The present invention provides a method for preparing lacosamide comprising the steps of: (A) the D- serine is reacted with acetic anhydride yields the intermediate N, 0- bis-acetyl -D--serine; (B) the N, diacetyl -D- serine O- methylated ether to give N- acetyl -D- serine; (C) the N- acetyl -D--serine benzyl ether and an amine to give (R) -2- acetamide group -N- benzyl-3-methoxy propionamide. Preparation Example of the present invention has a short reaction route, avoiding racemization and product yield, relatively high purity effect.


Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important and problematic pathogen causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in hospitalized patients. Results of an 8-year period from a university hospital are presented. Identification of A. baumannii was performed by Gram-negative BD BBL Crystal ID and VITEK®2 system, whereas, susceptibility testing by VITEK2, Kirby–Bauer disc system, and Etest strips. Interpretation of results was based on CLSI criteria and, regarding tigecycline, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria. Between 2006 and 2013, 441 among 7088 BSI cases were attributed to A. baumannii. Of all isolates, 92·1% were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics and 79·4% were resistant to all but one or two categories of antimicrobials. Resistance to ampicillin–sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, and tigecycline increased during the study period (P<0·05). Although tigecycline resistance was low during the first 4 years of the study (25·5%), it increased up to 66·5% during 2010–2013. No isolate was colistin resistant.


This paper examines the focus on the connections between family life and juvenile crime. Existing literature silences the voices of young offenders and their families and renders them the passive objects of empirical inquiry. The resulting one-dimensional representation of offenders and their families vastly over-simplifies the complexities of family life and ignores the specific consequences of criminalization for all family members. This paper reports on the early stages of research on the lived experiences of the families of juvenile offenders in Townsville, Australia and draws out the implications of the research for policy-maker s and social work practitioners.


The invention relates to an electronic device and controlling method thereof. The method includes detecting a touch on a touch-sensitive display of an electronic device, determining a distance between a first filtered touch location established based on a first detected touch location at a first time, and a second detected touch location at a second time, filtering noise from the second detected touch location to determine a second filtered touch location, wherein the filtering is based on the distance.


In this paper, the problem of adaptive control of the eddy current retarder considering the uncertainty of the road slope is researched. An adaptive controller is designed based on the dynamic model of the eddy current retarder, for the purpose of vehicle speed regulation. The validation of the proposed controller is given by the numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the vehicle speed can be regulated to its desired value, and the temperature of the rotating disk can reached its equilibrium value.


The writer studied the strength of yuurei (ghost) character named Ryota than human character named Kusano on Bonasu Torakku (Bonus Track) by Osamu Koshigaya. The analysis used the notes identification of character based on repeatation princip, collecting princip, and similarity and opposition princip. Firstly the writer analyzed the plot and setting. The result of this research, yuurei and human character through repeatation princip, Ryota include disappointed, compassion and sad. While Kusano include persevering, deft, and responsible. Collecting princip of yuurei include anger, happy, firm and careful. While human include obedient, anger, helpful dan careful. Similarity and opposition princip of yuurei and human include anger and careful. The strength of yuurei (Ryota) are in repeatation princip and collecting princip which is enjoy the life as a yuurei after his dead, although he thinks if he is a transparent man for another human. Inversely proportional with the human (Kusano) who lost his passion and spending his time just to work without think about enjoyment of his life. Keyword: novel, character, notes identification of character


The main object of this bachelor work is to explain marketing communication of DPmP a.s.. The theoretical part of this work deals with and limit the basic terms of marketing and the system of communication. Then it defines the marketing communication and it analyses the individual implements of communication mix. The practical part firstly represents development of company, describes the current position in the market and supply of services. After that they are applied individual implements of communication mix and theirs practical utilization. The bachelor work attends to assess the situation and there are suggestions and recommendation how to improve marketing communication of this firm, in conclusion.


The prevalence of acne vulgaris in Indonesia is quite a lot experienced by college students. The many routines of medical students are one of the factors for irregular dietary habits and rest patterns, which can lead to acne vulgaris. This study aims to determine the association between dietary habits and the incidence of acne vulgaris in among preclinical students of Medical Faculty of Al Azhar Islamic University, Mataram (Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar: FK UNIZAR) in 2019, 2020, and 2021. This study used a cross-sectional study, assessed dietary habits with questionnaires tested for validity and reliability, and made facial observations to assess the gradation of acne vulgaris based on the Lehmann gradation. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS Version 23 & statistical tests using the Chi-Square method. Based on the analysis results using the Chi-Square Test, the p-value is 0.143. There was no significant association between diet and the incidence of acne vulgaris in FK UNIZAR preclinical students. It is hoped that future researchers can formulate other variables and increase the number and variety of respondents.


The introduction of technology and with it the digital platforms used in the educational field are revolutionizing the teaching-learning process. YouTube is a platform that is currently used in the educational process, being the most used among users aged 17 to 25 years. The present investigation manages to identify some of the educational youtubers in the Ecuadorian context, to know their perspectives and by means of observation techniques, content analysis and the management of the Social Blade platform the impact and forecasts regarding visualizations, subscriptions and videos of Each of its channels. Four youtubers are determined that aim to focus their content to educate users, some through tutorials and others through experiences and testimonials.


The article presents the teaching work of Beata Dąbrowska (1960-2016) at Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Institute of Music. During over 30 years of her work at the University, Beata Dąbrowska – a conductor and teacher – educated several dozen graduates. As part of her teaching duties, she taught courses in choral conducting, reading the scores, vocal band, methodology of conducting vocal band, and in choir and choral literature. The classes in these subjects focused on choral music, which she liked the most. This text presents the methods and the style of her work during classes in choral conducting, reading the scores and choral literature. The description of her teaching, including, inter alia, manual and technical aspects of conducting, repertoire and interpretative issues, has been complemented with the remembrances by her students: graduates of the Institute of Music: Milena Lis and Izabela Urban and students – Kinga Rdzak and Jagoda Pondel. These memories confirm that Professor Dąbrowska – a person of great personal culture – conducted her classes with extreme calm and self-control. She was a demanding teacher but at the same time she created a warm and cordial atmosphere.


The goal of this study is to identify geometrical differences in the boundary structure of cells using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A variety of cancer tissues have been demonstrated to possess their own structural identities defined as fractal dimensions when they are grown in vivo. Fractal structure is clearly characterized by recursive self-similarity over scales suggesting that the fractal geometry of cancer could be applicable to cells as well as to tissues. However, the fractal geometry of cancer in a single cell has not been elucidated. Here we investigate the fractal structure of several different cell lines established from normal and cancer tissues using SEM. The data from SEM imaging allowed us to determine the fine boundary structure of human breast cells including MCF10A (normal cell line), MCF7 (weakly invasive cell line), and MDA-MB231 (highly invasive cell line). A box-counting analysis of cell boundaries extracted from the SEM images revealed that each cell line has a diagnostic inclination toward a fractal structure although it is not much different from each other.


A brief introduction to the developmental history of personality psychology is given. Two trends, the clinical, holistic approach and the experimental, elemental approach, lay the foundation for issues that would confront the field into the present. While the accepted mandate has been the study of the whole person, the experimental paradigm has been hegemonic. Emphasis has been placed on knowledge of individual differences across variety of abstract constructs. The person and the situation, two central concepts, have been decreed independent, alternative, competing factors in accounting for individual conduct. John Dewey's psychology, based on organicism and personenvironment mutualism, is presented as challenging basic assumptions and theories of personality psychology. For Dewey, personality is a product of individuals being incorporated into the sociocultural milieu that is their life context, and from which they cannot be disengaged. Kritische Psychologie is discussed as sympathetic to some of Dewey's propositions.


This study sought to determine effective teaching strategies for use with high-ability students who have spatial strengths and sequential weaknesses. Gifted students with spatial strengths and weak verbal skills often struggle in the traditional classroom. Their learning style enables them to grasp complex systems and excel at higher levels of thinking while struggling with material typically considered "easy." Many high-ability students with spatial strengths and verbal weaknesses underachieve and even drop out of school. Teachers must develop effective strategies to help these at-risk students experience success in educational settings. If students with spatial strengths find success in the educational system, then they are more likely to become creative producers in society and less likely to underachieve and be underemployed.


SmartWater flooding showed favorable change in wettability and subsequently increase oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs [1]. Wettability alteration has been proposed as the main reason behind the increase in the recovery due to modified water chemistry, however the exact mechanism is still not fully understood [2]. To address the interaction mechanism, several microscopic to macroscopic conventional methods have been applied such as coreflooding, contact angle, surface charge, NMR and IFT [3]. However, such interaction occurs at a molecular scale where the above mentioned methods cannot provide sufficient information due to limitation of resolution and visualization [4]. Therefore, it is quite challenging to understand the behavior of fluids interactions with carbonate minerals at high resolution.


The limited number of tools and resources available to guide emergency response in conflict settings is particularly grim. In order to improve response in areas impacted by emergencies, responders need new frameworks to guide the inclusion of wider macro-level determinants such as conflict throughout the program cycle. The Conflict Determinant Model (CDM) provides a theoretical base for emergency responders, public health professionals, and social scientists to include the social determinants of health in their programming and for analysis of the impact of conflict on health status. By considering conflict as a macro-level determinant of health, responders and agencies can design high quality contextually relevant programming that identifies and responds to the wider social inequalities that create conflict.


