Endothelial cells were isolated from rabbit thoracic aorta and cultured. Uptake of radioactivity was studied during incubation with 3H-uridine and 3H-uridine triphosphate (3H-UTP). After incubation with 3H-uridine and analysis by thin layer chromatography, the pyrimidines detected in the cell cytoplasm were 3H-UTP (30.8 ± 0.9%), 3H-UDP (uridine diphosphate, 4.3 • 2.1%). 3H-UMP (uridine monophosphate, 53.6 ± 1.1%) and 3H-uridine (7.1 3 0.9%). After incubation with H-UTP, there was also an uptake of radioactivity which was inhibited at low temperature (89.9 ± 6.1% at 4 °C), by dipyridamole (89.0 ± 7.1%) and N-ethylmaleimide (79.2 • 4.3%). The pyrimidines detected were 3H-UTP (24.7 • 3%), 3H-UDP (4.6 ± l%), 3H-UMP (35 ± 3.7%) and 3H-uridine (18.4 • 5%). Cultured endothelial cells were incubated with 3H-UTP or 3H-uridine and 3H-uridine for 90 min. These cells were perfused (0.5 ml/min) then stimulated twice by increased flow (3.0 ml/min) in order to compare their ability to release UTP and its derivatives. UT...


Sheep agribisnis is bisnis which is maintenance sheep to produce bigger sheep or calf . The profit can be taken from selling of sheep or calf. Beside that, the profit can be added by selling compost which is produced from waste. In the field, most of breeder still do not take its added profit. The waste is throw away to the environment and than impact not only loses of added profit but also environmental pollution. By this activity (empowerment people)  to be hoped breeder be able to make compost from waste and selling its product  to the market, so it take added profit and environmental free from pollution. The activity is conducted by training to 11 farmers Desa Slawu Patrang Jember. The result of the activity is 11  farmers be able to  make compost from waste in the sheep bisnis. The added profit can be achieved per month Rp. 20.000 from one sheep .


Mannich reactions on many lignin model compounds revealed that 1) model compounds of type (I) give without exception Mannich base with substituent at fifth position in very high yield, 2) those of type (II) do not react, 3) carboxyl group having phenolic hydroxyl group to its para position is split off as carbon dioxide and dimethylaminomethyl group is introduced to the same position, 4) methylol group having phenolic hydroxyl group to its para position reacts with dimethylamine resulting in the formation of dimethylaminomethyl group at the same position, 5) other groups remain intact even when phenolic hydroxyl group exists in para position, and 6) no reaction occurs when the phenolic hydroxyl group is etherified. By applying the Mannich reaction with dimethylamine on thiolignin, it has been concluded that about 25–40% of the phenolic hydroxyl group of thiolignin belongs to the simple guaiacol nucleus of type (I) having no C–C bond at its fifth position, admitting some uncertainty concerning the amount o...


The Small Probability Event Principle is a important theorem in Probability which has practical and applicable meaning, it indicate the principle that a Small Probability Event will not happen in the actual environment. We should grasp its essence firmly, understand what is a small probability event, in order to use them better in our life.


The concept of global governance and the specifics of its implementation in different countries of the world are considered. The policy of China's global governance at different stages of its historical development is analyzed. The author focuses separately on the challenges of the modern era, China's position on countering them, the further role of China in world politics.


Seamless learning focuses on a challenge characteristic of flexible learning, whereby learning occurs in different contexts. Learning across contexts affords certain opportunities (e.g., connecting abstract principles learned within a formal context with life experience), but also comes with a certain level of risk (e.g., fragmentation of learning experiences). Within an ongoing EU-funded research project, seven seamless learning conceptions are being developed, implemented and investigated using a design-based research approach. However, this process necessitates a considerable amount of consultancy. To ensure long-term sustainability and scalability, an open and accessible consultancy concept was developed that included ICT support. This paper briefly introduces the project and places it within its theoretical context, as well as discussing the experiences and findings gained during the development of the lighthouses (which serve as the basis of the consultancy concept) and the tool developed.


There has been a trend in recent scholarship on the Qur'an to downplay the role of Muḥammad in delivering and preaching the Qur'an, such that one is almost presented with a disembodied Qur'an which has no relationship to his prophetic career. The disappearance of Muḥammad from the Qur'an, and the pretence that there is no preacher, allows for a radical rereading of the text, such that one can then claim not only that it is an outgrowth of a Christian preaching environment, but that the Qur'an's main audience was a Biblically-saturated community. However, there is also a more serious issue at hand. Our Fragestellung about what the Qur'an has to tell us about Muḥammad is problematic. It seeks to reconstruct his life in the manner of a nineteenth-century biography, outlining a linear and comprehensive life-story. The Qur'an is unlike the Gospels, we are repeatedly told: there is no sustained biography of Muḥammad there to be found, and no chronological order to its parts. Indeed, the mantra that the Qur'an does not tell us much about Muḥammad is now a truism in Qur'anic studies. However, the Qur'an is packed with information about Muḥammad: it is actually a record of his preaching. In this article I will investigate the most important details we can find in the Qur'an about Muḥammad, and assess the image of the preacher of the Qur'an as fashioned there. I will then develop the historical implications of my analysis, and show that when we analyse the information in the Qur'an we can obtain historical information about Muḥammad, his community, and their respective ideas. The analysis will be confined to the image of Muḥammad in the Meccan parts of the Qur'an: the topic of his image in the Medinan Qur'an is a matter for another study.


We studied in [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincar\'e D 9, 367-433, (2022)], a complex multi-matrix model with $\mathrm{U}(N)^2 \times \mathrm{O}(D)$ symmetry, and whose double scaling limit where simultaneously the large-$N$ and large-$D$ limits were taken while keeping the ratio $N/\sqrt{D}=M$ finite and fixed. In this double scaling limit, the complete recursive characterization of the Feynman graphs of arbitrary genus for the leading order grade $\ell=0$ was achieved. In this current study, we classify the higher order graphs in $\ell$. More specifically, $\ell=1$ and $\ell=2$ with arbitrary genus, in addition to a specific class of two-particle-irreducible (2PI) graphs for higher $\ell \geqslant 3$ but with genus zero. Furthermore, we demonstrate that counting the 2PI graphs with a single $\mathrm{O}(D)$-loop corresponds to enumerating the alternating knots using the Rolsen's table results, performing a connected sum, or Tait flyping moves on them.


INTRODUCTION: Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is rare and accounts for <1% of all lung cancers. Although ACC is classified as a low-grade tumor, metastases are frequently identified in the late period. Extrapulmonary metastases are rare, and their resection has rarely been reported. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Case 1: A 77-year-old man underwent tracheal resection for ACC with postoperative radiation (60 Gy) 14 years before (at the age of 63). He underwent two subsequent pulmonary resections for metastases. Fourteen years after the first operation, he underwent extended right posterior segmentectomy with resection of segment IV and radiofrequency ablation for metastases of ACC to the liver. He was diagnosed with metastases to the kidney with peritoneal dissemination 4 years after the liver resection and died of pneumonia 2 years later. Case 2: A 53-year-old woman underwent a two-stage operation involving tracheal resection for ACC and partial resection of liver segments II and V for metastases of ACC to the liver. The tracheal margin was histopathologically positive. Postoperative radiation was performed, and she was tumor-free for 10 months after the liver resection. DISCUSSION: Complete resection of tracheal ACC provides better survival. Radiotherapy is also recommended. However, the optimal treatment for metastases of ACC is unclear, especially because liver resection for metastases of tracheal ACC is rarely reported. Our two cases of metastases of tracheal ACC were surgically managed with good outcomes. CONCLUSION: Liver resection for metastases of tracheal ACC may contribute to long survival. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Cloud computing has been widely accepted by the researchers for the web applications. During the past years, distributed computing replaced the centralized computing and finally turned towards the cloud computing. One can see lots of applications of cloud computing like online sale and purchase, social networking web pages, country wide virtual classes, digital libraries, sharing of pathological research labs, supercomputing and many more. Creating and allocating VMs to applications use virtualization concept. Resource allocates policies and load balancing polices play an important role in managing and allocating resources as per application request in a cloud computing environment. Cloud analyst is a GUI tool that simulates the cloud-computing environment. In the present work, the cloud servers are arranged through step network and a UML model for a minimization of energy consumption by processor, dynamic random access memory, hard disk, electrical components and mother board is developed. A well Unified Modeling Language is used for design of a class diagram. Response time and internet characteristics have been demonstrated and computed results are depicted in the form of tables and graphs using the cloud analyst simulation tool.


Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) accounts for approximately 25-30% of all waste generated across Europe each year. However, Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC requires from all EU member s ...


Ever since I've started working on Complete Relativity (CR) I feel a certain desire to construct a nuclear fusion reactor. I still believe that, based on the core principles of CR, this can be achieved much easier than based on current theories on nuclear forces. For that reason, I've started doing experiments. However, some of these experiments could have a practical value outside of the realm of fusion. This is one such experiment.


