The process of generation of images and sound, generally called rendering is our primary interest; our second main interest are virtual environments (VE's) as well as augmented (AE's) or mixed environments (ME's), that is scenes containing both real objects (often digitized) as well as purely synthetic objects. We are interested in both the generation and the interaction with these environments. We use the term virtual environments for scenes with a certain degree of interactivity, potentially in a semi-immersif (stereo and tracking, workbench) or immersive (CAVE, RealityCenter) context. Immersive, stereo-based systems seem a well-adapted platform for more intuitive interactive modelling in 3D. The development of efficient and flexible structures such as procedural point-based representations, or rapid aging techniques in a true 3D context could result in systems which are much more efficient that 2D displays, in which the sensation of 3D depth and immersion is missing. Finally, the inclusion of spatialised sound for 3D interfaces is clearly a promising research direction. The benefit of consistent 3D sound is evident, since it results in better spatial perception for the user, can help for example in determining spatial or visibility relationships, resulting in improved usability. The actual inclusion of sound effects or sound metaphors in interface design is clearly an interesting challenge. rendering, lighting, shadows and spatialised sound). Work takes place both with archeologists who are interested in virtual reconstruction of monuments and with children in the context of the educational mission of the FHW. In the context of the past project ARCHEOS (2001-2003), we worked on the Agora site of ancient Argos, and in particular on the Tholos monument. We contacted and worked with two archeologists who have conflicting hypotheses on the utility of the monument, and reconstructed the two different possibilities in a virtual world. In addition, we have investigated the relative effectiveness or utility of realistic vs. non-photo realistic (or expressive) renderings for archeological reconstruction. Although this was very experimental work, but we have had very positive feedback from the archeologists. cultural The goal here is the reconstruction of a complex monument at Danser column the and to test a number of hypotheses (structural, aesthetic contribution the development of efficient and high-quality reconstruction and rendering techniques, the context of the thesis of using a point-based approach. Results of this work were presented at the VAST, Computer Graphics and Archeology conference this year (see Section 6.1.4). contexts. Their augmentation with both synthetic images and sound should have great potential. As a first step, such applications would be limited to more "theme-park" style environments. However, the emergence of low-cost "wall-projection" stereo and tracking systems could result in the development of installations that have cost equivalent to that of a home-cinema setup today, making them potentially viable in a mass-market context. an OpenGL renderer for this scene graph, a (partial) 2.0 parser.


We propose WS-DINO as a novel framework to use weak label information in learning phenotypic representations from high-content fluorescent images of cells. Our model is based on a knowledge distillation approach with a vision transformer backbone (DINO), and we use this as a benchmark model for our study. Using WS-DINO, we fine-tuned with weak label information available in high-content microscopy screens (treatment and compound) and achieve state-of-the-art performance in not-same-compound mechanism of action prediction on the BBBC021 dataset (98%), and not-same-compound-and-batch performance (96%) using the compound as the weak label. Our method bypasses single cell cropping as a pre-processing step, and using self-attention maps we show that the model learns structurally meaningful phenotypic profiles.


A six-week study was carried out to isolate S. intermedius and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility from dogs and cats. The bacteria was isolated and identified from the skin and oral cavity swabs from 30 pet dogs and cats presented to University Veterinary Hospital and 30 dogs and cats from animal shelter. 38.3% of S.intermedius was isolated from total of 120 samples. The highest frequency (34.8%) of isolates was found in pet dogs. This was followed by pet cats, animal shelter dogs and animal shelter cats. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was detected by disc diffusion method. A high percentage of resistance was observed in ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulpho-compound at 80.4, 71.7, and 65.2% respectively. The resistance towards methicillin and ceftriazone were similar at 54.4%. Most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin with 19.6% resistance rate. Almost 70% of these isolates showed multiple-antimicrobial resistance. It is concluded that S. intermedius is present in dogs and cats, distributed on the skin surface and in the oral cavity. Their antimicrobial resistance rates are of public health concerns. This potential human pathogen should be given consideration in bite wound and other infected lesions


Adoption of conservation tillage and use of poultry litter as fertilizer in major crops is increasing in the southeastern USA. The water quality impact of these alternative cropping methods needs investigation. In a study near Watkinsville, GA, nitrate loss through drainage was similar between no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) cotton (mean 8.9 vs 8.2 kg ha - 1 ). Cotton fertilized with poultry litter (PL) had higher nitrate loss than that fertilized with ammonium nitrate as conventional fertilizer (CF) (10.3 vs 6.5 kg ha -1 ). Peak nitrate concentrations reached 30 mgL -1 from CT and 15 mgL -1 from NT. Cotton under PL had about 5 mgL -1 higher peak concentration than CF cotton. Losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff were: 0.24, 0.25, 0.45 and 0.72 kg ha -1 respectively, for CTCF, CTPL, NTCF and NTPL. There was 48% more total runoff from CT than NT.


An automated on‐line programmable stimulator and interval measurement system was developed to study atrioventricular node (AVN) accommodation. This dedicated microcomputer system measures and stores the stimulus‐to‐His bundle (S‐H] interval from His bundle electrogram (HBE) recordings. Interval measurements for each beat are accurate to within 500 μs. This user‐controlled system has been used to stimulate at any rate up to 6.5 Hz and to measure intervals up to 125 ms in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts. A built‐in timer‐reset mechanism prevents failure of the system in the absence of a His potential (i.e., 2:1 AV block). It may be modified for use in clinical studies or other experimental systems and has the ability to measure other physiological intervals. The system provides the precision in pacing and accuracy in the measurement of AVN conduction time that is necessary for meaningful analysis of AVN accommodation and has the simplicity of design and use that is not available in previously described systems. Furthermore, this computer system can be used not only in studies involving AV conduction, but also in any setting where programmed stimulation and interval measurement and recording need to be performed simultaneously.


Nurses' factual knowledge increased and oxygen administration decisions improved following education. Variability in nurses' knowledge and decisions, both before and after education, suggests that factual knowledge is only one component of clinical decisions. If nursing education is to improve clinical practice, then we need to better understand the relationship between factual knowledge and clinical decisions.


This study offers an hypothesis, based on field and laboratory data, for the development of one type of erosional scarplets on hillslopes in the semiarid Great Plains. The scarplets are crescent-shaped and are generally less than two feet in height. They have four integral parts: (1) tread, (2) seepage face, (3) base, and (4) debris-slope. Mapping shows that these features are developed roughly parallel to the stream channels and in some cases follow a slope continuously nearly on contour for as much as a quarter of a mile.

The scarplets are developed in surficial mantle material overlying a fine-grained, weathered bedrock surface. Infiltration tests show that a zone of relatively low permeability exists at the contact between the surficial mantle and the weathered bedrock which causes a seepage of subsurface flow wherever the contact is exposed on a free face. These features have been called seepage steps by the authors. After a step is initiated it migrates upslope nearly on contour.

Particle-size analyses of soil samples taken in seepage steps do not reveal large differences in the texture of the material of the tread and base; but the surficial material, which is mainly alluvium and colluvium, is made more permeable by transport

X-ray studies of the mineral constituents in soil samples show that downslope migration of soil material is a fundamental part of step formation. Very young soil profiles in a semiarid region may acquire the characteristics of a more mature soil by the erosional processes involved in seepage-step formation. Seepage-step studies emphasize the significance of subsurface hydrology in slope development and soil formation.


The article examines the differences and interrelationships of value and life-meaning orientations in adolescents with different levels of information awareness. The information awareness of adolescents is considered as the leading factor determining the features of the interpretation of information. The study sample consisted of 70 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, 40 of them girls and 30 boys. The study was conducted on the basis of secondary schools in Rostov-on-Don. The research methods were the survey method, diagnostic methods, and statistical methods. According to the results of the study, the levels of information awareness of adolescents were identified, differences in terminal and instrumental value orientations among adolescents with different levels of information awareness, as well as the relationship of values with the level of information awareness were revealed. The conclusions can be used in the development of thematic correctional and developmental programs for working with adolescent students.


Introduction Pedicle hooks have been extensively used in spine surgery. One of the major concerns of such instrumentation is the pullout of the implants. Recently, a screw that anchors the pedicle was added to secure the hook, and to improve both pullout strength as well as purchase. An anatomical study was performed on human cadavers to assess the anatomical safety of these implants. From this study, we can conclude that the use of screws to hold the pedicle hooks is generally safe. Further studies should be done to assess this in deformed spines. Materials & Methods: Eleven embalmed human cadavers with a mean age of 76 years (6 male bodies and 5 female bodies) were used for this study. The same staff spine surgeon performed all surgical procedures. The thoracic pedicles were instrumented bilaterally starting from T1 down to T12 with an AO Universal Spine System Pedicular Hook Screw. Abandoning the procedures was permitted whenever the safety of any neural structures was jeopardized or the implant could not be placed correctly. The surgeon's comments were documented. For subsequent analyses after instrumentation, the spines were harvested en-bloc and later dissected into individual vertebrae. Two independent blinded observers did a visual inspection to grade the hook and screw positions. All specimens were then radiographed individually in three dimensions (antero-posterior, medio-lateral & cranio-caudal). Two blinded observers independently evaluated the hook and screw positions following the visual classification system. Only the antero-posterior and lateral radiographs were provided, because only these would be available in a clinical situation. Results Thirty-five implant placements (ten in T11, eighteen in T12 and seven in all other levels) were abandoned prior to the surgical procedure. Six hooks were requested to be repositioned. Four implant placements were abandoned after drilling the screw hole (three screws with a medial deviation, and one screw with a lateral deviation). Of the remaining 225 implants, 29 were lost during harvesting and preparation, leaving 196 implants for further evaluation. One hundred and eighty three implants were considered safe by the surgeon at the end of the surgical procedure, 13 were believed not to be safe and were removed. No screws were found to be disrupting the integrity of the neural structures in the canal or in the foramen. A comparison between the visual and radiological evaluations of both the screw and hook positions was performed. The visual evaluation showed an inter-observer agreement of 85% for the hooks and 78% for the screws. The radiographic evaluation showed an agreement of 75% for the hooks, and of 43% for the screw between observers, a value considerably lower than expected. When comparing each of the two radiological evaluations to the "gold standard," only 62% to 67% of the hooks and 42% to 48% of the screws had an agreement. Conclusion Overall, the use of U.S.S. pedicle hook-screws is suggested to be safer than either the conventional pedicle hook, which is often malpositioned inside the canal, or the classical pedicle screw, which is too large for the thoracic pedicles.