Finland was the only Nordic country to join the European Monetary Union (EMU) when it began on January 1, 1999. In the autumn of 1994, the voters of Sweden and Finland decided to join the European Union (EU), while those in Norway decided to remain outside. In Denmark, the voters had earlier decided not to join the single currency area but otherwise remain a fully-integrated member of the EU. Denmark, however, maintains the option of having another voter referendum. The government of Sweden decided on a similar course, in essence reneging on the commitment made when voters accepted the Maastricht Treaty, by announcing in Spring 1997 that it would not be among the first group of EU countries forming monetary union. The article is structured in the following manner. Section 2 critically evaluates the optimal currency literature as a political economy guide to drawing practical inferences about the desirability of joining EMU. Section 3 presents empirical evidence demonstrating that the Nordic countries, with the exception of Denmark, are not as strongly tied to the Germany economy as many other small European nations. Section 4 considers the argument that the ECB structure may be too conservative for the Nordic countries given their policy preferences. Section 5 concludes the paper.


In these last decades, the favourite myth elaborated by the western populist political discourse was that of a new phenomenon of immigration that was threatening their societies. While migration in Western Europe has been neither new nor threatening, the transformations in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have posed new challenges to both East and West. At a time when EU15 was being defined and redefined as a major immigration target, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)[1] was gradually acquiring a dual profile as a region of both emigrants and immigrants. Consequently, a "new migration space" (Wallace & Stola 2001) ? first in the EU proximity and then inside the union ? was being constructed.


In this paper, we shall deal with -pseudo almost automorphic solutions to a neutral di erential equation. To achieve this goal, we first prove a composition theorem for -pseudo almost automorphic func- tions under suitable conditions, and then apply it to investigate some existence results by the interpolation theory and fixed point methods.


Objective: to understand the use of time by nurse managers in psychiatry and mental health units, as they carry out their daily tasks. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out by 48 managers from public psychiatric units and from the social sector. Data collection was made through an online questionnaire that is part of the Scale of Perception of Nurse Manager Work, including 43 items separated in five functional domains of nurse managers. The responses were in a Likert scale: does not take time, takes little time, takes some time, takes much time. Results: the activities inherent to ethical and legal professional practices and to the management of care and of human resources required more time from the manager when compared to policy interventions, and consulting and professional development. Conclusion: the managers recognize that managing time implies organization, planning work, and establishing priorities in the tasks to be developed.


Introduction: It remains unclear if the development of health services, clinical management, and scientific evidence, during the pandemic is associated with better medical outcomes, sustained in the long term, for Covid-19 patients of each gender. This study presents the trends in mortality associated with Covid-19 for women and men during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: This study was based in 17 Spanish hospitals. Sociodemographic, clinical, and mortality data from all patients with Covid-19, who had been discharged alive, or had died after being admitted, between March 2020 and February 2021, were used. The association between time of admission and mortality was examined with multivariate logistic regression models. Results: 3390 Covid-19 patients were included in the study, of which 1330 were women, the age was M(SD): 66.55(16.55) Death was reported for 451 patients. There was a significant decreasing trend in mortality by time of admission for the whole year with an OR: 0.86(0.77-0.96) p=0.005. No significant trend in mortality for women was observed OR: 1.00(0.85-1.19) p=0.959, while there was a significant decreasing trend for men OR: 0.78 (0.68-0.90) p=0.001 Discussion: The health policies put in place, the scientific evidence developed by researchers, and the experienced acquired by clinicians, are likely to explain this improvement in mortality. More epidemiological and clinical studies addressing trends of mortality in patients with different sociodemographic and clinical profile and the improvement of clinical outcomes are required. Future research may address the safety and efficacy of interventions specifically in female patients.


Over the past few decades, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved outstanding results in addressing a broad scope of computer vision problems. Despite these improvements, fully convolutional Siamese neural networks (FCSNN) still hardly adapt to complex scenes, such as appearance change, scale change, similar objects interference, etc. The present study focuses on an enhanced FCSNN based on convolutional block hyperparameters optimization, a new activation function (ModReLU) and Gaussian low pass filter. The optimization of hyperparameters is an important task, as it has a crucial ascendancy on the tracking process performance, especially when it comes to the initialization of weights and bias. They have to work efficiently with the following activation function layer. Inadequate initialization can result in vanishing or exploding gradients. In the first method, we propose an optimization strategy for initializing weights and bias in the convolutional block to ameliorate the learning of features so that each neuron learns as much as possible. Next, the activation function normalizes the output. We implement the convolutional block hyperparameters optimization by setting the convolutional weights initialization to constant, the bias initialization to zero and the Leaky ReLU activation function at the output. In the second method, we propose a new activation, ModReLU, in the activation layer of CNN. Additionally, we also introduce a Gaussian low pass filter to minimize image noise and improve the structures of images at distinct scales. Moreover, we add a pixel-domain-based color adjustment implementation to enhance the capacity of the proposed strategies. The proposed implementations handle better rotation, moving, occlusion and appearance change problems and improve tracking speed. Our experimental results clearly show a significant improvement in the overall performance compared to the original SiamFC tracker. The first proposed technique of this work surpasses the original fully convolutional Siamese networks (SiamFC) on the VOT 2016 dataset with an increase of 15.42% in precision, 16.79% in AUPC and 15.93% in IOU compared to the original SiamFC. Our second proposed technique also reveals remarkable advances over the original SiamFC with 18.07% precision increment, 17.01% AUPC improvement and an increase of 15.87% in IOU. We evaluate our methods on the Visual Object Tracking (VOT) Challenge 2016 dataset, and they both outperform the original SiamFC tracker performance and many other top performers.


Through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Los Alamos National Laboratory and HYTEC, Inc., a portable 3-D Computed Tomography (CT) system has been developed that dramatically reduces the overall complexity and time-to-completion for performing CT studies. The system incorporates an amorphous silicon flat-panel detector, coupled motion control and state of the art software to produce high quality CT results. All alignment, image calibration and radiation exposure monitoring is handled in software, thereby, eliminating the need for precise mechanical positioning during setup or a highly stable source of radiation. The image acquisition hardware occupies a minimal 30-inch x 48-inch footprint and is mounted on a portable cart for transportation between multiple X-ray sites. The software is built on the Windows NT/2K operating system for maximum flexibility in today's industry, and offers an unprecedented user interface designed for technicians and operators who have minimal computer training. Multiple reconstruction methods (parallel, fan and cone beam) are provided and can be run in a parallel-processed mode on any number of Windows NT/2K computers to decrease reconstruction time. Visualization software offers 2-D and 3-D viewing including slice animation and volume rendering of entire objects.


This paper describes an underwater acoustic communication experiment executed in the North Sea near Norway. A submarine broadcast direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals with data rates of 167 and 33 bit/s. The receiver station was a surface ship with a towed hydrophone array. As the platforms sailed away from each other the SNR at the receiver progressively dropped, with a continuously changing channel impulse response. It is shown that these complicating factors are largely overcome by beamforming of the hydrophone signals in combination with chip-level channel equalization. After the spread-spectrum gain, applied at a late stage in the reception chain, the transmissions are virtually free of errors up to a distance of 12 km.


In 1969 an apparently unique patient with myasihenia gravis alopecia and an associated widespread hair follicle hamartoma was reported by Brown, Crounse & Winkelmann (1969). We describe here a case which shows striking clinical and pathological similarities 10 that original patient.


Ultrafine WC-Co cemented carbide cutting inserts were prepared by direct low pressure sintering and low pressure sintering after the powder pretreatment, tool life tests of continuous cutting superalloy GH2132 were carried out, respectively. ZEISS continuous zoom stereo microscope and microphotograph system were used to observe flank surface wear morphology of the cutting inserts, and analysis the topography and elements of central wear region of flank surface by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of ultrafine cemented carbide cutting inserts is adhesive wear, and the wear resistance of ultrafine cemented carbide cutting inserts that low pressure sintering after powder pretreatment is superior to direct sintering, powder pretreatment helps increase the resistance of abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidative wear as well as diffusive wear of cutting inserts.


At the early prechondrogenic stage, within an overall common developmental bauplan, the larval urodele limb provides examples of variation in pattern some of which may be classified as caenogenetic or heterochronic, in some cases clearly adaptive. Comparison of ossification pattern in larval limb development has been relatively neglected. The sequence of ossification along the fore and hindlimb digits was examined in Salamandrella keyserlingii , Onychodactylus fisheri , Triturus vulgaris , and Triturus vittatus . In Onychodactylus and Triturus vittatus in almost all digits the ossification sequence is proximo-distal as in the chondrogenic sequence. In Salamandrella the normal sequence is also proximo-distal, but in the digits of a number of variants the sequence is distal-proximal. In Triturus vulgaris , the sequence is distal-proximal. These differences appear unrelated to phyletic relations or to ecological niche, whether this is rheophilic ( Onychodactylus ) or limnophilic. The variety of normal sequences together with the frequency of individual variation suggests that the ossification sequence may not be tightly controlled. But the varied patterns of chondrogenesis and digit ossification illustrate the dynamic and varied character of the developmental bauplan of the caudate limb.


This study examines the L2 acquisition of English unaccusative verbs by Korean EFL learners. L2 learners of English, including Korean learners of English, tend to accept the ungrammatical passive...


Cross-correlations between VCSEL transverse modes are measured using 40GSps synchronous observations of spatially separated modes. Positive correlation and anti-correlation behaviors are observed as well as low, distinct kmpn, contrary to assumptions of the IEEE model.


