The geological, petrological and geochemical studies of Miocene Ootsu basalts, distributed in Tsunoshima and Yuyashima islands along the coast of the Japan Sea, revealed the temporal and vertical changes in mantle melting processes. Based on their volcanic stratigraphy and petrological data, Ootsu basalts were grouped into; (1) clinopyroxene-olivine basalt (COB), (2) olivine basalt, magnetite-rich type 1 (MRB1), (3) olivine basalt, magnetite-rich type 2 (MRB2), and (4) olivine basalt, magnetite-poor type (MPB). MRB1 and MRB2 are rich in FeO ∗ and TiO2 contents, and MPB is rich in SiO 2 and Al2O3 contents. MRB1, MRB2 and COB are alkalic and MPB is tholeiitic. Phase diagram and mass balance calculations indicate that these four groups were derived from different primary magmas, and had experienced polybaric crystallization. The compositions of primary magmas for these four groups suggest that MRB1 and MPB were generated at the deepest and shallowest depths, by the lowest and the highest degrees of melting, respectively. Multi trace element plots (normalized by the primitive mantle values) of Ootsu basalts show the strong enrichment of LILE (Rb, Ba, and K), and distinct negative anomaly of Nb and Sm. The compositions of coexisting olivine and spinel (OSMA) suggest that MPB's mantle source is the most fertile among four groups. The different ratios of LREE/HREE among four groups suggest different mantle source and different degree of partial melting. B/Nb ratio of four groups is getting higher with decreasing segregation depth. These systematic differences in B/Nb ratio indicate that the upper mantle beneath Ootsu district is characterized by an increased degree of metasomatism at shallow level. We concluded that the diversities of chemical composition in Ootsu basalts attribute largely to different segregation depth and heterogeneous mantle source.


To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new penile traction device (PTD), 'Penimaster PRO', in a group of patients with stable Peyronie's disease (PD) compared with a non‐intervention group in a multicentre study.


Measurements of multiply-scattered wave transport allow the characterization of heterogeneous media and may reveal anomalous wave properties. When a wave propagates through a sufficiently disordered medium, it will undergo many scattering events. This may lead to diffusive transport or even, in highly disordered media, to localized behavior in which transport comes to a halt. These two regimes can be distinguished by measuring the evolution of the transverse intensity profile when point-like ultrasonic pulse is incident on the opposite side of a slab-shaped sample. In the case of diffusive propagation, the profile width grows without limit as the square root of time, while for localized waves, the width reaches a saturation value at long times due to the trapping of the waves in the medium. In our experiment, the sample consists of aluminum beads randomly packed in silicone oil. Contrary to expectations, the width goes through a maximum as a function of time and varies slowly afterwards. This novel behavi...


In the hydrocarbons downstream business, it is very beneficial to quickly and reliably determine the physical and/or chemical properties of fuels. In this context, a nondestructive method was applied using midband Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in association with multivariate partial least squares (PLS) chemometrics to determine the properties of nine groups of middle distillates (diesels) boiling in the range 180–370 °C. This method enables identification of one single diesel property at a time or a group of properties (32 properties) simultaneously in the spectral data between 4000–650 cm–1; with a minimum number of steps and without any sample preparation. The method was further used for two blends prepared from individual diesel samples. The results showed that using PLS models to process FTIR data is a practical analytical method to predict diesel fuel properties. Statistically, the results obtained showed low standard deviations, a very low root mean square error of cross-validation...


The article continues the series of publications devoted to the forecast of oil and gas potential in the Middle Kura Depression. Systematization and analysis of published materials show that the effectiveness of prospecting and exploration for oil and gas depends on the fairness and accuracy of scientific ideas about the origin and patterns of hydrocarbon localization. The established heterogeneity of the structure of sedimentary basins and the uneven distribution of oil and gas deposits in them allows us to make a predictive assessment of territories based on historical-geological methods and a synthes analysis of criteria for assessing the prospects of oil and gas. These methods are based on fundamental research in geology, the most important of which are structural-tectonic analysis and the genesis of oil and gas-bearing structures, the study of geological and geochemical factors in the simulation model "Uniform continuous lowering", the study of the staged conversion of organic matter in the catagenetic process and show the oil and gas windows, prediction of collector and overlying seal zones, study of organic substances dissolved in water and other hydrogeological factors contributing to the formation and prevent of oil and gas deposits. Analysis of the geological history of the first stage of research,the assessment of petroleum potential of the region. Based on the results of seismic surveys, we carried out paleotectonic reconstructions for the northwestern zone of the Ganja oil and gas-bearing region, which illustrate the maps of total thickness in the form of isopachic triangle, paleotectonic profiles and graphic of subsidence size. Modeling of structural surfaces made it possible to establish the historical development of not only local structures, but also to notice new features in the formation of chronostratigraphic surfaces, and to judge the tectonic regime of the sedimentation basin, to justify the mechanism of formation in the sedimentary cover of the Middle Kura depression, both of plicative dislocation and faulting as well as zones of oil and gas accumulation associated with them. The study can be considered as a positive argument when choosing the location of the prospecting well.


In view of the case that the PI control performance is far from ideal when practical working condition deviates much from the designed one, fuzzy model reference learning control is used in the dynamic hot-box device and good control performance is attained.Experimental result indicates that fuzzy model reference learning controller has the ability to follow the variety of set temperature curve,and thus perfect control result is obtained.


Chinese teaching practice has been used by many Chinese teachers.Also,it should be adopted to improve the qualities of the students.Teachers base themselves upon the domain of the Chinese knowledge and develope the domain of other subjects to promote the development of qualities of the students.They should foster the students'abilty to study on their own and heighten to support themselves consciousness to promote the development of qualities of personality.And they should mould sentiments and purify the hearts to promote the development of the moral qualities of the students.


The impact of Darwin's Origin of Spe- cies was reinforced in the religious sphere by the publication of Essays and Reviews a few mon- ths later. Evolutionism and German exegetical theories seemed to undermine the foundations of the faith. The negative reactions to evolutionism, however, were not purely on religious grounds; many scientists found it difficult to match evo- lutionism with the scientific data available at the time. As new discoveries removed some of those objections, some aspects of the new theory found more supporters, also among the different reli- gious denominations.


Bromelain is an enzyme that has great commercial value and is of wide interest in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. In Kenya, large quantities of pineapple byproducts are not well utilized although they can be a potential source for bromelain. The objectives of this study were to determine the levels of bromelain in crude extract of different parts of pineapples from different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Thika Region, Kenya. Following extraction, protein concentration and bromelain activity was estimated using standard Original Research Article Kahiro et al.; AJB2T, 1(2): 1-6, 2017; Article no.AJB2T.34314 2 methods. The activity of bromelain for the crown from the upper (UAEZ), mid (MAEZ) and lower (LAEZ) was 89.57, 101.34, 100.78 U/ml and the activity was significantly lower (p<0.05) in pineapples from UAEZ compared to that the other two zones. For peels, the bromelain activity (U/ml) of pineapple from UAEZ (88.79 U/ml) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that from MAEZ (98.21 U/ml) and LAEZ (97.65 U/ml). The bromelain activity in the stems of pineapple from LAEZ (89.71 U/ml) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to those from MAEZ (85.73 U/ml) and UAEZ (82.27 U/ml). In conclusion, the study shows that pineapple by-products in Kenya can be a good source of bromelain, with higher levels of activity being observed in pineapples from the lower and mid-AEZ.


This paper examines effect of Accelerated Learning on Students` Reading Skill in English Language. The objectives of the study include: i). effect of Accelerated Learning on students` Reading Comprehension and ii). Effect of Accelerated Learning on students` vocabulary. Two hypotheses were tested. Junior Secondary School Students one (JSS I) of a selected public schools were the target group of this study. Eighty (80) students in JSS I were selected to constitute the sample size using random sampling technique. Forty (40) control and forty (40) experimental groups were formed to measure the effect of Accelerated Learning. Pretest and posttest were applied to the groups. The data collected were analysed using independent t-test. The findings of the study revealed that Accelerated Learning is very much effective in improving students` reading comprehension; students taught using Accelerated Learning techniques performed better than those taught conventionally in vocabulary retention. Thus, it is recommended that teachers should use Accelerated Learning to improve students` reading comprehension during class sessions and school authorities should encourage teachers to employ Accelerated Learning not only in teaching vocabulary but other language aspects.


We study the behavior of block `1/`2 regularization for multivariate regression, where a K-dimensional response vector is regressed upon a fixed set of p covariates. The problem of union support recovery is to recover the subset of covariates that are active in at least one of the regression problems. Studying this problem under high-dimensional scaling (where the problem parameters as well as sample size n tend to infinity simultaneously), our main result is to show that exact recovery is possible once the order parameter given by θ`1/`2(n, p, s) : = n/[2ψ(B ∗) log(p− s)] exceeds a critical threshold. Here n is the sample size, p is the ambient dimension of the regression model, s is the size of the union of supports, and ψ(B∗) is a sparsity-overlap function that measures a combination of the sparsities and overlaps of the K-regression coefficient vectors that constitute the model. This sparsity-overlap function reveals that block `1/`2 regularization for multivariate regression never harms performance relative to a naive `1-approach, and can yield substantial improvements in sample complexity (up to a factor of K) when the regression vectors are suitably orthogonal relative to the design. We complement our theoretical results with simulations that demonstrate the sharpness of the result, even for relatively small problems.