The earliest theories of disease postulated concrete entities which exist independently of the body. The seventeenth-century view was that diagnostically important clinical manifestations were attributes of the disease entity and not of the patient. This view was challenged in the nineteenth century by Virchow for whom a disease entity was a pathologically altered part of the body. The notion of disease entity lost its original ontological connotations and instead its important feature became the possession of a unitary and self-contained character. Dr Taylor describes the modern theories as essentially 'reactive' in character, that is the symptoms of a disease are the bodily reactions to the 'noxae'. After setting the subject into its historical context, Dr Taylor goes on to discuss in detail the notion of the classification of diseases, making extensive use of modern views on the logic of classes. The book will be read by physicians, psychiatrists, historians of medicine and philosophers of science. £6.50 net


Objectives: A systematic appraisal of the literature to determine if audiovisual feedback devices can improve CPR quality delivered by health care practitioners (HCPs) and/or survival outcomes following cardiac arrest. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CIHAHL and AUSTHEALTH in May 2013 for experimental and observational (human or manikin) studies examining the effect of the use of audiovisual feedback devices by HCPs in simulated and actual cardiac arrest. The primary outcome for human studies was survival to hospital discharge with good neurologic outcome. Secondary outcomes were other survival data and quality of CPR performance; the latter was also reported for manikin studies. Results: Three human interventional studies (n = 2100) and 17 manikin studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall quality of included studies was poor, with significant clinical heterogeneity. All three human studies reported no significant change to any survival outcomes despite improvement in chest compression (CC) depth by 2.5 mm (95% CI 0.9–4.3), CC rate 6 min−1 closer to 100 (95% CI 2.4–10.7) and a reduction in no-flow fraction by 1.9% on meta-analysis. Manikin studies showed similar improvements in CC parameters. Conclusion: In both manikin and human studies, feedback during resuscitation can result in rescuers providing CC parameters closer to recommendations. There is no evidence that this translates into improved patient outcomes. The reason for this is not yet evident and further patient centered research is warranted. Crown Copyright © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


A non-linear crash simulation model is created to verify crashworthiness performance of some locomotive body,which includes or does not include crashworthiness device at 15 km/h,20 km/h and 36 km/h of crashing speed.The simulation result shows that the performance of the locomotive body including crashworthiness device is improved greatly and meet the design requirements and the critical crashing speed of the body keeping non-damnification is 20 km/h.


Fingerprint recognition is verifying the match between two fingerprints. Fingerprint recognition is mostly based on minutiae. In this paper the review on minutiae extraction is done after various fingerprint enhancement methods. Minutiae extraction common method cross-numbering is reviewed and how to remove false minutiae with segmented mask technique. Keywords— Minutiae feature, fingerprint enhancement, Image segmentation, Enhanced thinning, Minutiae extraction, false minutiae.


The purpose of our study was oriented towards a comparative study of the biological characteristics of the larvae from parental breeds and the hybrid combinations during the IVth and Vth period at the silk-worm (Bombyx mori L.) taking into account the fact that there is a positive correlation in the development of the larva and the sericigene gland's mass from which the silk thread results.
Analysing the obtained data, results the fact that the hybrids have a longer larva length and the multiplication rata higher starting from hatching until the last stadium of the larva, compared to the parental breeds. In what concerns the medium mass of the last aged larva and the multiplication mass rata of the hatching until the final larva stadium the differences were minimised, resulting the fact that the length of the larva does not influence the mass of the it. Therefore it is to be noticed the fact that the hybrids achieve superior performances in a three days shorter period.
The length of the larva stage in parental breeds being of 28 days while in the hybrid combinations the length of the larva stage was of 25 days, in this respect reducing the productive performances, the growth period, and the amount of food increasing at the same time


Estimation of abundance or biomass, using acoustic techniques requires knowledge of the frequency dependent acoustic backscatter characteristics, or target strength, of organisms. Target strength of zooplankton is typically estimated from physics‐based models that involve multiple parameters, notably including the acoustic material properties (i.e., the contrasts in density and sound speed between the animal and surrounding seawater). In this work, variability in the acoustic material properties of two zooplankton species in the Gulf of Maine, the copepod (Calanus finmarchicus) and krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), was investigated relative to changing season as well as, for the copepod, temperature and depth. Increases in the density and sound speed contrasts of these species from fall to spring were observed. Target strength predictions based on these measurements varied between fall and spring by 2‐3 dB in krill. Measurements were also conducted on C. finmarchicus lipid extract at changing temperature and pressure. The density contrast of the extract varied negatively with temperature, while the sound speed contrast changed by more than 10 % over the temperature and pressure ranges that the organism expected to occupy. C. finmarchicus target strength predictions showed that the combined effect of temperature and pressure can be significant (more than 10 dB) due to the varying response of lipids. The large vertical migration ranges and lipid accumulation characteristics of these species (e.g., the diapause behaviour of Calanus copepods) suggest that it is necessary for seasonal and environmental variability in material properties to be taken into account to achieve reliable measurements.


The Hydrangea macrophylla artificial hybridization techniques were introduced,including collecting pollen in time,collecting pollen technology,the post-processing technology,detection technology of pollen germination rate,artificial hybridization technology and management technology after pollination,hoping to provide help and reference for researchers who are engaging in breeding work of Hydrangea macrophylla.


Forms of address change with the social and historical evolutions. These changes may induce social revenge and reveal changes in interpersonal relations. This paper analyzes the types of changes in forms of address in the last five decades in the People's Republic of China and points out the possibility of reciprocal transformations in the positive and negative connotations, formal and informal meaning, and generic and specific reference, respectively.


Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins are potent marine biotoxins. It can cause a severe gastrointestinal illness by the consumption of mussels contaminated by DSP toxins. New methods for effectively and rapidly detecting DSP toxins-contaminated mussels are required. In this study, we used near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition methods to detect DSP toxins. In the range of 950-1700 nm, the spectral data of healthy mussels and DSP toxins-contaminated mussels were acquired. To select optimal waveband subsets, a waveband selection algorithm with a Gaussian membership function based on fuzzy rough set theory was applied. Considering that detecting DSP toxins-contaminated mussels from healthy mussels was an imbalanced classification problem, an improved approach of twin support vector machines (TWSVM) was explored, which is based on a centered kernel alignment. The influences of parameters of the waveband selection algorithm and regularization hyperparameters of the improved TWSVM (ITWSVM) on the performance of models were analyzed. Compared to conventional SVM, TWSVM, and other state-of-the-art algorithms (such as multi-layer perceptron, extreme gradient boosting and adaptive boosting), our proposed model exhibited better performance in detecting DSP toxins and was little affected by the imbalance ratio. For the proposed model, the F-measure reached 0.9886, and detection accuracy reached 98.83%. We explored the physical basis for the detection model by analyzing the relationship between the occurrence of overtone and combination bands and selected wavebands. This study supports NIR spectroscopy as an innovative, rapid, and convenient analytical method to detect DSP toxins in mussels.


Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins (SARS-CoV-2 PPIs) cause information transfer through biochemical pathways that contribute to the immunopathology of COVID-19. Here, we present a communication network model of the immune system to compute the information transferred by the viral proteins using the available SARS-CoV-2 PPIs data. The amount of transferred information depends on the reference state of the immune system, or the state without SARS-CoV-2 PPIs, and can quantify how many variables of the immune system are controlled by the viral proteins. The information received by the immune system proteins from the viral proteins is useful to identify the biological processes (BPs) susceptible to dysregulation, and also to estimate the duration of viral PPIs necessary for the dysregulation to occur. We found that computing the drop in information from viral PPIs due to drugs provides a direct measure for the efficacy of therapies.


I was recently chatting with a fellow NABT member and the conversation turned toward a discussion of advocacy and its role within professional organizations. My thoughts drifted back to my days as a member of the National Education Association's (NEA) Congressional Contact Team. This network of teacher/leaders from across the country maintained regular communication with members of Congress to help them understand the impact of potential legislation on students and teachers. In that context, we were advocates for or against particular issues or legislation and were actively helping to advance the political advocacy program of the NEA Representative Assembly. We were aided in our endeavors by well-trained and organized political-advocacy staff members. Many professional organizations have such staff and are actively engaged in the mission of direct lobbying and political action. Presently NABT is not among them, but that doesn't mean that there is no advocacy for biology education within NABT.

First, we have a responsibility as professional educators and citizens to not sit on the sidelines as politicians make decisions about education in general and …


xotic species canThe "Dow Jones Index" of Biodiversity impact both the economy and eco-systems of an introduced range (Pimentel et al. 2005; Pimentel 2007). By 2010 in Florida, 137 species of non-native amphibians and reptiles were known to have been introduced and 56 had become established (Krysko et al. 2011). Many reports of non-native snakes are associated with urban areas and are presumed to be the result of pets that are released or escape from human dwellings. However, non-native snakes are occasionally found in natural areas, present-ing a special concern for land managers. The Burmese Python (


In near future humanoid robots will not only be able to socialize with the human being but will also be able to replace him even in the irksome and dangerous tasks, ranging from rescuing situations to interplanetary exploration. Nowadays many researchers are engaged on this field to make the humanoid more adaptable, intelligent and representable to the dynamic environment. Designing a suitable and efficient gait for the Biped Intelligent Machine (BIM) is a complex task. In this paper a geometrical analysis is presented to identify the movements and positions of the Center of Gravity (CoG) of a humanoid system while it balancing itself in the Single Support (SS) mode. SS mode while standing on single leg is a very critical job for a bipedal system. The paper also exemplifies the results based on the proposed Geometrical Analysis Technique (GAT) which is applied on the BIOLOID humanoid system.


The principle producing technology of high acid value rap oil deacidification that extraction by using solvent is described in this paper, the technology has advantages of high yields refining and high-quality products ,besides, it has not polluting in production, and it can be references in choice the refining process for oil plants.


