education ethical committee of Al
Quds University.


Bronze drums have a long history in China and South-East Asia.A large number of ancient bronze drums found in Vietnam provided valuable information for the production technique of bronze drums.97 samples of ancient bronze drums and other artifacts from Vietnam are examined by optical microscopy and some of them under Scanning Electron Microscopy observation.The result shows that all of them were cast.The microstructures have some changes in different kinds of samples in accordance with different cooling rate and contents of Cu,Tin and Pb.7 samples of them have microstructures of hot forging and cold hammering after cast,indicating that they are ancient artifacts ancient.The microstructure of Vietnam bronze drums are the same with Chinese ones,which provides an important information on exchanges and dissemination of bronze casting technology as well as bronze culture between Vietnam and China in ancient times.


The paper elaborated the implementation status of hierarchical use of nursing staff in China and claimed that the advantages of hierarchical use were rational distribution of nursing human resources,improvement of nursing quality and patients satisfaction,strengthening of communication between nurses and doctors,propelling the development of nursing research and nursing education.However,there were some difficulties during the course of implementation,such as shortage of nurses,lack of awareness,and lack of quatitative indicators of evaluation standards.So nursing managers need to develop a targeted management system to ensure it better application in the clinical.


In this study, under the scope of the concept of sustainable development conceptualized in recent years accompanied by the concept of human-centered development, the CittaSlow (SlowCity) movement arising from the "Slow Food" philosophy will be discussed as an alternative to local sustainable development. Throughout the study, the method of documentary resource analysis and the technic of collecting information through publications for the documents are used. The development phenomenon which cannot focused on humanity and is satisfied with the results obtained in the economic indicators, has diverged from being sustainable. Sustainable development is no longer an objective of economic growth, but a concept that includes multidimensional and simultaneous objectives based on human development. The overall effect of the result is to ensure the common life welfare. The national targets are divided into local parts and the success of the local is remarkable in achieving the objectives. In this sense, concepts for local sustainable development are being formed and systems are developed within the framework of these concepts. Local sustainable development may be possible with sustainable cities. Of course, each CittaSlow city can determine how it handles its unique textures, and depending upon its differences, can plan certain activities that go beyond the list outlined above. The financial support of these activities can be obtained from local and international funding sources such as European Union Grant Programs, Development Agency Support Programs.


Three Down Granular Medicine is a kind of granular medicine, using Auricularia auricula as main raw material, added with hawthorn fruit, licorice root and so on. Its main efficacy is to lower high blood lipid?high blood sugar and high blood pressure. The results from pharmacological experiments and clinical observation showed that the medicine could significantly reduce serum CHO?TG and LDL, the total effective efficiency was 87.2%? 83.0% and 72.2% respectively. And it could also lower the blood sugar and urine sugar of the diabetics with a total effective efficiency of 81.3%.


In this paper, an accurate semi-symbolic analysis method based on polynomial interpolation techniques for large non-ideal switched linear networks (SC and SI) is presented. For the computation of frequency responses, the semi-symbolic method demonstrates significant improvements in speed over direct numerical methods and this increases with circuit size. It is shown that semi-symbolic techniques can be used in the computation of noise for circuits containing a limited number of clock waveforms, but the performance rapidly deteriorates with network size. Examples demonstrate the comparative speed and accuracy performance over a range of circuits.


Proteolytic activity was demonstrated in each of the midgut lumen content (MLC) and midgut wall (MW) of the mated unfed and fed female and male Ornithodoros erraticus. In both midgut compartments proteinase activity levels increased after feeding to reach at their peaks about double times the levels in the unfed controls. The peak levels of the proteolytic activity were attained on 1 and 1 – 2 days after feeding (daf) in the MLC (48 and 31.10 – 32.63 µg alanine ×10³/ min/ mg gut content) and on 5 – 6 and 5 – 7 daf in the MW (196.33 – 200.33 and 156.80 – 161.23 µg alanine ×10³/ min/ mg tissue) in the female and male tick, respectively. However, the proteolytic activity in the MLC was much lower than that in the MW of all the corresponding physiological states studied, and represented about one fourth and one fifth of it at the peak activity levels in the female and male tick, respectively. Generally, proteolytic activity was higher in the female than male ticks in the unfed and up to the 2 nd daf in the MLC and in all the corresponding examined states in the MW throughout the period of study (20 daf). Changes in the level of proteolytic activity in each midgut compartment of the female and male ticks infected with Borrelia crocidurae followed almost the same pattern in the uninfected controls. However, the level was lower in the MW of Borrelia infected ticks than uninfected ones throughout most (2–20 daf) of the period of study. The present results were discussed and conclusions conformed to the view of intracellular proteolytic digestion of blood meal in the MW, but did not exclude a possible role of extracellular proteolytic digestion in the MLC.