To construct forecasts for time series exhibiting breaks, the paper examines long autoregressions, where the number of lags is growing with T, and possible breaks are simply ignored. The paper shows that the OLS estimators are still elementwise consistent for the true autoregressive coefficients when neglecting a break in mean, but the sum of the estimators converges to unity. Thanks to this unit-root like behavior of the fitted model, the resulting conditional forecasts are consistent for the true values. As long as the dynamic structure is invariant, the robustness property of the forecasts holds a) under data-dependent lag length selection, b) for a piecewise smoothly varying mean function, and c) under general autoregressive dynamics of possibly infinite order including stationary long memory. Under breaks in the dynamic structure, however, estimators are asymptotically biased, and the forecasts from long autoregressions are biased themselves even in the limit.


A SURVEY suggesting nurses are no longer thought of as potential trust chief executives has caused a storm of protest.


A beautiful victim, a high-priced prostitute, a lover, a powerful courtier, a destitute penitent--the royal mistress in early modern English poetry and drama is represented as all of these and more. This dissertation focuses on two mistresses who appear repeatedly in the literature of the period: Rosamond Clifford and "Jane" Shore. The aim of this project is to demonstrate that the representations of mistresses become a forum for cultural debate. The interaction of sexuality, gender, and power in these stories provides us with an opportunity to observe a range of recuperative and subversive responses to patriarchy and its discontents. Chapter One establishes the historical context through an examination of the careers of Anne Boleyn and Aemilia Lanyer, two very different mistresses. Chapter Two introduces Rosamond Clifford and explores Samuel Daniel's problematic creation of an "unparadised" middle ground for the mistress. Chapter Three examines representations by William Warner, Michael Drayton, Thomas Deloney, and Thomas May, each of whom offers a different perspective on the mistress as victim or lover. Chapter Four introduces "Jane" Shore (actually Elizabeth) and considers the representations of Sir Thomas More and Thomas Churchyard who both present the mistress as a powerful and responsible courtier. Chapter Five discusses the attempts to depoliticise Shore by Anthony Chute and Thomas Heywood which are balanced by the more optimistic views of individual agency in The True Tragedy and in Drayton's verse epistles. The conclusion emphasises the importance of employing a relational approach when attempting an examination of ideological stances as they are represented in texts, and offers a recapitulation of the positions taken in representative texts discussed in the course of the dissertation. Finally, the strategies and findings of the project are applied to two paintings of "Jane" Shore.


A chemotherapy center in the city of Rotterdam, which focuses on reducing stress moments for the patients. This by applying nature and resting places.


Van der Pol oscillator can be used to model microwave negative oscillator, and injection locked oscillator can be looked as forced Van der Pol oscillator. The article studies the amplitude and phase dynamics of the forced Van der Pol oscillator, and gets conditions under which injection locking phenomena can occur. Injection locked Van der Pol oscillator is also realized with a simple modern semiconductor circuit in the article. At last OrCAD PSpice is used to simulate the circuit and testify the conclusions got by theory analyzing.


Background: Pseudomonas mosselli is a Gram negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-sporing and motile bacterium co-existing in the soil with plants, protecting them from fungal and bacterial infections by producing diverse molecules and causing rare opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. Most common presentations of respiratory infection caused by this isolate include fever, respiratory distress and purulent cough. Satisfactory antibiotic coverage and early diagnosis mostly leads to complete recovery of the patient.
Cases: Three cases have been included in our case series of which case 1 had type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hypertension and was also diagnosed SARS- CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR (Real time polymerase chain reaction), case 2 had Takosubo cardiomyopathy, an immunological disorder with impending heart failure and case 3 suffered from advanced renal failure due to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis on weekly dialysis and steroid therapy. Pseudomonas mosselii from the respiratory samples of the patients admitted to a tertiary care centre were identified by the culture characteristics, biochemical reactions and species identification, performed by Matrix assisted laser desorption / ionization- time of flight- mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).
Conclusion: Pseudomonas mosselii causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Respiratory infections caused by it are highly drug susceptible and can be easily overcome by administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing.


The study examines the effectiveness of two rows of hybrid film cooling holes over a plate surface using infrared technology and a thermal wind tunnel. The two rows consist of seventeen coolant injection holes, with nine in the first row and eight in the second row. Two cases were studied: case 1 using cylindrical holes and case 2 using hybrid holes. Both cases had the same cross-sectional area with a hydraulic diameter of 5.3 mm and a forward coolant injection angle of 30° in the streamwise direction. Different blowing ratios (mass flows ratio between the coolant and mainstream) were tested at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. The study focuses on evaluating the impact of hole shape with various blowing ratios on film cooling effectiveness. In addition, thermal images of the test surface were taken via an infrared camera after reaching a steady state. The results indicated that at a blowing ratio of 0.5, there was a significant enhancement in film efficacy, with a decrease in the test surface temperature of the cylinder and hybrid hole cases by 31.8% and 35.0%, respectively, when compared to a blowing ratio of 1.0 and 1.5, which had a temperature increase. Therefore, the film cooling effectiveness decreased to 30.9% and 32.4%, and 29.5% and 31.7% for the cylinder and hybrid hole cases, respectively. Additionally, the better overall film cooling effectiveness in this study was achieved by the configuration of the hybrid holes at a blowing ratio of 0.5, which resulted in a film cooling effectiveness of 35.0%


Nanoclays, 2D layered mineral silicates, have exceptional physical and chemical (mechanical, thermal, and barrier) properties. Depending on the chemical composition and nanoparticle morphology, nanoclays are organized into several classes: montmorillonite,...


This paper describes a project designed to investigate and demonstrate communication between two autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The basic concept of multiple cooperating AUVs implies that these systems must, of necessity be able to communicate with each other in some meaningful way. This paper presents the results of in-water field experiments in which two AUV systems were able to communicate with each other using acoustic modems while conducting a simple mission. The AUVs used in this project were two EAVE III systems developed by the Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory (MSEL). A pair of acoustic telemetry modems (ATMs) acquired from Datasonics Inc. provided the communication channel. The experiments successfully demonstrated (1) simultaneous navigation of two AUVs within a single transponder network, (2) acoustic exchange of data (both ways) between the two vehicles, (3) runtime modifications of acoustic link parameters (BPS rate, packet size), and (4) modification of one vehicle's mission by the other vehicle while underway via communication over the acoustic channel.


The ocular complications resulting from topical and systemic medications are reviewed. In the case of oral contraceptives (OC) 1 study showed no ocular disease or changes in 212 OC users that could not be expected to occur in a random sampling of the general population. Occasionally the initiation of OC use has resulted in an intolerance to contact lenses in patients who previously wore them comfortably. Transient scotoma was observed in 4 of 58 women treated with clomiphene for infertility. The site of toxicity was believed to be the retina.


Objective To explore the efficacy of Difaming Tablets in improvement of high myopia and amblyopia of children. MethodsPatients(200 cases) with high myopia and amblyopia of children from October 2012 to October 2013 in the Ophthalmology Hospital of Shenzhen City were randomly divided into treatment(100 cases) and control(100 cases) groups. The patients in the treatment group were po administered with Difaming Tablets, one tablet/time, twice daily. The patients in the control group were po administered with Starch Tablets, one tablet/time, twice daily. The patients in the two groups were treated for six months. The changes of eyesight, diopter, eye axis, corneal refractive power, and corneal thickness in the two groups after the treatment of 3, 6 months, and followed up for 6 months were observed. Results The average eyesight in the treatment group was improved after the treatment of 6 months, and followed up for 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group(P 0.05). The eyesight in the control group was no statistically significant difference before and after the treatment. The eyesight in the treatment group was better than that in control group after the treatment of 6 months, and followed up for 6 months, with the significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05). The diopter, eye axis, and corneal thickness in the treatment group were improved after the treatment of 6 months, and followed up for 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group(P 0.05). These indicators in the treatment group were better than those in the control group, with the significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05). The diopter, eye axis, and corneal thickness in the control group were increased followed up for 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group(P 0.05). Conclusions Difaming Tablets can obviously improve the eyesight of high myopia and amblyopia of children, and can reduce the diopter, eye axis, and corneal thickness, which has the certain curative effect for high myopia and amblyopia of children.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the game balliret in improving student learning outcomes Elementary School fourth grade second semester Bugel Sidorejo Salatiga District 02 Academic Year 2012/2013. This research is a classroom action research conducted by teachers in the class itself, takes place in two cycles involving all fourth grade students of SDN 02 Bugel totaling 14 students, consisting of 7 boys and 7 students daughters. Based on the results of this study illustrated that the implementation of the basic motion skip learning through play approach balliret showed success. Target mastery learning basic movement jump in the study was 85%. In the first cycle data showed that the percentage of 73.8% cognitive, affective aspects of 87.14%, and 68.28% of psychomotor aspects. So that the overall absorption of the material in the first cycle to 74% with an average of 73.8. Can be stated that in the first cycle of learning has not been successful. While in the second cycle the percentage of students in aspects of cognitive mastery reached 83.33%, reaching 100% affective aspects, and aspects of psychomotor reached 77.14%. You could say the percentage of mastery learning cycle II was 85% with an average of 85. It can be said that there is an increase in learning outcomes from the first cycle to the second cycle of 11.20%, ie from 73.8% to 85%. Thus, learning is said to have succeeded. Thus, it was concluded that the approach is effective balliret games improve learning outcomes of basic motion skip the second semester of fourth grade students of SDN 02 Bugel Sidorejo Salatiga District Academic Year 2012/2013.


