In order to improve the effect of music classroom teaching and the degree of informatization, this paper builds a music classroom auxiliary teaching system with the support of intelligent speech recognition technology, and conducts in-depth research on the audio classification and segmentation technology of music teaching classrooms. Moreover, this paper uses support vector machines to divide audio into five types: mute, background sound, song music, speech, and noisy speech. At the same time, this paper also proposes a smoothing method based on the classification result sequence to obtain audio segmentation points. In addition, this paper constructs a system model based on the actual needs of music classroom teaching, and performs vocal feature recognition with the support of intelligent speech recognition. Finally, this paper verifies and analyzes the performance of the system constructed in this paper through experimental research. The research results show that the intelligent music classroom auxiliary teaching system constructed in this paper has a certain effect.


By introducing an electrostatic problem analogous to the impedance function problem it is found possible to prove that, under simple and quite broad assumptions, the maximum possible gain‐band width products for two‐terminal coupling, four‐terminal low‐pass coupling and four‐terminal band‐pass coupling are, respectively, 1, 2.47, and 2.53 times g/πC. The first result was conjectured by Wheeler long ago, and it and the second have recently been proved by Bode. The last result covers a case more general than those considered by Bode.


There is a wealth of information available when combining the US census data with state cancer registries. The article byWan et al in this month's issue of the SouthernMedical Journal studies the effect of using different geographic groupings on the study of prostate cancer mortality in African Americans versus whites in Texas.Most of us are unaware of the exact mechanism of census taking or the valuable data made available through this effort. The census data are presented by state, county, ZIPcode, blocks (for rural areas), and tracts (for metropolitan areas). The census tracts are designed by local committees to represent groupings of population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions (http://www.census.gov/ geo/www/cen_tract.html).Using census tract data, other studies have shown a link between prostate cancer mortality and racial status in Texas (eg, White et al. Cancer 2011;117(5):1080Y8). In this study, the authors looked into the relationship of geographic groupings of people in the census with respect to mortality figures for prostate cancer. The intent was to see how health disparities (prostate cancer mortality) varied with the scale of geographic groupings. Differences in mortality by race at the block grouping and census tract level diminished and even disappeared at the county level. The implication for design of future studies is that health disparities researchers must choose the appropriate-size geographic scales when designing comparative studies. The authors point out that the scale may be different for different disease processes as well. Practically speaking, the value of these studies lies in their ability to influence the direction of resources to the appropriate communities. To influence prostate cancer mortality for those within the lower socioeconomic strata, focused efforts at community education and targeted clinical trials may offer an alternative to ''screening.'' Invited Commentary


The paper is devoted to the development of a method for reconstructing the scattering properties of a rough surface. The rough surface, in this case, is the dielectricair interface. Typically, these properties are described by the bidirectional scattering distribution function. Direct measuring of such functions is either impossible, or its cost is very high. The method of reconstructing the bidirectional scattering distribution function, based on the distribution of the elevations of the microrelief, requires a complicated fitting procedure and often yields not very good results. In the proposed solution, the rough surface is modelled by a parametric function that simulates the density distribution of the normals to the faces of the surface microrelief. The result of optimizing the density distribution of the normals to the faces of the surface microrelief is in good agreement with the expected one.


Development of large-capacity optical fiber transmission systems in Japan is reviewed and futuristic optoelectronic technologies are discussed including optical devices and their integration, optical fibers, coherent transmission, and optical switching studies.


In today's technological era, the ability to access information through digital signals, especially voice, requires sophisticated and comprehensive applications that can convert physical signals into electrical signals. Its purpose is to assist humans in displaying and analysing structured and automated data obtained from tools with their unique set of features. In this study, we used signal data for different sounds, such as rock songs, birdsong, acoustic sounds, and conversational sounds. The data is checked using software and undergoes a data acquisition process. The results of the study are expected to reinforce that environmental sound processing is predicted to assist the development of more sophisticated automated monitoring systems capable of combining voice and visual data in a complementary way.


The authors measured perceptions of safety climate, motivation, and behavior at 2 time points and linked them to prior and subsequent levels of accidents over a 5-year period. A series of analyses examined the effects of top-down and bottom-up processes operating simultaneously over time. In terms of top-down effects, average levels of safety climate within groups at 1 point in time predicted subsequent changes in individual safety motivation. Individual safety motivation, in turn, was associated with subsequent changes in self-reported safety behavior. In terms of bottom-up effects, improvements in the average level of safety behavior within groups were associated with a subsequent reduction in accidents at the group level. The results contribute to an understanding of the factors influencing workplace safety and the levels and lags at which these effects operate.


The invention relates to a band assembly (1) in a Satinageanordnung (21) having a closed conditioning belt (4) disposed around guide rollers (11, 12, 13) is guided, which have a low intrinsic deflection, the system band (4) over a path section a paper web (2) is in contact with this and it against a treatment device (5) applies. In order to improve the uniformity of treatment of the paper web (2), at least one parameter of the system band (4) varies transversely to its running direction so that the paper web (2) in contact with the treatment device (5) over the web width is substantially constant tension having.


This article in view of the ship with the hoist crane special operating mode,has designed one kind of permanent tensity system for it;And through the simulation analysis and the scene debugging experiment,confirms this kind of system to satisfy it in the hoisting up process request,thus provides the reference for the ship with the hoist crane design research.


The permanent shutdown and decommissioning of NPPs (nuclear power plant) has been growing steadily in the world after Fukushima accident. According to IAEA, the number of the shutdown of NPPs is totally 194 in the world [1]. In the Korea, there are 24 operating NPPs, 4 NPPs under construction and 2 shutdown NPPs. Especially, Kori-1 and Wolsong-1 have permanent shutdown and 10 NPPs will come to end of lifetime as 40 years until 2029 based on NPPs lifetime. But, Korea has only experience on decommissioning of research reactor, TRIGA MARK-3. Therefore, government, research institute, university and industry have conducted development of various technologies and regulations related decommissioning of NPPs. The management of radioactive waste generated decommissioning of NPPs is important issues. Because, according to literature of decommissioned NPPs, period and cost for decommissioning of NPPs are impacted by radioactive waste. As shown in table I, most radioactive waste of decommissioning consists of metal and concrete at PWR with power capacity of 900 1300 MWe.


Danahay, Martin A. A Community of One: Masculine Autobiography and Autonomy in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993. x + 232 pp. $64.50 cloth; $21.95 paper. Kincaid, James R. Child-Loving: The Erotic Child and Victorian Culture. New York: Routledge, 1992; 2nd ed., 1994. xi + 413 pp. $35.00 cloth; $16.95 paper. There is underway a refreshing revision of Victorian literary and cultural studies. This is evidenced by two books in particular, published since the late autumn of 1992. The two, Child-Loving and A Community of One, by James R. Kincaid and Martin A. Danahay, respectively, offer significant contributions to nineteenth-century scholarship in their differing fields. Although the diversity, of both subject matter and approach, can only be warmly praised and unequivocally welcomed, in certain cases the arguments may well elicit knee-jerk responses. Indeed, with regard to Kincaid's book, this has already been the case in Great Britain, and not confined to academic circles. Still, if we come to these books with the open minds and the flexibility of thought they require, we will be rewarded by freshness without modish fashionability, theoretical sophistication, subtlety of reading, and complexity of conceptualization. It is always a pleasant surprise to acquire new knowledge. It is equally a surprise, though not necessarily a pleasant one, to have one's beliefs, views, and dogmas challenged in ways that, if one is honest, force one to re-evaluate one's own position. To find that one's knowledge is merely a kind of cultural "knowingness," a form of received and critically unchallenged social wisdom that is used to contain society in its current form, can be a shock. The shock to a particular world-view can be such that one might not wish to read, but, instead, have that which offends banned, censored. James Kincaid's Child-Loving: The Erotic Child and Victorian Culture has already evinced such a response, from one British reviewer, the critic John Carey, in the national newspaper, The Sunday Times. Carey's review provides the most obvious of responses to Kincaid's book. It veers between ad hominem diatribe and thinly veiled accusations that Kincaid was suggesting we all undress little children and enjoy them at our own leisure. Yes, the book does deal with the uncomfortable subject of pedophilia and the cultural construction of pedophiles as monsters in our society, as distinct from other more "hidden" forms of child abuse, as though identifying the pedophile meant letting the child abuser in the home off the hook. But Kincaid's position, pace John Carey, is not the same as advocating pedophilia as a "socially acceptable" practice. Carey's review does not seem so much to get steamed up about, although it does typify, both in the Britain and the United States, a certain formal response to a socially sensitive subject, to which conservative critics on both sides of the Atlantic overreact. The veneer of reasoned thinking on which "quality journalism" relies (as distinct from the more obvious excesses of its "yellow" cousin), whether in British newspapers such as the London Times, or The New York Times or The New York Review of Books, soon becomes peeled off at a moment of ideological tenderness (if you recall the "furore" over Paul de Man and, by extension "deconstruction" in American popular criticism, you should have a sense of what I am describing). What is particularly wrong about overreaction, whatever its ideological positioning, is, as we all know from personal experience, the plain wrong-headedness of the reviewer. Carey's review, as the example of this, gave one the sense that he just had not read the book carefully enough, so incensed had he become by certain phrases and terms in the introduction. In Britain at the time of ChildLoving's initial publication the negative response went further, bringing about rabid responses in certain areas of tabloid journalism (of the kind thankfully absent in the United States), which demanded that the department of the Police force responsible for inquiries into matters relating to vice be called in to investigate, while a Conservative politician allegedly raised the question of the book's propriety in the House of Commons. …


This paper expounds the necessity of the fund control from the practice of fund control in Fengfeng Mining Administration Bureau and suggests the framework of fund control in state-run enterprises. It also points out the solution through means of information and evaluates the operation and effect of the account settling center.


