The economics of large-scale combined heat and power (CHP) generation for district heating (DH) applications are strongly affected by the costs and allocation mechanism of CO2 emission allowances. In the next period of the European emission trading system (EU ETS), from 2013 onwards, the allocation rules for CHP generation will be modified according to the principles announced in EU Directive 2009/29/EC. By means of a discounted cash-flow model we first show that the implementation of the modified allocation mechanism significantly reduces the expected net present value of large-scale CHP plants for DH. In a next step, by applying a spread-based real options model we analyze the decision-making problem of an investor who intends to invest in CHP generation. Our results provide some evidence that the modified EU ETS principles contribute to reducing the attractiveness of investments in energy-efficient large-scale CHP plants that feed into DH networks. In contrast, decentralized small-scale CHP, which is not subject to the EU ETS, may benefit from this development and could, therefore increasingly replace large-scale CHP assets. In other words, European legislation is indirectly promoting the further diffusion of decentralized CHP generation units.


inimally invasive surgery has been one of the most important surgical advances in the last 15 ears. The development of smaller instruments has allowed pediatric surgeons to apply this apidly evolving technology to neonates. Congenital neonatal deformities including tracheoesophaeal fistula, patent ductus arteriosus, duodenal atresia and anorectal malformations are now being anaged with minimally invasive surgery. This article summarizes the status of these techniques in eonates. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


This study aimed to determine the best dosage of goat manure as a natural fertilizer on Beha grass(Brachiaria humidicola). This study used 64 poles of Beha grass grown in polybags divided into 16plots, and it used a completely randomized design (CRD) to analyze the data. This study consist of 4treatments that is P0 (0 ton/ha of goat manure), P1 (10 ton/ha of goat manure), P2 (15 ton/ha of goatmanure), and P3 (20 ton/ha of goat manure). This study's variables were plant height, number of leaves,numbers of tillers, new production, and root length. Data analysis used ANOVA variance continued withreal honest difference test. The result of this study showed that averages of plant height (cm) wereP0=26, P1=50.5, P2=51.5, and P3=52.75. Averages of the number of leaves were P0=22, P1=110,P2=160, and P3=185. Averages of numbers of tillers were P0=7, P1=25, P2=37, and P3=38. Averages ofnew production (g) were P0=17.75, P1=123.5, P2=178, and P3=192.25. Averages of root length (cm)were P0=37.8, P1=39.5, P2=41.775, and P3=49.5. Fertilization with natural fertilizer from goat manurehas a genuine effect (P<0.01) on the growth of Beha grass. The best dosage of fertilization with goatmanure was 15 ton/ha.


Induction of general anesthesia with control of ventilation remains a routine procedure both in critically ill patients and in those undergoing elective surgery. Etomidate is considered the drug of choice for emergency intubation procedure because of a good perceived benefit/ risk ratio, including hemodynamic stability, and minor side effects such as, myoclonus. Administered in conjunction with a rapid-onset neuromuscular-blocking drug, etomidate remains the preferred drug by most emergency physicians, anesthesiologists, and intensivists for rapid sequence induction of anesthesia. Publication of observational cohort studies suggesting increased mortality with the use of etomidate in septic patients has, however, raised safety concerns. In a systematic review and meta-analysis in septic patients, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies, Chan et al. 1 reported that a single dose of etomidate for induction of anesthesia was associated with increased 28-day mortality (relative risk 1.20, 95% confidence inter val, 1.02–1.4). Similar findings were observed in a post hoc analysis of the Corticosteroid Therapy of Septic Shock (CORTICUS) trial. An increased 28-day mortality rate (43% vs 31%, P = 0.03) was noted in patients who received etomidate compared with patients who did not. 2 However, other authors did not observe such an increased risk of mortality when using etomidate in septic patients 3 and even observed a decreased mortality rate after adjustment for severity of illness. 4 Similarly, randomized controlled trials have not provided evidence for an increased risk of death following a single dose of etomidate in critically ill patients (Fig. 1). 5–8 In the largest multicenter study in the prehospi


ABSTRACT Pavement management systems can be used to efficiently allocate limited maintenance budgets to better align with pavement deterioration. However, pavement deterioration is subject to uncertain factors that complicate the prediction of future pavement conditions accurately, entailing differences in the optimum maintenance strategy. This paper addresses this challenge by introducing a method to aid local engineers in optimising the scheduling of maintenance activities under uncertain pavement deterioration conditions. Markov chains are used to simulate the variability of life-cycle performance. Moreover, a multi-objective optimisation of an urban network is carried out to find the maintenance programme that minimises the mean life-cycle cost, maximises the mean user benefit, and minimises the standard deviation of life-cycle cost. This third objective enables the optimisation routine to minimise the possibility of unintentionally increasing the life-cycle cost due to system variability. This approach results in a reduction of the life-cycle cost variability by up to 62%, provides pavement strategies that benefit road users as a result of better pavement conditions, and reduces the risk of resorting to costly future maintenance activities.


Population Characteristics and Sampling Methods of Catfish for the Jam es and Big Sioux Rivers Jobo E. Arterburn April 2001 IV Concerns about the sustainability of catfish populations that produce large fish have increased because of abundant media images of large catfish and improvements in specialized fishing equipment. This study will help biologists address these concerns by providing important information about the channel catfish lctalun1s punctarus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris populations of the James and Big Sioux rivers and by assessing the effectiveness of various gears used to sample catfish. I compared the number of channel catfish and flathead catfish caught on trotlines by riverine habitat type, hook type, and bait type along with electrofishing and different hoop net combinations. All gear comparisons were based on 96 hoop net sets and 96 trotline sets split equally between two baiting options and 79.6 hours of electrofishing effort. Soybean baited hoop nets caught 736 channel catfish compared to 108 channel catfish caught in unbaited hoop nets. Flathead catfish were caught most readily by low-pulsed DC electrofishing and live-baited trotlines. More channel catfish (177) than flathead catfish (4) were caught on


According to the U.S. Census Bureau survey conducted in 2003, there are 6,642,845 women in the U.S. of working-age (21-64) with a physical disability, and, 69% of these women are not employed. Additionally, the number of women with disabilities is increasing while the employment rate is decreasing (Houtenville, 2006). In light of these statistics, it seems worthwhile to consider that there is a great deal more we can do to raise awareness and bring these women into the workforce. Why pursue recruitment and hiring of women with disabilities? There are several compelling reasons, including: § Retention rates of employees with a disability are high § Employees with a disability show immense loyalty to a company § Employees with a disability have a positive effect on staff § Most reasonable accommodations cost little, and many people with a disability do not require any accommodations § Disability is a normal part of life, experienced by almost everyone, particularly when we get older § Most people with a disability have no disability for much of their lives § People with a disability are among the largest minority group in the US Section 1 of this paper examines some of the primary and more dramatic barriers that still exist for women with disabilities to enter the workforce. In section 2 we investigate the employer best practices / culture and discuss how well they are addressing outreach, recruitment, and support for employees with disabilities. We also review current status of the existing legislation (i.e., The Americans with Disabilities Act) and to what degree established mechanisms are meeting intended goals. In section 3 we propose some actions we believe are necessary for employers to help 'close the gap' and increase the participation of women with disabilities in the IT workforce. This paper intends to demonstrate that while credible successes are visible, we must continue responsibly and aggressively to improve the number of women with disabilities that are recruited into the IT workforce. Section 1: Do women with disabilities face barriers to enter the workforce?


The goal of this project was to design a wireless input device for the CAVE virtual reality environment. The current solutions for this problem are not adequate, due to their high cost and wired nature. By eliminating these two problems, this team aimed to develop a more widely useable device that incorporates all of the functionality that other solutions have included, and more. For ease of use, the device is housed inside a pair of gloves and is capable of wirelessly communicating with the CAVE. The software driver that accompanies the device allows users to define a series of hand gestures, which are then mapped to either a button press in software - essentially, this allows users to manipulate the CAVE using only their hands and this device. Hopefully, the applications of this device will eventually expand beyond the researchers' interests to the general public.


Indonesia is a successful but flawed democracy: while the electoral process has worked well, the quality of democratic governance is less encouraging. Missing from the equation between elections and democracy is political accountability. Parties' obsession with coalition building as a route to political power has made it difficult for voters to attribute success or failure to elected officials. Coalition government allows politicians to send contradictory messages, and in 2012 religious minorities – which are neither banned nor protected – have paid a heavy price for the lack of accountability and leadership. In Jakarta an outsider, Joko Widodo, won the gubernatorial election despite facing an incumbent backed by a broad coalition. His victory illustrates that coalition building does not guarantee success, and that the electorate is mature enough not to be swayed by appeals to religious and ethnic sentiment. This gives heart to those hoping to strengthen democracy and democratic values in Indonesia.


Abstract Introduction Children's Interstitial Lung Diseases (cHILD) are a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory diseases. Their common characteristics are gas exchange abnormalities and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging. This group includes inherited surfactant protein deficiency (ISPD), a little-known etiology in Tunisia. Case Presentation A 22-month-old boy was referred to investigate recurrent respiratory infections. He had polypnea, cyanosis, finger clubbing, pectus carinatum, intercostal retraction, and bilateral crackles on pulmonary auscultation. The chest imaging revealed a diffuse ground-glass appearance consistent with cHILD. Lung biopsy was suggestive of ISPD. The infant was mainly treated with intravenous corticosteroids. At the age of nine, he was still dependent on oxygen but had better exercise tolerance. Conclusion This case showed that recurrent respiratory infections can hide cHILD which may be related to ISPD, particularly in infants. A better knowledge of this disease was necessary to start specific treatment. Early management would lead to better prognosis.


