We consider the goodness-of fit testing problem for H\"older smooth densities over $\mathbb{R}^d$: given $n$ iid observations with unknown density $p$ and given a known density $p_0$, we investigate how large $\rho$ should be to distinguish, with high probability, the case $p=p_0$ from the composite alternative of all H\"older-smooth densities $p$ such that $\|p-p_0\|_t \geq \rho$ where $t \in [1,2]$. The densities are assumed to be defined over $\mathbb{R}^d$ and to have H\"older smoothness parameter $\alpha>0$. In the present work, we solve the case $\alpha \leq 1$ and handle the case $\alpha>1$ using an additional technical restriction on the densities. We identify matching upper and lower bounds on the local minimax rates of testing, given explicitly in terms of $p_0$. We propose novel test statistics which we believe could be of independent interest. We also establish the first definition of an explicit cutoff $u_B$ allowing us to split $\mathbb{R}^d$ into a bulk part (defined as the subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$ where $p_0$ takes only values greater than or equal to $u_B$) and a tail part (defined as the complementary of the bulk), each part involving fundamentally different contributions to the local minimax rates of testing.


The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for asthma. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct through July 2017. The results showed that there was a reduced risk of asthma exacerbations in subject receiving vitamin D (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0,55 to 0,91).There was significant effect lung function (WMD:1,65; 95% CI:0,14 to 3,17). The serum 25(OH)D level was higher in the vitamin D group at the end of the intervention (WMD: 22,14 nmol; 95% CI:11,42 to 32,85). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation as a potential target to aid in asthma management


This Bachelor thesis is about the set up of a visual brand identity by a company, confronted to a growing competition due to globalization and proliferation of the offer on the market. Its stake is ...


Problems arising from alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal fringe camps and settlements of Central Australia have commanded medical and other professional attention for several decades. To date a real breakthrough in combating this problem has not been forthcoming. This paper suggests that the point of view of Western professionals in this field, absorbed as they seemingly are in the concept of alcoholism as individual pathology, obscures the real issues and precludes the possibility of finding lasting solutions. A move form the disease concept of alcoholism to a view of social dependence is suggested, and some implications of this for those involved in the delivery of treatment services are discussed.


In this paper,a method was studied to simplify digestion process and control temperature easily,and to improve the stability of the method to determine total phosphorus,in which baking oven was used to digest instead of high pressure boiler,after using potassium persulfate oxidation,total phosphorus in standard sample was determined by spectrophotometric method.Comparative study showed that the improved method was stable and simple with satisfactory results.


Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome) has previously been diagnosed prenatally only once, using fetoscopy. We report on two consecutive pregnancies in a woman at risk of having a child with the syndrome during which fetoscopic visualization was performed. Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome was diagnosed prenatally in one instance, while it could be excluded in the other one. Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome is discussed.


This article analyses influence of the bias voltage to the system,and then pay much more attention to research the influence of different bias voltage establishment to the capacity accelerometer,a serial of alternative different curves are obtained.Finally it points out when bias voltage polarity adopts positive-negative establishment,the ability of accelerometer withstanding impact is the strongest.


Objective To observe the antitussive and expectorant effects of Zhikeqingfei oral liquid.Methods The cough model induced by ammonia liquor in mice was used to observe the antitussive effects.The method of phenol red execretion in mice was used to investigate the expectorant effects.Results Zhikeqingfei oral liquid could decrease the frequency of cough induced by ammonia liquor,and prolong the latent period of cough,it could also increase phenol red output of trachea in mice.Conclusion Zhikeqingfei oral liquid has significant antitussive and expectorant effects.


A synthesis method for generating race-free asynchronous CMOS circuits that are independent of the internal and output delays is presented. The design method is based on the properties of the negative gates. An inertial delay is associated with each negative gate in a CMOS circuit. Such a gate model is quite realistic. The basic principle of the method presented is to augment and to modify the original flow table in such a way that the obtained logic diagram contains only negative gates. In addition, the synthesis method is capable of avoiding any race, and consequently any critical race or hazard. The method minimizes the number of internal variables and therefore the number of gates, providing new simple cells for fast and low-power integrated circuits. >


In order to resolve the key problem of preference representation and utility calculation of negotiator in negotiation support system, preference representation and utility calculation in negotiation support system based on preference representation of psychology is proposed. Firstly model of psychology based on cloud model is proposed. The fuzzy and randomicity is depicted fully in the model. The calculation of preference and utility based on model of artificial psychology based on cloud model is given. The suggested resolution of negotiation is given based on model of artificial psychology based on cloud model by the means of media.


Chicken eggs produced by nine commercial lines of laying hens: Lohmann Brown, Shaver 579, AK (experimental from IZ-OBD Zakrzewo), ISA White, Messa 445, Messa 443, Astra W-1, Astra W-2, and Astra N were used as experimental material. The layers produced eggs for experiments during the period from 63 to 66 week of age. The effect of bird origin on the basic chemical composition of eggs including certain egg yolk lipids was studied. Dry matter content in the egg white ranged from 10.98% (Shaver 579) to 13.13% (Astra W-2), whereas in the egg yolk from 54.89% (Lohmann Brown) to 59.64% (Messa 443). Differences in the yolk lipid content between bird groups reached 2.48%, the lowest one (29.37%) was noted in the eggs from AK layers and the highest (31.85%) in the eggs from Astra N birds. Low cholesterol content was found in the eggs from ISA White (13.63 mg/g) and Shaver 579 layers (13.69 mg/g), while high content was determined in the eggs from Astra W1 (14.50 mg/g) and Astra N (14.61 mg/g) layers. Triglyceride content in the egg yolk varied from 199.70 mg/g in Messa 443 group to 236.55 mg/g in Astra N group of birds. In this study statistically significant differences at p≤0.01 among nine groups of commercial layers were noted in the chemical composition of the examined table eggs.


A SURVEY OF MEALYBUGS (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) IN CITRUS GROVES IN CONTINENTAL PORTUGAL. A survey of mealybugs living in citrus groves was carried out in order to elucidate the identity and relative importance of the species associated with this crop in Continental Portugal. Samples were collected in 76 citrus groves from the districts of Beja, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Lisboa, Porto, Santarem, Setubal and Viseu. The presence of mealybugs was detected in 93% of the citrus groves studied. Four species were identified, i.e. Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell), P. viburni (Signoret) and P. longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti). P. citri and P. calceolariae were the most frequent species, present in 66% and 63% of the citrus groves, respectively. P. viburni and P. longispinus were identified in 29% and 14% of the sites, respectively. Apparently, P. calceolariae has the widest geographical distribution on citrus in Portugal. The co-existence of at least two species in the same citrus grove was found in 59% of the cases. P. citri and P. calceolariae were found associated in 37% of the citrus groves; P. viburni was always found associated with at least one of the three other species. Key words: Universal Transverse Mercator, Citrus sinensis, C. limon, C. reticulata.


Following the successful introduction of the EGT Typhoon at a power rating of 4100 kW (5500 hp), planned enhancements have been introduced to increase the power to 4790 kW (6400 hp). The changes to meet the higher power requirement include an increase in rotational speed by 5% with resulting increases in mass flow and pressure ratio, thermal barrier coating of the combustion chambers, and the directional solidification of the hp rotor blade material. The design changes are described along with the validation by rig work and engine running, building on the extensive field running of engines at the 4100 kW rating. The design and development of the Typhoon gas turbine has been described in references 1 and 2. Briefly the engine is a single shaft simple cycle machine with a mass flow of 17.8 kg/s (39.2 lb/e), pressure ratio of 12.8:1 and firing temperature of 1055°C (1931°F) giving 4.1 MW with a thermal efficiency of 31%. Successful field running c.f over 20 engines has proven the concept and integrity of the Typhoon. With this experience, it has been decided to implement a planned increase of power output to 4.8 MW with changes to the engine and auxiliaries as outlined below. The main elements of the engine remain unchanged including compressor rotor casings, turbine (except hp rotor blade) and bearings. The principal change is to increase the rotational speed by 5% to 17380 rpm, this has the effect of raising the mass flow to 18.9 kg/s (41.7 lb/s). Additionally the firing temperature is increased to 1100°C (2012°F). As the turbine swallowing capacity is not changed, the pressure ratio increases to 13.9:1. The changes in the gas turbine are restricted to variable guide vane setting, combustors and hp turbine rotor blade. The only significant change to the auxiliary equipment is to the gearbox internals in order to keep the output speed at 1500 rpm or 1800 rpm. From this description, it may be noted that over 98% of . the components are unchanged, so maintaining the inherent qualities of the Typhoon including simplicity and ruggedness combined with high efficiency.


Six-week-old wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) grown in pots with an alfisol soil with vertic properties and mulched at a rate equivalent to 10 t ha -1 with leaf prunings of Grevillea robusta, Erythrina abyssinica, Gliricidia sepium, Albizia schimperiana, Acacia nilotica, Acacia polyacantha, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena pallida and Entada abyssinica were used to diagnose nutrient contributions by these tree species. A control treatment of 20 kg P + 30 kg N ha -1 was chosen as the reference treatment for the vector analysis applied to the mulch effects. Nitrogen was found to be the most important nutrient in seedlings mulched with L. pallida, L. leucocephala, Erythrina abyssinica and to a lesser extent A. schimperiana. Other nutrients of these mulches were also in the deficiency zone but with shorter vectors and therefore with lower impact. Since all these mulches showed increased values for shoot dry weight, nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake they have still reserves for further plant growth and appear therefore to be good mulch sources for annual crops. In contrast, wheat seedlings treated with A. polyacantha and Entada abyssinica had at least some vectors in the toxic zone due to an excess of nutrients while Grevillea treated plants showed a typical toxicity response with large vectors for all nutrients in between the toxic and the antagonistic zone. Allelopathic compounds might also have been involved.


