Two birds from the early oligocene of Luberon. Two fossils of birds are studied in this paper. They come from the Stampian of Luberon in France. They have been found in the formation of calcaires de Vachères in two localities : Viens and Céreste. The fossil from Viens is a Scolopacidae, order Charadriiformes. This fossil is the oldest European record of Scolopacidae and there is only one other Scolopacidae from the same age in the world. So, this fossil confirms that the Scolopacidae existed since the early Oligocene. The fossil from Céreste is a Threskiornithidae. The first reliable record of this family is from the middle Eocene of Messel (Germany), so the record of a Threskiornithidae in the Luberon is not surprising. These two birds lived around the Luberon lakes thirty million years ago.


This report focuses on efficiency improvements to power plants, and discusses retrofits, technologies, and other modifications to facility operations which offer the potential to improve power plant efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.


In order to reduce pedestrian casualties in vehicle traffic accidents, safety countermeasures, for example the active hood system and external airbag system, have been proposed to protect pedestrians in vehicle collisions. Such a protection system must consist of a sensing system to detect the pedestrian impact and/or the potential impact. It is a key issue to verify the effectiveness of the detection system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a remote sensing system and a contact sensor for the detection of pedestrian impacts. In paper I, a remote sensing system was evaluated for the pedestrian detection in vehicle traffic environment. In this study, the car-pedestrian accident data were selected from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA), a database developed by collecting accident data from the police and hospitals. In this database, 9 scenarios of car-pedestrian accidents were defined according to pedestrian and car trajectories and accident locations. A total of 2,199 car-pedestrian impacts with identified accident scenarios were selected from the database and further analyzed in this study. Based upon the analysis, the two most common scenarios–accounting for 46.8 percent of all the cases–were identified as cars entering and leaving intersections colliding with pedestrians crossing the road. Based on this understanding, the knowledge of these two scenarios was developed in terms of the trajectories and speeds of pedestrians and cars: the qualitative pedestrian and car trajectories were described by the definition of the accident scenarios, while the quantitative speeds of pedestrians and cars were estimated based on pedestrian ages and road speed limits. By using both the qualitative and quantitative data, a mathematical model was presented with the hypothesis that all the pedestrians in both scenarios were not obstructed. The effectiveness of the sensing system for the detection of potential pedestrian collisions was then evaluated by using this model. In paper II, a new pedestrian air-tube contact sensor in the car bumper was developed at Autoliv Research due to that a traditional contact sensor can be unstable at varying temperatures. This paper aimed to evaluate the new contact sensor for the temperature-independent measurement of pedestrian impacts. First, the baseline FE bumper model of a production car was developed and validated according to the EuroNCAP lower legform impact tests performed on the car bumper. The results of the validation analysis were comparable with the test results, but they have exceeded the limits of the EEVC WG17 lower legform impact tests. The baseline bumper model was therefore considered as valid, but it required an enhanced safety performance. Based on the baseline model, an improved bumper model was subsequently developed to meet the EEVC requirements. Following the EEVC test methods, the legform impact simulations were conducted in the middle and on the left and right sides of the improved bumper model, resulting in the maximum legform responses of tibia accelerations from 117 to 139 g and knee bending angle from 7.7 to 9.3 degree, thereby meeting the EEVC requirements. Second, a FE human lower extremity model was developed; the baseline and improved bumper models were further evaluated using this human model. The improved model was shown to protect the human knee joint effectively, but the risks of tibia and fibula fractures were increased. Finally, the contact sensor was built into the improved bumper model and an analysis was conducted to evaluate the sensor performance. From paper I, it was concluded that the sensing system can detect almost all the pedestrians in the two scenarios, if the detective angle of the system is greater than 60 degrees. From paper II, it was determined that using a 25-mm instead of 50-mm air-tube sensor resulted in more stable sensor output at varying temperatures in the EEVC WG17 legform impacts; moreover the sensor was more sensitive to the different masses of the impact objects. The 25-mm air-tube sensor was thus a better choice for the contact sensor design.


MCCARTHY, DAWN R., Ph.D., November 2008, Environmental and Plant Biology Belowground Carbon Processes in Managed Oak-Hickory Forests of Southeastern Ohio (156 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Harvey E. Ballard, Jr. Soil CO2 efflux (soil respiration) is the largest flux of carbon from terrestrial forest ecosystems. Understanding this flux in relation to forest thinning and prescribed burning is necessary for determining the effects of forest management on forest carbon dynamics. Since rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are of global concern, my dissertation focused on providing insight into various aspects of soil respiration as it relates to forest management. Specifically, my research focused on (1) the effects of topographic position, canopy cover, and small-scale treatment on soil respiration (Rs) and soil microclimate; (2) modeling Rs with soil microclimate data and climate data; (3) the effects of large-scale forest thinning and prescribed fire on Rs and soil microclimate; and (4) the relationship between forest management and forest carbon budgets. In studies of topographic position, canopy cover, and small-scale treatments, I discovered that landscape position affected Rs, with greater Rs on upper slopes than lower slopes. Low-intensity prescribed fire affected Rs, whereas high-intensity prescribed fire did not. Modeling of Rs supported the use of soil temperature for predicting Rs, with linear regression of ln (Rs) providing the best fit, as opposed to widely used Arrheniustype nonlinear models. Additionally, I predicted Rs using air temperature and relative humidity data from the local weather station (R = 0.94). Studies of large-scale thinning and burning resulted in reduced Rs up to 3 growing seasons after forest harvesting,


Chapter 1. Introduction.PART I: MARKETING WARS.Chapter 2. Burger Wars: McDonald's vs. Burger King, Yum et al.Chapter 3. Cola Wars: Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo.Chapter 4. Airliner Wars: Boeing vs. Airbus.Chapter 5. Sneaker Wars: Nike vs. Reebok.PART II: MANAGING CHANGE AND CRISES.Chapter 6. Al Dunlap Savages Scott Paper and Sunbeam.Chapter 7. Ford Explorers with Firestone Tires: Ill Handling a Killer Scenario.Chapter 8. Perrier-Overresponding to a Crisis.PART III: COMPETITIVE UNCERTAINTIES.Chapter 9. The Kmart/Sears Merger of Faltering Firms.Chapter 10. Hewlett-Packard Under Carly Fiorina.Chapter 11. Toys "R" Us: Trying to Defend Against Wal-Mart.Chapter 12. Gateway's Efforts to Stay Alive.PART IV: MARKETING MANAGEMENT MISTAKES.Chapter 13. Maytag: An Incredible Sales Promotion in England.Chapter 14. Merck's Vioxx Catastrophe.Chapter 15. Snapple: Quaker's Reckless Acquisition.Chapter 16. Newell Rubbermaid Destroys a Growth Mode.Chapter 17. Euro Disney: Bungling a Successful Format.PART V: NOTABLE MARKETING SUCCESSES.Chapter 18. Harley Davidson - Creating an Enduring Mystique.Chapter 19. Vanguard Mutual Funds-Success in Taking the Road Less Traveled.Chapter 20. Southwest Airlines-"Try to Match Our Prices".Chapter 21. Wal-Mart-The Unstoppable.PART VI: ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVENTURES.Chapter 22. Boston Beer-Is Greater Growth Possible?Chapter 23. Office Max-To the End.Chapter 24. Conclusions: What Can Be Learned?


We improve the upper bound of Levenshtein for the cardinality of a code of length 4 capable of correcting single deletions over an alphabet of even size. We also illustrate that the new upper bound is sharp. Furthermore we will construct an optimal perfect code capable of correcting single deletions for the same parameters.


A prototype divertor armor tile design has been investigated using water-cooled ATJ graphite tiles fitted to a copper heat sink. Two-dimensional steady-state and 1-D time dependent heat transfer codes were developed to determine thermal design characteristics. A steady-state heat flux of 5 MW/m/sup 2/ and a transient disruption load of 140 MJ/m/sup 2/ over 100 /spl mu/s were assumed for an ITER-type device operating in a radiative divertor configuration. For a tile fitted to the heat sink by a bonded-pin mechanism, the optimal armor thickness was determined to be 1.0 cm, with a 2.2 cm diameter coolant channel. The maximum steady state and disruption temperatures of the tile were determined to be 1760 K and 4800 K, respectively. LOCA analysis yielded that a 7 second response time would be needed after loss-of-coolant in the armor tile. The design is predicted to survive approximately 6 disruptions before tile replacement would be necessary.


The simulation of ultrashort two-dimensional double gate metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors and similar semiconductor devices through a deterministic mesoscopic, hence accurate, model can be very useful for the industry: It can provide reference results for macroscopic solvers and properly describe weakly charged zones of the device. For the scope of this work, we use a Boltzmann–Schrödinger–Poisson model. Its drawback is being particularly costly from the computational point of view, and a purely sequential code may take weeks to simulate high voltages. In this article, we develop a hybrid parallel solver for a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based platform. In order to accelerate the simulations, the Boltzmann transport equations are solved on GPU using the CUDA programing model, while the Schrödinger–Poisson block is performed on multicore CPUs using OpenMP. We have adapted the costliest computing phases to the GPU in an efficient manner, achieving high performance and drastically reducing the simulation time. We give details about the parallel-design strategy and show the performance results.


Stromal cell tumors occur infrequently in children. They are rarely found in the anus. To our knowledge, they have never been reported in the rectum. We report a three year old child with a rectal stromal cell tumor. The patient presented with constipation, encopresis, abdominal distension, rectal bleeding, and urinary frequency. Although symptoms of encopresis are commonly encountered in children, this rare case report highlights the importance of a complete physical examination, including rectal examination, in these patients.