Difluoroenol silyl ethers, produced in situ from acylsilanes and CF3TMS, react as electrophiles with amines to give difluoroimines, via the corresponding hemiaminal adduct, as evidenced by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Reaction with (R)-phenylglycinol led to 2-difluoromethyloxazolidines. After separation of the diastereomers, reduction with LAH and Strecker-type synthesis gave enantiopure alpha-difluoromethylamines and alpha-difluoromethyl-alpha-amino acids, respectively.


Realizing social exclusion at its peak in Masvingo, Gutu district, Non Governmental Organizations intervened through the provision of piggery project as an attempt to empower the rural communities. This paper sought to evaluate the contribution of piggery production project to the empowerment of rural people in ward 21 of Gutu District. Quantitatively; questionnaires were used while interviews and field observations were done in collecting qualitative data. The findings revealed that different benefits were derived from the project and these included meat (human capital), manure and infrastructures (physical capital), and financial capital. These benefits brought empowerment through human capital enhancement, increased income from financial capital, broadening livelihood portfolios through Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAS), chicken rearing, rural trade and garden farming from manure. Although the project achieved economic empowerment to some extent, little was done to social empowerment since women, children, the old aged, the HIV and AIDS victims were secluded while the economically active group empowered. Therefore, for such projects to succeed ,there should be inclusion of all the people in the village willing to participate regardless of the age, sex, marital status and health; training and marketing of products be strengthened for the sustainability of the empowerment projects.


This 2nd annual meeting of the National Society of Cutaneous Medicine invigorated dermatology residents with real world expertise. This pivotal concept was pioneered by the founding five: Mark G. Lebwohl, Darrell S. Rigel, Clay J. Cockerell, James Q. Del Rosso, and Roger I. Ceilley (Fig. 1)! One hundred fifty-three residents from 27 dermatology residency programs came to the Flamingo Hotel, which has anchored the Las Vegas Strip since 1946, for an extraordinary educational experience. Notables of American dermatology lectured beginning from 7:15 AM Saturday morning with presentations lasting until 4 PM in two full days of learning geared to dermatologists in training. Clay J. Cockerell (Dallas) emphasized that some photodermatitis with bright red erythema is associated with only a minimal inflammatory infiltrate. Lawrence A. Schachner (Miami) does not give injections, but rather little pinches or mosquito bites, noting a modest pinch often attenuates the discomfort of an intralesional injection into the middle of the tented skin. Boni E. Elewski (Birmingham) recommended vinegar soaks with half white vinegar and half water for green nail pseudomonas infections, stressing the need for bone x-rays once this bacterial infection and possible co-existent fungal one have resolved, to rule out underlying osteomyelitis. US Deputy Surgeon General Boris D. Lushniak (Bethesda) delineated bioterrorism, proclaiming that a new anthrax vaccine has been developed. Concern remains after only 1 g in letters resulted in 22 cases, five deaths, and more than a $1 billion in expense. John J. Zone (Salt Lake City) advocated use of bisphosphonates to prevent bone demineralization when starting oral steroids. James Q. Del Rosso (Las Vegas) evinces cautious utilization of oral spironolactone as beneficial in post-teenage acne. Robert A. Schwartz (Newark) highlighted retiform purpura due to levamisole-adulterated cocaine, which is characterized by both purpura and cutaneous necrosis. Mark G. Lebwohl (New York City) discussed compounding with salicylic acid, but has found that many times pharmacists use acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) instead. Darrell S. Rigel (New York) urged not allowing staff to text, make personal cell calls, or use Facebook or Twitter, as such activities diminish productivity and look unprofessional. Roger I. Ceilley (West Des Moines) notes gold-handled carbide jawed needle holders are strong jawed, and require repair less often than the less-expensive stainless steel ones. Attendees were urged to join the National Society for Cutaneous Medicine, free for residents. The Society is committed to a program of practical dermatologic education, a goal superbly attained in Las Vegas thanks to a stellar faculty and ebullient residents (Fig. 2).


Introduction. Russia is the country with the highest risk of fires and severity of their consequences in the world. The development of innovations in fire prevention and liquidation has a great economic importance. The purpose of the research is to analyze the national patents for inventions in physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination, granted in 1994-2016. Materials and methods of research. The object of study is an electronic patent database of Patents and Trademarks of Russia (Rospatent). The keywords "fire*" truncated with an asterisk (*) and connected with OR operator were used. The patents were divided into groups applying a routine method. The dynamics of the number of patents granted over the years was obtained through the time series analysis, using a second order polynomial trendline. Results and analysis. The polynomial trendline of the number of patents granted in 1994-2016 with low determination coefficient ( R 2 = 0.61) shows their increase. Rospatent registered 3,297 fire safety inventions during the period under review, including 515 inventions in physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination. They represent 15.6 % of the total number of fire safety inventions. Patents corresponding to class A62 "Rescue service; fire-fighting equipment" of the International Patent Classification, represent 44.3 %. Domestic individuals were patentees of 31.9 % of inventions, foreign applicants - 8.1 %, Emercom of Russia institutions - 2.3 %. There were (22±3) inventions patented annually. The fire extinguishing substances represent 44.8 % of all inventions, flame retardant and heat retardant coatings and compounds for their production - 24.7 %, construction materials with low fire risk - 19.8 %, methods and devices designed to reduce the fire risk of material production process - 6.3 %, determination of fire risk indicators - 1.9 %, development and improvement of methods for combustion termination - 1. 2 %, others - 1.6 %. Conclusion. In 1994-2016, there has been an increase in the number of granted patents for fire safety inventions in physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination. The inventions analysis allows forecasting further development of physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination science.


Flamenco is a dance tradition that arose from the Spanish gypsies at the end of the eighteenth century. Originally an improvised art form created to express emotions, flamenco today is a popular dance style that can be seen and learned in many countries around the world. The injuries of flamenco dancers are made unique through the percussive nature of the dance steps and through the use of high-heeled shoes. The purpose of this study was to examine the self-reported injuries of professional and student flamenco dancers in order to understand better the impact of high-heeled shoes and rhythmic stamping patterns. Injuries sustained by student flamenco dancers were compared to the injuries sustained by professional flamenco dancers to see how these injuries are linked to training practices. The number of injuries sustained by professional flamenco dancers (30) was greater than the number of injuries sustained by student flamenco dancers (20). Consideration of each injury site was made to see how it is affected by footwear and rehearsal practices.


The terms-of-trade effect on expenditure has been a long-recognized theoretical construct. In this paper, :ve examine the empirical credibility of this effect, using th!e expenditure eqiuations of several targe econometric models in tenms of their formul.ation of re,al versus nominal variables. We find evidence of both positive and negative effects of import pricers on various categories of expenditure. Thus, there is no consensus as to the direction of the terms-of-trade effect..


Current avalanche forecasting practices incorporate large numbers of data sets in many different forms and locations when estimating present and future snowpack conditions. By creating a more holistic approach to forecasting, this visualization prototype combines multiple qualitative and quantitative spatial data sets into a single, clear, more comprehensible representation without losing important information. In addition, a range comparison technique is developed to allow a set of chosen parameters to be compared with historic data in order to determine similar historic analogs. The holistic approach reduces heavy reliance on the forecasters' experience and ability to synthesize large amounts of data. The graphical user interface enables forecasters to see the contribution of each factor and access the data at varying resolutions for additional in-depth analysis to help asses the overall snow stability level. The result is an intuitive software program that allows users to analyze multiple complex data sets through a graphical user interface.


PluronicF-127/PVA polymeric biomaterials blend films plasticized with glycerin were prepared by solvent molding method. The polymer blend films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and mechanical measurements. The FTIR spectra of the two polymers and their blends show that there is no chemical interaction between the PVA and the PluronicF-127. FESEM images indicate that blend homogeneous film can easily be prepared. Mechanical and swelling properties of the studied blends indicate that these can be used for medical application such as biodegradable materials and biodegradable drugs carriers and as food packaging materials.


chemistry gives great importance to metallic complexes obtained from inorganic or organic ligands with an N atom in the molecule. In particular, azomethinic ligands of the type I (F1), which contain a C=Nbond with an sp2-hybridized N atom, have been intensively studied over the last 30 years. The goal of synthetic work in this area has been to produce different kinds of metal complexes starting from the same ligand. Different complexes may arise as a consequence of the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond, a tautomeric equilibrium between ketoenol (thione-thiol) and iminoamine forms, or of the molecular spatial configurations (substitution patterns) summarized in F1. Thus, two broad classes of coordination compounds can be obtained: adducts (molecular complexes) with a conserved ligand system, and chelates with a deprotonated azomethinic group containing intrachelate bonds. Depending on the nature of the metal and anion, as well as the synthetic conditions, either an adduct or a chelate is obtained. In the ligand I systems (F1), it is possible to obtain rings containing six members with an intra-molecular hydrogen bond, which gives the possibility of obtaining the corresponding metal chelates with six membered rings. The chelates of azomethinic derivatives of 2-(N-tosylamino)benzaldehyde (Ia) are not very common (1-7), in contrast to similar ligands of the salicylaldehyde series Ib (8-13) (F1). For this reason, it is interesting to obtain and characterize metal chelates on the basis of this new system, specifically involving the III ligand (LH3) shown in F2. In this paper the direct electrochemical synthesis of the metallic chelates [M3L2]n (M=Co,Cu) or [Zn(LH)]2 from a new ligand system—salicylhydrazone of 2-(Ntosylamino)-benzaldehyde (F2)— is reported, and the products are compared with those synthesized using conventional chemical methods. On the basis of IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and magnetochemistry data, the structures of diand trimeric complexes are also discussed.