This paper describes the developed HILS and test equipment in order to test the performances of MMW(Millimeter-Wave) seeker which can detect and track a high speed of short-range ballistic missile and aircraft. This system is used to 141 horn antenna array, array switching, and gain and phase control algorithm to simulate various kind of targets and trajectory of high speed and maneuver moving target. In addition, it simulates not only velocity and range for these targets but also clutter and jamming environments. System configuration and implementation and the measurement results of major subsystems such as target motion simulator, simulation signal generator, high speed data aquisition unit, and central control unit are presented. These systems could verify the detection and tracking performance of MMW seeker through dynamic real-time test based on simulation flight scenario.


AECL has over 40 years of experience in the nuclear field. Over the past 20 years, this unique Canadian nuclear technology has made a worldwide presence, In addition to 22 CANDU reactors in Canada, there are also two in India, one in Pakistan, one in Argantina, four in Korea and five in Romania. CANDU advancements are based on evolutionary plant improvements. They consist of system performance improvements, design technology improvements and research and development in support of advanced nuclear power. Given the good performance of CANDU plants, it is important that this CANDU operating experience be incorporated into new and repeat designs. INTRODUCTION Working towords the establishment of the nuclear power program in Turkey is not new to AECL. In mid 1980s AECL's negotiations with TEK led to the signing of a contract for the first unit. The project however, did not proceed as a result of difficulties associated with the financing of the build-operate-transfer model. Once again AECL has responded to latest requests for proposals for Akkuyu by TEK and is actively pursuing this project. The present Forum is therefore timely to provide input to these deliberations. i WHAT IS AECL AECL has over 40 years of experience in the nuclear field. It was formed in 1952 as a Crown Corporation, wholly owned by the Government of Canada. Responsible for developing peaceful uses of nuclear technology in the areas of electricity generation, health applications and food preservation. In the field of electricity generation the efforts led to the development of CANDU nuclear power system. The initial commercialization of the CANDU system was based on a partnership between AECL, Ontario Hydro and Canadion Industry. The successful CANDU program in Canada, led to its expansion into the export markets.


Aim A rapid method for the separation and determination of borax in bingpeng san by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was reported.Methods SPHERISORB C 18 (200×5.0mm) was used as the stationary phase,methanol-water(80∶20) as the mobile phase,with detection wavelength at 550nm.Results The linear range of the borax was 0.14~0.71μg·ml -1 ,and regressive quation of the calibration curve was Y=5.7×10 4+1.15×10 5C,r=0.999 2.Conclusion The method was proved to be simple,accurate and reproducible.


Multicasting is a useful communication scheme that facilitates group communication. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages. Multicast is a relatively unexplored research area, when it is compared with Unicast [I]. Over the past few years, several multicast routing protocols have been proposed for Ad-Hoc networks. In this chapter, we first provide a classification approach of the
multicasting techniques in mobile Ad-Hoc networks, followed by the description of theexisting approaches that support QoS in mobile Ad-Hoc networks using multicasting scheme.
We concentrate on hierarchical multicast routing protocols and position-based protocols, because of its relationship to our research. We will highlight their advantages and outline their limitations


A method, involving the use of an analogue computer, is described for determining a quantitative relation between measured urinary pH and the kidney tubular reabsorption of certain drugs under normal conditions of fluctuating urinary pH. The method is based on the use of drug excretion versus time profiles under normal conditions and of absorption, metabolism and excretion rate constants, determined under conditions of controlled urinary pH, e.g. constant acidic pH (<5) in the case of basic drugs. In support of the theoretical treatment, experimental results, using amphetamine as a model drug, are presented. The implications of the method are discussed with respect to the evaluation of drug formulations under normal urinary pH conditions.


The defatting of both corn and wheat starch with 85% methanol yields starches which start to gelatinise at lower temperatures and have increased overall viscosities compared with untreated starches. The lipids extracted from wheat and corn starch with 85 % methanol were similar in total amount but showed very large differences in the proportions of neutral and phospholipids. The extracted corn lipids contained eight times as much neutral lipids (mainly free fatty acids) as phospholipids whereas the proportions of neutral and phospholipids in wheat starch were approximately equal. Addition of extracted lipids to defatted starches significantly modified the swelling and viscosity characteristics. Addition of wheat and corn lipids to potato starch (which contains almost no lipids) indicated that the higher percentage of phospholipids in wheat starch probably contributed towards the lower viscosity characteristics of wheat starch compared with corn starch.


A gully node is the intersection of gully or river networks,which reflects the geomorphological structure and hydrological characteristic of the gully area.Effective extraction and analysis of gully nodes are essential to understand the spatial structure,morphology,and hydrological characteristic of a catchment.An algorithm based on high resolution digital elevation model(DEM) data is proposed for extracting gully nodes together with the classification method.The algorithm and method are tested in an experimental area on the Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi Province.The numbers of gully nodes of different order gullies and the flow accumulation value associated with each gully node are obtained.The relationship between the numbers of gully nodes in any given order class and the sum of corresponding flow accumulation values is obtained using a mathematical model.The variations in the spatial distribution of flow accumulation values in different geomorphological regions are studied using the arithmetic progression classification method.Finally,the spatial regularity of geomorphological features is preliminary discussed.


Path-integral expressions for one-particle propagators in scalar and fermionic field theories are derived, for arbitrary mass. This establishes a direct connection between field theory and specific classical point-particle models. The role of world-line reparametrization invariance of the classical action and the implementation of the corresponding BRST symmetry in the quantum theory are discussed. The presence of classical world-line supersymmetry is shown to lead to an unwanted doubling of states for massive spin-1⁄2 particles. The origin of this phenomenon is traced to a "hidden" topological fermionic excitation. A different formulation of the pseudo-classical mechanics using a bosonic representation of ~5 is shown to remove these extra states at the expense of losing manifest supersymmetry.


In research conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, p la~um-goup metal (IPGM) flotation concentrate from the Stillwater Complex, MT, was subjected to biooxidation using If7liobacillus feroadans in an effort to break down the suEde minerals and liberate the associated PGM's for subsequent chemical leaching, Bacterial preleachitlg oxidized up to 94 pct of the sulfide present, destroyed the PGM-bearing pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)$,] mineralization, and dissolved most of the nickel in the concentrate. Qdda t ion at 800 C proved to be the most attractive chemical leachant, removing 34 pct of the plathm, 76 pct of the palladium, 94 pct of the rhodium, and 97 pct of the gold from the biookdized concentrate. Research also indicated that increased sulfide oxidation during the preleach phase led to improved PGM recovery in the subsequent chemical leachitlg phase. chemical engineer. 2~upe~sory research chemist. Reno Research Center, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 'tieno, NV.


According to a class of coupling delays complex networks,the synchronization problems are studied based on variable structure control.The switching surface is designed by using the left eigenvector function of the system,which can assure the state of the network keep stable at the desired synchronization orbit.The sliding mode controllers are designed for the network with known and unknown nonlinear term,which can assure the network state from arbitrary time hitting the desired switching manifold in finite time.Finally,two examples are simulated by using the designed variable structure controller,the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.


In this paper, we propose to expand the capabilities of wideband levitation and show the possibility of forming a structure of a complex shape based on focusing a wideband field in a given area. Focusing the field of planar radiating arrays makes it possible to form a region of stable levitation in a plane parallel to the arrays. The counter radiation of the two arrays creates a standing wave, at the nodes of which the particles are grouped. The use of a wideband signal makes it possible to create many stable nodes of standing waves in specified areas, and to realize the required shape of the levitating object. Simultaneous monitoring of multiple particles in a wideband ultrasonic field may become a new direction in the development of methods of acoustic trapping and control of particles, as well as technologies of acoustic tweezers.


Abstract A complete census of fishing on 4.8 miles of the Pigeon River, together with population estimates made at the end of the open season, made possible an accurate evaluation of the yield and survival of open-season plantings of hatchery trout. Fishing intensity in this research area for 3 years averaged 2,414 daily trips per year which was equivalent to 278 hours of fishing effort per acre per year. Sections in which hatchery fish were planted attracted about three times as much fishing as did the unplanted sections. Fishing quality, measured by the catch per hour per fishing trip, was generally poor for native fish, averaging less than 1 fish for 5 hours of effort. Hatchery fish made up about 70 percent of the total catch for the 3 years. Planting trout from a live-crate a few at a time (scatter-planting) did not prove to be advantageous over the practice of liberating large numbers of fish in one hole (spot-planting). Trout that had been scatter-planted did not contribute to the catch for a longer...