This chapter discusses in a very readable and down-to-earth fashion the struggles and victories that a college professor encountered as he switched from live instruction to remote e-learning in a heartbeat. The chapter also includes 2-3 paragraph unedited impressions and reflections by first generation and international undergraduate students as to their feelings about the switch to remote e-learning. For most of them this was the first time they experienced either synchronous or asynchronous e-learning.


The phenomenon of summer mortality in Pacific oysters cultures also occurs in Brazilian crops, with predominance in the adult phase, generating significant losses for local producers. In the search for a technological solution to mitigate its effects, the mechanical vapour compression and hydraulic refrigeration concepts are evaluated as two proposed cooling technologies. The comparative analysis carried out with numeric simulations indicated that the hydraulic cooling system presents disadvantages regarding both the size of the compression column and the energy efficiency, compared to the mechanical vapour compression cycle. By computing only the compression power, a COP value of 6.9 results for the MVCS at TCOND = 29.5 oC and TEVAP = 7.2 oC, while for HRS the COP value is around 3.1 for identical conditions. Results from the analysis contradict former publications, but are consistent with recent findings reported in literature.


The pipeline plays an important role in transporting liquid metals over long distances. However, due to the harsh conditions on the construction site, the pipelines are always exposed to structural damage due to corrosion, damage, etc. These pipelines are often vulnerable to natural and third-party events such as explosions, earthquakes, explosions, drilling and vehicle traffic. Methods for monitoring liquid metal pipes include the use of continuous pipe assessments and pipe integration management systems. One of the biggest challenges faced by liquid metal pipeline system in the past has been the real-time monitoring of seamless pipes at certain locations. Previous studies of liquid metal pipeline monitoring have rarely focused on real-time wireless data transmission and data monitoring in the Internet of Things (IoT) operating system. In this paper, we propose an optimal liquid metal pipeline damage detection using IoT sensor platform and hybrid soft computing techniques. The proposed work consists of two fold systems such as data collection and data processing unit. In data collection unit, we utilize IoT sensors deployment with the multimedia sensors to gather liquid metal pipeline images which improve the detection accuracy. In data processing unit, we introduce a hybrid cat hunting based neural network (hybrid CHNN) to detect and localize the pipeline damages/cracks to avoid unwanted leakage and accidents. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposed hybrid CHNN detector with the different test samples and the simulation results are compared with the existing stateof- art pipeline damage detectors in terms of accuracy, precision, Recall and F-measure.


This handbook forms part of a series on issues of diversity in clinical neuropsychology. According to the publishers, "The purpose of this series is to enhance the cultural competence of neuropsychologists working in medical, mental health, and educational settings." The editor's goal to write about "brain–behaviour relationships across the female life span", was met within the 10 edited chapters. An 89 page appendix contains the 2005 Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Women's Health Care Competencies for Medical Students: Taking Steps to include Sex and Gender Differences in the Curriculum. The strength of this book is its broad medical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of certain disorders, i.e., traumatic brain injury, dyslexia, epilepsy, eating disorders, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorders, fibromyalgia, and multiple sclerosis, as they manifest in females. Clark and Pompa's excellent review of women and traumatic brain injury (Chapter 4) provided an updated, concise, accurate and critical description of the literature. It contrasted findings from the animal and human literature pointing out the protective effect of oestrogen in recovery from brain injury that is simply not evidenced yet in human research studies. The authors alert neuropsychologists and others that the opportunity to study both men and women veterans with blast-related head injuries from the wars in Iran and Afghanistan will present itself over the next decade. Equally informative and current was Fletcher-Janzen's comprehensive review of sex and gender differences in the assessment, treatment, and management of epilepsy. The reprinted Physician's Discussion Checklist for Women with Epilepsy emphasises how extensive training needs to be in 2010 about medication, puberty, and pregnancy in women with seizure disorders. This chapter did not contain much on the cognitive neuropsychological findings related to women and epilepsy, but the author offered provocative recommendations that neuropsychology professionals, "should be sensitive to the gender differences presented by the individual at different times during the course of treatment". NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION 2010, 20 (2), 316–317


The European Component Oriented Architecture, (ECOA), concept provides a framework for portability and interoperability of Application Software Components, (ASC), through use of an interfacing layer, which permits a standardised but abstractly specified component interface to be mapped through to a range of different computing platforms. This flexibility is expected to revolutionise how the military avionics industry procures and develops software systems, including reducing costs and timescales to deployment of new and enhanced systems. These benefits are only realised if an equally flexible approach can be taken for safety certification and security accreditation. Unfortunately, the standards, regulators and approaches required in each of the nation states are not the same, hence it has been necessary to search for shared objectives wherever possible, but also allow points of variation where necessary. The approach proposed is pragmatic and simple but leaves scope for more rigour to be applied where appropriate, for example, for higher assurance systems. Although the ECOA concepts were developed with the military avionic sector in mind, the concepts and the approach to recording safety and security information may also be useful in other domains. The ECOA concept is currently under development by: Dassault Aviation, BAE Systems, AgustaWestland, Bull, General Dynamics, GE Aviation, Selex and Thales, funded jointly by UK and French governments.


We propose a novel method of training neural networks for industrial image classification that can reduce the effect of imbalanced data in supervised training. We considered visual quality inspection of industrial products as an image-classification task and attempted to solve this with a convolutional neural network; however, a problem of imbalanced data emerged in supervised training in which the neural network cannot optimize parameters. Since most industrial products are not defective, samples of defective products were fewer than those of the non-defective products; this difference in the number of samples causes an imbalance in training data. A neural network trained with imbalanced data often has varied levels of precision in determining each class depending on the difference in the number of class samples in the training data, which is a significant problem in industrial quality inspection. As a solution to this problem, we propose a balanced mini-batch training method that can virtually balance the class ratio of training samples. In an experiment, the neural network trained with the proposed method achieved higher classification ability than that trained with over-sampled or undersampled data for two types of imbalanced image datasets.


We study the distances and gravitational lensing in spherically symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models consisting of inner and outer homogeneous regions that are connected by a single shell or double shells at redshift z1 ~ 0.067. The density and Hubble parameters in the inner region are assumed to be smaller and larger, respectively, than those in the outer region. It is found that at the stage z1 < z < 1.5 the distances from an observer in the inner voidlike region are larger than the counterparts (with equal z) in the corresponding homogeneous Friedmann models, and hence the magnitudes for the sources at this stage are larger. This effect of the voidlike low-density region may explain the deviations of the observed (magnitude-redshift) relation of supernovae (SNe) Ia from the relation in homogeneous models, independently of the cosmological constant. When the position of the observer deviates from the center, moreover, it is shown that the distances are anisotropic, and the images of remote sources are systematically deformed. The above relation at z ≳ 1.0, and this anisotropy will observationally distinguish the role of the above voidlike region from that of the positive cosmological constant. The influence on the time delay measurement is also discussed.


We thank the reviewer for their comments. As we have indicated in our response to the first reviewer (Mohr), we agree that more references should have been included to reflect more recent studies with analytical Stokes solutions in shell domains. We have addressed this in a revised manuscript by adding references to these more recent publications and by adding a new section that discusses the relation between the solution sets in this paper and those publications. We thank the reviewer for highlighting this shortcoming of our original manuscript.


The invention relates to the field of glass detection technology, in particular to a panel glass comparing and measuring tool. According to the invention, via the vertical relative movement between a slide seat and a fixed substrate, vertical distance between a fixed measuring head and a moving measuring head can be adjusted to match different thicknesses of glass. In this way, the moving measuring head moves in the direction parallel to a first panel to drive the measuring rod to telescope, so errors of to-be-measured glass can be measured and measurement precision is high. A dial indicator is internally arranged in the panel glass comparing and measuring tool and the fixed measuring head and the moving measuring head are easy to change.


The effective operation of HIS can insure the flexibility,time-limited efficacy,completeness and accuracy of medical apparatus financial management to present financial reports for leaders and staff.It is usefull for medical appaˉratus financial management to be developed intensively,efficiantly and qualityless.


The Kluzniak & Abramowicz model explains high frequency, double peak, "3:2" QPOs observed in neutron star and black hole sources in terms of a non-linear parametric resonance between radial and vertical epicyclic oscillations of an almost Keplerian accretion disk. The 3:2 ratio of epicyclic frequencies occurs only in strong gravity. Rebusco (2004) and Horak (2004) studied the model analytically: they proved that a small forcing may indeed excite the parametric 3:2 resonance, but they have not explained the physical nature of the forcing. Here we integrate their equations numerically, dropping the ad hoc forcing, and adding instead a stochastic term to mimic the action of the very complex processes that occur in disks as, for example,
MRI turbulence. We demonstrate that the presence of the stochastic term triggers the resonance in epicyclic oscillations of nearly Keplerian disks, and influences their pattern.


