A three-factor central composite rotatable design was adopted for studying the combined effects of flaxseed gum(FG),xanthan gum and soy protein isolate(SPI) on the productivity and textural properties of pork sausages.It was found that addition of FG,xanthan gum or SPI significantly increased the productivity of pork sausages(P0.01) in a concentration-dependent fashion.FG and SPI had significant interactive effects on the productivity and adhesiveness of pork sausages(P0.05).Hardness was significantly increased with increasing SPI addition(P0.05),while increasing addition of xanthan gum or SPI caused in a gradual decrease in springiness,and there was a significant interaction between both additives(P0.05).Cohesiveness showed a highly significant decreasing trend(P0.01) with increasing FG addition but revealed a gradual increase with increasing addition of xanthan gum or SPI;meanwhile,a significant interaction was observed between xanthan gum and SPI(P0.05).Chewiness was not significantly affected by FG,xanthan gum or SPI.


Deep Cervical Abscesses are considered due to the presence of purified material in the spaces and pits of the head and neck, and when associated with complications such as necrotizing descending mediastinitis, they evolved with high mortality rates and hospital costs. In most cases, cervical abscess are caused by odontogenic infections, which can be managed with low cost primary and secondary prevention measures, focusing on primary health care. This report aims to present an effective multidisciplinary approach on a case of necrotizing descending mediastinitis due to deep cervical abscess of odontogenic origin with favorable outcome.


This study examines the relationship between organizational age and organizational change. Both internal and external factors constrain change as organizations age, but predictions about organizational performance in the periods preceding and following change differ by the locus of primary constraint. Specifically focusing on changes in organizational scope (i.e., product diversification), we consider accounts of structural inertia that privilege either internal or external constraints on change and then test their respective predictions using longitudinal data on 8,887 hedge funds raised by 2,781 firms between 1994 and 2005. Empirical analyses demonstrate that the rate of scope change decreases with age. The results are more consistent with the internal account than with the external account of structural inertia: younger organizations outperform older organizations prior to implementing change and, conditional on changing, after implementing change. We conclude that change is increasingly constrained by internal factors as organizations age.


Evaluation of A Proprioceptive Program in A Patient with Cerebellar Ataxia After A Traumatic Brain Injury: Case Report. Abstract Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effect of innovative proprioceptive training in a patient with cerebellar ataxia due to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Materials and methods: A patient 20 years old, male with severe cerebellar ataxia, because of TBI was assessed and trained for proprioception impairment. The proprioception was evaluated during the stabilometric bipodalic test and the static monopodalic test by a mean of the Delos System (Delos, Turin, Italy). Parameters considered for these tests were: The Postural Instability, the Autonomy, and the Stability Index, which is a score (0-100%) based on autonomy and postural instability. Results: Postural Instability improved during the double stance test with open and closed eyes (-0.32°; -0.8°); Autonomy increased during the double stance test with open and closed eyes (+22.3%; +58%). The Stability Index measured during the single stance test also improved from 31.1% to 48.5% with Open Eyes and from 13.5% to 48.1% with closed Eyes. Conclusion: The assessment of postural disorders in patients with cerebellar ataxia due to TBI is of clinical relevance. Results demonstrated that it was possible to improve the integration of the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems in the maintenance of bipodalic stance.


The chaotic growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) generated an unprecedented fragmented landscape, each solution adopting its specific IoT interfaces, data models, protocols, and infrastructure. One of the most prominent countermeasures is the Web of Things (WoT), a joint effort to standardize architecture and interfaces for IoT environments. However, the W3C WoT initiative does not provide methods or guidelines to convert dissonant interfaces to its ecosystem. Hence, integrating third-party applications to the W3C WoT requires custom code, a significant burden for application developers. To bridge this gap, we proposed a technique that converts RESTful web services into Web Things. Consequently, we provide a uniform interface for all actors encompassed in an IoT-based system, enable seamless communication of WoT-based applications with multiple web services, and decouple the RESTful interface from its underlying protocol – i.e., HTTP. We implemented our technique through C3PO, a tool that enables the online conversion of web services to Web Things by both its RESTful API and graphic interface. We evaluate the efficiency and scalability of our solution through a series of experiments performed under realistic workloads. Further, we showcase its usefulness through a use case that depicts a seismograph-based web service utilization connected to a sensor network in a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) scenario based on the MAC4PRO project.


Excerpt It has been established by a number of investigators1, 2, 3, 4, 5that sulfapyridine exercises a bacteriostatic effect upon pneumococci in vitro. Fleming1has shown that the growth of pneumoc...


The paper views the philosophical problem of cognition based on the religious doctrine; the difficulties and problems that prevented a person from his cognition activity from the J. Berkeley's point of view have been defined. The analysis of the reasons of the matter's negation has been carried out; the spirit and the soul are characterized.


This study aims to find out how China's threat narratives are represented in the potrayal of Chinese issues in major Indonesian newspapers. The study found that some elements or themes of the Chinese threat theory are represented in four Indonesian major newspapers namely Republika, Jawa Pos, Jakarta Pos and Kompas. Mainland Chinese workers, infrastructure projects under China, and transnational drug trafficking appeared as the frequent themes of the China threat in these newspapers. However, the four newspapers were divided and took different public attitudes about the Chinese threat narrative. On the one hand, Republika and Jawa Pos tend to take the public side and are more inclined towards echoing Chinese threat narrative. On the other hand, the Jakarta Post and Kompas seem to take a government stance and neutralize the China issues from the threat narrative.


Subjects who did not respond to an invitation to participate in a community‐based randomised controlled trial for childhood obesity in Melbourne, Australia were approached to investigate reasons for non‐participation.


The article is devoted to the problems of transformation of the domestic educational space of the knowledge economy of the digital socio-economic structure considering modern threats and risks. The study purpose is to form and substantiate the author's system paradigm of network multiuniversitates for training personnel in the interests of sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russia and ensuring national security of the country. The authors substantiate the need for an interdisciplinary and practice-oriented transition to a multi-university network organization of universities for the sustainable development of human resources in Russia. The problematic issues that require special attention and urgent resolution in the field of personnel training for the sustainable development of the Arctic region are identified. The conceptual-theoretical and scientific-methodological foundations of the transformation of the domestic educational space in the interests of harmonization of relations between the market and the state, the individual and society are presented. As an object of the field experiment, it is proposed to create an Arctic multiuniversity as a "Polar Bank" of Russia's intellectual capital. If the proposed field experiment is successful, the accumulated experience can be spread throughout Russia as an example of recreating the science cities of the digital knowledge economy. The authors used general and particular methods of unity research in contrast to natural sciences and humanities. The research methodology is based on the key provisions of risk theory, the theory of eco-oriented innovative development, taking into account the ecological imperative of technological development.


Modeling approaches for analyzing the robustness of steel moment-frame and braced frame buildings against column loss are presented, including the nonlinear behavior and failure of the shear and moment connections and the effect of the composite floor slab. For the braced-frame buildings, modeling of the buckling behavior of braces incorporates nonlinear rotational springs representing the out-of-plane behavior of the gusset-plate connections. These approaches are used to analyze the nonlinear system behavior of 10-story prototype steel moment frame and braced frame buildings under column loss scenarios. Analysis results are presented, and the behavior of braced frame and moment frame buildings under column loss is compared.


In Argentina, punitive damages have been regulated by the Consumer Protection Law since 2008. The majority of the legal scholars believe that insurance for punitive damages is barred by the Argentinean Insurance Law. However, the traditional position of the Economic Analysis of Law is that the state should not prohibit this type of insurance. Therefore, this paper examines whether it is appropriate to implement legislative reform in Argentina to allow punitive damage insurance in direct liability situations. After analyzing the potential applicability of the traditional position of the Economic Analysis of Law in the Argentinean reality, in accordance with the requirements for the admission of punitive damages (in particular, that the defendant acted with malice, recklessness or gross negligence), it follows that it is not socially desirable to enact this legislative reform. This conclusion is based on the findings that the insurance of punitive damages in Argentina would: [1] destroy the function of punitive damages (deterrence and punishment); and [2] weaken the social function of insurance liability.


One of the goals of the government-sponsored R&D program is to develop next generation algorithms to discriminate various types of battlefield ordnance in near real-time. Applications that could utilize this capability include early indication and warning of threats, support of battle damage assessment (BDA), level of conflict (LOC) assessment, and intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB). As part of this effort, the authors have previously investigated and reported on the performance of several classification algorithms applied to electro-optical data collected by a ground-based sensor. That study included evaluation of the authors' baseline algorithm OSCAR: Ordnance Statistical Classification And Recognition. This paper discusses enhancements made to the algorithm over the last year and evaluates algorithm performance as applied to data obtained from remote assets when remote assets may be ground-, air- or space-based. This remotely collected data has a larger noise component and higher intra-class variances than the ground-collected data, adding new challenges to the discrimination problem. Enhancements that the authors have made to the algorithm this year include 1) feature-based processing, 2) rejection of feature vectors from unknown classes, 3) addition of a confidence level in each classification result, 4) handling of multispectral data, and 5) handling of multiple input file formats. Enhancements the authors have made to the algorithm development workbench include analysis tools for displaying the feature space, the rotated feature space (via Principal Components Analysis (PCA)), and class boundaries/probability contours. These tools help the developer to understand the algorithm performance in insightful ways and help analyze class separability for various features, reveal why specific sample vectors get misclassified, highlight the normality of the data, identify data outliers, etc. Algorithm performance is evaluated for both broad and fine classes. A broad class is defined as a major weapon category such as tank muzzle flash, artillery muzzle flash, or explosion. Fine classes are defined as sub-classes of a broad weapon type, e.g., 105-mm, 155-mm, and 203-mm artillery muzzle flashes. Results are shown and compared for both profile-based and feature-based approaches. These results show that very good performance is obtained with both profile-based and feature-based discrimination versions of OSCAR for the broad classes and promising initial results are obtained for the fine classes.