: St 37 and St 70 steels are the materials used in the manufacturing of general building materials, which are produced by processing the hot-formed steel further through a cold drawing process. Finite element method helps to simplify the complex engineering problems and to solve them with controllable parts. The roof lattice model simulated in the present study is a 4-surface pyramidal roof which is 4 mm in diameter, 0.5 mm in thickness and it was designed in 3D in Ansys software by using the finite element method. The bottom corner nodes of the roof lattice model were stabilized and the vector stress effects of 65.000 N force was applied in F x , F z directions and 75.000 N force was applied in F y direction on the top node truss axes, 65.000 N.m moment was applied in M x , M z directions and 75.000 N.m moment was applied in My direction on middle truss nodes were investigated. According to the test results in Ansys software, vector stress increase due to both force and moment effect in truss axes of the St 70 lattice roof steel compared to the St 37 steel.


thalassaemia, adds validity to the above suggestion. As shown in the follow-up data this very rapid fall in Hb was essentially limited to the first 2 months of life. Alternatively, the early onset of the disease may have been caused by the exchange transfusion performed at birth for hyperbilirubinaemia of unknown aetiology. Blood regeneration after exchange transfusion occurs at a time when the synthesis of y-chain has declined and the synthesis of f-chain predominates. For this reason the genetic defect of 3-chain synthesis would be expressed clinically earlier than usual. This hypothesis would be correct only if the exchange transfusion had lowered the infant's Hb. However, the low Hb level observed after the exchange transfusion was quickly corrected by transfusion of 400 ml whole blood, which should have raised her Hb to at least 17 g/dl. From a practical point of view this paper demonstrates the use of globin-chain synthesis measurements in the identification of homozygous r-thalassaemia when haematological data are inconclusive. This should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypochromic anaemia developing in the first 2 months of life after exchange transfusion at birth.


Pressure type toilet (10) has a "as needed" trap passage to provide an auxiliary function by siphoning (depending on clot) (18). During normal washing liquid waste or a small amount of bulk waste is not siphon is formed in the trap passage, water and light waste in the bowl is discharged only under the force of the pressurized water jet. Dam and is provided with a large volume region (30) in the vicinity of or immediately downstream of (28), to accommodate the balloon material from a water jet. In the downward leg portions (32) only by the concentration of bulk waste reaches the threshold, the trap passage draws siphon. Horizontal baffle (36) in the bottom of the downward leg portions, to assist the accumulation of sufficient concentration of bulk waste, to establish a siphon in the trap passage.


We propose a multi-strategy genetic algorithm for performing belief revision. The algorithm implements a new evolutionary strategy which is a combination of the theories of Darwin and Lamarck. Therefore, the algorithm not only includes the Darwinian operators of selection, mutation and crossover but also a Lamarckian operator that changes the individuals so that they perform better in solving the given problem. This is achieved through belief revision directed mutations, oriented by tracing logical derivations. The algorithm, with and without the Lamarckian operator, is tested on a number of belief revision problems, and the results show that the addition of the Lamarckian operator improves the eeciency of the algorithm. We believe that the combination of Darwinian and Lamarckian operators will be useful not only for standard belief revision problems but especially for problems where the chromosomes may be exposed to diierent constraints and observations. In these cases, the Lamarckian and Darwinian operators would play a diierent role: the Lamarckian one would be used in order to bring a chromosome closer to a solution or to nd an exact solution of the current belief revision problem, while Darwinian ones will have the aim of preparing chromosomes to deal with new situations by exchanging genes among them.


Nodoushan clay deposit is located about 130km southwest of Yazd city in the Uromieh-Dokhtar volcano-plutonic belt. Based on the field, mineralogical and geochemical studies, the rocks of Nodoushan area are of volcanic type and are composed of dacite, andesite and olivine-basalt, the pyroclastic type (crystalline tuff), and the microgranodioritic intrusive rocks. According to Zr/TiO2 versus SiO2 and Nb/Y versus Zr/TiO2 diagrams and field evidences, the mother rock of the deposit has dacite origin. The clay samples clearly indicate depletion of CaO, MgO, MnO and Na2O with respect to the original rock. The lack of high-temperature minerals such as pyrophyllite, dickite and, the presence of quartz, K-feldspar, kaolinite, halloysite and illite minerals in Nodoushan deposit indicate the alteration zone to be of intermediate argillic type. In this deposit, the average of Cr and Nb is 11.26ppm, which is less than the amount given for supergene deposits. High concentration of Sr + Ba (1341.33ppm) is due to the effect of hydrothermally processes. By referring to mineralogy, geochemistry as well as a model given by researchers, hydrothermal origin can be confirmed for Nodoushan clay deposit with some extent of weathering effect.


Drought restricts plant growth and productivity. Silicon has beneficial effects on imparting drought tolerance in plants. Present work was intended to evaluate the effect of Si on polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) induced osmotic stress in local landraces of finger millet. The seeds of stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive landraces of finger millet were treated with distilled water, 15% PEG, and PEG+Si (5-25 ppm). The ameliorative effect of Si was evaluated in terms of percentage seed germination, seedling growth, accumulation of osmolyte and activity of antioxidative enzymes. PEG-induced osmotic stress reduced seed germination, seedling growth, and augmented osmolyte accumulation. It also elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The exogenous supplementation of silicon significantly improved seed germination as well as early seeding growth. Positive effects of Si were reflected in decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and improved glycine betaine content and antioxidant enzymes in PEG-induced stress tolerant as well as susceptible landraces. The Si-induced ameliorated effects on all the parameters studied were more pronounced in the stress-tolerant landrace (FM/ST/01) than the stress-sensitive landrace (FM/RT/01). These results clearly indicate advantageous effects of Si in relieving PEG-induced stress during seed germination and early seeding growth and suggest a possibility of better stand establishment by application of silicon containing fertilizer during seed sowing.


This research is a library research, examining books and journals of theories of educational values related to the events of nuzulul Qur'an. This study aims to analyze how educational values can be learned from the events of nuzulul Qur'an. There are many events that have educational values on this earth, that educational values can be interpreted from various perspectives according to the perspective of each individual. In this discussion, the researcher explores one of the important events in Islam about the events of the revelation of the Qur'an and the educational values that are tucked in it. Starting from the phenomenon of limited access to education and blind imitation of ancestral customs, the Qur'an is coming to bring the values of wisdom, namely the stages in establishing laws from rule to rule, from one condition to another, and from one character to another character. The viewpoint of this research method presented by descriptive qualitative data, this method describe, explain and interpret what the object is. The data collection according to some theories on the educational values and nuzulul qur'ans event. Based on the findings, there are three educational values emerge from nuzulul Qur'ans event: the education of faith, the gradualness of education, the renewal of education.


Based on comparison with results from special experiments, an evaluation has been performed of the method of Levinsky, Thommen, Yager and Holland, which is intended to calcxilate the spanwise lift distribution on wings immersed in propulsive jets. Various modifications of the original method have been investigated. It was found that the method, gives satisfactory results for an unflapped wing. However, even at a relatively small flap deflection the jet induced effects are underrated rather strongly. The discrepancies can be reduced somewhat by adopting an improved wing model.
It is concluded, however, that this approach has a fundamental shortage, which must be imputed to the rigid jet model, so that bsisical features of the wing-jet interaction, like jet mixing and deformation, can not be accounted for.


ABSTRACT The literatures on electoral manipulation and rejected ballots have yet to engage one another in a compelling manner. This article provides the theoretical foundations for rejected ballots as electoral manipulation by exploring incidents of suspicious rejected ballot rates and practices around the world with a special focus on Zambia. Not only did the rate of rejected ballots in Zambia double between the 2015 and 2016 presidential elections, but a disproportionate increase was observed in president's home province. Leveraging an original dataset, the article models a largely unnoticed form of electoral manipulation: the strategic rejection of opposition ballots by biased polling officials. Analysis reveals that more rejected ballots were associated with increased vote shares for the ruling party in the president's home province, indicating probable electoral manipulation. Raising awareness around this difficult to detect, but likely pervasive, form of manipulation should help to improve electoral quality in hybrid regimes.


The dependence of reactivity towards hydrogen on size and morphology was studied for silver oxide Ag2O microparticles. Morphological tuning of the microparticles, which appeared in a size range from 340 to 1400 nm, was achieved in a wet‐chemical synthesis approach. Thermogravimetric measurements allowed the determination of onset temperatures and reaction rates for reduction with gaseous hydrogen as reducing agent. The results reveal the high complexity of the Ag2O reduction process, on which both the surface to volume ratio as well as the facet dependent activity of the morphologies have great influence. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to study reduction by hydrogen, desorbing from a hydrogen‐loaded palladium foil, showing great effect of contact area size on the reactivity.


Late renal cell carcinoma recurrence in the renal fossa is a rare event. This condition occurs in 1 to 2% of radical nephrectomies. We reported a late recurrence at the renal fossa about four and half years after radical nephrectomy due to a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) without metastasis elsewhere. Diagnosis in an outpatient follow-up was made during an abdominal computed tomography and we observed a retroperitoneal mass in the renal fossa. The excision at the recurrence area was made through a subcostal transversal incision without any difficulty. After 6 months from this second procedure, there was no evidence of recurrence. The surgical aggressive treatment for late retroperitoneal RCC recurrence is a good method in this rare situation. Abdominal computed tomography must be done during long periods of follow-up for patients with radical nephrectomy for RCC to search for late retroperitoneal recurrences.