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and asthma are both common diseases, and hence they often coexist. However, the prevalence of coexistence of asthma and GERD is far more frequent than by chance association alone. In fact, the relationship between GERD and asthma was firstly described in the 19th century, by Willam Osler: "attacks may be due to direct irritation of the bronchial mucosa or... indirectly, too, by reflux influences from the stomach...". 1 Afterwards, many studies have been published addressing the association between GERD and asthma. However, studies have only showed that there is a relationship between GERD and asthma, the causal relationship between the two conditions remains unclear. This article examines the relationship between GERD and asthma and discusses management of asthmatic patients with GERD.


Let E 2n be the Euler numbers and the matrices n(t)(t =0,1,2,...)defined by n(t)=(e t+i+j )0≤i,j≤n, where e n =E n if n is even ,and e n =0 if n odd.We give the factorial result of n(t) .Furthermore,the computational formulae of det n (0),det n (1) and det n (2) are obtained.


0-6 years old are commonly categorized as 'the golden age period for kids. ' During this time, development of the cognitive, motoric, sensory, language, and socio-emotional functions can be cultivated easily. The improvement of motoric skills is influenced by education and game. A balance bike is a fun game and sport that promotes rough motoric skills and improves posture stability. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between balance bikes and the improvement in balance among children. We used a cross-sectional study design. 30 healthy children who have at least 4 weeks of experience using a balance bike, with no health issues and no disability in the lower extremity were recruited as study participants. We utilized the Y balance test to assess whether the dynamic balance among children is good or poor. As a result, 37% of participants played balance bike within 1 year, while 63% within 2 years. A total of 13% of participants had a very good balance, 80% had a good balance, and 7% had a moderate balance. Furthermore, balance bike use is significantly correlated to balance improvement among children (P<0.000). We concluded from our finding that balance can be improved through functional activities, including games considering the participants are children.
Keywords: balance bike, balance, children


For a period of six months (from November 2001 to March 2002) we have observed 31 patients with typhoid fever who were hospitalized at Communicable Disease Wards, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The objective of this study was to identify correlations between immune response pattern and the predominance of Th1 and Th2 cells role in typhoid patients with and without complications. As parameters of immune response we observed Th1 using measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2, and Th2 by means of IL-4 and IL-10 measurement from PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) culture from the patients. It was found that typhoid patients showed increased IL-4 and IL-10 and decreased IFN-γ compared to normal. It indicates that immune response in patients with typhoid fever shifts toward the predominance of Th2 cells.


The pull-out problem has frequently been solved in cracking of composite structures. Previously, several numerical studies were carried out using the FEM, [4], and the BEM, [5], and the results were compared with available literature having mainly been focused on experiments. The comparison of both numerical and experimental results were in a good agreement. A remarkable feature of the mathematical solution occurred: a cracking was initiated not only at the face of the fiber-matrix system but also inside the trial body. As the previous formulations accepted the linear behavior of both the fiber and the matrix only, a natural question arises: what happens when the matrix will behave more realistic, i. e. the material of the matrix will obey the von Mises-Huber-Heiicky criterion of plasticity. The answer to this question is the objective of this paper.


In three experimental studies (total N = 1,056), we examined moral judgments toward relationship betrayals, and how these judgments depended on whether characters and their actions were perceived to be pure and loyal compared to the level of harm caused. In Studies 1 and 2, the focus was on confessing a betrayal, whereas in Study 3, the focus was on the act of sexual infidelity. Perceptions of harm/care were inconsistently and less strongly associated with moral judgment toward the behavior or the character, relative to perceptions of purity and loyalty, which emerged as key predictors of moral judgment across all studies. Our findings demonstrate that a diversity of cognitive factors play a key role in the moral perception of relationship betrayals. Many contemporary moral norms regarding interpersonal relationships and sexual encounters are compelled by concerns about loyalty (whether someone behaved faithfully to their social group members) and purity (whether someone behaved in a disgusting way). Consider the moral status of betraying a friend or partner. Even if confessing this betrayal causes additional harm to the other person, people may still consider this action more pure or loyal, and more moral, than not confessing. Consider also that sexual infidelity or promiscuity may be perceived as impure and immoral (compared to sexual exclusivity), even if this action does not cause harm to others. Extending a moral foundations theory perspective Dylan Selterman, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park; Amy C. Moors, Social Science Research and Evaluation Program, Purdue University, and The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University; Spassena Koleva, Stern School of Business, New York University. The authors thank Jenn Loya, Jesse Harrington, Michelle Dugas, Tracy Tomlinson, and Juliet Aiken for their statistical/methodological guidance and assistance with data collection. Correspondence should be addressed to Dylan Selterman, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 1147 Biology/Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. (MFT; Graham et al., 2013) to the domain of close relationships, we argue that perceived harm is only one of many diverse and distinct factors that play a role in moral judgment of betrayals. Specifically, we posit that loyalty and purity are central moral concerns in sex and relationships and will supersede concerns about perceptions of harm caused to others. In the current studies, we examined moral judgment in specific, realistic scenarios pertaining to friendships, romantic relationships, and sex. According to MFT (Graham et al., 2013), there are several distinct domains that drive moral cognition: (a) care (reducing harm/suffering to others), (b) fairness (promoting equality/justice), (c) loyalty (responsibility and obligation to social groups), (d) authority (respect for leaders, traditions, and duty), and (e) purity/sanctity (promoting cleanliness/spirituality and aversion to disgusting acts).1 This theoretical framework has largely 1. MFT theorists have posited that there may be additional independent moral foundations that have yet to be fully identified or understood, such as liberty (promoting freedom/autonomy).


The notion of academic performance renders account of the results achieved by the students during their school education.  Internally, there are two opposed phenomena:  school success and school failure.  Sociology of education has contributed to the discussion of both notions revealing their social nature closely related to the institutional and socio-cultural contexts in which education is developed.  This paper is the result of a research project conducted for our doctoral thesis.  Its purpose is to contribute to enlighten the scopes of this discussion, by analyzing the school development of a group of working class women from Mendoza. We were interested, in the first place, in knowing the reasons why they quit school when they were young girls or adolescents.  Subsequently, we have approached the opportunities they had to access the system again during their adulthood, the obstacles they had to face and the resources to be able to complete the medium level.


In order to couple the light emitted from a semiconductor laser into the core of an optical fibre, the simplest option is to use a butt coupling. In this case the core of the optical fibre is the same size as the emitting area of the laser and the NA of the fibre is greater than or equal to the divergence of the emitted beam. However where this is not the case and the core and laser emitting are not matched it is necessary to use a lens system. This lens system then focuses the divergent light into the fibre core. Though discrete lenses are sometimes used, often this lens is fabricated on the end of the fibre. When the lens is on the end of the fibre it must be fixed in place in front of the emitting laser using a method which will hold the fibre in position relative to the laser during the lifetime of the laser. This reliability requirement is particularly critical in the case of lasers with a highly elliptical output beams. In this case the tolerances for the displacement of a lensed fibre relative to the laser are extremely tight and a movement of less than 0.5 microns in the vertical direction can cause a drop in coupled power of greater than 10%. In this paper existing techniques of fixing the fibre relative to the laser are outlined and contrasted to an improved method. FEA analysis is used in the improved method. The improved method is described with salient features such as the fixing of the fibre to a rigid support member and the laser welding process used to fix the rigid support member in front of the laser is explained in detail. Reliability information is also presented demonstrating the capability of this technique in the fixing of an optical fibre relative to a laser device.


Fast asexual propagation technology of honeysuckle has broad development prospect.The thesis describes the explants,culture,proliferation,rooting,hardening seedling and transplanting management of tissue culture as well as the nursery selection,cutting time,cutting selection and processing,after cutting management of cuttage.The thesis plays a guiding role in fast asexual propagation technology of honeysuckle.


The recommendation by high school principals in Peking University is a principal-agent-based system for admissions.It is good for the reform of selfenrollment of universities,but there are potential adverse selection and moral risks.It is necessary,therefore,to establish the social credit for the sake of national selection of talents,and nominational incentives for outstanding high school principals,and strengthen the supervision of the procedure.


AIM:To study the clinical and angiography of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS:301 cases of CHD patients were divided into 2 groups:patients with type Ⅱ DM and patients without typeⅡ DM. The coronary lesions were compared between the 2 groups by coronary artery angiography(CAG) and the clinical characteristics were also studied between the 2 groups. RESULTS:CHD patients type Ⅱ DM tended to have multiple cardiovascular risk factors:hypertension,dyslipidemia. More patients with type Ⅱ DM had painless chest pain,and the mortality rate in type Ⅱ DM group was higher than that of control group. CHD patients with type Ⅱ DM had much great extent of coronary vessel involement and more diffuse vascular lesion and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Moreover,the longer the duration of diabetes,the more branches were involved. CONCLUSION:CHD patients with type Ⅱ DM have more severe changes in coronary artery,and the early diagnosis of type Ⅱ DM is very important for the prognosis of CHD.