The dark electrocatalytic and light photocathodic hydrogen evolution properties of Ni, Ni–Mo alloys, and Pt on Si electrodes have been measured, to assess the viability of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for integrated, semiconductor coupled fuel formation. In the dark, the activities of these catalysts deposited on degenerately doped p+-Si electrodes increased in the order Ni < Ni–Mo ≤ Pt. Ni–Mo deposited on degenerately doped Si microwires exhibited activity that was very similar to that of Pt deposited by metal evaporation on planar Si electrodes. Under 100 mW cm−2 of Air Mass 1.5 solar simulation, the energy conversion efficiencies of p-type Si/catalyst photoelectrodes ranged from 0.2–1%, and increased in the order Ni ≈ Ni–Mo < Pt, due to somewhat lower photovoltages and photocurrents for p-Si/Ni–Mo relative to p-Si/Ni and p-Si/Pt photoelectrodes. Deposition of the catalysts onto microwire arrays resulted in higher apparent catalytic activities and similar photoelectrode efficiencies than were observed on planar p-Si photocathodes, despite lower light absorption by p-Si in the microwire structures.


The North-East: A Soviet View Baren Ray THIS is the fust book published in the Soviet Union about the political development of the hill areas of North- East India. The aim of the author, a senior research fellow of the Institute of Oriental Studies, was to analyse four interconnected aspects : (1) the process of ethnic consolidation of different communities under the impact of external and internal factors; (2) the growth and development of the movements for autonomy; (3) policies or the federal government in respect of the hill tribes; and (4) dynamics of political evolution of the states and union territories after the reorganisation of Assam and upto the parliamentary elections of 1980.


In 2005, according to projections by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007), there are more than 500 000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide, 90% of these occur in developing countries. It is estimated that over 1 000 000 women currently suffer from cervical cancer in the world. However, most of them has not been diagnosed or do not have access to necessary treatments. That same year, about 260 000 women died of this disease and about 95% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. Cervical cancer has remained one of the most serious threats to women's lives (WHO, 2007). After Pap smear test, colposcopy is the most used technique to diagnose this disease because of its a higher sensitivity and specificity. One of the most important colposcopic findings is the level of white color intensity that the cervical tissue reaches after acetic acid application. The major problem with this technique is the intrinsic subjectivity of the test i.e. the amount and speed of color change perceived could be different for various observers; this fact may produce high variability on the diagnosis made by these experts. So the mechanisms to quantify near to absolute measurements of color and speed changes are needed to improve the test. It is difficult to find in the literature a general accepted score for the sensitivity and specificity reached by an expert colposcopist, but in average this test has high sensitivity (98%) but low specificity (48%) (Vlastos, 2002). Some researchers have suggested the use of the temporal patterns intrinsic to the color changes (Balas, 2001; Stefanaki et al., 2001; Pogue Brian et al., 2001). Although some efforts have been made to characterize precancerous cervical lesion using aceto-white temporal patterns, to the best of our knowledge, there is not a complete understanding of how to use them to segment colposcopic images, and there is not an established methodology to automatically analyze colposcopic images using aceto-white temporal patterns for classification of cervical tissue. In the present work, we compare the shape of the temporal patterns to establish relationships among similar shapes, and the correlation of those patterns with certain types


There are distinct varieties of basil types in the genus Ocimum which makes them very special. Genus Ocimum is widespread over Asia, Africa and Central & Southern America. All basils are member of the Lamiaceae family. The colors of the leaves vary from bright green to purple-green and sometimes almost black. Fresh basil leaves have a strong and characteristic aroma, not comparable to any other spice, although there is a hint of clove traceable. Ocimum Sanctum, also addressed as Ocimum Tenuiflorum is a sacred plant in the Hindu culture and known as Tulasi in Tamil or Holy Basil in English. Meanwhile Ocimum Basilicum, known as Common or Sweet Basil has very dark green leaves. The genus Ocimum is cultivated for its remarkable essential oil which exhibits many usages such as in medicinal application, herbs, culinary, perfume for herbal toiletries, aromatherapy treatment and as flavoring agent. Due to varying essential oil profiles even within the same species, plants may often be classified as a different species as a result of different scents. In the present study, volatile constituents of Ocimum Sanctum and Ocimum Basilicum were extracted using various solvents and their chemical constituents were identified and quantified by using GC-MS in optimized conditions. The profiles of extract from both species were compared in an effort to investigate effects of seasonal variation on their chemical compositions. The predominant species in Ocimum Sanctum and Ocimum Basilicum was found to be methyl eugenol and methyl chavicol, respectively, during different months of analysis.


The research on the key factors of surface subsidence in paste backfilling mining of thick coal seam in deep mine is a complex system engineering, which involves mining, backfilling, support, subsidence, safety, and other aspects. At present, there is no systematic research on the key factors of surface subsidence in paste backfilling mining of thick coal seam more than 6 meters in a deep mine. In this paper, field research, laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, and other research methods are used to carry out the research about 3# coal seam under buildings in the Lu'an area. The main conclusions are as follows: through the construction of the fuzzy extension model of surface subsidence in paste backfilling mining, five types of surface subsidence are obtained, including overburden structure, roof subsidence before backfilling, nonbackfilling account, the strength of filling body, and backfilling technology. It is the key factor to control the surface subsidence; the optimization measures are given to provide a reference for the reasonable design of paste backfilling mining in other working faces. The research conclusion has a certain reference value for solving a series of problems such as coal resources under buildings, solid waste disposal, controlling strata and surface movement, improving the recovery rate of mine resources, and extending the service life of mine.


The invention discloses a single-motor head and tail end cropping device of an automatic edge banding machine. The single-motor head and tail end cropping device comprises a frame, a horizontal sliding component, a vertical sliding component, a head and tail end cropping component, a head and tail end cropping tracking component and a pressure-regulating valve part, wherein the horizontal sliding component comprises a horizontal guide rod, a horizontal sliding seat and a horizontal rodless air cylinder, the vertical sliding component comprises a support, a vertical guide rod, a vertical rodless air cylinder and a vertical sliding seat, the head and tail end cropping component comprises a bracket, a motor and saw blades, the head and tail end cropping tracking component comprises a tracking sliding seat, a profiling guide rod, a profiling sliding seat, a profiling air cylinder and a profiling mould, and the pressure-regulating valve part is arranged above all the components and is connected with the horizontal rodless air cylinder, the vertical rodless air cylinder and the profiling air cylinder. The single-motor head and tail end cropping device is formed by the horizontal sliding component, the vertical sliding component, the head and tail end cropping component, the head and tail end cropping tracking component and the pressure-regulating valve part and is simple to operate, low in cost, compact, simple and short in structure and convenient to transport.


A multifunctional prodrug, designated as TPP‐L‐GEM, is fabricated to realize image‐guided in situ tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) with red light activatable chemotherapy. Gemcitabine is conjugated with a fluorescent photosensitizer, meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), by a reactive oxygen species cleavable thioketal linker. Under the irradiation of low‐energy red light, TPP can generate singlet oxygen and damage tumor cells by photodynamic therapy. Simultaneously, the thioketal linkage can be cleaved by singlet oxygen and result in a cascaded gemcitabine release, causing sustained cell damage by chemotherapy. With the combination of PDT and cascaded chemotherapy, TPP‐L‐GEM shows significant tumor therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the inherent fluorescent property of TPP endows the TPP‐L‐GEM prodrug with noninvasive drug tracking capability, which is favorable for image‐guided tumor therapy.


ABSTRACT We examined the features of technegas, pertechnegas, and related nonradioactive aerosols using transmission electron microscopy. Samples of technegas, pertechnegas and unlabeled saline aerosols were created and collected within the Technegas Generator. The samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Technegas, pertechnegas, and the unlabeled saline aerosol particles have the same ultrastructure. Heating by the electron beam produces damage in some of these particles, revealing an opaque core material that is water soluble, and a thin surface layer. Disappearance of chlorine is noted by EELS during heating. We conclude that all of the examined aerosols have the same ultrastructure, regardless of the presence of small concentrations of oxygen during particle formation, and regardless of the presence of the technetium-99m label. We also note that some particles are susceptible to damage by heating; these consist of a thin surface layer and ...


A new polyvinyl chloride container plasticized with tri(2‐ethylhexyl) trimellitate (PL 1240 plastic) was evaluated for use in extended platelet storage. Six leukocyte‐rich platelet concentrates (mean, 0.6 × 109 white cells per bag; range, 0.3 to 1.0 × 109 per container) were prepared by removing as much of the platelet‐rich plasma from blood as possible. The cells were stored at 22°C on an end‐over‐ end agitator. An average of 1.04 ± 0.19 × 1011 platelets was recovered, and the mean pH dropped from 7.23 on day 0 to 6.68 by day 5. At the completion of the storage period. PO2 averaged 80 torr, PCO2 was 35 torr, bicarbonate concentration was 0.5 mM, and lactate concentration 29.5 mM. Thirty‐one additional units of platelet concentrates, not deliberately prepared to be leukocyte‐rich, on day 5 had a pH of 6.75 ± 0.39 (mean platelet yield, 0.97 ± 0.21 × 1011; PO2 and PCO2 averaged 50 and 48 torr, respectively). Following storage, the cells had an average phase microscopic morphology score of 244 (n = 17). Platelets appeared to be preserved well throughout storage when assessed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We conclude that platelets can be stored for 5 days in PL 1240 plastic containers with good preservation of pH and cell ultrastructure.


