—Paving the way for advanced cognitive technologies and applications, an ontology for automated cognition, cognitics, has been proposed. Starting in a pragmatic way from where we stand, in particular with humans creating robots, progressing with distributed axioms, navigating through small contexts in direction of selected goals (design of high performance machines, of robots cooperating with humans, and better understanding of cognition in humans), we adopt an incremental, constructivist approach, in conceptual and operational frameworks. Discussion is made in the current paper of a number of cognitive notions including those of reality, time and revisited "speed", change and discontinuity, innate and learned behaviors, as well as the human-inspired basics of communication in a group. These newly defined notions conveniently complement the existing Model for Cognitive Sciences ontology. All these elements confirm the rightness of our current approaches in solving concrete Artificial Intelligence problems and this is illustrated below by some concrete examples taken in domestic context, including robots capable of learning.


The structure of the title compound, bis(4-hydroxyphenylammonium) dihydrogen diphosphate monohydrate, 2C 6 H 8 NO + .H 2 P 2 O 7 2- .H 2 O, consists of alternately stacked organic and inorganic sheets connected by a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds. NH...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds are responsible for the cohesion in the inorganic sheets.


The invention relates to a piece of furniture (10), in particular a kitchen furniture, comprising a body (7), accommodated in a body (7) extract (1) and a pull-out device. The pull-out device comprises at least one bearing (3) for slidably supporting the drawer (1). Means of a cable is a lowering of the drawer (1) engages by at least partially compensating for the extract (1) gravity-induced torque (14) counteracted when the drawer (1) from the body (7) is extended. Here, a pull rope (5) of the cable pull in such a way advantageous to mounting points (4a, 4b) attached to opposite tensile forces are generated, the hoisting rope (5) by means of a deflection device (6a, 6b) is deflected accordingly.


SUMMARY

The effect of cultivations on the spread of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici from a line source of inoculum, consisting of naturally infected stubble and roots, was recorded in the field over 2 yr. With the aid of cultivations, spread in the first wheat crop occurred frequently to a distance of 0·9 m and occasionally to a distance of 2·5 m. However, the following wheat crop was uniformly infected, probably as a result of a rapid build-up of background inoculum in the first wheat, so that any spread by cultivations was masked.


The technique of steganography in text domain is widely employed because of any agreement, report and any other important documents are in form of text, whereas other mediums usually use entertainment environment. One of steganography categories in the medium of text is called text steganography. It conceals hidden message with embedding the text via various methods used could be horizontally shifting, vertically shifting, or based on the letter of text structures. Many researchers highly utilize the feature-based technique to cover hidden message based on uniqueness of letter. This paper concerned about analysed the feature-based text steganography method by using evaluation performance in form of verification and validation through the implementation of feature-based technique in text steganography.


Objective: Optimization of conditions for cholesterol oxidase production by the microorganism isolated from urban compost and dairy soil samples. Methods: Isolates were obtained on the basis of their capability of growing on isolation medium A and B and their cholesterol oxidase (CHO) production was estimated. CHO production was optimized by the optimization of temperature, pH, carbon sources, and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. Results: 3 isolates out of 22 were found to secrete extracellular CHO as detected by cholesterol oxidase indicator plate A and were designated as cholesterol oxidase producing isolate 1, 2 and 3 (COP 1, COP 2 and COP 3). Results showed that the strain COP 2 belonging to the genus Rhodococcus sp. based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics recorded highest cholesterol oxidase activity. Optimum temperature and pH for CHO activity were found to be 35 °C and 7.5 respectively. Steroidal substrate cholesterol produced a significant increase in CHO level (0.502 IU/ml). Organic and inorganic nitrogen sources were supplemented in combinations leads to increase in CHO production as compared to individual components. (NH 4 )2HPO 4 and yeast extract supported the highest enzyme production (0.574 IU/ml). Conclusion: The isolate COP 2 produced significant levels of cholesterol oxidase extracellularly in optimized medium as compared to cell bound CHO, and can be easily produced on an industrial scale.


Very large plasma potential oscillations in the plume of hollow cathode discharges were previously reported and correlated to the production of energetic ions in the neighborhood of the cathode exit. These energetic ions are likely the cause of keeper erosion issues observed in ion thrusters. The transition from the "quiescent" spot-mode to the "noisy" plume mode associated with high erosion rates was found to be a continuous increase in the plasma potential oscillation level as the gas flow was reduced or the current level increased. The large plasma potential oscillations are likely produced by turbulent ion acoustic waves, which are typically current driven and damped at low Mach numbers by Landau damping and by collisional effects, or by ionization instabilities generated in the hollow cathode discharge plasma near the cathode exit. It was found that injection of cold neutral gas directly into the cathode plume region near the keeper by an exterior gas feed could quench the oscillations and significantly reduce the number of high energy ions produced. This also greatly reduced the amount of gas required to be injected through the hollow cathode, which increases the plasma contact area with the emitting insert surface inside the cathode. These results indicate that energetic ion production and plume mode oscillations are due to instabilities in the cathode plume external to the hollow cathode.


ABSTRACT IMPACT: Analyzing the types of technical assistance (basic, targeted or intensive) provided by the Opioid Response Network (ORN) to unique and hard-to-reach populations (UHRP) informs addiction health services and translational research by identifying technical assistance needs in these populations which may require a higher level of intensity. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To improve ORN dissemination and implementation efforts, the project classifies TA requests into one of three categories: basic, targeted, and intensive. This TA Framework assists the ORN project team in understanding the level of TA required in the delivery of evidence-based practices to address opioids with communities with respect to UHRP. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: TA requests from April 1, 2019, to April 1, 2020, were selected. The ORN classifies TA requests in one of three categories: basic (dissemination & brief consultation), targeted (services to enhance readiness and capacity), and intensive (full incorporation of innovation considering context, culture, and linguistics) (Fixsen, et. al., 2009; Becker, et al., 2020). Unique and hard-to-reach populations (UHRP) are defined based on physical location (i.e., remote or isolated), social position, or other vulnerabilities (i.e. member of an ethnic or racial minority group) (Thurman, & Harrison, 2020). ORN classifies 26 types of UHRP these types are not mutually exclusive. A frequency analysis of the UHRP types was conducted. Bivariate correlations between UHRP types that had a minimum of 30 cases were performed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 746 TA requests selected, 226 had missing information about UHRP types and 29 had missing information TA levels. These requests were excluded from the frequency analysis. The three most common UHRP types were people living in rural or remote areas (n=262, 50%), people who are uninsured or underinsured (n=162, 31%), and people who inject drugs (n=158, 30%). Most TA requests were targeted (69%), 23% were intensive, and 9% were basic. Bivariate correlations were performed between 21 UHRP types. Moderate (Pearson's r=0.4-0.6) or strong correlations (r>0.6) were found for 11 occurrences for the UHRP type of 'LGBT', 8 for 'Mental Illness', and 7 for 'Veterans'. Strong correlations were found between 'Justice Involved' and 'Incarcerated' (r=0.645), and between 'Disabilities' and 'Chronic Pain' (r=0.603). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: There were more TA requests at targeted and intensive levels than basic levels suggesting the need for services to enhance readiness and build capacity. The moderate/strong correlations indicate that UHRP types were likely to coexist with other types. Future research can explore combining UHRP types that have moderate/strong correlations.


The importance of the study on buckling performance was presented. The mathematical model, used to calculate the buckling critical force of compliant parallel four-bar mechanism with right-angle-notch flexure hinges, was established with the approximative differential equations of the flexible curve based on the bending theory in strength of materials. The buckling critical force of the sample was tested on the simple and reliable experimental equipment. Meanwhile, the nonlinear buckling analysis was carried out using the finite element model (FEM) method. The values of the buckling critical forces obtained from the calculation of the mathematical model above, from the experimentation and from the simulation all met well except the slight errors among them, which indicates the correctness of the mathematical model. Moreover, the sources of error were traced and validated the error's existence. In summary, the mathematical model proposed above has high value for reference in buckling optimization design of compliant parallel four-bar mechanism.


Parallel Optical Burst Switching (POBS) is a variant of Optical Burst Switching (OBS) which is proposed as a new optical switching strategy for Ultra-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (U-DWDM) to support the enormous bandwidth demand of the next generation Internet. As opposed to OBS, POBS transmits bursts in two dimensions: the wavelength dimension and the time dimension. POBS network uses an one-way resource reservation mechanism to set up the resources for each data burst transmission. The use of this mechanism may cause bursts to contend for the same resources at the same time at core (intermediate) nodes of the network. Therefore, the performance of POBS networks depends on the contention resolution policies to reach acceptable levels for bandwidth usage. These policies may increase both the cost and complexities of the core nodes in POBS networks. Most literatures on OBS networks apply contention resolution at the core nodes based on reactive strategies that are activated after contention takes place in core nodes. This study proposes the use of a proactive contention resolution technique at ingress nodes of POBS network as well as reactive contention resolution technique at core nodes for reducing the probability of burst drop in the network in order to increase the performance of the network. The simulation results show that the use of POBS network with the proposed Reactive Odd/Even Node ID Wavelength Assignment Technique (POBS-ROENIDWAT) shows a better performance in terms of reduced data loss rate and increased throughput compared to the performances of both POBS network with Sequential Wavelength Assignment Technique (POBS-SWAT) and OBS network with Burst Segmentation (OBS- BS).


This paper presents a preliminary analysis of goods movement along the Southern California transport corridors, such as the I-710 freeway. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tool is used in the analysis. The analysis involves a comparison of truck and passenger car traffic, estimation of accident rate, and identification of segments with high potential for accidents. The results of the analysis could serve as a foundation for developing risk estimates and as a basis for developing policy changes associated with goods movement in Southern California.