In 1911 Straub and later his pupil Herrmann described a biological reaction for morphine which they thought was specific for that alkaloid and could possibly be used in forensic work. 1 , 2 They noted that after injections of small amounts of morphine in mice there followed a peculiar stiffening and bending backwards or curling of the tails of those animals. No adequate explanation of this phenomena was given by the authors. In May, 1918, Van Leersum 1 described the same phenomenon in the rat and showed that this peculiar stiffening and upbending of the tail was really due to a spasm of the sphincters of the anus and especially of the bladder and that the same phenomenon could be produced by exciting spasm of the sphincters by other agents, chemical or physical. The researches of the present author on the influence of various opium alkaloids on smooth muscle, which were first reported before the Pharmacological Society in December, 1917, 2 and later, in the PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE in February, 1918, throw additional light on the mechanism of Straub's phenomenon. The author has shown that in respect to their action on plain muscle, the opium alkaloids fall in two groups: the piperidine-phenanthrene group of which morphine is the principal member, and the benzylisquinoline group, of which papaverin is the principal member. It was shown that morphine stimulates the contractions and increases the tonus of smooth muscle, while papaverin inhibits the contractions and lowers the tbn'us of the same.3 Injections of morphine in the mouse and rat produce a spasmodic contraction of the bladder and its sphincters, and this probably plays the important r81e in the production of Straub's phenomenon.


Situational leadership theory emphasizes the match between management behavior and subordinates maturity,on the base of which studies the most effective management was studied.The theory has a very important significance on managing the students of different grades and different development level for the primary head teachers.


A novel methodology was developed to simulate hemodynamics in the mouse abdominal aorta based on in vivo measurements. This methodology was used in a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Results showed no obvious link between locations of disturbed flow and locations where the AAA develops.


A semi-autonomous control strategy is proposed for teleoperation of a mobile base and/or a twin-arm robotic manipulator for use when conventional teleoperation is inadequate. The approach employs idempotent and generalized pseudoinverse matrices to augment operator(s) control with some level of assistance/autonomy. An application specific task-space weighting matrix is introduced to adjust the relative weight of autonomous control with respect to human-centered teleoperation control. The task-space weighting matrix allows for a smooth continuous transition from completely autonomous to shared control, and to completely human teleoperated control. Experiments with a twin-armed mobile slave robot demonstrate the feasibility and basic functionality of the controller.


Develop integrative learning materials between Islam and Science in the science subjects is an attempt to bring science-based values in an effort to improve and raise the awareness of students on the aspects of intellectual, emotional and spiritual. This is done so that the impression of general subjects that have not contributed to moral and character education to increase faith and piety learners are not proven. Therefore, using the model of Dick and Lou Carey in the design of scientific development, integrative Islam and Science approach philosophical dimension as a foundation and Integration dyadic Dialogic, this study was conducted to address issues of common subjects who did not leave sumabngsih to the formation of character and morality


The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of workplace environment on employees' performance of Nepalese commercial banks. A well-structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from 240 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analysis, and to diagnose the collected data. The results revealed that there is a significant influence of Job Aids (JA), Team Effort (TE), Physical Environment (PE) and Supervisor Support (SS) on Employee's Performance (EP) in Nepalese commercial banks. Furthermore, JA and PE have strong impact on Employee's Performance and TE and SS have the least influence. The practical implications are transparent for the managers and employers in Nepalese commercial banks since the workplace environment helps to improve the performance of the employees. The originality lies in the article claiming to enhance the performance of the employees, the implementation of good workplace environment must be complemented.


The invention discloses a frequency converting control system of a refrigerator, the refrigerator and a frequency converting control method of the refrigerator. The frequency converting control system of the refrigerator comprises a temperature controller, a frequency converting panel and a compressor, wherein the frequency converting panel is serially connected with the temperature controller, the compressor is connected with the frequency converting panel, and the frequency converting panel is used for controlling starting and stopping of the compressor according to opening and closing of the temperature controller. The frequency converting control system of the refrigerator has the advantages of being low in cost, easy to operate, convenient to maintain, and the like.


Three species of the genus Gymnocodium are described and figured from the upper part of the Middle Productus beds of the Nammal Gorge. This alga is found associated with late Permian fusulinid genera which are known from the Capitan limestones of Texas and the Maiya series of Japan.


With the development of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry, the requirements for the surface performance of critical components are likewise increasing. To control the heat and mass transfer in the laser surface treatment process more efficiently and flexibly, the multiangle double laser surface treatment technology shows unique advantages. This study is focused on the experimental study of the laser surface treatment process for Ti6Al4V material. By changing the laser power and the incidence angle of the laser beam, the effects of single-laser beam surface treatment (SLST) and dual-laser beam surface treatment (DLST) on the surface morphology of the alloy were studied. The effects of laser treatment on the surface morphology, element distribution, roughness, surface chemical state, and surface structure of the alloy were emphatically analyzed. The mechanism of SLST and DLST at different incident angles of heat source and the effect of DLST on the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the alloy were compared and analyzed. The results show that when the average power of the high-power nanosecond pulse width laser in DLST is 100 W and the incident angle is 135°, the surface oxygen content reaches the lowest, as low as 8.31%. The secondary effect of the laser makes the alloy surface remelt again, and then the best roughness after laser processing is obtained, with a roughness value of 2.801 μm. Finally, we obtain the optimal process for laser surface treatment and conclude that DLST can significantly optimize the surface state after a high-energy laser beam action.


Electron−excited silicon L1L23V and L1L23M1 Coster−Kronig signals from hydrogenated amorphous silicon surfaces have been measured and compared with corresponding signals from both crystalline and amorphous silicon surfaces. The amorphous surfaces were produced by direct ion bombardment of a single crystal sample. Changes due to hydrogen on these low energy signals were not detectable. These results are in agreement with one set of published results and in contradiction with a second set. Large characteristic‐loss‐type structure was observed in the spectral range from 5—20 eV. This structure was found to be independent of the production of silicon L1 core holes but dependent on the direction of incidence of the primary electron beam.


Abstract : Pressures along the hull bottom of a 36-ft landing craft, LCP-L MK 4, were measured for a series of speeds and headings in a heavy seaway. The peak slam pressures at selected positions along the hull bottom, as a function of forward speed and heading relative to the waves, are presented. Tests were made in an effort to establish a correlation between full-scale and small-scale slamming studies. (Author)


Concentrations of short-chain aliphatic acid anions (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate) in 95 formation-water samples from 15 oil and gas fields in the San Joaquin Valley, California, and in the Houston and Corpus Christi areas, Texas, show three temperature regimes. The sandstone reservoir rocks range in age from Eocene through Miocene. The aliphatic acid anions of formation waters in zone 1 (subsurface temperatures lower than 80°C) are characterized by concentrations less than 60 mg/L and consist predominantly of propionate. The concentrations of aliphatic acid anions in zone 2 (temperatures 80 to 200°C) are much higher (up to 4,900 mg/L) than in zone 1, and decrease with increasing subsurface temperatures and age of their reservoir rocks; acetate forms more than 90% of the total anions. No aliphatic acid anions are believed present in zone 3, which is based on extrapolation of data in zone 2; the temperatures are higher than 200°C. Microbiologic degradation of acetate and dilution by mixing with meteoric water most probably explain the composition and concentration of aliphatic acid anions in zone 1. The trends in zone 2 and the absence of acid anions in zone 3 are explained by thermal decarboxylation of these acid anions as in the reaction: CH3COO- + H2O^rarrCH4 + HCO3-. Aliphatic acid anions generally contribute more than 50% and up to 100% of the measured alkalinity in the samples of zone 2. Their contribution to the alkalinity in zone 1 is small. Iodide concentrations generally increase with increasing concentrations of aliphatic acid anions, which supports the use of iodide as a good proximity indicator of petroleum. The aliphatic acid anions mainly result from the thermocatalytic degradation of kerogen. We believe that these anions, which are highly soluble, are produced and dissolved in the pore waters of the source rocks and are expelled to the reservoir rocks during dehydration of clays. Decarboxylation of these acid anions to the components of natural gas is believed to occur mainly in the reservoir rocks, thus resolving the difficult problem of explaining the primary migration of natural gas. Evidence for the formation of natural gas from decarboxylation of acid anions is provided by the ^dgrC13 values of total bicarbonate and CH4 and the good correlation between the proportions of these anions in formation waters (94% for acetate, 5% for propionate, and 2% for butyrate) and their decarboxylated gases in the natural gas produced (90% for methane, 5% for ethane, and 2% for propane). Calculations show that the amount of gas that can be generated from the decarboxylation of the reported acid anions is large and apparently adequate to produce the amounts of gas in these fields.


Introduction Isolated premature pubarche (PP) in infancy may be the reason for many diagnostic difficulties. This is due to the low incidence and, therefore, the limited number of studies on this subject and the lack of strict laboratory standards because of the physiological variability of gonadotropic hormone and androgen concentrations during minipuberty. Material and methods We aimed to present current knowledge about PP in infancy based on the literature review and 2 cases of male infants with scrotal hair during minipuberty. Results Isolated hair in the pubic region in a boy during the period of minipuberty requires differential diagnosis. After excluding serious aetiology, it seems to be a mild, self-limiting variant of precocious puberty. The phenomenon is probably a result of increased sensitivity of the hair follicles to transiently increased androgen concentration. Conclusions Isolated pubic hair in infancy as a mild, self-limiting variant of precocious puberty in infants should be a diagnosis of exclusion. The condition resolves spontaneously, but it absolutely requires further follow-up to exclude serious aetiology in the case of puberty progression.