Flavanol compounds are chalcone derivatives, generally found in hydroxy substituted forms that can act as ligands. Hydroxy-substituted flavonols are found in many plants but in very small amounts. In order to enrich and expand the use of this compound as a ligand, the synthetic methods were carried out through structural variations, one of which was by substitution using chloride and then the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) was obtained. In this research, the study was conducted using the compound (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromene-4-one) as a ligand for complex formation with copper (II). From the results of the study, the mole ratio of the ligand with copper (II) metal was 2:1, pH 7.01 with a complex stability time of 15-25 minutes. The complex formed is bright yellow in color and soluble in chloroform. From the characterization of the resulted complex, it was appeared that Cu-flavonol chloride with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorption at wavelengths 273 and 429 indicating the presence of benzoyl and cinnamoyl peaks, with FT-IR showing the wave number 1545cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu=O-Cu bonds and absorption at 682 cm-1 indicating the presence of Cu-O bonds.


Porpilyromonas endodontalis is specifically involved in endodontic infections. The bacterium can be isolated almost exclusively only from infected rool canals. P. gingivalis also has been implicated in endodontic infection. Pathogemcity of P. gingival is is attributed to a variety of virulence factors, especially proteases, produced by the bacterium. Importance of P. endodontalis in endodontic infection has been revealed. However, the pathogenic property of P. endodontalis has not been extensively studied. The present study was undertaken to characterize the proteolytic activity of P. endodontalis and compare the activity with that of P. gingivalis which has the most potent and diverse proteases among oral bacteria. For this purpose, culture supematants(SUP) and cell extracts(CE) were obtained from these two bacteria and were subjected to zymography using 15% polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with gelatin, type I, IV collagens or albumin. Hydrolysis of the collagens was further investigated by the cleavage assay using native type I and IV collagens in solution-phase. The results were as follows: 1. P. endodontalis apparently has a proteolytic activity that is comparable with that of P. gingivalis. 2. SUP and CE obtained from P. endodontalis and P. gingival is showed the strongest activity for gelatin, followed by type I and IV collagens, and albumin. 3. In the zymography, no noticeable difference in proteolytic activity for gelatin and albumin between the SUP and CE was observed, but in the cleavage assay using native collagens, the SUP showed a stronger collagenolytic activity than the CE. 4. The gelatinolytic activity of both the SUP and CE from these two bacteria was diminished in the presence of or reducing agents such as -mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol(DTT). 5. Type I(calf skin and human placenta) collagenolytic activity of P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was reduced by DTT but not affected by . The inhibitory effect of DTT, however, was reduced to some extent by . 6. Type IV collagenolytic activity of these two bacteria was not affected by but increased to some extent in association with the reducing agents. 7. Hydrolysis of albumin by P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis was demonstrated only in the presence of the reducing agents. The overall results indicate that with respect to proteolytic activity, P. endodontalis appears to be as potent as P. gingivalis, or maybe more, and its proteolytic characteristic is similar to that of P. gingivalis. This suggests that P. endodontalis has so potent proteolytic activity that can participate by itself in endodontic infections and apical periodontitis, causing tissue destruction.


2 Abstract: The impact of winter climate on indoor and outdoor air particulate concentrations (ID and ODPC), concentrations of TSP, sizes and nature in broiler houses were recorded weekly. In closed and Open houses (Chs and OHs) significant positive correlations were recorded between ID and OD climate. Significantly decreased ID Ta. C and A.V m/sec and increased RH% in open vs closed. OD Ta. C significantly decreased o o


We present a lattice QCD calculation of the heavy quark expansion parameters m p and m G for heavy-light mesons and heavy-light-light baryons. The calculation is carried out on a 20 3 348 lattice at b56.0 in the quenched approximation, using the lattice NRQCD action for heavy quarks. We obtain the parameters m p and m G in two different methods: a direct calculation of the matrix elements and an indirect calculation through the mass spectrum, and confirm that both the methods give consistent results. We also discuss an application to the lifetime ratios.


We apply fuzzy techniques to incorporate external data into p-median problems. So we can detect certain solutions that would be discarded by usual crisp and fuzzy algorithms but that contrasted with this additional information can be advantageous. This usually reveals a pathology of the model and hence our methods provide some fuzzy validation criteria for p-median models. Ó 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This paper focuses on analysing frequency quality of Nordic power system using measurements from phasor measurement units (PMU). The PMU data of one year long period is used which has very high time resolution (20 ms per sample) and is able to provide detailed information in evaluating frequency quality and its correlation with time. The results show that the frequency quality of the Nordic power system is not satisfactory according to the suggested requirements. The electricity market operation is found to be one of the major reasons behind. Based on the results, discussion of frequency control for future power system is made where several new technologies of interests are suggested to be investigated.


[Objective]To study the cellular immunity to rabies of the persons vaccinated with rabies vaccine.[Methods]Testing the antibody and the percent of transformed lymphocyte(PTL) to rabies of the persons vaccinated rabies vaccine after 15 days.[Results]Of the persons vaccinated with rabies vaccine,the mean PTL,spontaneous PTL,rabies virus PTL and the particular rabies virus PTL were 83.99%,8.93%,15.06% and 6.13% respectively.The discrepancy of rabies virus PTL and particular PTL between the positive antibody group and the negative antibody group had great significance(P0.01).[Conclusion]Of the persons whose rabies antibody was positive after vaccinated with rabies vaccine,73.08% persons produced particular cellular immunity.But the persons whose rabies antibody was negative did not produce the particular cellular immunity.


A control system consisting of a decentralized feedback controller, a centralized feedforward controller and a decoupler is presented for the Middle Route Project for South‐to‐North Water Transfer in China. The feedback controller is a kind of level‐discharge cascade adaptive PI controller, which has the merit of diminishing unknown disturbances and reducing coupling effects of the control action on downstream canal pools. The volume compensation algorithm is used in the feedforward controller to reduce time delays in scheduled delivery of the long‐ distance canal system. And the decoupler is designed to decrease the coupling effects of the control action from the upstream pools. This controller is tested in part of the Middle Route Project for South‐to‐North Water Transfer using distant downstream water depth by means of numerical simulation. The results show that the control system can efficiently deal with known and unknown disturbances, and can significantly reduce the delay time and the coupling effects between the canal pools. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Neotypification of Thalictrum maritimum Dufour (Ranun- culaceae), endemic plant from Eastern of Iberian Peninsula. A neotypus of Thalictrum maritimum Dufour (Ranunculaceae), species from the Albufera of Va- lencia (Spain) is designated here. The specimen selected as type has been collected in the classical locality of this species. Key words: Leon Dufour, neotype, nomen- clature, Thalictrum maritimum, Valencian province, Spain.


The purpose of this investigation was to compare isometric test procedures (make vs. break tests by muscle groups) with elementary school girls, ages 9–11, using hand-held dynamometry. Fifty subjects in Grades 3 and 4 performed three trials on four muscle groups using each testing procedure following a preliminary session to allow familiarity with the instrumentation, test procedures, and test positions. Retest measurements were taken in 5–7 days with the order of the test procedures counterbalanced. Four 2 × 2 (Side × Test Condition) AM0VAs, with repeated measures on each-factor, were used to analyze the data. Significant Side × Test Condition interaction effects were evident for knee extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder abduction. Except for the knee extension, the break test produced higher values than the make test in all muscle groups, which is in agreement with previous investigations.


miles along the boundary between the United States and Canada. For the remainder of its course, some 400 miles in length, it lies wholly within Canadian territory. Deep draft ocean shipping now reaches up the river to the port of Montreal, 183 miles by river from Lake Ontario, the lowermost of the Great Lakes. Montreal enjoys, indeed, the distinction of being the largest grain shipping port of North America. The proposal to make this remaining 183 miles of river available for deep draft shipping is the project known as the St. Lawrence Waterway. The St. Lawrence enjoys a unique position in being a great river without floods and without low water. The Great Lakes absorb the excess rainfall that creates the floods of other rivers, and distribute it in a steady flow, of large volume, through the year. As a consequence the river, even in much of its course between Lake Ontario and


In the article, the economies of scale of the logistics transportation network was chosen as the evaluation tools, and then the logistics transportation network system was decomposed and the mathematics covariance method was applied to build up its model for the first time. Finally, The results show that there exists the economies of scale and get the methods to obtain it. This method provides a new way of thinking and method to analyze the economies of network of the logistics transportation network for the future.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by new onset of hypertension along with signs of organ damage, affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies, and can result in serious complications to the mother and her child. There is little empirical evidence on the clinical importance of differences in blood pressure trajectories over the course of pregnancy, particularly in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. We undertook an investigation of longitudinal changes in gestational blood pressure in a nested case-control study of preeclampsia in MoBa (Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study). We included 1906 validated preeclampsia cases and 1413 validated controls. We derived blood pressure trajectory clusters using longitudinal k-means clustering and examined demographic and early-pregnancy predictors and birth outcomes, in relation to clusters. Maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity were substantially different across blood pressure clusters of cases. Pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, and birthweight Z score, were meaningfully worse for individuals with a more rapid increase in blood pressure, as well as for individuals with a high starting blood pressure. For example, risk of preterm birth was 11-fold to 35-fold higher for steep and high trajectory clusters, and risk of small for gestational age was 2-fold higher compared with the reference cluster. Future studies may leverage these trajectories to differentiate preeclampsia cases in relation to circulating biomarkers, which may help in the development of preeclampsia prediction tools.