Computer programming involves many complex concepts including requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing. All of these phases lead students deeper and deeper into many different realms of complex computer programming concepts. The aim of this paper is to introduce a proposal to use 3D technology and models to visually model specific programming concepts. Compilation, polymorphism, inheritance and encapsulation will be modelled as 3D images and objects and included in the teaching paradigm. 3D software and hardware such as 3D printers and virtual reality head gear will be used as aids in creating these models and in the presentation of the computer programming concepts. Several groups of students and experiments will be created and the students will be assessed on the comprehension of the selected programming concepts and the results will be analyzed to determine the effectiveness of using this 3D technology.


The development of multilayer optics has profound implications for soft x-ray/EUV (XUV) astronomy. During the October 1987 flight of the Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Spectroheliograph, narrow wavelength band low scatter soft x-ray/EUV spectroheliograms were obtained with 1 arc second spatial resolution at λ~ 173 A (Fe IX, Fe X) and at X, 256 A (He II). Although the Cassegrain telescopes used in this experiment were small (63.5 mm diameter) and utilized spherical rather than paraboloidal/hyperboloidal mirrors, the images produced exceed in quality any XUV spectroheliograms previously obtained with either normal or grazing incidence techniques. We describe a new rocket spectroheliograph instrument, the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA), that is currently being prepared for launch in September 1989. This instrument will utilize true Ritchey-Chretien optics of 127 mm diameter and parabolic Herschelian optics of 40 mm diameter, which will allow spectroheliograms to be obtained over the soft x-ray/EUV/VUV spectral range (40 Å - 1550 Å). The performance of this new instrument should definitely demonstrate the unique combination of ultra-high spatial resolution and spectral differentiation which multilayer optics afford for astronomical observations. The MSSTA will also represent the first astronomical use of an important new optical device, the multilayer grating. The MSSTA should obtain unprecedented information regarding the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere in the temperature range 104 K to 107 K.


Book review of  Sexual Orientation and Canadian Law: An Assessment of the Law Affecting Lesbian and Gay Persons  by John A. Yogis, Randall R. Duplak & J. Royden Trainor and published by Emond Montgomery (Toronto), 1996. (153 pp.)


PURPOSE: A driver integrated BLDC fuel pump module is provided to be not affected by the space restriction according to the installation of a driver. CONSTITUTION: A driver integrated BLDC fuel pump module comprises a driver(120), a driver first connector and a driver second connector. The driver controls a BLDC fuel pump(410). The Driver is installed on the upper side of a flange(110). The driver first connector supplies power source to the driver. The driver first connector is formed on the upper side of the flange. The driver second connector electrically connects the driver and the BLDC fuel pump. The driver second connector is formed on the lower part of the flange.


Until a few years ago, Cognitive Science was firmly wedded to the notion that cognition must be explained in terms of the computational manipulation of internal representations or symbols. Although many people still believe this, the consensus is no longer solid. Whether it is truly threatened by connectionism is, perhaps, controversial, but there are yet more radical approaches that explicitly reject it. Advocates of "embodied" or "situated" approaches to cognition (e.g., Smith, 1991; Varela et al, 1991, Clancey, 1997) argue that thought cannot be understood as entirely internal. Furthermore, it is argued that autonomous robots can be designed to behave more intelligently if representationalist programming techniques are avoided (Brooks, 1991), and that the way our brains control our behavior is better understood in terms of chaos and dynamical systems theory rather than as any sort computation (e.g., Freeman & Skarda, 1990; Van Gelder & Port, 1995; Van Gelder, 1995; Garson, 1996).


process, in which established positions need to be clarified, and some false steps retracted, in the faith that a better grounded and better articulated consensus of belief may be attained" (XXI, 255). Such an effort requires listening to a variety of voices from the past: "[E]ven the Arians, if given their due, might have something to teach us" (XXI, 268). As for orthodoxy's appropriation of ancient philosophy, it remains a live question whether a Christian theology expressed in Greek concepts is still serviceable for a Church faced with the challenge of further expansion, e.g., in Africa and Latin America. What can be said with assurance is that such questions could not even be raised, let alone considered, without the arts of accurate statement and rational debate which the Church absorbed from its Greekspeaking adherents" (1, 185). Thus, Christians received from ancient philosophy essentially two things: concepts and modes of argument. While the concepts are expendable in service to the Gospel, philosophy's practice of accurate statements and rational debate is essential to the continuing evolution of orthodoxy. The remaining seventeen essays display these humane principles in action. As the subtitle suggests, Arius, Athanasius, and Augustine are the major players, featured in all but two of papers III through XIX. Stead subjects the arguments of these thinkers to rigorous analysis marked by the generosity of spirit and devotion to accuracy and rationality that the framing essays suggest. For my part, I believe that the early Christians appropriated from nonChristian philosophy, in addition to the concepts and arts of speaking and debate that Stead mentions, the conviction that philosophy is a form of life (askesis) that places intellectual inquiry within a set of practices designed to lead the person to virtue (as argued by Nussbaum, Hadot, and others). On the one hand, some of Stead's analyses suffer from the neglect of this therapeutic aspect of ancient philosophy: I am thinking especially of his otherwise incisive critiques of the views of Arius presented by Rowan Williams and Robert Gregg and Dennis Groh. On the other hand, the Christopher Stead that emerges in these pages, a thoughtful and warm-spirited scholar of engaging wit, embodies precisely the virtues that ancient philosophy sought to create. David Brakke, Indiana University


The title of this thesis is "An Analysis of Cultural contents in English Textbook used by the Eighth Grade Students of Junior High School 03 Bangkinang". This research was conducted based on some problems related to the cultural contents dissemination in the English Textbook. Absolutely, the objective of national education in Indonesia is set based on the cultural value and ideology of the nation. Thus, English textbook evaluation need to be conducted in order to know the appropriateness of the contents in the textbook. This research consisted of two formulations of the problem: how are the cultural contents disseminated in the English textbook entitled 'English in Focus for Grade VIII (SMP/MTs), and what are the cultural contents disseminated in the English textbook. The objectives of this research are to know about how the cultural contents are disseminated in the English textbook and what are the cultural contents disseminated in the English textbook. The data of the research were collected from reading passages and also pictures in the English Textbook which was published by National Education Department. This research is a descriptive qualitative but the element of quantitative in the form of how the data are counted in a percentage has also been used. In order to know what cultural contents are disseminated in the English Textbook, the cultural contents were categorized into the source or local culture, the target culture, and the international culture (Cortazzi & Jin, 1999). Moreover, in order to know how the cultural contents were disseminated in the English Textbook, the cultural contents were categorized into four senses; the aesthetic sense, the sociological sense, the semantic sense, and the pragmatic sense (Adaskou, Britten & Fahsi, 1990).The research found that local or source culture was predominant in the textbook. The cultural contents of (43.75%) referred to the local culture, (40.62%) referred to the international culture, and (21.87%) referred to the target culture. Additionally, in order to know how the cultural contents are disseminated in textbook, the research found that generally the cultural contents were disseminated by the aesthetic sense (46.15%), the sociological sense (30.76%), and the pragmatic sense (23.07%), while the semantic sense was not found. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the contents of English textbook in focus for grade VIII has already successfully achieved the national education goal. National characters or national culture should be input in education field.


In this paper, the hydromagnetic flow of dusty fluid over a vertical stretching sheet with thermal radiation is investigated. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. These nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg fourth-fifth order method (RKF45 Method). The behavior of velocity and temperature profiles of hydromagnetic fluid flow of dusty fluid is analyzed and discussed for different parameters of interest such as unsteady parameter, fluid-particle interaction parameter, the magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and Prandtl number on the flow.


We present an analysis of 39 X-ray luminous early-type galaxies observed with the ROSAT PSPC. Using multicomponent spectral and spatial fits to these data, we have measured halo abundance, temperature, luminosity and surface brightness profile. We compare these measurements to similar results from galaxy groups and clusters, fitting a number of relations commonly used in the study of these larger objects. In particular, we find that the σ ‐T X relation for our sample is similar to that reported for clusters, consistent with βspec = 1, and that the L X‐T X relation has a steep slope (gradient 4.8 ± 0.7) comparable with that found for galaxy groups. Assuming isothermality, we construct three-dimensional models of our galaxies, allowing us to measure gas entropy. We find no correlation between gas entropy and system mass, but do find a trend for low-temperature systems to have reduced gas fractions. We conclude that the galaxies in our sample are likely to have developed their haloes through galaxy winds, influenced by their surrounding environment.