This research aims atfinding out map of water quality spreading to predict fishing ground, determine catching region map, test determinant parameter modeling offish catching region, analyzefish product per catching unit (Cp UE) andfish utilization status. Method used in map water quality parameter is interpolation analysis in wide sample data, map surface temperature and chlorophyll from extract satellite image landsat. Area of catching is conducted by modeling with the application of scoring and weighting factors, accuracy test with method of RM SE. Fishery utilization status is gathered with method of holistic approach (production surplus model). Map water salinity at straits Madura is between 27 ppm - 46 ppm, pH rangefrom 8-9, brightness ranges from 0-2 m. Sea level temperature from image landsat in dry season rangesfrom 24,1 OC - 27,3 OC in rainy season between 24,7OC -28,6 OC. Optimum temperature in rainy season lower is compared in dry season. Chlorophyll in dry season between 0 mg/m3 - 19,6 mg/m3, in rainy season between -0,02 mg/m3 - 41,95 mg/m3. Map Fish catching region in season gets region very appropriate at 58,04 %,appropriate region 36,9!1% and region inappropriate 4,96 %.inappropriate region rainy season achieves 94,44 %, appropriate 2,89 % and inappropriate 2,65 %. sea level temperature accuracy test gets RM SE 2,32 and for chlorophyll pregnancy 2,31. Fishery estimation result pelagis gets CpU E 0.10 ton/trip with utilization status in indication of over-fishing in tahun1997 and fishery demersal CpU E 0.03 ton/trip with utilization status becomes surplus catches in lasl three year.


The computer program ASONIKA is developed for design and testing of ther- mal and mechanical stability and reliability of radio-electronics devices. Com- putational grid models implement macroscopic equations for heat transfer and mechanical forces in combination with 3D graphical interface, which allows for the design of complex devices and equipment (set of connected radio-electronic devices). ASONIKA is based on CALS (Continuous Acquisition and Life cycle Support) technology, and consists of series of modules that can exchange data via a common interface. Each module can operate as independent computer program designated for solving the special tasks related to the device design and computing its properties. Each module has its own data base of materials, which can be expanded and modified in a dialogue mode.


In today's world, the centrality of food to health is often taken for granted, as health care practitioners, dieticians, pharmaceutical and industrial food manufacturers, activists, and ordinary consumers alike use foods and food-based products both to treat ailments and to cultivate desirable physical and mental traits. Yet the connections that are presumed to exist between health and food are not, in and of themselves, absolute, natural, or even logical. Nor are these connections necessarily universal or even constant through history. Rather, the mutual intertwining of food and health has always been deeply embedded within cultural ideals about what those qualities and associations should be.1 In turn, those ideals are situated at particular nexuses of political ideologies, economic realities, cultural practices, and historical moments. Consequently, to focus solely on the perceived curative aspects of food is to overlook the fact that, at their core, food-related health systems are intrinsically moral regimes that shape and define social worlds and the subjects who inhabit them. Modern nations and nation-states have long recognized and mobilized the moral capacity of food-related health systems, such as when they set nutritional policies that influence or dictate what their citizens consume. These approaches are perhaps most evident in institutionalized feeding programs for children, soldiers, athletes, and prisoners, but they also appear in more mundane practices such as labeling and advertising, placement of products in shops or markets, and even pricing. At the same time, federal policies and inefficiencies may even prevent—either deliberately Introduction


Version control systems (VCS), including central VCS (CVCS) and distributed VCS (DVCS), are widely adopted to manage the changes to various types of data. Unlike the CVCS where all the entities obtain the data from the server and the access control is enforced with the cooperation of the server, each entity in the DVCS stores the entire repository, obtains the repository shared by any entity and is free to share its own repository. Therefore, existing access control schemes for CVCS are not suitable for DVCS. In this paper, we present a distributed access control scheme (Disac) for DVCS. Disac makes each entity have the whole control on its data, while the access control is enforced at each entity independently. We adopt Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) and Attribute-based Signature (ABS) to achieve the read and write permission control. The analysis of the Git client demonstrates that Disac is easy to be integrated.


The article presents the work that is carried out in the training of its professionals in the field of the festive from the Academic Program of Recreation of Valle University. For this purpose, the program develops at least four tasks. The first task places three experiences from which the reflection is derived (from teaching, the creation of work processes with students and from research). A second task places the festive in the field of recreation as a general social activity and as an educational process (Mesa, 1997). The third task presents some theoretical notions, repertoires and techniques of the History of Recreation Course II in the theoretical, methodological and experiential formation in the festive field. Finally, some reflections and results are presented as a product of the training work in this field.


In Pakistan farmers of irrigated area plough their lands with shallow tillage implements (simple cultivator) due to less energy cost (fuel consumption) than deep tillage implements in addition to non-availability of deep tillage implements. Repetitive use of same implement for tilling the soil creates a hard pan in the subsoil layer. Presence of hard pan leads to poor soil physical properties such as higher soil bulk density and penetration resistance (Raza et al., 2005) consequently leading to lesser crop yield. Subsoil compaction limits the root length of crops due to higher subsoil bulk density (Ishaq et al., 2001) and resulted to reduction in yield (Coelho et al., 2000) due to less absorption of nutrients and water (Motavalli et al., 2003). The most serious cause of subsoil compaction is the continuous cultivation of soil with same tillage implements which affects the soil physical properties (Ahmad et al., 2009) and adversely affect the crop yield (Wasaya et al., 2011). Among various options for managing the remediation of subsoil compaction are crop rotation and subsoiling (Motavalli et al., 2003). Subsoiling improves the NRE (nitrogen recovery efficiency) and greater NRE was observed from plots with subsoiling treatments as compared to compacted plots (Motavalli et al., 2003). Tillage with moldboard plough along with disk harrowing improves wheat root length density and root biomass compared with no-tillage due to more soil penetration resistance in no-till plots in the upper soil layer (Munoz-Romero et al., 2010). Similarly subsoiling improves the crop yield upto 24% compared with other tillage practices (Botta et al., 2006). Yield increment under conventional tillage compared with reduce and zerotillage occurs due to more availability of soil P and K contents in the former tillage system and the others resulted to yield reduction of 11.28% and 6.31% under zero-tillage and reduced tillage respectively (Gangwar et al., 2004). Farmers of irrigated area generally apply nitrogen at crop sowing or with second irrigation in maize which undergoes different losses in the form of volatilization, denitrification and leaching. Reduction of nitrogen losses and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) through higher crops yield is the ultimate goal. To increase NUE, time of N application or split application is a vital component. Pre-plant nitrogen application is subjected to more NO3 leaching compared with side dressing. Application of nitrogen in different splits Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 54(3), 553-560; 2017 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/17.1729 http://www.pakjas.com.pk


The limited frequency resources and the growing demand for high capacity transmission in digital radio systems (DRS) have led to the adoption of multi-level QAM and cochannel operation with cross polarization interference canceler (XPIC). This article describes a powerful multi-task ASIC chip with 165 K gate array for DRS applications. This was implemented on one chip by a state of the art 0.6 /spl mu/m HCMOS technology and designed not only for a complex equalizer and a canceler of up to 256QAM for multipath fading and cochannel operation, but also for a digital filter (DF) for pulse shaping up to 1024QAM or TCM. The superior performance for cochannel DRS with 64QAM is presented by numerical analysis and experimental results.


Transonic flutter characteristics of wings are discussed, especially the transonic dip in the flutter boundary. An. explanation of the phenomenon is given with 2-D wings as examples. A survey is presented of experimental work and prediction methods dealing with transonic flutter characteristics of 3-D wings.


Existing research on outsourcing uses several different theoretical perspectives to study outsourcing, including the resource based view, transaction costs analysis, contingency theory and agency theory. While studying a phenomenon from different viewpoints increases our understanding on the subject, we need a consistent theoretical framework to consolidate the ideas generated in the field, compare and contrast previous results, and build on for future analysis. In this paper, we integrate the concepts of these four theoretical viewpoints into a unified sourcing framework that encompasses both the antecedents to outsourcing as well as the consequences of outsourcing. The antecedents to outsourcing include environmental perceptions and resource perceptions. The consequences of outsourcing include greater environmental fit, higher rents, lower production costs and higher agency costs.


The prolonged exposure to obesogenic diets disrupts the mesocortical dopaminergic input to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This leads to suboptimal dopamine levels in this brain region, which affects cognition and control of food intake. Treatments that restore mesocortical dopaminergic neurotransmission may improve obesity‐associated cognitive dysfunction and modulate food intake to induce weight loss. Given the complexity and multifactorial nature of obesity, combination treatments would likely achieve sizeable and sustained body weight loss and improve obesity‐linked outcomes, such as cognitive dysfunction. Given this background, we hypothesize that concomitant activation of serotonin 5‐HT2C and histamine H1 receptors, coupled with antagonism of histamine H3 receptors, synergistically modulates mesocortical dopamine neurotransmission and ameliorates obesity‐induced cognitive dysfunction. We propose to test the hypothesis in a diet‐induced obesity (DIO) rat model by treating animals with the 5‐HT2C agonist lorcaserin and the H1 agonist and H3 antagonist betahistine. Consistent with our hypothesis, both lorcaserin and betahistine have been shown to reduce body weight in humans with obesity and animals. Both drugs have been demonstrated to improve cognitive functions by influencing dopaminergic signaling in the PFC. The proposed combination treatment addresses the paucity of studies on obesity treatments that improve cognitive function. This research may also help identify a potential targetable mechanism connecting obesity and neurocognitive outcomes.