M ANY convincing reasons can be advanced for processing all data from birth certificates as a single integrated operation. The data cannot. for example, be segregated into two watertight compartments-legal and medical. Such items as race, place of delivery, and previous child-bearing history of the mother are all part of the legal certificate, which is handled by the bureau of vital statistics, but they must also be taken into account in tabulating and interpreting the medical data, which in some places is handled by maternal and child health personnel. Processing a single punch card eliminates some duplication of work and simplifies scheduling of coding, punching, and tabulating procedures. Furthermore, the bureau of vital statistics is best equipped to conduct follow-up inquiries to complete information and routinely match infant death certificates with birth records. Desired birth tabulations can be furnished to maternal and child health administrators. This paper deals primarily with problems of collection and analysis of material usually found on the medical supplement of the birth certificate, including data on fetal and neonatal


The invention has made it its task to provide a process controller for a cable channel with a more global view of a variety of setting parameters and result parameters. The proposed method is an influence of the manufacturing process. In the production process of the partial box-shaped cable duct as an extrusion member (20) is a plurality of scale arms (1 to 16) of a presentation device (38) is not one upon another, spaced apart and partially diverging (2, 3; 6, 7; 10, 11 ) shown. The scale arms are numbered physical quantities and under the scale arms (1 to 16) are at least two categories. A result of size scales alarm (5 to 9) represents the representation of a result of the extrusion member (20) which Skalenarm a physical property of the component (20). Two independent setting values scale arms (14 to 16, 1 to 4) to the production process, which does not represent identical process variables which each of them can be preset by a separate adjustment in the production process. The at least three scales arms (1 to 9, 14 to 16) span a first horizon (39, 34, 34a, 34b) with the presentation device (38) which optically over an inner and an outer environment (to 35, 36 ) apart.


Provided is a self-generating electric hydraulic vehicle. A lithium battery power box is connected with a hydraulic pump through a motor. High-pressure liquid is communicated with four branch high-pressure pipelines through a main high-pressure pipeline. Each branch high-pressure pipeline is communicated with a hydraulic motor through an electromagnetic flow valve. Each hydraulic motor is connected with the rotation shaft of vehicle wheels through an electromagnetic clutch. The rotation shaft of the vehicle wheels is connected with a power generating shaft. The power generating shaft is provided with a rotor coil. A stator coil is sleeved out of the rotor coil. The stator coil is connected with the lithium battery power box through an excitation relay. The lithium battery power box conveys exciting current to the stator coil through the excitation relay. One end of the rotor coil is provided with a commutator and a brush, and the rotor coil can transmit electric power to the lithium battery power box. Through a PLC, a cross slope sensor, and a flow control valve, different rotating speeds of inner side wheels and outer side wheels are adjusted, and adhesive ability of the four wheels on a road when a vehicle is turning is improved. Through the PLC, when the vehicle goes down a slope, the potential energy of the vehicle can be used to generate electricity.


Reliability of oil rig derrick is an important quality parameter for ensuring safety.It can't be represented only by safety factor.In this paper,the resistance coefficient of Model JJ315/43-A derrick are worked out by using the structural reliability theory,and get the influence on the derrick under off-centering standard load.With ANSYS numerical simulation technology we get the reliability index β of the drilling derrick.


\Wlill@i TIllX using familiar music, such as pop tunes or folk songs. Apart from this preliminary exposition, though, the book is superior. Trifles such as the misspelling of "impresario," the classification in the front cover chart of Berlioz as Classical followed by the reference to him as Romantic in the text, and the designation of Dvorak's "New World" Symphony as Symphony No. 5 only remind one of how high and uniform standards generally are. The bibliography is annotated and engagingly so. A listing of research articles and papers is an unexpected plus on the side of scholarship. A glossary and index carry the careful, competent preparation through to the end of a fine book, one 1 will happily set students to reading.-TIMOTHY F. CLIFFORD, Department of Music, Salem State College, Massachusetts 01970.


Background Reperfusion of severely ischaemic myocardium can lead to interstitial haemorrhage due to irreversible vascular injury. Haemorrhagic infarction can be detected in vivo by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as hypointense signal on T2-weighted (T2W) and T2* imaging. However, the clinical implications of myocardial haemorrhage following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain undetermined. Aims To assess whether the presence of myocardial haemorrhage, as determined by T2-weighted and T2* CMR, influences infarct size, amount of salvaged myocardium and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for AMI. Methods Forty-eight patients with first presentation acute ST elevation MI, treated successfully with PPCI, underwent CMR imaging within 72 h of admission and at 3 months follow up. The CMR protocol was identical for all scans and included cine imaging, T2W and dual-echo T2* sequences and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). CMR images were analysed by two experienced observers. The area at risk (AAR) (on T2W) and infarcted tissue (on LGE) were identified using a semi-automated algorithm highlighting myocardium with a signal intensity >2 SD above that of remote normal myocardium. Myocardial haemorrhage and microvascular obstruction (MO), respectively, were identified as regions of hypoenhancement within these areas of hyperenhancement. Myocardial haemorrhage was confirmed by the presence of hypointense signal on T2* imaging. Results Twenty-six (54%) patients had evidence of MO on LGE. 11 (23%) patients also had myocardial haemorrhage suggested by T2W imaging and confirmed by T2* imaging. Patients with myocardial haemorrhage had greater %LV scar than patients with MO only and patients without MO (overall p<0.001 both at baseline and at 3 months). Myocardial haemorrhage was also associated with smaller %AAR-salvaged myocardium (overall p<0.001), lower %LVEF (overall p=0.001 at baseline and p<0.001 at 3 months) and greater LV end diastolic volume at 3 months (overall p=0.001). Interestingly, patients with myocardial haemorrhage had longer door-to-balloon times than patients with MO only and patients without MO (overall p=0.036). However, there was no overall difference in ischaemia times (i.e. pain-to-balloon) between the groups (overall p=0.74). These results are summarised in Abstract 77 Table 1. Abstract 77 Table 1 No MO or haemorrhage (n=22) MO only (n=15) Myocardial haemorrhage (n=11) ANOVA p value %LV scar (baseline) 17.4 (8.9) 27.9 (12.4) 37.8 (15) <0.001 %AAR-salvaged (baseline) 42.3 (23.9) 24.6 (17.6) 9.1 (11.5) <0.001 %LVEF (baseline) 46.8 (8.9) 42.8 (5.8) 34.8 (8.5) 0.001 %LVEF (at 3 months) 53.5 (8.4) 48.8 (3.8) 39.6 (7.9) <0.001 LV end-diastolic volume (ml) at 3 months 166.4 (42.4) 149.8 (42.7) 231.8 (53) 0.001 Door to balloon times (minutes) 66.6 (26.5) 72.3 (29.9) 98.1 (44.4) 0.036 Pain to balloon times (minutes) 247.4 (146.6) 216.1 (76.6) 243.9 (128) 0.74 Conclusions Reperfusion haemorrhage following acute myocardial infarction can be detected by CMR and is associated with larger infarct size, diminished myocardial salvage, lower LVEF and adverse ventricular remodelling. The presence of myocardial haemorrhage does not appear to be related to duration of ischaemia. Larger studies in this area are required in the future to investigate the prognostic implications of these findings.


The author argues that evaluating pupils' knowledge in the elementary school should principally be stimulative, since such a mark stimulates pupils to work and enter new fields, as well as because the elementary school is not selective. Therefore every child will be in a position to complete his/her basic level of education. The poor efficiency and numerous education problems in the elementary school are largely the result of its stressed repressive nature which is especially evident in the field evaluating and estimating.


After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, according to Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thinking, we must proceed from the State's strategic interests in handling China-Russian relations, instead of making a line of demarcation by ideology. We should develop friendly and good-neighborly relations between China and Russia on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, non-interference in the internal affairs, and respect for the choice of the Russian people. As the Chinese Government's special envoy, I was entrusted with the task of conducting negotiations in Russia and smoothly reached the agreement, thus settling the issue of inheritance of China-USSR relations


Anomaly detection based on monitoring of sequences of system calls has been shown to be an effective method for detection of previously unseen, potentially damaging attacks on hosts. This paper presents a new model for profiling normal program behavior for use in detection of intrusions that change application execution flow. This model is compact and efficient to operate and can be acquired using a combination of static analysis and dynamic learning. Our model (hybrid push down automata, HPDA) incorporates call stack information in the automata model and effectively captures the control flow of a program. Several important properties of the model are based on a unique correspondence relation between addresses and instructions within the model. These properties allow the HPDA to be acquired by dynamic analysis of an audit of the call stack log. Our strategy is to use static analysis to acquire a base model and then to use dynamic learning as a supplement to capture those aspects of behavior that are difficult to capture with static analysis due to techniques commonly used in modern programming environments. The model created by this combination method is shown to have a higher detection capability than models acquired by static analysis alone and a lower false positive rate than models acquired by dynamic learning alone.


The molecular and crystal structures of neutral and ionic derivatives of [M4(CO)12](M = Co, Rh or Ir) clusters have been studied by a combined use of molecular-orbital calculations of the extended-Huckel type and packing analysis. The problem of the existence of two structural forms, namely the 'all-terminal' structure with no bridging carbonyl ligands and the 'bridged' structure with three edge-bridging carbonyls, in the solid state has been addressed. The presence of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions of the C–H ⋯ O type between carbonyl groups and the hydrogen atoms of the cations has been investigated.


This paper is the fourth in a series, studying the optical properties of a sample of mid-IR Warm Seyfert galaxies and of a control sample of mid-IR cold galaxies. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the colour distributions characterizing the host galaxies. The Warm Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies show opposite colour gradients and their colour profiles are depicting age and dust effects within single-burst, solar metallicity models. In particular, we find ample evidence for the occurrence of strong star formation in the Seyfert 2 disks: their colour and emission line 2-dimensional maps suggest dust extinction associated with on-going star formation in spiral and tidal features; their colour profiles show starbursts of 0.5-1 Gyr or younger, superposed on the older underlying galaxy population. Most of these properties are shared with the Cold galaxies, while the Warm Seyfert 1s show mostly older stellar populations and, in only a few cases, evidence for circumnuclear star formation.