The development information of technology in the current era of globalization is very fast, this requires all companies in the world to be able to compete with each other. The competition in the bussiness world, forcing all of the companies to think of strategies and breakthroughs that can ensure the sustainability of the bussiness that they run of. PT VARTA MICROBATTERY INDONESIA is a company engaged producing battery-based materials. However, looking at the past years many series of battery models have been discontinued. Some series of battery models that have been stopped production. It's difficult to obtain strategic information such as the level of sales per period, predictions of sales in the coming years, and sales of products produced. Availability large sales data in the database server are often not used optimally, therefore the sales data is only used for daily operational activities. Analysis is needed to see patterns from sales data so as to produce predictions of battery. That big data from customer can be analysis using data mining. The method to use as for predictions is C4.5 Algorithm based on decision tree. This mining activity is expected to provide a decision tree to see patterns of prediction consumer buying behavior the batteries. The results of this mining activity is getting 9 rules with size category knowing as a root and the sales via as a leaf.


In this thesis, results are presented of a cross-sectional epidemiological study among a few hundred bakery workers. Main focus was on the relationship between allergen exposure and the development of specific sensitization and respiratory allergy. Immunoassays were developed for measuring airborne allergens from wheat flour and fungalα-amylase, an enzymatic dough improver. A total of 571 personal inhalable dust samples were available from 230 workers. Wheat flour allergens were measured in 449 of these samples with an inhibition enzyme immuno assay, and an anti-wheat IgG 4 serum pool from bakery workers. Fungalα-amylase allergens were measured in 507 samples in a sandwich immunoassay, using affinity purified polyclonal rabbit IgG 4 antibodies. The validity and specificity of both assays were extensively tested. All bakery workers were categorized into groups, based on their job histories and the wheat orα-amylase allergen exposure levels of their job titles. Optimal grouping strategies were tested. For both orα-amylase and wheat allergens, a clear exposure- sensitization-relationship was found. Atopy appeared to be an important effect modifier of this relationship, and the steepest slope between allergen level and sensitization rate was found within the group of atopic workers. Twenty-three percent of the bakers reported work-related rhinitis or chest-tightness. Symptomatic bakers were divided into occupationally sensitized and non-sensitized workers. In both groups, a relation between allergen exposure and respiratory symptoms was found, but the slope of the relationship was steeper in sensitized bakers than in non-sensitized bakers.


Another approach practically identifies God with the Platonic Forms of truth, goodness, and beauty (especially goodness). Some theologians try saying that anyone who recognizes these as objective values is implicitly committed to belief in God, but others resist that inference.


Over the past three decades, epidemiological studies have firmly established migraine with aura as an important risk factor for ischemic stroke, particularly in young women (1), and those without conventional cardiovascular risk profiles (2). The discovery of migraine's association with a number of other vascular conditions such as Raynaud's phenomenon (3), variant angina (4), pre-eclampsia (5), and livedo reticularis (6), has fueled speculation for a pivotal role of the endothelium in migraine pathogenesis and in migraineassociated stroke (7). The endothelium is an active endocrine organ, producing substances to maintain vascular and neural homeostasis (e.g. prostacyclin, endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and nitric oxide), while inactivating other vasoactive substances (e.g. serotonin and bradykinin). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by impaired vascular reactivity and by endothelial activation. In migraine, reactivity studies have mostly focused on the peripheral vasculature, and findings are conflicting (8). Evidence of increased arterial stiffness, however, has been more uniform (9–12). Findings of a pro-inflammatory and procoagulatory milieu in migraine have been offered as indirect evidence of endothelial activation (13). Newer lines of investigation include the quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and each of three studies has demonstrated significant differences (either increased or decreased) between migraineurs and the control group (14–16). This has been interpreted as being related to increased need for endothelial repair. In their article ''Circulating endothelial microparticles in female migraineurs with aura,'' Liman and coauthors report a case-control study of a novel surrogate marker for endothelial activation in a small cohort of premenopausal women, the subgroup at highest risk of stroke (17). Microparticles (MPs) is the term for the submicron membrane vesicles released from different cell populations into the circulation in response to various stimuli (18). Although initially referred to as ''cellular debris,'' it is now recognized that the quality and quantity of circulating MPs carry a wealth of biological information (18,19). The specific protein and oxidized phospholipid composition of the MPs reveals both the cellular origin (e.g. platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells) as well as the underlying stimulus producing them (e.g. activation, injury, apoptosis). It is estimated that at least 70% of circulating MPs are derived from platelets with only 5% to 15% from endothelial cells (19). The quantity of MPs in the circulation increases across the spectrum from health to disease. The main finding from the study by Liman et al. (17) is that levels of endothelial MPs (EMPs) related to endothelial activation are elevated in young women with migraine with aura. Furthermore, the activated EMP levels positively correlate with the finger tonometry-derived augmentation index, a marker of arterial stiffness. Lastly, the authors report that levels of MPs from platelets (PMPs) and monocytes (MMPs) are also elevated in migraine, indicating a pro-inflammatory and hypercoagulable state. The implications of these findings as they pertain to migraine pathogenesis and stroke risk are best understood in the context of the literature. Cell culture studies demonstrate that EMPs are shed on exposure to inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) alpha (18,19). Levels of these and other cytokines are elevated in the plasma of migraineurs between attacks (compared to healthy controls), and rise during attacks (compared to their interictal levels) (20–24). Interictal cytokine levels have been reported to correlate with migraine


As an inert support, silica is appropriate to disperse active copper species to study the intrinsic structure–activity relationship for redox reactions including CO oxidation. Herein, a copper–sili...


The structure of the urban road network affects the mode of urban development and the position of urban social and economic activities, families, and employment centers. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the supply inequality of urban road network and its impact on urban development so as to form a sustainable and fair urban development model in cities. Based on the fractal analysis, this paper seeks the evaluation index of urban road network layout and internal structure characteristics to guide the optimization and adjustment of the urban road network, which is of great significance for guiding urban land use, effectively utilizing geospatial space, and promoting sustainable urban development, and attempts to apply the fractal analysis concept to evaluate the urban road network in Harbin, China. It is found that there is a good relationship between the length of the urban road network and the build-up area. Therefore, fractal analysis is used to reasonably determine the spatial demand of incremental road networks, considering the impact of road network increase on development mode. This paper argues that fractal analysis is an auspicious tool for the evaluation of urban road networks, including solving the problem of supply inequality in urban road networks, which is very suitable for the gradual construction of road networks in urban situations, especially in the development environment of road networks with scarce resources.


Two new approaches for detecting a maneuvering air target in strong sea-clutter are proposed in this paper. One is based on the adaptive chirplet decomposition, and the other is inspired by the spectral subtraction. Experiments with real-world data samples show that both methods presented in this paper can effectively enhance the Doppler radar signals from maneuvering air targets though each has different strength and weakness.


The Government of India Act, 1935, was the high water mark of the constitutional history of British India. In it were incorporated all the experiences of the earlier constitutions. Popular representation, which originated in a small way in 1892, dyarchy and ministerial representation, which dated from 1921, provincial autonomy, whose chequered history went as far »back as the eighteenth century's Presidencies, communal representation, which received its first recognition in 1909 and the safeguards stated in the Act of 1919, had one and all flowed into it. The Indian Independence Act, 1947, which created the two Dominions of India and Pakistan, laid down that until such time as the new Dominions would formulate their own constitutions, the Government of India Act, 1935, would be adapted for each of the Dominions by orders of their respective Governors-General.


This study aims to discover the image of Freemason in Matt Rees�s Mozart�s Last Aria. There are three main points analyzed by the author: the perception of Freemason viewed from the eye of its members and non-members, the representation of Freemason, and


In this paper, a new mesh based algorithm is applied for motion estimation and compensation in the wavelet domain. The first major contribution of this work is the introduction of a new active mesh based method for motion estimation and compensation. The proposed algorithm is based on the mesh energy minimization with novel sets of energy functions. The proposed energy functions have appropriate features, which improve the accuracy of motion estimation and compensation algorithm. We employ the proposed motion estimation algorithm in two different manners for video compression. In the first approach, the proposed algorithm is employed for motion estimation of consecutive frames. In the second approach, the algorithm is applied for motion estimation and compensation in the wavelet sub-bands. The experimental results reveal that the incorporation of active mesh based motion-compensated temporal filtering into wavelet sub-bands significantly improves the distortion performance rate of the video compression. We also use a new wavelet coder for the coding of the 3D volume of coefficients based on the retained energy criteria. This coder gives the maximum retained energy in all sub-bands. The proposed algorithm was tested with some video sequences and the results showed that the use of the proposed active mesh method for motion compensation and its implementation in sub-bands yields significant improvement in PSNR performance.


An estimated 2.5 to 3.0 million acre-feet of runoff water accumulate annually in playas on the Southern High Plains. This large water resource should be developed for more intensive use; however, past lack of knowledge about its quality has impeded progress. Thirteen playas were sampled over an area extending about 100 miles from northeast to southwest and covering two major soil types. The water from playas contained less salts than ground water and was of excellent quality for irrigation. Nitrate contents were less than 1.0 mg/1 in nearly all playas. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to farmland added little, if any, nitrate to the surface runoff water. Suspended solids contained in playa waters were high and variable but were substantially reduced by settling in deep reservoirs protected from wind and wave action.