In the complex and dynamic condition of economic, social, policy and etc can be said that one of factor organizational survive is productivity of human resource in organization. Therefore, the present study tried to identify the main factor of human resource productivity and how to increase it by cognitive empowerment. In present research the sample size consists of 183 employees (69 women and 114 men) that were selected at random from Tabriz 3 zone education in East Azerbaijan-Iran. Data analysis was carried out by using the statistical program packages SPSS 17.0, Amos 16.0.1 and Lisrel 8.5. Findings of the present study were illustrated that there is significant relationship between empowerment and its dimensions and human resource productivity in the present organization (p<0/01). The results of Enter regression showed that predictor variables significantly (choice, competency, meaningful and impact) have determined 71.0 % of the variance of HRP together. Also the result of Lisrel statistical software was illustrated that the data of present study involve significant goodness of fit. Also the interesting results were obtained from Regression analysis to predict cognitive empowerment and its dimensions on the HRP that will watch in the present study.


Photochemical artificial nitrogen cycle was reported to produce dinitrogen and dihydrogen by photodecomposing ammonia with platinized TiO2, and its application to a photofuel cell with a nanoporous TiO2 film electrode, a new concept of a fuel cell to photochemically produce electricity and H2 from ammonia, was proposed.


ABSTRACT Introduction Occupational justice concept is defined as the equal access and participation in all occupations, including the resources required for participation and opportunities for social inclusion. Occupational justice not only remains conceptually ambiguous for occupational therapy practice but also lacks critical examination of its applicability to non-Western cultures. Objective This article describes the reflexive process exercised by the researchers during and after using the Occupational Justice Health Questionnaire (OJHQ) as an occupational therapy tool in a substance addiction rehabilitation setting in the Philippines. Method This qualitative study gathered transcriptions from field notes and focus group discussions of the authors. These transcriptions were characterized by the authors' reflections on their experiences using the OJHQ on four distinct periods: 1) OJHQ translation, 2) pilot testing, 3) OJHQ-Filipino version administration, and 4) project conclusion. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results Qualitative data revealed four themes: tool usefulness; administration guidelines; contextualized use of the tool; and nuances of occupational injustices in substance addiction and rehabilitation setting. Conclusion Findings expanded OJHQ's purpose to enhance clinical reasoning, promote justice-oriented health care, activate reflective practice, and recognize the interweaving and evolving nature of injustices. This article offers an understanding of how reflections can facilitate cultural adaptation of practice tools used in occupational therapy and justice practice.


Get the most out of Google products and services with help from this easy-to-use guide. How to Do Everything with Google Tools shows you that Google is so much more than a search engine, offering other features such as shopping, mapping, blogging, advertising, and much more. You'll also learn to use the email, communication, document, and spreadsheet tools that make up Google Apps. This book shows you how to maximize the Google tools that can make your work more efficient, your business more profitable, and your online experience more fun.

Shop on Google Product Search and streamline purchasing with Google Checkout
Navigate with Google Maps and Google Earth--or create custom maps
Communicate on Google Groups and with Google Talk
Manage and share photos and other images with Picasa
Promote your business with AdWords
Make money on your site by hosting AdSense ads
Customize your online experience with iGoogle, Google Notebook, Web Accelerator, and Google Desktop
Make Gmail work for you with custom filters and calendars
Use the Google Documents & Spreadsheets program
Design Web sites with Google Page Creator
Create and manage a blog with Google Blogger

Table of contents
Part I. Use Google to Search
Chapter 1: Search With Google
Chapter 2: Dig into Power Searches
Part II. Communicate--Google Style
Chapter 3: Map with Google
Chapter 4: Travel the Earth
Chapter 5: Talk It Up
Chapter 6: Say It in Pictures
Chapter 7: Host Ads and Advertise with Google Ads
Part III. Construct a Mobile Office
Chapter 8: Make Your Web Interface Your Own
Chapter 9: Manage E-Mail with Gmail
Chapter 10: Do Way More than Just E-Mail with Gmail
Chapter 11: Create and Management Documents Online
Chapter 12: Handle Spreadsheets Online
Chapter 13: Design Websites with Google Page Creator
Chapter 14: Blog with Blogger
Index


Environmental conditions shape entire communities by driving microbial interactions. These interactions then find their reflection in the evolutionary outcome of microbial competition. In static, homogeneous environments a robust, or evolutionary stable, outcome in microbial communities is reachable, if it exists. However, introducing heterogeneity and time-dependence in microbial ecology leads to stochastic evolutionary outcomes determined by specific environmental changes. We utilise evolutionary game theory to provide insight into phenotypic competition in dynamic environments. We capture these effects in a perturbed evolutionary game describing microbial interactions at a phenotypic level. We show that under regular periodic environmental fluctuations a stable state that preserves dominant phenotypes is reached. However, rapid environmental shifts, especially in a cyclic interactions, can lead to critical shifts in the evolutionary balance among phenotypes. Our analysis suggests that an understanding of the robustness of the systems current state is necessary to understand when system will shift to the new equilibrium. This can be done by understanding the systems overall margin of safety, that is, what level of perturbations it can take before its equilibrium changes. In particular, the extent to which an environmental shift affects the system's behaviour.


1 Answers: Argentina; Somalia (the dish is known as anan geil); 800 CE; corn, sugar beets, wheat, sunflowers, tobacco, olives, chickens, pigs, sheep, cattle and goats. 2 Although population densities and percentages of arable land are provided in these data, neither total populations nor land areas are regularly given, complicating meaningful comparisons between or among entries. 3 I use the term country in a broader-than-political manner, as many entries begin with prehistoric developments. All entries conclude with developments in the twenty-first century. 4 Determined manually, these countries are: Afghanistan, Armenia, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, India, Israel, Jordan, Somalia, Sri Lanka, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. This listing reinforces the idea, contrary to Brittin's arrangement, that "gastronomic regions are not always easily defined by political borders." Martha Rose Shulman, The Foodlover's Atlas of the World (London: Firefly Books, 2002), p. 7. 5 Brittin writes that, in Japan, "only steamed custard (chawan-mushi) is eaten with a spoon," and a bento(boxed meal) holds a lunch or picnic "of at least 10 items" (p. 155). Curiously, both overstatements also appear in Pamela Goyan Kittler and Kathryn P. Sucher's Food and Culture, 4th edn (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2004), p. 288, which is cited by Brittin and demonstrates how easily food-culture myths spread. 6 But, in a work akin to an almanac, is addressing the loaded existential question of how people really eat even possible? Where is the space for discussion of socio-economic realities, identity or choice (veganism, vegetarianism), temporal exigencies (wars, drought, famine) that affect food production and distribution, or even "aesthetic development" à la Angelo Pellegrini—how much individuals, independent of means, care about food and its preparation?


This article argues for a renovation in the study of nationalism by addressing the issue of the rationality underlying the decisions by citizens willing to leave their homelands. From the example of unforced exiles from the 1939 Republican diaspora (and inner exiles as well), the text starts with providing a theory of disidentification from a nation for the sake of civic commitment. Having shown the relevance of jointly studying the language of nation and patria, it focuses on Spanish post-Francoist historiography of the Early modern period for showing its unbalanced account of discourse revolving around patria in favor of that of nation. Thereafter, it provides a comparative overview of the scholarly interest in patriotism in modern history as depending on different national trajectories of political culture. Finally, it claims a methodological reorientation in the study of nationalism and patriotism by distinguishing between nation and patria as terms, as concepts, and as analytical categories defining distinctive collective identities.


The recycling of packaging waste is an important part of the EU circular economy package, with a political focus on raising the recycling targets for post-consumer plastic packaging waste (PPW). The recycling of PPW involves at least three steps; collection, sorting and mechanical recycling. In contrast to the first two steps, mechanical recycling is poorly documented, as it is considered a free market activity. In order to provide a complete chain description the mechanical recycling yields were determined. The recovery of mass was determined for the main plastic sorting products from both major collection systems: separate collection (SC) and mechanical recovery (MR) from municipal solid waste. This technical assessment was conducted with a laboratory set-up for a standard mechanical recycling process. This analysis showed that there is a substantial sample-to-sample variation in polymeric composition between similar feedstocks and this variation is also observed in recovered masses. Next, the mechanica...


This paper presents a novel high-gain planar dipole-array antenna for 2.45 GHz which consists of four planar dipole elements placed in two parallel lines. Phase retardation of each element is set by feeding network to form controllable radiation direction. The radiation pattern of the array is discussed according to Arrays Theorem. The measured −10 dB band is from 2.3 GHz to 2.57 GHz, and peak gain in this band is 7.5 dBi. The gain can even reach 10.5 dBi after installing additional ground. The proposed antenna has advantages of high gain, controllable direction, and planarity which are suitable for 2.45 GHz RFID base station.


Geothermal heat pump is a practical technology with the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection.The author of the paper introduced application work of the technology in the general office building of Dingxi city central sub-branch,People,s bank of China.


The Great American Novel," which the William Carlos Williams Review is reprinting to celebrate fifty years since its first publication, reminds me of one sunny morning in the late 1970s, when I sat in the garage of the fourroom bungalow my first husband and I rented with our two small children, dangling my legs over the arm of my chair, smoking Kents, and trying to make sense of Williams's strange, brief book. The garage, with its castoff furniture and the $5 motorcycle that didn't run, was the only place I could work, a bit removed from the house yet still available in case of emergency. I was preparing to write my dissertation at the time—the dissertation that years later became William Carlos Williams and Autobiography: The Woods of His Own Nature—and was slowly reading and rereading everything Williams had published. To tell the truth, I don't think I encountered Wagner-Martin's article back then; mostly, I was focusing on autobiography theory and criticism of Williams's poetry, and probably the biggest influence on my work was J. Hillis Miller's 1965 book Poets of Reality. But I wish I had read it. I wish I had had a firmer sense of what's at stake in The Great American Novel, which Linda Wagner-Martin so beautifully now helps me understand.