The purpose of this article is to examine issues related to resource sharing among libraries within the context of world knowledge needs, economic and publishing realities, and the intersection of conflicting interests of stakeholders in the scholarly communications system as it moves into an increasingly electronic environment. The author surveys the emergence of distinctive attitudes and localized solutions to practical challenges faced by librarians and publishers under the impact of electronic documents, and considers the kinds of technical solutions and impacts that might be expected in the future.


Balsalazide is a 5‐aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) pro‐drug which has an inert carrier molecule instead of the sulfapyridine moiety of sulfasalazine. It is designed to deliver 5‐aminosalicylic acid to the colonic mucosa without the sulfapyridine‐associated side‐effects encountered with sulfasalazine.


Objective To test the hypothesis that a simplified septal linear ablation could be as effective as more complicated maze ablation in eliminating atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Two groups of dogs were studied. Group Ⅰ ( n =13) underwent temperature controlled endocardial linear ablation across the thick septal portion in front of fossa ovalis (FO) at close chest state. Group Ⅱ ( n =6) underwent maze ablation by a stepwise approach along the left and right atria at an open chest state. Sustained AF (15 min) was induced by burst pacing during intravenous infusion of methacholine. Electrophysiological parameters were recorded before and after ablation.Results In group Ⅰ, two dogs died during methacholine infusion prior to ablation. Sustained AF became noninducible after septal ablation in 8 dogs during infusion of methacholine (3 0 μg·kg -1 ·min -1 ). After septal radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), one dog had sustained atrial flutter (15 minutes) induced by burst atrial pacing. No atrial flutter occured after a lesion between the tricuspid annulus and inferior vena cava was created. Sustained AF was still inducible by infusion of methacholine of a high dose in 2. In group Ⅱ, one dog died of ventricular fibrillation during the open chest procedure. Left sided ablation along pulmonary vein orifices did not inhibit the induction of sustained AF in 5, while RFCA lesions located at right atria succeeded in two dogs. Furthermore, only one dog could be induced sustained AF after applying RFCA lesion at the region of Bachmann branch. No difference in success rate was found between maze and septal ablation. The atrial effective refractory period was prolonged ( P 0 05) at all tested sites in group Ⅱ and only at FO in group Ⅰ. Conclusions The septal ablation has similar effect as atrial maze ablation to eliminate AF mediated by vagal activity. It may also be useful for ablation of human AF with identical critical site at atrial septum.


High performance polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer (PCSP) was synthesized with acrylic acid (AA), polyethylene glycol allyl ether (APEG) and one monomer of methyl acrylate (MA), methacrylate acid (MAA), acrylamide (AM), and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Ammonium persulfate and thioglycolic acid, as an initiator and a molecular weight regulator respectively, were used for radical polymerization in aqueous solution. Influence of superplasticizer on the cement fluidity of grout was investigated. The results showed that plasticizer admixture compounded with EGDMA-APEG-AA had excellent dispersibility and slump retention.


I employ a human subject experiment to assess the relationship between nuclear proliferation and war. I develop a game-theoretic model to predict crisis behavior following four scenarios of dyadic nuclear acquisition. By varying the cash payments allotted to different outcomes, I experimentally alter the payoffs of the participants. Subjects compete for cash payments by playing a competitive game based on the model. The experimental variation (altering the cash payments) allows for an exploration of the difference between nuclear armament scenarios. Tentative results suggest that asymmetric nuclear acquisition would be dangerous. Yet, serious limits exist to the generalizability of experiments on nuclear proliferation, due to the gap between the laboratory setting and actual nuclear decision-making.

http://web.mit.edu/sabrevln/Public/GameTheory/International Interactions/Asymmetric Proliferation and Nuclear War -- The Limited Usefulness of an Experimental Test.pdf


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of additional nucleus insertion and its corresponding position on the shell growth of Pteria penguin as well as the thickness of the resulting mabé pearls. The treatment applied was the insertions of nucleus: A (one into the left shell), B (two into the left shell), and C (one into each sides of the shell). After 4 mo of culture, the growth and structure of the layers in the pearl were observed. The development of pearl layers was observed using scanning electron microscope. Results show that the number of nuclei implanted in the shell has no significant impact on shell growth or thickness as well as the number of aragonite layers of mabé pearls. Growth data show changes in oyster shell height, length, and thickness of 11.55–14.78, 18.48–22.05, and 2.59–6.14 mm, respectively, for all treatments. The average thickness of nacre was 0.29–0.33 and 0.19–0.22 µm for the base and top of resulting mabé pearls, respectively. In general, the addition of two nuclei in a single pearl oyster can be used to increase mabé pearl production in the coastal areas of Palabusa Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which is suitable for the growth of pearl oysters.


An optical disk recording and playback system was developed for mass data storage which utilizes 14 inch diametyy disks permanently housed in cartridges. Sixty-eight disks with a storage capacity of 10 user bits per side per disk are located in storage and may be accessed within six seconds or less. To access a disk, a cartridge is cycled from storage, through a transport position and then onto a load station. From this position, the disk is loaded onto a turntable where digital data may be accessed at a ratelof 100 Mb/s. The enhanced approach utilizes the previously reported upon jukebox concept , however, with an optimized system approach. All optical elements, as well as the translation stage, which dynamically positions the focusing head, are located above the optical table for ease of accessibility and maintainability. The disk itself is suspended and sealed in a .32 inch thick cartridge. The profile of the cartridge is ideally suited for mass storage applications, where volume growth of stored cartridges is only limited by practical considerations. The active area of the disk is completely enclosed, except during data access times, when the dust seals are removed from actual disk contact. The spindle that rotates the disk is supported on porous graphite air bearings while the disk itself is held in place via vacuum. The optical table, which supports all of the recorder's critical static and dynamic components, was designed to be isolated from external perturbations, as well as from on-table generated and then transmitted vibrations. The paper describes mechanism design, dynamic test results obtained in the handling of optical disks i cartridges, as well as the growth potential to a double-sided disk and write/read rates significantly beyond 100 Mb/s.


Image classification is very significant for many vision of computer and it has acquired significant solicitude from industry and research over last years. We, explore an algorithm via the approximation of Fuzzy -RoughK-means (FRKM), to bring to light data reliance, data decreasing, estimated of the classification (partition) of the set, and induction of rule from databases of the image. Rough theory provide a successful approach of carrying on precariousness and furthermore applied for image classification feature similarity dimensionality reduction and style categorization. The suggested algorithm is derived from a k means classifier using rough theory for segmentation (or processing) of the image which is moreover split into two portions. Exploratory conclusion output that, suggested method execute well and get better the classification outputs in the fuzzy areas of the image. The results explain that the FRKM execute well than purely using rough set, it can get 94.4% accuracy figure of image classification that, is over 88.25% by using only rough set.


Lumbar extradural analgesia is a well-established method of providing pain relief during labour. However, analgesia may be complete in only 80 % of patients initially [1], and many of the remaining patients may feel that the extradural analgesia has been a complete failure because of partial or complete unilateral blockade. The reported incidence of unsatisfactory blockade varies widely: between 1.5 % [2] and 21 % [3] of extradural blocks may be unilateral. Midline septa [4], fibrous adhesions [4, 5], dural folds [6] and separate anterior/posterior extradural spaces [6] have all been proposed to account for the inadequacy of the analgesia by restricting the spread of anaesthetic solution. Paravertebral passage of the catheter and passage into the anterior extradural space [7] has also been considered, but is said not to occur if the length of catheter in the extradural space is less than 4 cm [8]. While these factors may account for some failures, we felt that the commonest cause of a unilateral block was incorrect, lateral placement of the catheter by the operator. On account of the triangular nature of the extradural space [9], any divergence from the midline (when using a midline technique) will make lateral placement of the catheter increasingly likely as the skinextradural space distance (S-EDS) increases (fig. 1). Lateral placement of the catheter is more likely to produce a unilateral block as a result of uneven or restricted spread [1].


Thirty-six crossbred (New Zealand White x Chinchilla) weaned rabbits of both sexes averaging 1.03 kg in liveweight and aged 6 – 8 weeks were used in a completely randomized design experiment to evaluate the effect of graded levels of composite cassava meal (CCM) at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (designated as Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4) on the growth performance, digestibility coefficient, nitrogen retention and economics of production of weaned rabbits for 84 days. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among all the treatments in final live-weight (2.06 – 2.34 kg), daily weight gain (12.30 – 15.71 g), feed conversion ratio (2.58 – 3.19), and protein efficiency ratio (1.62 – 1.80). Average daily feed intakes of the 10% (Treatment 2, 39.70 g), 20% (Treatment 3, 40.51 g) and 30% (Treatment 4, 40.62 g) CCM-based diets were similar but significantly higher than that of the control (Treatment 1, 36.47 g). Crude fibre digestibility coefficients of 0% (56.43%), 10% (59.55%) and 20% (58.29%) CCM diets were higher than that of 30% (52.88%) CCM diet. Crude protein digestibility (Treatment 1 = 79.12%, Treatment 3 = 82.37%, Treatment 4 = 85.50%), nitrogen retention (Treatment 2 = 51.18%, Treatment 3 = 73.43%, Treatment 4 = 85.29%) and gross margin (Treatment 2 = ₦41.37, Treatment 3 = ₦38.42 and Treatment 4 = ₦35.93) increased as the CCM inclusion increased, while cost per kilogramme feed (Treatment 2 = ₦135.0, Treatment 3 = ₦173.5 and Treatment 4 = ₦220.6) and cost per unit weight gain (Treatment 2 = ₦132.0, Treatment 3 = ₦111.9 and Treatment 4 = ₦92.82) decreased as CCM inclusion increased.