The paper discusses the turbocharger turbine shaft critical speed calculations. Assuming floating bearing is a fixed bearing. Role in the turbine and the shaft of the axial force and torque are negligible. Each part of the shaft and shaft as the weight of the concentrated force act on the shaft. Without considering the temperature. Supporting structure of the turbine shaft is to simplify. Calculate the center of gravity and the axis of each part the focus of the shaft segment and synthesis of focus. Calculated stiffness of the shaft axis of the supporting structure according to simplified. Turbine shaft critical speed calculation applicates Dunkeley cumulative method.


to be a main objective of the paper. We will remove this unfortunate formulation. The main objective of the paper is to reveal the Tjellefonna fault geometry at depth. The Tjellefonna fault was previously recognized based upon several fault rocks outcropping along a strong topographic lineament, namely the Langfjorden. However, towards north-east the topographic low seems to deviate from the fault based on outcrops and regional scale potential field analysis (Nasuti et al., 2012). We will include a map of the topography with the seismic and resistivity profiles on top and outline the suggested fault to show this more clearly. The conclusion that the topographic low follows a secondary fracture system towards north-east will be removed. The conclusion is simply that the Tjellefonna fault appears to deviate from the main topographic low towards the northeast. The seismic result is consistent with results based on outcrops and regional scale potential field analysis (Nasuti et al., 2012).


The competition of contemporary automotive market has evolved from competition between enterprises to competition between industry value chain(IVC). Based on the theory of IVC, this paper explains the relationship between extension of value chain and enhancing competition of China's automotive industry. Through analysis of developmental mode of US and Japan's automotive industry, propose the strategic mode of value chain extension, which also is the mode of industrial and financial capital combination, to promote competitive power of China's automotive industry value chain. This mode will make China's automotive industry develop rapidly, but it will give rise to very high risk. Finally, this paper gives corresponding control and governance measures by analysis of risk factors.


The leading seismic predication for tunnels is to predict by some means or methods the locations,characters and scales of unfavorable geological bodies or their boundaries in underground engineering construction and so to previde reliable basis for countermeasures to guarantee safe,quick and continous construction.This paper discusses the basic principles of the leading tunnel reflection seismic predication(TRSP),analyzes the characters of wave propagation,studies the optimum geometry system and summarizes the time-distance relations law of TRSP.A special data processing system named TRSP1.0 was developed,which includes function modules for wave form processing,forward numerical modeling targets imaging and extracting of lithologic parameters.Synthetic and real data have testified that good results may be acquired with this TRSP1.0.


It is hard to believe that this issue brings to a close the third year of Athletic Training & Sports Health Care: The Journal for the Practicing Clinician. I am amazed at how quickly these 3 years have passed. As the Journal's Editor, I have learned a great deal and have come to appreciate even more the importance of the peer review publication process in furthering the knowledge base of athletic trainers and other sports health care professionals. With a great deal of help from the editorial staff at SLACK Incorporated and our energetic editorial board, we at Athletic Training & Sports Health Care are able to disseminate useful and important information to our readership 6 times each year. As we look to the future, I think it is important for us to reexamine our mission to ensure that we are serving our readership in the best possible way. Here is that mission statement: The mission of the journal Athletic Training and Sports Health Care: The Journal for the Practicing Clinician is to provide a forum for the dissemination of contemporary athletic training and sports health care information and guidance to clinicians involved in a variety of allied health professions. Primary emphasis is on the clinical relevance of information to the practicing sports health care professional. The journal publishes peer-reviewed articles including original research, case reviews, evidence-based reports, clinical columns, systematic reviews, and literature reviews from a variety of sports health care disciplines. And so I ask you, reader: How are we doing at fulfi lling this mission? We want to hear from you: • What do you like best about the Journal? • What improvements can we make to better spread the message to our audience of sports health care professionals? • Are there things that you dislike about the Journal? Your feedback is appreciated and can be sent directly to me at firstname.lastname@example.com. Reader feedback at this stage of our continued growth will provide us with the opportunity to continue meeting the needs of our clinical audience and ensure that the highest quality sports medicine information is articulated. As the famed graphic artist and card designer Mary Engelbreit said: "If you don't like something change it; if you can't change it, change the way you think about it." Cheers to turning 4 and many more birthdays to come! ■


The present study was designed to determine whether the gastric freezing promotes the healing of peptic ulcer or not. Except for the control group, all the dogs were subjected to the gastric freezing and a standard experimental gastric ulcer was created afterwards at the varying intervals of 1, 3 and 6 months respectively. Control dogs were subjected to the ulcer operation only. Three weeks postoperatively the dogs were sacrificed and the healing of ulcer was studied. Initially, experimentally produced gastric ulcers showed a tendency of healing due to the depression in acid peptic power of the gastric juice. This, however, was followed by the gradual increase of perforation and persistent ulceration when observed up to 6 months following the date of the gastric freeze. These observations lead to conclusion that although the gastric acid pepsin secretion is temporarily depressed by gastric freezing, its return to the control level can be expected with the lapse of time. Problems of gastric freezing technique were also discussed.


This study presents the relationship between modulus of elasticity and, modulus of rupture relationship with compressive strength of M60 concrete incorporating Metakaolin. Comparing the experimentally obtained result with the mechanical properties calculated using the recommended relationship from the various design codes, one finds substantially variation in the data. A new empirical relationship between elastic modulus, modulus of rupture and compressive strength for Metakolin based M60 concrete is proposed.


Summary — Agro-ecological diagnosis of the vegetation on dairy cow mountain pastures in the French northern Alps: development and utilization of a simplified typology. Ensuring perennial growth of dairy cow mountain pastures in the French northern Alps is particularly dependent upon good exploitation of mountain resources. A good knowledge of these resources is essential for appropriate management. A typology of vegetation on such pastures has been developed aiming at an agro-ecological diagnosis. It is based upon 220 linear surveys, sampled from 7 summer pastures representative of the area under study. Multivariate analysis of these data, including correspondence analysis followed by hierarchical clustering resulted in the selection of 11 types and 25 subtypes of vegetation. This typology serves various purposes. It is a guide for a simplified identification of pastoral resources which is simple enough to be used by individuals with no specific expertise in flora. The key for identification of vegetation types is based upon a joint assessment of different criteria: morphology (ie plant height), dominant or characteristic species (25 for the 11-type simplified typology), environmental conditions, or grazing and fertilizing practices. This classification can be extended to all mountain pastures in the northern part of the French Alps. It is a tool for pastoral diagnosis, since each vegetation type is defined by its grazing capacity, in terms of productivity, nutritive value, growing rate and stocking rate. Recommendations have been made to maintain or improve native pasture vegetation, and evolutionary hypotheses have been put forward. Establishment of this typology is an essential step for future research on vegetation dynamics analysis and also for vegetation mapping via remote sensing techniques, in view of rangeland managment in mountainous areas.


Nowadays, most cases for verification are done using biometrics, but certain alternatives still use physical signatures such as Banks and Document signing. In this paper, we compare signatures and verify whether the given signature matches with the original signature or is a forgery. This is done using Artificial Neural Networks, which is a part of artificial intelligence and has brought in a lot of solutions to real world complex problems that need extensive study and research for arriving at a solution which is difficult to do so with the help of standard conventional techniques that does not make use of sophisticated algorithms. Convolutional Siamese Network, which is one part of the Artificial Neural Network, is the technique used here for signature verification. We will see how this is done by first understanding what a Siamese network is and then explaining about the various steps involved in the signature verification process such as uploading dataset, pre-processing, training, testing and finally the implementation part which tells us if the signature is authentic or forged. Keywords—Convolutional Siamese Network, Artificial neural network


This work introduces multi-objective water cycle algorithm (MOWCA) to find the accurate location and size of distributed energy resource (DERs) considering different load models for two seasons (winter, and summer). The impact of uncertainties produced from load and renewable energy resource (RES) such as wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) on the performance of the radial distribution system (RDS) are covered as this is closer to the real operation condition. The point estimate method (PEM) is applied for modeling the RES uncertainties. An optimization technique is implemented to find the multi-objective optimal allocation of RESs in RDSs considering uncertainty effect. The main objectives of the work are to maximize the technical, economic and environmental benefits by minimizing different objective functions such as the dissipated power, the voltage deviation, DG cost and total emissions. The proposed multi-objective model is solved by using multi-objective water cycle algorithm (MOWCA), considering the Pareto criterion with nonlinear sorting based on fuzzy mechanism. The proposed algorithm is carried out on different IEEE power systems with various cases.


Welfare facilities and services for employees are i ncreasingly becoming important in organisations. Employees are a major determinant of the success of any organisation, therefore, a company's success is not only measured by the margins and profits it declares, but also by the state of well-being of the workers. This article looks at the importance of welfare facilities and services to the workforce an d the need for an organisation to ensure they provide statutory welfare schemes and non-stat utory welfare schemes for their employees. The article accentuates the importance oimplementation of welfare schemes and the consequences for failure of implementation.


In order to observe the changes of counterregulatory hormones after insulin induced hypoglycemia in IDDM, NIDDM and Vacor induced diabetes. Levels of blood glucose and counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol of normal controls and the diabetes in overnight fasting state were measured before and after insulin infusion. The results were as follows; 1) In normal controls after insulin infusion plasma glucose concentration decreased abruptly to reach nadirs in 20 minutes (23.3±8.9mg/dl) while glucagon secretion increased twofold above baseline in 40 minutes (70.5±28.9 to 148.5±19.9, p<0.005). 2) In IDDM and NIDDM after insulin infusion plasma glucose concentration decreased slowly to reach nadirs in 50 minutes, however, in Vacor diabetes to reach in 120 minutes, Glucagon response in IDDM groups was depressed compared with other two diabetic groups. 3) The pattern of plasma growth hormone and cortisol secretion in IDDM and NIDDM was similar to normal controls, but in Vacor diabetes responses of growth hormone and cortisol were significantly decreased compared with other two diabetic groups. These results suggest that glucose recovery from insulin induced hypoglycemia in the diabetes was retarded compared with normal controls, it may be probably due to decreased response of glucagon secretion to hypoglycemia.