" What did the test show that your doctor ordered last week?" "I don't know—uh, my doctor hasn't told me, but the test must be negative since I haven't heard anything." "That's ridiculous. Doesn't he know how concerned you are?" "He should. I told him I really was afraid I might have cancer or something else seriously wrong with me." Does this conversation sound unusual? Impossible? Inconceivable? It should to us as physicians, but it is all too often an unfortunate true event. Headlines scream that a young patient dies, and long working hours are blamed when the problems are one of absence of supervision, failure to heed clinical details, and poor communication. The legal profession is being called on to make medical decisions, eg, removal of nasogastric tubes or cessation of life support. Fear of litigation now justifies the performance of what may be an unnecessary and potentially harmful procedure.


Sir, Wiegersma et al. have recently published a registry-based study on the effect of school screening on surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We like to comment on methodological issues which could have influenced the outcome of this study. The authors discussed several possibilities for misclassification. In our opinion two possibilities of misclassification were not discussed. One refers to the allocation of Youth Health Care (YHC) departments to the categories 'screening' and 'non-screening'. The category 'screening' included all YHC departments with a screening in either the last grade of primary school (group 8) or grade 1 of secondary school. So the category 'non-screening' included YHC departments without any screening for trunk abnormalities at all and those which had a screening programme either in a different age group or as part of the regular health assessment in grade 7 of primary school and/or grade 2 of secondary school. This classification is correct if it is assumed that screening in these age groups is not effective at all. Our YHC department (Rotterdam) was assigned with many others to the 'non-screening' category. However during the reported period of Wiegersma et al., we conducted a prospective study on trunk abnormalities (including scoliosis) in a cohort of 4,915 elevenyear-old children. We are not convinced that the category 'non-screening' is homogeneous to the exposure of 'not being screened'. The second source of misclassification is linked with the relation between postal code of residence and location of school, and residence and YHC code. Most secondary schools are in the larger towns and cities. So in reality screened children might be classified as belonging to a non-screening YHC region and the other way around. The allocation of cases was based on the postal code of residence at time of discharge after surgery. In fact this was 2-6 years after screening. So migration as a source of misclassification cannot be excluded. With these comments in mind we think that the authors are quite ambitious in their conclusions. To our opinion further studies are needed to support the findings and conclusions of this study, which at present hampers of the problem which is often referred to as ecological fallacy. Alice Hazebroek-KampschreuT, MD, PhD, Sector Health Promotion (epidemiology, mtervenaons and policy), Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area, P.O. Box 70032, 3000 LP Rotterdam, The Netherlands, tel. +31 10 4339616, fax +31 10 4339493, e-mail: email@example.com; Huub Creemers, MD, Department of Youth Health Care, GGD Westelijke Mijnstreek, P.O. Box 99, 6/60 AB Geleen, The Netherlands, tel. +31 46 4787200, fax +31 46 4787399


We study the ideal structure of reduced crossed product of topological dynamical systems of a countable discrete group. More concretely, for a compact Hausdorff space $X$ with an action of a countable discrete group $\Gamma$, we consider the absence of a non-zero ideals in the reduced crossed product $C(X) \rtimes_r \Gamma$ which has a zero intersection with $C(X)$. We characterize this condition by a property for amenable subgroups of the stabilizer subgroups of $X$ in terms of the Chabauty space of $\Gamma$. This generalizes Kennedy's algebraic characterization of the simplicity for a reduced group $\mathrm{C}^{*}$-algebra of a countable discrete group.


T he treatment of dyslipidemia with statin therapy is a cornerstone in the management of patients in both the primary and secondary prevention settings. Dyslipidemia is widely prevalent in its various forms (1). The lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with a statin in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) has shown unequivocal capacity to safely reduce risk for clinical sequelae such as nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, as well as the need for revascularization (2,3). The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol continues to place primary emphasis on cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction by lowering LDL-C by a specific percentage according to estimated level of risk for sustaining an acute CV event (4). Statin therapy generally lowers risk for an acute CV event by 25% to 45% over 5 years of follow-up, depending upon the magnitude of LDL-C reduction, specific patient characteristics, and the intensity of statin therapy used. Consistent with these findings, the "residual risk" for a CV event is estimated as being 55% to 75%. Clearly, not all of the residual risk is attributable to dyslipidemia. Persistent cigarette smoking, inadequately controlled hypertension,


Previous research has shown that people with complete
cervical spinal cord injury (quadriplegia) commonly report sleep disturbances,
have delayed REM latency and lack endogenous melatonin
production. It is unclear if these findings are related. The aim of this
study was to investigate whether nightly supplementation of 3 mg melatonin
would induce, shift the phase of and/or modify subjective sleep
for people with complete quadriplegia.


Distinctive product design is a cornerstone of sustainable branding. Ideally, consumers will be able to identify brands by product design without seeing any logos. Once companies have established strong associations between product designs and brands in consumers' minds, they seek protection against imitation as well as consistency in product lines. This research discusses methods for measuring consumers' abilities to identify brands by product design. Study 1 shows that brand identification depends on the evaluation mode that the identification task evokes. Compared to a task that presents products side by side (comparative mode), participants are more likely to confuse copycats with an original design when they see only one product (noncomparative mode). Study 2 replicates findings of Study 1, demonstrating some robustness of effects across three countries (United States, Spain, Germany) and across three different product categories (beer, smartphones, cars). Study 2 further investigates how familiarity with the product influences brand identification. Although consumers with high (compared to low) familiarity are more likely to accurately identify an original product in a noncomparative evaluation mode, they are also more likely to confuse a copycat with the original product in this mode. Overall, this research extends knowledge about brand identification by product design and provides information brand managers may need for legal decisions in trademark or design patent cases. This research also provides information for brand managers making decisions regarding new product development, for example, product line extensions.


The Savannah River Technical Center visually examined several axial piston pump wear plates from Delta-Q Corporation in an effort to determine the cause of the scratches. The investigation found the material and hardness to be approximately consistent with vendor specifications. The visual examination revealed gouges and tears on plates 1 - 4, silicon and aluminum contamination on plates 2 & 3 and a heavy inclusion content in the base metal. The scratches were most likely attributable to either metal debris created by the protruding metal around the gouges and tears or the silicon and aluminum contamination. The heavy inclusion content may have contributed by providing sites for the gouges and tears to develop during fabrication. It is recommended that tighter controls be introduced during procurement to ensure cleaner, inclusion controlled, steel and controlling the silicon and aluminum contamination during process assembly of the pumps. Specific surface texture requirements may also be considered for final machining.


To the Editor : In 2005, Shoichet et al. reported a girl exhibiting severe cognitive disability with a balanced de novo translocation that disrupts the winged-helix transcription factor forkhead box G1 (FOXG1 ) gene (1). Later, three 14q12 interstitial deletions including FOXG1 were identified in patients with intellectual disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism (2). Finally, FOXG1 -null mutations were reported in the congenital variant of Rett syndrome (RTT) in two unrelated girls (3). Up to now, 12 FOXG1 point mutations have been identified in patients suffering from typical and atypical forms of RTT (2). In all cases, FOXG1 point mutations were or appeared to be de novo. Here, we report a 2-year-old boy with a novel FOXG1 mutation, transmitted by an unaffected mother who was found to show somatic mosaicism for the mutation. Familial occurrence and germline mosaicism for FOXG1 mutation have been reported only once, in a case of duplication (4). This patient was born at term after uneventful pregnancy. His psychomotor development was delayed from the second month of life. He held his head at the age of 1 year but has never been able to sit unaided or walk. He never acquired spoken language and had poor eye contact. He developed infantile spasms at 4 month old without hypsarrhythmia. There was no dysmorphism. Clinical and physical examinations at the age of 1 year revealed growth retardation, severe axial and peripheral hypotonia, microcephaly [occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) 41.5 cm, −4 standard deviation (SD)], severe generalized dyskinesia and permanent hand to mouth stereotypies. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed cerebral atrophy. Conventional cytogenetic investigations were normal. After standard DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, direct sequencing of FOXG1 coding sequences in patient's DNA identified a novel heterozygous mutation in coding exon 1. The c.974_975insA mutation (p.Ser326Glufs*129) causes the loss of the JARID1B binding domain. This mutation was not observed among 200 control chromosomes. The mutation was absent from the father's DNA. However, direct sequencing of the mother's DNA suggested the presence of a somatic mosaicism (Fig. 1), because a very small amount of the mutated residue was detectable at different positions following c.974 position, and the signal was too weak to be considered as a heterozygous mutation. In order to determine the level of mosaicism, we developed a real-time allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay for this mutation. The mutant-specific forward primer was 5′-CCCGCGCCAGCAGCACTTTA-3′ and the reverse primer was 5′-ACGCTCAGGCCGTTGG CGGT-3′. Quantitative detection of this mutant was developed using the SYBR Green PCR Master Mix. The melting curve analysis revealed that the mutantspecific amplicon melted at 85.59◦C. The standard curve for the mutant allele was generated by a serial dilution of the proband's DNA with the wild-type DNA on an ABI Prism 7000 sequence detection system (R2 = 0.98). Levels of the mutant allele in the mother sample were calculated based on the value of delta computed tomography and the standard curve. Results showed that 35.6% of leukocytes harboured the mutation. In order to confirm our results, mosaicism was quantified in another tissue. A skin biopsy was obtained from the mother and primary cultures of fibroblasts were performed. DNA was extracted from fibroblast culture, and similar result was obtained although the level of mosaicism was lower in fibroblasts than in peripheral blood cells. We estimated the level of the mosaicism at 9.7% in mother's fibroblasts. Mosaicism has been documented for chromosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial mutations, triplet repeats, and in growing number of dominant and recessive X-linked gene disorders (5). Because a proportion of cells carry the mutation not only in blood but also in other tissues deriving from other cell lineages, it must be assumed that the mutation must have occurred early during embryogenesis in a cell that contributed to both germline and somatic tissues. We show for the first time to our knowledge that somatic mosaicism for FOXG1 mutations in individuals is not infrequent. This report has important consequences for genetic counselling. The occurrence of somatic and germ cell mosaicism represents a matter of concern to the genetic counsellor, because it causes uncertainty about the recurrence risk in parents who appear to be non-carriers using classical approaches.