Category level object discovery is important for a number of applications such as remote sensing image classification, and data mining in images and video sequences. This paper presents a novel unsupervised learning algorithm for discovering object category and their locations in video sequences. Both appearance consistency and motion consistency of local patches across frames are exploited. Video patches are first extracted and represented by spatial-temporal context words. A dynamic topic model is then introduced to learn object categories in video sequences. The proposed dynamic model can categorize and localize multiple objects in a single video. Experimental results on the CamVid dataset and the VISATTM dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


The urgent desire for Halon substitution has propelled the exploration of potential alternatives because of the severe damage of Halon to the stratospheric ozone layer. As a perfluoroketone substan...


Background and Purpose: Goal of this research is to undertake holistic approach to the analysis of biomechanics morphology as well as to diagnostics of injuries regarding the ligament system of talocrural joint. Material and Methods: We analyzed 130 patients for ligament lesions of talocrural joint. RTG, ultrasound and CT were performed as well as longitudinal gait analysis. Prospective gait analysis research was conducted after 3, after 6, and again after 12 weeks using a specially constructed device for this kind of observations. Results: Shortly after injury, during gait without crutches or a cane, a person spared the injured leg, which was considerably less loaded, by limping and as well as by shorter contact of the injured leg with ground surface. The curve of the healthy leg in most cases showed the platform somewhere around 400N. Later controls showed progressive and even complete recuperation of the walk, and almost exact symmetry of the healthy and formerly injured leg. Conclusion: Large percentage of posttraumatic artroses of the talocrural joint is often result of insufficient diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Longitudinal gait analysis of injured ankle joint is therefore essential diagnostic method for effective and objective monitoring of ankle joint function recovery.


Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy (LVSEM), defined as operation in the energy range below 5 keV, has become perhaps the most important single operational mode of the SEM. This is because the LVSEM offers advantages in the imaging of surfaces, in the observation of poorly conducting and insulating materials, and for high spatial resolution X-ray microanalysis. These benefits all occur because a reduction in the energy Eo of the incident beam leads to a rapid fall in the range R of the electrons since R ∼k.E0 1.66. The reduction in the penetration of the beam has important consequences.


We study the problem of learning the structure of an optimal Bayesian network when additional structural constraints are posed on the network or on its moralized graph. More precisely, we consider the constraint that the moralized graph can be transformed to a graph from a sparse graph class Π by at most k vertex deletions. We show that for Π being the graphs with maximum degree 1, an optimal network can be computed in polynomial time when k is constant, extending previous work that gave an algorithm with such a running time for Π being the class of edgeless graphs [Korhonen & Parviainen, NIPS 2015]. We then show that further extensions or improvements are presumably impossible. For example, we show that when Π is the set of graphs in which each component has size at most three, then learning an optimal network is NP-hard even if k=0. Finally, we show that learning an optimal network with at most k edges in the moralized graph presumably is not fixed-parameter tractable with respect to k and that, in contrast, computing an optimal network with at most k arcs can be computed is fixed-parameter tractable in k.


ABSTRACT A qualitative study using McCracken's (1988) multistage process for data analysis examined common events leading into and out of welfare receipt for women. In semi-structured interviews, twenty female former welfare recipients who are currently human service workers discussed their experiences leading to welfare receipt and the multiple barriers they overcame to become economically self-sufficient. They discussed common paths taken in and out of the welfare system and related identity changes they underwent. Results show support for identity theory by highlighting the effects of identity development in overcoming barriers and how identity salience affects the process of identity change.


Bu3SnH-mediated aryl radical cyclisations of a range of N-vinylic 2-iodobenzamides 10 were examined. The enamides 10a–d gave exclusively the 5-exo cyclisation products 11a–d, whereas the enamides 10e,f having a phenyl substituent on the vinylic carbon atom α to the nitrogen atom gave predominantly the 6-endo cyclisation products 14 and 18, respectively. The experiments on the effect of concentration of Bu3SnH or temperature on the products distribution showed that the formation of the 6-endo cyclisation products 14 and 18 was a result of a 5-exo cyclisation of the aryl radicals formed from 10e,f followed by neophyl rearrangement of the intermediate radicals.


This paper explores the King and Commoner tradition within English ballads written during the Late Middle Ages through to the Early Modern Period. The tradition is defined by monarchs being either deliberately or mistakenly unrecognised by a member of the labouring class.
The author chronologically examines the way in which the fifteenthcentury radicalism was gradually erased and how later examples of the motif became more conservative in nature, reinforcing rather than challenging the social hierarchy of medieval England. In particular, it highlights how the rare voice afforded to the commoner in the earlier ballads is absent during those of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It is replaced by declarations of loyalty to the king.
Alongside this research, the author draws on similar examples from a great variety of sources, including religious writings, folktales, historical accounts and many more. The inclusion of these is not intended to suggest a causal relationship between the two but only to ground claims made about the ballads in a broader literary context.
The paper touches on the dissolution of the monasteries and state regulation of texts after the introduction of the printing press as causal factors. The information contained in this paper may be used for further research into these developments.


The aim of this Bachelor thesis is the program of tourism development in the region Slovacko. The whole work is composed of two parts that are teoretical and practical. In the teoretical part is explained the term tourism. The practical part contains the analysis of current situation in region Slovacko, strategic vision and areas of tourism development, SWOT analysis and the end further possibilities which support the development of region Slovacko.


brings the reader closer to understanding the darkness from which she was able to escape. This is a poignant story of her life, and how she has come to terms in order to move past the loneliness, shame, and loss. Vega empowered herself to enter a life with a future and fulfillment. There was a time that Vega felt invisible; she was certain she could float through an entire day without being missed. Through group therapy, the reader is introduced to the process of transformation. The writer shares a very intimate moment when she took ownership of her selfdestructive behavior during a group therapy session. This was an excruciatingly difficult process but one that brought about the beginning of progress and change. Vega began to realize that other people would also feel pain when she cut herself. Vega provides an invaluable contribution to our understanding of self-abusive behavior. This is an important book about suffering, as well as the hope for a better future when one follows an appropriate course of psychotherapy. Comes the Darkness, Comes the Light is highly recommended. This passionately written book demonstrates that through selfdiscovery and hard work one can begin to reclaim one's life. Vanessa Vega's journey continues.


Human error can be reduced and performance enhanced in the practice of anesthesiology by providing a wide range of controlled experience. These demonstrations illustrate the viability of simulation in addressing the issue of human error in the practice of anesthesiology.


In extensive testing, two acoustic flow measurement systems compared well in accuracy and repeatability with conventional methods at a power plant at Grand Coulee Dam. Acoustic flow measurement systems offer utilities an inexpensive, real-time method for optimizing hydro plant efficiency.


This paper introduces the important position of the course of numerical computing method, analyzes on the present situation and reform direction of numerical computing method, and points out several emphases of and tactics for the teaching reform of the course of numerical computing method.


The invention provides a visible light and infrared images fusion method based on NSST and a system thereof; the method comprises the following steps: inputting a visible light image and an infrared image, and implementing a NSST conversion, so as to respectively obtain sub-band coefficients of the visible light image and the infrared image; the sub-band coefficients comprise a low-frequency sub-band coefficient and a high-frequency sub-band coefficient; figuring out a neighborhood average energy of the low-frequency sub-band coefficient, calculating an area energy characteristic value of each subarea, using a weighting strategy based on the area energy characteristic value to calculate the low-frequency sub-band coefficient of a fused image; using a matching strategy based on a four-order correlation coefficient to calculated the high-frequency sub-band coefficient of the fused image; and implementing a NSST reverse conversion to obtain the fused image. The visible light and infrared images fusion method based on NSST and the system thereof can preferably reserve detail information such as the image border and textures, and effectively integrate the target information of the infrared image and the detail information of the visible light image.


Abstract : Free electrons in the earth's ionosphere cause a frequency-dependent group delay in the bands used for the spread-spectrum GPS ranging signals. This delay constitutes a potential source of error in timing measurements. The ionospheric delay can be removed by dual-frequency ranging using the L1 and L2 signals. Two-frequency time receivers are currently expensive, and are not very reliable when tracking low elevation satellites when Anti-Spoofing is enabled, unless decryption can be used. Single-frequency, L1, receivers can correct for the delay using a detailed model of the ionosphere scaled by data contained in the "navigation message" broadcast by the satellites. However, because of unpredictable variations of the ionosphere, this so-called single-frequency correction is only expected to absorb 50% of the effect. The uncorrected ionospheric delay can cause significant errors in L1 timing systems such as disciplined oscillators. This unpredictable source of error is of increasing importance with the approach of the solar activity maximum. Estimates of the ionospheric delay, calculated from two-frequency geodesic measurements, are now available from several sources, but these are not easy to apply in real time. In the future, WAAS and other system real-time ionosphere estimates for some geographical areas will be available with suitable receivers via geostationary satellites. We report attempts to model the zenith ionosphere correction from observations of the L1 code and carrier phase GPS observables made with a multi-channel receiver module. Code and carrier phases are affected by dispersion with opposite signs, but carrier phase always contains an ambiguity. It will be shown that by measuring derivatives of the observables, the ionospheric delay can be estimated approximately by post-processing the output of a single-frequency receiver. The use of a single frequency avoids inaccuracy due to group delay differences in the receiver for LI and L2 signals.


