THERE ARE ONLY A FEW PASSAGES IN MARX AND ENGELS dealing with the relation they established between party, class and elections. After showing that the proletariat formed a well-defined class by virtue of its place in the relations of production, Marx and Engels emphasized that the workers had been able to overcome their isolation in order to organize themselves. To cease being simply a mass, atomized by competition, they formed an association to strengthen their 'union' and make possible their mobilization. Profiting from the use of the means of communication, the workers became conscious of their common interests: 'the result was the organization of the proletariat into a class and then into a political party'. It was the whole class that transformed itsef into a political party: no division took place. Rejecting the Blanquist conceptions of elitist parties, Marx and Engels added that 'all previous historical movements were movements of minorities, or in the interests of minorities. The proletarian movement is the self-conscious, independent movement of the immense majority, in the interests of the immense majority'.


This paper describes the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Interfacial Engineering at the University of Minnesota. There are five separately authored sections to the paper. In Section 1, the Director presents his view of technology development and management, a review of the essential characteristics of the Center, and his management philosophy which stresses strategic planning and program integration. Section 2 describes the research program, which emphasizes partnership with industry, integration of projects, and program development through the process of strategic planning. Section 3 describes the Center's evaluation system, a summary of the evaluation of its Small Company Program, and discusses the evaluation of less tangible but essential characteristics of the Center. Two models of technology transfer are offered by the leaders of the Center's successful technology transfer program, one based on the concepts of heterogeneous chemical reaction, and the other on biological cell receptor analysis and functioning.


INTRODUCTION A heavily loaded structure as part of an industrial development was to be built in North Dakota. The subsurface conditions encountered at the site were generally unfavorable to the construction of the structure, as it consisted of loose granular soils with a very shallow groundwater surface. Smaller structures on the site were capable of being supported by spread footings with local soil corrections or stone columns. For the heaviest structures, ultimately Drilled Displacement Piles were selected as the preferred support alternative. REGIONAL SETTING The project area is located in south eastern North Dakota, near the outer edge of the Glacial Lake Agassiz basin. The region generally consists of a thick mantle of shore deposits that generally consist of unconsolidated, relatively fine-grained sand deposits. These deposits apparently were deposited nearer the shoreline and they are succinctly different than the heavy clay deposits in the Red River valley. Underlying the unconsolidated granular deposits, there is glacial till commonly at 75 to 100 feet deep. The glacial till may have been deposited during several glacial advances and can consist of clayey and sandy deposits. The topography was relatively flat, varying by less than about two feet across the site and region. With the flat terrain, granular soils, and little drainage, groundwater is commonly observed in the upper four feet of the soil profile. SITE CHARACTERIZATION The project site was investigated with a combination of hollow stem and mud rotary drilling with Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) at 2.5 to 5 foot intervals and Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) soundings. Total depths ranged between 20 and 100 feet for the SPT borings and. At least one boring or CPT sounding was performed at each major structure. Figure 1 is a composite plot of N-values and equivalent N-values from borings and CPTs in the area of interest for this paper.


In this study, two series of epoxy-based azo polymers with high chromophore density were synthesized and self-structured surface pattern formation on the polymer films was studied by laser light irradiation under different conditions. To synthesize the azo polymers, two epoxy-based precursor polymers (PEP-AN and PEP-35AN) were prepared by step polymerizations of N,N-di(epoxypropyl)aniline and N,N-di(epoxypropyl)-3,5-dimethylaniline with aniline and 3,5-dimethylaniline, respectively. The azo polymers were obtained through postpolymerization azo-coupling reactions between the precursor polymers and diazonium salts of 4-chloroaniline, 4-aminobenzonitrile, 4-nitroaniline, and 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline. The epoxy-based precursor polymers and azo polymers were characterized by using 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis, and DSC analyses. The self-structured surface pattern formation on films of the two series of azo polymers was studied by irradiating the polymer films with a normal-incident laser beam at two different waveleng...