Objective To summarize the clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS) with different modalities. Methods 431 patients with HFS received medication, acupuncture, botulinum A toxin injections, and extracranial facial nerve ablation prior to microvascular decompression (MVD) operation in meurosurgery department of Rai Jim Hospital. Results Three cases (of HFS) were found to be due to secondary causes, one of CPA meningioma and two cholesteatomas. Magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA) evaluation helped to discern offending vessels in 273 out of 336 cases with a positive rate of 81.3%, completely consistent with intra-operative findings. The false positive and false negative rates were 8.3% and 10.4% respectively. MVD operation revealed 92% successful rate with no major complications. Recurrence rate was 2.9% after an average of 2. 8 years' follow-up. Conclusions MRTA check-up before operation is necessary to peer into the etiology of hemifacial spasm, which benefits the surgical planning. MVD operation proves to be a reliable and safe treatment of choice for the patients in experienced hands and is adapted to all patients who wish to cure the symptom and can sustain general anesthesia.


Tissue engineering is a well known cross-disciplinary field of regenerative medicine aiming at the replacement, repair or restoration of normal function to diseased organs or tissues by the delivery of safe, effective and consistent therapies composed of living cells, administered either alone or in combination with specially designed materials [1]. After its formation in 2000, the tissue engineering laboratory UKMMC has been awarded as a centre of excellence in research by the Ministry of Higher Education in 2008. The laboratory have focuses on several cell and tissue types such as skin, cartilage and bone have since proven its ability to grow into engineered tissue construct in vitro and in vivo animal model [2-5]. Our first patented product is skin tissue engineering known as MyDermTM, an autologous bilayered human skin substitute with the potential to treat non-healing skin loss such as diabetic ulcers, burns and trauma injuries [5].


The attenuation of compressional and shear waves has been measured in cadmium single crystals at 300°K over the frequency range from 5 Mc/sec to approximately 60 Mc/sec. Above 20 Mc/sec attenuation follows the power law α=Cfn, where α is the attenuation, f is the frequency, n is a constant between one and two, and C a second constant. The results, however, cannot be accounted for by known thermoelastic losses in the case of compressional waves and dislocation damping in the case of shear waves. The phase velocities of all five modes of propagation were determined at 300°K and used to compute the adiabatic elastic constants C11, C12, C33, and C44.


The Lake Tahoe basin on the borders of California and Nevada, USA, has been subjected to two major phases of anthropogenic disturbances to sediment and nutrient transport processes: the construction of roads and timber harvesting in the 1860's and urbanization in the 1950's and 1960's. The Upper Truckee Marsh is located on a delta formed where the basin's two largest drainages (the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek) flow into the southern end of Lake Tahoe. The marsh system – through its sedimentation record provides an integrated record of the geomorphic effects of watershed disturbances. This study determined that sedimentation on the Upper Truckee Marsh is primarily a function of climate and land-use changes, and only secondarily of lacustrine processes. C and Cs dating procedures were used to investigate sedimentation rates on the marsh in the pre-disturbance era (10 yr scale), and in the post-urbanization era (the past 50 yrs). Mass sedimentation rates range from 0.025 to 0.075 g cm yr, and from 0.14 to 1.12 g cm yr for long term and short term (i.e. post-urbanization) periods, respectively. While the midto late-Holocene sedimentation record incorporates significant shifts in climate, the increase in sedimentation rate from 1950 to the present indicates that landuse changes have had an impact on the geomorphology of the Upper Truckee Marsh with increased overbank sedimentation rates. These results suggest that the Upper Truckee Marsh has the potential for future sediment and nutrient retention, which makes the site a good candidate for restoration efforts to reconnect a degraded (incised) channel, the Upper Truckee River, and floodplain systems to reduce impacts to Lake Tahoe's water


Abstract THE introduction of Newcastle disease into this country several years ago, and the rapid spread into almost all states stimulated experiments to test various vaccines as immunizing agents against the disease. There has been no uniform procedure for carrying out the experiments, particularly with reference to the challenge of vaccinated birds. The following experiment was planned to determine the response of vaccinated chickens to a uniform dose of challenge material administered by the 3 different routes which are used most frequently MATERIALS AND METHODS The vaccine used was the hamster-egg vaccine prepared from the 73rd intracerebral hamster passage as described by Reagan et al. (1950). Seven-week-old Rhode Island Red chickens from a Newcastle disease free source were used in the experiment. No neutralizing antibodies against Newcastle disease virus were found in the sera of the birds when examined by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. All birds were banded for identification. The chickens . . .


The Trinidad Carnival, "the greatest show on earth " , as it is called by the people, is held annually during the prelenten season. The festival has undergone m any changes since it was introduced by French planters at the end of the eighteenth century. W ith the partic ipation of the Black population after em ancipation in 1834, African trad itions were adopted by the festivities. Over tim e the carnival's European and African customs have merged into a unique T rinidadian a rt form. The three elements of carnival, the mas, i.e. the m asquerade, the ca lypso, and the steelband are woven into a general network of festive ac tivities which is subdivided into the pre-carnival events and the M onday and Tuesday carnival revelry beginning w ith the Sunday night Dimanche Gras Show. Several weeks before carnival culm inates in the Tuesday pa rade, the great "bacchanal"1 starts off w ith calypso concerts, steelband com petitions and frantic activity in the mas camps where the costumes for the parade and the individual com petitions are prepared. On Tuesday, huge hands parade through the streets of Port of Spain w ith m embers of up to 4,000 people. In the arena of the Queen's P ark Savannah the bands are judged by official judges from the Carnival Development Com m ittee (CDC) for "The Best Band C om petition" and by the people for "The People's Choice" award. Carnival, the "theater of the streets" is an ephemeral celebration. E v ery year the bandleaders design the costumes anew, make up new stories, m usicians write new songs. Past carnivals live only in the m em ory of the people so th a t the festival is an art form th a t is not preserved in a m useum bu t stored in the collective m ind of the community. Derek W al cott has called it "a theater w ithout walls, a museum of the m om ent" , accordingly.2 The function and significance of the carnival im m ediately relates to the society's social and political environment. Broadly speaking, the carnival constitutes a means of communication where people want to bring certain


0 UR earliest records show that cotton raising, and hand-spinning and weaving were carried on in India at least five centuries before the beginning of the Christian era. More than two thousand years ago, in Delphi, the finest of muslins were woven by handweavers from hand-spun yarns. At the present time, thousands of natives still sit cross-legged, as did their ancestors, before the same type of loom, and throw their shuttles by hand, weaving the sheerest of fabrics which the com-


The principles for the design of the switched reluctance generator system based on the software package are presented by taking a three-phase 12/8 structure switched reluctance generator system for example. The design could be done from the systematic point of view, considered the generator, the power converter and the control strategy as a whole. The design procedure is given. The design is checked by the prototype. The accuracy is checked by the experimental measurement of the developed prototype.


The crystal structure of rare-earth modified zirconia and the associated oxygen defects were studied by neutron diffraction. A Rietveld analysis of the neutron powder patterns of heat treated samples of La- and Nd- 10mol%-ZrO{sub 2} revealed the composition of a major tetragonal phase (space group P4{sub 2}/nmc) and a minor cubic phase (space group Fm3m). The sort-range oxygen defects structure was examined by a Fourier-filtering technique. A real-space correlation function, obtained from a Fourier transform of the filtered residual diffuse scattering, showed evidence of static, oxygen-vacancy induced atomic displacements along the and other directions of the pseudocubic cell.


North American and European agricultural futures markets faced significant changes in recent years, i.e., the financialization which originated in the USA, the increase of futures trading in Europe and the recent price turmoils in international commodity markets. We analyse the long- and short-run dynamics between North American and European agricultural futures prices during these institutional changes. The empirical results show that the US markets lead in terms of price transmissions and volatility spillovers. US markets, however, predominantly react to deviations from the long-run equilibrium which indicates a rising impact of European agricultural markets on a global scale.


Power quality issues and their effective mitigation invariably play a crucial role in a microgrid system. Such power quality problems are often resolved by employing multiple power electronics-based components in the utility grid. This paper is focused on the optimal enhancement of power quality under islanded mode of operation in a microgrid, with a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) algorithm using distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). The objective of the research is centered on the reactive power control in DSTATCOM using deep CNN with LSTM for voltage enhancement, minimization of current distortion and reduction of harmonics on a microgrid. This objective can be achieved by the proposed Simulink design model of DSTATCOM intended for improving the power quality in a microgrid. The renewable energy-based power compensator is used for an enhanced and effective control strategy like voltage and current control of the microgrid circuit and uses LSTM-based deep CNN for achieving superior time consumption indicators. Due to varying loads in the microgrid, the reactive power and harmonic voltage and current may be distorted. This problem can be rectified by controlling the microgrid using the LSTM-based deep CNN. This approach consequently reduces the negative-sequence frequency range with the aid of this filtering method in the proposed microgrid circuit. The microgrid is thereafter subjected to different testing conditions and the corresponding simulation results are discussed in relation to existing approaches. The proposed framework was observed to have successfully accomplished harmonic substance and voltage profile enhancement.