Objective To explore the levels of certain vitamins and trace elements in infants with pneumonia.Methods Serum levels of zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron,vitamin A and vitamin D were detected with HPLC in 120 infants with pneumonia(group A) and 60 healthy controls(group B).Results The deficiency rates of iron,zinc and vitamin A were significantly higher in group A than those in group B(P0.05).Serum levels of calcium,magnesium and vitamin D were not significantly different between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The deficiency of zinc,iron and vitamin A is common in infants with pneumonia,which may play a role in regulating and meadiating immune function.


The interface of ligaments, tendons, and bones are susceptible to damage, often fail to heal themselves, and even cannot achieve a good prognosis after surgery. Interface tissue engineering is a comprehensive strategy to functionally connect soft and hard tissues to regenerate original anatomical functions and structures, thereby improving clinical efficacy. In this paper, the interface tissue engineering and composite tissue regeneration in soft tissue healing were systematically reviewed. The recent advances in interface engineering were summarized, based on the treatment of structural damage from two common soft tissue-bone connections (ligamentous bone connections, tendon bone connections), from the development of single tissue to composite tissue structures. The latest interface tissue engineering innovation structure design and potential clinical applications in recent years were reviewed. For future research, in-depth research on the mechanisms of interface development, regeneration, and internal environment balance, structure-function relationships, and biological processes that drive interface development, regeneration, and internal environment balance are still necessary. The innovative studies on interface tissue engineering have promoted the significance of the integration of tissue engineering and clinical, and the construction of complex tissues, so that it has broader significance for the future regeneration of total joints.

Key words:
Biomaterial; Tendon; Ligament; Tissue engineering; Soft and hard tissue repair


The article analyses two provisions of the Law on Measures and Actions in the State of Emergency, declared with the decision of the National Assembly of 13th March 2020, providing for suspension and extension of time periods provided in the legislation. The analysis is focused on examples based on the review of the labour legislation. The issue of suspended court proceedings on some labour disputes – until the end of the state of emergency – is also discussed.


We describe a method for synthesizing joint angle and translation data based on the information in motion capture data. The synthetic data is realistic not only in that it resembles the original training data, but in that it has random variations that are statistically similar to what one would find in repeated measurements of the motion. To achieve this result, the training data is broken into frequency bands using a wavelet decomposition, and the information in these bands is used to create the synthetic data one frequency band at a time. The method takes into account the fact that there are correlations among numerous features of the data. For example, a point characterized by a particular time and frequency band will depend upon points close to it in time in other frequency bands. Such correlations are modeled with a kernel-based representation of the joint probability distributions of the features. The data is synthesized by sampling from these densities and improving the results using a new iterative maximization technique. We have applied this technique to the synthesis of joint angle and translation data of a wallaby hopping on a treadmill. The synthetic data was used to animate characters that have limbs proportional to the wallaby.


"How reconcile this world of fact with the bright world of my imagining. My darkness has been filled with the light of intelligence, and behold, the outer world was stumbling and groping in social blindness." —Helen Keller


Personal collections of documents related to the performances of SukhovoKobylin's and Bulgakov's own plays have never been compared. Bulgakov practically never mentions Sukhovo-Kobylin in his texts. However, the "meeting" of the two playwrights took place in the space of the theatrical album. Unlike the literary album that has been studied many times, there are no special studies about the typology of the theatrical album and its cultural semantics. The textological study of album "autocollections" as drama companions contributes to the acquisition of semantic "keys" not only to certain texts, but also to those meta-links that they form as well as to the compilation of mobile text transcriptions. The album laboratories of the two playwrights make this similarity clear. The theatrical albums by Sukhovo-Kobylin (a blue blotter with envelopes of versions of plays that are part of the "Pictures of the Past" trilogy, held in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts) and Bulgakov (eight albums in the Handwritten Section of the IRLI) reveal two layers. One is an "encyclopedia" of theatrical history of plays, posters, reviews, accompanied by the author's notes, and a detailed "dossier of censorship ordeals". The other layer is newspaper clippings with author's marginalities, marks that simulate a vocabulary universe and the library of plots reflecting newspaper reality and later turned into works. Thus, it is known that Sukhovo-Kobylin was one of the characters in V. Chernoyarov's feuilleton "The National Team", published in the magazine "Novyy Zritel" in 1926 and pasted into Bulgakov's album related to the play The Days of the Turbins at the Moscow Art Theater in 1926. The specified album is an auto-documentary source of Theatrical Novel. The metamorphoses of the texts in the album, accompanied by the author's notes, marginalities, typologically bring together the theatrical albums of Sukhovo-Kobylin and Bulgakov. They are related semiotically and visually to the scenario of a conventional play, the director's staged copy, or the exhibition plan of the exposition. The playwrights quite obviously collect the dossier, the "data bank", fixing the junctions, the path from the manuscript to the publication and the scene (especially in Bulgakov's case), as if they were making up a biography of their own text. Bulgakov appreciates the author's recipes and technical guidelines for making an author, formulated in feuilletons of the 1920s. By coincidence, Sukhovo-Kobylin got into this feuilleton environment.


Victorian and Edwardian coaches and athletes often referred to their training regimes as 'scientific.' However, the impact of experimental science on coaching programmes was minimal, and coaching was considered an art as much as a science. Coaching operated as a trade or a craft with the typical coach relying on traditional practices, experience, intuition, and the ability to innovate. In particular, experiential learning taught these craft coaches much about psychological issues. During the early twentieth century, however, American academics began to explore sport as a site for psychological experimentation. Many psychologists promoted their work strenuously, and by 1921 had created a professional organization, professional journals, research laboratories and university courses. Stimulated by work in Eastern Europe, sport psychology gradually became a disciplinary subculture and similar structural controls were established to enable sports psychologists to become the gatekeepers of their specialist and increasingly esoteric knowledge. This paper utilizes a historical approach to explore, firstly, what coaches traditionally learnt about psychological issues. It then briefly considers both the process by which sports psychology was institutionalizsed, and how this professionalization of sports psychology led inexorably to the exclusion of craft coaches from the knowledge transfer process.


This paper uses accelerometer data from California horn sharks obtained from the Shark Lab at California State University, Long Beach, (CSULB) to build a behavior classifier using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN). By transforming time series data into frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we aim to improve the accuracy of classification for our four different behaviors: feeding, swimming, resting, and nondeterministic motion (NDM). We process 2, 5, and 10 seconds snapshots of the data in the time and frequency domains, which are fed into the neural networks toolbox to train the classifiers. It is observed that the performance of both models is drastically improved when the frequency domain data is applied in the deep neural network.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a non-reversible disorder characterized primarily by a dominant emphysema or bronchitis. Since early treatments can help to control the symptoms, the quantification of emphysema has become an important topic. Here, we introduce a novel procedure to quantify emphysematous lesions using an ensemble of features based on log-Gabor filters, mean difference technique, and intensity values. This set captures both spatial and frequency variations and provides a suitable description of lung tissue. Leave-patient-out cross-validation was employed on the computed tomography emphysema database to validate our proposal. The sensitivity and specificity achieved were 91.22% and 95.48%, respectively. Such results have demonstrated that the proposed methodology could assist in quantification of emphysema.


This paper examines the impact of external financial support on the behavior of colleges and universities. We present a simultaneous equations model in which changes over time in tuition and fee charges, institution-specific scholarship aid, and instructional expenditures are expressed as a function of changes over time in levels of federal student aid, federal grants and contracts, state support, and other variables. Variations in external funding are found to have significant effects on institutional behavior, which differ among private four-year, public fouryear and public two-year institutions. 1 The aim of this paper is to improve our understanding of the effects of external government financing on the behavior of colleges and universities, focusing on their tuition and fee charges, institution-specific scholarship aid, and instructional spending. The paper is organized as follows. After a brief discussion of some relevant literature in Section I, we turn in Section II to a description of our data set -a panel of individual college and university financial data for the period 1978-79 to 1985-86. Section III presents an econometric model of college and university finance and Section IV analyzes the empirical findings that result. Section V concludes. I. Relation to literature The research reported here fits into the growing but still quite limited empirical literature on the behavior of governmental and not-for-profit institutions. This important subject has recently started receiving considerable systematic attention from economists, legal theorists and other social scientists.2 2 Within higher education, empirical work on institutional behavior has been surprisingly rare. Papers by James (1978) and by Hoenack and Pierro (1986) develop models of the behavioral response of institutional resource allocation to changes in external constraints. The piece by Hoenack and Pierro includes some empirical estimation of the influence of state legislative appropriations on the behavior of a public institution. To our knowledge, no systematic empirical work has been done on the implications of other forms of government spending on institutional behavior. Several studies of student aid do, however, note the potential importance of these issues (Hearn and Wilford (1985) and Finn (1978)). Empirical studies parallel to this study have been performed for policy areas other than higher education, and they have instructive findings. An interesting example is the work on measuring the effect of state and federal grants on the spending patterns of local school districts. 1 The academic year 1985-86 is the latest for which national data are available. 2 See the useful collection of articles assembled in Rose-Ackerman (1986). 2 Not surprisingly, the results indicate that responses depend on the type of subsidy and the manner in which it is distributed (examples include Tsang and Levin (1983) and Craig and Inman (1982)). Feidstein (1978) examined the effects of federal Title 1 aid on local district spending. The major question was whether local governments spent all of their Title 1 grants on additional educational expenditures (as required under the terms of the program) or whether, instead, some of the federal money was used to replace state and local money or even to provide tax relief. While this question relates to elementary and secondary schooling rather than post-secondary education, the analogous issue in higher education is whether federal funds targeted at lowincome groups replace institutional support. Feldstein's regression results indicated that an extra dollar of Title 1 funding augmented total educational spending by 72 cents.3 Craig and Inman (1982) examine the effects of different types of federal aid on the educational spending of state and local governments. Their results indicate that different types of aid are in fact allocated differently. A dollar of federal aid that is given to local governments but administered through the state ultimately increases local spending by 87 cents. On the other hand, a dollar of federal aid that goes directly to the local government appears to have a zero or even negative impact on total spending on education, indicating substantial substitutability between federal and local educational expenditures. The relevant literature is not limited to studies of education. Some of the work on the effects of government subsidies on demand and supply in housing (for example, Barnett and Lowry (1979) and health markets (for example, Sloan, Cromwell, and Mitchell (1978)) is germane. In each case, response functions are estimated which seek to ascertain the effects of different forms of government expenditures. In sum, while relatively little work has sought to address the response of higher education institutions to changes in external funding, there are a variety of studies that provide a 3See Craig and Inman (1982), Tsang and Levin (1983) and Gurwitz (1980) for discussion of this work. methodological basis for our work, and which lead us to believe meaningful empirical estimates