A doped-ring hollow-defect structure is proposed in photonic crystal fiber to acheive a higher evanescent field. Vectorial modal analysis with finite element method and experimental results confirmed significantly enhanced sensitivity in the near IR region.


The Marangoni phenomenon is shown to be the primary mechanism for the movement of a gas bubble in a nonisothermal liquid in a low-gravity environment. In such a two-phase system, local variations in surface tension at the bubble surface are caused by a temperature gradient in the liquid. Shearing stresses thus generated at the bubble surface lead to convection in both media, as a result of which the bubble moves. A mathematical model consisting of the Navier-Stokes and thermal energy equations, together with the appropriate boundary conditions for both media, is presented. Parameter perturbation theory is used to solve this boundary value problem, with the expansion parameter being the Marangoni number. The zeroth, first- and second-order approximations for the velocity, temperature and pressure distributions in the liquid and in the bubble, and the deformation and terminal velocity of the bubble are determined. Experimental zero-gravity data for a nitrogen bubble in ethylene glycol, ethanol, and silicone...


it, you'll wonder how you ever got along without it. . 8 NOSO-3'", the first fully integrated infection control computer soft*.*".* %$ ware package, will get into your system, so fast, so easily, you'll 'marvel at its simplicity. And with a little exposure to our newly developed audio cassette training tapes and visual support #manual, computerized infection control will be transmitted to you in record time.


Consanguineous marriage has been the culturally preferred form of marriage in Iran. This paper examines the extent to which modernization through education, urbanization and changes in modes of production has affected the incidence of consanguineous marriage and attitudes towards consanguineous marriages. The 2002 Iran Fertility Transition Survey conducted in the four provinces of Gilan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Yazd and West Azarbaijan provides information on the degree of relationship of marriage partners from around 6550 ever-married women aged less than 50. Overall, the level of relative marriage ranged from 23 per cent in Gilan to 78 per cent in Sistan and Baluchistan. Attitudinal data were also obtained. The paper finds that the practice of relative marriage has remained surprisingly resilient in the face of modernization and that ethnicity, province and area of residence remain important determinants. On the other hand, attitudes have shifted towards marriage with a non-relative. Anthropological research would illuminate the processes of consanguineous marriage in Iran. * This paper is based on the findings of a project on Fertility Transition in Iran supported by the Wellcome Trust. 1 Associate Professor and Head, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; and Associate, Demography and Sociology Program, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Professor and Head, Demography and Sociology Program, ANU 3 PhD scholar, Demography and Sociology Program, ANU


Background: Motor abnormalities precede and predict the onset of psychosis. Despite the practical utility of motor abnormalities for early identification, prediction, and individualized medicine applications, there is currently no dedicated self-report instrument designed to capture these important behaviors. The current study assessed and validated a questionnaire designed for use in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Methods: The current study included both exploratory (n=3,009) and validation (n=439) analytic datasets that included individuals at CHR (n=84)- who completed the novel Motor Abnormalities and Psychosis-Risk (MAP-R) Scale, clinical interviews and a finger tapping task. The structure of the scale and reliability of items were consistent across two analytic datasets. The resulting scales were assessed for discriminant validity across CHR, community sample non-psychiatric volunteer, and clinical groups. Results: The scale showed a consistent structure across independent data points across two analytic datasets subscale structure. The resultant subscale structure was consistent with conceptual models of motor pathology in psychosis (coordination and dyskinesia) in both the exploratory and the validation analytic dataset. Further, these subscales showed discriminant, predictive and convergent validity. The motor abnormality scales discriminated CHR from community sample non-psychiatric controls and clinical samples. Finally, these subscales predicted to risk calculator scores and showed convergent validity with motor performance on a finger tapping task. Conclusion: The MAP-R scale demonstrated good internal validity, discriminant validity, predictive validity, and convergent validity, and subscales map on to conceptually relevant motor circuits. This scale showed great promise in characterizing a novel area of detection of psychosis risk.


This study investigated the nature of internal representations constructed from learning concrete or generic instantiations of an abstract concept. Undergraduate students learned instantiations of a mathematical group that were generic, communicated concreteness relevant to the concept, or communicated concreteness irrelevant to the concept. Students who learned relevantly concrete instantiations were unable to recognize relational structure in the context of novel elements, while students who learned with no relevant concreteness were able to recognize the structure. This differential ability suggests participants constructed different representations which may in turn be responsible for differential transfer, with generic instantiations promoting transfer and relevantly concrete hindering. When given the alignment of elements across domains, all subjects transferred equally well, suggesting that alignment of elements helps disembed relational structure.


BACKGROUND
 Prior studies indicate that the age of onset of breast cancer is an important element in considering communication between patients and the healthcare team. Younger women ages 45 and under diagnosed with breast cancer are often at a higher risk of being more vulnerable to psychosocial issues as compared to older women. While doctor-patient communication is the primary way women with breast cancer learn about important elements of their cancer therapy and post-treatment survivorship, few studies have examined age differences in patient perceptions of treatment-related discussions and of communications during transition with their healthcare team.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aims of this survey were: 1) to better understand breast cancer survivors' perspectives of healthcare providers communication during treatment and in transition to post-treatment, and 2) to determine the differences between younger women with breast cancer (<45 years of age) as compared to older women (>46 years of age and older). It was hypothesized that 1) breast cancer survivors' psychosocial and finance-related communications with healthcare providers may lack effectiveness; 2) younger women experience greater needs in physician and healthcare providers' patient-centered communication, especially around psychosocial care and transition to post-treatment; and 3) younger breast cancer patients (<45 years of age) need more information on survivorship and follow-up care.

 METHODS
 An online survey was conducted with 143 women in Central Texas with 35.% (n=50) age 45 or under and 65% (n=93) ages 46 and above. The participants were invited via email links from a number of Texas-based cancer and breast cancer advocacy groups. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to assess differences in participants' perceptions about communication with healthcare providers by age group: young (<45 years of age) and old (≥ 46 years of age).

 RESULTS
 Participants were asked to score question areas such as concerns during treatment and how much discussion occurred between patients and providers. Statistically significant results were in regard to rating healthcare team and patient discussions about the transition from treatment to post-treatment using a score of 0 as "no discussion" and 100 as "in-depth discussion." For the questions about management of post treatment care the group mean score was 56.26; the younger group mean was 43.96; the older group mean was 61.96 (P=.022). For the question about the timing of follow-up appointments, the overall group mean was 64.29; the younger group mean was 54.44; the older group mean was 68.88 (P=.049).
 For the overall group, scores related to psychosocial and financial support discussions with healthcare providers during the transition to post treatment care were low, with a rollup average of only 30.02 out of 100, suggesting that this is an important area for improving patient-centered communications.

 CONCLUSIONS
 For all patients, transition from treatment to post-treatment require greater healthcare team engagement and communications. It appears that younger patients age <45 have needs for more in-depth and personalized messaging to better understand their post-treatment care requirements.


Background The six minute walking test (6MWT) is a standardised measure of submaximal exercise capacity. It is a surrogate measure of heart and lung involvement. There are no studies on relationship between 6MWT and quality of life evaluated by Short form 36. Objectives To evaluate the relationships between of the 6 min walking distance (6MWD) and each items of SF36 Methods Fifty consecutive SSc patients were investigated. They underwent 6MWT and complete the SF-36 (assessed the 8 domains of the questionnaire as well as the physical component score-PCS and mental component score-MCS). Results 6MWD ranged from 253 to 582 (median 420); we listed the correlations from 6MWT and only the statistically significant features of SSc and the items of SF36 Age: median 48 (range 20–72); Rho −0.51; p<0.00001 EScSG Activity Index: median 0.5 (range 0–5); Rho −0.33; p0.009 HAQ-DI: median 0.375 (range 0–2.275); Rho −0.26; p 0.048 mRSS: median 2 (range 0–17); Rho-0.35; p0.007 Pulmonary hypertension (echocardiography): median 30 (range 13–80); Rho −0.26; p 0.048 SF36: PCS: median 43 (range 20–65); Rho 0.41; p 0.0016 PF: median 75 (Range 0–100); Rho 0.40; p 0.002 GH: median 50 (range 10–92); Rho 0.43; p 0.0007 Conclusions Our study first demonstrates that 6MWT is correlated to some aspects of quality of life as measured by SF36 in the SSc patients. This results must been considered when assessing 6MWT in SSc. References [1] Schoindre Yet al, J Rheumatol2009. [2] Flahertyet al, Am J Respir Crit Care Med2006 [3] Casanova C. et al, Eur respire J2007 Disclosure of Interest None declared


Tennakoon et al ([2000][1]) stated that their study is 'one of the first' to investigate burden among caregivers of people with first-episode psychosis. Their paper was published 13 years after our paper which covered much the same ground ([The Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group, 1987][2])


The high-speed supercritical flow in steeply sloped channels contains a significant amount of hydro-kinetic energy. A novel, horizontal axis, spillway turbine as presented in this paper attempts to convert that energy into electricity. We report on the turbine's design and experimental testing. Its intended use is in low-head, low-flow, manmade, concrete-lined channels such as chutes, spillways and other similar steeply sloped open-channels. The design lends itself from an impulse turbine runner but without a pipe or a nozzle. The spillway turbine consists of 2 main components: 1) the runner and 2) an accelerator channel that directs the water towards the runner's blades. The runner, once fitted with Pelton-inspired "cup inserts" shows performance improvements both in terms of efficiency and specific speeds. The specific speed and the speed factors calculated confirm that this novel spillway turbine runner can be categorized as an impulse turbine. The maximum efficiency obtained during laboratory testing is 43.4% and hence competes well with standard hydrokinetic turbines.