Management is a practice that encompasses planning, organization, guidance, control and monitoring of activities in terms of means and ends. This paper presents a management system modelling for Distance Education in programs offered in Brazilian public institutions, using colored Petri nets. Moreover, it is important to mention that management acquires a high degree of complexity due to the fact that in order to deploy and maintain the distance learning courses, a set of processes that integrate and influence each other, aiming to reach pre-defined goals is required. Therefore, in order to achieve this level of complexity, this job involves tasks such as work division, responsibility assignments, setting levels of authority and to establish communication mechanisms. Accordingly, the systemic management system, currently applied to distance learning courses offered by IFCE (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara), comprises five major pillars which are: institutional, educational, technological,


Under certain assumptions of fluid movements and beam vibrations,considering the damping and axial elongation caused by vibration deformations,coupling nonlinear dynamic controlling equations are established for a flexible cantilever opening beam with interior inlay fluid,then the state-space equations and the corresponding linearized perturbation equations are derived.According to the Hopf bifurcation theory,the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobi matrix of perturbation equations and its roots,the algebraic criteria,which the critical velocity must satisfy,are derived.The typical 4th-order Runge-Kutta method is utilized to solve state-space equations.The results show that when the fluid velocity exceeds the critical velocity,the Hopf bifurcation occurs,and the limit cycle appears in the phase-space.In this case,the stability of the beam in the horizontal position is destroyed,the fluttering destabilization happens in this system,and the beam periodically vibrates around the horizontal position.


The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that will induce a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone body production in response to the absence of carbohydrates. Some drawbacks of the ketogenic diet are that it can be difficult to adhere to due to its restrictive nature, and it can also cause some undesirable side effects like gastrointestinal distress and increases in apoB-lipoproteins. In order to maximize the benefit of ketosis and to minimize side effects, supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate may induce a state of temporary ketosis without undesirable side effects. In the present study, 22 healthy male and female adults consumed 12.75 grams of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or maltodextrin placebo twice daily for 90 days. Comprehensive blood safety analysis, body composition, bone densitometry, psychological and immune surveys, and blood pressure were administered at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. There were no significant differences in any measures collected, indicating that exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate had no detrimental impact on fasting blood values such as electrolyte levels, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood count, body composition, bone density, psychological well-being, immune status, or blood pressure. We conclude that supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate is safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults.


A laser‐fluorescence technique was used to measure the V→T,R relaxation of DCl (ν = 1) by DCl, rare gases, and hydrogen isotopes, as well as the V→V relaxation of HCl, DCl, and CO by deuterium halides, first‐row diatomics, and some polyatomic molecules. The dependence of V→V probabilities on energy discrepancy qualitatively indicates the role of rotation in removing excess vibrational energy. Significant differences in the interaction potential between HX and various first‐row diatomics is also suggested. HCl→ 16O2 and 18O2 V→ V relaxation was measured and leads to an estimated probability for the multiquantum process, HCl(ν=1)+ 18O2(ν=0)→ HCl(ν=0)+ 18O2 (ν=2)+Δ E=−30 cm−1.


I was encouraged to read the article by Franey et al 1 about the undoubted value of an international Time Out of Programme Experience (OOPE), particularly in a low or middle income country. In the Severn School of Primary Care (Severn Postgraduate Medical Education) we have been promoting this activity for 5 years, inspired by the Crisp report.2 The many gains3 that accrue have informed our …


In modern ani-theft systems they use frequency and phase modulation. Since the width of the signal is limited, it is possible to intercept the signal and then switch off the alarm at the right time.To ensure the noise immunity and secrecy manufacturers use more sophisticated codes using the methods of cryptography. Significant increase in noise immunity in modern ani-theft systems is possible using broadband signals.


This paper addresses the extent to which the increasing demand for corporate environmentalism has found its way into the institutions of higher business and management education. The study presents results from an empirical study in 4 EU member states which is based on an analysis and findings of several thousand pages of materiel collected from 40 business schools and universities of which 20 were visited and interviewed. The selected sample of business schools has been identified by the assistance of 78 leading European experts in the field of environmental management in order to be able to choose the "right" cases from the leading edge of curricula greening. The paper concludes that there the business management education system in general has lacked critical behind the present management problems and opportunities caused by the increasing environmentalism in society at large.


Ecological glass with non-toxic was fabricated in bismuth-bearing glass using mainly local quartz sands and various concentration of bismuth oxide. The specific gravity (SG), refractive index (RI), thermal expansion coefficient (CoE) and hardness (HV) were determined. It was found that the values of SG, RI and HV were increased linearly as the increasing of bismuth oxide, whiles that of CoE was decreased. This glass is environmentally friendly materials.


We propose a new method for content-based image retrieval which builds the randomized trees with a set of sub-windows ran domly extracted from a sample of images.Firstly,this algorithm extracted a number of variable size sub-windows as a set of features from an image.Then several randomized trees are built on these features,and we can obtain the similarities between images by computing the number of the sub-windows falling in a same leaf.Output the class containing sample image,namely get the retrieval results.


dustry are minimal, and such tensions as do arise occur in no greater or less degree than they would amongst a heterogeneous group of workers anywhere." Relations with English neighbours were less satisfactory. About a third of the sample of immigrants interviewed appeared to have problems in this respect which were comparatively serious and only 55% were considered to have no problems in their relations with English neighbours at all. The research carried out by Professor John Rex and Mr. Robert Moore in Sparkbrook throws further light on questions of housing and social relations. Sparkbrook is an old working-class area of Birmingham that has become an "area of transition." The authors see the problem created by a large-scale immigration from Ireland, West Indies and from India and Pakistan as mainly a conflict over the shortage of suitable housing: In this respect they underestimate the importance of race prejudice which made hostility towards coloured immigrants much more evident than towards the Irish. Unfortunately, the survey was conducted with an unsatisfactory sample that was biased in its composition and had a high non-response rate. As a result, the statistics in this volume are of little value. Of greater interest are the case studies and the descriptive material derived from participant observation in the community. A chapter by Mrs. Jennifer Williams which deals with the younger generation is of special interest. It focusses attention upon a problem that will increasingly preoccupy those in Britain concerned with the social integration of immigrants and their children. The effects of colour prejudice may be to block the mobility and aspirations of the second generation. Mrs. Williams predicts that "very sharp tensions will be generated if the pattern of social mobility followed by the status-aspiring Irish, Poles, etc. is forbidden to the coloured second generation. Fears have been expressed that the second generation will be allowed to enter only the narrow range of jobs now pursued by the adult immigrant." Such a view contradicts the general thesis expressed elsewhere in the book by Professor Rex which suggests that the conflict in Sparkbrook would largely disappear if the housing problem could be solved. This is an altogether too complacent view of the immigration question in Britain which is also a problem of race and colour prejudice.


At the x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facility, SACLA, a soft x-ray FEL beamline is driven by a dedicated 800MeV electron accelerator (SCSS+) and being operated in parallel with two hard x-ray FEL beamlines. Responding to the demands of short laser pulses from users, a nonlinearity correction system using sextupole magnets is proposed to obtain shorter electron bunches. Since the frequency of the SCSS+ injector linac is S-band, the nonlinearity correction of a bunch compression process using a harmonic correction cavity is not so efficient as the SACLA injector [1], whose frequency of the linac is Lband. Instead of a complex and costly correction cavity system, the sextupole magnets are simply installed in a dispersive section of the first bunch compressor chicane. In this paper, we report the basic design concept and some detail studies of the nonlinear correction. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) are indispensable tools for various science fields, e.g., fundamental physics, atomic, molecular, and optical physics, chemistry, biology, and material science. In the SPring-8 site, the SCSS test accelerator that generated extreme-ultraviolet FEL lights was constructed as a prototype machine for the x-ray FEL facility, SACLA, in 2005 [2]. This accelerator was relocated in the SACLA undulator hall and upgraded to generate soft x-ray FEL lights in the wavelength range from 8 nm to 60 nm [3]. This upgraded accelerator was named as SCSS+. The electron charge of 0.3 nC is accelerated to 800 MeV (max.) at a repetition rate of 60 Hz (max.). The SCSS+ has two bunch compressor (BC) chicane: one is located at the injector exit to compress the bunch from a few ps to 1 ps at 50 MeV, and the other at the middle of the C-band main linac to compress it to a final state of sub-ps at 500 MeV. Since the injector does not have a harmonic rf cavity that corrects the nonlinear energy chirp, the final bunch length and peak current are restricted to 0.5 ps and 300 A respectively. Although the FEL pulse energy of 100 μJ with a pulse width of ≤100 fs at a photon energy of 100 eV is obtained at the moment, higher peak power and shorter pulse width are demanded from experimental users. Since the SCSS+ injector uses an S-band linac to accelerate the bunch and to provide an energy chirp to it, an Xband correction cavity is needed to linearize the energy chirp effectively. X-band rf technologies are already established, however, it is a hard task to introduce one more frequency to the accelerator system, and the cost is not inex pensive. Therefore, we proposed the nonlinear correction using sextupole magnets at the bunch compressor chicane, as shown in Figure 1. Since the head and tail energies of the bunch are lower than that of the linear component due to the rf nonlinearity, these parts travel long distance in the chicane and delay at the BC exit, then the bunch is over-compressed, if without correction. The sextupole magnets located in the dispersive section kick the head and tail to the same direction and they travel along short cut courses, then the bunch is linearized if the magnets are properly tuned. Figure 1: Concept of the nonlinear energy chirp correction using sextupole magnets. In this paper, we report the design study of the nonlinear energy chirp correction using sextupole magnets at the soft x-ray FEL beamline of SACLA. BASIC THEORY The transformation of longitudinal coordinate via a BC chicane is expressed as z z̅ T z̅ o z z̅ αz , (1) where z and z̅ are longitudinal positions at the BC exit and entrance, C is a linear compression factor, R and T are 1stand 2ndorder momentum compaction factors, E is an energy of a reference particle, E and E are 1stand 2ndderivatives of E with z, respectively [4]. In the condition of α 0, the bunch size is reduced uniformly without over bunching at any compression rate. Since the T of a standard chicane using rectangular magnets is approximated to be -3R /2, positive E is required to satisfy this condition, which is accomplished using a higher harmonic rf cavity. Another solution is controlling T independently of R to be negative by perturbate the path length using four sextupole magnets. By a perturbative calculation, the T can be expressed as ____________________________________________ † email address firstname.lastname@example.com 10th Int. Partile Accelerator Conf. IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-208-0 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-TUPRB042