Twenty years' practice in the reform of productive material ownership requests that some basic questions should be answered theoretically. How many basic economic systems are there in the primary stage of socialism? Is mixed ownership economy equal to mixed economy? What is the character of stock cooperative enterprise? Is the "privatization" the normal vocabulary of market economy or adopted to beat others? Is the wording of privately owned economy scientific and normative? We should give clear answers to these and some other questions in order not to fall into mistakes.


This article is based on the theory of collateral disease,to explore the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia from collateral,and strive to reveal the the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia,and to seek the new ideas and methods for aplastic anemia treatment.


I. Introduction Web Services represents a new architectural paradigm for web application. Web services implement capabilities that are available to other applications via industry standard network and application interface and protocols. Access control policy is used to protecting resource not to be accessed by the illegal user, so as to specify the legal user operating resource, the access control policy determine which certificates are announced, and by which order are announced. An application can use the capabilities of Web Services by simply invoking it across a network with having to integrate it. Serviceoriented architecture (SOA) is a component model. The different functional units of applications (called services) were linked through well-defined interfaces and contracts. It is an independent of the implementation services, hardware platforms, operating systems and programming languages. Web services essentially involve the three roles of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), are service broker, service requestor and service provider.


Mathematics teacher candidates still have difficulty understanding integral calculus material which is a compulsory subject and prerequisite for other courses. The purpose of this study is to analyze student learning outcomes errors in integral calculus courses.This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a subject as many as 3 students of mathematics education study program. Data was collected by using integral calculus learning outcomes test techniques and interviews. The results showed that the biggest type of error in student learning outcomes in the integral calculus course lies in errors using mathematical concepts 56.25%, while procedural errors are 54.17% and computational errors are 45.83%. The causes of these errors are because students do not understand well the concept of solving integral calculus material, lack of mastery of early calculus materials by students, students' ability to translate mathematical symbols that are still lacking, students who still rely on rote learning to remember formulas and steps in solving problems, as well as students' inaccuracy in working on questions.


B Balides, Constance, "Cinema and Spectatorship by Judith Mayne; Star Gazing: Hollywood Cinema and Female Spectatorship by Jackie Stacey; Babel and Babylon: Spectatorship in American Silent Film by Miriam Hansen: Book Review," no. 1:248-54 "Beijing '95: Moving Women's Human Rights from Margin to Center: Report," by Charlotte Bunch and Susana Fried, no. 1:200-203 Bell, Susan Groag, "FramingMedieval Bodies edited by Sarah Kay and Miri Rubin; The Master and Minerva: Disputing Women in French Medieval Culture by Helen Solterer: Book Review," no. 3:765-67 "Between Academy and Street: A Story of Resisting Women," by Zakia Pathak and Saswati Sengupta, no. 3:545-77 "Between Fathers and Fetuses: The Social Construction of Male Reproduction and the Politics of Fetal Harm," by Cynthia R. Daniels, no. 3:579-616 Booth, Marilyn, "'May Her Likes Be Multiplied': 'Famous Women' Biography and Gendered Prescription in Egypt, 18921935" no. 4:827-90 Bourque, Susan C., "Professing Feminism: Cautionary Tales from the Strange World of Women's Studies by Daphne Patai and Noretta Koertge; Politics and Scholarship: FeministAcademicJournals and the Production of Knowledge by Patrice McDermott; Feminism in Action: Building Institutions and Community through Women's Studies by Jean F O'Barr: Book Review," no. 2: 453-56 Brewer, Maria Minich, "Ethics, Politics, and Difference in Julia Kristeva's Writing edited by Kelly Oliver; Reading Kristeva: Unraveling the Double-Bind by Kelly Oliver; From Klein to Kristeva: Psychoanalytic Feminism and the Search for the 'Good Enough' Mother by Janice Doane and Devon Hodges; Nathalie Sarraute and the Feminist Reader: Identities in Process by Sarah Barbour: Book Review," no. 1:254-59 Bunch, Charlotte, and Susana Fried, "Beijing '95: Moving Women's Human Rights from Margin to Center: Report," no. 1:200-203 Busia, Abena P. A., "On Cultures of Communication: Reflections from Beijing: Report," no. 1:204-9


The biological degradation of quinoline by suspended and immobilized Comamonas acidovorans was studied under continuous and discontinuous operating conditions in a three‐phase fluidized bed reactor. C. acidovorans degrades quinoline into biomass and carbon dioxide. Quinoline and the intermediates of its metabolic pathway are found only by quinoline shockloads. The continuous degradation of quinoline by suspended biomass was only possible, if the dilution rate was less than the growth rate (μmax =0.42 h–1) and the concentration of a shockload was less than 1 kg/m3. A concentration greater than 1 kg/m3 led to an irreversible damage of the cells. Hence, two different carrier materials were used for immobilization by attachment, to increase the stability of the process. Using immobilization of biomass on carriers decouples the hydrodynamic retention time and the growth rate of the microorganisms. A comparison of the carrier material showed no differences with respect of activity and stability of the biofilm. The process stability of a three‐phase fluidized bed reactor was increased by immobilized biomass. The degradation of toxic shockloads was only possible with immobilized biomass. A dynamic model has been developed to describe the concentration profile of quinoline, 2‐hydroxyquinoline as metabolite and the suspended biomass. A comparison of the measured and calculated values showed good agreement.


The degeneration Of the macronucleus at every conjugation and the development of a new macronucleus from a product are two central facts in the cytological history of ciliates wherever conjugation has been studied, The precise nature of the "degeneration" of the old macronucleus, however, is unknown and vague terms like disorganization, disintegration, decomposition and final absorption have been applied to the changes occurring in it. Previous studies were directed to an analysis or some of these changes (Seshachar, '50; Seshachar and Dass, '51, '53). This paper sets out some interesting phenomena in the macronucleus of Chilodonella uncinatus during and after conjugation. An analysis of the nuclear apparatus of this ciliate by cytochemicaI methods was made some years ago (Seshaehar, '50) but a study of the changes taking place in the degenerating. macronucleus was not made. It nows appears possible to throw some light on the phenomena associated with the "degeneration" of the micronucleus in Chilodonella and its final absorption in the cytoplasm


The terms "water requirements" and "water demands" are frequently used interchangeably. In the language of economics, however, these words have special meanings. Here is the first of four articles by these authors that delve into water demand. THE nicipal SUPPLY water has of developed, high-quality princimunicipal water has developed, principally in the last century, into one of the largest industries in the US. At the present time, more than 170 million Americans are served by public water systems. In terms of the size and value of the physical plant necessary to render that service, the water-utility industry is second only to the electricpower industry. The current replacement value of public-water-supply systems throughout the country is in excess of $50 billion, which is equivalent to an investment of $339,000 per employee, substantially higher than the comparable statistic for any other industry. (Replacement value of water-utility facilities was obtained from an AWWA


Social movements are everywhere. Black Lives Matter activists are challenging racism and the role of police in society, environmentalists fill the streets to push for action on climate change, indigenous peoples are exclaiming that they will be Idle No More, and protesters resisting austerity measures and the role of supranational governments are rising up. It is safe to say that civil society is vibrant. The academic study of social movements is also flourishing. Sections on social movements are some of the largest and most prominent in the International Sociological Association, the American Sociological Association, and other national sociology organizations. Social movements research is an important part of general sociology journals as well as the subject of a growing set of specialty journals, such as Mobilization and Social Movement Studies. And blogs such as Mobilizing Ideas are bringing these academic debates and discussions to larger audiences. How can a field this large and diverse be synthesized, summarized, and united? The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Donatella della Porta and Mario Diani, is a massive undertaking attempting to do just that. It brings together 83 authors, including top scholars in the field, and addresses the ever-expanding research within the area of social movements. While I could not hope to summarize this 835-page book here (without surely going over my own word limit), a brief overview of the organization of the book illustrates its depth and breadth. The book is divided into eight main sections. The first section examines the core theoretical perspectives in the study of social movements and assesses the state of research on social movements from different perspectives and disciplinary traditions. The second section examines structural processes in social movements, such as the widespread demographic changes in the ethnic, racial, religious, and geographic composition of society and how these transformations shape mobilization. Section Three focuses on the microdynamics of social movements and assesses the role of factors such as social networks, emotions, and motivations. The fourth section examines how movements organize and the role of formal organizations, coalitions, and technologies in these processes. Section Five focuses on the repertoires of contention and includes a larger discussion of strategy in movements as well as more specific examinations of tactics ranging from riots and violence to civil resistance and consumer strategies. The sixth section is concerned with the role of culture in social movements and assesses the importance of narratives, art, and visuals within mobilizations. Section Seven examines opportunities for movements—in both political, within various configurations of the nation-state, and non-political contexts. The volume ends with a section devoted to the role of social movements in creating social and political change across a wide range of issues. The book contains many unique and important contributions beyond the significant task of bringing together this vast field of research. The volume makes important strides in creating connections across disciplines by providing perspectives from the fields of political science (Ondřej Cı́sař), history (John Markoff), anthropology (Jeffrey Juris and Alex Khasnabish), geography (Abby Peterson and Mattias Wahlström), and gender studies (Stephen Wulff, Mary Bernstein, and Verta Taylor), as well as the classic contentious politics tradition within sociology (Sidney Tarrow). It connects the work on social movement mobilization with research on other political acts such as revolutions, civil wars, and democratization processes. Finally, the book also connects research on social movements with other institutions in society, including political parties (Hanspeter Kriesi, Kenneth Roberts) and corporations (Sarah Soule and Brayden King). 422 Reviews


Temporal/spectral waveshapes of photons involved in gate operation are absolutely crucial for the gate operation. In particular, if we consider linear logic approaches [1] the photons in different channels should be un-correlated and indistinguishable [2] , [3] . The waveshape is also important for so called coherent photon conversion (CPC) proposed in [4] . It uses four wave mixing (FWM) between single-photons in presence of a strong coherent field. For instance, two photons in the distinct modes which we call here signal s and idler i (see Fig. 1a ) can be converted into a "pump" p photon and then back, demonstrating Rabi-like oscillations; after each oscillation, the phase of the wavepacket is shifted by π , leading to a nonlinear sign (NS) gate functionality. However, since only time-coincident ( t i = t s ) parts of the two-photon wavepacket interact, almost any waveshape leads to a non-ideal gate operation [5] . This problem was elegantly solved in [6] where the signal and idler are assumed to propagate through each other with nonzero velocity (see Fig. 1a ), and interaction of independent photons was demonstrated.