In real time applications, single modal biometric system have the limitations, due to noise sensitivity, intra class variability, non universality, data quality etc. These difficulties can be rectified by Multibiometric system. This paper presents effective fusion methodologies by multiple traits. The proposed multimodal biometric authenticated system have a number of incomparable merits, starts from Borda count method, principle component analysis(PCA) and Fisher's linear Discriminant methods for entity matchers (face, iris, and fingerprint). For traits authentication from the different fusion method, to fuse different biometric results obtained from matches. This result shows that fusion of entity can the growth of biometric system performance.


Influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated, with a majority of circulating strains matching vaccine strains well. Severity indicators were within the range of what has been observed during previous H3N2-predominant seasons, which have been associated with more severe illness and mortality, especially in older individuals and younger children, compared with seasons during which H1N1 or B viruses predominated.


Given a graph and an integer k, Densest k-Subgraph is the algorithmic task of finding the subgraph on k vertices with the maximum number of edges. This is a fundamental problem that has been subject to intense study for decades, with applications spanning a wide variety of fields. The state-of-the-art algorithm is an O(n1/4 + )-factor approximation (for any > 0) due to Bhaskara et al. [STOC '10]. Moreover, the so-called log-density framework predicts that this is optimal, i.e. it is impossible for an efficient algorithm to achieve an O(n1/4 − )-factor approximation. In the average case, Densest k-Subgraph is a prototypical noisy inference task which is conjectured to exhibit a statistical-computational gap. In this work, we provide the strongest evidence yet of hardness for Densest k-Subgraph by showing matching lower bounds against the powerful Sum-of-Squares (SoS) algorithm, a meta-algorithm based on convex programming that achieves state-of-art algorithmic guarantees for many optimization and inference problems. For k ≤ n1/2, we obtain a degree nδ SoS lower bound for the hard regime as predicted by the log-density framework. To show this, we utilize the modern framework for proving SoS lower bounds on average-case problems pioneered by Barak et al. [FOCS '16]. A key issue is that small denser-than-average subgraphs in the input will greatly affect the value of the candidate pseudoexpectation operator around the subgraph. To handle this challenge, we devise a novel matrix factorization scheme based on the positive minimum vertex separator. We then prove an intersection tradeoff lemma to show that the error terms when using this separator are indeed small.


Omega is an earth-referenced hyperbolic navigation system operating in the internationally allocated navigation band between 10 and 14 kHz. The Omega receiver is phase-locked to signals from three transmitters simultaneously. Phase comparison permits determination of position in a hyperbolic coordinate system. In actual operation, diurnal variations introduce errors in the position fix which must be corrected by sky-wave correction tables. Referring to the table for a given location, day and time, a correction factor is applied to the receiver data. An Omega navigation chart is then used to determine position.


Following the economic progress, China is currently performing very well in many areas, particularly in industrial manufacturing. The number of international scientific publications has also soared. Healthcare or medical treatment is probably one of the areas where China is underperforming. Currently both patients and doctors are complaining of the healthcare system.


The rigid nano-silica and soft nano-rubber toughening effects on neat epoxy under impact loading in a range of −50 to 80 °C were investigated. Nanosilica particles (20 nm) toughened neat epoxy at all temperatures with a maximum toughening efficiency at −50 °C and lower efficiency at elevated temperatures. In contrast, except at −50 °C, nano-rubber particles (100 nm) showed the deterioration effect on the impact fracture toughness of epoxy resin. Scanning electron microscopy examinations revealed that the crack pinning and local epoxy deformation induced by rigid particles in term of nano-silica/epoxy and nano-rubber/epoxy interfacial debonding (at −50 °C) led to positive toughening efficiency on neat epoxy. However, at 20 and 80 °C, the rubber cavitations/void plastic growth was significantly suppressed under the impact loading, which led to the negative toughening efficiency on epoxy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45319.


Three types of common wheat and their nuclear substitutional lines in 6X Ae.crassa cytoplasm were selected to study the activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in functional leaves and anthers.The results showed that SOD and CAT activities of nuclear substitutional lines in Ae.crassa cytoplasm were lower than those of nuclear donor,common wheat.There was difference among the male sterilities of the nuclear substitutional lines whose fertilities were generally lower than those of nuclear donor,and there was significantly positive correlation between the fertilities and SOD and CAT activities of nuclear substitutional lines.It was suggested that one of the radical reasons resulting in microspore abortion of alloplasms was the disorder between nucleus and cytoplasm,which caused unbalance of enzymatic metabolism,decrease of activities of SOD and CAT,and damage of membrane systems led by accumulated active oxygen.


Effects of kernel water concentration at harvest, and windrow compared to artificial drying, were determined in two red spring (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars. Grain harvested at kernel water concentrations of 1000 to < 170 g water per kilogram kernel dry weight was dried in the field in simulated windrows or artificially in a forced-air oven (40–45 °C). Test weight and commercial grades were determined. Artificial drying of immature wheat reduced grades, primarily due to numbers of green kernels. Green kernel levels reduced grades of windrowed durum wheat in 1 of 3 years. In the absence of grade-limiting levels of green kernels, test weight limited grades of durum in 1 year, particularly in the windrowed treatment. In a separate experiment, percentages of green kernels were determined in field-scale windrowed and standing hard red spring and durum wheat crops. Levels of green kernels declined at similar rates in standing and windrowed crops. The kernel water c...


This short tribute to the guru of Enumerative and Algebraic Combinatorics started out when one the authors(DZ) attended the Stanely@70 conference, that took place at the same time as the preliminary stage of the 2014 World Cup. It states a surprising application of an analog of Richard Stanley's famous theorem about the enumeration of magic squares to the enumeration of possible outcomes in a World Cup Group.


The mixed alkali modified borosilicate base glass used in the vitrification of high level radioactive waste (HLW) has been mixed with various trivalent oxides to give a range of glass transition temperatures (T g ). The ultrasonic wave velocities in these samples have been measured from room temperature to 20°C above T g using noncontact, laser based ultrasound. A pulsed Nd: YA G was used to generate ultrasound in the samples and ultrasonic detection was performed using a wide band (>80 MHz) Michelson interferometer. A sharp decrease in velocity is observed at temperatures in the region of the onset of glass transition as indicated by differential thermal analysis and dilatometry. This technique should allow the remote determination of the elastic properties of the glass and supercooled liquid at temperatures up to and above the liquidus.


With increasing public and political attention towards environmentally safe materials, more research is being directed towards biodegradable substitutes for petroleum-derived thermoplastics. Of particular interest are biodegradable polymers produced from renewable resources, thus fitting into an ecological cycle. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) (FIG. 1) are a family of biodegradable polymers that fit into this category. PHAs are naturally synthesized by bacteria as carbon and energy reserve materials. These polyesters can be harvested from the bacteria and used as substitutes for common petroleum-derived plastics, such as polypropylene. When discarded into the environment, PHAs are rapidly degraded by other microorganisms, ultimately to carbon dioxide and water.14 The properties and the resulting applications of the various PHAs depend on the structure of the constituent monomers, the composition, the primary structure, and the length of the polymers. Although many naturally occurring PHAs with useful properties have been discovered, they are still too expensive to compete with petroleum-based polymer^.^^^ Commercial uses of PHAs have so far been limited to specialty applications where properties are more important than costs. The cost of the raw materials, the extraction, and the purification of the PHAs are the prohibitive costs of commercial production.' Much of the current research focuses on methods to produce different types of PHAs and on finding ways to make these polymers economically competitive with nondegradable polymers.


JFE Steel supplies a wide range of advanced products and technologies to automotive industry. This report first introduces new high strength steel products which contribute to reduction of automobile weight and improvement of crashworthiness, coated steel products for extended automobile life, and evaluation and application technologies of steel products. In addition, several other products are also introduced, such as stainless steel products for exhaust system, electrical steel sheets with outstanding high frequency properties, ERW tubes for hydroforming, bar products for bearings and power train parts iron powder technology for high density sintered parts and lightweight composites for interior parts.


ABSTRACT Al/MoO3 nano-thermite is successfully reinforced with MLG (multi-layered graphene) using physical mixing synthesis technique, assisted with ultrasonication. MLG nanoplatelets in the nano-thermite (Al/MoO3) are utilised as an additional fuel to replace the conventional fuel, i.e. Al nanoparticles. The chemical composition and stability of samples are analysed by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Raman techniques. The FESEM (field-emission scanning electron microscopy) and HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) analysis revealed the morphology, uniform distribution of MoO3 (metal oxide) and Al, MLG (fuels) and also the contact between constituents of the thermite mixture. DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) results showed that the exothermic behaviours are affected by the gradual replacement of Al by MLG as a fuel and achieved the maximum energy release of 1220 J/g, which is three times higher than 451 J/g, i.e. energy release in the case of Al/MoO3 conventional nano-thermite.


The purpose of this article is to present information on a stone configuration in southeastern Montana, the Fort Smith Medicine Wheel (Site 24BH220), and to briefly review information on other know...


We prove that in the class of almost locally normal groups the property of locally conjugation of any two Sylow $p$-subgroups is not inherited by normal dividers of a finite index. The separates cases are explored, in which such property is inherited by subgroups of a finite index or by all subgroups.