According to an example, build temperature modulation may include determining a characteristic of an object to be produced by three-dimensional printing. The three-dimensional printing may divide theobject into a plurality of printing areas for producing the object by using a fusing agent. The build temperature modulation may further include determining, based on the characteristic of the objectto be produced by the three-dimensional printing, a fusing agent flux amount of the fusing agent sufficient to oversaturate a printing area of the plurality of printing areas to modulate temperaturesrelated to the plurality of printing areas to a substantially constant temperature across the plurality of printing areas.


The problems of interpreting the organisation of animals and symbols in Palaeolithic cave paintings are legion, and some were discussed in the first part of this editorial essay (Wade and Melcher 2006). We will present another difficulty before highlighting the issues by means of an example. The ways we now view the cave paintings are radically different from conditions under which they are likely to have been produced. Prehistoric visitors to the caves probably viewed the pictures by burning torchlight. Few remains of lamps (that would have burned animal fat) have been discovered, and those that have been found are mainly in the shallow areas of caves; there is also a lack of residue from the lamps on the ceilings. The cave paintings were made and viewed in dark-adapted conditions under torchlight, which gives a warm, yellow-orange light. The pigments used by the artists were predominantly red and black, with less use of yellow, brown, and white. Under torchlight, yellow would have appeared more like orange, and the red would have been paler and browner: these are more representative colours for the hides of the animals represented. Moreover, torchlight, in contrast to lamplight, is much more flickering, which may have heightened the impression that the animals were moving. Many of the abstract symbols and the frequent patterns of dots, which were almost always painted in red, may have been particularly visible to the dark-adapted eye. We wish to demonstrate how it is possible to propose a potentially plausible but ultimately untestable interpretation of some paintings we saw at El Castillo. Within the cave there is a representation of two animals that partially overlap, so that the horns of one share the contour of the tail of the other (figure 1, top). Could this be one of the earliest expressions of perceptual ambiguity in a picture? It might seem like a possibility from this representation. However, we should look a little deeper into the chain of reasoning that is involved in such an assertion. First, these are drawings derived from the painting on the cave wall; they are in crisp outline and on a flat surface. The paintings themselves are much more difficult to discern from their background, which is furrowed and uneven (figure 1, bottom). The eye of the copyist cannot be assumed to be innocent. Second, there is the question regarding the stages at which pictorial ambiguity can be produced or appreciated. It seems unlikely that ambiguity would have been produced without some reasonably sophisticated understanding of the relationship between pictorial images and their referents. We know that children perceive reversals of pictorial ambiguities only after they have appreciated the alternative possibilities; that is, after they have understood the relationship between the pictorial image and the alternative interpretations of it (Doherty and Wimmer 2005). Should the cave artists be credited with entertaining such alternative representations? Even when tracings from paintings on cave walls were made by Henri Breuil they conveyed a clarity that did not exist on the cave walls (see figure 2). Pictures in books are necessarily constrained by techniques of printing. Cartailhac and Breuil's (1906) book is remarkable because Breuil provided photographs, taken at the site, alongside the outline drawings that were printed. Without the drawings it can be difficult to determine the animals shown in the photographs or the postures they assume. Of course, neither the photographs nor the drawings convey adequately the three-dimensional surfaces on which the paintings were made. In the instance of the two animals at El Castillo, we have no evidence that the paintings were produced at the same time or Guest editorial essay Perception, 2006, volume 35, pages 719 ^ 722


Herein, we report the structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline SrCo1-xVxO3-δ (x = 0.05 and 0.1) samples. Room temperature x-ray diffraction analysis shows "314 – type" tetragonal structure (S. G.: I4/mmm) with a 2ap × 2ap × 4ap type unit cell. The micron size particles with triangular shapes were observed in morphology studies by the scanning electron microscopy. The weight losses observed from the thermogravimetric analyzer for x = 0.05 and 0.1 were ~ 0.75% and ~ 15% respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrational modes were studies in the 400-4000 cm region. The magnetic susceptibility reveals that the materials exhibited ferrimagnetic-type transition above room temperature (359 K and 364 K for x = 0.05 and x = 0.1 respectively). These results, can approach to design of gas sensors or cathode materials.


Based on mesoscale weather analysis technology,the influencing systems of high altitude and surface layer,water vapor conditions,uplifting condition,unstable condition,high and low layer wind field configuration of three short-term rainfall processes in the west of Hexi arid area were analyzed comparativel.The results show that there was trough moving eastward on 500 hPa in Xinjiang,and in front of the low trough there were the wry neck high pressure or ridge of high pressure from Hedong to Zhangye of Gansu province.A low vortex or shear line existed on Qinghai Plateau,at the same time,low trough,shear line or low vortex existed on lower layer,and there was a cold front,convergence line on the ground,which was the key factor for short-time strong rainfall in western Hexi.High altitude jet stream(200 hPa) or high altitude significant streamline entry area on the right side,and high humidity area with ground dew point temperature more than 10 ℃,the absolute specific humidity 6 g/kg on the lower layer,500 hPa wet area,700 hPa significantly high energy tongue,K index more than 30 ℃,increasing CAPE value,these all provided favorable conditions for a short-time strong rainfall.Finally the mesoscale weather analysis conceptual model of short-time strong rainfall was established in arid western Hexi area.


A multi-year series of remote sensing images of the Neva Inlet and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland was analyzed to determine the spatial-temporal variability of the distribution of suspended matter at different scales. Synoptic, seasonal, and interannual variability in the distribution of suspended matter is analyzed, taking into consideration distinctive characteristics of the waters of the Neva Inlet reflecting the variability of sea level and seasonal stratification of water masses. The contributions to pollution of the Inlet by dredging of bottom sediments and construction of urban areas are investigated and the Inlet's present condition is compared to that prevailing during the 1980s.


Tramadol can increase the serum level of serotonin, causing serotonin syndrome, which is a potentially life-threatening condition. Serotonin syndrome occurs when tramadol is used in combination with other drugs that affect serotonin. A patient who had been taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and stopped at 10 days before surgery experienced intermittent heart rate elevation, tremor of the upper extremities and mental change after receiving an infusion of tramadol for postoperative pain control. Although he did not show the typical triad of serotonin syndrome (systemic autonomic dysfunction, neuromuscular impairment and mental status change), the patient was suspected to have serotonin syndrome caused by tramadol. Pain Med 2014; 9: 115-118)


Understanding the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is crucial for hydrological drought monitoring and forecasting. In this study, daily precipitation and streamflow data of 16 sub-catchments in the Huaihe River Basin from 1980 to 2014 are used to establish a framework to quantitatively reveal the propagation relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought and explore the impact of climate, catchment properties, and human activities on drought propagation. The propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is divided into three types. Type-1 propagation indicates that one or several meteorological droughts trigger a hydrological drought. The occurrence probability of Type-1 calculated by the conditional probability on SPI and SRI series varies from 0.25 to 0.48 among all catchments. Features of Type-1 propagation can be concluded as lengthening of duration, amplification of severity, lag of onset time, and reduction of speed. Type-2 propagation indicates that a meteorological drought occurs but no hydrological drought occurs, which accounts for 63–77% of the total meteorological drought events in all catchments. Type-3 indicates that a hydrological drought occurs without a proceeding meteorological drought, which is caused mostly by human activities. The occurrence probability of Type-3 ranges from 0.31 to 0.58. Climate factors have significant effects on hydrological drought duration, while catchment properties represented by topographic index and base flow index significantly relate to hydrological drought severity, propagation time, and occurrence probability of Type-1 propagation. The ratio of crop land reflecting irrigation on hydrological drought is far less than that of topographic index, denoting that the impact of irrigation on hydrological drought is less than that of catchment properties. Reservoirs have significant effects on alleviating the duration and severity of extreme hydrological droughts, but little effects on the average duration and severity of hydrological droughts.


An embodiment of the present invention discloses a message processing method and associated devices, wherein the message processing method comprises the steps as follows: a first network device receives a forwarding message; a flow table matching is performed to the forwarding message, if the forwarding message is not matched, the forwarding message is sent to a second network device after packaged with a far-end tunnel inner layer packaging and a far-end tunnel outer layer packaging, so that the second network device can forward the forwarding message to a control server for processing; a flow table message returned by the second network device is received, wherein the flow table message carries flow table information of the forwarding message and is packaged with a special two-layer frame header; and the flow table message is processed according to operations indicated by Ether type values in the special two-layer frame header. The technical scheme provided by the present invention can effectively solve bottleneck restricted problems of network device control plane, and can realize separation of data forwarding and routing control.