In his Correspondence article (p. 658), Massimo Reconditi discusses an alternative interpretation of previously presented results ([Edman, 2009][1]) concerning the nature of myofilament elasticity in striated muscle. In response to Reconditi ([Reconditi, 2010][2]), I should like to make the


BACKGROUND In developing countries, majority of breast cancer patients present in advanced stage with poor outcomes. In rural parts of India, 50% to 60% of all breast cancer patients have locally advanced disease or distant metastasis at presentation. It is recommended to include CECT abdomen and CECT thorax for metastatic work up of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). This study was done to compare CECT abdomen versus USG abdomen and CECT thorax versus Chest X-Ray respectively in LABC patients for detecting visceral metastasis. METHODS Medical records of patients referred to State Cancer Institute, GMC, from July 2017 to March 2019 were retrieved for analysis. From this data investigations performed for metastatic work up, results, and costs were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of CECT thorax and abdomen were calculated and compared to those of Chest X-Ray (CXR) and Ultrasound abdomen (USG) respectively. Fischer's exact test and Pearson chi square test were used for univariate analysis. McNemar test was used to compare the sensitivities.


This paper is motivated by the result of W. Li, he presents an infinite family of graphs - complements of cycles - which possess a regular monoid. We show that these regular monoids are completely regular. Furthermore, we characterize the regular, orthodox and completely regular endomorphisms of the join of complements of cycles, i.e. (n−3)-regular graph of order n.


This paper reviews the theory of endogenous technology progress and further develops the theory of north-south trade and product cycle proposed by Grossman and Helpman based on the model of Li(2001)、Dinopoulos and Segerstrom(2003).We incorporate the radical innovation in the north and the non-radical innovation in the south together into the north(-south) theory of Dinopoulos and Segerstrom and analyze the inter-action between them.The paper also illustrates the economic impact of policy interference,such as government RD subsidies and intellectual property rights,on innovation and imitation.


Copper, iron, manganese and zinc contents of cereals that consume in Libya were determined and the intakes of these elements in Libyan population were estimated. Selected cereals including wheat and rice which are the most consumed by Libyan population were analysed. Cereal samples were digested by using microwave digestion method with nitric acid and H2O2. Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by ICP-MS instrument. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn intakes were evaluated by estimation of cereal consummation in Libyan population and FAOSTAT data for the period from 1997 to 2007 was used. Intakes (mg/day) of these elements were Cu (2.2), Fe (17.1), Mn (15.8) and Zn (10) for all types of cereals in this study. Both RDA and PMTDI scales were calculated for Libyan cereals. The RDA of Cu and Mnexceeded by 1.5 and 2 fold, respectively. Importantly, Mn intake showed high level of Mnfrom cereals consumption; this demonstrates that Libyan population may exposure to high levels of Mn. The PMTDI % of Mn in this study was estimated to be87.8%for all cereals. This value of Mn can be risk if it is added to concentrations of Mn from other food including vegetables, meat and tea infusion. More study should be done for estimating daily intakes of Cu and Mn in Libyan population for different type of foods. No deficiency of these elements was detected in the current study. Keywards: Libyan cereals, trace elements, ICP-MS, daily intakes, RDA and PMTDI


But this subtitle alerts us to something else, evi-dent also in the essays in this volume. Althoff is a historian with a mission: definitively to banish the shadow of the State and its accompanying toxic language of nationalist power-worship from German medievalism. But necessary as such cultural bomb-disposal may be, its accomplishment comes at a price. It leaves us asking just how much politics, even in high medieval Germany, is omitted and obscured by a viewpoint focused only upon the interpersonal transactions of the gilded few. It leaves us wondering, too, whether Althoff ' s world of high-stakes performativity, in which a summit meeting might be thrown into painfully visible crisis by a spat about seating arrangements, is such an archaic one after all.


We present a surface constitutes arrays of periodic patches, which may serve as the metasurface to synthesize the Luneburg lens. The main purpose is by using different sizes of patches to achieve different refractive index at each stage, and get the proper function of Luneburg lens.


Through interviews with 28 students and 17 mentors from a campus-wide undergraduate research program, common themes in the responses to COVID-19-related impacts were found. Students had to adjust to the type or scope of their research obligations while handling academic responsibilities, and mentors explicitly considered students' well-being above expectations related to research.


Book jacket: From postmodernist and post-philosophical quarters we now hear that philosophy is at the end of its rope, that modern philosophy is just another modernist product which has outlived its usefulness. Whatever the precise merits of the various postmodernist critiques, they have certainly compelled many philosophers to take notice, and to concede that their enterprise has reached an impasse. The essays in this volume mark a new stage in the debate. Though divergent in their philosophical -- or post-philosophical -- standpoints, the authors all share the view that philosophy is at a fateful juncture. Postmodernism, pragmatism, feminism, and historicism are some of the tendencies scrutinized in this wide-ranging symposium on the past, present, and many possible futures of the 'institution of philosophy.'


A rapid and accurate method for the determination of available phosphorus in alkaline soil by molybdenum blue spectrophotometry was established. The alkaline soil samples were extracted by Olsen method. The effects of absorption wavelength, amount of chromogenic agent, amount of reducing agent and colour reaction time on the determination results were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: the maximum absorption wavelength was 700 nm, the amount of chromogenic agent was 1 mL, the amount of reducing agent was 1 mL, and the colour reaction time was 15 min. The linear range of phosphorus concentration was 0.3 μg/mL ~ 1.8 μg/mL, and the recoveries ranged from 88.67 % to 92.17 %. The method is simple, sensitive and accurate.


Coating technology is an area of intense research for food packaging applications. This is because the coating needs to have a high barrier property to preserve the flavours and nutrients of the fo ...


More a syndrome than a disease, as it affects different organs and tissues, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is diagnosed in approximately 1.5 million people in the United States and many more in other countries. Women have a far higher risk of developing SLE, with a woman-to-man ratio of about 10-15:1.[1] Women of black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American backgrounds seem to be more frequently affected than their white peers.

Because diagnosis is frequently made in childbearing age, patients affected by SLE may live with this disease for a long time, and usually experience multiple flare-ups in between the chronic phases, with substantial progression and organ/tissue damage in some cases. Characteristic skin lesions and photosensitivity, glomerulonephritis, and arthritis are among the most frequent manifestations seen in these patients. Because SLE is such a heterogeneous disease, care has, however, to be exercised in correctly identifying its polymorphic manifestations that may also affect fertility, pregnancy, and the central nervous system.[1,2]

Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular events underlying organ damage in SLE, uncertainty still surrounds the ethiopathogenetic mechanisms and the genetic factors leading to the development of this syndrome and to its maintenance. A more thorough understanding of mediators and effectors is expected by all to be of critical importance for yielding substantial clues toward better and more selective treatments for SLE.

Thousands of SLE experts from different medical disciplines and basic sciences convened in New York, NY, for the 7th International Congress on SLE and Related Conditions, to share new research findings and discuss the feasibility and outcomes of different prognostic and therapeutic approaches. This report provides an overview of the kidney disease in SLE patients, as discussed at the conference by nephrologists and rheumatologists, through analysis of epidemiologic data, prognostic factors, the new classification of glomerulonephritis, and current therapeutic options.

More insight in the dysregulation of the B-cell compartment seen in the immune system of SLE patients and novel targeted therapies will be discussed in forthcoming articles.


Modern agriculture relies heavily on use of inorganic fertilizers which not only turns the soil infertile but also has a detrimental impact on the ecosystem stability and sustainability. The research trial was laid to evaluate the effect of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen along with application of biofertilizers yielded significant effect on plant growth, yield, quality and nutrient content of plant as well as fruits.


Metastatic breast cancer is incurable by current therapies including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that tumor-infiltrating macrophages promote establishment of the lethal metastatic foci and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Recent studies suggest that the accumulation of these macrophages is regulated by a chemokine network established in the tumor microenvironment. In this perspective paper, we elaborate on the chemokine signals that can attract monocytes/macrophages to the site of metastasis, and discuss whether inhibition of these chemokine signals can represent a new therapeutic strategy for metastatic breast cancer. © 2015 Z. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


The automatic generation of Chinese fonts is challenging due to the large quantity and complex structure of Chinese characters. When there are insufficient reference samples for the target font, existing deep learning-based methods cannot avoid overfitting caused by too few samples, resulting in blurred glyphs and incomplete strokes. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel deep meta-learning-based font generation method (MLFont) for few-shot Chinese font generation, which leverages existing fonts to improve the generalization capability of the model for new fonts. Existing deep meta-learning methods mainly focus on few-shot image classification. To apply meta-learning to font generation, we present a meta-training strategy based on Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) and a task organization method for font generation. The meta-training makes the font generator easy to fine-tune for new font generation tasks. Through random font generation tasks and extraction of glyph content and style separately, the font generator learns the prior knowledge of character structure in the meta-training stage, and then quickly adapts to the generation of new fonts with a few samples by fine-tuning of adversarial training. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with more complete strokes and less noise in the generated character images.