Although Denmark has no nuclear power reactors, research related to nuclear energy has been performed at RISO National Laboratory for more than 30 yr. The waste management plant at RISO and the associated storage facilities function as the national center for radioactive waste management in Denmark. No disposal of radioactive waste, however, has so far been carried out. Two-thirds of the collected and processed waste comes from the RISO laboratory itself, which is home to the heavy-water-moderated research reactor, DR3. Most of the long-lived radioisotopes in the stored waste are due to postirradiation studies of spent fuel performed in the now decommissioned hot cells. This report describes the bituminized waste characterization.


Water production from oil or gas wells can have significant economic drawbacks, such as reduced well productivity, increased operating expenditures, and damaged well production. Controlling and eliminating unwanted water influx is a major concern. This paper describes an organically modified silica material used with a crosslinker to completely seal water-producing zones and control gelation time, allowing the system to remain pumpable over predictable time periods. To control water production from subterranean formations, operators often block formation pores or channels using polymer or resin materials. In-situ gelation of polymers inside the formation is widely accepted. Polyacrylamide-based gels are commonly used for this type of application. Unfortunately, these gels do not meet all environmental regulations in certain parts of the world. This paper presents an alternative organically modified silica material combined with a crosslinker to help control water production and eliminate issues of cost and environmental acceptance. Laboratory testing demonstrated that silica-based materials help seal formation permeability. This was further verified by changing initial permeability of a sandpack from 2 darcies to 30 millidarcies (md). Reduced initial permeability helped prove system efficiency in terms of sealing the sandpack. Incorporation of silica into the crosslinked network helped improve thermal stability. This was further confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating the crosslinked network was stable at temperatures up to 572°F. Introduction Unwanted water production generally occurs when hydrocarbons are produced from wells, particularly as the wells mature over time. Currently, global daily water production from oil wells is approximately four to five times higher than global oil production. It costs money to lift water and then dispose of it (Shafian et al. 2010). For example, in a well producing oil with 80% water cut, the cost of handling water is double the normal lifting costs. Excessive water production can be caused by a variety of occurrences, such as water coning, water cresting, bottom water, channeling at the wellbore, etc. This excessive water production largely affects the economic life of producing wells and is also responsible for many oilfield-related damage mechanisms, such as scale deposition, fines migration, corrosion, etc. This also leads to increased operating costs to separate, treat, and dispose of the produced water according to environmental regulations (Crespo et al. 2013). Throughout the years, the industry has developed different techniques to control water production, these include mechanical isolation, squeeze cementing, and various chemical treatments. Some techniques involve the injection of particulates, foams, gels, sealants, and resin systems. These techniques are commonly referred to as conformance-control techniques (Mack et al. 1994). The general approach of any chemical-treatment technique has been to inject a mixture of reagents, initially low in viscosity, into high-permeability, water-producing zones. After sufficient time and at elevated temperatures, the mixture of reagents forms a barrier that partially blocks the flow of water. In chemical treatment techniques, polymer based gels have been widely used as conformance-control materials since the 1960s. These types of gel treatments are one of the most aggressive types of conformance control methods. They are more aggressive because they can completely block certain porous features associated with the porous media (Huh et al. 2009). In addition, to design effective gel treatments, several reservoir parameters must be considered, which would include but are not be restricted to, pore size distribution, oil viscosity, source of the water problem, permeability trends, fracture orientation, and all production, completion, and log data for the wells in the field. Treatments for water shutoff can be very effective technically and economically if the product exhibits appropriate characteristics relative to the deficiencies of the well. Thus, there is a need for an efficient conformance system, which is inexpensive and environmentally acceptable (Boye et al. 2011). This paper presents a novel organic-inorganic hybrid polymeric composition that could be used for shut-off applications by following usual mixing and pumping protocols (Boul et al. 2015). This paper also presents test results evolved from laboratory experiments evidencing the uses of the presented composition for conformance. Advantageously, thermal degradation of this hybrid polymer was determined to occur at a significantly higher temperature compared to conventional thermosetting conformance polymers. AADE-16-FTCE-42 Aqueous Based Tunable System for Shut-Off and Consolidation Applications Rajender Salla, Shoy George C, and Prajakta Patil, Halliburton 2 Rajender Salla, Shoy George C, and Prajakta Patil AADE-16-FTCE-42 Description of the System The new conformance sealant is a two-component system consisting of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer and a crosslinker. This formulation can be placed as a single, lowviscosity solution (<5 cp) into the water-bearing zones of the formation around the wellbore, where it is allowed to propagate through the rock matrix. The initial low viscosity of the system allows for low injection pressures. The gelation process is activated by the formation temperature. In-situ gelation takes place and the gel plugs pore spaces and channels, thereby limiting undesired water and gas production. The system can effectively prevent water and gas flow in sandstone and carbonate formations up to 200oF. The gelation time can be controlled by adjusting the amount of delaying agent added to the liquid system. It gives a predictable and controllable pumping time, ranging from a few minutes to several hours at a given temperature. The set gel appears as a crystalline solid. It could remain homogenous and stay in place under confined conditions, such as fractures and pore spaces. Variations to the formulations can be made for different applications. Methods and Procedures Performance of the proposed system was evaluated using the following test methods: A) Gelation time B) Permeability measurements C) TGA Gelation Time by Sealed Tube Method Gelation time is one of the most important factors that define the amount of time available to the operator in field operations. A reasonable gelation time must be known to ensure that the treating pressures while pumping the gel into the near-wellbore region (NWB) can be maintained below the maximum pressure as determined by the operator. Static gelation tests were conducted using the sealed tube method in the presence of respective delaying components to help prevent premature gelation. A borosilicate glass bottle with a cap was filled with the proposed composition and a delaying agent to approximately 1/3 of its volume. A Teflon ® plug was also used inside the cap. The bottles were placed in a preheated oven set at the test temperature of 200°F and removed for observation periodically. This method defines the gelation time as the time necessary for a system to reach specified gel strength and relies on visual evaluation. Permeability Measurements Permeability measurements were performed by using a sandpack comprised of 50% silica flour and 50% of 20/40mesh sand. They were mixed thoroughly to help ensure proper distribution of particulates. This sandpack represents the formation with heterogeneity in terms of packing. The sand mixture was then loaded into a brass cell as per the following procedure: 1. Insert 300 and 40-mesh screens at the bottom of the brass cell before packing. 2. Weigh 10 g of 20/40–mesh sand and place it on the screen. Using a large packing rod, tap the sand layer and make it flat. 3. Above the sand layer, add the mixture of sand (50 g silica flour + 50 g 20/40-mesh sand), which is premixed thoroughly. Keep tapping intermittently after every addition of the mixture so that the pack will be uniformly tightened. 4. Weigh 10 g of 20/40-mesh sand and place it on the top of the sandpack mixture. Tap the layer of sand until it becomes flat. 5. Place 300 and 40-mesh screens on top of the 20/40 and install the cell end and nut. Figs. 1 through 3 show the schematic representation of the sandpack and flow apparatus. Fig. 1—Sandpack assembly used for testing. Fig. 2—Schematic representation of sandpack. AADE-16-FTCE-42 Aqueous Based Tunable System for Shut-Off and Consolidation Applications 3 Fig. 3—Schematic representation of the flow setup used for testing. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Testing UCS testing helps predict the strength of the sandpack after treatment with a newly introduced system. The UCS of the pack was measured using the standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil, (ASTM D2166/D2166M (2013). The procedure followed is also presented next: 1. Once initial brine permeability measurement and pumping of treatment are complete, remove the brass cell from the flow apparatus. Close both ends of the cell and kept it inside the oven for the necessary curing time. After a predetermined curing time, remove the consolidated sandpack using a press machine with the utmost care to help ensure the sandpack is not damaged. 2. The consolidated sandpack was cut into two sections, noting the core sections as the top and bottom. Each core section should have specific diameter to height ratio of 1:2. 3. Each section of the sandpack was evaluated by UCS for consolidation strength. UCS measurements were taken using electromechanical compression systems of appropriate loading capacity. TGA The thermal degradation of the current polymer composition was measured using TGA. TGA was performed using a TGA Q500 ® Analyzer from TA Instruments. Results and Discussion Evaluation of Gelation Time Fig. 4 describes the gelation time under different pH condit


A slurry sampling ETAAS method for the determination of Al, Ca, Cd, Co,
Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si and Zn in powdered boron nitride is
described. The main aspects in the development of the method included
preparation of slurry samples, pyrolysis and atomization parameters,
minimization of the matrix effect by chemical modification and
calibration. The accuracy was checked by comparison of the results with
those obtained by analysis of sample digests by AAS and ICP-AES. The LODs
achieved were of the order of 2 (Cd) and 400 (Si) ng
g
 -1
.


Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infect more than half of the world population, making it one of the most prevalent infections. H. pylori is now accepted as the most common cause of histologic gastritis and is responsible for the majority of cases of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Approximately 1 in 6 (17%) persons with H. pylori infection will develop peptic ulcer disease, and each year 1% to 2% of these will experience a major or life-threatening complication, and this basically occurs due to short gastric residence time of antimicrobial agents, keeping that in mind mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared to increase gastric residence time using solvent evaporation method. The (mucoadhesive) sustained release of amoxicillin trihydrate is desired because of its short biological half-life. Predominantly to treat H. pylori infections, the mucoadhesive is desired to be confined to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Amoxicillin trihydrate mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared using Eudragit RS100 as matrix and HPMC K4M as mucoadhesive polymer for the potential use of treating gastric and duodenal ulcers, which were associated with H.pylori. The morphological characteristics of the mucoadhesive microspheres were studied under scanning electron microscope. The percentage yield of microspheres of all formulation was in the range of 78.90% to 90.95%. The drug content determination showed that even if the polymer composition was changed the solvent evaporation process was highly efficient to give microspheres having maximum drug loading. In termination, the prolonged gastrointestinal residence time and enhanced amoxicillin trihydrate stability resulting from the mucoadhesive microspheres of amoxicillin trihydrate might make contribution to H. pylori clearance.


The utility model discloses a mosquito-repelling lamp comprising a socket and a lighting tube disposed on the socket, wherein the lighting tube is a mosquito-repelling lighting tube, the external of the lighting tube is covered with a transparent outer cover which is connected with the socket by a tray, and the inner wall of the lighting tube is pasted with a fluorescent powder layer with luminous spectrum of 530nm-630nm. The mosquito-repelling lamp of the utility model can be utilized safe and reliable result from the advantages that the mosquito-repelling lamp is harmless and innocuous and non-radiative, and can not decay and pollute the environment. The transparent outer cover covered on the mosquito-repelling lamp is capable of preventing the lighting tube in max limit, and thereby the service life can be increased.


This is an area where radiology plays an important role in assisting with the diagnosis, determining the size of the lesion and the relationship to adjacent structure. Cysts occur more commonly in the jaws than in any other bone. Definition: A cyst is an epithelial lined, pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contents: and surrounded by connective tissue.


The article dwells upon contemporary issues in the field of legal regulation of e-commerce services. It is noted that the adoption of model laws and conventions in the field of e-commerce by various states contributed to the creation of a single legal space of cross-border e-commerce. But despite the current progress in the development of legislation regulating electronic transactions, there are a number of problematic issues in this area.


. The readers are presented with a review of the collective monograph "Modern Germanic Philology and Western-European Literature", created due to the initiative of the Learned Council D 212.163.01 of Nizhniy Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N.A. Dobrolubov. The review underlines the diversity of the covered topics, which includes research results, carried by scholars from different Russian higher educational institutions, devoted to theoretical aspects of Germanic studies and western-European literature.


Key Points IL-2 and IL-7 induce S6Kstrong and S6Kweak signals, leading to forming TE and TM cells. IL-7–stimulated S6Kweak signaling controls T cell memory via FOXO1 and AMPK pathways. CD8+ memory T (TM) cells play a critical role in immune defense against infection. Two common γ-chain family cytokines, IL-2 and IL-7, although triggering the same mTORC1–S6K pathway, distinctly induce effector T (TE) cells and TM cells, respectively, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. In this study, we generated IL-7R-/and AMPKα1-knockout (KO)/OTI mice. By using genetic and pharmaceutical tools, we demonstrate that IL-7 deficiency represses expression of FOXO1, TCF1, p-AMPKα1 (T172), and p-ULK1 (S555) and abolishes T cell memory differentiation in IL-7R KO T cells after Listeria monocytogenesis rLmOVA infection. IL-2– and IL-7–stimulated strong and weak S6K (IL-2/S6Kstrong and IL-7/S6Kweak) signals control short-lived IL-7R−CD62L−KLRG1+ TE and long-term IL-7R+CD62L+KLRG1− TM cell formations, respectively. To assess underlying molecular pathway(s), we performed flow cytometry, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and Seahorse assay analyses by using the IL-7/S6Kweak–stimulated TM (IL-7/TM) and the control IL-2/S6Kstrong–stimulated TE (IL-2/TE) cells. We determine that the IL-7/S6Kweak signal activates transcriptional FOXO1, TCF1, and Id3 and metabolic p-AMPKα1, p-ULK1, and ATG7 molecules in IL-7/TM cells. IL-7/TM cells upregulate IL-7R and CD62L, promote mitochondria biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation metabolism, and show long-term cell survival and functional recall responses. Interestingly, AMPKα1 deficiency abolishes the AMPKα1 but maintains the FOXO1 pathway and induces a metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis in AMPKα1 KO IL-7/TM cells, leading to loss of cell survival and recall responses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-7–stimulated weak strength of mTORC1–S6K signaling controls T cell memory via activation of transcriptional FOXO1–TCF1–Id3 and metabolic AMPKα1–ULK1–ATG7 pathways. This (to our knowledge) novel finding provides a new mechanism for a distinct IL-2/IL-7 stimulation model in T cell memory and greatly impacts vaccine development.


Among the challenges to ion cyclotron range of frequency heating and current drive (ICRF) utilization, impurity contamination with antenna operation remains a major challenge particularly in devices with metallic plasma facing components. Here, we report on an experimental investigation to test whether a field aligned FA antenna can reduce the negative impact RF antenna operation has on the plasma, particularly impurity contamination and SOL modification. We also compare the characteristics of the FA antenna with a conventional ICRF antenna in terms of coupling, load tolerance, heat load to the antenna, and the effects of low Z seeding on antenna performance. The FA antenna is a 4-strap ICRF antenna where the current straps and antenna box structure are perpendicular to the magnetic field. The Faraday screen is parallel to the total magnetic field. Alignment to the total magnetic field allows integrated E|| (electric field along a magnetic field line) to be minimized through symmetry. This was verified numerically using finite element method and a cold plasma model. The impurity source measured at the FA antenna is lower when FA antenna is powered than when the conventional antennas are powered. The impurity contamination associated with antenna operation is lower for the FA-antenna and the radiated power in L-mode is 400-600 kW lower for 2.5 MW injected ICRF power compared to our conventional ICRF antennas. The FA antenna coupling is less sensitive to plasma conditions and is also more load tolerant to variations than our conventional antennas. We observe heat loads to the antenna that are less than 1% of the injected power. This differs from antennas on other devices which may observe up to 10% of the injected power on the antenna structure. While the FA antenna operation aspects have been encouraging, our understanding of the physics behind the improved performance is incomplete. The measured and inferred enhanced plasma potentials appear to be higher for the FA antenna compared to a conventional antenna. This may be a result of 3-D nature of the plasma potential resulting from the application of ICRF. Furthermore, monopole antenna phasing should have lower integrated E|| fields than dipole based that on simulations resulted in higher plasma potentials and had poor heating effectiveness.


Background: Screening for laboratory indicators and modifiable risk factors for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is crucial for early detection and development of novel treatments. This study investigated the possible correlation of serum uric acid to the progression of glycemic status and polyneuropathy in experimentally induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into non-diabetic, diabetic 4-week non-treated, diabetic 8-week non-treated, diabetic 4-week metformin-treated, diabetic 8-week metformin-treated. Rats were evaluated for glycemic state, serum uric acid, lipid profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Hot plate test, sciatic nerve conduction speed, and sciatic nerve histopathological changes were assessed. Results: Four weeks after high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) injection, rats showed significant elevation in blood glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR, uric acid, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-6, thermal hyperalgesia and significant reduction of nerve conduction speed and total antioxidant capacity associated with significant changes in lipid profile and histopathological structure of sciatic nerve. These changes were more prominent after 8 weeks of STZ injection than in 4-week diabetic-non-treated group. Metformin treatment significantly improved all parameters, meanwhile the improvement was more prominent in 8-week than 4-week group. Conclusion: Serum uric acid can be taken as a useful biological marker for assessment of progression of diabetic status and polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes.


In this paper, the CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) technology and Vertical Roller Mill Device (VRMD) are described. The equivalent stress and overall displacement nephogram were obtained by the co-simulation analysis of VRMD with three software Pro/E, ADMAS and ANSYS. It is verified whether the force of VRMD meet the design requirements. The co-simulation method provides a reliable basis for VRMD design.