In this study, we propose a high-directivity low-profile patch antenna for microwave wireless power transmission systems. The proposed antenna is analyzed according to fundamental and higher-order modes based on the cavity theory, and high-directivity character-istics are derived with an optimum patch size using the directivity formula. To achieve low-profile characteristics, a high-directivity patch antenna is designed by applying the optimum permittivity, which can simplify the structure and lower the manufacturing cost. For a side length of 0.63 λ 0 and substrate permittivity of 5.4, a maximum directivity of 11.4 dBi is observed. The measured and simu-lated reflection coefficients are − 12 dB and − 12.7 dB at 5.8 GHz, respectively, and the bore-sight gains are 8.5 dBi and 10.1 dBi at 5.8 GHz, respectively.


Electron beam charging and discharging of insulating samples is greatly influenced by electron beam induced conductivity (EBIC). Most prior studies on EBIC focused on inorganic materials; measuring EBIC in organic resist was hampered by high extrinsic leakage and low induced conductivity. We describe here EBIC in thin (1 μm) films of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and thermal SiO2. The measurements were made using the external bias method, with the insulating thin film sandwiched between a metal electrode and a highly doped silicon substrate. Under the same exposure conditions, we found the induced conductivity in PMMA to be almost two orders of magnitude less than that in SiO2. The induced current in PMMA responds linearly to the bias, regardless of the polarity, but the induced current in SiO2 is surprisingly dependent on not only electron beam energy, but also on bias polarity. When the top metal electrode is biased positively and the electron beam has high enough energy to penetrate the electrode and...


The invention discloses a cultivation method for cucumber grafted seedlings in a greenhouse. The method comprises the following steps: a) cultivating rootstocks; b) cultivating scions; c) carrying out pre-grafting preparation; d) grafting the scions; e) carrying out post-grafting management; and f) allowing seedlings to emerge. The rootstocks are cucumber seedlings and the scions are cucumber seedlings. The cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that according to the greenhouse cucumber grafted seedlings provided by the invention, cucumbers are early-maturing and are high in yield and strong in disease resistance, and no obvious influence is posed to the quality of the cucumbers, so that the method is suitable for being widely popularized.


The European Community (EC) was established in 1957 on the basis of an international treaty. The Treaty of Rome formed part of international law, though the Court of Justice was soon eager to emphasise that the 'Community constitutes a new legal order of international law', and that: By contrast with ordinary international treaties, the E … C Treaty has created its own legal system which, on the entry into force, became an integral part of the legal systems of the Member States and which their Courts are bound to apply.


. In this paper, we deal with the Kirchhoff-type equation where λ > 0, V and Q are radial functions, which can be vanishing or coercive at infinity. With assumptions on f just in a neighborhood of the origin, existence and multiplicity of nontrivial radial solutions are obtained via variational methods. In particular, if f is sublinear and odd near the origin, we obtain infinitely many solutions of (P) λ for any λ > 0.


With the continuous development of internet, people cannot live without computers and networks. However, in the process of using network, there are often a lot of security problems. This reduces the user's sense of experience and threatens the security of users' personal information. This study discusses the importance of computer network security, the specific types of security problems and several effective countermeasures. This provides a basis for the development of computer network security.


In teaching grammar in this era especially in error recognition, the learners should know and choose the error option. In this research, the researcher took the error recognition in answering the subject verb agreement and parallel structure since these two parts of error recogniton are important parts in grammar. This study aims at evaluating error recognition of Efl learners in subject-verb agreement and parallel structure. This research used quantitative method explained descriptively. since the population was 18 learners, so the sample used in this research was 18 learners. In collecting data, the questions were 30 questions divided into two categories—subject verb agreement and parallel structure. Then, the learners were asked to answer error recognition about subject-verb agreement and parallel structure, counted the score of the correct number and wrong number, and classified the answer based from the form of the question. The result showed that from all questions, the learners' ability in answering error recognition falls into good level. Findings of the research are divided into two things. First, the error recognition in subject-verb agreement is very difficult to answer by the learners since the learners could not differentiate the subject whether it is singular or plural. While second, the error recognition in parallel structure, especially in paired conjunction, it is easy to understand for the learners since the format of paired conjunction and the word used should be parallel. However, in the comparison, it is hard for the learners to choose the parallel structure of comparison.


erty meant they passionately believed that the labor of both white and black bodies should be properly valued. Vanden Bossche demonstrates that behind (or below) the warring Whigs and Tories were writers who envisioned a new kind of class awareness. Without falling into a narrowly retrospective account of what those radical writers of the mid-century discerned, we can still credit their courage in offering a distinct view of what role workers might play within a liberal state. No regicide was in the cards in 1852, but Edward Jones may still have been onto something in the final verse of his "Song of the Lower Classes":


The flame retardant ABS composites were prepared through melt blending with hydrophobic MH nanoparticles and BPS /Sb2O3as composite flame retardants. The surface morphology and thermal properties of ABS,ABS /MH and ABS /MH /BPS / Sb2O3composites were studied through SEM and TG respectively,and the mechanism was analysised. The results showed that: the thermal stability and the degradation activation energy of ABS were higher than that of ABS /MH /BPS /Sb2O3,but lower than that of ABS/MH. When MH was used alone,it worked in the condensed phase,and the degradation activation energy was increased. But when the composite flame retardant was used,Br-Sb system with higher efficiency played the main role in the gas phase,which led to the decline of the degradation activation energy.


In the problem of location anonymity of the events exposed to a global eavesdropper, we highlight and analyze some aspects that are missing in the prior work, which is especially relevant for the quality of secure sensing in delay-intolerant applications monitoring rare and spatially sparse events, and deployed as large wireless sensor networks with single data collector. We propose an efficient scheme for generating fake network traffic to disguise the real event notification. The efficiency of the scheme that provides statistical source location anonymity is achieved by partitioning network nodes randomly into several dummy source groups. Members of the same group collectively emulate both temporal and spatial distribution of the event. Under such dummy-traffic framework of the source anonymity protection, we aim to better model the global eavesdropper, especially her way of using statistical tests to detect the real event, and to present the quality of the location protection as relative to the adversary's strength. In addition, our approach aims to reduce the per-event work spent to generate the fake traffic while, most importantly, providing a guaranteed latency in reporting the event. The latency is controlled by decoupling the routing from the fake-traffic schedule. A good dummy source group design also provides a robust protection of event bursts. This is achieved at the expense of the significant overhead as the number of dummy source groups must be increased to the reciprocal value of the false alarm parameter used in the statistical test. We believe that the proposed source anonymity protection strategy, and the evaluation framework, are well justified by the abundance of the applications that monitor a rare event with known temporal statistics, and uniform spatial distribution.


The emerging field of dynamic neural networks motivated by recent biological understanding of the way in which the brain encodes discrimination information in a time signal from a large, multi-layed image suggests an approach to fusing data. Pulsed coupled neural networks (PCNNs) have shown a robust ability to segment a single spectral band image into segments for terrain categorization but have not proven to be very robust in structural identification. However, linking fields of PCNNs can easily be configured for scale and/or rotation invariance. Using a variation on the Eckhorn [1990] pulsing neuron model, a PCNN is constructed to reduce the structural information with the spectral information of a coarse resolution hyperspectral image. The configuration of the linking network is studied to try to yield meaningful pulsing signals that can be combined for enhanced segmentation or discrimination.


Degradation of misfolded secretory proteins has long been assumed to occur in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent evidence, however, suggests that such proteins are instead degraded by proteasomes in the cytosol, although it remains unclear how the proteins are transported out of the ER. Here we provide the first genetic evidence that Sec61p, the pore‐forming subunit of the protein translocation channel in the ER membrane, is directly involved in the export of misfolded secretory proteins. We describe two novel mutants in yeast Sec61p that are cold‐sensitive for import into the ER in both intact yeast cells and a cell‐free system. Microsomes derived from these mutants are defective in exporting misfolded secretory proteins. These proteins become trapped in the ER and are associated with Sec61p. We conclude that misfolded secretory proteins are exported for degradation from the ER to the cytosol via channels formed by Sec61p.


Microstrip reflectarrays are flat, light-weight and high gain antennas and often replace conventional parabolic antennas or arrays for high gain and light-weight applications. The reflectarrays normally consist of microstrip elements on a grounded substrate and a primary source antenna. The microstrip elements are designed to reradiate the incident wave with the proper phases required to form a planar phase surface in front of the aperture [1]. The phase range is required up to 360° to compensate for the spatial phase delay between the parabolic curvature and each radiating element location on the flat reflectarray. The required phase of the reflected wave for microstrip rings can be achieved by rotating elements for circular polarization [2] or changing ring sizes [3], but the phase ranges are normally limited to less than 360° on a single layer. To increase the phase range over 360°, a new design of a unit cell, using a microstrip ring and a slot on the ground plane, is proposed in this paper. A prototype Ku-band reflectarray has been fabricated and measured to verify its performance.


Ninety journalists are currently in jail in Turkey for doing their job. Critical voices must not be silenced!  Today, on Friday 21, world journalists ...


