Presence of harmonics in a power system is a major concern to power engineers for many years. With increasing use of nonlinear loads in power systems, the harmonic pollution becomes more serious. When the magnitudes and orders of harmonics are known, reconstructing the distorted waveform is simple. Adding the harmonics together, point by point, produces the distorted waveform. Decomposing a distorted waveform into its harmonic components is considerably more difficult. This process requires frequency analysis, which involves a fair amount of calculation. The wavelet transform (WT) relative to some basic wavelet, provides a flexible time-frequency window which automatically narrows when observing high- frequency phenomena and widens when studying low- frequency environments. A wavelet is a waveform of effectively limited duration that has an average value of zero. One of the widely used computation algorithm for harmonic analysis is Fast Fourier transform (FFT). This paper reports an attempt of implementation of TMS320C6713 based harmonic analyzer. First, the supply voltage is stepped down using a step-down transformer. The output of TMS320C6713 DSK is observed on oscilloscope.


tradutores: Eduardo Soares Nunes / Roberta Cerri  / Marcela Stockler Coelho de Souza revisora: Marcela Stockler Coelho de Souza traduzido de TAYLOR, Anne-Christine. The Soul's Body and Its States: An Amazonian Perspective of Being Human. The Journal Of The Royal Anthropological Institute. Vol. 2, No. 2 (Jun., 1996), pp. 201-215.


Comparative milk yield performance of indigenous stock cross bred with exotic breeds such as Jersey and Holstein Friesian has demonstrated improved milk yield. Cattle with genetic grades obtained by cross breeding affect milk production traits increasing efficiency. Milk production in four 5/8 Friesian and 3/8 Sahiwal cross bred cattle were analysed using 173 lactation recordings from the years 2002–2005. The results demonstrate the 5/8 Friesian and 3/8 Sahiwal cross bred cattle out produced the pure breed Sahiwal cattle irrespective of their age at the live stock unit of the Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences.


The phytochemical contents of the Glochidionlittorale Blume has not been studied enough as compared to other related medicinal plants, but traditional usage of this tropical shrub suggests the presence of beneficial pharmacological properties. To assess the presence of common phytochemical constituents as well as to determine the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in G. littorale fruit extracts. Two different solvents (ethanol and ethyl acetate), phytochemicals from G. littorale fruits were extracted and used to assess their antioxidative and free radical scavenging properties. Ethanolic extract possesses higher amount of TPC and TFC as compared to ethyl acetate extract. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study on screening bioactive compounds in G. littorale fruits. This tropical shrub might be a good source of natural antioxidants and beneficial phytochemicals.


There was no significant difference in serological titers when different groups of guinea pigs (Hartley strain) infected with varying doses of mycelial phase of Histoplasma duboisii (one, two, seven, and no injections) were superinfected with Listeria monocytogenes 6 months later. The immunological response of infected animals which received two biweekly intraperitoneal injections of Histoplasma duboisii and were superinfected after 40 days with homologous and heterologous organisms was used for comparison. In general, animals receiving a single injection of Histoplasma duboisii had no complement-fixing antibodies against this antigen; however, positive skin and precipitin reactions did occur. Animals receiving several injections of Histoplasma duboisii had a higher complement-fixation titer (1:16 to 1:256) than those with two injections (1:8 to 1:32). After superinfection with Listeria monocytogenes, animals which received seven injections of Histoplasma duboisii showed a slight reduction in the number o...


The mechanical properties of individual yeast cells were measured using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Samples were taken throughout two controlled fermentations conducted as per ASBC Yeast-14: one utilized ale yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, "red ale") and the other utilized a lager strain (S. pastorianus, "SMA"). At least five lager and five ale cells were tested at each fermentation phase (start, middle, and end). Cell compression was induced by a MEMS squeezer, and displacement measurements were taken using optical microphotographs. The failure of each cell was similar; the cell would undergo minor deformation until visible rupture occurred, followed by significant cell shrinkage. Across all fermentation phases ale cells ruptured under an average force of 0.28 ± 0.05 μN, whereas lager cells ruptured at 0.47 ± 0.10 μN. The average stiffness at the midpoint of fermentation was found to be 4.8 ± 1.0 and 5.3 ± 0.9 μN/μm for ale and lager cells, respectively. The use of MEMS technology to study physical characteristics of brewing yeast during fermentation has not previously been attempted (to the authors' knowledge). This study may assist brewers in the selection of process parameters to improve yeast health and in the design of novel yeast handling technologies.


le defines the term "competent rock mass". Taking the definition as a cryterium, a classification for the contour stability of an underground opening is proposed. Engineering- geological aspects, influencing rock mass competency are discussed. On the base of analysis of rock mass competency, general principals of tunnel rout choice, support systems and tunnelling technologies are proposed. To drive an underground working is a challenge to nature. It leads to instantaneously stress release of contour of the open- ing and change of natural field of stresses in the rock mass. Under certain geological conditions, this could cause serious problems in driving and maintaining the underground workings, such as: • rock bursts; • rock falls or cavings; • floor heaving or rock squeezing; • water inflow: dripping, inrush, impoundment; • inrush of quicksand.


Many types of water ice can have semiconducting properties, particularly when doped, due to their crystalline structure. These properties may possibly lend the material to being used to create photovoltaic cells on distant planetary bodies. A band gap of 7.8 eV for cubic ice and 5.15 eV for ice XI give a solar spectral radiance of 1.51x10 -11 W sr -1 m -2 Hz -1 and 9.45x10 -10 W sr -1 m -2 Hz -1 respectively. This gives a very low amount of useful radiation at Europa and an even smaller amount 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, bringing extreme doubt on the use of this novel method.


A Cincinnati public school mixes a healthy dose of activity with a rigorous academic curriculum. The result, school officials hope, will be adults who are both physically and mentally fit.


Forty present or past societies having distinguishable minority groups are analyzed to discover possible relations between their social structure and the form and intensity of intergroup prejudice, discrimination, and conflict. Significant correlations are found in a number of areas.—Editor


The aim of segmentation is to find the syntactic structure of a video the author used. This paper presents two motion-based methods of segmentation to decompose structured and unstructured videos in its content elements.


Deep neural networks such as Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) and Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) represent the state-of-the-art for many machine learning and computer vision classification problems. To overcome the large computational cost of deep networks, spiking deep networks have recently been proposed, given the specialized hardware now available for spiking neural networks (SNNs). However, this has come at the cost of performance losses due to the conversion from analog neural networks (ANNs) without a notion of time, to sparsely firing, event-driven SNNs. Here we analyze the effects of converting deep ANNs into SNNs with respect to the choice of parameters for spiking neurons such as firing rates and thresholds. We present a set of optimization techniques to minimize performance loss in the conversion process for ConvNets and fully connected deep networks. These techniques yield networks that outperform all previous SNNs on the MNIST database to date, and many networks here are close to maximum performance after only 20 ms of simulated time. The techniques include using rectified linear units (ReLUs) with zero bias during training, and using a new weight normalization method to help regulate firing rates. Our method for converting an ANN into an SNN enables low-latency classification with high accuracies already after the first output spike, and compared with previous SNN approaches it yields improved performance without increased training time. The presented analysis and optimization techniques boost the value of spiking deep networks as an attractive framework for neuromorphic computing platforms aimed at fast and efficient pattern recognition.


In recent measurements of prompt γ rays from the spontaneous fission of Cf, the focus was put on the study of angular correlations between γ rays and the nuclei from which they were emitted, and the dependence between prompt fission γ-ray characteristics and fission fragment mass, respectively. First preliminary results are presented and compared to results from other experiments as well as from model calculations.


This report consist of a pilot version of a contextual inquiry research carried out to support the R&D department of Neopost Technologies in their design and decision making process. The goal of this research is twofold. On one hand the research will help to create a better understanding inside Neopost about who their customers are and what the customer environments look like. On the other hand executing this user research, following the contextual inquiry method, will provide information on the use of this method for Neopost Technologies.


AbstractIt has been established that the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect in the AlMg6 aluminum–magnesium alloy deformed in an aqueous medium is accompanied by an intermittent electrochemical response, such as the negative jumps of the electrode potential of the sample, which occur simultaneously with the jumps of the mechanical stress on the deformation curve. Statistical and fractal analyses of the stepwise component of the electrode potential indicate the presence of long-term correlations in the structure of the electrochemical response, which are typical for the state of self-organized criticality. A possible mechanism of the appearance of jumps of the electrode potential, which is associated with the dynamics of deformation bands, is discussed.


The Read to Me program will pay the shipping costs for the costume at $140 per site. First preference for costume character placement is public libraries who share a costume with another public library. Libraries are also encouraged to arrange for the character to visit at least one other venue (school, Head Start center, etc.) in their community and to invite opinion leaders to your event during Idaho Family Reading Week, November 14 – 21, 2010.


. Custovic A, Simpson BM, Simpson A, Kissen P, Woodcock A. Effect of environmental manipulation in pregnancy and early life on respiratory symptoms and atopy during first year of life: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 358:188–193. [13] Downs SH, Marks GB, Mitakakis TZ, et al. Having lived on a farm and protection against allergic disease in Australia. Clin Exp Allergy 2001; 31:570–575. Jimenez A, Quirce S, Maranon F, FernandezCaldas E, Cuesta J, delasHeras M, Sastre J. Allergic asthma to pet hares. Allergy 2001; 56:1107–1108.