In the present work, we report the preparation of graphene (G) doped polyacrylic acid/polyaniline (G-PAA/PANI) composites with excellent processibility for ensuring ultrathin, defect-free and highly flexible films, as well as high electrochemical performance. The weight content of PANI is maximized under the constraint of still allowing defect-free films, and the G content is optimized. Interestingly, we combine two steps that both, if taken in isolation as a strategy, worsen the solubility. The PANI and G contents are optimized to be 20 wt% and 1.3 wt%, respectively. The optimal G-PAA/PANI composite film has a gravimetric capacitance of 399 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1, which is more than twice that of pure PANI nanoparticles. Considering the film thickness of only 50 μm, its specific areal and volumetric capacitances are as high as 1.20 F cm−2 and 240 F cm−3. The film still has a gravimetric capacitance of 342 F g−1 at a high scan rate of 100 mV s−1 (86% of that at 10 mV s−1), which promises great potential for applications needing a rapid charge/discharge. An assembled all-solid-state supercapacitor using two such flexible G-PAA/PANI films provides 93 F g−1; an eighteen-fold improvement over that of a previously reported similar device. The capacitor also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability under different bending angles.


An introduction to multivariable control system design has been presented. Due to lack of space, only a brief overview has been given, but the interested reader can consult the references cited for further discussion.


In this paper, for the aim of increasing the production rate of highly aligned nanofibers, electrocentrifuge spinning (ECS) technique was modified by equipping it with two nozzles as the spinneret. This new setup obviously doubles the production rate of nanofibers relative to the conventional ECS. To investigate the effect of this modification on the degree of nanofibers alignment (DeNA), the values of DeNA were measured for 30 distinctive experiments and the results were compared with that of ECS setup with a single nozzle. The originality of this work has lain in the fact that for these 30 experiments, which were designed by Design Expert Software (DES), the DeNA of the new ECS was the same as the conventional setup. Additionally, a spinneret with four nozzles was employed to evaluate the influence of number of nozzles on the DeNA. Lastly, the optimum values of voltage, polymer concentration, spinneret rotational speed and collector diameter were determined in order to maximize the DeNA of the modified ECS setup.


In this paper a life table for the Roman population is constructed using Ulpian's table. This table can be regarded as a tool to compute the value of an annuity taking into account the age of the beneficiary. The Gompertz distribution and some of its extensions are applied for the life table construction. It is shown that the Roman life table can be represented by a five-parameter formula, which consists of three terms. Since the life expectancy at birth depends on the unknown infant mortality, different assumptions are made. Simulations show that a range of the life expectancy between 20 and 30 years is


The application of microwave heating to cure the binder in the workpiece made of polymer composite materials has a number of advantages over traditional methods, but requires a thorough justification of the process equipment characteristics. The technique of multiscale mathematical modeling of the temperature state of workpieces made of fiberglass, organic plastics and carbon plastics with a fundamentally different physics of heating the reinforcing filler is developed. At the microlevel the technique is used to determine the continual characteristics of the fiber-matrix system. At the macrolevel the technique opens the possibility of predicting the dynamics of the workpiece microwave heating, taking into account the thermophysical, optical and electrophysical characteristics of the materials, the of the chamber shape, the magnetrons location, quantity and individual power, and the spatial position and rotation of the workpiece. The distribution bounds of the electric field strength in microwave heating chambers with different arrangement of magnetrons and the rotation character of the cylindrical work are presented.


This document presents the methodology adopted by the Low Voltage Network Solutions project to create aggregated load profiles with and without new special loads (e.g., electric vehicles, electric heat pumps)and generation (e.g., PV) based on monitored data (when available).


The problem of steady boundary layer flow over an exponentially stretching surface is studied. The governing partial differential equations are converted to yield a system of non-linear, coupled, ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation group. These equations are analytically solved via VIM-Pad`e technique which is a combination of the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and the Pad`e approximation for a benchmark testing of alternative numerical solutions. The physical parameters of interest (Prandtl number, Pr and stretching parameter, k ) sensitively influence the local Nusselt number, ) 0 (    , thereby affecting the thermal boundary layer thickness. It is found that the rate of heat transfer from the fluid to the surface increases with increasing physical parameters. The VIM-Pad`e is implemented without requiring linearization, discretization, or perturbation. The results demonstrated reasonable degree of agreement when compared to other techniques and numerical methods reported in the literature. This suggests that the VIM with the enhancement of Pad'e; approximation is a very effective, convenient and quite accurate tool that requires further investigations by its application to viable technological and engineering problems that lead to nonlinear partial or differential equations.


Abstract Schools and programs of social work continually strive to develop effective gatekeeping procedures to promote optimal functioning of students while maintaining quality control in professional education. Program administrators and classroom, field, and adjunct faculty are key to the process of developing and implementing student standards. This article highlights current issues in social work education, reviews literature on gatekeeping, and describes key principles with examples for developing, implementing, and evaluating student standards. It outlines specific standards and provides observations and recommendations for using them.


Objective To screen the antigen peptides of hepatitis C virus(HCV) which can effectively induce humoral and cellular immunity based on the major genotypes in China. Methods The B, cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) and Th cell epitopes of HCV main genotype 1b, 2a and 6a in China were predicted by bioinformatics methods. BALB / C mice were immunized with HCV-CTL, HCV-B+HCV-Th and HCV-CTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th. CTL activity was assessed by LDH assay kit. IFN-γ cells were quantified using ELISPOT kit. Antibody titers were detected by ELISA assay. The results were analyzed statistically. Results There was no specific immune response in control group. There were statistical significance in the difference of CTL activity among three groups at different titer(F= 2045,F= 6338,Pall 0.05). The CTL activity activated by HCVCTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th was higher than that of HCV-CTL, and HCV-CTL was higher than that of PBS, and the differences all had statistical significance(Pall 0.05). There was statistical significance in the difference of IFN-γ-secreting cells among HCV-CTL, HCV-B +HCV-Th and HCV-CTL +HCV-B +HCV-Th immune groups(F= 5308, P 0.05). There were statistical significance in the differences of IFN-γ-secreting cells between each two groups(Pall 0.05). There were statistical significance in the difference of specific Ig G titer among HCV-B+HCV-Th group, HCV-CTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th group and PBS group at different time(Pall0.01). The specific Ig G titer induced by HCV-B+HCV-Th and HCV-CTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th were all higher than that of PBS, and the differences all had statistical significance at different time(Pall 0.05), but there were no statistical significance between HCV-B+HCV-Th and HCV-CTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th at different time(P 0.05). Conclusion Co-immunization with HCV-CTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th can induce high effective immune response. HCV-CTL+HCV-B+HCV-Th is potential as a recombinant HCV vaccine.


Torque is an important characteristic parameter of the motor.Due to its own structure,the torque of torque motor fluctuates.Torque ripple coefficient is an essential parameter of motor torque ripple.There is a long way to go for the technician to raise novel testing methods and detection devices.Stall principle based method and device were proposed in this paper.In the device,robot driven by the stepper motor which is controlled by MCU made the stator rotate with high-speed automatic sampling.The data sent to computer was processed,and then the result of torque ripple coefficient was output.The in-depth exploration of the data processing was described.A motor sample was detected and analyzed.It is proved that this method achieves the automatic detection of the torque ripple coefficient quickly and easily,and the accuracy has been improved greatly.


Objective To express and purify the fusion gene α-e of bovine Clostridium perfringens. Methods Partial αtoxin gene fragment was amplified from the genomic DNA of C57-8 strain of Clostridium perfringens type A by PCR and inserted into plasmid p ET28a-e. The constructed recombinant plasmid p ET28a-α-e was transformed to competent E. coli BL21(DE3)plys S and induced with IPTG. The expressed recombinant protein was purified by Ni-Agarose His tag purification kit and identified by Western blot. Results Both PCR and restriction analysis proved that recombinant plasmid p ET28a-α-e was constructed correctly, of which 99% of the gene sequence was consistent with that expected. The expressed recombinant protein, with a relative molecular mass of about 78 000, mainly in a form of inclusion body, contained22. 7% of total somatic protein, and reached a purity of 91. 2%, which showed specific binding to polyclonal antisera against mouse C. perfringens, indicating a good reactogenicity. Conclusion Recombinant plasmid p ET28a-α-e was successfully constructed, and recombinant α-e fusion protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) plys S. The expressed fusion protein showed good reactogenicity, which might be used as a candidate antigen for recombinant subunit vaccine against cattle enterotoxemia.


Introduction1. Bob Becking, The Exile in Historical (Re)construction2. Anne Mareike Wetter, Balancing the Scales: The Construction of the Exile as Countertradition in the Bible3. Wilfred van der Poll, The Exile of God: The Galut in Jewish Construction4. Alex Cannegeiter, From Babylon to Eternity: Appropriation of the Babylon-Motif in Christian Homiletical Constructions


Objectives: The main objectives of this work are to enable mobile nodes predict the switch off states of Hard Disk and other electronic components using APRIORI algorithm which has pre-mined list of timings of every request to be serviced by the node. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The application of this Algorithm is shown via Simulink (MATLAB). We use a Sequence generator of variable inputs (on/off) signals which controls the load circuit of the simulated node. The input of the sequence generator is defined by an example depicting a Mobile Node traversal and represented by a Table residing in the memory of the node. The table values are mined using preset values of Confidence and Support as in APRIORI algorithm. The data set used in the simulation represents all cases of the Algorithm in real time. Findings: Controlling the switch off states using pre-mined data values based on frequent item sets enables a Mobile Node to effectively decide the switch off states or power saving states for various electronic hardware, which includes Hard Disk. The Main power drawn in Hard Disk is by the Motor of the cylinder which if turned off and on (Spin UP/Spin DOWN) effectively will result in more efficient battery savings for each Mobile Node as compared to Adaptive and Threshold based Spin UP/ Spin DOWN based policies. Applications/Improvements: Since the switch timings decided by the algorithm entirely depend on mined values, application of better data mining techniques will result in more efficient battery operation.