The voltage stress caused by turn-off of HVDC thyristor valve is one of the important research objects about its electric characteristics. In this paper, the circuit model proposed in reference for the analysis of turn-off voltage stress was improved and its application range was also widened. Furthermore, Laplace equations about turn-off voltage stress were deduced and a detailed analysis was also performed. The changes of turn-off voltage stress under different application circumstances and those with different circuit parameters were obtained and key factors were also summed up. From the computation and simulation results, it was concluded that the analytical method is available and its computational results are comparatively precise.


Objective: To explore the diagnosis value of combined detection of adenosine deaminase(ADA),mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody and DNA(TB-Ab and TB-DNA) in tuberculous effusion.Methods: Eighty-seven samples of body cavity effusions from tuberculosis patients(n=38) and non tuberculosis patients(n=49) were abstracted for ADA,TB-Ab and TB-DNA detections.Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in all the three indices by chi-square test(P0.05),and among the three indices in the positive rate(P0.05).Positive rate of TB-DNA was the highest,specificity of TB-DNA was the highest as 97.9%,and the sensitivity of combined detection of the three indices sensitivity was increased to 92.1%.Conclusion: Three indices combined detection can improve the sensitivity and detection rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis,and TB-DNA testing is the best in the three indices.


The research included 50 female students aged from 22 to 25, 25 of whom made up the experimental group, and 25 participants who made up the control group. We studied the effects of an aerobic exercise model on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. The exercise model was realized three times a week, with an overall number of 36 training sessions. Each individual training session lasted 60 minutes, consisting of a warm-up (10 minutes), the aerobic part (35 minutes), strength increasing exercise (5-10 minutes) and the cool-down (10 minutes). To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured, along with resting heart rate and heart rate under strain, and VO2max. Body composition was measured using the following parameters: BMI, ∑ skinfolds, Body Fat %, Muscle Mass % and Lean Body Mass %. The basic statistical parameters were calculated, and to determine the differences between the initial and final measuring we used the Cohen effect size (ЕС). The effects of the realized program were determined using a univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The evaluation of the data was performed using Statistica 6.0. Between the initial and final measuring, a statistically significant difference was determined among the applied variables for the evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition among the participants of the experimental group, while in the case of the control group no statistically significant difference was found. The implemented model of aerobic exercise had positive effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of the participants of the experimental group. This research has confirmed that the existing conclusions about the positive effects of aerobic exercise, if it is realized with the appropriate intensity, time and duration.


5251. Adams, J. L. EXPERIMENTAL REPUCATION OF TIlE USE OF GROUND STONE TOOLS. Kiva, 1989,54(3):261-271. Twelve experiments have been conducted using ground stone tools. The used surfaces of these experimental tools have been studied to determine whether definable differences occur in the use-wear patterns. At low-power magnification a difference is observed that is related to the type of material worked against the stone. Concepts borrowed from tribology help to explain the damage that is done to the used surface. Taken together these experiments and the explanatory powers of tribology have exciting implications for better analysis of ground stone tools that can then strengthen the interpretation of prehistoric activities.


Perry Y. Li, Roberto Horowitz, Luis Alvarez, Jonathan Frankel and Anne M. Robertson 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1740 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Link layer controllers for the AVHS architecture proposed in PATH are derived using vehicle conservation ow models. Control laws are developed for three highway topologies: a single lane highway, a highway with multiple discrete lanes and a highway with an arbitrary 2 dimensional ow pattern. The control laws obtained for each of the topologies is distributed and is very suited for implementation at the lower levels of the AVHS control hierarchy. Simulation results are described.


Equality  before  the law and government  should  also  be implemented   for diffable person regarding their position  as citizen of one country Therefore  the promotion, protection and fulfilment of their rights in the development  of the state become urgent and strategic.  Even though there  is regulation concerning  the rights of diffable person  (Law No. 4/1997)  But in reality  the marginalisation of the role of diffable  person still  remain  strong  in Indonesia.    The main problem  is the accessibility  of diffable  person  for having their rights.  In fact, all aspects  of life still difficult to access,  including  education,  work and political area.


A methodology was developed for assessing student performance with respect to program outcomes and course objectives using available graded coursework. The methodology uses a matrix formulation to relate individual coursework problems to program outcomes and course objectives. Assessment data and required mapping matrices are collected in spreadsheet form and automatically transferred to a relational database. Student and class performance with respect to program objectives is calculated using Structured Query Language (SQL) queries and data fitting through least-squares. The methodology was used to collect data, assess student performance, and identify necessary program changes over a four-year period in an engineering program.


This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of leadership behavior, promotion, and physical work environment on the performance of employees of PT. Pawnshop (Persero) Medan. This research method is descriptive quantitative. Population and research sample using saturated sampling technique. Data analysis techniques start from data compilation, data tabulation to the testing stage. The statistical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that 89.3% of employee performance can be explained by independent variables and the remaining 10.7% is explained by other factors that have not been considered in this regression. In conclusion, simultaneously and partially leadership behavior, promotion, and physical work environment have a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Pawnshop (Persero) Medan.
Keywords:Employee Performance, Physical Work Environment, Leadership Behavior, Promotion


This paper investigates the present situation of subscribing the Wanfang data resource in universities of Hunan Province,and advances some countermeasures for expanding Wanfang in Hunan market.


Abstract Course management systems (CMSs) provide opportunities for instructors to create and implement web-based surveys, but some obstacles arise related to software compatibility issues and implementation challenges. Many of these problems can be avoided and others overcome through creative solutions. Introduction Since the dawn of the World Wide Web a decade ago, interest in web-based survey use has grown steadily. Research is still in the early stages of tapping the potential and discovering the limitations of using this medium for survey research. Nevertheless, the literature is rife with articles extolling the virtues of web-based surveys. Other researchers take a more cautious approach identifying problems with using this medium for survey research. One area of limited research that warrants further attention is the implementation of surveys in web-based course management systems (CMSs). This paper describes some of the implications manifested with the use of a WebCT survey during a study of web-based instruction and describes the solutions to these issues within one web-based CMS (WebCT). CMSs are web-based software programs that provide an authoring interface and tools that allow instructors to create, facilitate and manage a course online without requiring knowledge of programming or web-development expertise. The popularity and proliferation of web-based CMSs have increased the use of surveys integrated within them. Regrettably, a thorough understanding of the implications and problems of surveys within this context has not accompanied this trend. One popular CMS used by many institutions in the U.S. is WebCT (www.webct.com). WebCT provides instructors more than 30 tools (including a survey tool) to help them create a web-based password-protected environment for their students. Because of the nature of this web-based context, some issues associated with web-based surveys identified in the literature are non-existent or minimized with the use of WebCT. The survey tool in WebCT assists an instructor in creating and implementing a web-based survey. This tool permits a number of options and capabilities such as providing anonymity for students participating in the survey, importing questions, permitting six types of question formats, integrating video and audio, tracking of non-participants, tracking of time spent on each question and on each survey, limiting participants to one survey attempt, automatically setting up a release date and end date of survey, and exporting of data to statistical packages. In spite of these benefits, the implementation of the survey tool in WebCT is not without challenges and implications that have not been widely documented in the literature. Literature Review Advantages of using web-based surveys include the ability to process results without separate data entry, cost savings, speed of processing and higher response rates if they are combined with other survey modes (Fricker & Schonlau, 2002) and the ability to observe participants' patterns of responding (Nichols & Sedivi, 1998). More technical involvement is needed in implementing and administrating a web-based survey compared to either a mail or telephone survey, but the electronic automation of a survey can save time during various stages of the survey process. Web-based surveys are automated through four processes consisting of 1) construction and format of the survey in digital format, 2) management of the survey, 3) download of the resulting survey data, and 4) the processing and analysis of the data. Technical issues often accompany electronic automation, and web-based surveys are no exception. Technical issues related to web-based surveys include the setup of the survey, navigation from question to question, and the compatibility of the survey with various browsers and hardware and software configurations (Schonlau et al., 2002). The use of technology can greatly enhance the format, experience and complexity of web-based surveys by providing capabilities that do not exist in other survey formats. …