Introduction Much of statistics is based on the fact that while individual values vary, their pattern of variation in the aggregate is often quite predictable. Similarly, individual students of statistics vary greatly not only in their developing levels of understanding but also in the gaps in their understanding and the errors that they make. Nevertheless, considering students in the aggregate, we can make some reasonable predictions about common misunderstandings and errors that students will make as they learn our subject. These problems occur in areas of performing calculations, understanding concepts, and presenting results. For example, we know that some students will fail to arrange the data values in order before calculating a median and that some will ignore the role of sample size when calculating a standard error. We know that some students will confuse "bumpiness" with variability and that some will misinterpret a confidence interval as a prediction interval. We know that some students will fail to label axes in a scatterplot and that some will leave a conclusion at "reject the null hypothesis" without relating the conclusion back to the context. The sooner we can recognize, diagnose, and address such misconceptions, the more effectively we will be able to help students learn statistics. We must also consider that many students enter introductory statistics courses with low confidence and motivation, which also impacts the type of assessments that will be effective and informative to both the students and the instructors.


Years of scholarly work on the European aristocracy in the central Middle Ages have demonstrated the importance of private monastic foundations as family monuments, as foci for dynastic consciousness, and as landmarks within the family inheritance. Historians have recently pointed to the peculiar case of the Veneto, which stands apart from other regions of northern Italy, where local situations admittedly varied a great deal because these foundations were so unevenly distributed within it. Many important institutions were established in the period of ecclesiastical reform, in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in the regions of Padua and Treviso by seigneurial families active in the countryside, such as the Da Carrara, the founders of Santo Stefano di Carrara, 1 the Da Calaone, who founded San Michele di Candiana, the Maltraversi, founders of Praglia, and so forth. 2 Nothing of the sort happened in the western Veneto, least of all on Veronese territory an area in which 'there were no aristocratic lineages with deep roots in the countryside and eager to enhance their prestige and strengthen their family traditions by founding a monastery', 3 with the solitary exception of the San Bonifacio, the ancient


The article presents the results of theoretical research of the problem of psychological well-being, personal qualities of the teacher highlights as the main markers that determine the choice of the positive functioning of the teacher and provide his psychological well-being. The specificity of motivating and stabilizing personal qualities highlighted in the context of personality-professional development of the teacher.The article analyzes «job satisfaction» as a component of the teacher's subjective well-being, that reflects personal well-being in professional employment and provide its professional identity. In relation to pedagogical activity, satisfaction is determined by the relationship between the motivational value sphere of the teacher's personality and the possibility of success of the activity in implementing the leading motives and acts like the main psychological mechanism of the behavioral substructure of self-consciousness. Emotional intelligence and developed social skills are also determinants of psychological teacher's well-being.
The problem of health are substantiated (physical, mental and social) as a professional category of well-being, the measure of a person's ability to act as an active subject of his professional activity is substantiated; the concept of psychological status are expanded in the context of mental health of personality. The specifics of the educational environment as a system of relations of all subjects of professional activity is determined by an important determinant of psychological teacher's well-being, which determines the success of the disclosure of their potential, satisfaction of the need for self-realization.


Tadalafil is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that provides effective treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a single on‐demand dose of tadalafil compared to low‐dose continuous administration on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), in patients after stroke.


The author points to the inaccurate transmission of the content of his article by Krnig (No. 10 of this magazine) and Ries (No. 17 there), why the article is not of interest for abstracting.


Summary form only given. The achievement of a stable optical pulse source in the 1.5 /spl mu/m wavelength region with a high repetition rate is extremely important for its use as a transmitter in soliton-based optical transmission systems. In recent work, we proposed and demonstrated a novel non-resonant technique for the generation of high-bit-rate transform-limited pulse trains, based on asynchronous FM of an Er-Yb laser with external spectral filtering by a Bragg fiber grating. This technique enables to relax the strict constraint of cavity length control needed with conventional active mode-locking methods. In this work we present a comparative analysis of pulse train stability based on BER measurements, of a 2.5-GHz frequency-modulated Er-Yb laser operated in FM mode-locking (synchronous modulation) and in the FM regime (asynchronous modulation), and demonstrate the significant lower sensitivity to cavity length detuning of the latter configuration as compared to standard mode-locking.


Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is highly prevalent in hospitals and causes many nosocomial infections. The study sought to determine prevalence rates of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from Cairo, Egypt and to detect the ESBL-encoding genes in the isolates. Methods: K. pneumoniae isolates were collected through two-year period (2011-2012). Identification of K. pneumoniae was carried out using automated Microscan and standard biochemical tests. ESBL pattern and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and confirmatory tests. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for ESBL-encoding genes and plasmid profiling were performed. Results: In the present work; 112 isolates, 75 of them from cancer patients, were characterized. High proportion (52 of 112, "46 %") of ESBLs among the isolates were detected. Highest prevalence of ESBLs was seen among cancer patients, 39 isolates of 75 (52%). Plasmid profile for ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates showed different sizes and numbers of plasmids in all isolates. MICs for all ESBL-producing isolates revealed high resistance rates with tetracycline (100%), cefepime (96%), gentamycin (90%) and ciprofloxacin (79%). Whereas, only two isolates (4%) were resistant to both carbapenem drugs tested, imipenem and meropenem. bla TEM , bla SHV , and bla CTX-M were performed for all ESBL-producing isolates. Five patterns of ESBL-encoding genes were detected. The most prevalent ESBL-encoding gene was bla TEM ;alone in 40% and with other ESBL-encoding gene(s) in 48% of the isolates. Conclusion: High prevalence of ESBL (46%) in our isolates suggesting the need for continuous monitoring of emergence of this pattern in our region.


Facultat d'Informatica de Barcelona Compnet Master in Innovation and Research in Informatics Integration of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks in a community sensor network by Enzo Brands Wireless sensor networks have increased the amount of data that can be collected from users and the environment. These sensor networks are usually used as unimodal closed systems, and therefore the collected information is not always publicly available. Openly providing this data in a structured way makes it possible to share this information with other repositories or applications. The purpose of this master's thesis is to integrate multimedia in the CommonSense platform, a community sensor platform which collects data coming from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and makes the data publicly available in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. RDF provides metadata in a machine-readable form, so it can be interpreted by software, and easily shared with other repositories. To make the multimedia data available in the RDF format, a new ontology for the description of the metadata is developed. This ontology is based on the Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) and the Dublin Core (DC) ontologies used by the CommonSense platform to describe the sensor data, as well as a new ontology containing classes and properties to describe images in a WSN context. To capture images, a Raspberry Pi equipped with a small USB camera is used. The data is sent over TCP/IP via a WiFi USB dongle. The lack of a sleep mode makes the Raspberry Pi not suitable to be used in a power constrained environment. To solve this problem a Sleepy Pi is used. The Sleepy Pi is an Arduino based device that can be used to wake or sleep the Raspberry Pi periodically, so the power consumption can be significantly reduced. The Sleepy Pi also provides analogue inputs, pulse-width modulation (PWM) and additional general-purpose input/output (GPIO), providing the possibility to wake up the Raspberry Pi based on sensor readings. . .


Volatility derivatives are becoming increasingly popular as means for hedging unexpected changes in volatility. Although pricing volatility derivatives demands extreme care in modeling the underlying volatility process, not much attention has been devoted to the complete specification of the autonomous process that volatility follows in continuous time. Despite the fact that jumps are widely considered as a salient feature of volatility, their implications for pricing and hedging volatility options and futures are not yet fully understood. This thesis addresses two principal issues: a) modeling volatility, and b) hedging volatility risk. With respect to the modeling of volatility, the thesis assesses the ability of the most commonly used processes (diffusion and jump -diffusion) to capture the dynamics of implied volatility. The assessment of these processes is performed both analytically and empirically using data from the implied volatility index VIX for a period of 15 years. The empirical analysis produces new evidence concerning stationarity, long-memory, nonnormality and jump behavior. Furthermore, the empirical fit of diffusion processes can be significantly improved by the addition of jumps. If jumps are conditioned on the level of the index, model performance is further enhanced. With respect to hedging volatility risk, the thesis assesses the hedging effectiveness of volatility derivatives. The comparative evaluation attests that the most "naïve" volatility option pricing model can be reliably used for pricing and hedging purposes. Finally, the thesis develops new closed-form models for pricing volatility futures and European volatility options, when the underlying volatility index displays mean reversion and jumps. The results from these new models demonstrate that incorrectly omitting jumps may cause severe problems to both pricing and hedging.


Detecting volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath enables the diagnosis of cancer. We investigated whether a handheld version of an electronic nose is able to discriminate between patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and healthy controls.