Strenuous exercise is known to induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of honey, at a dose (1.5 g/kg weight per d) on the MDA and SOD levels of plasma in rats after exhaustive exercise. Male rats (n=48) were divided into four groups, group 1, sedentary with distilled water (Sed -DW n=12), group 2, sedentary control with honey (Sed-H N=12), group 3, exercise trained with distilled water (ET-WD n=12), group 4, exercise trained with honey (ET- H n=12) groups. Four groups were further divided equally into two groups where the rats were studied at rest and immediately after exhaustive exercise. During the training period, groups 2'4 were treated with 1.5 g/kg body weight honey, freshly diluted by distilled water to 50% and the other groups 1'3 were treated with distilled water (1 ml) just before each administration intragastrically tube daily at 8:00 to rats / once daily for 8 weeks. Endurance training consisted of treadmill running 1.5 h day -1 , 5 days a week for 8 weeks, reaching the speed of 2.1 kmh -1 at the fourth week. For acute exhaustive exercise, graded treadmill running was conducted reaching the speed of 2.1 km h -1 at the 95 th min, 10% uphill, and was continued until exhaustion. Erythrocyte


Under the market economy circumstances, the control of the drifting population is no doubt a complicated systematic social project that calls for research into the situation and policies. This article offers opinions based on the study of the situation in Guangzhou.


From the concept,characteristics and indictor system of sports modernization,this paper analyses the theoretic foundation of sports modernization.Then it points out that the theoretic foundation of sports modernization both have rationality and deficiency.Furthermore,it suggests how the theoretic foundation of sports modernization is made up.


The author analyses from a general legal point of view the cases in which the international foreign carriers of goods, loadings, objects, passengers can be liable when committing breaching of customs rules or customs crimes, thus differentiating the forms of liability which might appear in these cases. Moreover, the author determines and separates each form of legal liability in part, through the applicability of the customs legal practice, also by indicating the effective mechanism of applying the legal sanctions to the subjects who have committed breaching of customs rules or customs crimes.


This article analyzes the components of an honest administration and its theoretical and practical values, along with the conditions and restrictions on the construction of such an administration.


This article describes ways in which the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) manages vegetation problems along some 15,000 miles of highway throughout the state. Because mowing along the sides of freeways or highways is very dangerous, Caltrans turned to hardscaping—using inert material such as stamped asphalt, patterned concrete, and rock cobble in areas that are hard to maintain. The author describes rock cobble, rock blanket and rock slope protection. Also described are three types of paving: asphalt concrete pavement, stamped asphalt concrete pavement and patterned concrete pavement. Finally, the author describes the use of fiber weed control mates that prevent weed growth but allow water and air to filter through.


(57) Abstract: The invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a novel protein JMY which has proven coactivator p300 / CBP (SEQ ID NO: 1). The invention also relates, JMY polypeptides, antibodies thereto, as well as, JMY transcription factors (e.g., E2F, ER or TBP) to provide interaction of modulators of cell cycle targeting assays with.


The Nursery Technology Cooperative has been conducting projects to examine forest seedling quality and reforestation success in the Pacific Northwest for more than 20 years. Because of the large wildfires in recent years, there is a growing interest in studying reforestation strategies for optimum restoration following a fire. We have developed 2 "Rapid Response Reforestation" projects to address common reforestation issues in burned areas. Because the number of acres in need of planting cannot be predicted in advance, it is difficult to have adequate seedling stock, especially 2-year-old stocktypes, available. Furthermore, a delay in outplanting may allow competing vegetation to occupy the area, thereby increasing reforestation costs and decreasing early seedling growth and survival. The first project is designed to compare field performance among 1-year-old stocktypes; the second project is designed to investigate the effects of delayed outplanting and vegetation control on subsequent plantation establishment and growth. A review of reforestation issues following wildfire along with details of the study plans are presented.Individual papers from this publication


The metabolic syndrome is a complex combination of interrelated risk factors of metabolic origin that, when occurring together, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Adipocytokines are bioactive mediators released from the adipose tissue including adipocytes and other cells present at the level of fat tissues. These include several novel and highly active molecules released abundantly by adipocytes like leptin, resistin, adiponectin, as well as some more classical cytokines released possibly by inflammatory cells infiltrating fat, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The most abundantly expressed cytokines within the adipose tissue are leptin and adiponectin [1, 3]. Adiponectin, is highly expressed in adipose cells, and circulates in high concentrations in the blood. Decreased serum levels of adiponectin are associated with insulin resistance. The role of adiponectin in systemic inflammation and critical illness is not well defined. The variability in the serum adiponectin levels is partly attributed to various options for modulation of this hormone. Leptin, correlates directly with the mass of adipose tissue and its main function is to control the appetite and exerts its various actions on glucose metabolism and energy expenditure via binding to the leptin-receptor in the brain and peripheral tissues as liver, pancreas, adipose tissue and in the immune system [15]. In this study, we assessed the levels of adiponectin and leptin in lean and obese subjects with associated dislipidemy and diabetes.


A~~~~~t -The peak asymmetry relates to a bias level of i~a~ietor~s~stiv e sensor. However, the peak asymmetry affected by a bias level, but is also inflriemxd by the shape of transfer curve. Measured MR bias lmel and the peak asymmetry are less sensitive to &e bias current variation when the spacer thickness between MR and SAL is reduced. The numerical calculation shows that the magnetization disttibution in MR film becomes more unifom when a thinner spacer is used, indicating stronger magnetostatic coupling occurs between layers. Calculated results of the peak asymmetry and the bias level versus bias cun-ent is found in good agreement with the experimental data: M~et~resistive heads (MR heads) can be used in high areal density magnetic recording systems. In order to obtain higher readback simals, thiclatess reduction of MR, SAL and a spacer films is a "non scheme in the SAL-biased MR head design. The reduction of spacer thickness decreases &e static energy of laminated magnetic filmsfl], in stronger magnetostatic coupling between SAL and MR films. It is assumed that the increase of the ~a~etostatic coupling can cause (1)mo.e uniform ma~etization distribution in h4X fib, (2)an ~p~ove~ent of linearity in transfer curve, (3)less sensitive peak asymmetry against bias curreat variation and bias level, and (4)the increase of read-back output s. In this study, magnetization distributions in MR s were calculated for 100 and 200A thick spacer, e bias levels and the peak asymmetries of the with 100 and 200A thick spacers were co~p~~~ e~p~~~t~~y.


SUMMARY A simple, quick and reproducible method consisting of density-gradient centrifugation of homogenized infected mouse brain tissue on Percoll is described for the isolation and purification of cysts of Isospora (Toxoplasma) gondii. A 100% recovery of cysts, with 74·2% in a single fraction with a specific gravity of 1·056, was obtained by overlaying homogenates of infected mouse brains on a pre-formed Percoll gradient and centrifugation at low g forces. With this procedure recovery was independent of the age of the cysts. Titration of purified cystozoites showed there to be no loss of infectivity.


The essence of pulse laser range measurement technique is to measure the time difference of transmitted pulse and echo pulse.Based on the analysis of the time measurement theory and error of electronic counting process,several data-processing method are provided and demonstrated to optimize the accuracy of pulse laser range measurement.


Objective To observe influence of therapeutic treatment based on Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine integrated approach for sepsis on some serum immunological indices.Methods 49 cases of patients with sepsis,diagnosed as intensive heat in both qi and ying system differentiated according to TCM theories were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group.The treatment group was treated with the integrated program combining Traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment,while the control group was treated with conventional Western medicine treatment.Both groups were treated for 7d,the changes of whose serum immunological indices were observed before and after treatment.Results Compared with the Results before treatment,serum immunological indices of both groups,that is,C3,CRP,TNF-α and IgG were decreased after 7d treatment(P 0.05).Serum IgG,C3,CRP,TNF-α of the treatment group were decreased significantly greater than control group,with statistical significance.Conclusions The level of some serum immunological indices in sepsis can be significantly reduced by using Traditional Chinese and Western medicine integrated program,and excessive immune responses in patients with sepsis can be inhibited,with less body injury and improved prognosis.