The purpose of the research was to identify the use of rice cultivars in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate for the what's up application, to determine the degree of difficulty of use of the rice farmers interviewed for the what's up application, to determine the degree of satisfaction of the farmers about the use of application as an extension method of communication and to identify the relationship between respondents' satisfaction with using what's up extension, Use of as a communication method between the farmers and the guide, the disadvantages of using application as a way of communication from the point of view of the respondents, the degree of preference of the farmer between the use of application and the use of other communication methods to communicate with the guides The reasons for the preference, and obstacles to the use of farmers for application and their suggests to solve them. The rice farmers were selected in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate because it is the governorate that occupies the first place in the rice production. A (60) farmers with total of (167) from the rice farmers who have a phone are available. application is available to all those who are interested in the agricultural research station in Sakha. (9,8,7) 2018. frequencies , percentages and Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, arithmetic mean were used to analyze field research data. The most important results were: 1. The results showed that the farmers' use of what's up application was in the conversation with friends in the first place, then communication with the agricultural engineer in second place, then communication with the extension agency in third place, then communication with the research centers. 2. The results showed that there is no respondents using application difficult to it,and about (5%) of the respondents the use of application was the average difficulty for them,and about (95%) of the respondents use the application very easy for them. 3. As for the degree of satisfaction of respondents with regard to using application as an extension communication method, it was high and moderate (75%) and (25%) of respondents respectively 4 - The relationship between the degree of satisfaction of respondents and age has shown a strong inverse relationship, as it increases satisfaction with the young age and decreases satisfaction with the age of the respondents. 5. the respondents considered that using what's up as a means of extension communication, there very advantages and rate of arithmetic mean(90.93%). 6. As for the disadvantages of using application as an extension communication method, 45% of the respondents considered that one of the disadvantages ofusing application as an indicative communication method is the possibility of the guide's reliance on the what's up application in communicating with the farmers and not visiting them, while about (38.3%), (31.6%) of the respondents understand the messages written on the phone in another meaning that is not intended, As for the delay of the guide in responding to farmers' complaints, or that the farmers do not prefer modern technology and telephones, or the farmer needs a limit to be released, or that the farmer looks weak and can not concentrate in the written on the telephone screen, about( 15%), (10%), (10%), (3%), and (3.3%) of the respondents, respectively. 7.( 80%) of the respondents prefer to use the what's up application as an extension communication method. 6.7% of the respondents prefer other methods of communication, while about 13.3% prefer the integration between different communication methods and the what's up application 8. The most important obstacles that can hinder all farmers from using the what's up application to communicate with the agricultural extension are the lack of knowledge of all the farmers with the application, lack of internet in all villages, the absence of training programs for training in the use of the application and the lack of modern telephones with each Farmers, farmers need to learn program literacy, illiteracy rate.


Abstract : Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems provide key capabilities to the coalition and national command authorities for intelligence collection, exploitation and battle management. ISR systems support the full range of component commanders at all levels of command. Further, both coalition and national command authorities may employ exploited and pre-exploited ISR information in the development of politico-military options for military and civil operations within an area of operations (AO). As a result, ISR information provides a critical piece of information for both military commanders and their civilian counterparts operating in the same AO and will likely be in demand for contingency operations from disaster relief to military conflict. This paper will present the key findings of experimentation employing network enabled databases and ISR management tools for dissemination of ISR data and information. Subjects to be addressed include but are not limited to information security and cross domain data transfer, network resource allocation and tools provided for review and minimization of bandwidth requirements, tasking and management of ISR systems by end users outside of traditional networks, communications capabilities and limitations realized through collaboration functions and web enabled applications as well as ISR command and control in an open network of multiple end users.


Syntactic structure features can improve the performance of prosodic phrase prediction. But only using the syntactic structure features, the performance of the algorithm is worse than the traditional text features. In this paper, we use the statistical machine learning method (CART, Adaboost and CRF) for prosodic phrase prediction based on the shallow semantic features. Experiments show that the shallow semantic features can effectively improve the performance of prosodic prediction model. And we also optimized the features, and divided them into the global and local semantic structures. The optimized experiments show that the optimized features can improve the performance of the model.


This paper demonstrates the implementation of the Distributed Mode Loudspeaker [1-3] into an electro-mechano-acoustical network simulator based on the lumped element method [4]. To be able to take into account the mechanical coupling to the frame, the DML is separated in electromechanic and in mechanic-acoustical transducer-modules. In this way the necessary flexibility in modelling is maintained as well as a straightforward application for panel and system design. Introduction The Distributed Mode Loudspeaker (DML) is an electro-acoustic transducer based on the radiation of modal bending wave shapes. An interesting effect is that such a diaphragm produces an acoustical image of the mechanical driving points in the far-field. Since these driving points are small compared with the wave-length in air approximately true point source radiation can be achieved. Close to the DML a complex radiation pattern can be observed. The DML diaphragm is driven at special points by so-called exciters. For an even frequencydistribution of modes these points are chosen in such a way that as many modes as possible are excited. On the other hand the panel-edges are not supported and are free vibrating. The electromechanical transducer is usually an inertial driver with an electro-dynamic motor. The mechanics of such an exciter are similar to conventional loudspeaker drivers but the mass of the magnet must be taken into account and there is no diaphragm. A single panel can be driven using multiple exciters. In simulations with DMLs the mechanical domain is strongly influenced by the way the panel is mounted in a frame and connected to the exciters. Therefore it is appropriate to use special elements for the electro-mechanic transducers and elements for the mechanic-acoustic transmission. In this way there is an interface in the mechanical domain to couple additional 1 Formerly J. W. Panzer & Partner, D-81667 Munich


Summary This study aim to investigate the structural changes of a lacustrine Type-II kerogen, by taking the seventh Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (Chang 7 Shale) as an example. Integrated analysis including elemental analysis, programmed pyrolysis (Rock-Eval), FT-IR, and 13C NMR were conducted on the unheated and post-pyrolysis rocks and kerogens. Results show that before the peak hydrocarbon-generating stage (Ro 1.09%), the reactions in the previous two stages produce a highly aromatic kerogen. The increased aromaticity of the highly matured kerogen is likely to be caused by aromatization or dehydrogenation of hydroaromatics and coking of aromatic bitumen, not by fusing or condensation of aromatic rings.


ABSTRACT Recent debates among scholars in Literature education have led to polarizing views about the aims of the subject. The debate reignites ancient quarrels about the aesthetic and political values of literary study and relatedly, the different pedagogical approaches to teaching. In the first part of this paper, I explore the aesthetic-political divide in Literature education paying particular attention to how this was reinforced by New Criticism and Poststructuralist Criticism as these were key movements that have had a significant influence on the teaching of Literature in schools. More importantly, I argue that such a divide exemplified the different goals of the West, in which Literature education originated as a platform for the cultivation of taste, and Postcolonial countries, in which the subject was utilized as a political tool for colonization resulting in acts of mimicry and subversion among colonized subjects. In the second part of the paper, I apply third space theory to disrupt the aesthetic-political divide. I discuss the need to create third spaces in Literature classrooms that are critical, inclusive, negotiated and ethical allowing students to engage with aesthetic, political and ethical dimensions of literature.


The quality of services provided by teachers in SD Negeri Cijeruk Sub-district, Bogor Regency is not yet optimal, work motivation is not yet optimal and the organizational climate is not conducive causing low teacher work productivity. HR quality is the key to success. This study aims to explore the relationship between work motivation and organizational climate with teacher work productivity. The study was conducted at public elementary schools in Cijeruk Sub-district, Bogor Regency in March 2016. The study population was 117 teachers and the sample was 90 teachers using proportional random sampling technique. Data collection for each variable studied using a Likert scale questionnaire. The analysis technique uses partial correlation and multiple correlation. The results showed a positive relationship between work motivation and teacher work productivity (correlation coefficient ry 1 = 0.59 and determination coefficient r 2 y 1 = 0.35), there was a positive relationship between organizational climate and teacher work productivity (correlation coefficient ry 2 = 0.62 and coefficient of determination r 2 y 2 = 0.38) and there is a positive and very significant relationship between work motivation and organizational climate together with teacher work productivity (correlation coefficient ry 12 = 0.56 and determination coefficient r 2 y 12 = 0.31). Thus it can be concluded that teacher work productivity can be increased through work motivation and organizational climate both partially and together.


We at CGFNS International (the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools, Philadelphia, Pa) noted with interest the article by Polsky et al.1 We agree with their conclusions that foreign-trained nurses are a substantial part of the US nursing workforce and that the impact of foreign-trained nurses is likely to grow in coming years. Our own findings suggest that the trend in US employment of foreign-trained nurses has continued to grow in this decade, with increasing numbers of foreign-trained nurses applying to the CGFNS VisaScreen Program, a federal screening program for nurses seeking US occupational visas. The Philippines, India, Canada, and South Korea were the primary source countries for 2003–2006 Visa Screen applications.2 The important role of foreign-trained nurses in US health care delivery has been recognized for more than a decade3–5 and is clearly rooted in market forces.

Polsky et al. raised concern that the "aggressive recruitment of nurses from overseas will not be met with equally vigorous assurance of the quality and skills of the immigrating nurses."1(p895) As Polsky et al. indicated, foreign-trained nurses are more likely than their US counterparts to have a bachelor's degree, comparable work experience, and higher income. What was not noted in the article is that the US government has established rigorous steps for assuring that foreign nurses entering the US workforce are qualified to do so. The 1996 immigration law6 requires that all foreign nurses undergo a screening program that verifies that their education is comparable to that of a nurse educated in the United States, their nursing licenses are valid and unencumbered, they have proficiency in written and spoken English, and they have passed a test of nursing knowledge, either the CGFNS Qualifying Examination or the US licensure examination. CGFNS was named in the 1996 immigration law to conduct the screening program, and through its VisaScreen Program, protects the US public by ensuring that the credentials and nursing knowledge of foreign nurses are comparable to those of nurses educated in the United States.

Although it is true that the international migration of nurses has the potential of depleting the supply of vital professionals in some poorer nations that can ill afford to lose them, the issue is complex and must be examined within the context of the nurse's right to migrate. The international migration of nurses provides individual and family opportunity for employment, income, and security that may not be available in the countries of origin. Moreover, the return of money home to the countries of origin is significant and can be used for investment, cutting poverty, and upgrading education.7


Accelerating genetic algorithm (AGA) and least square method(LSM) were used to solving the parameters of gray GM(1,1) model for the modellings of stable data sequence and unstable deta sequence, respectively. It is shown that there is little difference of the precisions of model to solving parameters between AGA and LSM for stable data sequence, but the precision of fitting and forecasting of model to solving parameters based on AGA is much more than that of LSM for unstable data sequence.