The Study Guide for the Role of Lord Ruthven in Heinrich Marschner's Der Vampyr is designed to thoroughly prepare the performance of Lord Ruthven and promote Heinrich Marschner's composition beyond the fringes of the operatic repertory. A methodical search of dissertation titles, abstracts, and related studies reveals a lack of preparation, performance, or study guides for Lord Ruthven and other major, compelling characters in opera and music drama. The purpose of this document is to provide a detailed study for the role of Lord Ruthven in Heinrich Marschner's opera, Der Vampyr. The researcher's secondary purpose is for this guide to become a highly reproducible model for other worthy characters in the operatic repertory. This study is intended to aid the singer planning to perform Lord Ruthven, as well as the voice teacher, vocal coach, stage director, and conductor slotted to prepare and instruct the singer. This study will draw into focus what is arguably one of literature's most beguiling protagonists.


Intense plastic deformation during equal–channel angular extrusion (ECAE) can occur in a broad region at the channel die intersection called the plastic deformation zone (PDZ). When the outer corner of the ECAE die is rounded, PDZs deviate from the model of single–plane simple shear, causing flow to be inhomogeneous. In this work, we explore the validity of using an analytical description of the PDZ by comparing model predictions against finite element (FE) simulations using various material and friction conditions and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) measurements on ECAE one–pass copper. Inhomogeneous deformation divided the sample into two distinct regions across the sample thickness, wherein the accumulated strain, velocity gradient, texture evolution, and microstructural features are distinct. We demonstrate that intense deformation in the upper part is described well by sequences of simple shearing in a central fan and deformation in the lower part by a combination of low–intensity shear and rigid body rotation. Texture predictions by FE provided the same result as the PDZ model and OIM for the upper part, regardless of the friction and strain hardening variables considered. However, texture results for the lower part were sensitive to choices of friction and strain hardening. Though an idealization, this analytical two–region PDZ model, once characterized, can lend insight and be computationally efficient for multi-pass predictions.


Systems, devices and methods are provided, for acquiring and dispensing predetermined volumes of liquids and, in particular, to a unique piezoelectric dispenser for acquiring and dispensing of small volumes of fluid in an automatic or manual production of DNA arrays and assays, wherein droplets are dispensed in a single drop format with volumes that may range from about a few picoliters to several nanoliters. The dispenser can advantageously utilize a disposable capillary tube assembly while desirably retaining the piezoelectric actuator for subsequent further uses, thereby mitigating the possibility of cross contamination of fluids and providing an economical and cost effective approach with reuse of the piezoelectric actuator for further operation such as with a variety of liquids to be dispensed and transferred. A unique longitudinal transducer can transmit radial tube displacement into controlled axial motion of the tube.


The present invention is, for example, a bacteriophage promoter, by the mechanism of "end link" before further RNA amplification by RNA transcription, relates to a method for increasing the efficiency of second strand cDNA synthesis. In a specific embodiment, the transcription promoter by the same mechanism of "end link", is attached to the 5 'region of the cDNA. Gene signal, by subsequent RNA transcription, are amplified linearly. In a specific embodiment, the direction of the transcribed RNA, depending on the application desired downstream, either sense or antisense. In another aspect, the present invention is from histologically stained tissues and cells, RNA, particularly to a method for extracting and amplifying mRNA.


OBJECTIVE
To present the case of a 19-year-old collegiate distance runner diagnosed with a unilateral sacral stress fracture.

BACKGROUND
Low back and sacroiliac joint pain are common in female athletes but are often difficult to differentiate. Although sacral stress fractures in young female athletes are rarely reported, they are a potential cause of low back pain.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Acute lumbosacral strain, disc disease, gluteus maximus strain, idiopathic low back pain, low back strain, sacroiliac joint sprain, or congenital anomaly.

TREATMENT
Six weeks of active rest and nutritional counseling followed by an incremental 8-week running program. The athlete returned to symptom-free competitive running within 4 months.

UNIQUENESS
This young athlete presented with a unilateral sacral stress fracture with components of the female athlete triad and a vigorous exercise regime.

CONCLUSIONS
Sacral stress fractures are rare in the young female athletic population. Because stress fractures in female runners have various etiologies, a thorough patient history and diagnostic imaging are necessary in the evaluation. Athletes can return to their normal activity once a successful management strategy has addressed all components of the female athlete triad while providing adequate rest. Prevention strategies, such as screening for the components of the female athlete triad, may help to decrease injuries and promote healthier lifestyles among this population.


The invention non-steroidal antiestrogens, way of example relates to a therapeutic drug for autoimmune diseases such as toremifene citrate as an active ingredient. For instance straw genje, for the anti-toremifene citrate shows an excellent therapeutic effect against degeneration diseases, such as autoimmune diseases.


Archaeologists and anthropologists specializing in the field of funerary customs have long been used to considering the degree of social, religious and political investment placed in the dead body. Ever since the pioneering work of Robert Hertz, we have known that the social treatment of corpses is based on a series of rituals that bring into play the full range of collective representations relating to the perpetuation of the group.1 These rituals frequently involve the use of temporary graves, as the final burial or cremation of the bodies is, in the societies studied by Hertz and in others, only the last stage of this process. Few studies in this field, however, have dealt with collective burials. Anthropologists interested in the specific contexts of wars and epidemics2 have developed the notion of 'catastrophe burial', which relates to the simultaneous mass burial of large numbers of corpses as a result of natural disasters, famine, disease or conflict.3 Yet, up until very recently, the treatment of the bodies resulting from mass violence – or, for that matter, this extreme violence itself – has received little attention from anthropologists.4


The main objective of this study was to design and identify the parameters of an energy-saving point-to-point (PTP) trajectory plan for a toggle mechanism driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The parameters of many industrial machines are difficult to obtain when they cannot be taken apart. For system identification, an identification method based on the real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) is presented in this paper to identify the parameters of a motor-toggle mechanism. The method increases calculation efficiency greatly, and calculations are made by real-code without having to perform the operations of encoding or decoding. With regards to trajectory planning, we propose a novel energy-saving PTP trajectory planning method. The RGA determined the parameters used to formulate the polynomial and satisfy the desired fitness function of minimum absolute input energy (MAIE). The algorithm was tested both in numerical simulations and experimentally. Desirable results were obtained for comparisons between the trapezoidal and 30th-degree polynomials during operation.


The centromere protein B (CENP-B) recognises DNA of a particular nucleotide sequence. We have identified two repeating units in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of CENP-B by examining its amino acid sequence closely. The sequences of the two units resemble not only each other but also the sequences of the DBDs of transcription factors, Myb, LexA and DtxR. Since all the above transcription factors have three α-helices in their DNA-binding units, it is likely that each unit of CENP-B is also composed of three α-helices. We discuss possible ways in which the two units of CENP-B are combined along the same DNA.


The objectives of the National Coal Utilization Assessment are: Identification of the environmental, health and socioeconomic impacts to be expected from the increased use of coal; investigation of mitigation strategies that might be used to manage these impacts; and establishment of working relationships with state and regional agencies and utilities. A number of energy issues were identified in the course of the study. Probably the most significant issues in this region are the siting of coal-fired power plants and the tradeoff in water allocation between energy and agriculture. Choices of coal-fired generation sites and water use determine the level of impacts to air, water, land, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and human health and socioeconomics. Air quality impacts were studied by incorporating current and projected emission inventories into both short-range and long-range air quality diffusion models. Results indicate that annual average ambient air quality standards will not be exceeded at any of the sites. Surface water supplies are more than adequate to meet the needs of new coal-fired generating plants located in the Columbia or Snake River; however, future conflicts could arise with agriculture over allocation of water rights. Water quality impacts would be minimal, even in the delicate estuarine andmore » coastal sites, under the assumed control and cooling designs. Terrestrial ecosystems do not appear to be threatened as long as specific sites are selected to avoid identified areas of ''critical'' habitat. Impacts on aquatic biota and habitats seem manageable as long as existing regulations are met. Several rare or endangered species are identified. A computer model was used to facilitate the analysis of socioeconomic impacts to be expected from the addition of coal-fired generating capacity at the candidate sites. A number of issues which are still largely unresolved and deserve further attention are mentioned.« less


International trade is a form of economic cooperation between two or more countries that provides direct benefits. International trade has an important role because a country cannot meet all domestic needs and with international trade, every country in the world can exchange resources owned by each country, with the aim that there is no excess or lack of resources in each country in the world. This research was conducted in 5 countries in ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines with a period being tested for 11 years starting from 2010 to 2020 with 2 independent variables being tested, namely inflation and the exchange rate in 5 ASEAN countries and the dependent variable tested is Exports in the 5 ASEAN countries. Analysis of the data used in this study is panel data regression. The results of this analysis show that inflation and exchange rates have a negative and significant effect on exports in the five ASEAN countries, which means that if inflation or the exchange rate in a country increase, exports will decrease and vice versa. So, the macroeconomic factors that exist in a country must still be considered and also considered in international trade activities.


We read with interest an article in a recent issue of the European Heart Journal, in which Sanchez et al. 1 performed a systematic review to determine the prognostic value of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in haemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). In this study the authors found that RV …


To my three young and beautiful granddaughters Selma, Polly and Noah, born into the digital age and poised for the challenges and opportunities of a brave new world. And to my wife Linda Serra whose love and companionship helps me cope with the world as it is now.