High status group members discriminate against racial outgroup members when they can justify their behaviours and their decision (Dovidio & Gaertner, 1998). By the justification process, people can both protect their egalitarian values and their nonprejudiced self-image (Crandall & Eshleman, 2003). Prior research has shown the use of justification when foreign applicants had ambiguous qualifications (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000) or when they were considered as fitting little with the job or with the organization (Esses & al., 2006). But the justification processes remain unclear: what kind of information people use to justify dismiss of an outgroup applicant? We addressed this particular question by asking participants to evaluate both ingroup members (Belgians) and outgroup members (North-Africans) and assume that participants will discriminate against the outgroup members as soon they can use an information, whatever neutral it is. This neutral information was the applicant's spare-time activity, either connected to national politics or to international politics. Control participants did not receive any information about spare-time activity. We measured discrimination, job fit (i.e. the extent to which applicant's skills and motivation fit a specific job), organization fit (i.e. the extent to which applicants match the broader attributes of the organization) and spare-time fit (i.e. the extent to which the applicants' hobby is likely to influence the perception of the participants). Results have shown that participants discriminate against North-Africans in interracial hiring situations as soon as they can justify their greater hiring of Belgian applicants and their greater rejection of north-African applicants through the use of neutral information.. But when no information is provided at all, then participants cannot justify their choice in other factor than race and therefore they don't not discriminate. Conclusions about the way people use information to justify their hiring or their dismissing and the nature of justifications are drawn.


This paper discusses inertia,which exists in everything in the world.Inertia can be shown in various forms.The essence of inertia is the stability of things.Many things in the world can be explained with inertia.Inertia exists in teaching too.It is very important for improving teaching to apply inertia reasonably.


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Environmental contextWater contamination by antibiotics and heavy metals entails potential risks to both the environment and human health. Composite materials based on MgAl-layered double hydroxides and biochar simultaneously adsorbed the toxic sulfamethoxazole and CrVI metal species. These findings indicate that biochar/metal hydroxide composites could be valuable adsorbents for the simultaneous removal of trace antibiotics and metals from water.
AbstractWater contamination by antibiotics and heavy metals has drawn wide attention because of the potential risks it poses to both the environment and human health. In this study, a series of adsorbents was successfully synthesised based on MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and biochar (BC) derived from Pennisetum sinese Roxb. The batch adsorption experiment results showed that the obtained composites could effectively adsorb trace sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and CrVIsimultaneously. The simultaneous adsorption of trace SMX and CrVI are well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. Characterisation of the composites after adsorption showed that the composites adsorbed SMX mainly by π-π bonds, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Electrostatic interaction, anion exchange, intraparticle diffusion and hydrogen bonding are the main mechanisms for CrVI adsorption onto the composites. This study indicates that the biochar/MgAl layered double hydroxide composites are promising adsorbents for the simultaneous removal of trace antibiotics and CrVI.


The comparatively recent introduction of digital transmission provides superior video and audio quality and increased capabilities for new services. However, for many years broadcast stations and networks have been transitioning to digital systems for various aspects of production and distribution. The introduction of digital TV has required further major changes to broadcast stations and networks, with large capital investments. This paper describes some of the considerations in implementing digital systems for studios and transmission, and compares broadcast service models adopted in various parts of the world.


Data prediction and classification is a very important research topic in the field of data mining, which has been a wide concern for a long time. Data prediction and classification theory is the crystallization of the intersection and integration of different disciplines such as management science, economics, mathematics, and computer, and has been widely used in many fields, such as energy price market analysis, financial market price prediction, and risk control, biological information recognition, business intelligence customer behavior analysis and so on. In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology and Internet technology, and the gradual maturity of cloud computing and big data analysis, the research on complex data prediction and classification is full of opportunities and challenges. This paper focuses on three aspects: the dimensional complexity of data, the complexity of frequency domain characteristics, and the identification and matching of multi-source information, and closely focuses on the key issues of data prediction and classification Electricity market price data is the main research object and case, and the prediction and classification of complex data are studied.