Leadershipstyles such as theleader's ability to influence the members of an organization. The style will depend on the adoption of the personality of the manager and can be charismatic, transactional, transformational and authentic, while the teaching performance is conceived as the professional capacity of a university teacher who performs his function showing suitability, interpersonal relationships, technological mastery and training in ethical values. The focus of the research was qualitative, type grounded theory, being the sample 10 teachers with the aim of analyzing the Perception of leadership styles and teaching performance at a University of Lima 2019, the instrument an unstructured, open questionnaire. Among the main results is evidenced the thematic axis varied leadership style assumed by academic managers, the trend being the transformational style and in the thematic axis teaching performance is evidenced little university accompaniment by managers with regard to professional responsibility, interpersonal relationships, technological mastery and training in values; however, teachers perform their mandated functions. The conclusion was that the perception of leadership styles is varied, but the trend is contextualized in an academic manager of transformational style, in connection with a teaching performance little motivated but that presents a tendency to fulfill his professional responsibility, interpersonal relations, technological mastery and training in ethical values.


The main focus of this working group was to investigate the different issues associated with the development of quantitative tools to estimate parton distribution functions uncertainties. In the conclusion, we introduce a "Manifesto" that describes an optimal method for reporting data.


Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro preliminary phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Corchorus olitorius L. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity method. Methods: Fresh jute leaves (immature, mature and senescence) were collected, air dried and the crude powder was prepared for phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. The powder was mixed with 70% methanol and the supernatant was separated. The antioxidant activity of this methanolic extract was measured on the basis of the scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical with slight modifications. Phytochemical analysis was performed according to standard laboratory protocol. Results: The results indicated the presence of different phytochemicals viz. glycosides, steroids, cholesterol, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, riboflavin, saponins and terpenoids. The sample also showed antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH radical. The significant antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of might be due to the presence of saponins, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids found in the preliminary phytochemical analysis. Conclusion: Present study reveals that the jute leaf possesses different phytonutrients and exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity, and therefore, may be used for therapeutic purposes.


Background: Siblings of chronically ill and/ or disabled children may have an increased risk of developing behavioural problems; this is particularly true for siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Methods: Distress (LARES sibling questionnaire) and quality of life (QoL; KIDSCREEN) of 5 siblings of children with ASD were examined using self- and external assessment (parents). Guideline-based interviews were conducted with the siblings and their parents and analysed using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring.

Results: The siblings were between 12 and 15 years old. Both siblings and parents described in total low to medium distress (LARES). Distress resulted from sibling relationship, school competence, disease knowledge and social integration. QoL described by the children resembled the normative sample; parents described a decreased QoL in the subscales body (M = 63.75, SD = 28.09), self-esteem (M = 63.75, SD = 11.18) and family (M = 67.05, SD = 02.12) - these results differ from the normative sample. Interviews revealed that healthy children have to take responsibility for their siblings with ASD. Parents assume that the healthy children hardly suffer from the ASD of the sibling, but their children were "annoyed" by ASD-associated behaviour and partly feel "treated unfairly". The healthy children wish that their sibling no longer suffer from ASD or that their sibling would behave "normally".

Conclusion: Siblings of children with ASD are not restricted in their QoL, contrary to the parents' ratings, but they feel stressed by ASD-associated behaviour and the transferred responsibilities.


The series analysis of the low temperature expansion of the checkerboard q-state Potts model in a magnetic field initiated in two previous papers is continued. In particular algebraic varieties of the parameter space (corresponding or generalizing the so-called disorder solutions), the checkerboard Potts model and its Bethe approximation are indistinguishable as far as one is concerned with the partition function and its first order derivatives. The difference between the two models occurs for higher order derivatives. In particular one gives the exact expression of the (low temperature expansion of the) susceptibility of the checkerboard Ising model in zero magnetic field on one of these varieties.


Ab initio electronic structure calculations using a triple-{zeta} plus polarization basis set, second-order perturbation theory, and coupled cluster theory show the dimerization of TiH to be kinetically and thermodynamically very favorable. Six minima have been found on the potential energy surface of Ti{sub 2}H{sub 8}: two with double hydrogen bridges and four with triple hydrogen bridges. This potential energy surface is very flat suggesting rapid interconversion between these isomers is possible. The large thermodynamic driving force for dimerizations (up to -46.1 kcal/mol on the classical surface) is attributed to both electrostatic effects and the electron deficiency of titanium. 28 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.


Cellulose nanocrystals, also known as cellulose whiskers, are the crystalline domains of cellulosic sources. These nanoparticles, when isolated, have been evaluated as reinforcement material in polymeric matrixes due to their potential to improve, among others, the mechanical, optical, and dielectric properties of these matrixes. Recent literature works, involving raw material, isolation process, characterization, and performance of isolated cellulose whiskers, were considered when working out this paper. Tables summarizing the dimensional characteristics with their respective sources, description of isolation processes, hydrolysis conditions, techniques of determination and performance of this material in suspension and in polymeric matrixes are presented. Also contained in this work are challenges to be met in this promising research area, especially with regard to whisker dispersibility, connected with their tendency towards agglomeration, and their compatibility with commercial hydrophobic polymers.


The high cost of construction materials and increased axle loads has motivated researchers to seek alternative cost-effective materials for road construction. Studies on the use of waste thermoplastic polyethylene material to improve bitumen properties have been investigated. However, few studies on the use of thermoset polyethylene (cross-linked polyethylene) to modify bitumen have been carried out. This research investigated the use of waste cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable coating on bitumen properties. An FTIR analysis carried out on waste XLPE cable coating revealed that it is predominantly composed of XLPE material. A comparative study carried out on the bitumen properties revealed that the modifier had a decreasing effect on its penetration and ductility but, had an increasing effect on softening point and specific gravity; Hence, a considerable improvement in the temperature susceptibility and stability of the bitumen. The short-term ageing analysis carried out revealed that the modified bitumen can withstand short-term ageing requirements at 2% and 4% by weight of pure bitumen. FTIR analysis carried out on the pure and modified bitumen revealed that changes observed in bitumen properties with increasing modifier content were a result of physical changes and not chemical changes. A one-way ANOVA carried out on the properties of various bitumen content revealed that the modifier had a significant effect on the properties of pure bitumen with increasing bitumen content. The regression models developed properly described the relationship between the modifier content and the bitumen properties as they expressed very good R2 values.


Ritzer (1975) suggests that biological explanation may emerge as a new paradigm in sociology but incipient work in this area has not had much impact on the discipline. Some forms of biological explanation seem sociologically trivial, but at least three forms of explanation common in the discipline of biology have meaningful homologues in sociology: (1) species-wide human behavior may be explained as the result of biological evolution; (2) behavioral differences between humans, or between groups of humans, may be explained by genetic differences between the individuals or groups; and, (3) social interaction may be explained neurophysiologically in terms of organ systems, nerve impulses, hormones, etc. Each of these forms of biological explanation is meaningful in a sociological context, but each has severe limitations.


This article gives an intrduction to a method of problem recoginition.Through introducing the grey relation analysis in the theory of grey system into problem recognition,and basing on the related level analysis of the main factors variables' time series,the article gives out the deviate degree of the system's aim and condition variables,and makes a correct judgement to the performance condition of the system.


The paper extends the classical Lebesgue differential theorem to the space of homogeneous type,then gives definition of Generalized Morrey space and Generalized Campanato space on the homogenous space.The studies are conducted on exploring the relationship between Generalized Morrey space, space,generalized Campanato space and Hlder space.


With more application field of large size LCD panel in recent years, high voltage LCD driver is focused on, which may need buried layer implantation and EPI process. The old monitoring method in antimony implanting need long period and high cost. In order to find a new process monitor method that fit to mass production, cause analysis is given based on the difference between antimony and other N type dopant process monitoring in this paper. And we advise a improved monitoring method by rapid thermal annealing at low temperature, which give us short test period, high dose sensitivity, good repeatability and feasible to mass production.


The capsulorhexis is perhaps the most important step in phacoemulsification for guaranteeing a good outcome. A well-centered and adequately sized rhexis that overlaps the IOL optic slightly for 360° is the ideal and for the most part, this is easily achieved in routine cases. However, alterations in technique and sizing may be necessary or desirable in difficult and challenging cases such as advanced nuclear sclerosis, pseudoexfoliation, posterior polar cataract, or subluxed lenses.


A mathematical model is proposed to study the behavior of multicomponent gas bubbles in glass melts. The effects of the melt temperature on bubble radius, trajectory, and composition were studied as a function of time, both accounting for and disregarding bubble boundary motion. It is shown that accounting for the boundary motion results in shorter refining times, smaller bubbles, and larger concentrations of the gaseous species than if this motion is disregarded. It is also shown that the bubble trajectory is almost a linear function of time and that mass transfer has a very small effect on bubble trajectory and refining times; however, it has a strong influence on the bubble radius, which, in the absence of mass transfeir, increases linearly with the temperature.


In order to improve the accuracy of computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) based on the GPS, this paper presents a data fusion method. Due to the significant influence of initial value on CIT, a combination of data from ionosonde and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) is adopted. A more precise electron density profile can then be obtained and used for new initial value. Simulation results in this paper show that compared with traditional method, the combination scheme in this paper can obviously improve the accuracy of the ionospheric reconstruction.