Tibetan ancient literature is an important literature material for the study of ancient Tibetan culture, history and language, which has important academic value for the study of the development of Sino Tibetan language family. However, the lack of research on ancient Tibetan word segmentation seriously restricts the research of ancient Tibetan literature. In view of this situation, this paper utilizes ancient Tibetan interlaced contrast tagging data to extract the ancient Tibetan word segmentation data set. Based on this dataset, this paper conduct the research on dictionary based word segmentation, statistics based word segmentation and deep learning based ancient Tibetan word segmentation. Experimental results show that BiLSTM + CRF word segmentation algorithm can achieve the best performance by a single model, and the effect of ancient Tibetan word segmentation can be further improved through model ensemble. And the results show that the unknown words, insufficient training data and word ambiguity also restrict the performance of ancient Tibetan word segmentation.


38 patients with recurrent cardiotopic rhythm, treated by permanent "on demand" pacemaker, were investigated. 15 patients (group A) were observed for 14 days of pacing, 23 (group B) were observed from 7 to 68 months of pacing. Further, 17 persons were investigated--in 12 of them the endocardial electrode USCI had been placed in the right ventricle and left there for 24 hours. 10 persons were paced by endocardial bipolar USCI electrode from external pacemaker, the other two by unipolar electrode from permanent "on demand" pacemaker. In paced patients a negative deep T inversion and ST depression were observed. In persons paced for 24 hours the ST-T changes disappeared at the earliest 48 hours after pacing was stopped. Changes in repolarization caused by artificial depolarization should be taken into account when in patients with ventricular pacing and cardiotopic rhythm subendocardial infarction is suspected.


Based on the fourlevel structural sequences of electric goods production,the application of ANSYS software to the design of electric goods is roughly summarized,with actual examples proposed.


The Tyrrhenian Sea in the central Mediterranean Sea was form by Neogene slab roll-back of the retreating Ionian slab about 6 to 2 Myr ago. Yet, little is known about the structure of its southern margin off Sicily as well as back-arc extension and spreading in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea to the north of Sicily. The Sicilian margin is generally classified as a passive margin bounding a young back-arc basin. However, focal mechanisms from regional earthquakes suggest that the margins suffers presently from compressional tectonics. New seismic refraction and wide-angle data were collected along seismic profile WAS4 during the CHIANTI survey of the Spanish research vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2015. The profile runs from the centre of the Tyrrhenian Sea – the Vavilov Basin – across the margin of Sicily, approaching the Gulf of Castellammare to the northwest of Sicily. Reanalyzed multi-channel seismic data supports compressional tectonics across a small basin paralleling the coastline of Sicily, revealing recent inversion of the Tyrrhenian Basin. Offshore of Sicily WAS4 indicates a roughly 120-140 km wide domain showing seismic P-wave velocities characteristic for continental crust (Vp ~4-6.7 km/s) and a base of crust defined by a wide-angle Moho reflection. Continental crust reaches a maximum thickness of 22 km to the north of the Gulf of Castellammare and is thinning to ~9 km to the north of the Ustica Ridge. The compressional belt occurs in continental crust to the south of Ustica Ridge. In the Vavilov Basin, a lithosphere was sample where seismic P-wave velocity increases from approx. 3-4 km/s to 7.5 km/s. This velocity depth-distribution clearly shows profound similarities to serpentinized mantle and hence un-roofed mantle. Thus, seismic constrains support results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) hole 651A, which sample serpentinized peridotites in the Vavilov Basin. The transition between serpentinized mantle and continental crust is rather abrupt. Thus, within a ~10 km wide transitional domain, continental crust with a thickness of~ 9 km is juxtaposed against un-roofed mantle. All available data from the Tyrrhenian Sea support wide-spread mantle exhumation in the Vavilov Basin. Therefore, the Tyrrhenian Sea provides a rather different structure when compared to marginal basins in the Western Pacific and hence may not have supported a mid-ocean ridge-type spreading system opening the basin.


This paper describes the use of non-linear attractor dynamics to generate trajectories free of collisions for an autonomous vehicle moving in 3D. Computer simulations are used to test the behaviour and stability of the airship motion during the task of flying toward a target destination while simultaneously avoiding collisions with (static or moving) obstacles. Results indicate that if parameter values are chosen within reasonable ranges, then the flight controller works quite well even when subject to disturbances along the generated flight path.


Motor current signature analysis (CSA) has been used for several years as a diagnostic tool for electrical problems in ac, induction motors. Personnel at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have found that CSA can also provide information about system vibrations and imbalances similar to the information provided by an accelerometer. As a result, CSA techniques for monitoring the status of the equipment, such as pumps and compressors, driven by induction motors have been developed and used in dedicated monitoring systems. In this work, researchers have found that CSA responds proportionately to imbalances in rotating equipment and can be used to detect the In high-vibration conditions that can result. This report describes how vibration monitoring with CSA can be implemented and presents test data to support that use.


In the latest studies concerning the sentiment polarity of words, the authors mostly consider the positive and negative constructions, without paying too much attention to the neutral words, which can have, in fact, significant sentiment degrees.


Abstract Available data from our and other laboratories on the presence and biological functions of cytokine‐ and growth factor‐like molecules in invertebrates are reviewed. It appears that IL‐1α‐, IL‐1s‐, IL‐2‐, IL‐6‐, TNF‐α‐like molecules and haemokinin are present in several cell types from molluscs, insects, annelids, echinodems and tunicates. In most cases, these molecules are present in cells with phagocytic activity and they modulate cell motility. PDGF‐, TGF‐s‐, EGF‐ and NGF‐like molecules, growth promoting factors and the hemolymph trophic factor are present in several cell types from molluscs, insects and annelids. These molecules are probably involved in the control of cell proliferation. Both cytokines and growth factors appear to be highly ancestral and biologically very important molecules, as evident from their continuous presence from invertebrates to vertebrates. It also appears that cytokines are functionally conserved molecules, which during evolution have also maintained their pleiotro...


Abstract
The study aimed at describing the view of students in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta concerning the quality of English textbook "English in Focus" according to Greene & Petty's criteria of good English texbook. The type of this study is qualitative research. Subject of this study was two Eighth grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. The data were collected through interview with two students of eightgrade of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. The results showed that the students mostly agreed that the book has fullfilled the criteria of good English textbook according to Greene & Petty. However, one of students perceived "English in Focus" textbook has not yet appreciated the personal differences of the user since he still feel difficult to understand the content of the textbook without teacher explanation.
Keywords: quality of textbook, students perception.


This paper shows the results of a periodical monitoring of the contamination plume of a controlled landfill in Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, using electrical resistivity geophysical method. The monitoring consisted on comparing the results of several electrical sections, performed at the same location, in the years of 1999 and 2008. Low resistivity zones, with values lower than or equal to 50 Ω.m, have been associated to contamination by leachate. Thus, it was possible to identify two directions for the contamination flows: (1) toward south, and (2) toward west. In the results of 2008, the contamination plume was more extensive and profound than in 1999. The vertical electrical soundings indicated the water table depth and the water flow directions, helping the interpretation of results of the electrical profiles.


We introduce the first open-domain dataset, called QuaRTz, for reasoning about textual qualitative relationships. QuaRTz contains general qualitative statements, e.g., "A sunscreen with a higher SPF protects the skin longer.", twinned with 3864 crowdsourced situated questions, e.g., "Billy is wearing sunscreen with a lower SPF than Lucy. Who will be best protected from the sun?", plus annotations of the properties being compared. Unlike previous datasets, the general knowledge is textual and not tied to a fixed set of relationships, and tests a system's ability to comprehend and apply textual qualitative knowledge in a novel setting. We find state-of-the-art results are substantially (20%) below human performance, presenting an open challenge to the NLP community.


A theory of the electronic structure of disordered substitutional alloys is presented, which takes into account fluctuations in the alloy potential. The theory, which is formulated within a tight-binding framework, does not involve expansions in the concentration of one alloy component and hence is not restricted to dilute alloys. An expression is derived for the width in the spectral density of states which arises because of the fluctuations


In order to evaluate the spectra of solar radio bursts in the microwave-millimeterwave transition region, the multifrequency burst data of Berne observatory have been used. The bursts give spectral nature which resemble inverted-U (IU), increasing (I), decreasing (D), U and Zigzag types. The spectral peak of these spectra occur at 11.8 GHz in most of the cases. The directivity and optical thickness of the absorbing layer above the source of bursts are determined. The results are discussed in light ofthe different emission and absorption mechanisms responsible for the generation of radio bursts.


Editing individual records in Voyager is easy and convenient, but repetitive processes can be slow and tedious without automation. Voyager's built -in features such as Pick and Scan, and Global Data Change are great, especially when combined with external macro programs to drive the interface in a simple repetitive fashion, or with external programs directly querying Voyager's Oracle database. In this presentation, I will describe some of these techniques and share my web site of open source code for extending Voyager.