The Old Regime and the Revolution by Tocqueville analyzes the social conditions before the French Revolution according to the three factors of studies on revolution and social movement: social changes, structure and discourse. The discussion about social changes is mainly related to the relative deprivation during a period of economic growth. Before the revolution, decades of prosperity stimulated peoples' desires, and when the old social system couldn't satisfy the needs for growth, people developed the feeling of deprivation and then intended to have the revolution. Social structure was divided in two parts: centralism and the split relations of classes. Consequently, the revolution destroyed the monarchy immediately for the whole nation lacked a middle zone as a cushion or the effective organization of all the classes. In discourse, the popular literary politics emphasized freedom and equality, which encouraged revolution. However, it was actually a Utopia, lacking the concrete plans for revolution and a new society.


Recently, there has been an explosion in the design of color filter arrays (CFA). While CFAs used to be based on red, green and blue primary colors, there is also a trend for the design of CFAs that use non-RGB colors. Also, some demosaicing algorithms are now proposed that not only work for the popular Bayer CFA, but also for various types of CFAs. In this paper, we propose an approach for performing image resizing by using the generic demosaicing algorithm of Horé et al. The experimental results show that our approach is reliable and the performances in image resizing are better than some joint demosaicing and zooming algorithms as well as some popular resizing algorithms such as the Bilinear algorithm.


The aim of this study was to investigate the tree-ring growth of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in Ranaskógur, a forest in East Iceland, and to determine its response to climate factors during the past century. Tree-core samples were collected in September 2018 and from those a tree-ring width (TRW) chronology and a standardized tree-ring index (TRI) chronology were produced. A statistical analysis between the chronologies and monthly mean temperatures and total monthly precipitation was carried out. The study found that both species had similar radial growth during the past century. The growth of birch responded significantly positively to June and July temperatures, while rowan responded significantly positively to July and August temperatures. The growth of neither species was significantly affected by precipitation across the whole period. However, in the 1940s to early 1960s, rowan growth correlated significantly with June precipitation, and birch with April and May precipitation.


The present monographic work searches to defend the constitutional guarantee to the stability
by the public employees of the State-owned Enterprises, namely the Public Companies and the
Mixed Economy Societies, as well as the maintenance of such right to which, by the owners of
this protection, had their privatized labour ones. It covers, initially, general aspects of Public
Administration, such as its concept, basic principles and organization; with a view to better
understand your functioning and structuring. Later, will would even take on aspects of the
employment connection in the Public Administration, in the case of your servers and the form
of admission and link loss of these. It is based on doctrinal, legal and jurisprudential
understandings for the appraisal of the Institute of Stability in the Public Administration, as
well as for the safeguarding of this right to civil servants, of bargaining regime, who provide
services in Public Companies and Mixed Economy Societies. Finally, through the thesis of the
labor succession, in addition to the foundation in the country laws, the maintenance of stability
is defended to those who already had it and had their administrative entities been privatized.


The purpose of this study was to explore how conflict and underdevelopment impact Haitian construction workers' experiences and their basic human needs situation in the Dominican Republic. The Basic Human Needs Theory served as the main theoretical background to approach the topic. Qualitative data were gathered by employing a selfadministered, one-time survey and conducting semi-structured interviews with 25 Haitian construction workers in sites located in the Distrito Nacional in the capital city, Santo Domingo and the Consuelo municipality in San Pedro de Macoris. Absence of work in Haiti for the very poor, systematic lack of access to social security, forced overtime largely uncompensated, and precarious living conditions constitute the main thematic categories that derived from the analysis of the data. Those findings indicate that Haitian construction workers feel trapped in a system which is unresponsive to the exploitative practices they suffer at the hands of employers imbued of anti-Haitian sentiments, thus impeding seriously their ability to meet their basic needs. This paper recommends that workers focus on using the channels of local human rights and labor organizations to be more educated about their rights and become empowered to be able to better claim their rights and influence public policies that could bring incremental changes to their situation. Another recommendation that this report advocates is solidarity between workers across the board despite their differences in order to strengthen workers' movements and give them more possibility to pressure employers for better working conditions. The last recommendation builds on the previous ones and raises the question that creating equitable structures for workers could serve to resolve the underlying contradictions in their relationships with the employers by easing workers' sufferings and simultaneously give employers the possibility to even increase their profits maximization as they will benefit from the productivity and creativity of the workers which are underutilized in the current system. This suggestion in the end emphasizes that any efforts by Haitian employers to employ the poorest bottom in Haiti would not only serve as a form of conflict prevention by reducing the flow of Haitians seeking to meet their basic needs in the sensitive environment in the DR, but also offer these employers the possibility to maximize profits at unprecedented levels and give them a certain advantage over their Dominican counterparts in the labor market. In terms of practical applicability, the findings of this research can be useful to grassroots organizations that do not have the resources or the influence of the bigger organizations that tend to monopolize the public discourse on Haitian workers in the DR.


This paper introduces the architecture of the ForCES routers. Furthermore, it specifies the research and implementation of the event notification service of ForCES routers. We can implement the event asynchronous notification of ForCES routers by using the doubly linked list. And we introduce two other features of ForCES routers, (1) the simplification of the events subscription and unsubscription, (2) the simplification and effectiveness of the filtering criteria. Finally, this paper has carried out the test about the port link status event. The experiment result testifies the feasibility of the event notification service of ForCES routers.


From the moment the fish is caught till it arrives at the consumer as a canned product, raw matter is submitted to a variety of industrial steps. Thus, a storage process (namely, chilling or freezing) is needed for holding the raw material to be canned; a cooking step is normally employed for reducing moisture and inactivating endogenous enzyme activity; a rigorous thermal treatment (sterilization) is undertaken to inactivate micro-organisms; and a proper canned storage is necessary to guarantee good palatability of the product. As a result, labile and essential nutrients (proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals) present in the raw fish are exposed to different processing conditions that can reduce the nutritional and sensory values of the final product. In the present work, detrimental changes produced in each of the steps involved in the manufacture of canned products are mentioned. This review is focused on nutritional and sensory losses in species commonly employed for canning preparation, and special attention is given to research concerning the effect of varying conditions of previous processing (chilling, freezing and frozen storage and cooking) on the quality of the final canned product. New and current technological strategies are recommended to increase the shelf life of previously stored material and to retain sensory and nutritional quality in the final canned product.


We present a design, model, and control for a novel jumping-flying robot that is called PogoDrone. The robot is composed of a quadrotor with a passive mechanism for jumping. The robot can continuously jump in place or fly like a normal quadrotor. Jumping in place allows the robot to quickly move and operate very close to the ground. For instance, in agricultural applications, the jumping mechanism allows the robot to take samples of soil. We propose a hybrid controller that switches from attitude to position control to allow the robot to fall horizontally and recover to the original position. We compare the jumping mode with the hovering mode to analyze the energy consumption. In simulations, we evaluate the effect of different factors on energy consumption. In real experiments, we show that our robot can repeatedly impact the ground, jump, and fly in a physical environment.


Abstract. Around the world, the occurrence of landslides has become one of the greatest threats to human life, property, infrastructure, and natural environments. Despite extensive research and discussions on the spatiotemporal dependence of landslide displacements, there is still a lack of understanding concerning the factors that appear to control displacement distribution in landslides because of their significant variations. This paper implements a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to predict displacement following the Moio della Civitella landslide in southern Italy and identify factors that may affect the distribution of movement following the landslide. An interferometric technique, known as permanent scatter interferometry (PSI), has been developed based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery to derive permanent scatter points that can be used to represent the deformation of landslides. This study utilized the GCN regression model applied to PSs points and data reflecting geological and geomorphological factors to extract the interdependency between paired data points, resulting in an adjacency matrix of the interval [0, 0,8). The proposed model outperforms conventional machine learning and deep learning algorithms such as linear regression (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Support vector regression (SVR), Decision tree, lasso, and artificial neural network (ANN). The absolute error between the actual and predicted deformation is used to evaluate the proposed model, which is less than 2 millimeters for most test set points.


This paper looks at the use of optical detectors as part of the Universal Traffic Management System (UTMS) in Japan. It reports on the deployment of optical, or infrared, spatial communication systems in a wide variety of outdoor applications.


The paper presents an evaluation of an inquiry-based learning programme for primary school pupils in the Czech Republic. The programme consisted of two parts: in the first part pupils acquired and practised inquiry skills, in the second they applied them to three independent inquiry-based learning lessons. Both pupils and teachers were highly satisfied with the programme. According to the pre/post non-equivalent experimental/control group designed evaluation research, the pupils who participated in the programme significantly improved their understanding of the research cycle representing the basic logic of scientific work. No such change appeared in the control groups. The programme influenced both boys and girls. Even though no significant gender differences for the groups of the 4th-5th grades and 6th-7th grades were found, the girls from the 8th-9th grade received a better score than the boys in both pre- and post-testing.


The purpose of this article was to describe and report on our "Child-friendly Yoga Class" for mothers. The class was aimed at contributing the opportunity for mothers in the childcare stage, to gain "exercise" "refreshing" and "contact with society," since many women who become mothers tend to be temporarily left isolated from society. The yoga class for mothers was organized in order to help solve related problems, such as depression or abuse increased by stress related to childcare. The number of participants gradually increased, and several positive effects for both mental and physical were reported from the participants, such as resolving physical inactivity, improving shoulder stiffness and low back pain, and refreshing for mood change. Furthermore, becoming friends in the yoga class was promoted, so that the mothers were able to achieve a breakaway from "isolated parenting" and increase communication


The purpose of the article was to investigate parents' knowledge and attitudes concerning drug abuse. The results of the study suggest that factual knowledge and "liberal-conservative" attitudes toward drugs is significantly related to age. Sex of parent was also found to be a factor as was level of educational attainment. It was concluded that a comprehensive drug education program should include "education" of parents as well as children.