Microplastics, which are defined as small plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have been found in various aquatic environments all over the world. In this study, we investigated the level of microplastics in the surface water and estuarine mullet Mugil cephalus from 23 estuary areas in the south of China. M. cephalus, due to its wide distribution and high tolerance, was selected as a candidate fish species for monitoring the ingestion of marine microplastics. The size, color, and type of all microplastics were recorded from the water and fish samples by stereomicroscope. The average abundance of microplastics was 18,261 items/m3 in the surface water, and 7.2 items/individual in fish. These alarming numbers revealed significant pollution due to microplastics in the environment. Fragments and minute-sized particles were the most common features found in both the water and the fish samples. Some impurities in the water sample were easily confused with microplastics, but regular forms on the surface of the impurity could be distinguished by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape, color, and size of the microplastics in the fish and water samples were similar, which suggested that the microplastics in the water might enter the organisms' body, thereby affecting the health of aquatic species and even humans. Based on these findings, it is highly recommended that the monitoring and managing of pollution due to microplastics be addressed in the estuaries.


Rats of both sexes were fed on a basal feed containing 1% refined konjac meal (RKM) for 18 months and the effects of RKM on the cell aging were observed. A comparable group fed on the basic feed was used as the control. Results obtained demonstrate that the long-term feeding of RKM to rats can delay the course of cell aging of the gliocyte, cadiomyocyte, and the endothelial cell of the large and medium arteriases, hence it is likely to delay the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and improve the functions of the brain, heart and vascular system.


ABSTRACT Young Sikh millennials live complex processes of religious identity redefinition. They depict themselves as a homogeneous community. However, they confront themselves with a strong internal pluralism regarding orthodoxy. In addition, young people raise generational issues that lead them to differentiate themselves from their parents and to distinguish Sikhism from Punjabi culture. Based on semi-structured interviews, the paper shows that living and making Sikhi in Italy are processes where the ties to a delocalized and transnational community and the reference to the past prove to be very important to make Sikhism consistent with the history of the local context.


We report here the resistivity ( rho ) and the magnetoresistance (MR) of the ferromagnetic perovskite oxide system La1-xSrxCoO3 (0.1<x<0.5) in a temperature range down to 4.2 K and magnetic fields up to 6 T. The MR is positive for x=0.5 and is negative for x<or=0.4. We find that while in the metallic samples (x>0.2) the magnitude of the MR is typically small (<10%), it is large in the composition range where x<or=0.2, where the system is close to the metal-to-insulator transition. We compare these observations with those made for the La1-xSrxMnO3 system.


The results of population monitoring in lichen indication promote the detection of resistance of lichen species to the pollution of environment. The population of Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. on the territory of the city of Samara and in the neighborhood of the Bolshaya Glushitsa settlement (Bolsheglushitsky district, Samara region) (Russia) were studied. For identification of ontogenetic conditions of talluses, the approaches and a nomenclature of population and ontogenetic researches of Magnoliophyta were used. Taking into account the exposition, the projective cover of Ulmus pumila trunks with Xanthoria parietina talluses was revealed. On Ulmus pumila tree stems in the Bolshechernigovsky municipal district of Samara region the prevailing ontogenetic group in populations of Xanthoria parietina is young generative group, within the city it is mature generative group. Talluses in the same course of ontogenetic development have the least area, and then, the vitality, on the western part of a trunk, and the greatest on the south side. At the same time the vital level of tallus directly depends on the level of environmental pollution. The decrease in the number of talluses is related to indexes of density, illumination, natural tree mortality, cuttings, fires, diseases of tree species.


Barrier filter is disclosed to help both gas and liquid is a fluid from chemical processing system for discharging aseptically. The barrier filter is a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region, or comprises one have their areas are mixed region alone or collectively or a plurality of filter membranes in a common vessel. Common container barrier filter includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. All filter membranes are arranged in the fluid path that exists between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. Further, various membrane-based system such barrier filter is attached is disclosed.


Short-term environmental manipulations during the early juvenile stage have a large impact on harvesting size of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua nearly 3 years later. A group of juvenile Atlantic cod (initial mass 9·5 g) were reared for 3 months under simulated natural photoperiod or continuous light, and a range of temperatures (7, 10, 13 and 16° C, and a group called T-step, i.e. with temperature reduced successively from 16 to 13 and 10° C). After termination of the laboratory trial, the fish were moved to sea pens and reared at ambient conditions for 30 months before harvesting in June 2006. Observed growth gain from the 3 month laboratory trial was still persistent following the 30 months of sea-pen ongrowing. The T-step group displayed 15, 13, 1 and 10% superior mass gain respectively than the groups initially at 7, 10, 13 and 16° C at harvest in June 2006. Similarly, rearing under continuous light during the initial 3 month period during the early juvenile stage resulted in 1–9% larger size at harvesting compared to fish reared at simulated natural photoperiod. Gonado-somatic and hepato-somatic indices were similar in all groups. Contribution to the understanding of the mechanism behind size variation in adult fish can have wide range applications for Atlantic cod fisheries and aquaculture.


In the article devoted to the peculiarities of the peasantry's political passivity of Russia western region in the 1920s the author considers the reasons for the village absenteeism, and concludes that the peasantry's socio-political indifference was caused by the specificity of the rural way of life, traditional distrust of the state and the fact that during election campaigns the peasantry's interests, as a rule, played a secondary role.


Azospirillum has potential use as biofertilizer in agriculture. A review of Azospirillum as biofertilizer and Bangladesh perspective has been discussed. Habitat and distribution of Azospirillum have been reviewed. The species of Azospirillum, their isolation, cultivation and preservation have been reviewed. General characteristics and identification of Azospirillum have also been discussed. In this paper, all the possible mode of action of Azospirillum as biofertilizer has also critically reviewed and the crops affected has also been discussed. Studies on Azospirillum carried out in Bangladesh still now, as biofrtilizer also reviewed. Commercial use of Azospirillum has also been discussed in this paper. Keyword: Azospirillum, Biofertilizer, Bangladesh, Isolation, Mode of action


In view of the status for ultra supercritical(USC) turbine-generator unit commissioning operation,the lube oil system of motor-driven main oil pumps in USC 600~1 200 MW series turbine manufactured by Shanghai Turbine Plant is presented and the configuration of system,commissioning,automation etc.is too described.It is useful for operator to comprehend the commissioning operation.


In article social and labour relations of the Voronezh region are investigated. Social policy of the region is analyzed and the forecast of social and labour relations development is submitted. Separately the forecast of demographic situation in the region is submitted. Improvement of demographic situation directly depends on welfare of the population. The analysis of living wage and minimum wage gives a clear idea of welfare and standard of living of population. The consumer basket of Russia and the Voronezh region was investigated. Groups of products entering into a consumer basket and total number of names are given. The percentage ratio between various groups of goods and services is analyzed. It is shown, on what groups of goods the population of the country spends bigger and smaller quantity of money. In article recommendations for increase of consumer basket are made that, in its turn, will entail increase of living wage and improvement of welfare of the population.


Introduction 1. Sex and utility 2. Forming a marriage: 'Between what persons?' 3. Legal status within a marriage: 'What are its conditions?' 4. Jeremy Bentham's adultery code 5. Divorce: 'For how long?' Conclusion Bibliography Index.


IN 1958, RALPH ELLISON GENTLY CHIDED WHITE AMERICANS FOR BEING "so absurdly self-deluded over the true interrelatedness of blackness and whiteness."' It was a message neither white nor black Americans were ready to hear. So, for the next thirty years, they ignored it. When I interviewed Ellison in the summer of 1991, I sensed his frustration that his critical arguments had had so little impact on the cultural conversation. His excitement about my own work on the "interrelatedness of blackness and whiteness" meant the world to me, and his encouragement and support helped spur me on. In 1993, when my book Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices came out, I was aware of two or three books published that same year in the United States that tilled adjacent fields. I suspected that my work might be part of a growing trend. But how many isolated academic forays add up to a "trend?" Ten? Twenty? Thirty? In this essay I will provide a brief overview of over a hundred books and articles from fields including literary criticism, history, cultural studies, anthropology, popular culture, communication studies, music history, art history, dance history, humor studies, philosophy, linguistics, and folklore, all published between 1990 and 1995 or forthcoming shortly. Taken together, I believe, they mark the early 1990s as a defining moment in the study of