Connected vehicles disseminate detailed data, including their position and speed, at a very high frequency. Such data can be used for accurate real-time analysis, prediction and control of transportation systems. The outstanding challenge for such analysis is how to continuously collect and process extremely large volumes of data. To address this challenge, efficient collection of data is critical to prevent overburdening the communication systems and overreaching computational and memory capacity. In this work, we propose an efficient data collection scheme that selects and transmits only a small subset of the data to alleviate data transmission burden. As a demonstration, we have used the proposed approach to select the data points to be transmitted from 10,000 connected vehicles trips available in the Safety Pilot Model Deployment dataset. The presented results show that collection ratio can be as small as 0.05 depending on the required precision. Moreover, a simulation study was performed to evaluate the travel time estimation accuracy using the proposed data collection approach. Results show that the proposed data collection approach can significantly improve travel time estimation accuracy.


Partial table of contents: Modeling Surface Water Flow (R. Walters). Environmental Hydrodynamics: Comprehensive Model for the Gulf of Maine (D. Lynch, et al.). Surface Elevation and Circulation in Continental Margin Waters (J. Westerink, et al.). An Improved Finite Element Model for Shallow Water Problems (O. Zienkiewicz & P. Ortiz). An Entropy Variable Formulation and Petrov-Galerkin Method for the Shallow Water Equations (S. Bova & G. Carey). Tidal Simulation Using Conjugate Gradient Methods (E. Barragy, et al.). 3D Finite Element Hydrodynamic Model (M. Andreola, et al.). Po River Delta Flow (V. Pennati & S. Corti). Circulation and Salinity Intrusion in Galveston Bay, Texas (R. Berger). Sentinels and Parameter Indentification (T. M?nnikk?). Contaminant Transport with Nonlinear, Nonequilibrium Adsorption Kinetics (C. Dawson). Substructure Preconditioning for Porous Flow Problems (R. Ewing, et al.). Error Estimates for Saturated Groundwater Flows (S. Chow). Waste Encapsulation by In Situ Vitrification (R. McLay, et al.). Index.


On May 17, 1987 two EXOCET missiles hit and crippled the frigate USS STARK. Thirty seven sailors lost their lives due to the inability of the ship to defend itself against a sea- skimming cruise missile attack. In 1991, as a result of this incident, Congress mandated the establishment of a Program Executive Office for Ship Self Defense. The purpose of the legislation was to preclude another incident by placing a high priority on the combat system engineering process used to design and field the anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM) defense capability of surface ships. Over 35 countries now have sea- skimming ASCMs and this type of threat continues to proliferate. The use of IRST is a critical element of ship self defense, providing early and reliable detection of sea- skimming cruise missiles. This paper describes the contribution of IRST in providing self-defense and the current status of the United States Navy (USN) shipboard IRST development program.


Play is an important part of the learning process during early childhood years. The child needs to be seen as a free young person and we need to enable them to create an identity through active involvement in the learning process.
It is very important that educators provide children with rich and stimulating environment. Children have to be given the opportunity to practice using their imagination, think creatively, and explore.
I, therefore, wanted to find out how we can involve puppets in the educational process. My thesis is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part introduces the concept of participation. Participation and the involvement of children are best known in Reggio Emilia's pedagogic approach which is becoming more and more established in Slovenian kindergartens.
In the empirical part of my thesis, I would like to present a project that I carried out in the Ciciban kindergarten in Novo mesto, in the unit called Najdihojca. Children from 4 to 6 years old have participated in the project. They have been motivated by the puppet, and I have also introduced various puppet techniques. The puppet turned out to be a successful motivator for everyday activities and during their daily routine. By using a puppet I targeted all three areas of child development; psychomotor, social-emotional and mental. Relationships between us have become more open. The readiness for mutual assistance and cooperation has definitely increased and I have also noticed that the puppet created an even more relaxed atmosphere.


The target of reforming college English course is to train the students integrated English language abilities and develop their all round language skills so that they can communicate orally and literally with efficiency.Based on modern linguistic theories and the actual conditions in our country,integrated principle in college English teaching reflects the idea of developing student's integrated language abilities.Sticking to integrated English teaching is one of the aspects of changing college English teaching ideology and it's also an important part in college English reforming.


ГУ НИИ клинической иммунологии СО РАМН, лаборатория клинической иммунопатологии, г. Новосибирск 1 Институт цитологии и генетики СОРАН, лаборатория молекулярной цитогенетики, г. Новосибирск abstract. A significant telomere shortening was shown in both total peripheral lymphocyte populations and CD4 + T-cells from patients with bronchial asthma, as compared to normal donors. Such shortening takes place in different cell subpopulations depends on different types of bronchial asthma. In patients with intrinsic asthma, a telomere contraction was found both in CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocytes, but only in CD4 + lymphocytes from patients with extrinsic-type asthma. We didn't found any changes of telomere length in patients with mixed-type asthma, however, a significant correlation was found between telomere length in both CD4 + and CD8 + T- cells, and serum IgE concentrations.


In these uncertain times some major Christian churches are grappling with reform movements which seem to some believers to be matters of life and death. The very survival of the churches in their existing form appears in jeopardy. One outstanding example is the ordination of women priests, a novelty which is stretching to the limit the fabric of both the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. Other burning issues include the admission of divorcees to the priesthood, the practice of contraception, and the status of sexual deviants.


This is a short letter to introduce myself as the new Chair of our Section, to let you know what's happening, to introduce you to the Committee, and to give you the latest news.


Studies of speech and writing face a paradox: the discrete units of the written representation of an utterance cannot be isolated in its quasi-continuous articulatory and acoustic structure. We may resolve the paradox by positing that units of writing (ideographs, syllabic signs, alphabetic letters) are symbols for discrete, perceptuomotor, neural control structures, normally engaged in speaking and listening. Focusing on the phoneme, for which an alphabetic letter is a symbol, the paper traces its emergence in a child's speech through several stages: hemispheric specialization for speech perception at birth, early discriminative capacity followed by gradual loss of the capacity to discriminate among speech sounds not used in the surrounding language, babbling, and first words. The word, a unit of meaning that mediates the child's entry into language, is viewed as an articulatory routine, a sequence of a few variable gestures of lips, jaw, tongue, velum, and larynx, and their acoustic correlates. Under pressure from an increasing vocabulary, recurrent patterns of sound and gesture crystallize into encapsulated phonemic control units. Once a full repertoire of phonemes has emerged, usually around the middle of the third year, an explosive growth of vocabulary begins, and the child is soon ready, at least in principle, for the metalinguistic task of learning to read.


[Abstract] A caesarean section is required if the recipient of an embryo transfer or any pregnant mouse has not given birth by the delivery time that is normal for the particular strain. It is commonly used to derive a strain of pathogen-free mice from a strain with an infection problem or one of unknown health status. It may also be necessary when some experimental procedures, such as embryonic tamoxifen administration or in utero electroporation that are known to cause difficulty in natural delivery, are to be performed during pregnancy. Ideally, use as a foster mother a female who has successfully reared one or more litters of her own and has given birth the same day or no more than 5 days before the day of operation.


RSoft Design Group OptSim 4.7 is the latest release of RSoft's award-winning optical communication system design tool. Among the new features there is an advanced DFE/FFE EDC model with automatic coefficient calculation based on MMSE criterion, suitable for designing systems deploying EDC-based receivers such as multimode 10GBASE-LRM and singlemode ITU G.959.1. www.rsoftdesign.com Optiwave The most comprehensive optical communication design suite for optical system design engineers is now even better with the release of OptiSystem version 6.0. The latest version of OptiSystem features a number of requested enhancements to address the design of passive optic network (PON) based FTTx, optical wireless communication (OWC), and radio over fiber systems (ROF). Download a free evaluation license from the company's Web site. www.optiwave.com Huber+Suhner ENCITY®LINK operates as a point-to-point wireless data link with a data rate of 100 Mbps over a distance of up to 800 m (2600 ft). Measuring only 16 x 16 cm (6.3" x 6.3"), its compact size is attained by extensively integrating the active and passive components. The product version SL60-100-57/64-38-E-O operates as a data link in the 60 GHz unlicensed band according to the FCC rules. www.hubersuhner.com


Abstract Economic interspatial and intersubjective inequalities inherent to capitalism were constitutionally faced by promulgating a social, democratic and federalizable state, which teleological orientation is aimed at obtaining a more equitable personal and territorial income distribution. In this sense, adhering to the reasoning the economic justification of the redistributive nature of some of the public earnings and expenses, this paper develops a novel legal-economic approach to the economic aspect of the constitutional principle of solidarity. Not in vane, the traditional doctrine was attached to either the constitutional clause that states the Inter-territorial Compensation Fund or to the conjunction of the latter and the legal and extra constitutionem instruments that channel the financial resources.


SSL is the de facto standard today for securing end-to-end transport on the Internet. While the protocol itself seems rather secure, there are a number of risks that lurk in its use, for example, in web banking. However, the adoption of password-based key-exchange protocols can overcome some of these problems. We propose the integration of such a protocol (DH-EKE) in the TLS protocol, the standardization of SSL by IETF. The resulting protocol provides secure mutual authentication and key establishment over an insecure channel. It does not have to resort to a PKI or keys and certificates stored on the users computer. Additionally, its integration in TLS is as minimal and non-intrusive as possible.