Introduction: The question often asked is, "What is geometry?" Geometry as traditionally taught in South African schools paints a particular picture of geometry, namely, the classification of different plane figures (for example, triangles and parallelograms), the study and comparison of the properties of these figures, and the use of deduction to obtain some properties from others. This is done within the context of a specific axiomatic deductive organisation of the concepts. The geometry studied at the primary school is intended to prepare learners for the formal geometry of the secondary school.


A design method has been developed to evaluate CMOS and BiCMOS fully differential OTA's performance independently of the application. It is also possible to optimize current distribution to improve the gain-bandwidth product. Simulation results put forward some advantages of BiCMOS technologies and confirm the usefulness of the optimization proposed.


We prove the global convergence of an analytical trial freeboundary algorithm, called the operator method, in the context of a very large class of multiple-free-boundary problems in R , N ≥ 2. We study the general case of a finite number of annular flow-layers, having a nested family of closed, (N − 1)-dimensional hypersurfaces as interfaces. Each interface is characterized by a general non-linear joining condition relating the normal derivatives of the stream functions in the two adjoining layers.


A female, aged 21 months, presented with fever and an orifice with output of purulent material, observed in the upper cervical region. Spinal and brain MRI are displayed in Figures A to D. The radiological diagnosis, with subsequent histo - pathologic confirmation, was dermal sinus associated with intramedullary spinal cord abscess. The dermal sinus is a congenital anomaly result - ing from incomplete division of ectodermal epithe - lium with neuroectodermal, in early fetal life, and the thoraco-lumbar spine is most frequently affected. An ab - scess is a known complication, though rare, especially in this location 1


Behavioral therapy with 'exposure and response prevention' and the pharmacological treatment with SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have been found effective in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The data concerning the effectiveness and outcome of group therapy, employing these treatment strategies, are rare and very heterogeneous. In our treatment pro-gram we have developed a concept for a 12-month out-patient group therapy (45 sessions) for 10 patients, ad-dressing the reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and other psychopathologic symptoms of comorbid disorders as well. After 12 months of treatment, the Y-BOCS total score was reduced by ≥ 50% in 3 patients and by ≥ 25% in 5 patients. Compulsions and rituals were improved by ≥ 50% in 7 patients and 30% in 1 patient. Obsessions were reduced by ≥ 50 and ≥ 25% in 3 patients, respectively. On the self-rating scales a marked reduction in HZI (Hamburg obsessive-compulsive Inventory) was achieved in dimension A (controlling behavior) and in dimension D (counting, touching and talking behavior) and in SCL-90-R subscales 'obsessive-compulsive symptoms' and 'paranoia'. The other dimensions remained essentially unchanged in group-statistics. Finally, the effectiveness and limitations of our concept, the course of symptomatology during treatment, the de-tailed results, and the patients' assessment concerning importance of different treatment elements are discussed.


This paper studies three major indicators of energy consumptions for non-OECD countries, with a view to identifying the major cause of the increasing energy consumption among the non-OECD countries. Multiple regressions using VAR model was used in estimating these relationships. The indicators used are total electricity, GDP and population. It was observed that high level of economic output designates low energy consumption in non-OECD countries due to economic of scale,this is confirmed with high level of significance. However, increase in electricity consumption was observed to cause increase in the total energy consumption in these countries. Population was also found to have negative relationship with total energy consumption in these countries, because there are relatively low energy consumption compare to the population of these countries, where low energy consumption is associated with high population. Therefore, these countries shall all enact energy policies that encourage efficiency on how people use the energy, ranging from electricity consumption, use of appliances as well as the mode and type of transportation and fuel respectively. There should also be improvement in energy per-capita accessibility among the non-OECD nations. Similarly the level of economic output shall be increased to achieve low energy intensity.


It has been argued by woodwind instrument players that the configuration of the player's vocal tract has an effect on the tone quality of the instrument when played. This matter is being investigated. The following arrangement has been set up: A "clarinet" is simulated by mounting a clarinet mouthpiece and reed on a piece of brass tubing of such length as to sound the note D3 when blown, using a foam neoprene "lip" with the reed. A microphone is attached to the mouthpiece to monitor its internal pressure. The open end of the brass tube is sealed onto the end of a 4‐in.‐diam tube 10 ft long filled with sound absorbing material. By attaching a vacuum cleaner to the other end of the 4‐in. tube, the "clarinet" can be "blown," as it were, in reverse, with the reed end out in the open. Various systems can now be attached to the mouthpiece and their effect on the internal waveform of the mouthpiece determined. Results so far indicate that the effect of the player's vocal tract on the instrument's tone quality sh...


The introduction of new communication techniques requires an increase in the efficiency of spectrum usage. Cognitive radio is one of the new techniques that fosters spectrum efficiency by using unoccupied frequency spectrum for communications. However, cognitive radio will increase the transmission power density and cause an increasing level of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), which may impact other services and particularly passive users of the spectrum. In this paper we present the principles of cognitive radio and introduce a model for its impact on radio astronomy.


Aim. To assess the status of blood free fatty acid balance in children with megaureter diagnosed latent form of chronic renal failure. Materials and methods. The study design: prospective, controlled, nonrandomized, one-centered. The study included 40 children, divided into 2 groups. The main group ( n = 22) - patients after surgical intervention for megaureter with developing renal dysfunction. The comparison group - 18 relatively healthy children with a mean age of 6,1 ± 1,3 years. Results. It was revealed by the authors that in patients of the main group statistically significantly raised the content of a number of fatty acids. When conducting correlation analysis between the levels of blood total protein, erythrocytes and leukocytes with free fatty acid pool, it was detected that there are reliable, differently directed strong correlations between some of them. Conclusions. Children, who underwent surgical intervention for megaureter followed by development of latent chronic renal failure, differ from healthy children by both total protein content and qualitative composition of blood free fatty acids.


All‐optical switching in nonlinear X junctions with Kerr and saturable nonlinearities is analyzed using the beam propagation method. We establish that switching is possible in the nonlinear X junction, and compare its nonlinear phase shift requirements with that of other all‐optical devices.


Abstract Herbal infusions are among the most widely consumed beverages throughout the world. Their popularity arises due to not only their pleasant aroma and taste, but also their high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. A vast number of in vitro studies revealed their high phenolic content, together with strong antioxidant activity. However, the majority of them seem to ignore some important physiological parameters, such as bioavailability or bioaccessibility. The present study was planned to evaluate the stability of phenolic content and antioxidant activities of seven most widely preferred herbal infusions. A stimulated version of gastrointestinal infusion was added to the study for comparative purposes. The results indicated the loss of both phenolic content and antioxidant activity of herbal infusions after being submitted to digestion.


The language laboratory can be used to teach subjects other than foreign languages. Mr. Spohn, assistant professor of music at The Ohio State University, considers one such use.


For proper use in muscle tissue engineering, myoblasts need to be well differentiated to form functional myotubes. Therefore, in this study, we employ a couple of external physical environment cues, namely an aligned topological feature and an electric field (EF), to enhance the differentiation of myoblasts. Polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were fabricated by electrospinning, with alignment precisely controlled by an asymmetric collector. EF was applied in a parallel or orthogonal direction to that of the aligned fibers to investigate the combinatorial effects of two different physical cues in myoblast differentiation. The results were analyzed by immunofluorescent images and real time PCR. From the results, Myoblasts cultured on aligned fibers were highly elongated along the fiber direction and exhibited high myotube density. Combinatorial stimulation of aligned fibers and EF simulation in parallel orientation had much enhanced myogenic differentiation, highlighting the directions of EF and fiber alignments are an important factor in maturation of the differentiated myoblasts.


Vascularization of the foot was studied using 50 intraoperative arteriograms on single legs and 50 cadaver injections. Arterial vascularization was shown to depend on supramalleolar anastomoses, the primary plantar arch and secondary arches. Anastomotic routes are essential for the permeability of femorotibial bypasses and cicatrization of distal trophic lesions when only one tibial artery remains permeable and must be revascularized.


This paper explains the benefits of Urban Data Science Education in improving data driving policy-making and highlights the impact of vital use of available open data using a practical demonstration from the Summer-Winter School (SWS) at CEPT University Ahmedabad India.  Good Urban data policies can be an important driver for smart city research and the implementation of good data management practices. Many authors are also becoming interested in the data revolution that is enhancing the way we study and understand cities. It now becomes appropriate to respond to this need in an evidence-informed manner by working with stakeholders to encourage a more resilient approach via education for the younger enthusiast, leading to more transparent, improved, sustainable and safer urban cities. However, the major challenge we foresee is the inability to utilize the large amount of urban data generated daily. With the drive to mobilize more education towards urban data science and analytics, generated data can be effectively utilized to make informed and evidence-based decisions. This paper points to a practical methodology for reproducibility, the key steps taken, as it views the inclusion of an Urban Data Science curriculum as priceless, and a decision that will bring into notice the importance of engaging the younger generation in scholastic learning on data principles and analytics. Data along with spatial enhancement can be the driving factor towards improving data-driven policy-making for solving urban problems in smart cities.