Abstract This study examines the role of group composition and information distribution on group process and decision making. Three-person groups performed a decision task that involved solving a murder mystery (Stasser & Stewart, 1992). Groups were composed of (a) three individuals familiar to each other, (b) two familiar individuals and a stranger, or (c) three strangers. Prior to group discussion, evidence bearing on the case was either fully shared (all members possessed identical information) or partially shared (each member possessed several unique clues to which no other member had access). The results indicate that all-stranger groups were most likely to identify the correct suspect when information was fully shared, however, all-familiar and 2 familiar/1 stranger groups were most likely to identify the correct suspect when critical clues remained unshared. Group process analysis reveals that this pattern of results was due to an "aggregation strategy" on the part of strangers and an "information pooling strategy" on the part of groups composed of familiar individuals.


that two surgeons should meet with exclusive condemnation, when the fault committed by them, or what is tantamount to it-the exchange of commissions-id an every-day occurrence when a particular regiment is ordered for foreign service. But we are unwilling to believe that a personal fear had anything to do with the resignation in question. It is too repugnant to the spirit by which we are proud to acknowledge our profession is always animated, to conceive for a moment that apprehension of individual danger would interfere with the duties attaching to the cure of disease. The ardour with which medical men have always confronted the deadliest pestilences of modern times, forbids such an admission. It is far more probable, that these gentlemen were not altogether insensible to the degrading treatment to which their class had always been subjected, and that when it became a question whether they should expose themselves to toil and pestilence, not only without increased pay, but with no prospect of promotion, the disgust with the service, which had long been felt, then came uppermost in their minds, and that they took that opportunity, not of shunning danger, but of disconnecting themselves from a position unsuited to the feelings of an educated gentleman. So far from blaming the individuals in question, for their resignation, if this were their motive, we should like to see their example followed by others: a few such occurrences would, we think, go far to bring Government officials to a proper sense of what they must effect in the way of reformation, if they would have the important office of Assistant-surgeon in the navy filled by trustworthy men.


Objective
To assess the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog on glucose and lipid metabolism in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP).

Methods
A total of 26 girls(aged 6-8 years, breast stage B2) with ICPP were followed up in Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital from Jan. 2008 to Jun. 2011. Those girls received triptorelin therapy for 12 months. Before and the end of the 6th month, the 12th month of the treatment, body mass index(BMI) was calculated, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), fasting plasma insulin(FPI), total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B and estradiol(E2) were measured. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR). Twenty age-matched prepuberty girls were set as controls.

Results
1. Before treatment, BMI, FPG, FPI and HOMA-IR in ICPP girls had no significant difference compared with the controls.2. After 6 months treatment of triptrolin, serum E2 concentration in ICPP girls declined from(30.5±9.8) ng/L at the beginning of treatment to(11.2±4.6) ng/L at the end of 6th month(P<0.01); The end of 12th month of the treatment, FPG and FPI had no significant difference compared with that before of the treatment, but BMI increased from(16.46±1.10) kg/m2 to(18.35±1.30) kg/m2, the difference was significant(P<0.05), HOMA-IR increased from 1.24±0.30 to 2.08±0.40, the difference was significant(P<0.05).3. Lipid metabolism parameters remained unchangeable after 12 months of triptrolin treatment.

Conclusion
Triptorelin may lead to raise of BMI and HOMA-IR in girls with ICPP at 12 months after treatment.

Key words:
Idiopathic central precocious puberty; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog; Body mass index; Insulin resistance


The capacitive-coupling grid-connected inverter (CGCI) is able to achieve reactive power compensation and active power transfer simultaneously with a low operational voltage. The CGCI is coupled to the point of common coupling (PCC) via a second-order LC circuit, which makes its modeling and current control characteristics differs from the conventional inductive-coupling grid-connected inverter. The direct current tracking with hysteresis pulse width modulation (PWM) was used in previous studies. However, this method suffers from widely varying switching frequency and large current ripples. A Quasi-proportional-resonant (Quasi-PR) current controller is designed for the CGCI in this paper. Its modeling and parameter selection are studied in detail. In contrast with proportional-integration (PI) current controller, the Quasi-PR controller reduces steady-state error. It also generates a voltage reference for applying the carrier-based PWM to improve output waveform quality. Simulation results are provided to verify the Quasi-PR controller and comparison with the PI controller is also done. A lab-scale prototype is built. Experimental results are given to show the validity of the proposed control method and its design.


Public spirit is the charitable consciousness displayed by main body of public interest to the social vulnerable groups and the common development of mankind,It is a true reflection of personal emotions and conscience,it is the personal positive attitude towards value of life,society,human and life outlook.Public spirit value contained in two dimensions,the "individual development as well as the intrinsic value" to "social development" extrinsic value.On the public spirit power driving,Public interest actors engage in the public interest activities to realize their own value and ideal targets.They also obtain their own moral improvement and self development.Public interest actors show their attention and try to help the social vulnerable groups.They show the citizen consciousness by voluntarily donating money and time in social assistance,So that it promotes the harmonious development of the society and the development of civilization.Enterprises as a social important role of citizens undertake the social common weal activity,it embodies social responsibility and have become the important value of public spirit.


In the title compound, C30H31NO3S2, the piperidine ring adopts a distorted chair conformation. The thiophene rings have twisted conformations about the C—C bonds. Two of the phenyl rings in the structure are positionally disordered over two sets of sites. The crystal packing features intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and S⋯H, O⋯H, C⋯H and H⋯H contacts.


The heart rate and heart rate variability are types of biometric information that are used in healthcare and wellness applications. Although attachedsensor-based photoplethysmography methods are widely used, they are not suitable for athletes, patients, and babies, who have difficulty wearing sensors. Generally, the human skin exhibits minute temperature changes due to blood flow. These changes are challenging to visually grasp, even with a thermal camera. In this paper, a thermal camera and some image processing methods are used to amplify the minute temperature changes due to facial-skin blood flow, and the heart rate is calculated using the amplified temperature signal. Results showed that the proposed method estimated heart rate of about 95% accuracy in cases of accurately detected blood vessel.


A system and a method for monitoring debris flow landslides are provided to minimize damage of the debris flow landslides by quickly and precisely predicting the transfer of earth and sand on a slope and the movement and speed of debris flow in a valley. A measurement unit(110) includes a debris flow detector(112) for detecting movement of a debris flow by using wires installed in a valley along a horizontal direction at an interval, and a debris flow movement observer(114) observing movement of a debris flow layer at an estimate debris flow landslide position. A main logger(120) stores data measured in the debris flow monitor and controls a measurement frequency according to increase/decrease of rainfall measured through an embedded rainfall gauge and rain sensor(122,124). A monitoring server(130) stores the data received from the main logger through a CDMA(Code Division Modulation Access) modem. The debris flow detector detects the debris flow when the wires are cut by the debris flow. The debris flow movement observer observes the movement of the debris flow layer on a base rock layer by using a slope sensor installed between the debris flow layer and a base rock layer.


This paper begins with the comparison of the message-sending mechanism, for communication among agents, and the method-invocation mechanism, for communication among objects. Then, we describe an extension of the methodinvocation mechanism by introducing the notion of "sender" of a message, "state" of the interaction and "protocol" using the notion of "role", as it has been introduced in the powerJava extension of Java. The use of roles in communication is shown by means of an example of protocol.


For anomaly-based intrusion detection systems, software implementation of several string-matching algorithms using deep/machine learning approaches are frequently available. The research paper aims to explore the use of machine learning algorithms in developing intelligent intrusion detection systems for preventing unauthorized access to computer networks. A complete intrusion detection system consists of packet decoding, capturing, pre-processing, and pattern or string matching. However, string matching is computationally the most intensive part. Consequently, several architectures/designs have been proposed to accelerate the performance of string matching. This paper provides an architectural evaluation of the existing deep/machine learning-based solutions of string-matching algorithms. First, the most recent state-of-the-art solutions are carefully identified. Then, the identified solutions are compared in terms of the used dataset, number of classes, and accuracy. The architectural evaluation of multiple classification algorithms in this paper allows users of the domain to select an appropriate deep/machine learning algorithm for string matching according to their needs.


It is well accepted that radical surgery, whenever possible, is the treatment of choice in carcinoma of the ovary. The practice of removing as much of the tumor as possible, although widely proclaimed, may conflict with newer concepts in cancer biology concerned with host response and dissemination of tumor cells at the time of a surgical procedure. The role of radiation therapy in the management of carcinoma of the ovary is nebulous, and although generally accepted, the value of postoperative irradiation has not been definitely proven. Preoperative irradiation may be of significant benefit in advanced tumors localized to the pelvis. There seems to be little question about the palliative value of radiation therapy in reducing ascites, decreasing the size of pelvic or abdominal masses, and relieving pain. Chemotherapy has a definite palliative effect, particularly when combined with radiation therapy. Combinations of drugs to decrease toxicity and enhance tumor effect must be evaluated in the future, with a curative aim. Paramount to the accomplishment of any optimal programs of management is the creation of teams which should include gynecologists, surgeons, pathologists, radiation therapists, and chemotherapists, who will work closely in the integrated care of patients with carcinoma of the ovary.


Solvent extraction with trioctylphosphine oxide was used for the separation of rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium (Y) from geological samples decomposed by HF plus H2SO4 followed by alkaline fusion of the dry residue. The REE and Y were then measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after back-extraction into dilute HCl. Scandium, which is not back-extracted, can be measured in the organic phase. The separation procedure is more expeditious than ion-exchange chromatography.