Chemical reactions between aluminum dross with deionized water, various basic and acid solutions were investigated. The dross were evolved from the aluminum scraps that were recovered individually from each kind of aluminum alloy. Aluminum dross were composed of aluminum, Al2O3, AlN, and other oxides. The NH3 gas evolved owing to hydrolysis of AlN, resulting in the increment of pH of the solutions. The change behavior in pH of the water with AlN was quite different from that with aluminum dross. The pH of AlN powder solution increased by one step, on the other hand, that of the dross solution increased by two steps. The pH increment in the 1st stage was due to the hydrolysis of MgO that was included in dross and the 2nd stage was due to the hydrolysis of AlN. The hydrolysis of AlN included in dross was promoted in the basic and acid solutions. In particular, AlN included in dross was quickly hydrolyzed in NaOH solution at high temperature.


(CH2I2) [75-11-6] CH2I2 (MW 267.84)

InChI = 1S/CH2I2/c2-1-3/h1H2

InChIKey = NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(Zn) [7440-66-6] Zn (MW 65.37)

InChI = 1S/Zn

InChIKey = HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(TiCl4) [7550-45-0] Cl4Ti (MW 189.71)

InChI = 1S/4ClH.Ti/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4

InChIKey = XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J

(Ti(O-i-Pr)4) [546-68-9] C12H28O4Ti (MW 284.26)

InChI = 1S/4C3H7O.Ti/c4*1-3(2)4;/h4*3H,1-2H3;/q4*-1;+4

InChIKey = VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(reagent combination for methylenation of aldehydes and ketones)

Physical Data: CH2I2: mp 6 °C; bp 181 °C; d 3.325 g cm−3. Zn: mp 419.5 °C; d 7.140 g cm−3. TiCl4: mp −24 °C; bp 136.4 °C; d 1.730 g cm−3. Ti(O-i-Pr)4: mp 20 °C; bp 58 °C/1 mmHg; d 0.955 g cm−3.

Solubility: sol THF.

Preparative Methods: prepared in situ.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: CH2I2 is corrosive and is light sensitive; it is usually stabilized with a small amount of copper. TiCl4 is highly toxic and extremely moisture sensitive. Ti(O-i-Pr)4 is an irritant and is flammable. Zn is a moisture-sensitive, flammable solid.


In recent years there have been numerous studies dealing with the effect of exercise on patients with heart disease. These studies have dealt almost exclusively with single acute experiments. While it is generally assumed that training increases one's capacity for work through the development of skeletal muscles, heart and lungs and better coordination of movements, so little is known about the effect of repeated exercises on patients with heart disease that there is a pronounced difference of opinion among cardiologists as to how harmful or beneficial such exercises are. The facts are few. The results of experiments with single exercises are not applicable. It was thought that by repeating a certain form of exercise over a period of several weeks, differences between people with normal hearts and those with diseased hearts, which were obscured in single exercises, might make themselves manifest. This refers only to patients with no evidence of


Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the the international bureau of weights and measures 1875 1975 book. You can open the device and get the book by on-line.


This paper is devoted to the study of curvature and torsion of almost contact curves in trans-Sasakian 3-Manifolds. The conditions for the frenet curves to be almost contact curves in trans-Sasakian 3-manifolds have been obtained.


Due to the complexity issue of developing heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network application such as limited reusability, non-scalability, tight coupling between platform and application, a new middleware needs to be introduced to solve these problems. A distributed system framework such as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can definitely resolve these issues. SOA framework is able to hide the complexity lower layer to the application programmer and also create modular programming that can support different platforms. This paper aims to provide the service oriented middleware that supports heterogeneous services in Smart Home and Ambient Assisted Living (SHAAL) application.


From crude cultures of the butanol bacteria by WEIZMANN's heat shocking method the mono-spore was isolated by micromanipulative technique. The spore was germinated in small fused (15mm Hg) tube containing wort-liver medium in consideration of Eh and growth factor. These absolutely pure strains have normal and vigorous fermenting powers and need no metabionts, aerobic bacteria.


We discuss some general properties of the wave functions of H2+ in two dimensions, when the electron is close to the nucleus, and when it is far away from the nucleus. Based on these properties, some simple, parameter-free wave functions are developed for some of the states. They lead to quite accurate energies and give an insight into the structure of H2+ in two dimensions. These wave functions and appropriate correlation functions, are then used to develop reliable wave functions for H2 in two dimensions. They provide a clear and interesting comparison with the corresponding results in three dimensions.


The current paper deals with the analysis of the information geometrics of stable $M/G/1$ queue manifold (QM) using the powerful tools of information geometry (IG). Incorporating information geometry into queueing theory allows for the relativistic analysis of a QM by enabling novel revolutionary analysis for QM's performance. Potential IG applications to Human Computer Collaboration and Digital Twins are given. Conclusions are provided, along with recommendations for future research.


Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) are the good choice to reduce adverse effect of pathogenic bacteria. These kinds of bacterias are good and having a large role to prevent and reduce the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In rice washing water, there is erosion of carbohydrates so that BAL can use it for breeding. Fermentation of rice washing water were identified to determine the specific BAL content using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The methods that were conducted to get pure isolates, tests for antimicrobial activity, catalase testing, DNA extraction, PCR cycles and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of the study formed a band in the range of 300 bp which means that both primers were detected because Lactobacillus casei was at 254 bp while Lactobacillus rhamnosus was at 159 bp in rice washing water fermentation.


We have investigated the chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood with a particular emphasis on the helium abundance and the current supernova (SN) rate, while taking into account the effects of the stellar mass loss on nucleosynthesis in stars. We found that the Scalo IMF can reproduce the solar-helium abundance as well as the current ratio of type-la to type-(Ib-f-II ) SNe for a suitable choice of the closebinary fraction. A current type-la to type-(Ib-f-II) SNe ratio as low as 0.1 is favored in order to reproduce the solar-iron abundance. We have noticed that there exists a method to estimate the mass-to-luminosity ratio of our Galaxy and the Hubble constant by assuming that the current SNe rate of our Galaxy is the same as that of external Sbc galaxies. By combining our best model prediction, M/LB — 12.3/i2, with the observed value, M/LB — 7.6 h, we obtained M/LB = 4.7 and Ho ~ 62 [km s_1Mpc_1] with a fairly large uncertainty.


Purpose An end-of-fast insulin level ≥ 3 µIU/ml, C-peptide level ≥ 0.6 ng/ml, and proinsulin level ≥ 5 pmol/l with end-of-fast glucose level ≤ 3.0 mmol/l have been established as the criteria for endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. However, all these criteria have been proposed based on patients in Western populations. This study aimed to determine the optimal criteria using a large series of Chinese patients. Methods This retrospective study comprised 144 patients with surgically proven insulinoma and 40 controls who underwent a 72-h fasting test at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH) from 2000 to 2020. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used for analysis. Results In this series of patients, the optimal diagnostic criteria for endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia were insulin  ≥ 5.5 μIU/ml, C-peptide ≥ 0.7 ng/ml, and proinsulin ≥ 12 pmol/l with end-of-fast glucose ≤ 2.8 mmol/l; the sensitivity and specificity were 99% and 100% for insulin, 100% and 100% for C-peptide, and 93% and 100% for proinsulin, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the criteria based on Western populations was then tested. The sensitivity and specificity of end-of-fast insulin ≥ 3 μIU/ml, C-peptide ≥ 0.6 ng/ml, and proinsulin ≥ 5 pmol/l with end-of-fast glucose ≤ 3.0 mmol/l were 100% and 83%, 100% and 80%, and 97% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions New and optimized diagnostic criteria for endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in Chinese populations have been proposed, and these criteria yield satisfactory accuracy.


A new type of photocatalytic reactor was developed. Capillaries coated on the inside with photocatalytic materials induced an effective photocatalytic reaction by pulling up a solution under the action of capillary forces; no electric pump was required for the replacement of the chemicals, due to the concentration gradient generated in the capillaries.


Previous attempts have been made to integrate gene amplification (PCR) with electrophoretic separation of PCR products on a chip fabricated in PDMS. PDMS is a widely used elastic polymer for rapid prototyping using soft lithography. In its pre-cure stage, PDMS consists of multiple components and after curing, the polymerization reactions are usually not competed. Consequently, there are low molecule weight compounds present in the PDMS replica. Environmentally dependent surface changes as well as surface contamination for many polymers are well known. All these lead to changes in surface properties. In this study, the surface properties of PDMS were studied. We have detected the presence of volatile oligosiloxanes in the interface between a PDMS replica and a glass substrate. Also, their behavior at room and elevated temperatures, in particular the adhesion strength between the PDMS-glass interface, was analyzed.