About 190 mi north of San Francisco, Highway 101 crosses a canyon via the Rock Creek Bridge. The existing steel bridge had a narrow width, worn out concrete deck, foundation on fractured rock and inadequate seismic and live load capacity. These factors led the California Department of Transportation to evaluate and ultimately rebuild the Rock Creek Bridge. This article describes the evaluation process, design and construction for the new bridge. The bridge's ability to resist forces from an earthquake was evaluated as part of a program to investigate all bridges in California. After the decision was made to replace the bridge, a new concrete bridge was designed that was low maintenance, and featured barriers, safety shoulders and lane widths that met current code. A reinforced concrete box girder system was chosen for the curved superstructure due to the bridge's short span. To achieve a three-span bridge that minimized bending moments in the superstructure, the bridge supports were slanted toward the center of the canyon. The seismic design and overall bridge design criteria were in accordance with state bridge design specifications. The foundations of the new bridge were related to sturdier bedrock and the foundation system was constructed using hand-mined shafts. The new bridge passed beside the existing bridge so that traffic would not be interrupted during construction.


Abstract This paper compares the uptake of prenatal screening for fetal abnormality with that of the recently introduced test for carriers of cystic fibrosis. While the former is widely accepted, the latter appears to be of much less interest to the relevant population. It is argued that prenatal screening is seen as a part of an antenatal care 'package'. Knowledge about the tests and their implications is limited except for those women who know themselves to be at particular risk. Most of the remainder seek reassurance that all is well through antenatal care and the prenatal screening that makes up part of the package. It is argued that interest in carrier detection for genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis is limited because mast people who have not had direct contact with the disease do not see themselves to be at risk. One reason for this is that they may hold beliefs about inheritance which indicate that they cannot be a carrier if they do not have a close relative with the disease. It is suggested t...


(ACP ε) εu'ί(t) + 2Bu'ε(t) = Aue(t), ί > 0, Mβ(0) = u0 e D(A), u'£(0) = u{e D(A) in a Banach space E where A is the generator of a strongly continuous cosine family (CA(ή) commuting with the bounded operator B e 2f{E). It is well known that for e > 0 (ACPε) is well-posed, i.e., it admits a unique solution which depends continuously on the initial conditions UQ and U\. This paper is organized as follows. We first give (in case ε = 1) an explicit representation of the solution u(-) of (ACPi) in terms of C^(ί) and B . Then we use this formula to derive an estimate for the growth of u{t). In fact, we associate with (ACPi) a scalar ODE and show that its solution dominates ||w(ί)ll Finally these results are used to show convergence of uε( ) as e I 0 to the unique solution of (ACPo) 2 B u ' 0 ( t ) = A u o ( t ) , ί > 0 , «o(O) = u0 provided that the spectral bound of -B is less than zero. Moreover, from the proof of this result we conclude that under the above assumptions AB~~ generates an analytic semigroup.