Food Safety was started in November 2013 as a scientific journal issued by Food Safety Commission of Japan. (FSCJ) to promote domestic and global communications on food-related sciences. This journal was published quarterly and switched only to electronic publication since the year of 2014. All the issued are listed in J-Stage (https://www. jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/foodsafetyfscj/-char/en) and also the published issues of 2016 or later are listed in PubMed Central. This journal is aiming to cover wide varieties of scientific interests on foods, particularly 1) pathogenesis and toxicity of biological, chemical and physical factors in foods and the related, 2) risk factors in food-chain, 3) controls and epidemiology of food-mediated diseases and 4) foods and food-related items produced through genetic sciences and innovative sciences like nano-materials. Possible changes in trends of subject categories were expected in Food Safety, although relatively short-periods of the publication. A survey was thus conducted to understand interests of the authors and readers on this journal. The survey was divided into two periods before and after a year of 2016. Data were categorized into arbitrarily determined nine-fields. AMR (Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria) is only added in the second period because of the recent introduction. Fields listed are 1) contaminants in foods, 2) food additives, 3) microorganisms and viruses, 4) natural-toxins and mycotoxins, 5) novel foods and genetically modified foods, 6) pharmacology including drug metabolism, 7) prion, 8) risk communication, and 9) toxicology (in alphabetical order). As the results, studies on contaminants in foods and prion shared high rates of the publications, followed by reports on microorganisms and viruses and natural-toxins and mycotoxins, in the first period. Actual numbers of the publications of contaminants in foods and prion were decreased in the second period, probably reflections of calming down of social concerns on BSE and pesticide uses. Reports on microorganisms and viruses and natural-toxins and mycotoxins were in turn increased to share the highest published fields. These increases may be associated with the regulatory alterations. Present survey results indicate no obvious changes in publication fields of Food Safety, although certain extents of fluctuations in the publication ratios are detected. For the ease of readers, individual publication list is noted as follows: List of publication in the first period from No. 1 to 581–58). List of publication in the second period from No. 59 to 15759–160). ©2021 Food Safety Commission, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan doi: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00007 Food Safety 2021; Vol. 9, No. 2, 25–31


It is very important to research ±1000 kV UHVDC current transformer,and analyzing skin effect by shunt in ±1000 kV,±1000 kV UHVDC current transformer is necessary to research the transformer in depth.Consequently,the development necessity of ±1000 kV UHVDC current transformer was discussed,moreover,the section,configuration,performance,and other key technology of ±1000 kV UHVDC current transformer were researched in detail by analyzing skin effect by shunt in ±1000 kV and structural designing of ±500 kV HVDC in guizhou-gaungzhou.The designed ±1000 kV UHVDC current transformer can satisfy the requests of error character.The results can develop ±1000 kV UHVDC current transformer by holding key technology.


Fractals and multivalued fractals play an important role in biology, quantum mechanics, computer graphics, dynamical systems, astronomy and astrophysics, geophysics, etc. Especially, there are important consequences of the iterated function (or multifunction) systems theory in several topics of applied sciences. It is known that examples of fractals and multivalued fractals are coming from fixed point theory for single-valued and multivalued operators, via the so-called fractal and multi-fractal operators. On the other hand, the most common setting for the study of fractals and multi-fractals is the case of operators on complete or compact metric spaces. The purpose of this paper is to extend the study of fractal operator theory for multivalued operators on complete b-metric spaces.


Based on the project of a circular deep foundation excavation in Shanghai,the technique of half-inverted construction on circular deep foundation excavation was introduced under complex geological conditions,such as soft clay,confined water and complex circumjacent condition,and so on.Base on the results of construction supervision during excavation,the informative supervision of retaining structure transformation and the deep well point operation was emphasized,The mechanical performance and construction technique,were analyzed and much useful experience was obtained.


This paper investigates the problem of designing a decentralized static output feedback control for a class of large‐scale interconnected discrete‐time systems with quantized signals and time‐varying actuator faults wherein the control input is quantized by means of logarithmic quantizer to avoid chattering. Based on Lyapunov stability theory together with the improved reciprocally convex approach, sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Specifically, with the aid of cone complementarity linearization technique, the control law is derived which ensures the asymptotic stabilization of considered system with prescribed H∞ performance index and also guarantees optimum cost bound in spite of quantization and fault occurs. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the significance of the designed control method.


Abstract
 This chapter proceeds to argue that every national plant protection organizations (NPPO) should establish a risk management process. It illuminates the content of that process by focusing, one by one, on the responsibilities of risk managers, risk assessors, and risk communicators in such a process.


A theoretical study of small amplitude waves generated by a sinusoidally oscillating wedge-shape plunger in a finite depth wave tank is presented in this paper by using a semi-analytical method, the boundary collocation method. The ratios between wave amplitude and wavemaker stroke are established. This theory is compared to the conformal transformation method and laboratory measurements. Results show that this theory is in reasonably good agreement with the laboratory data.


Incorporating both viscous friction torque and external torque, a mathematical model of a gyrostat system consisting of three rotors and a fixed outer frame is configured. This model is transformed into a Kolmogorov-type system for force analysis. The force field in the gyrostat system includes four different torques—inertial, internal, dissipative, and external. Correspondingly, four different energies are identified and the interconversion of energies is analyzed. The Casimir power being equivalent to the error power between the supplied power and the dissipative power is found and used to analyze the mechanism underlying the different dynamical behaviors. A four-wing chaotic attractor is found when the gyrostat is subject to a combination of inertial, internal, and dissipative torques as well as the addition of an external torque. The bifurcation of the Casimir power and leaps in Casimir energy level are used as indicators of the different definitive dynamics, which is demonstrated to be identical to that appearing in the state bifurcation and the Lyapunov exponent spectrum.


Even if health literacy has been considered, in the beginning, as an individual-level construct, public health literacy has recently gained more and more importance, and it takes into account the complex social, ecologic, and systemic forces affecting health and well-being. Is it so possible to measure HL in its different dimensions? How can we measure it at an individual, community, organizational level? The HL measurement tools can explore many different settings, and in the future they will be a key instrument for healthcare organizations to shift to a real citizen-centered vision.


©American Political Science Association, 2017 This report summarizes the work of the American Political Science Association's Presidential Task Force on Racial and Class Inequalities in the Americas. The main goal of the task force was to investigate the relationship between race and class in producing material, political, and social inequalities in the nations of the Americas. The task force also examined how the political systems in these countries work to foment and/or ameliorate inequalities that track with ethnic and racial identities and socioeconomic status. Clearly, enormous diversity exists among the 55 nations of the Americas (see Appendix I). At the same time, a sizable majority of these nations share features that make them ripe for comparative analyses along the dimensions of inquiry suggested here: inequality, particularly as it relates to race and class. All of these nations were founded on a history of European imperialism and settler colonialism that ravaged indigenous populations beginning in the fifteenth century (Jennings 1975; Todorov 1984). The majority of these nations also participated in the transatlantic slave trade that brought upwards of 12 million Africans to the western hemisphere between 1525 and 1866 (Eltis 2000; Eltis and Richardson 2010). Both the early economic growth of these nations and the expansion of their European populations through immigration are traceable to their participation in the transatlantic slave trade and the exploitation of African labor during their colonial eras (Drescher 1977; Eltis 1987; Williams 1944). At some point in their histories, almost all of the nations of the Americas have used ethnic and racial differences and/ or socioeconomic status to confer citizenship rights on an unequal basis (Andrews 2004; Telles et al. 2014). By the end of the twentieth century, nearly all of these nations had experienced some form of democratic transition that, in name at least, institutionalized the principle of equal citizenship. At the same time, many nations in the hemisphere had implemented various types of social welfare and poverty-reduction programs, as well as (in some cases) public policies aimed at reducing racial and ethnic disparities. Despite these changes in conferring citizenship status and legal rights, widespread disparities remain on most indicators of socioeconomic wellbeing, service provision, basic safety, and political influence along racial, ethnic, and class lines. The chapters in this report document these gaps and explore the causes of their persistence. The work of the task force unfolded in a period in which political science has begun to pay greater attention to the causes and The Double Bind: The Politics of Racial and Class Inequalities in the Americas Executive Summary


American religious thinkers of the mid-twentieth century regularly included appreciative comments about Martin Buber's thought in their books and essays, but they seldom stated specifically what they were drawing from Buber. Their comments did, however, tend to circle around a single issue: modern social, political, and technological changes were destabilizing both the sense of "the uniqueness of human selfhood" and the possibility of its distinctively "religious existence." They sought a third way through the modern cultural and religious problem of the self, and they took Martin Buber as their guide.


Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that perform a variety of biological functions linked to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), for examples, exosomes are responsible for the release of Aβ oligomers, and their extracellular accumulation, although the underpinning molecular machinery remains elusive. We propose a novel model for Alzheimer's Aβ accumulation based on Ca2+-dependent exosome release from astrocytes. Moreover, we exploit our model to assess how temperature dependence of exosome release could interact with Aβ neurotoxicity. We predict that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) along with the transient-receptor potential M8 (TRPM8) channel are crucial molecular components in Alzheimer's progression.