Late Beethoven: Music, Thought, Imagination. By Maynard Solomon. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2003. [xi, 327 pp. ISBN 0-520-23746-3. $29.95.] Index, bibliography, music examples. How Beethoven's intellectual concerns affected the creative work of his last 15 years is the underlying issue in Maynard Solomon's Late Beethoven: Music, Thought, Imagination, a collection of 13 essays comprising both previously published and new contributions on the composer's outlook and the spiritual resonance of his music. In the conviction that Beethoven's later music explores different worlds than his earlier works, Solomon draws on an impressive array of sources to suggest ways in which the composer's "increased accessibility and receptivity to a broad repertory of highly imaginative conceptions"(p. 10)-including ancient and Eastern ideas about the nature of Divinity, Masonic ideals of spiritual progress, and Romantic imageryfacilitated the expansion of Beethoven's imaginative faculties and led him to pursue increasingly ambitious aims in his music. The book divides more or less evenly into chapters concerned with biographical and historical contexts and those focused on the interpretation of works. The essays of the first category, mature fruit of one of the great biographers of our time, posit various ways in which the ageing Beethoven regarded himself, the world, and his art differently than he did as a young man. "Prologue: A Sea Change" expounds one of the book's basic theses: that Beethoven experienced in his forties an existential crisis, documented in the diary that he kept from 1812 to 1818, that led him to read Classical, Eastern, and contemporary sources, to explore religious and philosophical questions as to ultimate meanings, and to rededicate himself, martyr-like, to his art, as a consequence of which his later work experienced a remarkable expansion of intellectual and emotional scope. Chapter 5, "Reason and Imagination: The Aesthetic Dimension," cautiously advances another provocative thesis: that Beethoven's aesthetics-such as they can be reconstructed from scattered utterances-evolved over the course of his career from moral and rationalist concepts about art rooted in Enlightenment notions to views that enriched (but did not supplant) those of his youth by granting greater privilege to the prerogatives of creative fantasy. Two chapters devoted to Freemasonry make a compelling case for Beethoven's familiarity with Masonic symbols, language and rituals, although Solomon finds no evidence that Beethoven actually ever joined the order, having arrived on the scene after the lodges had been suppressed in the Hapsburg lands for political reasons. "The Masonic Thread" (chapter 7) impressively documents that many of Beethoven's most important contacts in Bonn and Vienna, including teachers, patrons, publishers, and dedicatees, had been active Masons and/or Illuminati during the heyday of Josephinian Freemasonry; through such people, the composer would have gained some knowledge of Masonic aims and symbols (although Solomon concedes that many of these ideas were not exclusive to Masonry). In chapter 8, "The Masonic Imagination," Solomon strengthens the case for Beethoven's awareness of secret societies by relating the diary of 1812-1818 to the journals required of members of the Illuminai! to chart their spiritual progress through confessional statements and extracts of significant passages from literature, philosophy and religious writings. That a number of the entries in Beethoven's diary can be tied to Masonic ideals of self-betterment, initiation and purification, and to Eastern religious conceptions (which held a particular importance for Masons) seemingly seals the argument for Beethoven's sympathy for, and receptivity to, Masonic thought. More ambiguous is the case for Beethoven's openness to the influence of Romanticism, a topic that Solomon pursues in chapters 3 and 4. …


We analyze how loans to Japanese small and medium entities by their main banks are priced using the matched data of firms and their main banks. The data on firms include informational characteristics of firms collected in the survey. Our findings are: 1. The borrower's transparency (to its main bank) does not affect the borrowing rate. 2. The firm's solvency reduces the borrowing rate. These are consistent with predictions of finance theories based on information economics. We also found that treating non-price terms of a loan contract as endogenous is crucial in consistently estimating the firm's borrowing rate.


The stereo images with different luminance were utilized as stimulus to investigate the stereopsis fusion in 8normal subjects. The response of every subject was recorded in ten luminance difference(0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90) and the fusion range of luminance difference was proposed. The results showed:Response times were increasing with the increasing luminance difference and accuracies were decreasing with the increasing luminance difference.When the luminance difference was below 20, the discrimination could achieve better effect. The response time was short and the accuracy was high. And when the luminance differences were between 20 and 60,the response times increased sharply. But when the luminance difference reached 60,not only the response times increased sharply,but also the accuracies decreased sharply. It was very difficult to fuse the stereo images.


Since the 1960s, when Grahame Clark published a map of the spatial distribution of early Neolithic radiocarbon dates (Clark 1965; Figure 1), many people have analysed and interpreted this dimension of the archaeological record using map visualizations and statistical techniques. There is still substantial disagreement in the literature regarding mechanisms of diffusion of the cultural elements of early agriculUiral strategies (adoption-diffusion, demie diffusion with interbreeding, or population replacement). Perhaps these debates can never be resolved simply by analysing the chronological record of this diffusion process. Nevertheless, the quality and quantity of radiocarbon data available continues to make this case study an ideal test bed for techniques of data mapping and of the statistical characterization of spatial patterns.


This study evaluated the relationship between the preoperative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and major postoperative neurological complications in patients undergoing cerebral bypass surgery. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all patients undergoing cerebral bypass surgery after a diagnosis of cerebrovascular stenosis or occlusion between May 2003 and August 2017. The patients were divided into tertiles based on serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (low: <63, intermediate: 63~79, and high: ALP > 79 IU/mL). The incidence of neurological events according to ALP level was analyzed. The study analyzed 211 cases. The incidence of acute infarction was highest in the third serum ALP tertile (5.7% vs. 2.9% vs. 16.9% in the first, second, and third tertile, respectively, p = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that the third tertile of serum ALP was an independent predictor of acute cerebral infarction (odds ratio 3.346, 95% confidence interval 1.026–10.984, p = 0.045). On Kaplan–Meier time-to-event curves, the incidence of acute infarction increased significantly with ALP (log rank = 0.048). Preoperative serum ALP level can be used as a biomarker to predict acute cerebral infarction in patients undergoing cerebral bypass surgery for vascular stenosis or occlusion.


INTRODUCTION: Only recently could total knee replacement (TKR) individuals participate in many activities that place high stress on the knee region, e.g., golf. To enhance physical functioning, TKR components must be able to provide optimal leverage for the quadriceps to generate extensor torque, a-p stability when the cruciate ligaments are sacrificed, and varusvalgus stability via adequate medial and lateral collateral tension throughout the (Range of Motion) ROM. The use of a single flexion/extension (F/E) axis TKR design rather than a multiaxial TKR design has been theorized to accomplish these goals. Therefore, for this work in progress, it was of interest to determine for physically active individuals if the strength and function of the limb with a unilateral, single-axis TKR would be different to that of the intact limb.


Objective To explore an effective method for the reconstruction of partial defect of nose. Methods Nose were reconstructed with free auricle complex tissue flap with subepidermal vascular net on 5 patients. The maximal area of implant is 1.5cm×1.8cm. Results The five implant survived and had no shrink 4 months after surgery. Meanwhile, these nose is satisfactory in shape. Conclusion It is simple and satisfactory to reconstruct the partial defect of nose with free auricle complex tissue grafting.


We consider two possible ways, i.e., the Maxwellian Iteration and the Chapman-Enskog Method, to recover Relativistic Ordinary Thermodynamics from Relativistic Extended Thermodynamics of Polyatomic gases with N moments. Both of these methods give the Eckart equations which are the relativistic version of the Navier-Stokes and Fourier laws as a first iteration. However, these methods do not lead to the same expressions of the heat conductivity \chi, the shear viscosity \mu, and the bulk viscosity \nu which appear as coefficients in the Eckart equations. In particular, we prove that the expressions of \chi, \mu, and \nu obtained via the Chapman-Enskog method do not depend on N , while those obtained through the Maxwellian Iteration depend on N . Moreover, we also prove that these two methods lead to the same results in the nonrelativistic limit.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine Ibn Taymiyya's criticism of Aristotelian logic, and to test the arguments he raises against it, as well as the theory he proposes as an alternative. Ibn Taymiyya tries to prove that Aristotelian logic cannot contribute to knowledge because it is based on metaphysical foundations. He raises arguments that are intended to expose the contradictions of Aristotelian logic. These arguments are based partly on the principles of relativity and skepticism, and partly on empirical presuppositions. Ibn Taymiyya proposed the use of analogical reasoning (qiyās al-tamthīl) which is a type of evaluation and measurement based on the comparison between particulars, or the relations between two similar or dissimilar things. It can be seen that the most important and decisive thing in this relation is the common attribute that links two particular occurrences. Therefore, this inference deals with the relations between things and the causal connections between them. This is expressed in the research method used in the Islamic juridical sciences, which are causal methods, such as: the coextensiveness and coexclusiveness (ṭard wa-῾aks), coextensiveness-cum-coexclusiveness (dawarān), and classification and successive elimination (al-sabr wa l-taqsīm).


An agile collaborative shipbuilding enterprise represents a distributed network of collaborating shipyards and supporting business entities. The participating entities may be manufacturers, design agents, vendor/suppliers, research institutes, or any other businesses that play a constructive role in the manufacture of the ship. In this paper, the discussion is limited to the information processing aspects of the commercial shipbuilding enterprise. The developed models and software products concentrated on creating an enterprise-level information processing infrastructure for shipbuilding, and were part of an overall U.S. Department of Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency program concerned with restoring U.S. competitiveness in shipbuilding through simulation- based design. One of the crucial components in the process of forming a virtual shipyard to produce a desired ship (or portion of a ship) requires optimal distribution of the manufacturing process for the product to the available network of production units. This distribution is achieved by evaluating the relative advantages of using manufacturing agents on the basis of production cost, schedule, quality, transportation cost, and the relevant attributes. Likewise, the ability to integrate the design and the manufacturing process is an implicit and distinguishing feature of the agile shipbuilding collaborative enterprise design environment. The product and process integration must occur over the entire life cycle of the ship. A set of requirements are analyzed; the product design and manufacturing process plans are generated; conflicts in the design/manufacturing relationship are resolved; redesign feedback is generated; the designs are updated; and the process is repeated until the optimum solution is achieved.


Small-angle inelastic $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ scattering data for $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 129 MeV have been reanalyzed with the giant resonance peak parameters suggested by Bertrand et al. The two components of the giant resonance peak, assumed by them to correspond to $L=0$ and $L=2$, respectively, are found to have similar angular distributions between 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} where large differences between these multipolarities should exist. This is not in agreement with their interpretation of ($p$,${p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) and large-angle ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$,${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) data wherein a concentration of $L=0$ strength was suggested at 20 MeV in $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$. Their data for the assumed $L=0$ component are shown in our analysis to be consistent with an $L=2$ transfer.


Kali ki riti yahi, "this custom of a degenerate age": thus did North Indian women describe, in a song written down in 1910, the plight of women who must move from natal place to conjugal place to be controlled there by their husband's kin.2 And thus do rural women still today critique the ideology of patrilineal kinship that circumscribes their lives, as a "custom" of the age and not as an invariant consequence of the nature of women and men.