5Methane-air Hencken flames at sub-atmospheric pressure were investigated through detailed experiments and simulations to better define the behavior of flames in the weakly stretched regime. The extrapolation to zero-stretch was determined using references of the minimum velocity and 1% temperature rise. The steady, laminar, nearly one-dimensional, minimally curved, and nearly adiabatic premixed flames in the weakly stretched regime allowed for measurements of minimum velocities and the associated axial stretch rates. The results agreed well with two-dimensional simulations regarding the non-linear extrapolation at low stretch rates, as well as providing the validation necessary to use the 1% temperature rise as a reference in the simulations. A non-linear trend using the 1% temperature rise reference was found to be in contrast to the linear trend that was predicted.


We report on a numerical study intended to examine the possibility that magnetic oscillations persist in type-II superconductors beyond the point where the pairing self-energy exceeds the normal state Landau level separation. Our work is based on the self-consistent numerical solution for model superconductors of the Bogoliubov{endash}de Gennes equations for the vortex lattice state. In the regime where the pairing self-energy is smaller than the cyclotron energy, magnetic oscillations resulting from Landau level quantization are suppressed by the broadening of quasiparticle Landau levels due to the nonuniform order parameter of the vortex lattice state and by splittings of the quasiparticle bands. Plausible arguments that the latter effect can lead to a sign change of the fundamental harmonic of the magnetic oscillations when the pairing self-energy is comparable to the cyclotron energy are shown to be flawed. Our calculations indicate that magnetic oscillations are strongly suppressed once the pairing self-energy exceeds the Landau level separation. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


In this paper, we study the problem of secret communication over a Multiple Access Wire-tap Channel with Common Message. In this channel, we assume that two transmitters have confidential messages which must be kept secret from the eavesdropper (receiver 2), and both of them have a common message which can be decoded by two receivers. For this setting, in the discrete memoryless case we derive general inner and outer bounds on the secrecy capacity region. Also, we derive inner and outer bounds on the secrecy capacity region for the Gaussian case. Providing numerical examples for the Gaussian case, we illustrate the comparison between derived achievable rate regions, outer bounds and the capacity region of compound multiple access channel.


Species diversity is a measure of the complexity of community structure and function,and the spatial distribution pattern of species diversity is affected by many environmental factors.In this paper,the relationships between species diversity and community type,habitat and community structure of forests in the Songshan National Nature Reserve were analyzed by diversity indices and multi-layer perceptron network.The dataset included 68 quadrats,291 species,and 6 environmental variables(elevation,slope,aspect,litter layer thickness,soil depth,and soil solidity).The results showed that species richness,species diversity and evenness values of Ulmus macrocarpa + Populus davidiana mixed forest and Pinus tabulaeformis+ Populus cathayana mixed forest were higher,but these values of Ulmus macrocarpa forest and Larix principis-rupprechtii forest were lower.The Patrick and Shannon-Weiner indices varied in order of herb layer shrub layer tree layer;the Pielou value of Ulmus pumila forest varied in order of herb layer tree layer shrub layer,and other community types varied in order of shrub layer herb layer tree layer. Species diversity of functional layers changed differently along elevational gradient.In tree layer,the species richness,diversity and evenness decreased with increasing elevation.In shrub layer,the species richness,diversity and evenness were significantly peaked at the intermediate elevation.In herb layer,the species richness and diversity decreased with increasing elevation,but the evenness value changed little. Applying multi-perceptron network to predict the diversity of functional layers,we found that aspect affected species diversity of tree and shrub layers greatly,but elevation affected species diversity greatly in herb layer.


Purpose: To systematically review the current literature and meta-analyze the effects of dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle.Method: A literature search of three databases was conducted in June 2021, with 19 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies were included if a placebo versus dietary NO3--only supplementation protocol was used in healthy human, assessed muscle contraction or activities that was < 3 minutes in duration and focused on the lower-body. For the meta-analysis, a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was determined for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) (n = 11), cycling, running and inertial load squad peak power output (PPO) (n = 8), mean power output (MPO) (n = 6) and time to PPO (n = 4).Results: NO3- supplementation demonstrated a small improvement in PPO (SMD = 0.25, P = 0.030) and MPO (SMD = 0.28, P = 0.034) when compared to the placebo. NO3- also resulted in an enhanced time to PPO (SMD = -0.78, P < 0.001). There was no clear effect of NO3- on isometric MVC (SMD = 0.03, P = 0.758).Conclusion: This review reports that NO3- supplementation may have potential to enhance PPO, MPO and time to PPO during dynamic exercise, which may transfer to brief explosive actions commonly observed in sporting activities. Due to the variability in studies, we encourage researchers to use this work to explore areas where evidence in lacking and standardize the study design and procedures.Key teaching pointsFindings from this meta-analysis highlight the potential positive ergogenic effect of dietary NO3-supplementation on PPO, MPO and time to PPO during short duration (<10 s) dynamic exercise.NO3- supplementation might be considered as an ergogenic aid when executing power-based actions (e.g., 100 m sprinter or weightlifter).This review highlights that further research is required to address some of the contrasting findings presented here using a standardised procedure to allow for improved synthesis.


For melodic theme retrieval there is a fundamental tradeoff between retrieval performance and retrieval speed. Melodic representations of large dimension yield the best retrieval performance, but at high computational cost, and vice versa. In the present work we explore the use of iterative deepening to achieve robust retrieval performance, but without the accompanying computational burden. In particular, we propose the use of a smooth pitch contour that facilitates query and target representations of variable length. We implement an iterative query-by-humming system that yields a dramatic increase in speed, without degrading performance compared to contemporary retrieval systems. Furthermore, we expand the conventional iterative framework to retain the alignment paths found in each iteration. These alignment paths are used to adapt the alignment window of subsequent iterations, further expediting retrieval without degrading performance.


34 Climate change (CC) is likely to affect the thousands of bar-built or barrier estuaries (here referred 35 to as Small tidal inlets STIs) around the world. Any such CC impacts on the stability of STIs, 36 which governs the dynamics of STIs as well as that of the inlet-adjacent coastline, can result in 37 significant socio-economic consequences due to the heavy human utilisation of these systems and 38 their surrounds. This article demonstrates the application of a process based snap-shot modelling 39 approach, using the coastal morphodynamic model Delft3D, to 3 case study sites representing the 3 40 main STI types; Permanently open, locationally stable inlets (Type 1), Permanently open, 41 alongshore migrating inlets (Type 2) and Seasonally/Intermittently open, locationally stable inlets 42 (Type 3). The 3 case study sites (Negombo lagoon – Type 1, Kalutara lagoon – Type 2, and Maha 43 Oya river – Type 3) are all located along the southwest coast of Sri Lanka. 44 45 After successful hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model validation at the 3 case study sites, CC 46 impact assessment are undertaken for a high end greenhouse gas emission scenario. Future CC 47 modified wave and riverflow conditions are derived from a regional scale application of spectral 48 wave models (WaveWatch III and SWAN) and catchment scale applications of a hydrologic model 49 (CLSM) respectively, both of which are forced with IPCC Global Climate Model output 50 dynamically downscaled to ~ 50 km resolution over the study area with the stretched grid 51 Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model CCAM. Results show that while all 3 case study STIs will 52 experience significant CC driven variations in their level of stability, none of them will change 53 Type by the year 2100. Specifically, the level of stability of the Type 1 inlet will decrease from 54 'Good' to 'Fair to poor' by 2100, while the level of (locational) stability of the Type 2 inlet will also 55 decrease with a doubling of the annual migration distance. Conversely, the stability of the Type 3 56 inlet will increase, with the time till inlet closure increasing by ~75%. The main contributor to the 57 overall CC effect on the stability of all 3 STIs is CC driven variations in wave conditions and 58 resulting changes in longshore sediment transport, not Sea level rise as commonly believed. 59


Solution-phase nanoparticles are widely used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) but provide limited quantitative information because of their dynamic optical properties. To overcome this problem, silica membrane stabilized solution-phase nanoparticles composed of silver cores and gold shells (Ag@Au@SiO2) are synthesized, characterized, and used for predictable and quantitative detection of 4-aminothiophenol using SERS. Two key parameters including local effective refractive index and void volume near the metal cores are correlated to SERS activity. First, the effective local refractive index and void volumes formed near the metal surface are characterized using the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ag@Au nanoparticles and semi-empirical dielectric modeling for the porous silica membrane. The characteristic electromagnetic field decay length is estimated at 11 nm while both linear and nonlinear refractive index sensitivities are found to be 170 and 360 nm/RIU, respectively. The internally etched silica membrane stabilized Ag@Au@SiO2 nanoparticles can be engineered to exhibit effective local refractive indices ranging from 1.366 to 1.458. Second, SERS signals associated with these nanomaterials and 4-aminothiophenol are shown to indirectly depend on the effective local refractive index, which directly correlates to increasing void volume in the silica near the metal particle. This effect is attributed to well-controlled molecule-accessible volumes near the metal surface where the local electric field strength is largest. Finally, small variations in the effective refractive index (±0.01), nanoparticle concentration, and nanoparticle to molecule concentrations influence the magnitude of the SERS signal. As such, these findings are expected to improve the design and surface modification of solution-phase SERS-active substrates for quantitative and reproducible SERS detection.