There were only five particles on the list of the elementary particles, when Professor Yukawa, the President of this Conference, invented the pions forty four years ago. 1 At that time the proton, neutron and electron were considered to be the basic constituents of matter, and nuclear forces were proposed to be mediated by pions. Since then, an enormous number of particles have been discovered. For example, there were an exciting discovery of the Y particle last summer and confirmation of Y' we have just heard at this Conference. Now the colored quarks with flavors are considered to be the basic constituents of hadrons, and we have quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as a promising candidate of the dynamics of the strong interaction. Today I will try to report on the progress of particle spectroscopy from this point of view. I will speak about charmonium,


The problem of determining an expression whose derivative is a specified expression when that expression involves unspecified functions is analyzed. An algorithm is presented which reduces this problems to that of integration of specified functions.


The analyses of different sulfur forms, the trace elements in pyrites using electron microprobe and the trace elements in coal using INAA (instrumental neutron activation analysis) of the Late Paleozoic coals from the Taozao coalfield in Shandong Province, China, conclude that most sulfur (>75 %) in high-sulfur coal of Taiyuan Formation occurred as pyrite, in which many hazardous elements co-existed and their concentrations varied with their geological origin. The concentrations of hazardous elements in high-sulfur coals from Taiyuan Formation, composing mainly of Cu, As, U, Pb, Mo and Co, are much higher than those in the low-sulfur coals from Shanxi Formation and Shihezi Formation, because the influence of seawater during and after coal accumulation in Taiyuan Formation is stronger than those in Shanxi and Shihezi formations. Moreover, the element As is related to Fe, and both elements exist mainly in the form of pyrite. The element U is richer in the coal influenced by seawater. In addition, the coal affected by the magmatism contains more U, too. When high-sulfur coals are processed with heavy media washing to remove sulfur and minerals, the majority of hazardous elements will also be removed from the coals.


One of the common features of "developing countries" in terms of pharmaceuticals is the lack of ability to generate independently the drugs that they need. These countries have to rely primarily upon products researched and developed by the pharmaceutical industry of richer countries -- indeed, generics are often produced and used in the developing countries when proprietary compounds outrun their patent restrictions. This dependency has vast repercussions, but here we will focus only on the clinical end of the spectrum. With few exceptions, drugs are researched and developed by the pharmaceutical industry of industrialized countries for the diseases prevalent in those countries, and their profiles are tailored to their own customers, including dosage, acceptability, and -- not least -- pricing. Therefore, the problem to be faced is the availability of the right drug, or even any drug at all, in developing countries. The western pharmaceutical industry has produced only a negligible number of so-called "orphan drugs" for tropical or "neglected" diseases (Trouiller P, Olliaro P. Drug development output: what proportion for tropical diseases? Lancet, 1999, 354 (9173): 164). There are other ramifications as well. Several regulatory authorities in developing countries do not have a system to deal with new chemical entities, as only products that have been developed, reviewed and registered elsewhere are considered. Local regulations may require a clinical trial to be repeated in a developing country when a new compound is submitted for marketing authorization. Thus, clinical researchers often do only studies of secondary importance and limited scientific interest on drugs that have been already researched. We believe that such an approach is inadequate. Ethical aspects related to research in the tropical world should not be forgotten, though they have no easy solution. Fortunately, there are some notable exceptions in the field of research into tropical and other diseases: China, India, Malaysia and Thailand, for instance, have been contributing pivotal studies of drugs for malaria and leishmaniasis with undeviating commitment. In addition to providing meaningful information on drug efficacy and safety, a drug's pharmaceutical development project should also provide prescribing information so that the drug is used in an optimal manner. In this respect, it is becoming increasingly obvious that not all individuals respond uniformly to drugs and that ethnic variability necessitates better-adapted treatment recommendations (Wood AJ, Zhou HH. Ethnic differences in drug disposition and responsiveness. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 1992, 70: 350-373; Lang CC et al. Attenuation of isoproteronol-mediated vasodilatation in blacks. New England Journal of Medicine, 1995, 333: 155-160). The use of a population approach to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is growing in modern pharmacology, in order to consider these differences between population subgroups and to provide information that will generate guidelines for individualizing dose regimens. Traditionally, the role of individual variables has been underestimated, and a drug's development programme that deals properly with dose adaptation based on, for example, ethnic differences in metabolism or mean body weight is very much needed. We believe that developing countries do not need to conduct small clinical trials to duplicate information that already exists on drugs which are being considered for registration. …


This paper is concerned with symbolic computations in Volterra system identification using higher order cumulants. An efficient method that implements the Leonov-Shiryaev theorem is introduced. The proposed method relies on the exploitation of recursive relations between cumulants. The method is applied on the problem of blind identification of Volterra-Hammerstein systems excited by stationary higher order white noise. It solves previously intractable instances


As the penetration of renewable energy increases year by year, the risk of high-frequency oscillation instability increases when a three-phase, four-wire split capacitor inverter (TFSCI) is connected to the grid with complementary capacitors in weak grids. Compared to the three-phase, three-wire inverter, the TFSCI has an additional zero-sequence current loop. To improve the accuracy of the modeling and stability analysis, the effect of the zero-sequence loop needs to be considered in the impedance-based stability analysis. Therefore, a correlation model considering multi-perturbation variables is first established, based on which the inverter positive, negative, and zero sequence admittance models are derived, solving the difficult problem of impedance modeling under small perturbations. Secondly, an admittance remodeling strategy based on a negative third-order differential element and a second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) damping controller is proposed, which can improve the stability of positive, negative, and zero-sequence systems simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness of the oscillation suppression strategy is verified by simulation and experiment.


The role of the polymer interfacial area on free radical grafting of acrylic acid (AA) onto poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) was studied at 65°C using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent and swelling agent, benzoylperoxide (BPO) as chemical initiator and PVDF nanoparticles as polymer matrix. Under adopted conditions PVDF particles do not melt neither dissolve in the reaction medium and FTIR analyses performed on carefully washed nanoparticles confirmed the achievement of high grafting levels. The mass fraction of grafted AA increased with the grafting time and the BPO concentration while it decreased when the density of the fluid phase was enhanced. Collected results suggest that the grafting level obtained by free radical grafting of vinyl monomers onto solid polymer in scCO2 can be significantly enhanced by increasing the interfacial area of the matrix. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41541.


In order to monitoring the flora change of Yongneup, an alpine wetland, survey of vascular plants was conducted. It found that flora of Yongneup was consisted of 249 taxa, i.e., 205 species, two subspecies, 36 varieties, and six formae. Among them, Korean endemic species was totally 18 taxa. Also, the conservatory plants classified from fifth to first grade by Ministry of Environment were distributed 71 taxa in the Yongneup area. It is shown this area is very high biodiversity. The naturalized plants were found only five taxa. Especially, Trientalis europaea var. arctica and Menyanthes trifoliata, rare and endangered species, were re-confirmed this time. However, we could not find some plants reported previously. Therefore, it needs more correct investigation in future.


The earth is round , or of a globular form , as is represented above . This is proved in various ways . Ist . When a ship goes out to sea , we first lose sight of the hull , or the body of the ship ; then of the Bails , and lower rigging , and lastly , of the upper part of the masts . If the earth were not round , or spherical , the hull , or largest part would be last seen . 2d . In an eclipse of the moon , when the moon ' s sur . face is darkened by the shadow of the earth , the boundary of the shadow is always circular or round . 3d . Many navigators have sail ed entirely round th e earth and arrived at the same port from which they commenced their voyage , by an opposite course . These are convincing proofs that the earth is round . Q . What is a Hemisphere ?


INTRODUCTION
The pathogenesis of septal hepatic fibrosis, induced in rats by Capillaria hepatica infection, was studied with the aid of a large collection of stored paraffin blocks, representative of the different evolutive phases of fibrosis which appeared in 100% of infected rats.

METHODS
Studies were conducted involving histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and morphometric methods, in order to observe the dynamic behavior of the cellular and matrix components of fibrosis, over a one year period of evolution.

RESULTS
Observation verified that septal fibrosis originates from several portal spaces simultaneously. Its origin and progression involve blood vessel proliferation (angiogenesis), multiplication of actin-positive cells (pericytes and myofibroblasts) and progressive collagen deposition. By the end of 4-5 months, a progressive decrease in all these components was observed, when signs of regression of septal fibrosis became more evident over time.

CONCLUSIONS
Besides indicating the fundamental role played by angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, these morphological data concerning the dynamics of this C. hepatica experimental model proved to be adequate for future investigations regarding the functional aspects of fibrosis induction, progression and regression.


3 Abstract: Causal attributions of students were measured in university population of Pakistan. Taxonomy of eight causal attributions (four internal and four external attributions) was provided to students to explain their causal attributions beliefs of success and failure. The sample of the study comprised of 161 students enrolled in four different classes with subjects of Language Development & Children Literature, Teaching of English & Teaching of Math. The students strongly endorsed all causes as possible causes of their success. Similar patterns of failure/success attributions were found in students studying in different classes. Self-esteem was measured through translated version of Rosenberg self-esteem scale with a range of 0-50. The range of self-esteem level of male students was (33-42) and that of female students was (24-49). Relationship was found in failure/success attributions and self-esteem.