The Great Plains (GP) low-level jet (GPLLJ) contributes to GP warm season water resources (precipitation), wind resources, and severe weather outbreaks. Past research has shown that synoptic and local mesoscale physical mechanisms (Holton and Blackadar mechanisms) are required to explain GPLLJ variability. Although soil moisture–PBL interactions are central to local mechanistic theories, the diurnal effect of regional soil moisture anomalies on GPLLJ speed, northward penetration, and propensity for severe weather is not well known. In this study, two 31-member WRF-ARW stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme ensembles simulate a typical warm season GPLLJ case under CONUS-wide wet and dry soil moisture scenarios. In the GP (24°–48°N, 103°–90°W), ensemble mean differences in sensible heating and PBL height of 25–150 W m−2 and 100–700 m, respectively, at 2100 UTC (afternoon) culminate in GPLLJ 850-hPa wind speed differences of 1–4 m s−1 12 hours later (0900 UTC; early morning). Greater heat accumulation in the daytime PBL over dry soil impacts the east–west geopotential height gradient in the GP (synoptic conditions and Holton mechanism) resulting in a deeper thermal low in the northern GP, causing increases in the geostrophic wind. Enhanced daytime turbulent mixing over dry soil impacts the PBL structure (Blackadar mechanism), leading to increased ageostrophic wind. Overnight geostrophic and ageostrophic winds constructively interact, leading to a faster nocturnal GPLLJ over dry soil. Ensemble differences in CIN (~50–150 J kg−1) and CAPE (~500–1000 J kg−1) have implications for severe weather predictability.


Anticancer Cetrorelix is a de novo synthetic antagonist of gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GRH),which regulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)through competing the membrane receptor on the pituicyte with endogenous LHRH.A great quantity of researches indicate that cetrorelix not only has a better therapeutic effect for ovarian cancer,prostatic carcinoma,metrofioma,endometriosis and so on,but also prevents and improves the benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH)and the syndrome of ovaries-excessed stimulation.The article reviewed the new development of cetrorelix applicaton.


Abstract The methodological issues involved in parental reporting of events in children's everyday lives are discussed with reference to the development and validation of an incident diary, collecting concurrent data on minor injuries in a community study of children under eight years old. Eighty-two mothers participated in a comparison over nine days of daily tele-phone interviews and structured incident diaries. Telephone methods resulted in more missing data, and participants in both groups expressed a preference for the diary method. This diary was then validated on a sample of 56 preschool and school-aged children by comparing injury recording by a research health visitor with that of their mothers. Each failed to report some injuries, but there was good agreement overall, and in descriptive data on injuries reported by both. Parental diaries have the potential to provide rich data, of acceptable validity, on minor events in everyday life.


Understanding the effect of a cardio‐ and reno‐protective low Na, high K diet (LNaHK) on renal K handling is crucial to choosing diuretics and anti‐hypertensive agents for patients on such diets. We previously showed that furosemide, a K‐wasting diuretic that inhibits the Na‐K‐Cl‐cotransporter‐2 (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb (TAL), increased urinary K clearance in mice on a control diet but decreased that in mice on LNaHK. We hypothesized that there is a net K secretion in the TAL of mice on LNaHK via the renal‐outer‐medullary‐K channel (ROMK) located in the apical membrane of TAL. Wild‐type (WT) and ROMK knockout mice (ROMK KO) were given either a control diet or LNaHK (0.01% Na, 5% K) for 4–7 days. Free‐flow micropuncture was performed using K‐selective microelectrodes to measure the K concentration in the early distal tubule (EDT [K]) before and after intravenous administration of vehicle or furosemide (5mg/kg). Urine was collected via a bladder catheter. Na concentration was measured by a flame photometer. Within 5 minutes of administration, furosemide increased the EDT [K] of WT on a control diet (Δ[K] = 2.33 ± 0.46 mM; n = 6) but decreased that of WT on LNaHK (Δ[K] = −3.07 ± 0.61 mM; n = 11). However, furosemide did not affect the EDT [K] of ROMK KO on LNaHK (Δ[K] = −0.09 ± 0.23 mM; n = 3). Vehicle had no effect on EDT [K] of mice on either diet. The furosemide‐sensitive Na excretion was significantly greater in mice on LNaHK (1298 ± 354 nmol/min; n = 5) than those on a control diet (362 ± 132 nmol/min; n = 5). Furthermore, single‐channel patch clamp analysis was used to evaluate the activity of ROMK in the apical membrane of split‐open TALs from mice on a control diet or LNaHK. The 70‐pS ROMK channel exhibited a higher open probability (Po) in mice on LNaHK than those on a control diet (Po = 0.65 ± 0.11 vs 0.35 ± 0.13, p = 0.07). However, the density of the 70 pS ROMK was not different in LNaHK compared with control diet. No significant difference was found in the number or Po of the 30‐pS K channels between the two groups. These results indicate ROMK‐dependent net K secretion in the TAL of mice on LNaHK, and it is associated with increased NKCC2 and ROMK activities.


The experiments showed that the structure of artificial neural networks and parameters strongly influenced the performance of the network [1]. If the network structure is too simple, it will lower the classification capacity of the network, thus affecting the final recognition result. If the network structure is too complex it will slower the learning speed and eventually the final error may increase. Also the momentum, learning rate parameters will also affect the speed of network learning and the final accuracy. If the most suitable network structure and network parameters are used it will get a best result [2]. In this paper, we will analysis the number of hidden units, learning rate on the impact of network learning speed and final accuracy, based on BP network in the character image recognition as an example.


We report an experiment of endless control of PMD compensation in 25-Gb/s CSRZ-DQPSK system using a DSP based PMD compensator. The control algorithm used is a modified particle Swarm Optimization. The PMD compensator can track the average SOP variation of 65 rad/s without any lost of optimum tracking.


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a name coined for the diseases previously known as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is defined as common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. This study was planned to observe the evidence of systemic inflammation in different stages of COPD. The present study was a cross sectional study carried out in 100 stable male COPD patients. Following inflammatory parameters were included in study , CReactive Protein (CRP) , Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR), Differential leucocyte count (DLC): neutrophil count (%) , Total leucocyte count (TLC). 100 Subjects were divided in four groups from mild to very severe (GOLD stage I-IV) according to spirometry values based on FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7. Then changes in systemic inflammatory parameters in different stages of COPD were observed applying ANOVA test. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. TLC was significantly increasing (p<0.05) as the severity of COPD increases. Neutrophil count also significantly increased with GOLD, COPD stages (p<0.5). Mean values of ESR showed an ascending pattern as the severity of disease progressed but it was not statistically significant (p >0.05). CRP level was elevated in most of the patients of severe (III) and very severe (IV) patients suggesting presence of systemic inflammation. As COPD is a multifactorial heterogeneous disease so, for determining the severity of COPD, other parameters such as inflammatory markers which will predict the morbidity as well mortality of the patients should be included.


Cultivation of soil on the slopes of mountainous areas leads to a decrease in organic matter and nutrients in the soil and severe soil erosion. Grazing is one of the main reasons for the degradation of pastures and natural landscape, which increases the sensitivity of the soil to erosion. Soil erosion, in turn, pollutes water by increasing its turbidity and sometimes causes atrophy due to leakage of phosphorus and nitrogen. An average of 30.6 quintals of green mass or 7.8 quintals of dry grass per hectare was produced in the variant of grass seed sowing (without fertilizer), compared to the control variant, in the variant of grass seed sowing + N60P60K40 this indicator averaged 39.9 centners/ha of green mass. or more than 15.0%, resulting in the production of 10.0 quintals of dry or 14.7% more dry grass. Experimental field studies to improve pastures have shown that the fodder produced in each of the tested variants; green mass and dry grass supply and their nutritional value were higher than control.


Key words: Vertebrata - stegocephalians - reptiles - fishes Trios
- Algarve (Portugal).

A three-week paleontological prospection in Triassic beds of the Algarve (southern province of Portugal) has revealed the presence of fossil vertebrates (stegocephalians for the most part, but also fishes and reptiles) in several localities and in at least 5 stratigraphical levels.


By starting from a new discrete spectral problem, the Toda lattice is derived through the discrete zero curvature equation. Applying the discrete variational identity to the spectral problem will also reach to the bi-Hamiltonian structure of the Toda lattice. Under a higher-order Bargmann symmetry constraint, the new Lax pairs and the adjoint Lax pairs are nonlinearized into integrable symplectic maps and finite-dimensional Liouville integrable Hamiltonian systems. Finally, a Backlund transformation of the Toda lattice is obtained.


Among three efficiencies in economics, productivity efficiency, allocation efficiency and dynamic efficiency, dynamic efficiency, whose core is new technology expansion, is the most important aspect, and it decides fundamentally the varying change of social welfare. As an innovation, this paper introduces OOP experimental ideals, takes use of iBuilder economic environment simulation, to analyze and research the dynamic game among advocator of new technology, maintainer of old technology and propeller of social welfare(government), and to study the dynamic velocity of new technology expansion and energy. This paper tentatively solves the problem of index measurement of new technology expansion and the progressing of social welfare etc.


This report presents the evaluation of the first transit smart card demonstration in California. The study assesses the cost and benefit implications of the smart card system to transit agencies. Two types of smart cards were used: radio frequency (RF) proximity and contact. The assessment of the cost and productivity impacts, as well as the perceptions of transit personnel, were accomplished through personnel interviews and independent onboard observations.