A new image watermarking system based on Real Discrete Fourier Transform and SVD is proposed.It circularly samples the coefficients from the amplitude spectrum of the real Fourier transformed image to build a matrix and then to divide into blocks.The watermarking is embedded in the largest coefficient.The experiments verify the validity and the robustness of the algorithm.


BACKGROUND: Congenital basal meningoceles and encephaloceles are rare pathologies that may present in isolation or with characteristic-associated clinical features. Rarely, children with congenital midline defects may present with massive encephaloceles secondary to anterior cranial fossa agenesis. Traditionally, transcranial approaches with frontal craniotomies were used to reduce the herniated contents and repair the skull base defect. However, high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with craniotomies have favored the development and adoption of less-invasive techniques. OBJECTIVE: To present a novel technique for combined endoscopic endonasal and transpalatal repair of a giant basal meningocele through an extensive sphenoethmoidal skull base defect. METHODS: A representative case of congenital anterior cranial fossa agenesis with a giant meningocele was selected. Clinical and radiological presentations were reviewed, and the intraoperative surgical technique was documented and recorded. RESULTS: A surgical video highlighting each surgical step was included to complement the description of the technique. The surgical outcome from the selected case is also presented. CONCLUSION: This report describes a combined endoscopic endonasal and transpalatal approach to repair an extensive anterior skull base defect with herniation of intracranial content. This technique capitalizes on the advantages of each approach to address this complex pathology.


In 2017 the Ministry of Industry noted Indonesia's cosmetics industry in the country out numbered to 760 companies. Further,95% of the industry is dominated by small to medium industrial sector, for this reason, in order to comply with international standards and certification bodies, it is necessary to guarantee the product quality. One of the product tested was a cream scrub containing coffee. Coffee has various chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity which plays a very important role in preventing premature aging. The product quality testing carried out is physical testing, microbiology and also the determination of antioxidant activity. From the prior tests, it was found that the pH of the preparation was 5.73 for the type of oil-in-water emulsion, the spreadability was 5.34 and 6.29 cm. Adhesion 11.10 seconds. The preparation meets all microbiological requirements and has an IC50% of 69.09 ppm.


Shakespearean Scholarship without Tears Which Shakespeare? Dictionaries, Reference Books, and Guides Pictures, Reproductions, and Reprints Famous People of the World Stage The Peopled World Shakespeare's England Beliefs Shakespeare in the Theatre Final Thoughts Index


The management of the disturbed aged patient requires a medication with few side effects and with a wide range of safety. On the basis of the results in this study, chlorprothixene appeared to be such a compound.


To obtain the carboxyl-terminal fragment of Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 6(TgMIC6C) used in the preparation of the polyclonal antibodies,the MIC6C gene was obtained from cDNA library by PCR amplification and subcloned to vector pGEX-4T-1 to generate the translational fusion with GST.The recombinant protein GST-MIC6C was expressed as a fusion protein with GST upon IPTG induction and then purified with affinity chromatography.The purified protein mixed with adjuvant was used to immunize New Zealand rabbits to produce the polyclonal antibodies.In this way,the purified GST-MIC6C fusion protein was obtained and it was used in the immunization to produce polyclonal antibodies with a antibody titer of 1∶8 000.


Existing mobility models used in the simulation tools have two major limitations. First, these models invoke unrealistic moving behaviors, such as sudden stop and sharp turn during the simulation. Hence, the study of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) based on these models could lead to wrong conclusions. Second, because the node speed and direction do not change within each movement, they are insufficient to mimic the minute moving behaviors of mobile users. Therefore, we design a novel smooth mobility model, which can characterize the real-life moving behaviors of mobile users in accordance with the physical law of a smooth motion. Moreover, we apply the smooth model to evaluate the routing performance and network connectivity of MANETs. Compared with the most commonly used mobility model, random waypoint (RWP) model, we find that the routing performance and network connectivity evaluation based on the RWP model is over optimistic. To demonstrate the applications of the smooth model, we present the easy adaptation of the smooth model to group mobility and geographic restrictions