Introduction The U.S. Census Bureau reported 1,076,872 Koreans residing in the United States as of April 1, 2000 (http://www.census.gov). These are the respondents who identified themselves as "Korean alone." If those who reported themselves as "Korean in combination with other Asian or other race" are added, the total amounts to 1,228,427. The figures for mixed-heritage persons belonging to two or more ethnic and/or racial groups should be used with caution, especially for comparative analysis, because categories containing these individuals are not mutually exclusive. For this reason, in this analysis the "Korean alone" population figure was mainly used.1


Effect of cooling rate and annealing time on mechanical properties and microstructure of low-carbon steel butt-welded joints was studied in this paper. Results indicated that the cooling rate will increase the amount of martensite which will reduce the weldability of the dual phase steel. The low-carbon percentage enables water to be as a suitable quenching medium for production of the dual phase steel with better weldability than the quenching medium of a salt solution. The results also indicated that the increased an nealing time causes growth of the austenite grain size without touching on its amount. Annealing for a stop of more than 10 minutes produces a structure of polygonized ferrite-martensite, while annealing for 10 minutes or less the structure will be polygonized ferrite-pearlaite with a small amount of martensite. Having in mind that the weldability depends upon the quantity of the martensite phase its distribution inside the ground substance. The volume fraction of martensite increase in its size decreases with increases the rate of cooling. Cooling in salt solution causes high hardness and reduced toughness, while cooling in water produced better weldability of dual phase steel concerning strength, hard ness and toughness. In annealing for 10 minutes or less, the structure of the steel will be polygonized ferrite-martensite-pearlite, while annealing for a period more than 10 minutes produced a structure composed of polygonized ferrite-martensite. Increasing the period, results growth of austenite grains, which leads to coarse martensite after quenching, causing unbrittlement. The optimize weldability of dual phase steel was at annealing for 15 minutes.


Summary The ITU-T (formerly known as CCITT), in its specification of the SS7 protocol, describes a number of alternatives for congestion control. In particular, we study the sojourn-time statistics and the trigering behavior of two congestion control schemes which are employed in SS7 networks. Numerical results of the investigation are presented and discussed.


Catalytic epoxidation of olefins by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an electronegatively-substituted iron porphyrin complex yielded epoxide products in acetonitrile solution. An iron(III) hydroperoxide porphyrin complex was proposed as a reactive intermediate responsible for the olefin epoxidations.


Abstract 377

Hemophilia B represents a promising model for the development of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors-based gene therapeutics. In the first clinical trial for AAV serotype 2 mediated gene transfer of Factor IX (F.IX) to the liver of severe hemophilia B subjects, transgene expression was short-lived with a gradual decline of F.IX levels. The loss of transgene expression was accompanied by a transient transaminitis, which we hypothesized to be the result of the reactivation of a pool of capsid-specific memory CD8+ T cells originated from a previous exposure to wild-type AAV. These results were unanticipated since previous work in small and large animal models showed that AAV administration is uneventful, allowing prolonged expression of F.IX transgene at therapeutic levels. We developed an in vitro cytotoxicity assay using a human hepatocyte cell line expressing HLA-B*0702, a common MHC class I allele for which the AAV capsid immunodominant epitope VPQYGYLTL was identified. Using this model, we demonstrated that HLA-matched AAV-specific effector CD8+ T cells were able to lyse target hepatocytes transduced with AAV-2. We now use this in vitro model of CTL killing of AAV-transduced hepatocytes to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel strategy to circumvent undesirable immune response through the engagement of regulatory T cells. A recently characterized MHC Class II-restricted T cell epitope (Tregitope) in the Fc fragment of IgG has been shown to induce regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo (Blood, 2008; 112: 3303-3311). AAV-specific HLA-B*0702 effector cells expanded in the presence of a human Tregitope peptide resulted in 79% to 89% inhibition of cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed and AAV-transduced target cells, respectively. These results were confirmed using PBMCs from 5 different donors. A similar degree of inhibition of CTL activity was observed for the HLA allele A*0101, which binds to the AAV-derived epitope SADNNNSEY; co-culture of effector cells with the Tregitope inhibited CTL-mediated killing by 60%. Interestingly, the same Tregitope efficiently mediated suppression of CTL activity in subjects carrying different HLA alleles, indicating a high level of promiscuity of Tregitope binding. Staining for the regulatory T cell markers CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 supported the hypothesis that Tregitopes suppress T cell responses by expanding regulatory T cells; 62.2% of the CD4+ population stained positive for CD25 and FoxP3 in PBMCs expanded against AAV epitopes in the presence of Tregitope, compared with PBMCs expanded against an AAV epitope alone (3.63%), or against an AAV epitope and an irrelevant control peptide (1.94%). Polyfunctional analysis for markers for T cell activation showed that CD8+ T cells incubated in the presence of Tregitope had an approximately 5-fold decrease in production of IL-2 and IFN-γand a 2-fold reduction in TNF-α production, indicating levels of activation close to naive CD8+ T cells. We further characterized the mechanism of action of Tregitopes by showing that Tregitopes are required at the time of CD8+ T cell priming, as CTL activity of AAV-expanded CD8+ T cells against transduced hepatocytes was not inhibited by the CD4+ T cell fraction of PBMC expanded separately in vitro with Tregitopes only. We conclude that the use of Tregitopes represents a promising strategy for antigen-specific, Treg-mediated modulation of capsid-specific T cell responses.

Disclosures: Martin: EpiVax: Employment. De Groot: EpiVax, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership.


The dental esthetic could be the result of a combination of odontology specialties in those patients whose dental esthetic could be affected. The line of work in these cases consists on combining all therapeutic procedures for achieving a functional rehabilitation; principally, esthetic. This research is based on the presentation of an


Saccharomyces cerevisiae possess four homologous genes encoding Progestin Adiponectin Receptors. Due to their proposed involvement in zinc homeostasis, these genes were named as IZH1‐4 (Implicated in Zinc Homeostasis). One of these genes, IZH2, encodes the recently identified osmotin receptor.


The synthesis of benzannulated spiroketals by a double intramolecular hydroalkoxylation reaction of o-(hydroxyalkynyl)benzyl alcohols under indium(III) catalysis is reported. The reaction proceeds, under mild reaction conditions, using low catalyst loading...


Objective To evaluate the relationship between tumor marker over-expression and prognosis of the colorectal cancer(CRC) in Dukes A/B stage.Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens of 65 cases of CRC were collected to evaluate abnormal expression of CD44V6,MMP-2,COX-2,EGF,EGFR and VEGF using the method of immunhistochemistry(IHC).The differences of 5-year recurrence and metastasis rates between positive expression group and negative group and the differences of prognosis affected by multitude tumor markers overexpression in the colorectal cancer were compared.Results In Dukes A/B stage,the 5-year recurrence rates were 30.9%,38.1% and 27.5% in the positive expression groups and was 8.3%,8.8% and 11.8% in the negative groups of CD44V6,EGF and EGFR respectively.In Dukes A/B stage,the more the positive tumor markers,the higher the possibility of the 5-year recurrence rate and the lower the 5-year survival rate.Conclusions The tumor markers CD44V6,EGF and EGFR were the prognostic indicators of CRC in Dukes A/B stage.Moreover,In Dukes A/B stage,the more the positive tumor markers,the higher the possibility of the 5-year recurrence rate and the lower the 5-year survival rate.


Distributed Key Generation (DKG) is an extensively researched topic as it is fundamental to threshold cryptosystems. Emerging technologies such as blockchains benefit massively from applying threshold cryptography in consensus protocols, randomness beacons, and threshold signatures. However, blockchains and smart contracts also enable further improvements of DKG protocols by providing a decentralized computation and communication platform. For that reason, we propose a DKG protocol that uses smart contracts to ensure the correct execution of the protocol, allow dynamic participation, and provide crypto-economic incentives to encourage honest behavior. The DKG protocol uses a dispute and key derivation mechanism based on Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs) to reduce the costs of applying smart contracts by moving the computations off-chain, where the smart contract only verifies the correctness of the computation.


This article discusses the concepts of complex systems as a collection of various scientific concepts related to each other utility-oriented knowledge of certain problems and correlated with each other as an individual, special and general, as well as the specifics of their use in the educational process.


6-Benzylaminopurine and α-naphthaleneacetic acid each stimulate inulase and invertase activities in Cichorium intybus, although these two hormones induce different organ formations. Unlike auxin, however, cytokinin allows a partial elaboration of sucrose reserves without changing callus growth. Furthermore, addition of an external source of glucose inhibits inulase and invertase activities, which results in an increase in sugar reserves (sucrose and starch) in the bulky callus. This activity differs from that observed with α-naphthaleneacetic acid, which is characterized by an increase in protein synthesis and water absorption in the tissues. Root initiation also requires additional sugars with α-naphthaleneacetic acid; gibberellic acid improves these results by promoting the catabolism of external sugars rather than a conversion into tissue reserves. Key words: organogenesis, Cichorium intybus, carbohydrates, in vitro cultures.


In this paper, the author studies the meromorphic functions that share four values, and makes three estimation for their characferistic functions and counting functions for the four values.


Introduction Acute cholecystitis is the most frequent complication in patients with cholelithiasis. The 1-2% of patients with asymptomatic gallstones and the 1-3% with mild/moderate symptoms present annually acute episodes (acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, severe jaundice, 1-3 pancreatitis) or complications . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy represents the gold standard of treatment even for acute forms in which is reported a higher conversion rate.