In this paper, the analyses of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of crankshaft bearings considering the deformation of the whole cylinder block and crankshaft under load were carried out for the crankshaft bearing system of a four-stroke four-cylinder internal combustion engine. The lubrication of crankshaft bearing was analyzed by dynamic method. The deformation of bearing surface under pressure of oil film was calculated by compliance matrix method. The results show that when the crankshaft deformation under load is considered, compared with the results of not considering the deformation of cylinder block, the maximum film pressure decreases, the minimum film thickness increases, and the end leakage flow-rate and frictional coefficient of journal surface change little in an engine working cycle when considering the deformation of cylinder block. The models of the whole cylinder block and the single main bearing housing were used, respectively, to calculate the deformation of main bearing surface in the analyses. The results show that the calculation accuracy of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication analyses of crankshaft main bearings can be met basically by applying the simple model based on the single main bearing housing to calculate the elastic deformation of main bearing surface.


Zinc - aluminium alloys are widely used in many industries because of their excellent integrated performance such as strength, impact toughness, dimension stability and grain - boundary corrosion resistance. The coarse grains in zinc - aluminium alloys can be refined by adding rare - earth. Consequently, according to hall -petch formula, the properties of the alloys are improved so that the application range of the alloys will be extended and can be used as a substituent of brass, bronze and leaded babbitts in some cases.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between internal marketing practices, employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in the foodservice industry. Design/methodology/approach – The target population was employees who were currently working at a restaurant in the USA. All respondents were recruited from different states for the generalization of the study results. A confirmatory factor analysis validated the measurement model, and subsequently, structural equation modeling tested the proposed model. Findings – Three internal marketing practices – vision, development and rewards – were good indicators for predicting employee job satisfaction, and two internal marketing practices – development and rewards – in addition to job satisfaction were significant predictors for employee organizational commitment. Finally, the findings indicated that job satisfaction and affective commitment had a significant impact on lowering employee turnover inte...


Chemotactic singularity formation in the context of the Patlak-Keller-Segel equation is an extensively studied phenomenon. In recent years, it has been shown that the presence of fluid advection can arrest the singularity formation given that the fluid flow possesses mixing or diffusion enhancing properties and its amplitude is sufficiently strong - this effect is conjectured to hold for more general classes of nonlinear PDEs. In this paper, we consider the Patlak-Keller-Segel equation coupled with a fluid flow that obeys Darcy's law for incompressible porous media via buoyancy force. We prove that in contrast with passive advection, this active fluid coupling is capable of suppressing singularity formation at arbitrary small coupling strength: namely, the system always has globally regular solutions.


A method of deriving creep properties by three-point bending creep tests is described.Based on this method,the three-point bending creep tests of 23CrMoNiWV88 steel operated at constant loads and temperature(540 ℃) are simulated by finite element method.The variation of central deflection and stress with time are analyzed.The numerical results show that it is feasible to obtain creep parameters from the small bending specimen.Furthermore,the relationship between the three-point bending and uniaxial creep tests is conducted and creep constants are derived.The results show that the creep constants estimated from three-point bending creep tests agree well with those theoretical values,and the analytical formula are modified according to the numerical results.Meanwhile,the necessities to study experiments further are also analyzed.


This paper proposes a heterogeneous system platform to speed up the implementation and verification of innovative design for integrating microphone array application. Comparing to state-of-the-art prototyping systems, the proposed platform named MorPACK (morphing package) achieves modularity and flexibility by adopting three concepts: substrate-level modularization, three-dimensional (3D) module stack, and components reuse. In addition, we also provide the MorPACK platform which helps designers to concentrate their efforts on their own functional module(s), and easily reuse existing modules like playing bricks, which greatly reduce the development cycle of an embedded system. The implementation results show that there are 79.13% fabrication cost reduced by the MorPACK common platform in TSMC 90nm CMOS. Besides, around 60% performance improvement of operation frequency can be benefited. We adopt the microphone array cooperated with MorPACK to enhance the design flow arrangement. Furthermore, this application can be used as a reference design for distinct applications.


The sector of natural products for medicinal, cosmetic and nutritional use has aroused great interest in consumers because it is considered a less aggressive alternative than chemical medicines, since they are based on medicinal plants and are oriented to health, well-being and food; In Colombia, the issue may have a high development potential due to the enormous biodiversity and the growing dynamics of the world market in this type of substances. The sector has innumerable challenges such as uncertainty regarding the legal framework for the production and use of these products, greater scientific and research development around the properties of plants and the absence of state policies to sufficiently promote research processes in Bioeconomics, in addition, many informal products and stores do not have the required requirements and may constitute a risk to public health, for the study we pose the following research question: Know the current state of the natural products sector, through the methodology of sectorial design will allow to properly establish the favorable, unfavorable and development conditions of it? The objective is to determine the opportunities and challenges of the natural products sector in the country; including the review of advances in the bioeconomy sector, through a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study based on the sectoral analysis methodology, with the review of political, economic, sociocultural, technological environmental and legal factors. As results it is expected to strengthen research and knowledge of the sector, contributing to its expansion and development; allowing those involved an adequate reading of the environment to potentiate productive and investment decisions.


The continuous renewal and improvement of infrastructure within Europe are widely regarded as a very necessary part of any regional development strategy, particularly in regions which are economically and geographically peripheral to the core industrialised regions. This paper is a review of some of the problems associated with modelling the relationship between improvements in infrastructure and regional economic growth specifically in the context of the attraction of new inward investment. An illustration from northeast England is used to argue that it is increasingly untenable to regard infrastructure as an independent variable influencing the regional distribution of mobile investment. Although the presence of certain basic infrastructure may be significant in attracting the initial interest of potential new investors, success in winning inward investment projects depends increasingly upon the ability of public authorities to produce spaces which are customised to the changing needs of key firms. This process of infrastructure modification and adaptation challenges simplistic interpretations of the role of infrastructure in regional economic development. Examples demonstrate how inward investment projects can be levered into a region by means of a variety of incentives including promises of rapid infrastructure modifications. The experience of Nissan is used to illustrate how an investor can subsequently engage directly in the production of its own customised space through the control exercised over regional authorities. It is concluded that this area of research and policy formation would benefit from insights into the political processes which occur at local levels in the modification and production of space.


The lattice SU(2) gluodynamics in the maximal abelian projection is reduced to the abelian theory, in which the natural small parameter exists. We show that in the zeroth order of the expansion in this parameter the theory is equivalent to the compact abelian gauge theory coupled to ghosts of charge 2.
The theory is a renormalizable and asymptotically free. This theory is represented in the form of the theory of open string with the boundary consisting of the worldline of the quark. The ghosts live on the worldsheet of the string. The naive continuum limit of such string representation gives a simple expression for the chromoelectric string action.


The article examines approaches to state sovereignty as a category of state theory, its individual aspects in the context of digitalization and globalization, explores the problem of state desuverenization, analyzes the ideas of partial renunciation of state sovereignty proposed in the scientific literature, as well as the emergence of such an element of sovereignty as responsibility to protect within states and beyond, contained in international law. In the context of considering the sovereignty of the state as a whole, economic sovereignty as its component is examined. The article examines the elements of the economic sovereignty of the state, the impact of digital technologies on it, analyzes the risks of its erosion under the influence of digitalization, examines and criticizes the concept of «digital sovereignty». The issue of ensuring the sovereignty of the state in general and economic sovereignty in particular is of particular importance in the context of the development of a multipolar world, the formation of new economic unions of states, and the strengthening of the positions of currencies of different states.


The manufacturing of gear teeth is greatly simplified by using a new conical surfaces of the teeth, Themeshing equations and surfaces equation of such concave teeth are derived. Its gcomctrcal characteristicsare analyzed, and also a calculation method is obtained. At last, the analysis and calculation of the overlapcoefficient show that the quasi-ellipsoidal gear pairs can realize continuous transmissions.


This paper discusses procedures for "ex ante" assessment of likely nutritional effects of development projects. Reported are results of 1 field trial in the Philippines of the "ex ante" assessment procedure in terms of: its feasibility and timeliness and the recommendations for project design that can be made and their influence. In the procedure described, emphasis is placed on assessing likely direct effects--through income, environmental changes and access to services. Indirect effects through food output and prices are assessed qualitatievly. 2 primary questions are addressed in the "ex ante" assessment: 1) who is to benefit directly from the project, in relation to their need (measured in terms of nutrition) and 2) is there reason to suppose that these benefits will not improve their nutrition? The procedure began with an initial assessment to identify the main issues based on reviewing existing data and a short field visit; since there was insufficient information, a rapid nutrition survey was conducted and analyzed; recommendations for project design were made within the necessary time for inclusion. The assessment of the large-scale development project in the Philippines indicates priority to remote areas, small farmers and subsistence fishermen. It is concluded that production-oriented components (e.g., agricultural and infrastructure development) of the project appear likely to improve nutrition insofar as they reach the priority groups defiend above. There is little reason to believe that increased income will not improve nutrition. Finally, there is evidence that an intervention to improve water supply is likely to be effective. Limitations of the procedure are that the assessment is limitied to direct, microlevel effects; long-term influences on nutrition, through changes in the overall economy of the area, are not assessed. Also, the data used cannot easily quantify expected effects on nutrition of project participants. Future application of such procedures are seen to be important if they can be fully integrated with the overall project planning.


The vortex structures in free plasma flow are identified using the information on the radiation intensity scanned in two mutually perpendicular directions by the CCD camera. Quasi-stationary regimes of free plasma flow are characterized by vortex structures in heat flows, noted for dynamical changes of the vorticity along the axis of the jet. The variant discussed in the paper makes it possible to identify the changes in dynamics by determining a three-dimensional course of the heat flow vector. The arrangement of the vortex structures generated by the vector potential is investigated considering a principal role of the product of enthalpy and flow velocity. The evolution of radiation intensity and dynamics of vortex structures in both the axial and radial direction about the jet's core is captured using the series of 8 shots within time interval of 100μsec. The analysis of vortex dynamics at flow rates 25 slm and 40slm and electrical currents 150 A and 200 A is presented. To determine dynamics of vortex structures, we used algorithms of the MATLAB program, specifically the instructions 'streamline' and 'streamtube'. The presented results prove occurrence of several dynamic regimes of a vortex type in a quasi-stationary heat flow of free plasma flow. The occurrence and position of the vortex type regimes depends not only on flow rates of gas and on electric input but significantly also on the position of the diagnosed vortex structures towards the axis and orifice of the jet.