Title of Document: SENSOR BASED ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR RAPID PROCESS LEARNING AND ENHANCED MANUFACURABILITY Wei Lei, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Directed By: Professor Gary W. Rubloff Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research In the search for sensor based atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to accelerate process learning and enhance manufacturability, we have explored new reactor designs and applied in-situ process sensing to W and HfO2 ALD processes. A novel wafer scale ALD reactor, which features fast gas switching, good process sensing compatibility and significant similarity to the real manufacturing environment, is constructed. The reactor has a unique movable reactor cap design that allows two possible operation modes: (1) steady-state flow with alternating gas species; or (2) fill-and-pump-out cycling of each gas, accelerating the pump-out by lifting the cap to employ the large chamber volume as ballast. Downstream quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) sampling is applied for insitu process sensing of tungsten ALD process. The QMS reveals essential surface reaction dynamics through real-time signals associated with byproduct generation as well as precursor introduction and depletion for each ALD half cycle, which are then used for process learning and optimization. More subtle interactions such as imperfect surface saturation and reactant dose interaction are also directly observed by QMS, indicating that ALD process is more complicated than the suggested layer-by-layer growth. By integrating in real-time the byproduct QMS signals over each exposure and plotting it against process cycle number, the deposition kinetics on the wafer is directly measured. For continuous ALD runs, the total integrated byproduct QMS signal in each ALD run is also linear to ALD film thickness, and therefore can be used for ALD film thickness metrology. The in-situ process sensing is also applied to HfO2 ALD process that is carried out in a furnace type ALD reactor. Precursor dose end-point control is applied to precisely control the precursor dose in each half cycle. Multiple process sensors, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and QMS are used to provide real time process information. The sensing results confirm the proposed surface reaction path and once again reveal the complexity of ALD processes. The impact of this work includes: (1) It explores new ALD reactor designs which enable the implementation of in-situ process sensors for rapid process learning and enhanced manufacturability; (2) It demonstrates in the first time that in-situ QMS can reveal detailed process dynamics and film growth kinetics in wafer-scale ALD process, and thus can be used for ALD film thickness metrology. (3) Based on results from two different processes carried out in two different reactors, it is clear that ALD is a more complicated process than normally believed or advertised, but real-time observation of the operational chemistries in ALD by in-situ sensors provides critical insight to the process and the basis for more effective process control for ALD applications. SENSOR BASED ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR RAPID PROCESS LEARNING AND ENHANCED MANUFACTURABILITY


Purpose – The authors presented the time-dependent flow of an upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid in the presence of chemical reaction, thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Recent technique namely homotopy analysis method (HAM) is utilized to compute the solution of the problem. Findings – Chemical reaction has opposite effects on the concentration field for the destructive and constructive cases. The Deborah number acts as a retarding agent. Originality/value – Combined effects of thermal-diffusion, diffusion-thermo and chemical reaction are analyzed.


Biological regulatory networks are composed of smaller basic motifs. Some of the most frequent motifs are known as the positive and negative feedback loops, whose individual dynamics is well characterized. This work studies the coupling of two or more identical basic motifs, under diffusive coupling, and analyses their capacity for synchronization and other dynamical properties, such as the generation of new steady states. The feedback loops are described by piecewise linear differential equations, a formalism which allows for further mathematical analysis results.


Abstract This paper presents a high-power inverted Doherty power amplifier for broader operational bandwidth. After analyzing two operation modes according to the load modulation of the Doherty power amplifier, the inverted Doherty structure was selected. In the design, the load impedances for optimum broadband characteristics at both the back-off and peak power levels. The Doherty power amplifier was designed to have simultaneously optimized back-off efficiency and load impedances at peak power level. The designed inverted Doherty power amplifier based on LDMOSFET's shows high efficiency of more than 40 % at the point backed-off by 6 dB from the 1 dB compression point of 50 dBm and at the band from 2.04 to 2.24 GHz.


In patients with mental disorders, almost all patients experience recurrence repeatedly. Data from medical records at the Sepatan Health Center, the presentation of recurrence of mental illness patients at the Sepatan Health Center in 2019 was 26.8%. The same was true for the Kedaung Barat Puskesmas at 22%. To determine the relationship between the level of control adherence and the recurrence rate of mental disorders clients at the Sepatan Public Health Center and the Kedaung Barat Tangerang Public Health Center in 2020. Including an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all schizophenia patients at the Sepatan Health Center and the Kedaung Barat Health Center, Tangerang Regency in 2020, as many as 109 people. Samples were taken based on the slovin as many as 109 respondents. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi Square test. Based on univariate analysis of 109 people, the majority with mental disorders clients who did not relapse were 58 people (53.2%), and the adherence level of adherent controls was 61 people (56%). The results of the bivariate analysis with the chi square test found that there was a relationship between control compliance (p-value 0.000), with mental disorders client recurrence. There is a relationship between the level of control adherence with the recurrence rate of mental disorders clients, with a possible rate of 29,871. It is hoped that it can provide information and be able to provide education on nursing services, especially for the client's family of mental disorders to motivate clients with mental disorders to comply with control.


Objective To study the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on the expression of angiopoietins(Ang),Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the renal tissues of diabetic rats. Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetes group and Astragalus membranaceus group(diabetes treated with Astragalus membranaceus).The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF,Ang-1,Ang-2 and Tie-2 were detected by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with those in the normal control group,the mRNA expression of VEGF and protein expression of VEGF,Ang-2 and Tie-2 were significantly increased in the diabetes group(P0.01).Compared with those in the diabetes group,the mRNA expression of VEGF was significantly elevated,while the protein expression of Tie-2 was significantly decreased(P0.01),and there were no significant differences in the mRNA and protein expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2 between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Treatment with Astragalus membranaceus may have no effect on the expression of Ang in the renal tissues of diabetic rats,but can decrease the expression of Tie-2.


Tropical infections include Dengue, Malaria, Scrub Typhus, Leptospirosis, Typhoid and some other fevers, lead to high morbidity and mortality. Many of these cases have multi-organ dysfunction and require intensive care unit care. Hemophagocytic LymphoHistiocytosis (HLH), represent a severe hyper-inflammatory condition, can complicate the clinical course of tropical fevers. Methods: Here we report the clinico-pathological features, laboratory data, treatment and outcome of 3 cases of tropical fever (2 scrub typhus and 1 dengue) complicated by HLH. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php


This paper deals with the statistical model of the resistance of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea) under flexion normal to the grain. After the establishment of the probability expression governing the failure of said material, we experimentally determined the parameters of the statistical law that best fits the failure. A series of tests is also carried out to determine the size effect on these parameters.


Low-field current following Fowler-Nordheim stress of thin gate oxides is studied. The conduction mechanism is attributed to trap-assisted tunneling of electrons. For oxides thicker than 100 AA, this stress-induced current is observed to decay as traps are filled without significant tunneling out of traps. In thinner oxides, steady-state current flows when there is an equilibrium between trap filling and emptying processes. This model is observed to be consistent with stress-induced current behavior in a wide range of oxide thicknesses (60 AA to 130 AA) and process technologies.<<ETX>>


Tax is a compulsory contribution to the country owed by an individual or entity that is compelling under the law. For the country, tax is an important source of revenue, however for an individual or entity, tax is a cost that can reduce their profits. This study aims to determine the efficiency of Company Income Tax through tax planning on Income Tax Article 21, using the net method and the gross up method based on Law Number 36 of 2008. The type of this research is replication with the differences in object and time of research. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with case study research approach, where describing the application of the net method and gross up method on Income Tax Article 21 and its implications for Company Income Tax. This study uses secondary data sources obtained directly from data sources, namely PT. X, Bali through interview and documentation. The results of this study indicate that with appropriate tax planning and using the gross up methods in the calculation of Income Tax Article 21, then utilizing the applicable rules and rates in accordance with Law Number 36 of 2008 Article 17 and Article 31E, Company Income Tax is efficient with the amount of IDR 17,149,313.


In order to adapt the production of big diameter seamless steel pipe, the 100mm Mannesmann Piercer matched with Accu-Roll pipe mill is reformed by reselecting the bearing and reforming the roll box, so the rolling force and the life of the bearing are increased, the product's diameter is up to 159mm, thereby the needs of the process are met


An upper backing plate for perforating on the printed circuit board is that the two sides of the paper core layer (1) are respectively provided with the glue layer (2) and the aluminum foil layer (3). The utility model has the advantages of the proper hardness, the good smoothness and elasticity, the easy penetration, highly abrasion-resistant drill head, no ring-oxygen greasy pollution and burr, and so on.


Summary The data for this study were obtained from the Illinois Dairy Cattle Crossbreeding Project. Only those causes of death were included in the analysis which were considered to reflect on the viability, or to show a possible sign of weakness of a breed group. Deaths due to ingesting hardware and poisoning were excluded. Significant differences in livability between the purebreds and the crossbreds or ¾-breds were found in first-generation heifers from birth to 1 yr. of age and cows over all lactations, and in second-generation heifers from birth to 1 yr. of age and from birth to calving age. In each of these cases, over twice as many purebreds were lost from the herds as crossbreds or criss-crosses. The over-all death losses in both generations were 32.7% for purebreds and 13.4% for the crossbreds and ¾-breds. The mean milk production of the live vs. dead cows in each breed group of the first generation was analyzed by the method of least squares. A small and nonsignificant difference was found between the production of the live and dead animals when considered over all animals regardless of breed, by breed of sire, by breed of dam, or by system of mating (purebreeding vs. crossbreeding). This indicates that there is little genetic relationship between livability and productive level and emphasizes the importance of improving the livability characteristics of dairy animals, so that more discretion can be exercised by the dairyman in culling cows. Most studies have indicated only a small or no influence of additive genetic variation on livability characteristics and, therefore, little chance of improving these characteristics by mass selection. However, this study indicates a considerable influence of nonadditive genetic factors, or heterosis, on livability and that crossbreeding dairy cattle may provide a means for immediate and marked improvement.