This report describes experiments on the effect of distributed suction on the stalling characferistics of a two-dimensional aerofoil, NACA 63A009. The most economicM extent of suction was from the leading edge for 2.75 per cent chord round the upper surface. At a Reynolds number of 1-15 x 106, a suction-quantity coefficient C o of 0. 0034 increased CLmax from about 0" 86 to I' 50 by delaying the stall from 11-deg to 20-deg incidence. Scale effect on the flow was investigated at 14-deg incidence. It was found that between Reynolds numbers of 6 × 105 and 3.5 × 10 G the suction-quantity coefficient needed to overcome the boundary-layer separation at the nose was approximately inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number. The aerofoil was also tested with a 20 per cent split flap at 60-deg deflection. The flap increased CL max without suction from 0-86 to 1.74, but the further increment obtainable on applying suction was'only 0-31. Suction thus only gave half the increase on the flapped aerofoil that it gave on the plain aerofoil. The difficulty experienced in obtaining a high lift-coefficient was thought to be due to the small radius of the nose of the section. A modification was made by reducing the chord of the aerofoil 2 per cent and fairing the profile into a blunter nose of radius of curvature 0. 010 chord instead of 0.006a chord. The modified section (designated NPL 321) gave maximum lift coefficient only 0.1 greater than the corresponding ones for NACA 63A009 except when the flap was deflected with suction applied when the increase was 0.3, the CL r~ax then being 2.33. 1. I~troduction.-Preliminary wind-tunnel investigations into the effectiveness of distributed suction over the nose of a thin aerofoil in delaying the stall, and in increasing the maximum lift coefficient have been carried out in this country by Pankhurst, Raymer and Devereux 1 (1948) on HSA V (NPL 308) aerofoil and in America by Nuber and Needham ~ (1948) on NACA 641A212 aerofoil. The present experiments were undertaken to add to the available knowledge by testing another section. In particular, information was sought on scale effect on suction quantity, on the effect of distributed suction on a flapped aerofoil and on the influence of the shape of the nose of the section on the maximum lift coefficient obtainable with suction. The HSA V section previously tested was 8" …


The present invention discloses a food preservative biological, comprised of the following composition in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of nisin, 10-20 parts of trehalose, 4-8 parts of chitosan, glycine parts 2-4 , 2-4 parts AOB. Food biopreservatives of the present invention is the ratio of raw materials through a variety of security mixed, toxic side effects, the production process is simple, good stability, long-term storage in a dark place, can be added in a long-term antimicrobial activity food . Independent of temperature, pH influence, good water solubility, easy to add, broad-spectrum antimicrobial, and can significantly extend shelf life and improve food security. The present invention makes up for the defect of chemical preservatives and has a good effect, simple operation, low cost, has significant economic and social benefits.


The research is based in the Near Field Communication (NFC) market in Germany. Thetechnology is a standard for contactless information exchange via a NFC chip. Today mainlysuch chips are implemente ...


Aim To synthesize a water-soluble dithioaminoformic acid chelating resin-DTCR and to evaluate its Cu2+ adsorbing quantity of simulated wastewater containing copper.Methods The infrared spectrum was used to characterize synthesized DTCR,and Cu2+ adsorbing quantity of DTCR was investigated.Firstly,prepare the different concentrations of the simulated wastewater containing copper with free Cu2+,complexing Cu2+-EDTA and Cu2+-NH3.Secondly,control its pH value,addition amount of DTCR as well as flocculant(FeCl3),stir it and let it stand for a while.Finally,use the upper clear liquid to determine its residual content of Cu2+ with sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate spectrophotometry.Results The experimental results show that the optimum conditions were as follows: the reaction time was about 20 minutes,the addition amount of DTCR is was 48~73.2 mg/L,the addition amount of FeCl3 5~7 mL(FeCl3 concentration: 0.9 mg/L),pH 3~6,under these conditions,the removal rate of Cu2+ in wastewater was more than 96 %,and the treated wastewater can comply with Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996,in Chinese).Conclusion The method has superiority over the traditional processing methods,it is not necessary that the complex(Cu2+-NH3 or Cu2+-EDTA) first was decomposed in weak acidic medium before removing Cu2+.So the method has a better application prospect.


The objective of the paper is to explain a case of social innovation in mental health services, moving from a psychiatric hospital, classically a total institution, to a healthier, diversified, and personalized care service. The research was conducted by a participant observation method, on the long run, from 1996 to 2006 in Milan (Italy): more than 25 meeting and 40 semi structured interviews were conducted. It looks at a case of 'social entrepreneurship' in Milan which contributes to the transformation of a large, closed psychiatric hospital into a more open and therapeutic environment for mental health services users, as well as for ordinary citizens of the whole metropolitan area. Most of the literature correctly emphasize governance and administrative capability as crucial variable for satisfaction of needs, recognition of capability and sustainability of projects. The paper shows the relevance of exogenous resources, non-local mobilisations, and loosely connected social movement networks to enact communicative spaces and challenge closed and inertial policy communities.


The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence reviewed the management of insomnia a few years ago. It reckoned that Z drugs (zaleplon, zolpidem, zopiclone, and eszopiclone) were no more effective than shorter acting benzodiazepines, and that there was no reason to believe their adverse effect profile was better. Even so, zopiclone has become the most frequently prescribed hypnotic in the UK. A systematic review in Age and Ageing finds that zopiclone and all Z drugs carry an increased risk of fractures and falls in elderly people (Age Ageing doi:10. 1093/ageing/afx167).


This paper considers the design of various filters composed of allpass subfilters approximating multiband, multi-level responses. These include M-level PCAS filters, tree structures of half-band recursive filters and cosine-modulated allpass-based filter banks. Design methods for designing the allpass subfilters in terms of phase are given. It is also shown how to obtain good linear phase across the entire frequency band by modifying the subfilter phase behaviour of the prototype recursive N/sup th/ band filter.


This special session (1 hour & 30 minutes) has two goals: 1) Examine the evolution of successful initiatives at regional scales that have operated continuously for at least two decades. 2) Challenge the audience to work with the panelist to apply lessons learned from this examination to two other less effective regional coastal ecosystem programs, including measuring outcomes. Stephen Olsen will present an analysis of three regional coastal ecosystem programs: Wadden Sea (Europe), Great Barrier Reef (Australia), and the Chesapeake Bay (United States of America)). He will discuss the factors that appear to be most critical to sustaining these programs over the decades. Emphasis will be placed on the application and evolution of adaptive management; 2) institutional arrangements and governance processes; and the measurable environmental and societal outcomes that can be attributed to the efforts of each program, including how they were measured. Pam Rubinoff will then present the Gulf of California (Mexico) case study and Jennifer McCann will present the Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island/Massachusetts/Connecticut) case study, both comparing and contrasting the approaches and techniques presented by Stephen Olsen. The final 30 minutes of this session will be dedicated to a facilitated discussion between the panelists and the audience. Based on Stephen Olsen's presentation as well as their own experiences, the audience will advise panelists on how to implement both the Gulf of California and the Narragansett Bay programs so that these regional efforts can increase their effectiveness. CAPE COD'S COASTLINE: GOING, GOING, GONE? Paul C. Ticco, Waquoit Bay NERR


In orthogonal frequency division multiple access-based systems where channel frequency response (CFR) estimation has to be carried out using only the user-specific (localised) pilots within a small time frequency block, the accuracy of the estimates suffer because of the limited number of pilots and imperfect knowledge of the channel statistics. A biased estimator is proposed for the estimation of CFR over the time frequency block. Hypothesis tests are designed to ascertain the time and frequency selectivity of the CFR within the region of interest, and the outcome of these tests are used to determine a vector shrinkage target for the biased estimator. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed estimator is comparable to that of the optimal minimum mean square error estimator, even though it does not have any knowledge of the channel statistics.


We should take ideal and faith education as the core in the campus cultural construction at colleges,conduct some campus cultural acitivities with the ideal and faith education as the theme through various channels,conduct the education to help college students hold correct world outlook,life outlook and value outlook,strengthen college students' ideological and political education work with helping them have firm ideal and faith as the key,then push forward the campus culture construction.


This study monitored the shipment of corrugated fiberboard shipping containers in the small parcel shipping environment. Similar boxes were also tested in three different laboratories to determine loss of compression strength in actual shipments, and in simulated tests recommended by the International Safe Transit Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials. Safety factors were developed based on the data collected.


Relation Extraction (RE) refers to extracting the relation triples in the input text. Existing neural work based systems for RE rely heavily on manually labeled training data, but there are still a lot of domains where sufficient labeled data does not exist. Inspired by the distance-based few-shot named entity recognition methods, we put forward the definition of the few-shot RE task based on the sequence tagging joint extraction approaches, and propose a few-shot RE framework for the task. Besides, we apply two actual sequence tagging models to our framework (called Few-shot TPLinker and Few-shot BiTT), and achieve solid results on two few-shot RE tasks constructed from a public dataset.


Biological components including cells, proteins, and nucleic acids have been studied by using biological sensors. All compounds in the organisms have sensors with identical mechanical sensors. Most of these sensors are specific cells which are sensitive to physical characteristics of outside environment including light, motion, temperature, magnetic-field, gravity, moisture, vibration, pressure, electrical fields, and sound. Since biosensors could be fabricated by using photonic crystals, these structures are used in designing the sensor due to the unique characteristics of photonic crystals. Refractive index around the sensing hole was changed and output transmission spectrum was studied. By changing refractive index, transmission spectrum undergoes measurable change and biomolecule could be measured by sensor in mentioned conditions. Results have shown that this sensor has good sensitivity for measuring small dimensions. In addition, high speed, high quality, simple structure, as well as higher sensitivity are other characteristics of photonic crystal sensors compared to other sensors.