We present cost and benefit models and analyze the economics effects of built-in self-test (BIST) for logic and memory cores. In our cost and benefit models for BIST, we take into consideration the design verification time and test development time associated with testability. Experimental results for logic BIST and memory BIST examples show that a threshold volume exists when BIST is profitable for the logic core under consideration - it is not recommended for a higher volume. However, BIST is a good choice for memory cores in general.


Western Khisor Range segment of the Trans-Indus ranges is a south-vergent, east-west trending foldthrustbelt that protrudes southward into Himalayan foreland deep. The frontal flanks of range are characterizedby east-west trending parallel to enechelon, plunging local anticlines and synclines structures. General structuralstyle of folds was observed asymmetric to overturn and dominantly south vergent. The frontal outskirts of thestudy area is demarcated by a youngest partly emergent thrust fault named as Khisor Thrust. Outcrops projectionto subsurface of the structural features suggests a thin-skinned tectonic mechanism for growth of the westernKhisor Range where gliding surface for the frontal thrust sheet being located within the Cambrian rocks ofJhelum Group at a maximum depth of 4km. The structural evolution of the western Khisor Range is generallyascribed to southward directed thrust transferral system along the basal decollement being observed at base ofthe Cambrian Khewra Sandstone. Along this detachment horizon the Khewra Sandstone emplaced over theRecent alluvium and boulder bed deposits. The Khisor Thrust fault bulldozed the fore limb of the SaiyiduwaliAnticline and demarcates the north-western proximity of the Punjab Foredeep. The Khisor Thrust sheet ispredominantly comprised of the shallow marine rocks of Paleozoic to Mesozoic, laterally extended along therange. The stratigraphic framework of the western Khisor Range is considerably related and correlative to theeastern Trans-Indus and Salt ranges. Cambrian strata of the western Khisor Range comprise of Jhelum Groupwhere its apex is underlain by the Permian Nilawahan and Zaluch groups rocks, consists of the Sardhai andAmb formations. The Sardhai Formation was observed 50m thick and consists of dark gray to blackish gray andblack carbonaceous shale while the lower constituents of the Amb Formation contains dark gray carbonaceousand calcareous shale up to 30m thick, which is favorable setting for hydrocarbon potential of the area. Blendingof structural style and stratigraphic framework of the western Khisor Range urges that the south-westernforedeep in proximity of Saiyiduwali is significantly associated for the hydrocarbon research, as thickcarbonaceous lithofacies of both formations are viable potential source rocks.


The hospital readmission rate has been widely used as an indicator of the quality of hospital care in many countries. However, the transferrability of this indicator that has been developed in a different health care system can be questioned. We reviewed what should be considered when using the risk-standardized readmission rate (RSRR) as a generic quality indicator in the Korean setting. We addressed the relationship between RSRR and the quality of hospital care, methodological aspects of RSRR, and use of RSRR for external purposes. These issues can influence the validity of the readmission rate as a generic quality indicator. Therefore RSRR should be used with care and further studies are needed to enhance the validity of the readmission rate indicator.


Abstract Three thermal spray coatings were subjected to high-temperature corrosion experiments to characterize the operative corrosion mechanism(s) and to examine the effects of coating composition and microstructure. Samples were placed in air and sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 600°C for exposure times up to 1,000 h. The ability of a thermal spray coating to protect its substrate effectively was found to depend upon its tendency to form protective oxides and upon the cross-sectional distance from the coating surface to the substrate via fast diffusion paths such as splat boundaries and voids.


This article investigates Rugina's orientation table and gives particular examples for several of its seven models. Leon Walras's Economics of Stable Equilibrium and Keynes's Economics of Disequilibrium are combined in Rugina's orientation table in systems which are s percent stable and 100−s percent unstable, where s may be 100, 95, 65, 50, 35, 5, and 0. Classical logic and modern logic are united in Rugina's integrated logic, and then generalized in neutrosophic logic.


PURPOSE: To provide a gas generator for a pre-tension device for a vehicle occupant restraint system capable of reducing stress which a mechanical part of a driving unit of a safety belt device receives and effectively using motive power of the gas generator. CONSTITUTION: A propulsive charge container 26 is arranged in a housing 12, a first propulsive charge 16' is stored in a section prescribed by an inner tube 2 coaxially arranged in its center, that is, in a central reception part 42, and a propulsive charge 16" is stored in a section to surround the inner tube 28 of the container 26, that is, in a reception part 44. The propulsive charge 16' has lower combustion speed than the propulsive charge 16". An ignition device 18 having an impact transmission element 22 furnished with a head 24 is arranged in a section communicated to the reception part 42 through an ignition passage 36 having a booster 48. The reception part 44 and the central reception part 42 are separated from each other by a bursting diaphragm 30 to be broken by combustion of the propulsive charge 16'. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


This paper reports on a corpus-based study that investigated the use of frequency adverbs in students' posts in a goal-oriented virtual forum. The participants in the study were undergraduate students enrolled in two distance learning undergraduate degrees at the International University of la Rioja (Spain), and whose English language level was B1. The forum was part of one of the modules taught within a BEd program with a major in English Language Teaching. The study used a mixed-method approach and the results showed that the erroneous usage of the selected set of adverbs represents 7.47% of the total number of errors. For the classification of the errors, an error taxonomy was designed, including 9 error types. Findings revealed that the most common error types were those related to the position of frequency adverbs in the clause. The paper argues for the unique value of data gathered from virtual forums for the design of prevention-oriented teaching material, based on predictable errors.


PURPOSE: A media approach control device capable of doing a network system-based QoS adopting a WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system is provided to install a queue management structure managing the priority of data, thereby preventing a transmission delay of a lower priority data. CONSTITUTION: A packet transmission unit(61) includes a queue(62) for storing temporary data to be transmitted. A queue management unit(67) is connected to a priority queue(64) for storing data received from a packet reception unit(65) in order to be transmitted to an another load. The queue management unit(67) also compares the data of the queue(62) and priority queue(64) and transmits the higher priority data first. The MAC(Media Access Control) device(60) checks a mini slot flow in the packet reception unit(65) in order, then when existing data having a node(50) of the MAC device(60), receives and outputs the data, and passes the data through an empty slot. The packet transmission unit(61) checks the mini-slot flow and finds out an empty slot when existing data to be transmitted in the queue(62).


Let's start by returning to what now seems to be a distant memory: the revolutionary shockwave that swept the Arab world in 2011. You argued in your book, The People Want: A Radical Exploration of the Arab Uprising, that these events were only the beginning of a protracted revolutionary process owing to the specific nature of capitalism in the Middle East. Could you explain these dynamics of political economy in the Arab world and their relationship to forms of authoritarian rule?


The rates and steric course of aquation of $_t_r_a_n_s-[Co(en)_2N_3Cl]ClO_4$ have been reexamined over a 50° range of temperature. At 25.0°, $[H^+]=0.01M,_k=2.6*10^-^4_s_e_c^-^1,\Delta H =20.7 \pm \ 0.3 kcal/mol, and \Delta S= -6 \pm \ 2 eu. $ The corresponding bromo complex has been prepared and examined for the first time. At 25.0°, $[H^+]=0.01 M,_k=8.5*10^-^4_s_e_c^-^1, \Delta H = 20.0 \pm \ 0.5 kcal/mol, \Delta S= -6 \pm \ 2 eu.$ In all cases, after correction for subsequent isomerization, it is shown that aquation occurs with complete retention of configuration. The specific rate of approach to equilibrium of $ _c_i_s- and _t_r_a_n_s- Co(en)_2N_3OH^2^+ $ was also measured over a 30° temperature range. At 25.0°, $[H^+]=0.010 M,_k=9.6 * 10^-^5 _s_e_c^1-^1, \Delta H= 32.0 \pm \ 0.5 kcal/mol, \Delta S= +30 \pm \ 3eu.$ The equilibrium composition (43% $_t_r_a_n_s$) is independent of temperature over this range. The steric course of spontaneous and $H_g^2^+$ -catalyzed aquation of $_c_i_s-Co(en)_2N_3Cl_+$ has also been rexamined. It has been shown conclusively that both process give identical amounts of the $_c_i_s-$ and $_t_r_a_n_s-$aquoazido products and there is reasonable evidence to suggest that some 15% of the intial reaction product has the $_t_r_a_n_s$ configuration- This is the first example of stereochemical change in the spontaneous aquation of a $_c_i_s-Co(en)_2AX^n^+$complex.


The current study tested the hypothesis that there would be a positive relationship between sport team identification and willingness to injure anonymously an opposing player or coach. To test this hypothesis, 88 college students were asked to indicate their willingness to murder someone anonymously and their willingness to injure anonymously the star player and coach of a rival team. The data confirmed the hypothesis, even after controlling for level of sport fandom. However, because the data failed to reveal a significant relationship between team identification and desire to murder someone anonymously, it is apparent that the highly identified fans were not simply more aggressive in general. Rather, they were more aggressive only when the target was a player or coach of a rival team. Discussion centers on the instrumental nature of the current form of fan aggression.


Police are appealing for information to trace the whereabouts of a man following an attempted serious sexual assault in Leeds city centre. Officers ...