This paper empirically examines how external financial needsmeasured at the sector leveland financial development at the country level interact to shape the aggregate marginal product of capital of a country (MPK) and its foreign direct investment inflows (FDI). Using new available data we construct annual aggregate MPK for 60 developing and developed countries during 1995-2009; we use industry-level data to construct an annual country-level measure of external financial dependence and assess its effects on MPK conditional on the level of financial development. Second, using bilateral FDI over 2001-2010 we analyze how external financial dependence and financial development determine FDI inflows in developing countries. Our findings imply that financial development seems to be a necessary condition -and certainly not a sufficient onein order for production in financially dependent sectors to positively affect aggregate MPK and FDI in developing countries. These results taken altogether contribute to some extent to explaining the Lucas' Paradox of why aggregate capitals don't flow from rich to poor countries. JEL Classification codes: E22, F11, F21, F32, F41, F63, O11, O16, O47.


e15712 Background: Liquid biopsy enables the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels, including KRAS-mutated ctDNA, which is considered a predictive biomarker for pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of sequential KRAS ctDNA assessments in longitudinal monitoring. Methods: A total of 422 blood samples were collected from 78 patients undergoing treatments for localized and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. KRAS ctDNA levels was determined by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Longitudinal monitoring of KRAS ctDNA was performed to assess its significance for predicting recurrence and prognosis and evaluating therapeutic responses to chemotherapy. Results: In 39 patients who underwent surgery for potentially resectable tumors, sequential assessments of KRAS ctDNA in longitudinal monitoring was significantly associated with prognosis ( P < 0.001). In 39 patients who did not undergo surgery, sequential assessments of KRAS ctDNA was a predictive factor for prognosis ( P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that detection of KRAS ctDNA in longitudinal monitoring was the only independent prognostic factor regardless of tumor resection ( P< 0.001). Longitudinal monitoring revealed the significance of sequential assessments of KRAS ctDNA within a short period. The presence of KRAS ctDNA in sequential assessments within 1 year after surgery showed significant association with prognosis irrespective of recurrence ( P< 0.001). The presence of KRAS ctDNA in sequential assessments within 6 months was significantly correlated with therapeutic responses in the first line chemotherapy ( P< 0.001). Conclusions: Our study showed for the first time that sequential assessments of KRAS ctDNA levels within a short period enabled the prediction of prognosis and therapeutic response in patients with pancreatic cancer.


Despite the progress in multiagent reinforcement learning via formalisms based on stochastic games, these have difficulties coping with a high number of agents due to the combinatorial explosion in the number of joint actions. One possible way to reduce the complexity of the problem is to let agents form groups of limited size so that the number of the joint actions is reduced. This paper investigates the task of multiagent reinforcement learning where individual agents learn within coalitions. The context of these learning tasks are coordination games, a class of games with multiple pure strategy Nash equilibria, which is of broad interest in social sciences such as choice of standards for new products. Experimental results show that the reward converges to values close to the optimum.


This article aims to analyze the development of Islamic religious movements in the Malay traditional land of Kerinci Jambi, particularly related to the tendency of religious formalism in Islamic communities. The pattern of education, local customs and traditions, as well as religious ideology contributed to the emergence of a Muslim community that only paid attention to the formal side of religion or known as formalist Islam. This study uses an anthropological approach through interviews, observations, and documentation of Muslim communities in Kerinci Jambi. This paper finds that formalist Islam tends to be difficult to develop in Malay society exclusively from indigenous groups, and more easily accepted for inclusive societies from immigrant groups or mixing with outsiders and academics. This exclusive Malay community seeks to maintain the Islamic ideology that has been institutionalized in the structure of society that does not contradict between custom and religion since the first, namely Islam with the nuances of Sufism, based on the Shafi'i Madhhab in fiqh , and al-Ghazali Madhhab in theology. Meanwhile, inclusive societies tend to be open to accepting various Islamic identities and most of them do not hold strong traditional values.


Brazilian berry is a fruit popularly known as "Jaboticaba," rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Senescence and overweight are increasing worldwide and are considered risk factors to prostatic pathogenesis mainly due to oxidative and inflammatory processes induction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two increasing doses of the patented jaboticaba peel extract (PJE) on oxidative‐stress and inflammation in the prostate of aging or high‐fat‐fed aging mice.


The Eurozone sovereign debt crisis has created enormous uncertainties and financial stress in the global economy. The essential focus of this article is the impact of the crisis on the Asian economy through the twin channels of multilateral trade and financial flows. It examines how the Asian economies successfully withstood the crisis in a resilient manner and also why they were able to sustain a healthy GDP growth—albeit suffering a small deceleration. It infers that relatively sound fundamentals in the Asian economies moderated the negative impact of the crisis. Although not vulnerable, they suffered some impact of the Eurozone financial turmoil. They could not be regarded as totally immune to the ongoing Eurozone crisis. The global slowdown in demand began affecting the Asian economies in the third quarter of 2012. They began feeling the lagged impact of the demand slump in the advance industrial economies. At this time point grim economic data began coming out of the Asian economies.


Background & Objective: Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. In patients with ischemic stroke, both cell loss and inflammation are observed. GAS6/sAXL signaling is effective in both inflammation and clearance of dead/dying cells. This study investigated the GAS6/sAXL pathway and its role in patients with acute stroke. Specifically, we evaluated whether GAS6/sAXL was associated with stroke severity and infarct volume.
Methods: This study involved 53 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and 49 healthy controls. GAS6 and sAXL proteins were collected in the first 24 hours in the acute stroke. NIHSS scores, GCS, and demographic data of the patients at the time of admission to the hospital were recorded. The infarct area was calculated using cranial magnetic resonance imaging.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 64±12 years, 60% were female. HDL was lower in AIS group (40.5±13.01 mg/dl) than in the control group (55.4±14.9 mg/ dl) (p<0.05). The GAS6 levels of patients with ischemic stroke (30.58 [1.58-162.33] ng/dL) were significantly lower than the control group (83.33 [10.71-181.96] ng/dL) (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the GAS6/sAXL ratio between the AIS (8.60 [0.55-48] ng/mL) and control groups (14.78 [1.82-53.71] ng/mL) (p < 0.001). The serum GAS6 level and MR infarct area was positively correlated (r = 0.381 p = 0.005). The GAS6/sAXL ratio was positively correlated with the NIHSS and infarct area (p = 0.004). The GAS6/sAXL ratio and GCS showed a negative correlation (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Plasma GAS6 levels were positively correlated with infarct size, and the GAS6/sAXL ratio was positively correlated with the NIHSS score and infarct area in patients with AIS. Plasma GAS levels and GAS6/sAXL ratio can be used as an indicator of severity of AIS.


Safety problems for a single-hander fall into two basic categories: those affecting the single-hander and those that affect other people. The most obvious difference between sailing in, say, R.O.R.C. races and on one's own is that there is no back-up for the single hander when some particular task such as a sail change has to be carried out. Whereas on a modern ocean racer most jobs can, and indeed have to, be swamped with men in order to achieve not necessarily the most efficient result but the fastest result, for the single-hander the job has to be much more carefully thought out so that at no time does he place himself in the position where a piece of gear or equipment can lose itself because he is elsewhere.


We introduce new types of systems of generalized quasi-variational inequalities and we prove the existence of the solutions by using results of pair equilibrium existence for free abstract economies. We consider the fuzzy models and we also introduce the random free abstract economy and the random equilibrium pair. The existence of the solutions for the systems of quasi-variational inequalities comes as consequences of the existence of equilibrium pairs for the considered free abstract economies.


Deponering or exclusion of a criminal case for the sake of interest is the authority of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 35 sub c of Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Basic Provisions of the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as their explanations. Leaving aside the case as referred to in this provision is the implementation of the principle of opportunity in which a case (criminal act) when it is submitted to a trial is expected to cause a shock in the community or by trial the case will have a negative effect on the wider community, as happened in the case of Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah that occurred in 2009 until 2011. The problem studied was about the position of deponering institutions as the implementation of the principle of opportunity by the Attorney General and what were the reasons for the Attorney General to decide on deponering of Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah cases? This research is supported by primary data secondary data in the form of interviews with the parties in the Center for Research and Development of the Attorney General's Law. From the results of research and analysis obtained that the existence of deponering institutions as the implementation of the principle of opportunity by the Attorney General is a prosecution must be done if formal requirements have been met and must also be deemed necessary in the public interest, so that the prosecutor will not demand a case before the elements of public interest has been fulfilled. And the reason the Attorney General decided to deponering the Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah case was based on the consideration that if the case in the name of the suspects Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah was transferred to the court, it would have the effect of disturbing the performance of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). as well as managerial in carrying out their duties and authorities, so as to prejudice the public interest, namely the interests of the nation, state or society and also in order to protect efforts to eradicate corruption as a whole.


A detailed description of the clinical case of multivisceral resection in advanced gastric cancer is presented. The surgery included total gastrectomy, pancreatoduonenectomy, extended right colectomy, D2+ lymphadenectomy. After discharge from the hospital, the patient continues specific treatment in the form of adjuvant chemotherapy. During the nine months of follow-up, the patient did not find any recurrence of the disease. A brief review of the literature on the problem of multivisceral resections in advanced gastric cancer is presented.


The method and apparatus allow to mechanically characterize shear a grid, e.g. Johnson type composed of at least two son welded to at least two parallel bars, the son being disposed perpendicularly to the bars. The apparatus comprises two brackets 42 and 43 interconnected by two arms 44 and 45 by means of four pivot links 46 to form a deformable parallelogram. Is maintained with the fastening means 47 a first rod at one end of the grid and is maintained with the attachment means 48 a second bar located at another end of the grate. Applying a force F to the brackets 42 and 43 to impose a displacement of the first bar relative to the second bar, while maintaining the parallel first bar relative to the second bar. During the moving step, measuring said force depending on the displacement of the first bar relative to the second bar. Then, one determines a parameter representing the strength of the grid shear from the measurements of force and displacement.