Objective:To explore the effects of intermittent bolus gavage(IBG)and continuous nasogastric gavage(CNG) on the feeding tolerance and gastrin level in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI). Methods:Seventy cases of VLBWI who were fed on partial parenteral nutrition were randomly divided into IBG feeding group and CNG feeding group.The time of reaching full enteral feeding(FEF) of both groups was observed.The gastrin level of two groups was compared on the first day and the tenth day;and the effects of the two feeding patterns on the intolerance of VLBWI was analyzed. Results:Compared with the CNG group,the incidence rate of intolerance in IBG group was lower(P0.05),and the time to achieve FEF was shorter(P0.01).On the first day,the gastrin level of the two groups had no significant difference(P0.05),but on the tenth day,the gastrin level of IBG group increased significantly(P0.01). Conclusions:IBG feeding is well tolerated by VLBWI and conducive to the secretion of gastrin as well.


Insurance transaction is equal and fair.The characteristics of insurance with low risk probability and low correlation lead to the low rate of getting indemnity for the insured and the inequality of"paying"and"gaining".The economic income of premium is uncertain but balanced;while the psychological income is certain and balanced.The nature to use the insurance funds is to realize its intrinsic time value.The revenue of insurance funds is in itself a constituent of net premium,and the insured has no rights to share it.From the perspective of property right economics,the nature of insurance is a transaction between the certain property right of premium and the uncertain property right of insurance amount,an exchange between certain property right and contingent right of indemnification,and a swap between certain small costs and uncertain big loss.


A novel adaptive image brightness and contrast enhancement method combining high-frequency emphasis with neural networks is proposed.First,the low frequency components of the image are obtained by average filter,then the high frequency components of the image can be obtained by subtracting the low frequency components from the original image,and the nonlinear mapping relation between the enhanced factors of image brightness and contrast,the mean and standard deviation of the original image is established based on neural network.The weighting factors are automatically determined by the constructed neural network in terms of the mean and standard deviation of the image.The new algorithm has very small computational compexity while still produces high contrast output images especially for low-intensity and low-contrast images,which makes it ideal to be implemented for on-line detection system based on dynamic image process.The proposed technique is tested in the images collected by trouble of moving freight car detection system(TFDS),and a very good result has been obtained.


Gold (Au) clusters with well-defined geometrical structures have attracted substantial attention due to their unique optical and catalytic properties, which are drastically changed by the ligands, ...


We report the results of a study of the complex microwave surface impedance {ital Z}{sub {ital S}} resulting from vortex motion in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} thin films in a dc magnetic field applied parallel to the film {ital c} axis. Using the technique of stripline resonators we have measured {ital Z}{sub {ital S}} at frequencies from 1.2 to 22GHz and at temperatures from 5 to 65K in magnetic fields from 0 to 4 T. We find that both the surface resistance {ital R}{sub {ital S}} and the surface reactance {ital X}{sub {ital S}} increase almost linearly with the magnetic field. In zero applied magnetic field we find the frequency dependence of the surface resistance to be {ital f}{sup 2}. In the mixed state, however, there is a significant increase in {ital R}{sub {ital S}}, particularly at lower frequencies, causing {ital R}{sub {ital S}} to be approximately proportional to {ital f}{sup 1.2} at all measured temperatures. We show that fits of these data to models which include only a single pinning energy and a single characteristic pinning frequency are not able to explain our results. We propose that these data indicate the existence of a large number of metastable boundmore » vortex states separated by energy barriers {ital U}{sub {ital b}} whose magnitudes extend from {ital U}{sub {ital b}}{approximately}0 K to several hundred K, and that the dominant part of {ital R}{sub {ital S}} arises from vortex transitions between these states. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less


This paper summarizes the development status of prognostic risk assessment tools for venous leg ulcer (VLU) wounds at home and abroad, summarizes and analyses the risk factors affecting the long-term prognosis of patients with VLU, aims to summarize the practical experience of the development and application of risk assessment for VLU at home and abroad to guide the clinical nursing work in China, so as to form a risk assessment scale for VLU.

Key words:
Review; Venous leg ulcer; Risk assessment; Scale


The aim of this investigation was to determine the adhesion force as a function of calcium dichloride concentration in water. The studies were performed with two surfaces carrying opposite charge in water solution: mica -as a negatively charged surface and glass covered with poly-L-lysine - as a positively charged surface, the latter due to the presence of amino groups. The surfaces were immersed in a CaCl 2 solution in the range of concentration varied from 0 to 100 mM. The scanning force microscopy was applied to determine the adhesion force by measurements of the pull-off force. Additionally, the values of the single bond force were estimated basing on the Poisson distribution of the number of binding sites.


This work is the first description of a cytogenetic study of the Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) in Laos PDR. Blood samples were taken from 1 male and 1 female Indian muntjac kept in Laos Zoo, Laos PDR. Lymphocytes were cultured following standard methods. Cell harvesting was performed and followed by metaphase chromosome spreading on microscopic slides. Conventional staining, G-banding and high-resolution techniques were then applied using Giemsa's stain. The results showed that the number of diploid chromosomes (2n) of the Indian muntjac was 6 in female and 7 in male. The short arm of chromosome pair 3 referred to the X chromosome. Idiograms represent the banding pattern at the metaphase chromosome and prometaphase chromosome were 149 and 192 bands, respectively. The polymorphism of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was found at 2 sites on chromosome pair 1, and 1 site on chromosome pair 3 (heteromorphic, 3a3b) in the female, whereas they were found at 2 sites on chromosome pair 1 and 2 sites on chromosome pair 3 (homomorphic, 3a3a) in the male. These results will be useful for providing basic genetic information and future studies of the breeding, conservation and chromosome evolution in this animal.


With the Muon Tracking Detector in the KASCADE-Grande experiment mean EAS muon pseudorapidities are investigated. Here we report on the results of studying the sensitivity of this quantity to the mass of primary cosmic ray particles. Obtained values of the mean logarithmic mass in the 10 16 eV - 10 17 eV range of primary energies, based on the QGSJetII - FLUKA interaction model combination, are compared with the results of other experiments. The validity of the model in reproducing experimentally measured pseudorapidity values and its comparison with the EPOS 1.99 is discussed.


In this paper we lay out various ways of representing knowledge. They start from the older and simpler way: the printed dictionary. However useful for linguists and for the general public, the printed dictionary is not able to answer the nowadays needs in linguistics and in interdisciplinary domains that deal with various semantic aspects of language. The advent of computers imposed the development of knowledge representation formalisms such as semantic networks, description logics, conceptual graphs and frame systems. Given the fact that many linguistic resources are used in Natural Language Processing tasks we think that Romanian lexicography and lexical semantics has to catch up with the formalization systems. In this way new competitive Romanian language resources could be developed and used in Artificial Intelligence tasks.


The unprecedented financial and economic world present turmoil is dangerously covering the Europe and Japan, coming from the USA and being more painful than the economic downturn of the '80s. A massive decrease of trust and confidence is also perceived by consumers and business alike, and their answer and reaction is a continuous cut of the expenditures. With a view to rebuild the stability and to recover the economy, the USA government as well as certain Western European governments have nationalised substantial parts of their financial sectors, in such an extent that is simply against the modern capitalism basis. Actually, the whole world is changing its usual course, towards an age when the role of the state is becoming greater and greater, while the role and the significance of the private sector is drastically diminishing, as the most dramatic consequence of the present crisis. Annalists' opinions consider July 2007 as the beginning of the present financial turmoil, since this was the moment when the appearance of the first mortgages troubles seriously upset the global stock exchange markets, as shown in the records of the negative major indices or in the weekly - and even daily – downturns, hardly to conceive and unseen in the last five years. One can consider that the real lesson of the actual financial turmoil consists in the necessity of an ideal meeting between the most important theoretical systems concerning the economic and social process and phenomena, in order to create a new and more desirable model of economy and society. This normative and explanatory character of the new theory and synthesis is keen connected with the necessary giving-up the old model of the economic and social optimality that should be replaced by the new model of sustainability.


On physical grounds it was recently suggested that limiting capillary–gravity waves of solitary type may exist on the surface of deep water (Longuet-Higgins 1988). This paper describes accurate numerical calculations which support the conjecture. The limiting wave has a phase speed c = 0.9267 (gτ)¼. It is one of a family of solitary waves having speeds c [les ] 1.30 (gτ)¼. The maximum angle of inclination αmax of the free surface is a monotonically decreasing function of the speed c. Physical arguments suggest that αmax has a positive lower bound.


The speciality that digital documents are prone to being able to be copied may cause serious leaks of information content.For preventing unauthorized access,DRM technology is adopted to access control of digital documents.An XrML data model formalizes using the rights of digital documents.Permission is granted using four elements of principal,right,resource and condition,and a composing license.The rationality of digital documents using rights can be validated by a license;and the rights can be performed.Therefore,digital documents' accessing can be controlled.DRM technology guarantees that there is reasonable use of digital documents during their entire lifecycle.


Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are a new type of wireless network that has been growing in popularity. These networks consist of routers and clients. The routers are called mesh routers (MRs) and the clients are called mesh clients. WMNs have several advantages over traditional wireless networks, such as more reliable coverage and faster speeds. Many different types of algorithms can be used to determine the best placement for these routers, with some algorithms being better than others depending on the environment or situation. One algorithm is called a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which uses genetic programming to find an optimal solution for router placement. GA is used to find the best placement of the router so that it can provide the most coverage possible for a specific area GA or evolutionary algorithms are based on a biological theory known as Darwin"s theory. In evolutionary algorithms, it is since the information of the problem becomes chromosomes, and then the problem is solved by special problem-solving techniques in the evolutionary algorithm. The suggested method was implemented utilizing the C++ programming environment and the NS2 software suite. Using a benchmark of produced instances, the experimental outcomes have been analyzed. Variable sets of produced instances ranging in size from small to big have been explored. Consequently, several properties of WMNs, including the topological placement of mesh clients, have been recorded.


The research addresses the missing link between social capital and analyses of household welfare and poverty. First the relationship between social capital and household welfare is analysed using a social capital index and a heterogeneity index. The social capital index is calculated using different dimensions: density of membership, attendance at meetings, cash and kind contributions and decision making in local organisations/associations. Heterogeneity index is based on differences in incomes, ethnicity, education and political affiliations in the composition of organisations. Endogeneity of social capital with household expenditure is tested through an Instrumental Variable approach. The relationship between social capital and probability of being poor is analysed through a logit model. The analysis uses data collected form 1050 households in and around the cities of Karachi, Lahore and Quetta. The main results indicate that social capital (however measured) has a positive impact on the welfare of the household. The study concludes that social capital and human capital have the same returns. A powerful result of the research is that households with social capital at their disposal are likely to be less poor and that poverty is less when households share risks though building associations and through collective action. The research has some policy implications which can be useful in building up social capital in the country.


Dear Editor, We appreciate the feedback on our recent article examining antibiotic use in patients experiencing terminal delirium. Both infections and delirium are frequent burdensome symptoms to patients at end-of-life that often overlap in presentation. This creates a significant clinical challenge for physicians in determining if the delirium is potentially reversible or if the patient is experiencing terminal delirium and quickly nearing death. Any treatments, or declination of treatment, must also align with the patient's or medical decision maker's goals of care and perception of the situation. Inherent in any chart review are the difficulties in obtaining well-rounded, complete data. The median length of inpatient unit stay before death was approximately 7 days indicating that antibiotics were initiated and psychotropics titrated simultaneously for many. The patients were already experiencing delirium upon arrival to the inpatient unit andmostly came from a home setting where documentation of all doses given is unlikely to occur. Indeed, urinary tract infection symptoms such as dysuria, frequency, and bladder spasms may improve with antibiotic treatment during the very last stage of life and be considered palliative. However, given the proximity to death and the simultaneous aggressive titration of other comfort medications that can dually manage infection symptoms, our results suggest that antibiotics may have a very limited symptom management role in a terminal delirium picture. More and more evidence points to the fact that what we "already do often" may not necessarily benefit the patient and have been proceeding without research based evidence of benefit, but rather by what we see in practice. Most recently, a letter-letter-to-editor challenged the common practice of providing anticholinergics for respiratory secretions at end-of-life. This was met with extreme physician criticism. Antipsychotics had been used for decades to manage delirium without well designed, placebocontrolled trials showing benefit. Recent placebocontrolled studies suggest that antipsychotics may not be beneficial and may even be harmful. We feel that it is in the best interest of the patient to provide a wholistic, multidisciplinary critique of current practice and not accept the status quo continuing to provide intervention without clear evidence of benefit. We agree that more well-designed studies are needed and hope that ours can be the springboard to begin identifying the exact situations where antibiotics are the most helpful and appropriate in patient that are endof-life.


This paper analyses and discusses the results of a large sample survey of job satisfaction among clerical employees working in teams. The relative strengths of association between several variables and job satisfaction are assessed and the results support the importance of on-the-job training, participation in decision making and management leadership. Questions are raised about first-line supervisors as team leaders.


This project investigates the capability of multiple multilayer perceptron (MMLP) system with majority voting technique. It is a system which consists of all the best-performed MLPs and a single final output from these MLPs is selected by the voting system. The MLP networks are trained using two types of learning algorithm, which are the Levenberg Marquardt and the Resilient Back Propagation algorithms. The performance of the MMLP networks are calculated based on the percentage of correct classificition. Data from three case studies, triangular waveform classification, breast cancer detection and transport classification, have been used to test the performance of the developed system. The results show that the MMLP system with voting technique has the capability of improving the classification correctness. The most well-known artificial neural network (ANN) architecture is a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network which is widely used for solving problems related to data classifications. By approaching these innovated MMLP system with automatic voting, the better classification result will be produced.


To determine whether the change in energy metabolism of guinea‐pig alveolar macrophages (AM) would alter their function to resemble peritoneal macrophages (PM), AM were exposed to strict anaerobic environments for 96 h. Exposure of cultivated AM to hypoxic conditions resulted in a decreased activity of cytochrome oxidase, a key enzyme in oxidative phosphorylation, whereas pyruvate kinase activity, a key enzyme in glycolysis, increased to levels observed in PM. Under hypoxic conditions the total mitochondrial structure available for respiratory activity also decreased in the glycolytic energy‐dependent AM.


introduCtion Historically, the focus of IT infrastructure had been to capture the knowledge of experts in a centralized The centralized databases contained knowledge that was explicit and historical (e.g., competitor pricing, market share), and the IT infrastructure served to facilitate functional decision making or to automate routine tasks (as in reengineering). The users of technology approached the repository to obtain data in a narrowly defined domain (Broadbent, Weill, & St. Clair, 1999). Consequently, IT originally played a significant, yet ultimately limited role in the strategy creation process. Management information systems (MISs) arguably generated information that was less applicable to strategy creation, as noted in early writings on the linkage between MIS and strategic planning The active management of knowledge was similarly underdeveloped. Despite the fact that strategic decision makers had always emphasized the role of tacit knowledge, the actual importance of knowledge was not explicitly recognized. Formalized knowledge management (Davenport & Prusak, 1998; Dalkir, 2005), with its associated terminology and tools, is a recent development and as such did not inform the strategic planning process. However, the shifts that have taken place in IT infrastructures over the last decade and the recent developments in knowledge management (KM) have brought them closer to the creators of strategy. Indeed, both IT and knowledge management are increasingly enablers in the contemporary strategic management practice: 1. IT infrastructure is transitioning in its focus from the functional work unit to a process orientation. Whereas computer systems were once the focal point, the new infrastructure is network centric, with an emphasis on business knowledge (Nolan, 2001). For example, traditional search engines utilized rule-based reasoning to identify elements matching specific search criteria; the " state-of-the-art " knowledge management systems employ case-based search techniques to identify all relevant knowledge components meeting the user's request (Grover & Davenport, 2001). 2. IT now takes into account contexts that include cross-functional experts, knowledgeable on a wide variety of potentially relevant issues. Additionally, there is greater emphasis on the integration of infrastructure with structure, culture (Gold, Malhotra, & Segars, 2001), and organizational roles (Awad & Ghaziri, 2004). In many ways, the newer IT infrastructures have enabled the garnering of explicit knowledge throughout the organization to speed up strategy creation. The objective of this article is to outline how the developments in IT and KM are facilitating the evolution of strategic management to strategic experimentation to create quantum improvements in strategy creation and …


1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 An overview of nematode systematics 2 1.2 Other systematic approaches 5 1.3 A new systematic perspective 7 1.4 Ribosomal RNA genes as phylogenetic markers 9 1.5 Reassessing connections in 'dade IV' 14 1.6 The genus Strongyloides 17 1.7 Molecular phylogenetics 22 2 PRECIS OF RESEARCH 30 2.1 Obtaining sequence information 30 2.2 Phylogenetic aims and objectives 30 3 REVERSING THE EFFECTS OF FORMALIN FIXATION 36 Introduction 36 3.1 Mechanism of formaldehyde fixation 36 3.2 Targets for formaldehyde 37 3.3 The effects of ethanol on biological material 38 Methods 39 Results 40 Discussion 41 4 EXTRACTING QUALITY DNA FROM FORMALIN-FIXED SAMPLES 42 Introduction 42 Methods 42 Results 43 Discussion 44 5 ISOLATION OF CORRECT SEQUENCE FROM MULTIPLE PCR PRODUCTS REQUIRES POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SCREENING 45 Introduction 45 5.1 Colony screening in human! Strongyloides mixed populations 45 Methods 45 Results 46 Discussion 46 6 IN SEARCH OF STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS 47 Introduction 47 6.1 Compiling a Strongyloides dataset 47 6.2 Testing for the origins of Strongyloides sequence 49 6.3 Obtaining the correct S. stercoralis sequence 52 6.4 Recompiling the Strongyloides dataset 53 7 COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF A NEMATODE DATASET 54 8 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF ENOPLIA 59 Introduction 59 Methods 59 Results 61 Discussion 66 9 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMADORIA 70 Introduction 70 Methods 70 Results 71 Discussion 75 10 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF AN EXTENDED SPIRUROASCARID LINEAGE (CLADE III) 79 Introduction 79 Methods 80 Results 80 Discussion 86 11 PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF RHABDITIA 94 Introduction 94 Methods 94 Results 95 Discussion 99 12 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF A RHABDITID-DIPLOGASTERID STRONGYLID RADIATION 100 Introduction 100 Methods 100 Results 101 Discussion 105 13 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF DIPLOGASTERIDA 11


Summary

Under the changing agro-climatic conditions of western Europe, the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa infests host crops such as tomato, hemp, tobacco and oilseed rape at an increasing rate. A Fusarium oxysporum isolate (FOG), that had effectively reduced the parasite's incidence under controlled environmental conditions, was tested in different granular formulations (pesta granules, alginate pellets) on P. ramosa parasitising tobacco under field-grown conditions. FOG reduced number and biomass of P. ramosa shoots by between 50% and 70% in three consecutive years (2006–2008). A single pesta application did not show consistent results throughout seasons; 50% reduction of P. ramosa biomass (DM) in the first year could not be repeated in the following years (20–30%). An alginate formulation applied alone performed better. However, a combination of pesta granules with alginate pellets had the highest reliable control efficacy (60–70%) of all treatments in two seasons, compared with the untreated control. Fungal population counts in soil samples did not show a close correlation to biocontrol efficacy. To understand field performance of this biocontrol agent, additional glasshouse and laboratory studies were conducted using soil from the experimental site. The glasshouse study revealed some fungistatic effects of the field soil that partly explain the reduced efficacy (-40%) in the field compared with results obtained under controlled conditions. Results show the potential of FOG for P. ramosa control. Because formulation affected the biocontrol efficacy, it may be worthwhile to test how the delivery system can be changed in order to achieve increased disease development in the field.