Exhortations calling God's people to a life of holiness permeate Scripture. 1 Peter 1:15-16 is perhaps the most familiar and representative of them: "But as he who called you is holy, be holy yourselves in all your conduct; since it is written, 'You shall be holy, for I am holy'" (RSV). But what does it mean to be holy? What shape should holiness take in the believer's life? When one turns to the various Christian traditions in searching for an answer to these questions, it becomes clear that they offer different conceptions of the holy life. The monastic tradition's conception of the nature of the holy life is different from the conception of the mystical tradition's, the conception of the reformed tradition differs from the conception of the Wesleyan tradition, and the conception of the holiness movement of the nineteenth century differs from the conception of twentieth century pentecostalism. Which tradition is closest to the biblical understanding? A prior question needs to be considered: What does Scripture mean when it says that God is holy? 1 Peter says: "...as he who called you is holy, be holy yourselves" [italics mine]. This seems to imply that what holiness means in the Christian's life must be defined and determined by what holiness is in God. This does not mean that our holiness is in any way to be exactly identified with the holiness of God. Nevertheless, it is analogous to God's holiness. If we are to arrive at a proper biblical conception of the holy life, we must first be clear in our understanding of the holiness of God. Only then can we begin to describe the shape of the holy life. The purpose of this article is to examine the biblical conception of the holiness of God in order to understand the nature of the holy life. In examining the biblical conception, we will focus almost exclusively on the Old Testament, where the concept is developed. (It is generally agreed that the New Testament builds upon the Old Testament concept, and does not add anything substantially new.) We will focus particularly on one passage in the Old Testament, Isaiah 6:1-8, allowing it to function as a window through which we can view the OT understanding of holiness as a whole. In Isaiah 6:1-8, we find the familiar account of the prophet's vision of


Cost allocation issues have befuddled management around the world for over a century. And, because of "informational asymmetries" and agency conflicts between operating management and headquarters, there is no clear theoretical solution to the problem. Nevertheless, there are good reasons for allocating costs. If properly structured, transfer-pricing schemes can serve the same purpose as a market price. By communicating useful information about the relative scarcity of resources within an organization, they can serve to balance supply and demand for the product or service being priced. 1997 Morgan Stanley.


Women with eating disorders benefit from using social and community features of apps because they can get social support and information about their disorder. Although seeking help online may be easier than getting face-to-face treatment, there still may be a number of privacy concerns to sharing information, especially on apps not specifically intended for those with eating disorders, such as weight loss apps. Women with eating disorders are using weight loss apps, but are they using features that could help them get support for their disorder? This research begins to answer this question by presenting preliminary results from a qualitative study on how women with eating disorders use community and social features of weight loss apps. Early findings suggest women with eating disorders rarely use the community and social features of weight loss apps. This work highlights the tradeoffs between sharing information and privacy and has implications for app design.


Coeffi cients of linear thermal expansion of five opt ical glasses were determined by a strain gage method for t he range between room temperature and 60° C. The coeffi cients of expansion of two crown glasses are 7.6 X 106 per deg C. A rare-earth glass was found to have a slight ly lower coefficient of expansion, but the coeffi cients of expansion of two fl int glasses are 10 percent larger t han t he other glasses.


Gross primary production (GPP), defined as the overall amount of carbon fixed through the process of vegetation photosynthesis, is an important characteristic for climate change and carbon cycle research to reveal the carbon sequestration capacity of a certain ecosystem. The aim of the research is to test a simplified way to remote estimation of gross primary production in maize with remote sensing and carbon flux measurements, through discarding nearly all kinds of complex concepts and focusing on the operation convenience, according to the main principle is based on the concept of LUE-based (light use efficiency) GPP estimation models. And validate whether it is right that "the more complex the method is, the more accurate it will achieve". Results shows that for single and multi-sites estimations, the two forms of estimation concepts of GPP ∝VI∗SOL and GPP ∝LAI∗VI∗SOL performs different. And the former one seems to be better than the other. This also reveals that to establish the remotely-sensed models, the numbers of input parameters is not the key influence factors. The accuracy of single site estimation is higher than that of multi-sites because of the heterogeneity in different sites.


The author set herself the goal of analyzing the concepts of Galicia, Galicianness, borderland, Galician borderland, Galician literary borderland and based on such an analysis characterizing the relationships between Galicia and the most famous Galician writer of the first half of the 20th century Bruno Schulz.

The first article of the outlined cycle of publications is devoted to the disclosure of the essence of the cognitive concept of Galicia with an emphasis on the Schulz period – the end of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century; the goal of another scientific exploration of the conceptual cycle of the author's research is ontologization in the scientific-research space of the concept Galicianness with actualization based on the knowledge and information represented by the concept.

In the offered publication, the author has become involved as a participant in the modern scientific discussion that is taking place around the phenomenon of «borderland» and has presented the term-concept Galician literary borderland in the cognitive and conceptual format, as a logical combination of the structural components of the borderland → Galician borderland → Galician literary borderland, in other words, in the format of the analysis of a single conceptual complex, the vivid representative of which is Bruno Schulz.

The analysis of the content load of the concept of borderland in all its diversity makes it possible to count it among cross-cutting interdisciplinary phenomena associated with various scientific branches and spheres of activity, and also allows asserting the presence of certain mutual influences of the borderland on the peculiarities of the literary and artistic creativity of its representatives and vice versa, in particular on the example of the characteristics of the two[1]component pair of nominaGalician literary borderland ↔ Galician writer Bruno Schulz, whose members are in difficult relations of similarity and opposition.

The final article of the cycle of publications about Galicia will be devoted to the generalization of the research on the relationships between Galicia and the works of art created in its context by bright representatives of the Galician literary borderland.


In order to manage the revenue base of local budgets it is needed to make their classification according to various criteria, as existing classifications do not make it possible to fully assess the real ability of a municipality to inf luencethe development of its own revenue base. When conducting analyzes the proposed classification on the basis of «source of income* seems meaningful. This classification allows us to identify sources of revenue which provides the municipality with the ability to manage the identified self-sufficiency reserves for social and economic self-development of the territory.


A phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 21 biraphid naviculoid diatom species (from three orders and five families, using 5 protoplast and 21 frustule characters) to test whether the recently described genus Craspedostauros was more closely related to members of the Mastogloiaceae or to other stauros-bearing diatoms. The analysis also tested, and confirmed, the hypothesis that the stauros, as recognized by light microscopy, is a homoplastic character. Whereas partitioned analyses of protoplast and frustule data resolved different parts of the 'total' tree, using NONA parsimony analysis of all the data, one tree was obtained. This tree placed Craspedostauros in the mastogloialean clade, rather than near Stauroneis, Staurophora, Haslea or Meuniera. The ordinal and familial groupings suggested by Round and others were also confirmed by the analysis, supported particularly by protoplast and some ultrastructural features.


A comprehensive numerical analysis of hydrological processes in a green roof was conducted. The substrate of the green roof demonstrated bimodal behavior. The validated model accurately describes the hydraulic behavior of the green roof. The soil moisture governs the performance of the green roof during precipitation.


There are many small-scale and high-growth companies in SME board. Such enterprises have great financing need, but they are faced with the dilemma of financing. This paper selects three samples from companies in SME board to avoid the impact of enterprise age and enterprise scale, then calculates the financing efficiency of enterprises by using the input-oriented BCC model with DEA method. By comparing the score to analyze the financing efficiency of firms with different characteristics, the results show that corporate financing with low asset-liability ratio is generally more efficient than those with high asset-liability-debt ratio; SOEs are more likely to efficiently finance than privately owned enterprises.


In this article, two novels of Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, two important navelists of New Turkish Literature, are compared. It is emphasized that persons and events get similar characters in two novels.


In the academic literature there is not much empirical evidence about how top management involvement influences a degree of integrated marketing communications. At the same time some authors belive that this relationship should be more explored. In this paper we present one of the possible approaches in investigating the relationship between top management involvement and a degree of integrated marketing communications. With our research we found out that greater involvement of top management in marketing communications could be associated with higher degree of IMC.


In genus Bidens, as well as in family Asteraceae as a whole, different researchers had described polyacetylenes, sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids. Interest to these classes of substances also has been caused by their antiparasitic, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic and other properties. Within family Asteraceae polyacetylenes are widespread in tribe Heliantheae and genus Bidens. They are capable to be accumulated in all parts of plants of this genus though they have been most often found out in roots. In species of genus Bidens the most widespread are С17–, С14–, С13–polyacetylenes, and also aromatic derivatives and thiophenes. Other group of the polyacetylenes found out in species of the genus – polyacetylene glucosides. According to the majority of researchers of this group of polyacetylenes, the glycosidation is a way facilitating of transportation of typically lipophilic compounds. The majority of these polyacetylenes is revealed in species of genus Bidens.


Among HIV-infected pregnant women those who receive combination antiretroviral drug therapy have rates of premature delivery and stillbirth similar to those receiving monotherapy or no therapy and they are no more likely to deliver a baby with low birth weight or low Apgar scores according to a combined analysis of multiple studies performed in the United States. Furthermore women who take protease inhibitors as part of their combined drug regimen are no more likely to have a premature or very premature delivery or a low-birth-weight infant than are women who use combination therapy without these drugs monotherapy or no therapy. Among women receiving combination therapy however users of protease inhibitors may be more likely than nonusers to have a very low birth weight infant (odds ratio 3.6). (excerpt)


Remote communication with meters would offer a number of benefits to both the electric utility companies and their customers, if the equipment required could be produced at an acceptable cost. The authors discuss a system for acquiring information from remote meters and transferring the data to utilities via a very high frequency (VHF) radio link. The authors discuss possibilities for such a system, DTI requirements and frequency consideration, propagation characteristics, and system equipment.