Mars Exploration Rover Enhanced Telemetry Extraction and Reporting System (METERS) is software that generates a human-readable representation of the state of the mobility and arm-related systems of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) vehicles on each Martian solar day (sol). Data are received from the MER spacecraft in multiple streams having various formats including text messages, sparsely-sampled engineering quantities, images, and individual motor-command histories.


The invention discloses a synchronous denitrification and dephosphorization sewage treatment device for an immobilized microorganism CASS (cyclic activated sludge system). The synchronous denitrification and dephosphorization sewage treatment device comprises a pond. A water inlet tube is arranged at one end of the pond, a water outlet tube is arranged at the other end of the pond, a hollow gridding reaction box is disposed in the pond, immobilized microorganism carriers are arranged in the hollow gridding reaction box, and an aeration device is arranged at the bottom of the pond. The synchronous denitrification and dephosphorization sewage treatment device aims to overcome shortcomings in the prior art, is simple in structure, and is efficient and stable.


technology started growing verbal exchange became a principal method of exchanging data. With the introduction of web and pay out programs protection problems are more difficult and elaborate. Secure correspondence is a remarkable worry by which individuals can communicate data to changing degrees of assurance that outsiders can't catch the data that is transmitted over system. Consequently data security is an essential thought in nowadays. Cryptography and data security is growing more to deal with authorized security for systems. In this work the proposed algorithm makes use of basic encryption methods like substitution, transposition, bitwise logical operations together with pairing operate to encrypt the information. The algorithm itself generates the important key from simple text and hides inside plaintext.


The paper presents the results of an empirical study of digital competencies and characteristics of Internet addictive behavior among adolescents. Received data shows that a low level of digital competence is one of the factors reducing information security and it can be a risk factor in forming Internet-dependent behavior in adolescence. The leading role in providing the information security of teenagers is their ability to recognize content threats and their knowledge of ways of personal information protection in the network. The results of the survey underscore the need for the development and implementation of educational technologies aimed at the formation of digital competencies of adolescents, allowing them to navigate freely in the modern information environment, be critical towards the digital content and use adequate ways to protect information.


In this paper we hypothesize that the practices that prevailed during the pandemic period in relation to the right to parks were related to traditional urban discriminatory policies that need to be changed. We also argue that, in some cases, the residents themselves treated the parks as common living spaces by protecting them from neoliberal grabbing policies that deprive residents of greenery and infringe on the right to the city and to nature. With this in mind, we proceeded with research on the city of Athens. We investigated two urban green parks, the first was "Lofos Philopappou", which is one of the most important parks in the city, as it is one of the largest green spaces in the city center and includes some of the most important ancient monuments. The second park was "Antonis Tritsis", which is the largest park in Athens Metropolitan Area and one of the few high green spaces in the western suburbs. In the framework of this study, we investigated the attitudes and the actions of visitors and groups regarding these parks, the urban social movements, and local struggles and initiatives that are active in the public green parks, together with participation through the commons. We also investigated management policies and attempts to privatize them. The research methods that were used were participant observation in the studied parks, semi-structured interviews with people or groups that used the public urban green parks on a regular basis, noting the narratives they produced, and questionnaires given to visitors who actively used the urban parks. In conclusion, policies implemented within public parks were found to prevent the integration of public green spaces in the daily lives of residents and the active participation of residents in decisions concerning the green extensions of their neighborhoods. In this way, a part of society is deprived of the ability to maintain continuous contact with nature and green parks.


Reduced surface area targets were studied using an ultra-high intensity femtosecond laser in order to determine the effect of electron sheath field confinement on electron dynamics. X-ray emission due to energetic electrons was imaged using a a K imaging crystal. Electronswere observed to travel along the surface of wire targets, andwere slowedmainly by the induced fields. Targets with reduced surface areaswere correlatedwith increased hot electron densities and proton energies. HybridVlasov– Fokker–Planck simulations demonstrated increased electric sheathfield strength in reduced surface area targets.


Abstract : Two robust rate control system designs are carried out for a submersible (modeled by the NSRDC 2510 equations) in a turn using the Linear Quadratic Gaussian approach with Loop Transfer Recovery. Separate command channels allow the submersible to maneuver independently in horizontal and vertical planes; the vehicle operator controls bearing and depth rates through a joystick-like device. Fin configuration is the conventional cruciform stern without differential control. The first compensator design r - theta controller directly controls two vehicle state variables: pitch theta and vehicle angular velocity, r, about the z-axis. The other system (the psi - z controller), controls yaw (or heading) rate psi and depth rate (z) directly. However, this design relies on linearized equations of yaw and depth rate to be employed by the compensator for state reconstruction. A tool for Kalman Filter loop shaping is developed in which state variables are scaled to provide good loop shapes and then recovered to get controllers that are robust. Both controllers are compared on the basis of performance in a nonlinear simulation. A robustness comparison is also conducted. Based on limited simulation data, this thesis concludes that the psi - Z controller provides better control of depth rate than the r - theta controller. Bearing rate performance is essentially equal in both designs; however, the psi - z controller appears less robust in certain frequency ranges.


With the rapid growth and development of Internet,it will become the ultimate platform which provides all kinds of network services.Among these network services based on the Internet platform,there are not only best-effort services,but also quality-guaranteed services [1].In this article,we discuss the issues on how to support quality services of multicast communications on the network layer by way of QoS(Quality of Service) routing strategy.Currently,there have been many multicast QoS routing algorithms proposed in literature.All these algorithms achieved lots of exciting results in network resource utilization and throughput,but still have some problems to be improved.Based on these problems,we proposed our QoS routing algorithm,and the experiment shows that compared to the other proposed algorithms,our algorithm has many improvements on adaption to network topology,network size,symmetric and asymmetric link load.


This paper is a conduct of experimental tests to investigate different effective parameters of a UNS C10100 copper/aluminum 1100 spring-back on a two-layer L-die bending sheet through finite element simulations. The parameters are the radius and clearance of die, sheet length, thickness of each layer, different lay ups, and sheet annealing. The paper shows that the spring-back decreases with the reduction of the die clearance and radius, similar to the behavior of single-layer sheet and with the increase of the sheet length. The outcome displays a contradiction with 'no significant effect' in the single-layer sheets, previously published in other papers. Furthermore, the thicknesses of copper and aluminum are important roles to evaluate spring-back; however, there is no certain rule to decrease or increase the spring-back through changing the thickness of each layer. Moreover, this work shows the effects of stacking sequence of aluminum and copper layer on the spring-back, because of the different natural axis in each stacking sequence and also different ultimate strength of each layer. Finally, it is concluded that annealing heat treatment significantly reduces the spring-back, where the intermetallic bond hardness in the interface of Cu/Al layers and spring-back increases with the rise of annealing temperature.


Radar signatures of mineral oil spills consisting of heavy and light fuel were measured by an airborne five-frequency ( L - S - C - X - and K -band) multi u polarization microwave scatterometer flown on a helicopter during a controlled oil spill experiment in the North Sea. The damping ratio, defined as the ratio of the backscattered radar power from an oil-free and an oil-covered sea surface, was measured at different radar frequencies and incidence angles such that the Bragg wavenumbers, k, between 20 radm 1 and 500 radm 1 were covered. The B following results were obtained: for the five oil spills deployed in the experiment the damping ratio, in general, increases monotonically from k 20 radm 1 to B k 500 radm 1 . At S - C - X - and K -band, the damping ratio is larger for heavy B u fuel than for light fuel spills, while at L- band it is almost the same. For heavy fuel, the damping ratio increases with increasing thickness of the oil layer. Furthermore, for wind speeds between 6 m s 1 and 10 m s 1 the ...


The international legal definition of slavery (Art. 1 Slavery Convention [1926]; Art. 7 Supplementary Convention [1956]) distinguishes between slavery de jure and slavery de facto. The definition puts the emphasis on slavery de facto. However, by letting some words untranslated, the respective Dutch translation prevalent in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Suriname (unintentionally) focuses on slavery de jure. Nowadays, slavery is illegal (Art. 4 udhr; Art. 4 echr) and, thus, only exists de facto. A corrected and completed Dutch translation will increase the awareness of the various forms of slavery de facto. In so doing, it can make an important contribution to the fight against slavery.


Background and Purpose— Traffic noise <60 dB(A) has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. We investigated this relationship for 80 to 86 dB(A) occupational noise. Methods— We followed 116 568 industrial and 47 679 financial workers by linkage to Danish registries 2001 through 2007. Full-shift noise levels were estimated from subsets of workers at baseline and end of follow-up. Results— We identified 981 stroke patients and observed a 27% increased confounder-adjusted risk of stroke for industrial compared with financial workers. However, longer duration or higher noise level within the industrial workers were unrelated to the risk of stroke. Conclusions— Our study did not support an association between occupational noise exposure and stroke, and the higher risk among industrial workers may reflect lifestyle differences.


The utility model provides a supporting type double-screw pump which comprises a pump body, a driven screw, a driving screw, a packing seal, a lubrication box, a gear and a transmission box. The supporting type double-screw pump is characterized in that a conical roller bearing and a thrust ball bearing are arranged at the positions on the driven screw and the driving screw corresponding to the right end portion of the lubrication box. The supporting type double-screw pump has the advantages that when high-pressure high-viscosity media are conveyed, seizure does not occur between the driven screw and the driving screw, and accordingly the double-screw pump can run normally.