We have previously reported that peripheral nerve of rats or dogs can be successfully homografted if they were irradiated with 2 million REP of electron beam for the purpose of suppressing the immune reaction. Histological and electrophysiological analyses are hereby attempted on fourteen cases which we have successfully kept alive for long-term observation. In addition, availability of vascular tubulation technique to nerve anastomosis and importance of generalized immune suppressive treatment in cases of nerve homografting are discussed. In twelve successful cases out of fourteen, which we had followed up for more than 180 days after surgery, regenerated nerves were found to penetrate through the graft down into the distal stump mostly with fasciculus formation. Axonal counts at the proximal stump, the grafted portion and the distal stump performed with two dogs, which were sacrificed at 203rd


This paper studies the stationary customer flows in open queueing network. The flows are the processes counting customers flowing from one queue to another or out of the network. We establish the existence of unique stationary flows in generalized Jackson networks and convergence to the stationary flows as time increases. We establish heavy-traffic limits for the stationary flows, allowing an arbitrary subset of the queues to be critically loaded. The heavytraffic limit with a single bottleneck queue is especially tractable because it yields limit processes involving one-dimensional reflected Brownian motion. That limit plays an important role in our new nonparametric decomposition approximation of the steady-state performance using robust queueing.


The contribution presents the detail discussion on various problematic aspects of utilization of both fracture mechanics based methodology and ndt technology to conduct the assessment of failure of components. consequently, it shows a software tool concerning Probability of detection – Probability of sizing concept, which allow to bring both methodologies (Fracture Mechanics and ndt) together and to meet in a joint approach. The contribution introduces in the application of one software approach, which allows modeling and simulation of real scenarios in detail, based on a variety of properties of different relevant materials from practice.


In the present study, preliminary experiments on the formation of micro particles for pharmaceutical purposes have been carried out by employing the GAS technique. The drug of an interest was diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal active substance that acts anti-inflammatory, with prolonged release, used in the treatment of rheumatic disorders. The substance, 2[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl) amino]benzeneacetic acid sodium salt is a salt of a weak acid with a pKa of 4 and a partition coefficient (noctanol/aqueous buffer, pH 7.4) of 13.4. Different copolymers can be used as the drug carrier to reach the right physical and chemical properties and adjust polymer degradation and erosion. As a first step, a linear biodegradable polyester poly (lactide), biochemical inert, nontoxic with FDA approval and not too expensive was used. The experiments were performed by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a mixture of DMSO, dichloromethane (DCM) as solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide as anti-solvent. The work was focused on the exploration of favorable operating conditions to yield the appropriate micro-particles.


records, for this is 1598 and the year of his death. A convert, "growing weary of the errors of unquiet England", turns up at the College. The year? 1641 and the eve of the Civil War. And so on: the amazing odyssey of John Ainsworth, the execution of the wild Scot, James (Jamie?) Bullen, in a sambenito, and a great deal more. With the patience of Job and the skills of a cryptographer, Murphy has combed through Spanish archives and identified the students from their phonetically spelt variations, giving us a pen portrait of each. There is also a calendar of documents about the College from Spanish and Jesuit sources. How satisfying to have written what is both a story and a work of reference! Anyone who wants to find out about the education of Catholics or about Seville or the Inquisition or is just curious about Anglo-Spanish history should read this book.


Names of three Monascus strains deposited at BCRC/FIRDI were revised based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological data. Conclusively BCRC 31746 and BCRC 31747 were identified as Monascus purpureus. BCRC 32668 was identified as Monascus sanguineus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was both accurate and reliable in the identification of Monascus species.


In sensitivity analysis of slope stability,the number of test times and test effectiveness are dependent on the test approaches.The application of uniform design can effectively reduce the test times and improve the test effectiveness.As a case study,the sensitivity analysis of a homogeneous soil-slope stability is carried out with density of soil,angle of internal friction,cohesion,angle of slope and acceleration of earthquake are selected as the influencing factors for test design.It is found that the cohesion,the angle of slope and the angle of internal friction are sensitive,but the density of soil and acceleration of earthquake are insensitive.The conclusion can be used in the comprehensive remedy,security monitoring and disaster forecasting of slope.


A set of static mixer comprising a tube having a central axis with three pairs of flaps extending inwardly from an inner tube wall, positioned symmetrically around a symmetry plane passing through the central axis, where first central flaps are arranged to form a bow along the plane of symmetry and pointing upstream, with a second and third pairs of flaps flanking the first flaps and which are positioned to overlap each other so that it is avoided the free flow of fluid down parallel water to the central axis of the tube in an annular region limited peripheral tube, while the unobstructed flow in a region unobstructed flow tube is allowed, the flow region comprises unobstructed central region tube around the central axis and extending to a peripheral region of the tube opposite the bow.


The article presents the experience of using distance learning technologies for video lectures for training physicians of central district hospitals of the Nizhny Novgorod region on topical issues of medical care. The lectures were held in the form of multi-point videoconferencing with Skype software. It was perfected the technology and methodology of training and lectures.


The image pre-processing and information acquire of V groove seam based on structure light vision sensing have been studied. The image taken by CCD camera and processed by threshold transform, median filtering, Laplace sharpening, thinning can distill the stripe of welding line exactly. Then the seam position is detected by slope method. According to the calculation method of V groove's offset, width and height, information is acquired thus realizing seam tracking.


ABSTRACT Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum utilizes dichloromethane as the sole energy source in defined anoxic bicarbonate-buffered mineral salt medium. The products are formate, acetate, inorganic chloride, and biomass. The bacterium's genome was sequenced using PacBio, assembled, and annotated. The complete genome consists of one 3.77-Mb circular chromosome harboring 3,935 predicted protein-encoding genes.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a protein hydrolyzate. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a keratin hydrolyzate. It is proposed a method for producing a protein hydrolyzate, comprising the steps of: providing a source of protein in the form of an aqueous suspension; Adding a complexing agent to the provided protein sources suspension; Adding a base to the provided protein sources suspension; Heating the mixture obtained to a temperature ≥ 60 ° C; Adjusting the pH of the mixture to a value between pH ≥ 2 and ≤ 8 and pH; Filtering the mixture.


Objective To investigate the oral manifestation of acatalasia(AC),and clarify its diagnostic features and periodontal treatment protocol.Methods History of one patient suffering from AC was followed,and physical and oral examination were performed.Referred to the results of physical examination and erythrocyte catalase(catalase,CAT) activity,a diagnosis of AC was confirmed.Foundational periodontal treatment and 12 years' follow-up were performed.Results The oral lesions were manifested as prepubertal periodontitis.Erythrocyte CAT activity(52 mU/L,4.6%) confirmed the final diagnosis of acatalasia-periodontol destroy syndrome.Periodontal therapy has achieved good and stable results.Conclusion The early diagnosis can be made with the disease-specific clinical manifestations and CAT activity test.Early diagnosis and treatments of periodontal disease can receive a good prognosis.


Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is an annual oilseed crop of the Compositae or Asteraceae family commercially grown in Ethiopia and other countries. To study the genetic variation and relationships among twelve Safflower genotypes an experiment was carried out under field conditions in randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Wollo University, Dessie campus using the agro-morphological traits that includes plant height, days to flowering, Days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of capitula per plant, number of seed per capitulum, thousand seed weight, yield per plant, and yield per plot. Results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences among accessions for traits like days to flowering, days to maturity at p ≤0.01, and for number of primary branches and number of secondary branches at p ≤0.05. Seed yield per plant had significant correlations with number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, number of primary and secondary branches. Cluster analysis grouped the 12 genotypes in 2 clusters and one of the accessions remains ungrouped, according to their similarity in various traits studied. The first three principal component analyses were found to explain 85% of the total variation that exists among accessions. The results revealed the presence of a high level of genetic diversity that deserves conservation attention and could be utilized in breeding program to improve Safflower varieties with a high seed yield.