The Authors present generalised results of a study of the principal particulars of large LNG carriers. The study showed that the majority of ships of this type have: (a) steam turbine propulsion, with the possibility of burning evaporated LNG cargo as an additional source of heat for propulsion; and (b) a configuration fo cargo tanks consisting of either five spherical tanks or six membrane tanks. The article concentrates on the ships to which points (a) and (b) apply. Empirical formulae are developed for the weight of the steam propulsion plant in terms of propulsive power and ship displacement; the quantity of fuel required for a voyage in terms of propulsive power, calorific value of the fuel oil, volumetric capacity of cargo tanks, length of voyage, ship speed, and certain other factors (which are defined); and the minimum permissible quantity of fuel oil to be carried on the assumption that, in a given voyage, it will not be possible to use the LNG cargo for propulsion and that, consequently, the ship speed will be reduced. On the basis of these formulae and a computer algorithm (shown in simplified block form, and utilising sub-routines already developed for determining ship particulars from given input data), calculations of ship dimensions were carried out for methane carriers assuming a wide range of ship speeds and cargo capacities. The results are shown in comparison with the dimensions of a number of actual ships, as a check on the methodology here developed. It is concluded that this methodology is reliable enough to be used in the preliminary design stages of new methane carriers.


Over the years, the Internet of Things(IoT) has been gaining popularity and is being used everywhere. The IoT has its applications extended to almost every area of technology. Though it is being used everywhere, security issues have been a major problem even in the field of IoT. One such issue is the identity theft attack. At times when companies or organizations are in a rush to get the IoT devices to market, they sometimes leave the devices unsecured and these are easily prone to security attacks. Hackers can get access to the personal information of the users and can create fake identities and hack the devices. To reduce these sorts of identity thefts, biometrics can come into play since biometrics remain unique to each person and cannot be copied by others. Biometrics comprise of fingerprints, iris, retina, face recognition, DNA, palm print etc. In this paper, an analysis of the possible biometric solutions for the problem is made and one feasible and appropriate solution is implemented. After a complete analysis, a fingerprint-based identification and authentication model is implemented in this work. This model can prevent the IoT devices from getting hacked or can make them less prone to security attacks like Identity Theft.


A pre-bias on-and-off circuit, and a circuit and a method for pre-biasing a multi-cascade converter. The pre-bias on-and-off circuit (500) comprises a detection module and a control module. The detection module is connected to an output terminal of the multi-cascade converter and is set to detect an output signal of the multi-cascade converter. The control module is connected to a pull-push circuit (200) of the multi-cascade converter and is set to generate a pre-bias signal when the output signal is a pre-set output signal according to the detected output signal, and controls a rectifier tube of the pull-push circuit to drive the on-and-off circuit by utilizing the pre-bias signal. The pre-bias on-and-off circuit determines whether there is a need to perform pre-biasing to switch on and off by detecting the output signal of the multi-cascade converter, which can be easily realized and the entry point control is precise, so that the problem of a device being damaged due to an excessive inverse current of a freewheel switching tube caused by the pre-bias voltage of a load is solved, and the output voltage collapse of the converter is also prevented.


To analyze the operating orders in distribution network with multi-power supply and prevent mal-operation, the topological analysis algorithm and the logic-based analysis algorithm are proposed in this paper. In the topological analysis algorithm, the procedures of opening and closing breakers, isolating switches, and grounding device are expounded, which are based on the topological information of distribution network. In the logic-based analysis algorithm, the operating orders are analyzed according the collocated logical expressions. It needs abundant of artificial information, but it has strong ability to express. The experimental results show these algorithms can determine the simulating operation orders in short response time.


Thermal indices in relation to crop phenology and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in the south Gujarat region. Field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016 at Research and Instructional Farm of Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) for two different variety under different thermal environment varied considerably from sowing to maturity. Higher GDD, PTUE, HTUE and EDUE was observed under 18 June (D1) in varieties GNR-3 and NAUR-1. Lowest GDD, PTUE and HTUE was observed under 28 June (D2) in both variety. In south Gujarat region, rice is grown mostly under irrigated condition. Late sown rice crop faces high temperature during grain filling and ripening phases which is one of the most important factor which govern the crop phonological development and total biomass production along with efficient conversion of biomass into economic yield.


This article deals with the problems of the soil cover disturbance and contamination at oil field construction. It provides a description of the set of measures aimed at ensuring the soil protection at the construction of industrial facilities at oil fields. The research object was the soil located at the interface of the wooded tundra and the southern tundra. This soil is characterized by the peculiar features that are determined by the certain commonality of the climate, as well as the similarity of the landscape evolution. The work included studying the content of the polluting matters in the tundra marshy and alluvial soddy soil located at the interface of the wooded tundra and southern tundra. The article contains a detailed analysis of the measures aimed at decreasing the impact on the soil cover during the construction of approach ways to valve stations and line facilities. The measures on the reliability and safety improvement of the pipeline operation, preservation of the stream conditions, the measures aimed at the prevention and minimization of the negative impact on the geological environment, and the measures for farsighted use and protection of soil quarries (sand and turf) have also been considered.


The present study was conducted to examine the effect of tea-party strategy on introverted and extroverted EFL learners' vocabulary achievement. In order to accomplish the objective of the study an Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) test was administered to 90 female learners, this test categorized them into two subgroups (47 extroverted and 43 introverted); Then a Preliminary English Test (PET) was administrated to these 90 participants and 60 participants (30 introverted, 30 extroverted) were selected for the study. A piloted vocabulary researcher-made test was also administered as the pretest and posttest. To test the null hypothesis, two paired sample t-test and one independent t-test were conducted and the null hypothesis was rejected. This study revealed the significant advantage of using tea-party technique to improve the level of language proficiency of both extroverted and introverted learners. Furthermore, the results showed that the extroverted group outperformed the introverted group in learning vocabulary.


Point-based scanning is commonly used for 3D data acquisition. Applications can simply adopt a point cloud representation avoiding the computational complexity of connectivity construction. Despite many state-of-the-art algorithms discussing point cloud representation and rendering, research on dynamic point cloud visualization and interaction still lacks sufficient attention. We propose a time series hierarchy for interactive rendering of dynamic point-based 3D models. The synchronization of spatio-temporal attributes in the hierarchy makes this structure novel. A balanced hierarchy together with a compact quantization encoding scheme, results in higher precision, efficient memory usage and responsive user interaction. This representation provides smooth visualization of dense dynamic point-based models, in long sequences of 3D frames, at interactive frame rates and quality rendering, which can be displayed on regular desktops or mobile devices in either single-view or multi-view mode. A prototype system is implemented to validate the feasibility of our approach.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of similarity measure of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, propose a kind of new method to describe entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy set based on similarity measure of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and put forward some formulas to calculate entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy set.


In the frame of the TRANSALP project, this investigation addresses the thermobarometry of the crystalline basement nappes in the area to the northwest of the Tauern Window between the Zillertal in the East and the northern part of the Brenner Basis Tunnel line. The units to be studied in the course of investigation are the Innsbruck Quartzphyllite (IQP), the Kellerjochgneiss (KG) and the Patscherkofel Crystalline (PC) (Fig. 1). The Innsbruck Quartzphyllite and the Kellerjochgneiss show a polymetamorphic evolution with a pre-Alpine metamorphic overprint (Variscan and/or Permian) and a pervasive Eo-Alpine overprint under low to high greenschist facies conditions (PIBER, 2002). The Patscherkofel Crystalline shows evidence for a strong Variscan amphibolite facies overprint and also a pervasive Eo-Alpine overprint under low to high greenschist facies conditions.


Two influences that are continually upsetting "normal" price relationships are inventions and chemical discoveries. Historians still speak in awed tones of the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century. Future students will probably point out that developments of the early twentieth century are of even greater significance. The development of the truck and the aeroplane have revolutionized railroad rates. Discovery of coal-tar dyes threatened the prosperity of a million-acre indigo industry in India, and an even greater upheaval will result if synthetic rubber becomes commercially profitable. In 1926 nitrate producers of Chile petitioned for a lower export tax to meet competition from air-fixed nitrates, and the Japanese camphor monopoly twice cut its prices because of synthetic camphor made in France and Germany. Rayon, made from wood or vegetablefiber, has stimulated the demand for the natural textiles, in some lines, because it is used in conjunction with them; but in others, it threatens to replace not only wool and cotton, but silk as well. Without artificial leather the automobile industry would have been tremendously handicapped in providing tops and seat covers, and the discovery of synthetic lacquer and varnish has meant tremendous savings in both time and money. Any program designed to stabilize either industry or prices must take into consideration both chemical discoveries and inventions, for they not only benefit the consumer by lowering prices, but also threaten the existence of established industries. It has not been possible to secure an article dealing with inventions, but the following paper by Dr. Weidlein provides a comprehensive picture of the changes that have taken place in industry as a result of chemical discoveries.-EDIToR.


With the advancement of microscopy technologies in recent years, and the reasonable availability of instruments, researchers can acquire an impressive amount of information at the micro and nano scales. Neutron diffraction is not suitable for imaging small details. However, it is relatively straightforward with neutron diffraction to obtain the volume fractions of phases [1], crystallite orientation distribution functions [2] and the evolution of microstructures under load [3,4] or at elevated temperatures, to complement the understanding of phenomena deduced from microscopy techniques. For specimens that require complex environments to exhibit their relevant responses (e.g. some combination of pressure, temperature, hydration or chemical stress), neutron diffraction may be the only practical method to obtain any microstructure information [5]. This paper will review two examples where neutron diffraction measurements suggested novel ideas about microstructure evolution, and pointed the way for subsequent investigation by microscopy methods.


Criminologists have suggested that Latinos differ from Southern Whites in their views of violence. A sample of 1,429 Texans indicated whether they agreed that violence deserves a violent response, whether violence is necessary to prevent future violence, and whether people have a right to kill in defense of self or family. Controlling for other factors, Latinos and African Americans were more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to disagree about the need for violence in preventing future harm and the right to self-defense. Less-acculturated Latinos, indicated by whether they took the survey in Spanish, were the least supportive of violence. Despite having roots in a so-called "culture of honor," Latino immigrants, as well as those who are U.S. citizens, have distinct views on violence.


Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related mortality. A better understanding of the cascade of molecular and immune events underlying evolution during tumor progression and metastasis may help develop new strategies to prevent and treat metastasis more effectively.
 Methods: In this study, we utilized two mouse models of metastatic lung cancer: a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) with mutant Kras and Trp53 (KP, KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53fl/fl), which forms lung adenocarcinoma with high metastatic potential, and a syngeneic model using cell lines derived from the metastatic KP_GEMMs that faithfully develop lung metastases. Paired samples of the primary tumor, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lung and subcutaneous tumors were serially collected at different time points (pre-metastatic, early-metastatic, and late-metastatic phases) and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), scTCR/BCR-seq, and spatial gene expression by using 10X Genomics (Visium).
 Results: ScRNA analysis revealed large-scale comprehensive longitudinal changes in cell components throughout the invasion and metastasis cascade, which was validated by spatial gene expression. Furthermore, analysis of Visium data deduces the spatial information of these dynamic changes. We found that NK and B cells from both the lung tissues and PBMC mainly participated in the early-metastatic stage and vanished in the late-metastatic phase. We also identified a subset of tumor-associated Tregs (TA_Tregs) that existed in small amounts in the lung tissue in the pre-metastatic phase and greatly expanded in the late-metastatic phase. These cells were characterized by high expression of Treg-associated suppressive genes (Tnfrsf9, Tnfrsf4, Tnfrsf18, Traf1, Nfkbia), inhibitory molecules (Ikzf2, Il2ra, Tight, Pdcd1), cytokines and chemokines (Ccr5, Ccr8, Ccl5, Cxcr6) and other Treg effector molecules (Id2, Hif1a, Rora, Il1r2, Itgav, Stat1, Icos, Areg). The scTCR-seq results and trajectory analysis revealed the TA_Tregs might derive from minor clones of lung resident Tregs (LR_Tregs) and play an active role in remodeling an immunosuppressive microenvironment by closely interacting with other cell components in the TME.
 Conclusion: By simultaneously characterizing cellular gene expression, immune repertoires, and their corresponding spatial information, we revealed the dynamic changes of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) during tumor progression and metastasis at single-cell resolution. The TIME of metastatic organs may be primed before the establishment of metastasis. Treatment targeting these molecular and immune events during pre- and early metastatic phases may provide a novel avenue to prevent metastasis of lung cancer.
 Citation Format: Yanhua Tian, Jian-Rong Li, Bo Zhu, Jared Fradette, Hong Chen, Chenyang Li, Sijia Cui, Daniel Kraushaar, Junya Fujimoto, Leticia Rodriguez, Luisa Maren Solis Soto, Alexandre Reuben, Ignacio Wistuba, Don Gibbons, Cheng Chao, Jianjun Zhang. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling reveal the cascade of immune events during progression and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1300.


In three experiments, we examined whether group-affirmation reduces prejudice against outgroups. In Experiments 1 and 2, White participants completed a test of abilities then were assigned to one of three affirmation conditions. Participants either received positive feedback about their ingroup's performance, positive feedback about their personal performance, or no feedback. Participants then provided judgments toward Blacks. Across both experiments, participants who received the ingroup performance feedback expressed the lowest levels of anti-Black prejudice, but Experiment 2 indicated this effect was limited to strongly White-identified participants. In Experiment 3, we used a different group-affirmation procedure (writing about American values) and outgroup target (Middle Easterners). Among strongly American-identified participants, those who explained why a value was important for Americans expressed lower levels of prejudice against Middle Easterners compared to those in a control condition. We suggest that affirming one's group—or social identity—can serve as a beneficial resource in the domain of prejudice.


Thequantity ofstreptococcal cell walllocalized inthejoints ofratsofstrains whichare either susceptible (Sprague-Dawley, LEW/N,M520/N) or resistant (Buffalo, WKY/N,F344/N) tocell wall-induced chronic erosive arthritis was measured after intraperitoneal injection ofgroup A streptococcal cell wallfragments. Susceptibility orresistance was notassociated with adifference intheamountofcell walllocalized inlimbs or other tissues. Itisconcluded thatalthough localization ofcell wallinjoint tissue isessential fordevelopment ofarthritis, therelative resistance ofcertain ratstrains reflects genetic regulation ofinflammatory response rather than a quantitative difference inlocalization ofcell wallinjoints.


Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Islam during the Anglo-Saxon period 3. Anglo-Saxon contacts with Islam 4. Arabs and Arabia in Latin 5. Ismaelites and Saracens in Latin 6. Arabs, Ismaelites and Saracens in early Anglo-Latin 7. Pseudo-Methodius and the sons of Ismael 8. Arabs, Ismaelites and Saracens in Old English 9. Persisting theories about Saracens in post-Conquest England 10. Conclusions Bibliography Index.


The overall picture of change effectiveness is rather gloomy. The change environment presented in terms of two general dimensions: power distance and uncertainty. The authors revealed and described the four generic change failures: leadership failure, negotiation failure, registration failure and action-planning failure. In conclusion the authors presents three major reasons for change failures: fail to see that their environment is changing; fail to apply the right strategies in view of the organizational environment so even the correct assessment of the environment and the selection of the correct strategy can lead to change failure.


Quantum correlations in composite and separable quantum systems are characterized by non-vanishing quantum discord. We demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of hermitian witness operators for quantum discord, bypassing the problem of non-convexity of the set of all classical states. We propose an example of a linear witness which can detect quantum correlations in large classes of separable bipartite systems. Decomposition of the witness in terms of a small number of locally measurable operators as shown here, paves the way for experimental detection of quantum correlations beyond entanglement.


Variations in snow density and bond strength throughout a seasonal snow pack play a major role in the formation of avalanches. Various mechanisms and techniques have been developed for analyzing the snow pack to identify weak layers and determine stability. The Swiss ramsonde is a metal rod with a 4 cm diameter cone tip, driven vertically through the snow by mechanical hammer. It is used to measure snow hardness through a vertical examination of the snowpack without the need to dig a pit. The thin-blade penetrometer is a snow hardness gauge used to digitally measure the force required to rupture bonds and grain structure in a snow pack. The device uses a 10 cm wide, 0.6 mm thick stainless steel blade attached to a digital push-pull gauge that measures the force required to horizontally penetrate the wall of a snow pit. The ram generates a more generalized profile of the snowpack than the thin-blade. The ram was observed to miss thin layers of soft snow that are highly relevant to the formation of avalanches. A comparison of these two devices was completed during the winter of 2012/13 in the central Colorado Mountains. An examination of snow stratigraphy was used to determine the snow layers captured with each instrument. Extended column tests were performed in some pits to identify potential crack propagation pathways in the snow pack and determine correlation with both the ram and thin-blade snow stratigraphy tests.


A unique, compact, multipurpose antenna system capable of operating in three frequency bands is described. Design techniques and empirical data are presented. Illustrations and performance characteristics of each antenna and the composite assembly are given. The overall antenna system performance is very satisfactory. Each portion of the system shows high gain and good radiation pattern and voltage-standing-wave-ratio characteristics. Measured data presented show that the interaction between antennas due to their close proximity is minimal. Results indicate that the design concept is good and satisfies the demands of many sophisticated radar systems.


The vector combination \overrightarrow{M}=(\frac{\mu}{\epsilon})^{1/4} \overrightarrow{H} + j (\frac {\epsilon}{\mu})^{1/4} \overrightarrow{E} which was in principle introduced by Bateman and Silberstein in order to shorten Maxwell's equations for homogeneous media, also proves to be useful for the treatment of inhomogeneous media \epsilon and \mu not depending on the time). The vector M\rightarrow is to be considered together with its conjugated quantity M^{x}\rightarrow obtained by replacing the imaginary unit j by -j . In a source-free medium the Maxwell equations reduce to curl \overrightarrow{M} + \frac{j}{c} (\epsilon \mu)^{1/2}\partial \overrightarrow{M}/ \partial^{f} = \frac{1}{4} grad \log \frac{\mu}{epsilon} \wedge \overrightarrow{M}^{x} and to the equation obtained by taking the conjugated complex value. This relation shows how an interaction between M\rightarrow and M^{x}\rightarrow is produced only by the inhomogeneity of the medium. The theory of scattering by special volume elements, as well as that of partial reflections against layers with rapidly changing \epsilon and \mu , can be based on the single relation (1) while fully accounting for the vectorial character of the field, The introduction of M\rightarrow and M^{x}\rightarrow also enables one to put many results of Luneberg-Kline's theory concerning asymptotic developments in a very simple form. As an example we mention the equation: grad S \wedge \overrightarrow{m}_{r} - i_r \mu)^{1/2}m_{r} = c curl \overrightarrow {m_{r-1}} - \frac{c}{\epsilon} grad \log \frac{\mu}{\epsilon} \wedge \overrightarrow {m_{r-1^{x}}} , which fixes all recurrence relations between the consecutive terms of geometric-optical expansions; these expansions are defined by the asymptotic development \overrightarrow{M} =e^{ik^{s}} \Sigma \min{r=0} \max{\infty}(\frac{i}{kc))^{r} \overrightarrow {m_{r}} , for monochromatic solutions corresponding to some eiconal function S .