Women postpone motherhood because of their desire for personal and professional improvement. It is known that the quantity and quality of oocytes per cycle depends on the patient's age. Success rates in assisted reproduction treatments decrease with age, especially after 40 years of age. Higher live birth rates are observed in younger women, and rates decrease significantly in older women due to decreased fertility and increased miscarriages. Therefore, age is crucial when assessing the possibility of a successful pregnancy through assisted reproductive treatments (ART). The indications to perform in vitro fertilization (IVF) with own ovules in women older than 40 years include starting as soon as possible highly complex procedures, good evaluation of ovarian reserve with antimüllerian hormone analysis (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) for genetic counseling, proposing IVF-intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) before the age of 44 years, generating realistic expectations and informed consent, with own statistics. At REDLARA, of all IVF-ICSI procedures, 34% of patients are over 40 years old; preference is given to transfer blastocysts with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) to select euploid embryos. Success rates are low, even when they are pregnancy rates per embryo transfer in the group of women ≥ 40 years (18.2% without PGT, 42.7% with PGT in IMRCRP). It is recommended to bank ovules or embryos by performing multiple ovarian stimulations. A single embryo transfer should be chosen to avoid obstetric complications with multiple pregnancies in patients ≤ 40 years, because of the high risk due to age.


An escalator or a moving walkway running rail (56A, 56B), comprising: at least one flat bottom surface (81, 81 '), the bottom surface having a running surface for rollers (74) (82, 82'), the said rollers running wheel particularly to an escalator or a moving walkway with a step belt or plate (58); and at least one guide strip (90, 90 '), the guide strip having lateral guidance for the roller ( 74) of the guide side walls, wherein the guide strips (90, 90 ') is a separate member.


Although sowing winter cereal crops in rotation with irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is practised by many Australian cotton growers, summer cereals such as maize (Zea mays L.) are sown more frequently than previously. Our objective was to quantify the impact of sowing maize rotation crops on soil properties, greenhouse gas emissions, incidence of black root rot (BRR) disease and crop yields in an ongoing long-term experiment located in a Vertosol in north-western New South Wales. The historical treatments were cotton monoculture (sown after either conventional or minimum tillage) and a minimum-tilled cotton–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation. The experiment was redesigned in 2011 by splitting all plots and sowing either maize during summer following the previous year's cotton or retaining the historical cropping system as a control. pH and exchangeable cation concentrations were highest, and electrical conductivity (EC1 : 5) lowest during 2012, the season following a flood event, but were unaffected by sowing maize. In subsequent seasons, with the onset of dry conditions, pH and cation concentrations decreased, and EC1 : 5 increased. The upper horizons (0–0.3 m) of plots where maize was sown had higher concentrations of exchangeable Ca and Mg during 2012, and 0.45–1.20 m had higher concentrations of exchangeable Na and exchangeable sodium percentage, but these differences disappeared in subsequent years. Soil organic carbon (SOC) in the surface 0.15 m was higher with maize, with differences becoming evident three years after maize was first sown but without any increases in SOC storage. Soil under maize was less resilient to structural degradation. BRR incidence was lower in maize-sown plots only during 2012. Stepwise linear regression suggested that high concentrations of exchangeable Ca and Mg in the surface 0.15 m played a role in reducing BRR incidence during 2012. Maize rotation introduced into cotton monocultures improved lint yields and reduced greenhouse gas emissions but had little impact in a minimum-tilled cotton–wheat rotation. Maize is a suitable rotation crop for irrigated cotton in a two-crop sequence but is of little advantage in a cotton–wheat–maize sequence.


Glass and Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates have been chosen for the deposition of Iron Oxide thin films prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique. The films were grown at different substrate temperatures (350C, 400C, and 450C) and they were annealed at 300 for 1 hr. Structural, morphological, optical characterizations of the films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, atomic force micrograph,UV spectroscopy methods. From the XRD studies, films on glass substrates are found to be amorphous in nature with -hematite phase and crystalline on FTO coated conducting glass substrates. AFM analysis indicates that the films grown on glass substrates are rougher than the films on FTO coated conducting glass substrates. It reveals that the FTO coated conducting glass substrates can be a better choice as a substrate. The transmis sion spectra have been measured in the wavelength range 200-1200 nm. The transmittance of the films both on glass and FTO coated conducting glass substrates has been observed to be about 4080% in the wavelength range (500-1100) nm. The optical band gap energy values have been found to be in the range 2.10-2.37 eV.