At the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) traditional procedures for underground mining activities have been significantly altered in order to assure underground safety and project adherence to numerous regulatory requirements. Innovative techniques have been developed for WIPP underground procedures, mining equipment, and operating environments. The mining emphasis at WIPP is upon the quality of the excavation, not (as in conventional mines) on the production of ore. The WIPP is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) project that is located 30 miles southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico, where the nation's first underground engineered nuclear repository is being constructed. The WIPP site was selected because of its location amidst a 607 meter thick salt bed, which provides a remarkably stable rock formation for the permanent storage of nuclear waste. The underground facility is located 655 meters below the earth's surface, in the Salado formation, which comprises two-hundred million year old halites with minor amounts of clay and anhydrites. When completed, the WIPP underground facility will consist of two components: approximately 81 square kilometers of experimental areas, and approximately 405 square kilometers of repository. 3 figs.


AMELIA SUSAN ANGGRAENI. Xylitol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate by Immobilized Cell Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii. Under the direction of LAKSMI AMBARSARI dan SURYANI. Xylitol is a five carbons sugar alcohol and used commercially in various fields. Xylitol has a stiff price but the availability of xylitol still low. In commercially, xylitol production still have some obstacles such as high cost for hydrogenation process and pure xylose as substrate. Therefore, an alternative inexpensive production techniques is required, one of them is using microorganism and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. This research was aimed to optimized xylitol production with immobilized cell Candida tropicalis and Candida guilliermondii and influence nutritional supplementation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. Fermentation was carried out at 30C with shaking speed 120 rpm. Measurement of xylitol concentration determined by spectrophotometer method using D-sorbitol/D-xylitol kit wavelength 492 nm. The use of cell immobilization technique showed the increasing of xylitol concentration 12.28 g/L by incubating time for 96 hours and xylitol concentration 10.84 g/L by free cells. The result of this research indicated that cell of Candida tropicalis is better than Candida guilliermondii by showing higher xylitol concentration. Xylitol concentration by immobilized cells Candida tropicalis was 12.28 g/L from xylose concentration 30 g/L and xylitol concentration by immobilized cells Candida guilliermondii was 2.8 g/L. Xylitol concentration by additional yeast extract was 17 g/L and the best results were achieved when the hydrolysate was supplemented with KH2PO4, which provided xylitol production of 20.31 g/L and yield 0.68 g/g. PRODUKSI XILITOL PADA HIDROLISAT AMPAS TEBU OLEH SEL AMOBIL Candida tropicalis DAN Candida guilliermondii AMELIA SUSAN ANGGRAENI Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains pada Departemen Biokimia DEPARTEMEN BIOKIMIA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR


The NRL's Far UV Cameras experiment flew aboard the Shuttle Orbiter on STS-39, in 1991: obtaining 105-200 nm measurements of the upper atmosphere, astronomical targets, and the Shuttle environment. Attention is presently given to observations of O2 density vs altitude in the nighttime atmosphere, the nocturnal ionosphere, Space Shuttle FUV glow, and photometry for both the stars and diffuse sources of 12 star fields at high and low galactic latitudes. The first FUV observations of the extended region of reflection nebulosity in Scorpius are included.


Some new properties associated with the special class of integer programs known as weighted set covering problems are derived. While it is well known that an optimal integer solution to the set covering problem is a basic feasible solution to the corresponding linear program, we show that there exists an optimal basis which is involutory (i.e., B = B -1 ). This property and others are used to develop a new algorithm which uses strong cutting planes. The cutting planes are strong in the sense that they exclude both integer and noninteger solutions. Computational experience is presented.


The thermal aging and oxidation behavior of polydicyclopentadiene and composites was investigated, and the effects on thermal and mechanical properties were determined. Thermal and mechanical properties were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis, static tensile test, and short-beam shear tests. Diffusion limited oxidation was observed and oxidation was limited within the surface region (∼100 µm) of the sample. Single-fiber push-out test methodology was developed to directly measure the bond strength of fiber-matrix interface, and results showed that aging of composites at 150°C caused significant degradation of the fiber-matrix interface, while aging at 100°C for up to half a year had little effect on interface properties. The fiber-matrix interface strength near exposed surfaces decreased more quickly during aging compared to nonoxidized regions far beneath surfaces. POLYM. COMPOS., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers


SUMMARY We study a recently proposed statistical physics model of earthquake dynamics that includes stress relaxation in the plates as a fundamental ingredient. The model is known to reproduce manyrealisticfeaturesofseismicphenomena,suchas:theGutenberg–Richterlawfortheevent size distribution, the Omori law for aftershocks and an overall velocity-weakening dependence of the average friction force. Here, we analyse the dynamics of the model in detail, in order to investigate to what extent the occurrence of large events in the model can be anticipated. We systematically find that large events occur in fault patches where strain accumulation has exceeded some threshold value. The spatial extent of these patches (which correlate with the magnitude offorthcoming events) canbe calculated ifthe strainstateofthe systemissupposed tobe known. Inaddition, wefind that some large events are preceded by well-defined precursor activity.Thisallows,inafractionofcases,tocomplementtheforecastofmagnitudeandspatial location, with a sensible prediction of time of occurrence. Although our work is exclusively limited to the numerical model analysed, we argue that it gives new breath to earthquake forecast techniques that combine the historical analysis of seismic activity with a search of appropriate precursor activity.


Written in four sections, this book explores a range of ideas about the construction of the Self. It is presented in four sections, each of which includes short fictional pieces (interviews, extracts, dialogues) which locate the ideas as well as presenting more orthodox academic chapters. The four sections each deal with an alternative Metadigm of the Self- the Object, Subject, Conject Self and the Embodied Person- and grapples with the ways in which competing paradigms have often operated in parallel under a broader umbrella of ideas. The core question the work raises is: Which Self?


The use of stopwords has been thoroughly studied in traditional Information Retrieval systems, but remains unexplored in the context of neural models. Neural re-ranking models take the full text of both the query and document into account. Naturally, removing tokens that do not carry relevance information provides us with an opportunity to improve the effectiveness by reducing noise and lower document representation caching-storage requirements. In this work we propose a novel contextualized stopword detection mechanism for neural re-ranking models. This mechanism consists of training a sparse vector in order to filter out document tokens from the ranking decision. This vector is learned end-to-end based on the contextualized document representations, allowing the model to filter terms on a per occurrence basis. This leads to a more explainable model, as it reduces noise. We integrate our component into the state-of-the-art interaction-based TK neural re-ranking model. Our experiments on the MS MARCO passage collection and queries from the TREC 2019 Deep Learning Track show that filtering out traditional stopwords prior to the neural model reduces its effectiveness, while learning to filter out contextualized representations improves it.


The invention relates to a method for detecting a capacitive touch screen. Two layers of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) are arranged on the touch screen, and an insulating layer is arranged between the two layers of ITO. The method comprises the following steps of: emitting a pulse on any layer of ITO and detecting the current of the other ITO layer at the moment; and detecting whether the capacitive touch screen is abnormal by comparing whether the current values are both within a threshold value interval. The method for detecting the capacitive touch screen is simpler and more convenient and can rapidly and accurately judge whether the touch screen is abnormal or not, thereby preventing defective products from entering the next procedure and saving the cost.


Arguably, one of the hottest topics currently discussed in the movie and broadcast audio world is what is commonly referred to as "Immersive Audio" or "3D Audio". Immersive Audio literally raises audio reproduction to a new level with the introduction of channels for elevated (and lowered) sound sources. It is increasing the channel count to up to 22 channels plus 2 subwoofer channels. On top of that Immersive Audio provides means for the reproduction of individual audio objects, revolutionizing the way audio has been employed and perceived in a movie theatre, at home, or on portable devices. This paper takes a close look at the upcoming MPEG 3D Audio open standard framework, which sets out to become the new reference for immersive audio production, transmission and rendering. Originating from the same international standardization body – ISO/IEC MPEG – the standard makes a perfect match for the MPEG HEVC / H.265 video codec and the MPEG-DASH adaptive streaming standard. MPEG 3D Audio boasts an unparalleled feature set including a holistic loudness solution, built-in dynamic range control, object based and parametric based dialogue enhancement, state-of-the-art high efficiency / high quality audio coding technology, flexible rendering to any speaker set-up, binaural rendering, and more. The paper discusses the most relevant features of MPEG 3D Audio, takes a look at the timeline, and evaluates how the standard relates to other ongoing standardization activities, e.g. in ATSC and DVB.


/ = log -i/2.78242 x 6.56 2.548 x 3.51988 ' ' 4 X 2.78242 -(2.548)2 J The mathematically formulated equation, log T= 0.56829C + log 100, considered to be the best fit of the analytical calibration curve, was then used for calculating the standard deviation, relative standard deviation, range, absolute error, and relative error for the modified methylene blue method (see Table 5) and the experimental LAS concentrations (see Table 6).


The effect of corn stalk content and compatibilizer on tensile properties and morphology of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Corn Stalk (CS) biocomposites was studied. The results found that the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased, but Young's modulus increased with increasing CS content. The dispersion and interfacial adhesion between the CS filler and thermoplastic were important factors affecting the tensile properties of composites system. In order to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion, maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizer was added into LDPE/CS biocomposites. The addition of MAPE has enhanced tensile properties and interfacial interaction between CS and LDPE biocomposites, as demonstrated in SEM study.