We study stochastic choice as the outcome of deliberate randomization. We derive a general representation of a stochastic choice function where stochasticity allows the agent to achieve from any set the maximal element according to her underlying preferences over lotteries. We show that in this model stochasticity in choice captures complementarity between elements in the set, and thus necessarily implies violations of Regularity/Monotonicity, one of the most common properties of stochastic choice. This feature separates our approach from other models, e.g., Random Utility. (JEL D80, D81)


For incomplete information system,this paper first analyzed the limitation of traditional rough entropy and correla- tive knowledge reduction algorithm,redefined the incomplete entropy by introducing a probability computing formula,which could describe the uncertainty of knowledge more precisely,and then used rough entropy and new incomplete entropy to define attribute significance.Accordingly,this paper offered optimized algorithm for reduction of knowledge,of which time complexi- ty was polynomial.It proves that the algorithm is more effective than traditional approach through example analysis.


Two forms of adrenodoxin reductase, differing in isoelectric properties and thermal stability, have been highly purified from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. Both preparations appear to be homogeneous based upon polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and ion-exchange chromatography. Both are monomeric proteins containing one FAD per molecule (Mr 50000) and exhibit spectra typical of flavoproteins. The two preparations are indistinguishable by their amino acid compositions and N-terminal (serine) and C-ter- minal (leucine) amino acids, but reveal distinct sugar contents. Electrophoretic mapping of the protease digests of the two preparations indicates that the two have identical, or closely similar, primary structures.

Each form functions equally as an adrenodoxin-dependent electron transport component from NADPH to the P-450 cytochromes in the two different reconstituted steroid monooxygenase systems which catalyze cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction and steroid 11β-(18-)hydroxylase reaction, respectively. In all adrenodoxin reductase- containing fractions from adrenal cortex so far examined, i.e. the soluble fraction, and the sonic-solubilized and detergent-solubilized mitochondrial fractions, a constant ratio of about 2:5 between the two forms is found as judged by the DEAE-cellulose chromatogram. No evidence has been obtained for mutual conversion of the two forms of the reductase, or for dissociation of the sugar moiety during the purification process and under various conditions examined.


This paper aims to highlight distinctive features of the "SP theory of intelligence" and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. The theory is outlined in an appendix. The distinctive features and advantages are summarised: simplification and integration of observations and concepts, and of structures and processes in computing systems; the SP theory is itself a theory of computing; a central role for information compression via the matching and unification of patterns, and for multiple alignment; transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge; the discovery of 'natural' structures via information compression (DONSVIC); interpretation of aspects of mathematics; interpretation of phenomena in human perception and cognition; realisation of abstract concepts in terms of neurons and their inter-connections ("SP-neural"). Distinctive features and advantages of the SP system compared with alternatives in: minimum length encoding and related concepts; deep learning in neural networks; universal search; Bayesian networks and other models for AI; analysis and production of natural language; learning natural language; exact and inexact reasoning; representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge; IBM's Watson; problems associated with big data, and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots. In conclusion, a major strength of SP system is that it can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI and, at the same time, it may deliver some benefits and applications on relatively short timescales. It is envisaged that a high-parallel, open-source version of the SP machine will be created, hosted on an existing high-performance computer and derived from the existing SP computer model. This will be a means for researchers everywhere to explore what can be done with the system, and to create new versions of it.


The aim of this study was to analyze the meanings and experiences of early contact and breastfeeding of the postpartum women admitted at a Baby-Friendly Hospital. It is a descriptive, exploratory study, with qualitative approach, that was developed in a teaching hospital in the Northwest of Parana state between November 2011 and January 2012, involving the participation of 16 postpartum women. Data were collected by means of non-participant systematic observation of the childbirths and semi-structured interview. The data collected were analyzed using the thematic content analysis. The results revealed that, soon after childbirth, the child-mother binomial provided the woman with a unique experience, triggering various sensations into the bio-psycho-social-cultural context of each one of the mothers, with feelings and meanings that favored the mother-child bond and the outset of breastfeeding. DESCRIPTORS: Mother-child relations. Breast feeding. Humanization of assistance. Nursing.


The application of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in humanitarian demining labors presents two major challenges: (1) the development of affordable and practical systems to detect metallic and non-metallic antipersonnel (AP) landmines under different conditions, and (2) the development of accurate soil characterization techniques to evaluate soil properties effects and determine the performance of these GPR-based systems. In this paper, we present a new integrated approach for characterizing electromagnetic (EM) properties of mine-affected soils and detecting landmines using a low cost hand-held vector network analyzer (VNA) connected to a highly directive antenna. Soil characterization is carried out using the radar-antenna-subsurface model of Lambot et al.1 and full-wave inversion of the radar signal focused in the time domain on the surface reflection. This methodology is integrated to background subtraction (BS) and migration to enhance landmine detection. Numerical and laboratory experiments are performed to show the effect of the soil EM properties on the detectability of the landmines and how the proposed approach can ameliorate the GPR performance.


After dust removal,blast furnace clean gas contains moisture brought by raw material,blast furnace air and dust removal(wet process).The moisture not only reduces the gas caloric value,but also accelerates pipeline corrosion,and decreases service life of gas equipment.In terms of gas dehumidifying research results,some gas dehumidifying plans are raised,for example,dehydration by wire mesh,primary condensation,deep condensation and solution adsorption method.In the steel plant,gas dehumidifying has the advantage of energy saving,consumption reducing,prolonging service life of pipeline and gas equipment,and it also has obvious social benefit.


Traditional voltage flicker detection is based on the exact extraction of the envelope.The process is complex and the computational burden is heavy.Application of time-domain convolution in estimation of voltage flicker is proposed in this paper.It decomposes the flicker signal into the interharmonic signal by trigonometric function.A time-frequency filter is designed and negative half-axis frequency of the flicker signal is restrained with Hilbert transform.The frequencies,amplitudes and phases of any order harmonics and interharmonics are obtained directly by means of time domain convolution.The frequencies,amplitudes and phases of the flicker signal are obtained by the signal transform equations.According to the flicker signal polluted by the interharmonic,the testing results are the same as ones.The simulation indicates that it is easy and fast to estimate the parameters by detecting the flicker signal directly.Time-domain convolution method is insensitive to noise and has improved the estimation precision,therefore,it is suitable for real-time detection.


In the Timaeus, Timaeus, having affirmed that creation is mixed, being made up of necessity and mind, proposed to renew the inquiry concerning the universe, having implored God to bring him to the haven of probability. In the earlier inquiry, he tells us, two classes had sufficed-the unchanging intelligible patterns and the generated and visible imitations of the patterns. But now the argument requires a third factor. This is the receptacle, and is in a way the nurse of all generation. The receptacle of form, which is to receive all forms, should have no form. It is then not to be identified with earth or fire or water or air. It is an invisible and formless being which receives all things and in some mysterious way partakes of the nature of the intelligible and is most incomprehensible. Now whether or not Timaeus solved the problem he set before himself, he seems to me to have expressed a train of inquiry of persistent interest to the metaphysician. It is doubtful that modern physical science has solved Timaeus' problem. It seems to me that it has at least illuminated it. I propose, in this essay, to deal speculatively with the question: what interest have the constants of physics for the metaphysician? In so doing, it is proposed to consider some historical questions concerning matter and prime matter. It is regrettable that the term matter should have become a part of the terminology of physical science. To avoid confusion in what follows terms such as corporeal and corporeality rather than matter and materiality, will be used in reference to the enterprises of the physical sciences. It is herein assumed that the traditional term, matter, in the sense of prime matter, represents a factor in metaphysical analysis that persists throughout the history of thought, whatever words, such as receptacle with Timaeus, have been used to designate this factor. The term matter will be used in the sense of prime matter, or, at any rate, in a sense similar to its meaning in many historical systems.


The paper gives a short survey of the tire friction models for pure longitudinal motion, and presents a dynamic tire model based on the LuGre friction model. The proposed tire friction model represents a modification of the original model developed in [1]. However, it is unfortunate that the paper does not adequately refer to [2–5], where the key modifications and extensions needed to obtain a correct tire friction model have already been proposed. This is elaborated in the following points.


The stereochemistry of 6-bromo-7-oxo derivatives of diterpenoids possessing an aromatic ring c is discussed. Nan-stereospecific bromination of 7-oxo diterpenoids occurs for compounds with an unactivated aromatic ring provided that no methoxycarbonyl substituent is at C 4. It also occurs for a C 19 acetate providing an activating substituent is present at C 12, but not for compounds with a C 4 methoxycarbonyl group even if they possess a C 12 activating substituent. The assignment of configuration of 6-bromo substituents from nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear Overhauser effect data is examined and limitations to the use of optical rotatory dispersion curves are discussed.


The Joliot-Curies made the first artificial radioisotope ($sup 30$P) by bombarding aluminum with alpha particles. The development of the cyclotron and other high-energy particle accelerators in the early 1930's led to the production of numerous radioisotopes in measurable quantities. By the beginning of the 1950's, with the abundant neutron fluxes available at the U. S. Atomic Commission reactors, radioisotopes of many species really became abundant. Naturally occurring radioactive lead had been used very sparingly as tracers as far back as 1918 in determining chemical solubility and in 1923 in plant uptake from lead solutions. Now many new uses were developed and tested as tracers in medical diagnosis, agricultural, and industrial chemical and metallurigical processes. Many therapeutic applications were tested. The industrial labs developed thickness and level gauges for control of various manufacturing processes. Cobalt gamma-ray irradiators were developed for medical therapy and have also been used for sterilization of surgical instruments and materials, for food preservation, and for initiation of certain chemical reactions. The most significant development in the 1960's was the rapidly increasing role of private industry in taking over the development, production, sales, as well as research, into new methods of production and applications of radioisotopes. (auth)