Objective: To determine whether elevated preoperative Btype natriuretic peptide (NP) measurements are an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients having thoracic surgery. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: In-hospital and 30 days after thoracic surgery. Participants: The 742 patients who participated in the 5 observational studies. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: EMBASE, OVID Health Star, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I databases were searched for all studies of noncardiac thoracic surgery patients in whom a preoperative NP was measured up to 1 month before surgery, and that measured the incidence of postoperative AF. Studies were included regardless of their


Many infectious diseases have been well recognized caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species which significantly in public health. Publications worldwide have reported on the emerging and re-emerging of enteroviruses. Until now, epidemiological surveillance data, clinical complication and evolutionary history regarding these viruses in actual on the Asia continent are still limited. To address these concerns, this study aimed to establish comprehensive population-based surveillances, and provided evidence for the evolution in many diseases such as acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, herpangina, hand foot mouth disease, acute gastroenteritis, poliovirus and meningitis caused by enteroviruses. Employing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing approaches for detection, our study revealed that each enterovirus has a specific to cause different disease. Results displayed that infections by coxsackie A24 caused acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, enterovirus species A caused herpangina and hand foot mouth disease, enterovirus species B caused meningitis, various of enterovirus species associated with acute gastroenteritis. These represent the surveillance data of multiple enteroviruses circulate in Thailand. Moreover, this study also investigated the evolutionary relationship based on the analysis of the VP1 gene of poliovirus vaccine strain and meningitis. For poliovirus surveillance, this study did not found positive selective pressure and evolution rate is 3.7x10-4 s/s/y which lower than rate of vaccine derived poliovirus strain. This study supported that transition of oral to inactivated poliovirus vaccine is effective and nearly complete eradication. For meningitis cases, the evolution rate is 1.33x10-3 s/s/y. The phylogeographic analysis revealed that this virus transmitted from Europe and did not found strain from Asia. This study revealed the potential of etiologic agent and transmission pattern that circulated worldwide.


Informal logic seems to be suffering from an image problem, a bad conscience, and an identity crisis. The image problem derives from the somewhat negative connotations of the term "informal," which often conveys the impression that what we have here is a sloppy, nonserious approach to the study of logical problems. 1 The bad conscience stems from conceiving the field as the theory of informal fallacies, and then taking the notion of "theory" to be such as to imply that a theory worthy of the name is necessarily formal;2 this would make the label "informal logic" a disguise for the formal theory of those fallacies different from the deductive and inductive ones. These two views are, respectively, a methodological interpretation of informal logic in terms of its alleged approach ("informality"), and a substantive definition in terms of its alleged subject matter, ("informal fallacies"); now, since it is not easy to devise alternative interpretations as long as one keeps close to the terminological and verbal level,3 this may lead to the identity crisis of wondering what on earth informal logic is supposed to be. In this paper I plan to bypass these difficulties by conceiving informal logic as the theory of reasoning. By theory of reasoning I mean the attempt to formulate, to test, to clarify, and to systematize concepts and principles for the interpretation, the evaluation, and the sound practice of reasoning. I claim that the theory of reasoning so defined is a legitimate philosophical enterprise which is both viable and important, and that it corresponds to the central theoretical4 concerns of those who explicitly identify themselves with the field of informal logic. but that it also suggests certain constructive criticisms and desirable reforms in this discipline.


ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1885–1920 The stabilization of the economy following the Matsukata deflation of the early 1880s marks the end of a transitional period in Japan's economic development and the beginning of the initial phase of modern economic growth that continued to the end of World War I. By the mid-1880s the costs of the Restoration and its aftermath had largely been met, and a start had been made on building an economic infrastructure. Although economic activity and life-styles were still scarcely touched by modern technology and organization, the seeds of a modern economic sector in industry, trade, and finance, on which Japan's future was to depend, were being sown. It is from the 1880s that a reasonably reliable and comprehensive set of quantitative estimates (the LTES series) is available. Prepared in the 1960s and subsequently adjusted in some details, these estimates have provided the material for some sophisticated analyses of Japan's experience. The importance of quantitative data for the description and understanding of economic growth scarcely needs emphasizing. There are, however, caveats regarding these estimates. Although based on the consideration and evaluation of all available data, these estimates have been made into a consistent system by reference to an overall model that makes assumptions about the relationships of the various individual series to one another. Gaps in the data for the period before the late 1880s, moreover, can be filled only on the basis of some preconceptions about the speed and direction of growth.


This paper puts forward the most important rule in the standardized management of the finance stock market in all countries,that is,compulsory information revelation,through a deep-going analysis of how the asymmetrical information caused by the limited ability to process information and the diverse efficiency in processing information influences the efficiency of the finance and stock market.The paper considers that compulsory information revelation is the foundation of the stock market and the precondition to establish a fair,open,just and high efficiency finance and stock market.


In the paper is given an approach to the management of components provision for machine building manufacturer based upon international standards and best practices of leading international companies. The complex expertise methods are used for the development of the proposed machine building manufacturer suppliers'' operational management method. At a strategic level is proposed a tool for planning the suppliers'' portfolio and a machine building manufacturer supplier development methodology.


Submitted for the DNP16 Meeting of The American Physical Society First Results From GRIFFIN: Half-Lives of Neutron Rich 128−130Cd RYAN DUNLOP, University of Guelph, GRIFFIN COLLABORATION —Half-lives ofN = 82 nuclei below doubly-magic 132Sn are key input parameters for any astrophysical r-process scenario and play an important role in the formation and shape of the second r-process abundance peak. Shell-model calculations for neutronrich nuclei near the N = 82 neutron shell closure that are not yet experimentally accessible have been performed by adjusting the quenching of the Gamow-Teller (GT) operator to reproduce the 130Cd half-life. The calculated half-lives of other nuclei in the region are known to be systematically too long. Recently, a shorter half-life for 130Cd was measured by the EURICA collaboration that resolves this discrepancy by scaling the GT quenching by a constant factor for all of the nuclei in the region. Distinguishing between these discrepant half-life measurements for 130Cd is thus of critical importance. We have measured the half-lives of 128−130Cd using the high-efficiency GRIFFIN γ-ray spectrometer at TRIUMF, which improves the precision of the 128,129Cd half-lives, and confirms the shorter half-life of 130Cd recently reported by the EURICA collaboration. Details of the GRIFFIN experiments will be presented and the implications of the resulting half-lives discussed. Ryan Dunlop University of Guelph Date submitted: 01 Jul 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


We explore the (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long-wave (DLW) system. From the standard truncated Painlevé expansion, the Bäcklund transformation (BT) and residual symmetries of this system are derived. The introduction to an appropriate auxiliary dependent variable successfully localizes the residual symmetries to Lie point symmetries. In particular, it is verified that the (2+1)-dimensional DLW system is consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) solvable. If the special form of (CRE)-consistent tanh-function expansion (CTE) is taken, the soliton-cnoidal wave solutions and corresponding images can be explicitly given. Furthermore, the conservation laws of the DLW system are investigated with symmetries and Ibragimov theorem.


Polydimethylacrylamides (PDMAs) end-functionalized with hydrophobic groups were synthesized by the reaction of cesium salts of one- or two-ended living PDMA anion with octadecanoyl and perfluorooctanoyl chlorides and with α-phenylacrylate monomers containing an octadecyl group attached via oligooxyethylene spacers to the acrylate functionality. Size exclusion chromatography or NMR studies indicated that the end functionalizations were nearly quantitative. Reduced viscosity measurements were consistent with predominantly dimeric association of the perfluorooctanoyl-end-functionalized PDMAs. The association of the two-ended, perfluorooctanoyl- and octadecanoyl-functionalized polymers was more extensive and consistent with pairwise association. Furthermore, the presence of oligoethylene oxide spacers between the octadecyl and α-phenylacrylate groups greatly enhanced the hydrophobic association of bis(octadecyl)-end-functionalized PDMA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1403–1418, 2001


Abstract Introduction: Vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients with acromegaly are not associated with bone mineral density (BMD) decrease. Previous studies showed impaired trabecular bone parameters among acromegaly patients. However, recent studies suggest that cortical bone could also play a role in VF development. Objective: Evaluate the utility of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) BMD and bone structural parameters to determine VF risk among acromegaly patients. Patients and Methods: A single-center two years prospective follow up of acromegaly patients regardless of age, gender, disease activity or associated treatments was conducted. Pituitary hormones, glucose metabolism and bone turnover markers in all subjects were assessed. Each subject had L1-4 spine, femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) BMD measured using DXA, and TBS measurement performed ± 7 days from blood sampling. 3D Shaper was used to assess proximal femur trabecular and cortical volumetric (v) BMD, cortical surface (s) BMD and cortical thickness (Cth). VF assessment was performed using the lateral spine imaging IVA™ mode with a Hologic Horizon® densitometer using semi-quantitative approach. Study outcomes were assessed at two time points - baseline and month 24. Results: Seventy subjects (34 M/36F), mean age 55.1 years, including 26 with active disease were studied. After two years a significant decrease in IGF-1 (-30%), osteocalcin (-18%) and TH cortical vBMD (-3%; all p≤0.05) was observed. During follow-up, 13 patients nine of them with controlled disease, developed VF; these patients had greater increase in CTx and decrease in TBS, sBMD, cortical and trabecular vBMD at TH and neck. Multivariate analysis of fracture prediction showed cortical vBMD at TH and neck as best parameters for fracture prediction with AUC 0.766 and 0.774; respectively. TBS was negatively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HBA1c at each time period. Conclusions: Decrease in cortical vBMD was the most sensitive and specific predictor of incident VF suggesting that cortical bone is involved in fracture development among acromegaly patients. In addition, TBS was strongly negatively associated with glucose metabolism, suggesting glucose intolerance could lead to trabecular bone impairment.