Particle size control is vital for effective performance in many aspects of mining and mineral processing and fast feedback of particle size would be the ideal for control and optimisation of many processes. Most online analysis techniques for slurry analysis require extensive sample preparation such as dilution and deaeration and are susceptible to small amounts of contamination which ultimately makes implementation complex and unreliable. The OPUS ultrasonic extinction system from Sympatec monitors the particle size distribution as well as the solid concentration in opaque and highly concentrated ore and mineral slurries on-line in real time e.g. behind mills or cyclones applying 31 ultrasonic frequencies for high resolution. The technique is also highly suited to the analysis of emulsions as may be encountered during solvent extraction processes. Ultrasonic extinction overcomes limitations known from optical and mechanical systems for example, contamination, blockage and wear. OPUS measures slurries in their original state without any dilution, hence no extensive sampling procedure or sample conditioning is required. The sensor covers particle size distributions from 0.01 to 3,000.00 μm and solid concentrations up to 70 % by volume and can be easily adapted to monitor a number of production lines simultaneously. Entrained air is often found in process streams, this is detected as an erroneous signal and dealt with through the use of suitable algorithms, entrained air bubbles do not influence the quality of analysis. INTRODUCTION For efficient processing of ore slurries the particle size distribution behind the milling and cyclone stage is of decisive importance. Slurries with excessively coarse particle size cannot be efficiently pulped mechanically or require extensive and expensive reagents for chemical pulping, flotation processes also require tight control of particle size for optimum performance. In order to avoid over sized particles, an extended grinding time or lower feed rates are applied which requires higher energy consumption per unit and smaller throughputs. Alternatively slurries which are too fine affect the handling of the pulps and increase the effort required for drying. A more efficient process can be obtained by controlling the particle size distribution behind the mill and the additional distribution information allows the design of ideal control parameters rather than relying upon single point measurements such as sieve data. Off-line methods are not suitable for providing the required size information due to the time lag needed to obtain the sample and perform the analysis. On-line instruments on the other hand, are


Mc Hardy FE et al. conducted a study on POST: Aetiology, prevention, and therapy in 1999. Only two patients complained of sore throat following indirect questioning of 129 patients, but 28 patients complained of sore throat after direct questioning of 113 individuals. This disparity may be related to the degree of symptoms. The patient's attention may be drawn to the pain connected with surgery rather than the minor sensations associated with anaesthetic. The goal of this article is to go over the reasons that can induce postoperative throat symptoms like pain, dysphagia, and hoarseness after using tracheal intubation, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), or the oral (Guedel) airway, as well as possible treatments. He found that postoperative throat discomfort symptoms such as painful throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia are prevalent and are connected with laryngeal and pharyngeal damage.


ABSTRACT The present article examines the general debate on curriculum differentiation and individualisation. Based on a policy ethnographic case study of class 9a at Forest School, it critically analyses how curriculum differentiation and individualisation are enacted in and interfere with classroom practice. The results show how Forest School's curriculum model on differentiation and individualisation has created and reproduced a system in which different knowledge is available to different groups of pupils. In practice, owing to this policy, some pupils are categorised as successful, some as adequate and some as failing. The analysis also shows that this practice creates differentiation in relation to school achievement and grades, but foremost that pupils in this class of 9th graders are paying a high price for their schooling, in the form of underachievement and social inequality.


The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling to supply exactly by the user and determining the required heating capacity, and minimizing the energy consumption required to this. In other words, in the heat transport system that provides heating in collective housing such as apartment, local heating heat source, the primary pipe and the primary pump and primary supply ten won consisting of District Heating Manager; Thermostat, the hot water from entering the pipe and the valve, the user side supply ten won consisting of the user side heat source pump for supplying a signal received from the temperature regulator to the valve opening and closing motor, group managers, and residence for the user side to send to the valve; Group the hot water received from the primary heat exchanger, which serves to supply ten won sent to the user side supply ten won; Made of a composition including refers to an apparatus and method for controlling the optimal heat transport. When the heating in an optimal manner as described above or the like group residential facilities, there is an effect that a real-time flow rate control can be possible to reduce energy consumption than the conventional control method for the required amount of heat per generation. Home Network, heat transport, the control device, the control method


Since the founding of our People's Republic,our country economic development strategy has passed through change and adjustment many times;it has brought about significant and profound influence to our country economic overall frame constructing and national economy development.Comprehensively carefully examines our country economic development strategy the evolution path,it has experienced the economic equilibrium development strategy,the economy non-balanced development strategy,the economy non-balanced coordinated development strategy in turn.Analyzes this historical evolution path,it has provided beneficial model and enlightening with our formulation and implementation economic development strategy.


A rare, non-syndromic, uterovaginal malformation characterized by underdevelopment of the uterus, ranging from complete absence to the presence of bilateral rudimentary horns with or without a cavity. Patients usually present with primary amenorrhea, abdominal/pelvic pain and/or infertility.


We report the demonstration of InGaN photonic nanocrystal green micro LEDs. The LEDs exhibits nearly invariant emission peak position and spectral linewidth with injection current. The measured spectral linewidth is ~8 nm. A relatively small efficiency droop is observed.


The invention provides a method and a device for controlling driving of a balance car and a servo control system. The method comprises the steps of acquiring target road surface information between a target road surface area and the balance car on the road surface in a driving direction of the balance car; judging whether the target road surface area contains an uneven area or not according to the target road surface information; controlling the balance car to drive according to original operations if the target road surface area does not contain the uneven area or an intersection set of the uneven area contained in the target road surface area and a driving area of the balance car is a empty set; and controlling the balance car to drive according to preset operations if the intersection of the uneven area and the driving area of the balance car is not an empty set. According to the invention, a purpose of detecting whether the road surface is even or not can be realized through coordinate application of a distance detection device and a controller.


To determine the effect of flooding of Pahokee muck (a drained, cultivated Histosol) on nitrous oxide emissions from the soil, we measured field N2O fluxes and N2O produced in soil samples incubated under controlled laboratory conditions. During the first 5 days of flooding of a field that had previously been cropped to sweet corn (Zea mays L. rugosa), the NO3--N levels declined from 68 to <0.1 microgram nitrogen per cubic centimeter. Similarly, the N2O flux decreased from 174 g N/ha/d prior to flooding to approximately 0 after flooding. Comparing the flux values and the N2O concentrations in the flood water suggested that the flooded field may have acted as a sink for atmospheric N2O. In laboratory-incubated samples of the preflood and flooded soils, the potential denitrification rates increased from 16.2 μg N/cm3/day prior to flooding to 31.2 μg N/cm3/d after flooding. Whereas N2O was the major product of denitrification in soil samples collected prior to flooding, very little N2O accumulated in samples collected from the flooded field. Nitrous oxide was readily reduced in the flooded soil in the presence of NO3--N and NO2--N concentrations of 100 and 3 mg/liter, respectively.


Herein, two photosensitive platinum(II)-based tripods were designed and synthesized. Notably, complex 1 ({[Pt(dien)]3 L}(NO3 )6 , L=tri(4-pyridylphenyl)amine and dien=diethylenetriamine), which mainly accumulated in the cell nucleus, exhibited very low cytotoxicity in the absence of light irradiation, but displayed a remarkable increase in cytotoxicity upon visible light irradiation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the tripod interacted with DNA in the nucleus, induced ROS generation upon light irradiation, and consequently elicited rapid DNA damage response; thereby triggering cancer cell apoptosis.


Embedded system design is one of the most challenging tasks in VLSI CAD because of the vast amount of system parameters to fix and the great variety of constraints to meet. In this paper we focus on the constraint of low energy dissipation, an indispensable peculiarity of embedded mobile computing systems. We present the first comprehensive framework that simultaneously evaluates the tradeoffs of energy dissipations of software and hardware such as caches and main memory. Unlike previous work in low power research which focused only on software or hardware, our framework optimizes system parameters to minimize energy dissipation of the overall system. The trade-off between system performance and energy dissipation is also explored. Experimental results show that our Avalanche framework can drastically reduce system energy dissipation.


Ghost imaging (GI) is one of the recent fascinating and probably counterintuitive topics of quantum optics. Here, we present an alternative classical GI scheme using spectrally ultrabroadband amplified spontaneous emission from an optoelectronic quantum dot based superluminescent diode source. This light source exhibits highly incoherent properties regarding both first- and second-order correlations with a 70 nm-wide optical spectrum as well as thermal-like photon statistics. Exploiting a two-photon-absorption detection method, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a GI experiment handling the corresponding femtosecond correlation timescales. By introducing compact broadband light sources to GI, this work contributes toward practical application of GI.


Moreover, these studies have recently culminated in the synthesis of agents that exert cell and target specific responses. 2 Pateamine A (1) is a structurally novel and potent immunosuppressive natural product isolated fromMycale sp.by Munro and Blunt off the coasts of New Zealand. 3 It uniquely combines a thiazole ring and anE,Z-dienoate within a bis-lactone macrocycle bearing an all-E trienylamine side chain. This novel array of functionality makes pateamine A structurally dissimilar to other known immunosuppressants. As a first step toward elucidating the origins of its cellular effects, we now report a convergent, stereochemically flexible route to pateamine A, 4 wherein a â-lactam ring was strategically implemented to introduce the C3 amino group and to serve as an activated acyl group for macrocyclization. 5 We have previously described the synthesis of the C18-C24 fragment of pateamine A which aided in the determination of the C24 absolute stereochemistry in collaborative studies with Munro and co-workers. 6 Importantly, this assignment in conjunction with molecular modeling, extensive NMR studies, and further chemical derivitization by the New Zealand group provided a tentative stereochemical assignment of ( -)-pateamine A as 3R, 5S, 10S, 24S.7 With this information in hand, we embarked on a total synthesis that has now verified the stereochemical assignment and has enabled the synthesis of derivatives for further biological studies. Several issues guided our retrosynthetic plan (Figure 1). These included the known lability of the C3 amino group, 3 the isomerization-proneE,Z-dienoate, the desire to incorporate and liberate the polar amino groups at a late stage in the synthesis, the flexibility of attaching various side chains to the macrocyclic core structure, and finally the uncertainty of the stereochemical assignment. With this last consideration in mind and due to the distance between stereocenters, we resolved to introduce the four stereocenters by reagent control. In addition, we realized that some inherent flexibility was built into the synthetic plan since the stereochemistry at C10 could be readily retained (acylation) or inverted (Mitsunobu 8) during the joining ofâ-lactam4 and enyne acid5. The end-game strategy would rely upon a â-lactambased macrocyclization to esterify the C24 alcohol and a Stille coupling to append the trienylamine side chain. Concise and efficient syntheses ofâ-lactam 4, enyne acid5,9 and the dienylamino stannane 6 were required at the outset. The dienylamino stannane 6was readily prepared in two steps from enyne alcohol 7 (Scheme 1). 10 A one-pot tosylation and displacement with dimethylamine provided the enyne amine 8.11 Stannylcupration of this alkyne by the method of Oehlschlager gave the desired stannane 6 as a mixture of regioisomers which could be enriched in the desired isomer (9:1). 12