Summary

Two highly significant seismic quiescence anomalies that started in 1993.0 exist currently within about 40 km of Tokyo. They are located in central Saitama province at 35.99°N/139.56°E and in Tokyo Bay, south of Funabashi, at 35-59°N/l39.94°E The radii of the anomalous volumes are approximately 15 km, centred at about 25 and 20 km depth, respectively. The seismicity rate during the quiescence was less than 10 per cent background rate in both cases. The significance of these quiescences, measured by the standard deviate Z-test, comparing the rate of the last three years to the backgound rate, is higher than for any other rate changes present in the catalogue (Zmax= 7.5 and 7.2 respectively). However, episodes of highly significant quiescences, which could have been interpreted as precursors but were not followed by main shocks, also exist in the data set. A third seismic quiescence was found to be in progress since 1993.3 ± 0.5 in NW Saitama province at 36.18°N/139.22°E. It has a radius of 14 km and is less significant than the other two anomalies (Zmax= 6.8). In a polygon that covers the areas of all three quiescences defined above, the seismicity rate since 1994 is only 30 per cent of the previous background rate (i.e. 100 earthquakes that would normally have occurred did not). This analysis is based on the earthquake catalogue of the National Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention for the years 1980-1996.2 and Mmin= 1.0, as well as for the years 1986.2-1996.2 with Mmin= 0.1. The anomalies are equally clear in the clustered and in the full catalogues. To avoid contamination by explosions, only nighttime data (19:00 to 7:00 hours local time) were used.

The frequency-magnitude distributions in the quiescent volumes at central Saitama. NW Saitama and Funabashi have b-values of 1.3, 1.5 and 1.1, respectively. Based on the hypothesis that crustal volumes with high b-values may not be capable of M6 + earthquakes, these three quiescent volumes may be ruled out as source volumes for main shocks of these magnitudes. Using lilt seismic quiescence hypothesis alone, it is a reasonable interpretation to suggest that M = 6.5 ± 0.5 earthquakes are expected to terminate each of the three quiescences within 1 year ± 1 year from now, with a 50 per cent probability each. The interpretation that all three quiet volumes could rupture together in a large earthquake seems less likely. However, based on the information that the quiescences are located in volumes with b-values above the average b= 0.8, it can be argued that the three current quiescences are false alarms. The fact that these two lines of evidence allow opposing interpretations in these cases shows that neither hypothesis is sufficiently tested. Thus, the quiescence hypothesis is not advanced enough for issuing earthquake predictions. Nevertheless, it is important that scientific tests of prediction scenarios are formulated in real time, so we can learn how to modify our hypotheses to make them useful for prediction in the future.


In this paper, we illustrate a concrete case to apply the Life-Based Design approach to identifying human goals for technology to achieve. We focus on a form-of-life method of design, which seeks to reach a mental state of "digital wellbeing." Digital well-being aims to facilitate digitalization and changes in the digital environment, and to maximize the availability and accessibility of services. We evaluate the target group of senior citizens, who are facing an accelerating pace of digitalization of the services in their daily lives. This increases their sense of anxiety and undermines their well-being.


Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), an exotoxin produced by staphylococcal aureus, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released from bacterial cell walls, produce similar flu‐like symptoms. By comparing human genetic responses to these toxins, a set of genes can be identified to facilitate rapid diagnosis and potentially prevent lethal shock due to prolonged toxin exposure. SEB‐infected and LPS‐infected RNA samples were gathered from PBMC cells at several time points, between 2 and 72 hours. Gene expression patterns specific for both toxins were determined by microarray analysis and critical genes were identified by GeneSpring analysis software. A set of these genes was selected for analysis based on function, such as apoptosis, cytokine induction, phosphorylation or transporter activity. After designing primers for the target genes, real time PCR and RT‐PCR were used to confirm the gene expression pattern initially established by microarray analysis. The combination of microarray, real‐time PCR and RT‐PCR analysis techniques provides us the opportunity to effectively and accurately identify and confirm a set of toxin‐specific genes.


The ability to negotiate successfully is critical in many social interactions. The dissemination of applications such as the Internet across geographical and ethnic borders is opening up opportunities for computer agents to negotiate with people of diverse cultures. These automated negotiators should be able to proficiently interact with their human partners. This paper presents an agent design for negotiating with people in settings where participants repeatedly need to agree on the exchange of scarce resources, but agreements are not binding. Such settings characterize many interactions in the real world. A major challenge of modeling people's behavior in such settings is that people retaliate or reward each other's actions over time, despite the absence of direct material benefit. In addition, people's behavior is highly dependent on social and cultural factors. To meet this challenge, our approach combines machine learning techniques of people's negotiation behavior in a game with decision theory. Our Personality Adaptive Learning (PAL) agent explicitly reasons about the tradeoff between being reliable and generous towards people and the ramifications of its actions on its future success, given its model of how people retaliate and reward its actions. In our empirical investigation we performed extensive human subject trials which were used to train models of people's behavior. We compared the performance of PAL with new people. Our preliminary results show that when learning models from subjects in Israel, PAL was able to outperform new people in Israel in all dependency relationships. Our hypothesis is that these results will also generalize to models learned from data collected in the U.S. and Lebanon.


Combining the practice of economic system transition and the imperfection of market supervision sysytem ,this paper builds up a new model of risk share ratio selection.Making use of the model ,policy suggestion on perfecting construction market is proposed and the cause of prolems in bidding practice is analysed.


This paper discusses copula model selection procedures and goodness-of-fit tests under censoring. The proposed methodology is based on a comparison of nonparametric and model-based estimators of the probability integral transformation, K. New weighted estimators for K are introduced. The resulting tests are compared to an existing approach by simulation and illustrated with an example involving bleeding changes in a woman's reproductive history. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.


Idle time is an essential and valuable factor in the production of any service. While idle time is necessary and helpful for efficient and effective utilization of time, it also has a negative effect that managers try to minimize. This paper illustrates either analytically or numerically the different effects of idle time on total net revenue. It first presents the case in which idle time is determined arbitrarily, and then shows idle time that has no direct negative effect on total revenue but a positive effect on the efficient use of active time.


The invention relates to a device applied to night laser three-dimensional illumination of a camera. The device comprises a laser generator, an electric beam-expanding collimation lens, an optical deflector, a video camera with an automatic zooming lens and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor). A laser beam emitted from the laser generator enters the optical deflector through the electric beam-expanding collimation lens, and the laser generator, the electric beam-expanding collimation lens, the optical deflector and the video camera are respectively electrically connected with the DSP. The DSP can drive an X-Y scanner to act by a scan drive circuit of the optical deflector so as to control illumination scan of the laser beam on an object. According to the device applied to the night laser three-dimensional illumination of the camera, disclosed by the invention, traditional surface illumination is changed to be novel point illumination, the point illumination is to gradually illuminate andexpose pixels of an illuminated object one by one, and an illumination time sequence of the device is synchronous with pixel read of an image sensor of the camera, thus no matter how far the distances of any objects are, different exposure can be respectively obtained in a whole illumination range at any angles in any directions and shapes.


This paper focuses the attention on the deployment of the SnowSAR sensor by MetaSensing within the NASA's Snow Field Experiment (SNOWEX) campaign, discussing the preliminary results following the mission in Colorado during February 2017. Originally developed as instrument for supporting the Phase A studies for the proposed CoReH2O (Cold Regions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory) Earth Explorer candidate mission by the European Space Agency, the SnowSAR has been widely operated in the recent years for simultaneously acquiring airborne polarimetric SAR data at X- and Ku-bands. The processed and radiometrically calibrated SAR images have been used as inputs for developing/validating SWE retrieval algorithms, in synergy with the outcome of other concurrent measurements. Significant challenges have been shown in this practice, and the need for comprehensive measurements on relevant physical properties of snow and ice is still evident, as the SNOWEX campaign testifies.


Introduction and Background: Observations of impact craters on planetary bodies are primarily conducted using surficial analysis [1-4]. Interpretation of the subsurface beneath craters is thus commonly limited to what can be indirectly inferred from data about their surface structure, for example, from altimetry data [57]. On Mars, a population of craters on the edge of Valles Marineris has been exposed in cross-section due to erosion and tectonic activity. These "cut craters" provide an opportunity to examine the subsurface of the impact craters and the surrounding target material directly. Cut craters (Figures 1, 2) previously identified for this study by Bradley Thomson and James Huntington are exposed via lateral erosion and backwasting, exposing layers in the subsurface that can be mapped to determine characteristics of both the impact crater and the target material [8]. Layers (where present) are exposed on the canyon walls, allowing for a more complete understanding of the subsurface both inside and outside the cut craters in a manner similar to classic small-scale impact experiments into layered sand [9]. Methods: Stereo pair images from the HiRISE instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) [10] were used to construct digital elevation models (DEMs) of previously identified cut crater locations [8] using the Ames Stereo Pipeline [11, 12]. The DEMs of each cut crater were imported into ArcGIS, and then subsurface layers were mapped by visual identification [8] (Figure 3). Each layer mapped was regionally named by the location around the crater where it is observed, then converted to discrete points. Elevations were acquired for each point in each mapped layer of a cut crater location, then coupled with the x and y coordinate values, before importing into MATLAB [8]. A surface-fitting routine was then used to identify the bestfit plane to each set of points, allowing each layer to be isolated and observed. Observations and Conclusions: The mapped layers show primary characteristics of the subsurface layers of the cut crater. In the crater VM007 (Figs. 2 and 3), the layer in MATLAB illustrates the angle of the subsurface layer, from which layer thickness, rim uplift, and ejecta properties can be determined. The mathematically produced layers also provide insight into the overall nature of the geometry of the VM007 layers. The rim to rim diameter of VM007 is 2.36 km while the observable crater rim edge extends farther into Valles Marineris. The mapped layers exist beneath the crater are exposed and have a greater strength than the surrounding rock that has been eroded down forming Valles Marineris. The upper edge of Valles Marineris has a similar shape to both lower layers, which implies Figure 1. Valles Marineris with all of the locations identified as cut craters labeled in red. Preliminary studies have been done of VM001, VM003, VM006, VM007, VM014, VM017, VM019, and VM027. This study focuses primarily on VM007.