I L ~ i L ~ ~ and nature of utc.rine c Fairkiirn' states t l i a t lie I I ; L \ no experience of uterine casts in s of menihranous dysmenorrlicca, b u t while uncommon, they undoubtedly occur. 'I'here is no doubt about the menstrual discharge containing blood, mucus and leucocytes. I t also contains cells from various parts of the genital tract, but as a rule the epithelial loss suffered 1)) the endometrium IS slight, and an? seriou\ lossof tissue is rare. In a number of cases, lionever, the su]xrlicial layer of the niucosa may be cast off, sornetimes in its entirety, constituting a uterine cast. Casts of the uteius are of four hinds : -


Job success and steady work are more important to students today than making a lot of money; moreover, the values students place on job success, steady work, and making money diminish as students progress through high school and enter college and the world of work. These findings are based on the longitudinal study High School and Beyond (HS&B), sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics. Estimates are based on responses to questi,-naires by HS&B high school sophomores in 1980 and on responses to follow-up questionnaires in 1982, 1984, and 1986. Some of the highlights of the study are as follows: (1) about 82 percent of students rate job success and steady work as being very important; (2) about 33 percent rate making a lot of money as very important; (3) the 1980 high school sophomore group is more concerned than a 1972 national group with being well-off financially and with making a lot of money; (4) the importance students place on these jobrelated goals declines as the students grow older; and (5) high school graduates and college students are more likely than high school dropouts to say that job success and steady work are important. The study includes comparisons by subcategories such as race/ethnicity and gender; the report contains extensive statistical data. (KC) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. *


THE observations of which I give an account in this Paper, are supplementary to my previously published observations', and I shall follow the order of narration of that Paper, so far as it can be done conveniently. Lumbo-sacral plexus. As I wish to deal more fully than before, with the correspondence which exists between the course of the secretory fibres, and the arrangement of the spinal nerves, it is necessary, at the risk of some repetition, to say a word or two with regard to the variations which occur in the lumbo-sacral plexus of the cat. I divide the numerous forms of plexus into three classes2, an anterior, a median, and a posterior class. The simplest method of distinguishing these classes is to note the relative size of the strands to the sciatic, furnished respectively by the 6th lumbar, and by the upper branch of the 1st sacral nerve. If the former is distinctly larger than the latter, the plexus belongs to the anterior class; if the two are of about the same size, the plexus is a median one; if the strand from the 1st sacral is distinctly larger than that from the 6th lumbar, the plexus is of the posterior class. It is true that the upper lumbar nerves may vary within certain limits, independently of the lower ones, so that when it is important to know exactly the arrangement of the upper lumbar nerves, they must be directly observed. Both the anterior and posterior classes may be divided into sub-classes. I adopt the following subdivisions.


Streptomyces is the largest genus of actinobacteria and consists of Gram-positive
filamentous organisms that mainly inhabit soil environments. Some members of this
genus have the ability to cause economically important crop diseases such as potato
common scab (CS), which is characterized by the formation of superficial, raised or pitted
corky-like lesions on the surface of potato tubers. Among the virulence factors produced
by the best characterized CS-causing pathogen, S. scabies are the phytotoxic secondary
metabolites called the COR-like metabolites, which resemble the coronatine (COR)
phytotoxin produced by the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. The
objective of this study was to characterize the role of three S. scabies genes (cfl, oxr and
sdr) in the biosynthesis of the COR-like metabolites by constructing gene deletion
mutants and examining the effect of each mutation on metabolite biosynthesis and
bioactivity. The results of this study indicate that all three genes are necessary for normal
production of the COR-like metabolites in S. scabies, and possible roles for each gene in
the biosynthetic pathway are discussed.


mittent galls on the green alga Vaucheria, caused by a rotifer [W. Rother, Jahrb. Wiss. Botan. 29, 525 (1896)]. The abnormal growth of these galls is produced through the activity of "growth-hormones" secreted by the resident predator. These substances are related to if not identical with substances commonly secreted by fungus or bacterial invaders; the auxins and gibberellins are examples. The abnormal corallites could well represent a hitherto unreported type of response to some sedentary predator-virus, bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, which might have made three separate attacks on a single coral colony over a period of several years. I hope that Squires' article will alert others to be on the watch for similar phenomena, which may indeed have great importance in our understanding of the causes of neoplasia. PHILIP R. WHITE Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine


Using the data from the Family Income & Expenditure Survey, this study investigated (1)the factors determining the level of burden of the private educational expenditure in households; (2) the influences of the level of the burden of private educational expenditure on the other household expenditure...


This chapter examines the interaction between automated, algorithmic markets and fundamental legal concepts in securities regulation, an area to which policy-makers have devoted little attention. Recent advances in communication technology have facilitated the rapid rise of algorithmic trading and automated market mechanics. This chapter surveys eight framework notions critical to regulation and discusses how these might apply in an automated marketplace. Specifically, it examines reasonableness; strict liability; foreseeability; contribution; scienter; damage and harm; evidence and proof; and disclosure and information dissemination. This analysis reveals how deeply-held assumptions guiding regulatory law sit uneasily in today's complicated and fast-paced markets.


This paper examines the accuracy of a widely‐held belief (or myth) that union stewards have particularly negative attitudes toward their employing organization. A large sample of rank and file employees and elected union officials served as participants in the present investigation. Data were collected via questionnaires that measured several relevant company‐related attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment) and union‐related attitudes (loyalty to the union, and responsibility to the union). Results indicated that union officials scored significantly higher than the general membership with respect to the union‐related variables. There were, however, no differences with respect to the company‐related variables. Union officials and the general membership were equally committed to their employing organization and equally satisfied with their jobs. This study provides evidence that the myth about union officials is just that, a myth, and is not empirically grounded.


in contemporary Lisbon: the transition from the end of a period of economic crisis and deep austerity to a fast economic growth based on exportation, tourism and real estate; the intersection


Accurate measurement of tissue optical properties becomes more and more important in biomedical applications such as diagnostic imaging for tissue pathology. Taking account of multiple scattering effects in OCT model, an algorithm is developed to extract depth-resolved tissue optical properties including scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor. By adding absorption coefficient as the third fitting parameter in the algorithm, it is possible to reduce fitting errors introduced by sample absorption. With an adapted algorithm based on the extended model, absorption coefficient can also be extracted. The validity of those algorithms is verified by sample model of solution of polyethylene sphere (PS).


Motives: The pandemic situation created unique opportunity to undertake research in the context of the changed living conditions of the population.
Aim: The main purpose is to assess broadly understood safety perceptions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The key research tool used was a survey questionnaire (270 respondents), complemented by observations in Poznań (Poland) and photographic documentation. Hometown was chosen due to imposed restrictions on movement.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed people's life in many aspects and therefore affected perceived safety. Level of fear of the pandemic was varied and so was keeping up to date with information about the pandemic outcomes. Before the pandemic people felt safer in the analysed various places. Implication of the pandemic for everyday behaviour was significant, resulting e.g. in leaving home when it is absolutely necessary, working from home. Most of the imposed restrictions were rated positively.


Mesh data has been a common form of data produced and searched in scientific simulations, and has been growing rapidly in the size thanks to the increasing computing power. Today, there are visualization tools that assist scientists to explore and examine the data, but their query capabilities are limited to a small set of fixed visualization operations, which is far too short to meet the needs of most users. Thus, it is imperative to provide ad hoc query tools for them. In this paper, we propose an ad hoc query language MeshSQL, which has been extended from ANSI SQL99 to support the features unique to simulation mesh data, such as temporality, spatial regions, statistics, and similarity. After classifying MeshSQL queries based on three criteria related to efficient implementations of the queries, we present the syntax and semantics of MeshSQL, and support them with examples. We also discuss implementing MeshSQL queries in SQL99 in an object-relational database system that allows incorporating user-defined types and functions. To our knowledge, MeshSQL is the first and the only query language for simulation mesh data. • Byung Suk Lee, Terence Critchlow, Ghaleb Abdulla, Chuck Baldwin, Roy Kamimura, Ron Musick, Robert Snapp, and Nu Ai Tang, "The Framework for Approximate Queries on Simulation Data," Information Sciences, Elsevier, Volume 157, Issues 1-4, December 2003, pp. 3-20. Abstract: AQSim is a system intended to enable scientists to query and analyze a large volume of scientific simulation data. The system uses the state of the art in approximate query processing techniques to build a novel framework for progressive data analysis. These techniques are used to define a multi-resolution index, where each node contains multiple models of the data. The benefits of these models are twofold: 1) they have compact representations, reconstructing only the information AQSim is a system intended to enable scientists to query and analyze a large volume of scientific simulation data. The system uses the state of the art in approximate query processing techniques to build a novel framework for progressive data analysis. These techniques are used to define a multi-resolution index, where each node contains multiple models of the data. The benefits of these models are twofold: 1) they have compact representations, reconstructing only the information relevant to the analysis, and 2) the variety of models capture different aspects of the data which may be of interest to the user but are not readily apparent in their raw form. To be able to deal with the data interactively, AQSim allows the scientist to make an informed tradeoff between query response accuracy and time. In this paper, we present the framework of AQSim with a focus on its architectural design. We also show the results from an initial proof-of-concept prototype developed at LLNL. The presented framework is generic enough to handle more than just simulation data. • Byung Suk Lee, Robert R. Snapp, Ron Musick, and Terence Critchlow, "Metadata Models for Ad Hoc Queries on Terabyte-Scale Scientific Simulations," Journal of Brazilian Computer Society, Brazilian Computer Society, Volume 8, Number 1, July 2002, pp 5-15.