This paper describes a method to determine and optimise the real-world fuel consumption as well as CO2, NOx and soot emissions of an HEV in simulated customer operation, which significantly differs from driving cycle operation in terms of dynamics and effective speed. A method is developed to model the transient emission behaviour of a combustion engine using a semi-empiric approach. The transient emission models for the customer simulation are based on a variant transfer function (first or second order). It can calculate the transient torque as well as emissions (i.e. CO2, NOx, soot). In contrast to by now usual static emission maps, the dynamic model enables a more exact calculation of real emissions of engines. As the real emissions are achieved in customer use, the customer behaviour is considered in the optimisation process of the optimal operation strategy (OS). The multicriteria problem of minimising the emissions of CO2, NOx and soot simultaneously is transformed into a one-criterion problem via a target function. For the practical realisation of the operation strategy in a cycle, such as NEDC or WLTP, and customer use, an optimum is identified with a stable behaviour regarding the influences of parameter changes. In order to predict customer actions and behaviour via simulations, vehicle measurements were carried out and analysed, which leads to a well-sorted database of different driving styles, vehicle loads and driving environments. Based on this database, a statistical driving environment model as well as a statistical driver model was built up in MATLAB/Simulink. This allows simulating driving operations under real customer conditions for vehicles, i.e. hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and thus gaining representative results for fuel consumption and emissions. In addition, research is done on the effects of an optimised operation strategy for different driving cycles in comparison to the customer operation. It is shown that emissions in customer use differ significantly from those in driving cycles. The paper concludes with an analysis of the optimisation of emissions of an HEV during launch, using operation mode changes as an example.


The invention discloses a polymer microporous membrane based on polyvinyl chloride ion liquid and a preparation method of the polymer microporous membrane. The preparation method of the polymer microporous membrane comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing a polyvinyl chloride original membrane, then immobilizing imidazoles functional monomers, such as N-methylimidazole, N-ethylimidazole and N-propylimidazole on the surface of the polyvinyl chloride original membrane by nucleophilic substitution, so that an imidazoles ion liquid brush is formed on the surface of the film. The technology is simple, is easy to operate without expensive instruments, and is easy for industrial implementation; the prepared polymer microporous membrane based on the polyvinyl chloride ion liquid has good pollution resistance performance, keeps a main chain structure of polyvinyl chloride not to be damaged, maintains the good physical performance of the polyvinyl chloride membrane, and shows unique property of the ion liquid in the application of removing heavy metal ions, water treatment and the like.


Segmenting meaningful visual structures from an image is a fundamental and most-addressed problem in image analysis algorithms. However, among factors such as diverse visual patterns, noise, complex backgrounds, and similar textures present in foreground and background, image segmentation still stands as a challenging research problem. In this article, the proposed method employs an unsupervised method that addresses image segmentation as subspace clustering of image feature vectors. Initially, an image is partitioned into a set of homogeneous regions called superpixels, from which Local Spectral Histogram features are computed. Subsequently, a feature data matrix is created whereupon subspace clustering methodology is applied. A single-stage optimization model is formulated with enhanced segmentation capabilities by the combined action of l½ and l2 norm minimization. Robustness of l½ regularization toward both the noise and overestimation of sparsity provides simultaneous noise robustness and better subspace selection, respectively. While l2 norm facilitates grouping effect. Hence, the designed optimization model ensures an improved sparse solution and a sparse representation matrix with an accurate block diagonal structure, which thereby favours getting properly segmented images. Then, experimental results of the proposed method are compared with the state-of-art algorithms. Results demonstrate the improved performance of our method over the state-of-art algorithms.


In this paper, detailed analysis is made on the application of artificial intelligence in IDS analysis engine, and an algorithm for optimizing measure parameters based on genetic algorithm is designed together with a hybrid intrusion detection engine. Through the application of group optimization in artificial intelligence, the scheme precludes the security threats from holes in detection engine, and reinforces the robustness, efficiency, adaptability, real-time and paralleling operating of IDS.


SIZE READINGS Some ordinary size readings of size adjectives have a roughly degree-like flavor because of the nature of the modified NP: (28) a. an enormous mistake b. a huge snowstorm


Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging method for detecting and representation of water diffusion properties of nervous tissues. Fiber tracking technique uses DTI data and reconstructs nervous fi bers and signifi cantly enhances the knowledge about the in vivo confi guration of white matter. Using sophisticated algorithms and specialized software, DTI and fi ber tracking detect in patients pathological changes of nervous system. The white matter tracts can be investigated not only by simple observation, but also through analyzing water diffusion coeffi cients, magnitudes of anisotropy and fi bers parameters.