The theory developed differs from classical Langmuir theory in that the potential at the sheath's edge need not be the ambient potential and the velocity distribution function for each species is determined for all points in space, rather than at the probe surface only. The range of validity of the classical theory is discussed quantitatively by presentation of several solutions for the spatial distributions of potential. Examination of an earlier result given for a moderately negative probe and mono‐energetic ions reveals an inconsistent formulation; an exact result is presented. A solution for the infinite collisionless field of arbitrary potential distribution is derived, and an approximate form of this solution is compared with numerical results.


Girls with chronic headache often suffer also from marked anxiety and depression. The present study used psychological and biological characteristics related to stress load and stress coping to predict anxiety and depression. This was done by regression analysis. Anxiety could be better explained than depression. Psychological and physiological stress load played a significant role, but not activity of HPA axis, although cortisol awakening response was heightened specifically for headache sufferers.


13
 C NMR spectroscopy is used to show that for surface coverages corresponding to less than one allyl alcohol molecule per Bronsted site in H-ZSM-5, there is evidence for the formation of an allyl carbocation.


Relevance. Thermal burns of the skin cause the development of burns, the main factor of which is endogenous intoxication. The infusion of detoxification solutions is a mandatory component of the treatment of burns, as it corrects its course and prevents the development of certain stages and complications. According to the stage of the burn disease and the different direction of its links in its pathogenesis, infusion therapy should not only restore water-electrolyte balance and detoxify the body, but also contribute to the normalization and stabilization of vital (including immune) body functions.
Objective: study of changes in the vessels of the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory system of Peyer's patches in burnt rats at the stages of burn disease, under conditions of intravenous infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution and combined colloidal-hyperosmolar solutions (lactoprotein and sorbitolum).
Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 72 white rats. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups (18 animals in each group). I, II, III - rats with skin burn trauma, which received a separate infusion of isotonic sodium chloride (I), lactoprotein with sorbitol (II) and hecoton (III), at a dose of 10 ml / kg. IV - intact animals (control group).
Simulation of burn disease was performed by inflicting burn injury by applying to the lateral surfaces of the body of animals four copper plates, which were previously kept for 6 minutes in water with a constant temperature of 100 ° C. Histological and electron microscopic examination were performed. Light microscopy was used.
Results. Intravenous administration of the applied infusion solutions caused various phase changes of the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory tract of Peyer's patches of the ileum of burnt rats, depending on the applied solution. In the case of infusion of burnt rats with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, the negative effects of burn disease were exacerbated, which were manifested by damage to the vascular wall of the hemo- and lymphocapillary channels, resulting in plasma and lymph seepage through the affected areas into the perivascular space. This process was accompanied by a violation of the rheological properties of blood, the formation of edema. The established "membrane-plastic effect" of lactoprotein with sorbitol revealed clear organ-specific features, which had manifestations of penetration through the damaged wall of microvascular electron-dense impregnations, which contributed to a significant thickening of the basement membrane in the wall of the blood capillary formation and its gradual formation of rounded membranous structure. This structure of variable electron density not only strengthened the vascular wall, but also served as a closure, helping to close the vascular lumen at the site of largest damage. The difference between the perinodal lymphatic capillaries in burnt rats infused with lactoprotein and sorbitol is characterized by the phenomenon of "overflow" of the lymphocapillary channel with cells in different functional states. In the case of infusion of hecoton solution, the effect of "overflow" of the lymphocapillary channel was not observed, which indicates adequate implementation of the immune function of immunocompetent cells.
Conclusions. Intravenous infusion of colloid-hyperosmolar solutions causes various changes in the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory tract of Peyer's patches. Infusion of a  0.9% sodium chloride solution leads to a deepening of the negative consequences of burn disease, which manifests itself in the form of damage to the vascular wall of the hemo- and lymphocapillary channels. Infusion of solutions of lactoprotein with sorbitol and hecoton helps to preserve the vascular wall of the nodular lymphatic capillaries. When a solution of lactoprotein with sorbitol is applied around the damaged vessels of blood capillaries and venules, annular membrane formations are formed, which promote selective recirculation of structurally intact lymphocytes.


How teachers position themselves plays a vital role in education quality.The teacher-student relationship can be viewed from 3 dimensions:educational, social and academic, requiring university teachers to play 3 different roles as mentor, friend and ladder correspondently.In order to realize the recognition of the positioning and roles, an environment that enables the teachers to focus on teaching and research is highly appreciated while enhancing the teachers' capabilities and moral ethnic.


The Advanced Process Analysis System is used to perform economic and environmental evaluations of a plant. The main components of this system are a flowsheeting program, an on-line optimization program, a chemical reactor analysis program, a heat exchanger network design program, and a pollution assessment module. A Windows interface has been used to integrate these programs into one user-friendly application. An accurate description of the process is obtained from process flowsheeting and on-line optimization. Then an evaluation of the best types of chemical reactors is performed to modify and improve the process, and pinch analysis is used to determine the best configuration for the heat exchanger network and determine the minimum utilities needed for the process. The pollution index evaluation is used to identify and minimize emissions. A tutorial has two plant simulations and two actual plants. The Chemical Complex Analysis System incorporates economic, environmental and sustainable costs and solves a MINLP for the best configuration of plants in a chemical production complex. The system incorporates a flowsheeting component where the simulations of the plants in the complex are entered through windows and stored in the database to be shared with the other components of the system. Also, entered are prices and economic, environmental and sustainable costs. Then the optimum configuration of plants in the complex is determined, and the results are presented to the user on the flowsheet and in tables from the GAMS solution of the MINLP . The tutorial has a complex simulation and an actual agricultural chemical complex. These programs and users manual with tutorials can be obtained from the LSU Minerals Processing Research Institute's web site, www.mpri.lsu.edu at no charge.


In-situ regeneration and sulfiding of catalysts in the refinery increase the emissions of harmful gases from refineries site. Oxidative regeneration of catalyst involves coke burn-off, thus generating CO, CO2, NOx and SOx, which accumulate in the reactor gas systems. Each of these gases must be treated in downstream process units in order to diminish refinery pollution. In-situ sulfiding, or start-up of the unit with presulfurized catalysts, results in production of hydrogen sulfide in large excess. This dangerous gas, present in both gaseous and liquid streams during unit start-up, is a threat to the operations team; and also requires chemical treatment in downstream units. Refiners committed to environment protection and safer operation will replace these in-situ catalyst treatments with ex-situ treatments, significantly reducing pollution of refinery air and water streams. By choosing both ex-situ regeneration and ex-situ pre-activation via patented technologies now commercially available in the European market, refiners nearly avoid generation and emission of these harmful pollutants. By moving these chemical treatments of the catalyst off-site, the refiner will also reduce the downtime of the units for regeneration and will shorten the start-up procedure. In this paper, we evaluate the emissions during the in-situ regeneration of reforming catalyst and we define the benefits of ex-situ pre-activation of hydroprocessing catalyst by targeting environmental protection and reduced downtime. INTRODUCTION The refining industry recognizes its responsibilities in improving environmental performance. The task is not simple: Petroleum refining needs to stay competitive, while contributing to the global promise to make the planet a cleaner and better place to live. If industrial practice in Europe remains unchanged, the 2012 target set by the Kyoto protocol to lower the overall emission of greenhouse gases to 7% below 1990 levels, will not be achieved. Refineries contribute 2.5 % of EU greenhouse emissions with 100 Mtons of CO2 emitted. According to the Green Paper issued by the European Commission, petroleum refining belongs to the selected industries that can participate in EU-wide emission trading between industrial sectors. However, the problem of greenhouse emissions for refineries is not easy to solve. Refiners have been forced to produce fuels with tighter environmental specifications, which require new, energy-consuming process, to produce these clean fuels. How can refineries cope with the pressures coming from both sides, continue to be profitable, while keeping the environment clean? Perhaps looking outside the refinery fence can help. Petroleum refining uses the crude oil as a raw material, and converts it into commercial products. However, the conversion level is not 100%. Some portion of the crude oil is used as an internal fuel to supply the heat for the processes, while a very small portion enters the waste stream. The refinery is under increasingly stringent regulations to ensure that this waste is processed in an environmentally sound manner to avoid pollution of the air, ground or water. In order to protect their workers and the environment, refiners employ numerous treatments to make these emissions and discharges streams less harmful before leaving the refinery. These treatments do not come cheap. Post-treatments for pollution reduction at the refinery are not always the best answers for pollution reduction. In many cases, pre-treatment is the more complete answer to the problem of pollution. Pre-treatment works on prevention, rather than dealing with consequences. Some of pre-treatments are undertaken outside the refinery, at specialized locations. These facilities handle by-products, emissions and other kinds of waste routinely and efficiently, resulting in less pollution. Catalysts are an essential part of dozens of refining processes. Manufactured at outside facilities, fresh catalysts are shipped to the refiner's site without threat to the refinery's environment. However, the changes that catalysts undergo during their use in petroleum processes require periodic chemical treatments to maintain or restore their ability to perform. Hydroprocessing catalysts have been present in the industry since before World War II, with the objective of removing the sulfur and nitrogen species from fuels. The volumes of HDS catalysts employed at the refineries have been continually increasing, due to more stringent fuel specifications. Hydroprocessing catalysts lose their activity with time, and their relatively high costs drive refiners to use them in repeated cycles by intermittently restoring the major part of their activity. Historically, catalyst activity was restored by in-situ regeneration and in-situ sulfiding. "In-situ" indicates that both chemical treatments were performed in the user's reactor. Fuel oil or fuel gas was burned to supply the heat needed for both regeneration and sulfiding. Regeneration removes coke and reversible poisons like sulfur and nitrogen by oxidizing them into gaseous CO, CO2, SOx and NOx. Sulfiding converts the metal oxides impregnated onto the catalyst support into the corresponding metal sulfides, which is their active form. Sulfiding forms H2S, which can enter the process water as a reaction by-product. Acidic gas streams, as well as water containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide, are removed from the reactor system during or after sulfiding. H2S, CO, SOx and NOx are hazardous materials and the quantities emitted into the air from the refinery are subjected to local regulation. CATALYST REGENERATION In-situ method During the operating cycle, hydroprocessing catalyst accumulates coke. The coke is a condensed compound of carbon and hydrogen with carbon content much higher than in organic species originally present in crude oil. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds are also accumulated on catalyst surface in the coke. Eventually, the accumulation of these compounds results in intolerably high losses in catalyst activity. Coke, sulfur and nitrogen can be removed by oxidative regeneration, resulting in nearly complete activity recovery. At temperatures as high as 400°C, oxygen reacts with carbon, sulfur and nitrogen forming CO, CO2, SOx, NOx. These gases are either purged to the atmosphere or neutralized in close loop. Neutralization is a demanding and timeconsuming process; requiring injection systems, trained operators and time. Years ago, it was an unspoken secret to perform regenerations at night, when the emissions were more difficult to notice. The quantities of pollutants emitted are not difficult to estimate. Spent HDS catalysts have on average about 10 wt% carbon accumulated on the surface and in its pores. In-situ regeneration reduces the carbon level down to 2-3 wt%. A similar calculation can be applied to determine sulfur emissions. The average content on spent catalyst is typically around 6 wt%. If in-situ regeneration reduces sulfur to 2%, 80 tons of HDS catalyst will release 3.2 tons of sulfur upon regeneration. If we assume all of the sulfur is converted to SO2, then 6.4 tons of SO2 are discharged. Of course, catalysts quantities employed can be much higher, and so can the coke and sulfur content on the used catalyst. In fact, as fuel regulations become stricter, both the catalyst quantities employed and the contamination level on spent catalysts tend to increase. In addition to the pollution concerns, unit downtime is a big concern during in-situ regeneration. In-situ regeneration is generally quite time-consuming and frequently becomes the rate-determining step for unit shutdown. In addition, the catalyst may need to be dumped after regeneration to perform reactor maintenance or to screen the catalyst to remove fines. However, in situ regeneration frequently gives poor activity recovery due to uneven gas flow. Often, portions of the bed go unregenerated, while others are exposed to excessive regeneration temperatures. For these reasons, refineries in most of the world (except for remote regions) have largely abandoned the practice of in-situ regeneration of hydroprocessing catalysts. Case study 1: Regeneration of standard noble metal reformer catalyst As just noted, in-situ regeneration of hydroprocessing catalysts has largely disappeared from modern refinery practices. However, refiners continue to regenerate reforming catalyst in-situ. While the emissions of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are minimal during regeneration of these catalysts, many other issues associated with in-situ regeneration are illustrated in this case study. In this example, the coke combustion phase of the regeneration of 50 tons of Pt/Re catalyst lasted for 6 days. Coke was oxidized into CO2. Figure1 shows the quantities of coke burned in the 3 reactors. Total coke burned from the catalyst was 7400 kg. Figure 1 Combustion : Coke burnt in the reactors 0 50