Of the 662 men with a screening-detected abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the study by Hultgren et al, 149 (22.5%) eventually underwent elective treatment. More than two-thirds (69%) of the study participants with a screeningdetected AAA measuring 45 to 49 mm at their first visit underwent elective repair within 3 years with a 30-day mortality of 0%. Only 2 of these 662 patients (0.003%) presented with AAA rupture. In contrast, patients not participating in the screening program had a >30-fold higher AAA rupture rate (0.096%; P < .001). The usefulness of AAA screening programs is much debated. Some authors support that population-wide AAA screening programs are necessary and effective, whereas others argue that these programs cause more harm than good. A third opinion is that targeted AAA screening is preferable. The United States Preventive Service Task Force recommended a one-time abdominal ultrasound screening examination for men aged 65 to 75 years with a history of smoking. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) extended these guidelines and provided a weaker recommendation for screening first-degree relatives of AAA patients, as well as men or women >75 years with a history of tobacco use who are otherwise in good health and have not been screened before (Level of recommendation: 2 [weak]; Quality of evidence: C [low]). The purpose of screening is the early identification of AAA patients and the timely implementation of best medical treatment (eg, antiplatelet agents, statin, smoking cessation, and weight loss). A report using the US Medicare records (n 1⁄4 14 948 patients undergoing AAA repair) showed that 35.1% of patients undergoing repair for ruptured AAAs had received diagnostic imaging 6 months prior to surgery, but still presented with a ruptured AAA. Therefore, a significant portion of AAA patients present with rupture despite known AAA status; this suggests suboptimal management. Patients with AAAs have a high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV diseases (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, etc). Up to 80% of AAA patients die not of a ruptured AAA but from other diseases (eg, cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke). Similarly, Hultgren et al reported that 82.9% of their AAA patients died from a non-AAA-related cause. Thus, recognizing the presence of an AAA and treating it as a coronary heart disease equivalent may save more lives than just by dealing with AAAs. Early AAA detection with screening programs is the most effective way of preventing AAA rupture and AAA-related deaths. However, besides the guideline recommendations, any decision regarding treatment needs to be individualized according to life expectancy, clinical risk profile, and so on. Ruptured AAAs represented the 15th leading cause of death and were responsible for nearly 10 000 deaths in the United States in 2018. The early identification of AAA patients with targeted screening programs (as the SVS guidelines recommend) and the timely initiation of preventive measures could effectively reduce the substantial AAA-related mortality.


Different influences on corneal survival were studied in 539 grafts. The follow‐up period ranged from 3 months to 4 1/2 years. The degree of vascularization of the host cornea, previous graft failures and the diameter of the graft could be demonstrated to influence the graft survival significantly. A significant influence of sex differences between donors and recipients was found. A female donor results in a better graft survival in female recipients as compared to male recipents. No significant influence on graft survival was found of pregnancies and blood transfusions. Age of the donor, storage methods and time lapse between death and transplantation did not influence the graft survival either.


Present investigation was undertaken to study the seroprevalence, colicin production, identification and characterization of fimbrial antigens of E.coli associated with calf diarrhoea. During the course of study, a total of 146 faecal samples were obtained from diarrhoeic calves of different age groups from various dairy farms of Bikaner and processed for the isolation and characterization of E.coli.


Personal narratives can teach us much about aspects of people's lives that do not enter the documents that historians prefer. In the case of Holocaust survivors, the written documents were often created by outsiders who had their own agendas and prejudices. To ignore the survivors' memoirs and oral histories would be to create history based on sources no more credible. In some instances, there would be no other documents at all. To ignore the survivors' testimonies in those cases would be to let their history go untold.


Is there a correlation between plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients in Turkey? Objective: Atherosclerosis is very common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to investigate the relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) which is known as 'an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase' and atherosclerosis among patients with a diagnosis


Although the presented facts adequately reinforce the outlined theory I would like in the studious quality of the subject to make a comment concerning an analysis error present in the discussion. On page 966 in the last phrase of the first paragraph the authors comment on habitually late interventions and affirm that "to combat this epidemic (in the 70s) that registered in some cities the incidence of 170 cases out of 100000 habitants they unleashed a mass vaccination campaign against the sickness in April 1975 only after the initial decline of incidence." This affirmation is completely wrong and uncharacteristic of the importance of mass vaccination in the control of what was the largest epidemic of meningococcal disease in history. (excerpt)


Variable message signs (VMS), also known as changeable message signs (CMS) or dynamic message signs (DMS), are traffic control devices to communicate with motorists. A VMS is generally used to inform motorists the roadway, traffic, or weather conditions. It is also used to display travel times and public service announcements. This study attempts to utilize archived traffic data from the MRR1 freeway area in Kuala Lumpur to assess the accuracy with which VMS display travel time estimates, and driver response to display messages of varying lengths and formatting. Results show that usage of Variable Message Signs reduces the average travel times during the duration of the incident until the clearing of the resulting congestion by a significant amount. Under the presence of VMS, there is a significant shift of people from higher travel times in case of incident to lower travel times. The results demonstrate that VMS has no significant impact on gap but occupancy comes down.


Ion molecule reactions usually occur between reagent ion and neutral sample molecules under chemical ionization (CI) and ion cyclotron (ICR) conditions. The set of Bronsted acids generated in methane CI plasma are all powerful protic acids and are present in the CI source in far greater concentrations than the protonated PEG and PEGDAE ions and the many fragments of these oligomers. However, sample ion/sample molecule (SISM) reactions were observed under CI conditions with large sample size of polar compounds, and are useful in forming MH+ ions for molecular weight determination. These SISM reactions will not be noticed unless studies are made about the variation of CI spectra with sample size. The CH4/CI mass spectra of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers contain MH+ ions whose relative abundances are low, variable,and increase with increasing sample size across the chromatographic peaks and not with increasing value of x or n; hence, a major portion of these ions is formed by SISM reactions. The dominant fragment ion in the CH4/CI mass spectra of all PEG and PEGDAE's are the ions at m/z 45 (C2H5O+) and m/z 59 (C3H7O+) respectively. Inthis paper, electronic ionization (EI), CI, and ion molecule reactions of the PEG and PEGMAE's were used to produce C2H5O+ and C3H7O+ ions in the source of an FT/ICR mass spectrometer and were used to react with PEG's and PEGDME's. Reaction profiles of these two sample ions were monitored and their reaction products and profile were also obtained. The ion molecule reaction of C2H5O+ ions from PEG gave spectra similar spectra to those produced by CH4/CI. The reaction profile of isomeric C3H7O+ ions with PEGDAE's follow the same pattern like those observed for the C2H5O+ ions. The relative abundances of the MH+ in the CH4 CI mass spectra of PEG and PEGDAE oligomers increased dramatically with increasing sample size confirming the occurrence of sample ion/sample molecule reactions under normal CI conditions. The limitation of this study include the fact that collision rate constants, the reduced mass (1/μ1/2) of the colliding pair and the proton affinities of PEG and PEGDAE's are not known which might have helped to understand why SISM reactions preferably occurs in the presence of larger concentrations of reagent ions. Further studies needs to be done to access these parameters.


Nelson Mandela, with Johnny Issel, Alan Boesak, Cheryl Carolus and Dullah Omar, at an African National Congress (ANC) election campaign rally.


With the development of SOC technology, the structure of today's CPU is very complex, conventional design and verification methods such as testing and simulating can't guarantee the correctness of CPU structure designs. In the area of CPU design and verification, formal verification is an emerging technology. To solve the problem of verifying CPU structure, we construct the CPU structure axiom system based on the CPU structure model and propose a formal method that proving theorem on this axiom system. Meanwhile we develop an automated verification tool. In this paper we describe our formal verification work on MIPS CPU.


This paper summarizes a numerical investigation of the fundamental structure of the rotor tip-clearance vortex and its interaction with a passage trailing-edge vortex in a single-stage stator-rotor pump. The flow field of a highly-loaded rotor measured in a high Reynolds number pump facility (HIREP) is used for comparison. The numerical solution was obtained by solving the three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The calculated results are visualized in order to understand the details of the tip-vortex structure. The study shows that the tip geometry should be accurately represented to predict the tip-vortex structure correctly.Copyright © 1996 by ASME


Passenger car units (PCU) of different types of vehicles are required to convert a mixed traffic stream into a homogeneous equivalent, and thereby to express the mixed traffic flow in terms of equivalent number of passenger cars. Earlier studies have reported that PCU for a vehicle is dynamic in nature and changes with traffic volume and proportional share of a vehicle type in the traffic stream. The present study provides PCU values for different types of vehicles typically found on interurban multilane highways in India at different levels of service (LOS). Traffic simulation model VISSIM is used to generate the traffic flow and speed data for conditions that are difficult to obtain from field observations. Important VISSIM parameters are first calibrated to reflect mixed traffic flow behavior and then the software is used to draw the speed-volume relationships for cars and one of the remaining four categories of vehicles in the traffic stream. The proportion of second category of the vehicle was also varied to observe its effects on PCU values. Finally, PCU values are suggested for different type of vehicles at different LOS and for different traffic composition on four-lane and six-lane divided highways.