longed influence on mediaeval literature and iconography,27 expounds the Greek tradition very precisely and excludes St. John the Evangelist from the scene of the Deposition :28 Joseph, he tells us, who is one of Christ's disciples, goes to Pilate secretly and begs the body of Christ. When this is granted him, he summons Nicodemus, another disciple, a man learned in the law, and they go together to the spot where Christ was crucified, taking with them implements to remove the nails. The Virgin, seeing him, rises from a swoon, and ministers to her Son as best she can. As one of the two men draws out the nails and the other sustains the body of Christ in his arms, she stands, her arms raised to receive the hand of her Son and draws His head to her breast. She embraces and kisses His dead body in an excess of grief and, when it is laid on the earth, bathes it with her tears, the marks of which may still, it is said, be seen on the stone. Weeping bitterly by the sepulchre, she wishes to be entombed there along with her Son. Now St. John approaches... (etc.) A parallel account of the finale of the Passion drama may be found in the Dialogus B. Mariae et Anselmi de Passione Domini, dating probably from the thirteenth century.29 The narrative of the Virgin grieving over the body of Christ laid in the sepulchre concludes with a closely similar sentence:30s 'Tunc accurens loannis evangelista cecidit super pectus Jesu . . .' The above texts furnish evidence of the approval of this Byzantine tradition by the Latin West, where it was reflected in the writings most accessible to a mediaeval believer, in the literature which was as popular as devotional art. This literature could undoubtedly have inspired Western artists. However, where the influence of Byzantine art is recognizable, the conception of the Deposition without St. John would rather suggest direct dependence on Byzantine models, and it seems that the London plaque is to be accounted for in this way. The role of Western literature appears, in this case, to be limited to explaining the variant of the Byzantine version both to the artist and to his mediaeval public. PAULINA RATKOWSKA 27 E. Reiners-Ernst, Das Freudvolle Vesperbild und die


e18314Background: There is limited real-world information on the utilization of TPO-RAs, eltrombopag (ELT) and romiplostim (ROM), for the treatment of ITP. Methods: The study employed a retrospecti...


At the 1999 Miss India USA pageant, held in San Jose, California, more than six hundred people streamed into the ballroom of the five-star Fairmont Hotel. Billed in the pageant booklet as an event of "great social and cultural value" and as "the most glamorous Indian function in the country,"1 tickets to Miss India USA quickly sold out to a maximum capacity audience. Family and friends of the contestants, local businesspeople, community leaders, and pageant enthusiasts milled around their assigned tables and the cash bar, and the pageant commenced after an hour's delay. Stretching well past midnight, the eighteenth annual Miss India USA pageant was a five-hourlong extravaganza, constituted through appearances by the young female contestants for the crown as well as fashion shows, music and dance performances, a three-course dinner, and seemingly endless speeches by former beauty queens, local civic officials, and Indian American community leaders. Sponsored by the New York – based India Festival Committee, the Miss


Efforts to address intimate partner violence (IPV) in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities often rely on identifying what service providers can do to better reach and serve these populations. However, assessing a community's readiness in response to the issue of IPV in LGBT communities locates the issue where outcry is most likely to occur. Utilizing the Community Readiness Model in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities in two rural and two urban communities, this study revealed a low level of community readiness to address IPV. Only vague awareness of IPV exists in these sexual orientation, gender identity, and geographic communities. The study suggests specific next steps tailored to raise LGBT communities' readiness to address IPV from within their own communities, starting at the current low level.


InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors were grown on GaAs substrates using a high-thermal-conductivity InP metamorphic buffer layer. 200 GHz f/sub max/ were obtained. This f/sub max/ is the highest reported for a metamorphic HBT The breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/ was 6 V and the DC current gain /spl beta/ was 27. The base-collector reverse leakage current was 54 nA at V/sub CB/ = 0.3 V.


In this paper we present an Eclipse plug-in, called COCONUT (COde COmprehension Nurturant Using Traceability), that shows the similarity level between the source code under development and high-level artefacts the source code should be traced onto. Also, the plug-in suggests candidate source code identifiers according to the domain terms contained into the corresponding high-level artefacts. Experiments showed that the plug-in helps to produce source code easier to be understood


The temperature action on a concrete roof is emulated by using FEM package(ANSYS).Boundary conditions and initial conditions for the emulation of temperature field of the concrete roof are set based on some relevant theories of aerograph and heat transfer.Temperature changes caused by solar radiation on concrete roof are discussed and it is helpful to estimate the thermal effects of solar radiation on structures.


The response of four varieties of sesame to the shoot webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel was studied under field conditions at Annamalai University, India during 1991. Infestation of the borer on the branches, leaves and capsules and the larval population achieved a maximum on the variety TSS6 which recorded the lowest yield, while the variety TMV3 recorded highest yield and lower infestation. There was a significant difference among varieties with regard to infestation on branches and leaves but not on capsules. Larval populations and damage levels were highest on profuse branching varieties.


Significance Mutualisms are foundational components of ecosystems and give rise to essential services such as seed dispersal and pollination. Ecologists believe that nearly every species is involved in one or more mutualisms, but it is unknown how consistent behavioral differences among individuals, or personalities, may influence an individual's role. We scored individuals on a continuum from antagonistic to mutualistic given their contributions to the seed dispersal mutualism and found that personalities affect the extent to which individuals are mutualistic. These findings suggest a novel mechanism generating context dependence in mutualisms and underscore the need to incorporate behavioral diversity into conservation and restoration efforts.


A 41dB gain control range 6 th -order band-pass receiver front-end (RFE) using CMOS switched frequency translated impedance (FTI) is presented in a 40 nm CMOS technology. The RFE consists of a frequency tunable RF band-pass filter (BPF), IQ gm cells, and IQ TIAs. The RF BPF has wide gain control range preserving constant filter Q and pass band flatness due to proposed pre-distortion scheme. Also, the RF filter using CMOS switches in FTI blocks shows low clock leakage to signal nodes, and results in low common mode noise and stable operation. The baseband IQ signals are generated by combining baseband Gm cells which receives 8-phase signal outputs down-converted at last stage of FTIs in the RF BPF. The measured results of the RFE show 36.4 dB gain and 6.3 dB NF at maximum gain mode. The pass-band IIP3 and out-band IIP3@20 MHz offset are -10 dBm and +12.6 dBm at maximum gain mode, and +14 dBm and +20.5 dBm at minimum gain mode, respectively. With a 1.2 V power supply, the current consumption of the overall RFE is 40 mA at 500 MHz carrier frequency.


This research has as an object of study identify the representations that young program participants for compliance with alternative measures (Art. 28 of Law 11.343/2006) in Belo Horizonte have on the contemporary phenomenon of the use and abuse of drugs and the incidence of this use in theconstruction of their identity. It proposes among its objectives to identify these young people´s beliefs, opinions and attitudes towards this phenomenon, thus contributing to a better understanding of the youth/drug use/lifestyles interrelations, with the purpose of improving the educational approaches to health.
It brings considerations on the relationship between subject, drug and context, and observes the importance of well understanding the complexity of the issue and avoiding a moralizing ou even pathologicalizing discourse. From this perception, it introduces some of the questions that guide this proposal, such as: What role does drug play in the construction of a young person´s identity? What does it mean to be young today? How is this use connected to the process of identity construction? At what extent can the theoretical-conceptual advancesin Health Education contribute to the elaboration of subsidies that guide the prevention of drug misuse amongst young people?
Among the methodological procedures, it is used inthis work the health qualitative research, through an ethnographic approach using the following procedures: semi-structured interviews, focus groups and field observation.
This work re-states the importance of qualitative studies in order to explicit the interrelations between the way young people in the age range of 18-29 think and act about drug use and abuse, thus contributing to the improvement of the educational and preventive methodologies meant to this public.
Stands out among its results the hegemony of gender variable, with the highest prevalence of public men. Adds other significant data regarding the level of diversity of individual and social vulnerability of the subjectsinvestigated and its co-relation with the drug use. Considers that only from an analysis that takes into account this diversity s that it will be possible to assess the risks involved and seek strategies to better intervention of Health Education.


Grey relational analysis is a kind of effective tool to make system analysis. Grey superiority analysis is a very important step to make relational analysis. Up to now the research about superiority analysis is relatively weak. First the existing basic theory and methods of grey relational analysis and grey superiority analysis are briefly introduced, and their defects are pointed out. Then a new algorithm, that is, the method of ordering with ideal point, to determine the grey relational ordering is presented. Moreover combined with clustering technique, a new concept of grey relational clustered ordering is put forward, and its algorithm is given. It is revealed that grey relational clustered ordering may reflect the difference and similarity of the influences of factors or characteristics, and use limited data information more effectively. The validity of the new methods is verified via an example in practice.