Mediterranean fish species and fish species from other southern countries are retailed increasingly on the German market. The fish is stored in ice eviscerated or as whole fish and imported by truck or by airplane. In the present investigation, the freshness, the sensory quality and the microbiological status was determined of gilthead sea breams (Sparus aurata) from farms in Italy and France and from sea breams (Sparus ehrenbergi) of wild captures from Senegal. It is shown, that farmed gilthead sea breams were of high sensory quality and in good microbiological conditions.


The effects of various gas compositions on roasted spicy chicken (ayam percik) during chill storage under modified atmosphere conditions were studied. Oriented nylon laminated with low density polyethylene (ONy/LLDPE) with 8 μm thickness was used as packaging materials for the ayam percik. To create the modified atmosphere conditions the packages were flushed with normal air (control, T1), 30% CO2 + 70% N2 (T2) and 40% CO2 + 60% N2 (T3). Evaluations were conducted at weekly intervals for microbiological and chemical analysis during chill storage at 2 ± 2 °C. Ayam percik packed in normal air spoiled after 4 weeks as indicated by high microbial counts. When the level of CO2 was increased to 30% and 40% in the headspace of the packages, the shelf life of ayam percik was extended to 7 weeks. *Food Technology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Serdang, P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Authors' full names: Mohd Ariff Wahid, Faridah Abd. Aziz, Siah Watt Moey, Noor Azizah Ahmad and Wan Latifah Wan Ismail E-mail: email@example.com ©Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 201


The article by Earle and colleagues provides important observations for stakeholders interested in system-level quality improvement [1]. The authors report that stage II colon cancer patients treated at National Cancer Institute comprehensive cancer centers had a fourfold greater odds of undergoing chemotherapy if <12 lymph nodes were evaluated in their surgical specimen. The authors encourage greater efforts to ensure at least 12 lymph nodes are examined in all patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. They conclude that such efforts will lead to fewer patients with stage II colon cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is also possible that such efforts may result in the failure to identify high-risk stage II patients who may benefit from such treatments. The logic of the authors is correct if one assumes that the association between improved survival and increased lymph node counts seen repeatedly in stage II patients is largely due to understaging—node positive or stage III patients are misidentified as stage II patients due to the inadequate surgical removal or pathologic examination of lymph nodes. But evidence suggests that such understaging occurs in a very small percentage of patients with low lymph node counts [2,3]. Using data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program, we recently found that counting more than six nodes did not increase the odds of identifying node positive patients [4]. Moreover, as lymph node counts increase, slightly higher rates of node positivity are disproportionate to the marked improvements in patient survival [5]. It is likely there are patient or tumor factors that promote lymph node growth, facilitate lymph node counting, and improve patient survival. Paradoxically, encouraging intense efforts to increase lymph node counts, for example, with the use of fat-clearing solutions, may inadvertently reduce our ability to prognosticate and deliver chemotherapy to stage II patients at greatest risk of relapse (i.e., those with relatively low lymph node counts). As a way to deal with the confusing phenomenon of potential understaging in stage II colon cancer patients, we have previously promoted standardized pathologic assessment for all patients [6]. For example, surgical specimens of all or no patients should be treated with de-fatting solutions, regardless of lymph node count. Related to the importance of standardization in cancer care are the reported rates of chemotherapy use among the eight institutions contributing patients to this current study. Rates ranged from 17% to 64% (P< 0.05). Such variations likely reflect varying clinician enthusiasm for chemotherapy use among stage II patients, rather than patient choice or evidencebased care. Standardizing radiology, surgery, pathology, radiation, and chemotherapy practices will be a key advance in treating patients with colorectal cancer—we are not there yet.


Lecture halls, an enduring feature of higher education landscapes, are undergoing a spatial revolution. These materialize a pedagogic imaginary of technology-enhanced, student-centered learning. This article investigates the pedagogic performance of a contemporary lecture theater in regional Australia, presenting mixed-method data from a broader case study. Four design principles – learner-centricity, connectivity, flexibility, and affordances – organize the analysis, finding that spaces, technologies, staff, and students work in conjunction to perform a spectrum of teaching modes. In practice, staff pedagogic repertoires, spatial literacies, and teaching philosophies entangle in socio-spatial pedagogic relationships that facilitate, rather than dictate, student learning in lecturing spaces.


This article discusses the quality assessment of binary images. The customary, ground truth based methodology, used in the literature is shown to be problematic due to its subjective nature. Several previously suggested alternatives are surveyed and are also found to be inadequate in certain scenarios. A new approach, quantifying the adherence of a binarization to its document image is proposed and tested using six different measures of accuracy. The measures are evaluated experimentally based on datasets from DIBCO and H-DIBCO competitions, with respect to different kinds of binarization degradations.


Anthropogenic noise sources impact ecological processes by altering wildlife behavior and interactions with cascading impacts on community structure. The distribution and magnitude of such noise has grown exponentially over the past century, and now inundates even remote areas. Here we investigate biological responses to prolific, anthropogenic noise sources associated with the physical presence of the source (vehicle noise and human voices) and disconnected from it (aircraft overflight). Bioacoustic responses to these noise sources were documented at 103 sites in 40 U. S. National Park units. The presence of bird sounds was noted in 10-s audio samples every 2 min, for 8 days at each site and related to the presence of human voices, vehicle noise, and aircraft noise in the same and preceding samples. Generalized additive models were used to fit smoothing splines to weight the influence of noise in past samples on the probability of detecting bird sounds in the present sample. We found that the probability of hearing birds increased immediately following noise events, and decreased about 2 h after the event. The negative effects were persistent more than 3 h after a noise event. The persistence of these responses – especially for noise from jets that were many kilometers distant – raises questions about the functional significance and ecological consequences of this altered activity, particularly in light of the widespread and diverse habitats in this study and ubiquity of the noise sources evaluated.


Abstract Some new 5-benzylidene derivatives (II) have been synthesized by condensing I with benzaldehyde in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate and several 5-p-dimethylaminobenzylidene derivatives. (III) have been synthesized by condensing I with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in the presence of pyridine. Some selected arylidene derivatives have been tested for their nematicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal and herbicidal activities.


Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile compounds in traditional hurood cheese samples collected from different regions of Inner Mongolia. A total of 84 volatile flavor compounds were identified in the six hurood samples tested, and the major compounds included short- and medium-chain fatty acids, esters, and ketones. Significant differences were found in the volatile flavor components of the hurood samples that had different manufacturing processes and storage times. Fatty acids and esters were the major volatile components in the sour hurood sample B1. For white hurood sample W1, the dominant compounds were fatty acids and alcohols, and the alkene and heterocyclic compound contents in these samples were higher than those in other samples. Fatty acids and ketones were the major compounds in fresh white hurood sample W2. Cooked hurood samples X1 and X2, both with different storage times, showed a relatively high content of fatty acids, and freshly prepared cooked hurood sample X2 had relatively


The goal of this paper is to investigate and compare the
structural and dynamical characteristics of the Czech and
Hungarian economy. The focus lies mainly on the examination of
the development of key labor market variables. We also want to
capture the changes that occurred due to the Great Recession in
2008. We estimate a DSGE model with search and matching
frictions, price and wage rigidities and hiring costs. The
monetary authority sets the nominal interest rates according to
a Taylor-type rule. The wages setting mechanism and hours
worked are the result of the Nash bargaining process. This
model is estimated for the quarterly data of the Czech Republic
and Hungary for the period 2001Q2 – 2014Q4. The results show
that the reactions of variables to monetary shock are larger in
the Czech Republic. This suggests that the monetary policy is
less efficient in Hungary during the examined period. The
bargaining power of workers is stronger in the Czech economy.
This coefficient is smaller in Hungary, which is in line with
the low trade union participation of workers. The model shows
the preference, foreign and disutility from work shocks to be
the main cause of the Great Recession in both countries.


EVOLUTION. Nature as a Basis for Design. Principles of Evolutionary Architecture. LESSONS FROM NATURE. Natural Forms. Design Research Experiments. THE ARCHITECTURE. Selected Works. Projects Not Yet Built. A Closing Message from the Author. Bibliography. Chronology--Eugene Tsui. About the Author. Index.


Some generalizations of Dunn's index for validation of crisp clusters are discussed. Numerical examples suggest that this index, which uses the standard measures for inter-set distance and set diameter can be improved by using differentfunctions for either or both of these operators.


ABSTRACT
 The Guadix-Baza Basin (Granada, southern Spain) represents one of the best continental records from the late Miocene to the middle Pleistocene in western Europe, but stratigraphic gaps are present in the early Pliocene due to the scarcity of sites from this time. In this article, rodent fossils from the locality of Baza-1 are described, providing new information on a time interval that was previously poorly known. The assemblage includes representatives of the genera Ruscinomys, Apocricetus, Stephanomys, Apodemus, Castillomys, Paraethomys, Occitanomys, Eliomys, Debruijnimys, and Trilophomys, an association that indicates an early Ruscinian age (MN14). A paleoecological analysis indicates that the Guadix-Baza Basin landscape during the early Pliocene was dominated by open herbaceous habitat under warm and dry climatic conditions. Our results contribute to the continuity of the stratigraphic record from the Betic Mountain range.


Throughout the ages there has been a fascination (n.魅力)with Jew.People have questioned the"miracle of the continual existence of the Jewish people"—after their suffering of constant persecution (n.迫害)and ridicule(n.嘲讽).All over the world the Jews are well-known as their Intelligence and talent in business,and also as their history of


1. In the presence of artery-to-artery and veinto-vein anastomoses in the monochorionic placenta, the early pressure flow in the placental artery of one twin may exceed that of From the Department of Perinatology, Clinics of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Haseki Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, and the Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. Correspondence: Cem Dane, MD, Emlakbank Bloklari B:1 D: 12, Vatan caddesi Fatih/Istanbul, 34091 Turkey. E-mail: cemdane@ yahoo.com.


The overall heat transfer rates to stationary spheres of highly-polished molybdenum (2 to 5.6 mm in diameter) in a confined argon plasma jet were experimentally measured. The effects of large temperature differences and large variations of the fluid property on the heat transfer process are investigated. The sphere Reynolds number range between 10 and 80, and the sphere temperature between 1,200 K and 2,400 K, with temperature differences between the gas and the sphere in excess of 2,000 K. These conditions are within the range commonly encountered in industrial plasma processing. The experimental values of the heat transfer coefficients are in reasonably good agreement with the predictions of a theoretical analysis of variable-property flow and heat transfer previously reported by the authors.


ZnO thin film has been epitaxially grown on the (111) plane of the diamond substrate by rf magnetron sputtering at substrate temperature as low as 260 °C. The crystallinity was examined by x‐ray diffraction and reflection high‐energy electron diffraction. It was found that the smallest standard deviation angle estimated from the x‐ray rocking curve of the ZnO(0002) peak was 0.27° whereas the mismatch of the lattice parameter between film and substrate is 28.8%. The epitaxial relationship between ZnO film and the diamond is determined as [1120] ZnO//[101] diamond.


your subjective probability function is concentrated at finitely many points, you can be enticed into an infinite sequence of simple and conditional bets whose cumulative effect will be that you sustain a net loss in every possible situation. Now it is surely unreasonable to suppose that our degrees of rational belief are concentrated at finitely many points, for it would be foolhardy to imagine that we know so very much that we are able to rule out, with probability one, all but finitely many possible ways the world might be. Assuming, as is often done, that vulnerability to a Dutch book2 is a sure sign of irrationality, we find ourselves driven to the cheerless conclusion that, in situations in which there can be infinitely many bets over an unbounded utility scale, no rational plan of action is available. Let me emphasize that the system of bets we shall examine provides more than just an arrangement in which you sustain a net loss with probability one. The change in your utility will be defined and negative in every possible situation, where 'possible situation' is understood as liberally as possible: A set of sentences describes a possible situation if it is consistent by the sentential calculus. There is no failure of compactness here,3 no use of infinitary logic - the conjunctions and disjunctions we employ are all 1 An equivalent condition is that the range of the probability function is a finite set of numbers Another equivalent is that there is a finite set of sentences such that every sentence is equivalent, with probability one, to a member of the finite set.


Glass appears to be an ordinary material with wide applications in daily life and industry; however, its formation mechanism, phase transition and microscopic structure remain mysterious. It is accepted to be an amorphous solid exhibiting glass transition, with short-range (<6–8 Å) order, but long-range (>20 Å) disorder structures [1]. Experimental determination of the structure of glass is crucial to understand its dynamic and physical properties. 'What is the nature of glass?' is oneof themost fundamental and challenging scientific questions [1]. Recently, in addition to traditional inorganic, metallic and organic glasses, a fourth category of glass has been identified, derived from crystalline metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) and the subset of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Understanding this newcomer to the glass world is fundamentally important in attempts to understand the 'bigger picture' of the nature of glass [1–4]. Very recently, an international team led by Prof. Y. Z. Yue and Prof. S. Sen revealed the short-range structure within MOF glass, using solid-state 67Zn MAS NMR with the most powerful magnetic field of 35.2 T at the National HighMagnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) [5]. They analyzed experimental NMR spectra of both crystalline and glassy samples derived from ZIF-4 and ZIF-62 (Fig. 1). Two Zn sites with different distortions were identified in the ZIF crystals. Significant broadening and lowering of chemical shifts for the 67Zn resonance peaks were observed in the ZIF glass, indicating great geometry distortion of the Zn[ligand]4 tetrahedra. Melting yielded a continuous Zn site and N-Zn-N angles distribution, and subsequent quenching 'trapped' the glass state. Thus, the network structure of the glass becomes highly disordered in short, intermediate and long ranges. Disappearance of the two distinct Zn sites characteristic of the ZIF crystals upon melting and vitrification indicates that scission and renewal of the Zn–N bonds upon melting causes structural reconstruction. The considerably weak coordination bonds and bulky nature of the organic linkers with steric hindrance in the ZIF glass synergistically


Social networks are extensively exploited by third-party consumers such as researchers and advertisers to understand user characteristics and behaviors. In general, before network data is published, sensitive relationships should be anonymized to prevent the compromise of individual privacy. To quantify the guarantee level of privacy-preserving mechanisms and mitigate users' privacy concerns, numerous studies concerning network data de-anonymization have been carried out. However, most existing studies focus on single-view data, and privacy protection for multi-view data that is ubiquitous in the era of big data has not been yet extensively explored. In this study, we are interested in answering the following question: Are the traditional privacy protection methods still valid for the anonymization of multi-view data? In this study, we propose a Multi-View Low-Rank Coding (MVLRC) based network data de-anonymization framework to assess the vulnerability of privacy protection techniques by accurately reconstructing a large portion of the original data. Specifically, the framework assumes that in principle, the target and auxiliary networks have common structural patterns, and they can be modeled together to infer the hidden structure of the target network. The essential components of our work include the following: (1) a robust network representation model for structural pattern learning; (2) the network representation based multi-view modeling of target network and auxiliary network; (3) the inference of the anonymized links via target network reconstruction. Experimental results on synthetic networks and three real-world networks demonstrate that auxiliary networks can be utilized by malicious adversaries for privacy inference attacks. Thus, the privacy protection of multi-view network data needs more sophisticated anonymization techniques.