In this article, a low‐profile dual‐band patch antenna for vehicle communication is proposed. With two sets of shorting vias on the hexagonal‐shaped patch at different positions and single feed at the center, three different resonant modes are excited, forming two operating bands with omnidirectional and conical beam radiation respectively. The omnidirectional radiation at 2.45 GHz is used for wireless local area network (WLAN) communication while the conical beam radiation is used for cellular vehicle‐to‐everything (C‐V2X) communication. The proposed antenna is fabricated using the printed circuit technique. Both the measured reflection coefficient and radiation pattern match well with the simulations. With the advantage of low profile, dual‐band, and dual radiation characteristics, the antenna owns a good potential to be used in vehicle communications.


Provided in the present invention are a construct used to express soluble fragments of secreted TRAIL protein, and a lentivirus expression vector including said construct. Also provided are mesenchymal stem cells having said construct integrated into the genomes thereof and capable of expressing and secreting said TRAIL protein fragments. Also provided is the use of said construct, vector or mesenchymal stem cells to treat brain tumors.


Evidence suggests the high rates of burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation among medical doctors and medical students. However, due to privacy, possible job impact, stigma, etc. these two groups might not seek proper mental health treatment. As a result, medical practitioners and medical students have a higher suicide rate compared with the general population. It has been suggested that familiarity with and easy access to dangerous means of suicide such as drugs could partially explain this elevated risk. For example, the results of a study that carried out in England and Wales have highlighted that using drugs was common in doctors in comparison with the general population. During the period of study, that is, 1979-1995, 115 (54.8%) male doctors and 40 (64.5%) female doctors committed suicide applying drugs or poisoning. Interestingly, the same study also revealed that only 2 (2.3%) male doctors and no female doctors committed suicide applying self-burning. Furthermore, the results of another study have demonstrated that doctors in a general hospital medicine have lower rates compare with anesthetists and psychiatrists. However, the problem with above studies is that almost all of them were carried out in the developed countries and very few studies originated from developing countries. As a result, evidence is lacking regarding suicide methods applied in medical practitioners and medical students in developing countries, especially from those countries such as India, Iran, Sri Lanka, etc. where self-immolation is common. Self-burning as a fatal and gruesome mean of committing suicide is believed to occur mainly through copycatting phenomenon. Therefore, it would be necessary to determine that medical practitioners and medical students in the above-mentioned countries apply what type of methods to commit suicide. This should help to reveal that what proportion of suicides in these two groups could be attributable to familiarity with and easy access to dangerous means of suicide, that is, drugs and what proportion to copycat phenomenon, that is, self-immolation. Language: en


The cell profile and heat balance of 5 kA grade aluminum reduction cell with inert anodes were calculated and simulated by finite element software Ansys.The results show that the superheat temperature and type of side carbon block have great influence on the cell profile.When the superheat temperature increases 10 ℃,the ledge thickness is reduced by about 50%,the ledge width is reduced by about 30%.The better the heat dissipation capability of side carbon block is,the thicker the cell ledge is.The semi graphitic side carbon block is advised because it can not only assure the required cell profile but also reduce the heat dissipation.The heat balance calculation shows that both the cell with semi graphitic cathode and graphitized cathode can achieve heat balance by taking some measures,while the cell with graphitized cathode needs about 9% more energy input than the cell with semi graphitic cathode,but it can assure more reasonable temperature distribution in the cathodes.


Objective To investigate protective effects and mechanisms of astragaloside Ⅳ on myocardium injury caused by free radicals. Methods Myocytes of new-born rats were incubated with ADR (0.5mg/L and 1.0 mg/L) for 24 hours to induce oxygen free radical injury in model group; same dose of ADR was administered 1 hour after treatment with AST (10 mg/L and 20 mg/L) in therapeutic group and incubated for another 24 hours. Metabolic rate of MTT, content of MDA, activity of NOS, and intracellular free calcium of cardiac myocyte were measured. Results Metabolic rate of MTT: Compared with that of control group, metabolic rates of MTT was decreased in ADR 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L groups in a dose dependent manner significantly(P0.01). However, the metabolic rate of MTT in cardiac myocyte injured by ADR could be increased. Under the condition that the dosages of ADR were the same, metabolic rate of MTT in the large dosage of AST was increased much more significantly. Content of MDA: Compared with that of control group, the content of MDA was increased in ADR group(P0.05). Compared with that of ADR group, the content of MDA was dose-dependently decreased in AST groups significantly(P0.05). Activity of NOS: Compared with that of control group, activity of NOS was increased in ADR group significantly, (P0.05). Compared with that of ADR group, activity of NOS was dose-dependently decreased in AST groups significantly (P0.05). [Ca 2+]_i: Compared with that of control group, intracellular free calcium in cardiac myocyte was increased in ADR group significantly(P0.01). Compared with that of ADR group, intracellular free calcium in cardiac myocyte was decreased in ADR plus AST group significantly(P0.01). Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ have greatly protective effects on free radical injury induced by adriamycin in myocardium rats.


Over 90% of them are aged 65 years or over, and more than half are aged 85 years or over.1 With an ageing population, increasing numbers of older people will experience a hip fracture. Osteoporotic hip fractures place a heavy burden on the affected individuals, their caregivers and the health system.1 Patients are almost invariably treated surgically unless they have severe comorbidities or are in an advanced palliative stage, in which case they may be managed nonoperatively.2 Postoperatively, the path to recovery is long. Out of 100 patients, approximately seven will die within 30 days of the fracture, and four will need to enter a residential aged care facility, either while they recover or permanently.3 A year later, fewer than half will be able to walk as well as they did before the fracture, and an additional 10 to 15 will have died.4,5 In the two years after the index hip fracture, one in five patients will experience another fracture.6 The outcome that is most important to many older people with hip fracture is a future with functional independence and good quality of life. An opportunity exists to improve the health outcomes of these patients through closer attention to their postdischarge needs and better implementation of evidence-based care. Getting patients back on their feet after a hip fracture


A protein unique to phosphorus stress observed in Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher was studied in the context of phosphate‐limited cell physiology and is a potential diagnostic indicator of phosphate deficiency in this alga. Cells were grown over a range of limited, steady‐state growth rates and at maximum (replete) and zero (phosphate‐starved) growth rates. The stress protein, absent in nutrient‐replete cells, was produced under all steady‐state phosphate‐limited conditions and increased in abundance with increasing limitation (decreasing growth rate). Cellular carbon: phosphorus ratios and the maximum uptake rate of phosphate (Vm) increased with increasing limitation, whereas the ratio of chlorophyll a: carbon decreased. Alkaline phosphatase activity did not respond to limitation but was measurable in starved, stationary‐phase cells. Fv/Fm, a measure of photochemical efficiency, was a nonlinear, saturating function of p, as commonly observed under N limitation. The maximum Fv/Fm of 0.64 was measured in nutrient‐replete cells growing at μmax, and a value of zero was measured in stationary‐phase starved cells. When physiological parameters were compared, the P‐stress protein abundance and Fv/Fm were the most sensitive indicators of the level of deficiency. The stress protein was not produced under N‐ or Fe‐limited conditions. It is of high molecular weight (>200) and is associated with internal cell membranes. The stress protein has several characteristics that make it a potential diagnostic indicator: it is 1) unique to phosphorus limitation (i.e. absent under all other conditions), 2) present under limiting as well as starved conditions, 3) sensitive to the level of limitation, and 4) observable without time‐course incubation of live samples.


(First records of Geastraceae and Nidulariaceae (Basidiomycota, Fungi) from Bahia, Northeastern Brazil). The state of Bahia has a great variety of tropical ecosystems, that harbour several interesting fungal species. Collections of gasteromycete specimens made from May/2005 to April/2008, in remnants of Atlantic Rain Forest, revealed interesting data. Six species of gasteromycetes, belonging to the families Geastraceae (Geastrum fimbriatum, G. hieronymi, G. lageniforme, G. saccatum and G. schweinitzii) and Nidulariaceae (Cyathus montagnei), were identified. All the species are new records from Bahia. Geastrum hieronymi is reported for the second time from Brazil and G. lageniforme is a new record from Northeastern Brazil.


This article discusses the colors of automobiles. It notes that automobile colors can have an impact on traffic safety, as some colors (especially white) are more visible than other (usually darker) colors. In addition, the colors that individuals choose for their cars might say something about the personality types of the individuals.


This paper discusses the differences between psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, and places the framework and objectives of their respective methods in accordance with the principles of the Jean Laplanche's theory of generalized seduction, as well as the project of emancipation that this theory confers to psychoanalysis. With these foundations, it argues that there are close relationships between theory and practice, that the practice of psychoanalysis always implies the choice of a metapsychological model, and that all models cannot be taken as equivalent, considering their goal of transformation, an aim which is inherent to psychoanalytic practice today.


Among the many editions of the Chinese Buddhist canon, the most readily accessible and most widely used by scholars today is the Taishō shinshū daizōkyō (Taishō edition). The Taishō edition was compiled with the aim of providing a reliable and comprehensive edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon, but while the "Section of Esoteric Teachings," consisting of 573 works, is numerically speaking the largest of the thirty-one categories into which the Taishō edition is divided, its coverage is not exhaustive and there are a number of tantric texts found in earlier editions of the Chinese Buddhist canon that have been omitted. The 573 texts contained in vols. 18-21 have been organized into fourteen categories. Vols. 18-21 of the Taishō edition constitute the most comprehensive collection of tantric scriptures preserved in Chinese and provide the basis for any study of tantric or esoteric Buddhism in East Asia. Keywords: Chinese Buddhist canon; East Asia; Taishō volumes 18-21