Background: Streptococcus pneumonia had many serious serovars for which the vaccination was not yet developed, immunocompromised patients and patients with splenectomy were more susceptible to infection and sepsis by these organisms.
Case Presentation: We describe a septic shock syndrome patient, who is diabetic with splenectomy, whose sepsis is caused by S. pneumonia. The patient had a pneumococcal vaccination after having a splenectomy due to abdominal trauma 5 years ago. Strain 4 of S. pneumonia caused the patient's septic shock.
Results: Patient's condition improved after 4 weeks of treatment with antibiotics, thrombolytic, renal replacement therapy, and discharged in a good condition, no surgical procedures were needed apart from skin debridement of necrotized tissues.
Conclusion: This instance demonstrates the necessity of considering illnesses caused by bacteria that patients have been immunized against when making a differential diagnosis because there are so many serovars present. Even though vaccine development has increased the development of vaccination for S. pneumonia serovars from 7 to 23 in recent years, there is still a need for novel vaccines that can offer more generalized immunity against other serovars.


SAPO-40 exhibits five main OH species, describable as high-frequency ones (HF, at 3737, 3730, and 3724 cm-1) and low-frequency ones (LF1 and LF2, at 3559 and 3528 cm-1, respectively), the former probably sitting in 12-member-ring channels and the latter either in side pockets or eight-member-ring channels of the AFR structure. The low-temperature interaction of such OH species with CO shows that HF species have strictly similar acidity (comparable to that of HY zeolites), in contrast with previous results concerning H-transfer to NH3. The ease of interaction and the spectral features are in accord with the location in large cavities. The vibration of H-bonded hydroxyl has a noticeable structure with subbands. The interaction of CO with LF1 and LF2 species occurs with difficulty and yields nonlinear complexes because of the steric hindrance brought about by small cavities. Adsorption of N2 follows similar patterns.


Objective To explore application effect and safety of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway anesthesia in gynecological general anesthesia. Methods 96 patients with gynecological laparoscopic operation in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group and control group.The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway was used in observation group,the standard laryngeal mask was applied in control group.Insertion time,the success intubation rate for the first time,satisfaction rate of patient′s pulmonary ventilation and the incidence rate of adverse reaction in two groups was compared respectively. Results Insertion time in observation group was significantly longer than that in control group,the success intubation rate for the first time and satisfaction rate of patient′s pulmonary ventilation was 91.67% and 100.00% respectively,significantly higher than that in control group respectively,with statistical difference(P0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reaction in observation group was 12.5%,significantly lower than that in control group(39.6%),with statistical difference(P 0.05). Conclusion ProSeal laryngeal mask airway anesthesia applied in gynecological general anesthesia has better clinical effect,can effectively extend the insertion time and increase the success intubation rate for the first time,also reduce adverse reaction,has a higher security,is worthy of promotion and application.


With increasing pressures for public accountability by private enterprise, the zone of strategic discretion for top level corporate managers is being reduced. Preliminary evidence from recent field research in a major electric utility showed that corporate plans of major strategic significance were not only "formulated" within the company but "negotiated" implicitly if not explicitly with external parties. To the extent that this phenomenon characterizes policy formation in corporations generally, conventional concepts of corporate strategy formulation as a "rational comprehensive" process are not descriptively accurate and perhaps not even as prescriptively useful as they might be.


From the Publisher:
A unique sociological view of accounting and information systems--their structure, purposes, and impact on business and the organization. Offers a range of perspectives, including human-relations, social-psychology, role relations, expert judgment, cognitive structures, personality traits, organizational sociology, and organization theory. Outlines a general model of the influence of technology on the characteristics and use of information systems. Special technology-based models of management control systems suggest a link between work-unit technology and information systems.


Abstract A bidirectional pulsed electric field (BPEF) with starlike electrodes arrangement constructed by rodlike electrodes was investigated for demulsification of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion in this work. By simulating the distribution of electric field intensity of parallel electrodes arrangement (PEA), concentric electrodes arrangement (CEA) and starlike electrodes arrangement (SEA) respectively, it was discovered that the SEA has the smallest proportion of the low field intensity area and the largest proportion of the high field intensity area, which could provide an appropriate electric field environment for demulsification of O/W emulsion. The effects of voltage, frequency, duty cycle and emulsion conductivity on demulsification of O/W emulsion were explored experimentally. For the O/W emulsion with an initial oil content of 3200 mg/L, the demulsification rate ascended with the increase of voltage, duty cycle and emulsion conductivity, but descended with the increase of frequency. The oil content and turbidity of the effluent firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of voltage, frequency and duty cycle, but increased steadily with the increase of emulsion conductivity. The optimal demulsification performance of O/W emulsion was obtained at the voltage of 500 V, frequency of 50 Hz, duty cycle of 40% and the emulsion conductivity of 2 μs/cm, and the oil content of the effluent could be reduced to 5.39 mg/L. Graphical Abstract


Spray-dried lactose is one of the most used filler-binders in direct compaction of tablets.
Spray-dried lactose is produced by spray-drying a suspension of α-lactose monohydrate
crystals in a saturated aqueous solution of lactoses. The resulting product is composed of
spherical particles, containing 80-85% crystals of α-lactose monohydrate (primary particles) and 15-20% amorphous lactose
The compactibility of two commercial spray-dried lactoses, Pharmatose® DCL 11
(DCL11), prepared from α-lactose monohydrate with a median primary particle size of 34
µm and a new product, Pharmatose® DCL 14 (DCL14), prepared from 20 µm primary
particles, were investigated.


The potential utility of real-time handheld microwave imaging systems is significant in wide range of applications including nondestructive testing of aerospace composites. In such applications, monostatic imaging systems, where the structure-under-test (SUT) is inspected from one side using transceiver antenna arrays for irradiation and reception as well, are highly desired. This stems from the fact that access to both sides of the SUT is commonly limited in practice and monostatic imaging systems yield higher resolution than bi-static systems. To realize a monostatic system, a directional coupler is typically used to drive each antenna array element with the illuminating wave which impinges upon the SUT, and also delivers the reflected wave to the receiver for detection. Due to the space limitation in typical imaging arrays, the size and weight of the utilized directional coupler become critical for the realization of handled imaging systems. Many of the conventional directional couplers cannot fulfill the size requirement or otherwise show weak coupling and/or isolation coefficients at high frequencies. In this paper, we present a miniaturized 3D directional coupler design on multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB), which satisfies the size requirement and has a good performance in terms of coupling and isolation coefficients at 24 GHz.


Recognizing prior research and reflection, we offer a definition of interdisciplinary research (IDR) that focuses on integration of concepts, techniques and/or data. We note that this need not entail teaming. Building upon this definition, we discuss its implications for accurate measurement. We then synthesize contextual and process factors expected to foster knowledge integration. These suggest a rich set of research questions concerning the implications for successful IDR of actions by universities, funding organizations, professional associations, and the science media, including journal editors. We seek to engage social scientists who study research practices, organizations, and policy in consideration of interdisciplinary research processes and their evaluation. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


Statements of the main results Reformulation of the main results Reduction steps in proving the main theorems Test functions Haar measure Tail estimates Large $N$ limits and Fredholm determinants Several variables Equidistribution Monodromy of families of curves Monodromy of some other families GUE discrepancies in various families Distribution of low-lying Frobenius eigenvalues in various families Appendix AD: Densities Appendix AG: Graphs References.


Many experiments have observed charmed particles inclusively in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation, hadro-, photo-, and neutrino- production, and recently in the direct cascade process from B meson decay. The scale of these measurements is set largely by the branching ratios B(D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sup -/..pi../sup +/) and B(D/sup +/ ..-->.. K/sup -/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/). These branching fractions have been measured by attributing the enhancement in the total hadronic cross section at the psi(3770) resonance to D anti D production, and normalizing the rates for K/sup -/..pi../sup +/ and K/sup -/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/ accordingly. These height measurements however exhibit a wide variance. Two years ago a new technique for measuring branching fractions was introduced by the Mark III, which largely avoided the cross section normalization. The result, however, yielded significantly larger values for all branching ratios while leaving their relative values unchanged. In turn, it created a problem for subsequent high statistics inclusive measurements of charm (in particular the continuum e/sup +/e/sup -/ production rate and B cascade decay rates) where an approx.50% ''deficit'' of charm was claimed to exist by CLEO. With the rescaling downward by 24% (21%) of the Mark III D/sup 0/ (D/sup +/) values, the so-called ''charmmore » deficit'' is again addressed in this review. Also introduced here are new measurements from ARGUS and HRS which also directly address the issue of charm normalization with statistics comparable to other measurements. Finally, an attempt is made to understand the whole body of psi(3770) resonance data. 13 refs.« less


Abstract A lot has happened in our world since last we met. The FBI is under siege for its Carnivore system, Verizon, confronted with a security hole that allowed access to customer data fixed it, but really didn't. A new flavor of the Love Bug bit, and a new back-door Trojan hit the streets. Law enforcement started recruiting hackers. And 2600 actually took the (unsuccessful) position that computer code is covered under the First Amendment, which would have allowed them to publish code that could crack the DVD copy-protection program. Add to that the position taken by my 18-year-old son and most of his friends that copyrighted material (specifically music) should be free to anyone who wants it, regardless of license and copyright. I guess I'm beginning to see why people of my parent's generation think that the United States has sunken into a moral abyss worthy of Sodom and Gomorrah.


Objective To discuss the clinical significance of color Doppler ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy fistulation for treating hydronephrosis.Methods Color doppler ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in 46 patients.Results Totally 49 kidney were performed in 46 patients with successful rate of 100%,no serious complications.Conclusion The operation of percutaneous renopuncture fistulation under the guidance of color doppler ultrasound has is successful rate.It is safe and effective,with less injury,and having high practical value.