The initial discovery of rapamycin as an antifungal agent from the extract of an Easter Island soil sample in 1975 and the subsequent identification of its enzymatic target, aptly named target of rapamycin (TOR), set the stage for establishing a role for this serine-threonine kinase in neoplastic transformation and progression of human cancer. Since this initial discovery, alterations in the mammalian ortholog of TOR (mTOR) signaling and its canonical upstream activators, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and the mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/ extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathways, have been reported to occur frequently in cancers. The activation of mTOR occurring through these 2 signaling cascades is initiated either by nutrient deficiency or through binding of growth factors to their cognate receptors. Downstream relay of the initiating signals occurs through the activation of PI3K/AKT or MEK/ERK pathways to 2 multiprotein complexes with independent regulatory function. These complexes comprise a multiprotein scaffold that includes mTOR protein along with either raptor or rictor to form the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), respectively. Targeting the mTOR signaling pathway as an anticancer strategy has become standard practice for select tumor types. Derivatives of rapamycin such as temsirolimus and everolimus, which are allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1, have become established as effective anticancer agents in specific tumor types, including breast cancer, kidney cancer, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these "rapalogs" is modest, is often limited to only subsets of patients, and is not durable. The main challenge with the clinical use of these mTOR inhibitors is the lack of a reliable biomarker to accurately identify the patient subset most likely to benefit from treatment. Furthermore, the development of resistance within a relatively short duration of therapy limits the overall benefit in responding patients. Parallel and complementary approaches to improve on the efficacy of allosteric mTOR inhibitors have included attempts at biomarker identification using preclinical and translational approaches, the development of a new class of agents targeting mTOR, and combination therapy. Although the biomarker development has met with little success, alternative therapeutic approaches have been more successful. Activated mTORC1 phosphorylates its downstream effector kinases, p70S6K and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), leading to increased ribogenesis and cap-dependent translation as well as inhibition of autophagy. On the other hand, the role of mTORC2 in the normal physiologic function of nontransformed cells is not well known but it is implicated in neoplastic transformation of cancer cells. mTORC2 is activated by PI3K to exert direct control on cellular metabolism and survival by phosphorylating the AGC kinases, AKT, SGK, and PKC. More importantly, unopposed mTORC2 activity leading to direct phosphorylation on Ser473 of AKT mediates resistance to rapalogs, which only target mTORC1. In addition to mediating treatment resistance, the significant cross-talk and feedback loops between mTORC1 and mTORC2 have potential impact on optimal treatment efficacy. In preclinical studies, isolated mTORC1 inhibition failed to induce significant apoptosis, whereas marked apoptosis occurred with mTORC2 and PI3K/AKT inhibitors. Concurrent inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 or the combination with inhibitors of other upstream mediators such as PI3K and MEK/ERK also resulted in significantly increased efficacy and apoptosis in hematologic and solid malignancies. The development of a new class of ATP competitive active site inhibitors of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes (TORKinibs) is a 2-pronged approach that is expected to delay resistance and enhance efficacy. This strategy has robust preclinical support and is being pursued actively in the clinic. In this issue of Cancer, Bendell et al present the first


The newsboy problem has always been an important issue in inventory management.The exiting substitutable newsboy models always describe and measure demand with probability and distribution function.However,in reality,it is often difficult to exactly characterize the demand.This paper considers the online newsboy problem with one-way substitution and unknown demand information.It presents an online order strategy for this problem with a matching optimal competitive ratio.The numerical example demonstrates that the strategy is reasonable and effective.


Banks are under criticism that their business models are not adequately sustainable and also that they do not contribute largely to the resolution of the big issues of humanity. For this, banks seek eagerly to develop sustainable and socially responsible strategies as a means for supporting their public image, establishing trusted relationships with society and increasing customer loyalty. Greek banks implement such strategies; however, they seem to have image issues due to the harsh and extended economic crisis that occurred in the country, as well as their policies of the past. It is interesting to investigate the impact of such activities undertaken by institutions with a damaged image, an area that does not seem to have been investigated yet in the relevant literature. The purpose of the paper is to record the supporting activities in culture of the Greek banks and explore the public's attitude towards them. The research method combines a content analysis on the banks' websites and published annual reports to specify their actions in culture, and a structured survey to investigate the evaluation of these actions by the public. The findings of this study reveal that the Greek banks pay much attention to the support of culture. These activities have a positive impact on the public's attitude towards them, but not on customer loyalty.


One indicator of clean and healthy living behavior is washing hands with soap. Washing hands with soap is one of the most effective ways to prevent diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections. Data from public health Office in Jambi city 2017, the number of diarrhea in Jambi city was 3,745 people. The public health center Simpang Kawat is the public health center which has a large number of diarrhea fourth highest of 20 the public health center in Jambi city as many as 182 people one of schools in the public health center Simpang Kawat area is SD N 19 Jambi city. This study used descriptive method to determine the description of motivation and the role of parents about washing hands with soap on students at SD N 19 Jambi city year 2019. It was conducted at SD N 19 Jambi city on August 06th 2019. Populations were students class VI as many as 45 students. Samples used Total Sampling technique. The instrument used questionnaire. The collecting of data used questionnaire and analyzed as univariate.  The findings indicated that from 45 respondents most of them have good motivation that is 24 respondents (53.3%) and 26 respondents (57.8%) have good role of parents. Most of respondents have good motivation and good role of parents. For the personals of school to provide complete facilities and infrastructure that are used for students in schools so they can wash their hands with soap.


Through numerical simulation method this paper studies the relationship of the average temperature of the three/four-row-pipe straight frozen soil wall with the thickness of frozen soil wall,the distance between pipes and rows,the arrangement form of freezing pipes and the row number of freezing pipes respectively.By way of analyzing the temperature field characteristics of multi-rowpipe straight frozen soil wall,this paper proposes a new calculation method of the average temperature by mathematical splicing method and equivalent method.The comparison between the results of calculation method and numerical simulation method proves that the calculation method has a better applicability and a higher accuracy.


Subtitle: While much progress has been made in strengthening the legal aviation security regime, the widespread ratification of legal instruments remains a crucial goal that calls for greater cooperation between international organizations.


BACKGROUND
Alcohol use is on the rise among women in the United States which is especially concerning since women who drink have a higher risk of alcohol-related problems. Orexin (hypocretin) receptor antagonists may have some therapeutic value for alcohol-induced insomnia, however the use of this class of drugs following female adolescent binge drinking is limited. The current study will address whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) in female rats can result in lasting changes in sleep pathology and whether orexin-targeted treatment can alleviate these deficits.

METHODS
Following a 5-week AIE vapor model, young adult rats were evaluated on waking event-related oscillations (EROs) and EEG sleep. Subsequently, AIE rats were treated with orexin receptor 2 (OX2 R) antagonist (MK-1064; 10, 20 mg/kg) to test for modifications in sleep pathology and waking ERO.

RESULTS
Female AIE rats exhibited lasting changes in sleep compared to controls. This was demonstrated by increased fragmentation of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, as well as reductions in delta and theta power during SWS. There was no impact of AIE on waking EROs. Acute MK-1064 hastened SWS onset and increased the number of SWS episodes, without increasing sleep fragmentation in AIE and controls. While treatment with MK-1064 did not impact sleep EEG spectra, waking ERO energy was increased in delta, theta and beta frequency bands.

CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that AIE can produce lasting changes in sleep in female rats, highly similar to what we previously found in males. Additionally, while the OX2 R antagonist promoted sleep in both alcohol-exposed and unexposed rats, it did not reverse most of the alcohol-induced disruptions in sleep. Thus, OX2 R antagonism may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of insomnia, but not the specific signs of alcohol-induced insomnia.


This study was conducted in the River Nile State during the year 2010 to study changes in servical and seminal cytology in association with infertility, using Papnicolaou (Pap) technique. Seventy couples suffering from primary (51 cases) or secondary (19 cases) infertility as well as 30 fertile couples were investigated. The age of the participant ranges from18 to 66 years with a mean age of 36 years. Cytological assessment of servical smears of infertile wives revealed 66 (94.3 %) of the 70 samples had cytological changes: bacteria was seen in 28 (40%) of cases, fungi (monilia) in 9 (12.9%), inflammatory cell in 16 (22.9 %) and cellular atypia in 6 (8.6%) of total number of samples. Cytological changes indicative of HPV or HSV infection were observed in 5 (7.1%) and 2 (2.9%) of the smears respectively. The results of the husband semen smears assessment showed that 27 (38.6 %) had normal cytology, 22 (31.4 %) showed presence of bacteria, 20 (30%) had inflammatory cells and 36 (51.4%) exhibit smear of abnormal morphology. It can be concluded from this study that, bacterial, fungal and/or viral infections may constitute important risk factors for infertility in the Sudan and cytological techniques are very useful in disclosing these factors.


Economic development in some country towns of South Australia is curtailed by a lack of reticulated water. Greater use of local water resources, especially second class water, can release the reticulated potable water for new development. The major constraint to assessment is the hydrological data available, and several methods were used to estimate runoff from rainfall. Options investigated include rainwater tanks, enlarging the connected roof area, reuse of sewage effluents for irrigation, catchment sealing to increase runoff, reducing evaporation using floating covers, artificial recharge of groundwater and demand reduction using water saving devices. The less expensive options cannot meet all the water needs, and a mix of schemes is required. Conjunctive use can also increase the water yield. Costs of water harvesting can be shared by multiple use of facilities.


An analog closed loop feedback system for improving the transmit to receive isolation of a generic circulator is described. The RF section of the circuit utilizes barium strontium titanate (BST) varactors to realize an antenna port tuner that reflects transmit power back into the circulator at the correct amplitude and phase to cancel the transmit signal leaking into the receiver port. Closed loop operation of the tuner is demonstrated using an Op Amp controller and a logarithmic detector at the receiver port. More than 33dB of additional self-interference cancellation was observed over that of the circulator for a 30MHz bandwidth QPSK transmit signal centered at 930MHz.