Abstract A range of bentonite clays such as Wyoming (W), hybond (H), cat litter (CL) and versions exchanged with Ce3+, Y3+, La3+ and Ca2+ cations used as the corrosion inhibitors in the 5 μm polyester primer layer applied to 0·7 mm gauge hot dip zinc (0·15%Al) galvanised steel materials, over coated with a 20 μm architectural polyester coating. Similar primer systems have been prepared containing strontium chromate (Cr), Shieldex (Shd) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for the purposes of comparison. The scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) was used to probe the corrosion kinetics at sample cut edges immersed in 5%NaCl on a limited number of the coatings based on the Wyoming bentonite. The SVET determined zinc losses for the pigments tested over 24 h were as follows: Shd (920 μg), Cr (740 μg), W–Y (655 μg), W–Ce (560 μg), W (550 μg) and W–Ca (496 μg). The same samples together with all of the other pigmented coatings were also subjected to salt spray testing. The average maximum cut edge corrosion delamination distances were: Cr (14 mm), Shd (20 mm), TiO2 (100 mm), W (13 mm), H (17 mm), CL (14 mm), W–Ca (10 mm), H–Ca (15 mm) W–Ce (9 mm), H–Ce (10 mm), W–Y (13 mm) and H–Y (15 mm). The performance trends over 1000 h of salt spray testing were in broad agreement with the 24 h SVET data for those samples tested in both ways. The ion exchanged and naturally occurring bentonites appear to be promising corrosion inhibitors for coated galvanised steel. In order to maximise performance, a fully formulated system has been developed on a 4·5Al–95·5Zn galvanised substrate which has a PVC plastisol top coat. A bentonite matrix with higher ion exchange capacity (>1 mequiv g−1) and low silica content has been developed (IM–X, where X is Ce3+, Ca2+ or Zn2+). In this system delamination distances have been reduced to extremely low levels of IM–Ce 0·3 mm, IM–Ca 0·45 mm and IM-Zn 0·37 mm.


Orthogenesis is the theory that evolution occurs in a straight line, not branching, and is internally goal-directed. The theory was an attempt to explain the source of new genetic information in biological evolution. Although the theory boasted a number of prominent supporters, it did not survive scientific scrutiny and is now effectively moribund. The main problem with orthogenesis was that no plausible mechanism to drive straight-line evolution was ever demonstrated, and all of the examples used to support orthogenesis could be explained by other theories. Today the most widely accepted theory concerning the source of new genetic information is gene mutations. But mutation is regarded by some prominent biologists as an inadequate source of genetic novelty. It is important to study the doctrine of orthogenetic evolution because it prepares us to understand what may very well happen to the mutation-based evolutionary theory in the future.


In the present work the stages, the principles and the limits of rationalization of profit taxation are examined. The methods of lowering of the tax base on profit tax by means of increasing expenses promoting economic development of commercial organizations, the choice of extra charge method of depreciation on main means, the transfer of losses for the future and creation of reserves on doubtful debts and guaranteed for repairing and service are offered.


This paper exploits variation between and within countries to examine the legacy of recorded con‡icts in Africa in the pre-colonial period between 1400 and 1700. There are three main …ndings. First, we show that historical con‡ict is correlated with a greater prevalence of post-colonial con‡ict. Second, historical con‡ict is correlated with lower levels of trust, a stronger sense of ethnic identity and a weaker sense of national identity across countries. Third, historical con‡ict is negatively correlated with subsequent patterns of development looking at the pattern across grid-cells within countries. JEL: N47, O43, O55 Keywords: Con‡ict, Trust, Identity. The authors are grateful for comments from Daron Acemoglu, Bob Bates, Chris Blattman, Paul Collier, Jim Fearon, Anke Hoe er, David Laitin, Nathan Nunn and a number of conference/seminar participants. Florencia Abiuso, Paula Garda and Marian Meller provided excellent research assistance and Jordi Martin helped us to translate data from historical maps of Africa. We are grateful to Nathan Nunn and Diego Puga for suggestions on …nding data and Peter Brecke for providing data to us. Besley thanks CIFAR and Martin Newson for research support. Reynal-Querol is grateful for funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n. 203576 and acknowledges the …nancial support of the grant SEJ2007-64340 from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación. Reynal-Querol also acknowledges the support of the Barcelona GSE Research Network, the Government of Catalonia and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2011-0075).


Welcome to Volume 39, Number 4 of The Teacher Educator. In this issue are three very interesting and informative articles for your consideration. Two of the articles address timely topics related to accountability issues in teacher education, and the third article highlights the role of field observations in a methods course. In the first article, John Henning and Victoria Robinson describe four years of development of University of Northern Iowa's teacher work sample methodology for student teachers. In "The Teacher Work . Sample: Implementing Standards-Based Performance Assessment," Henning and Robinson draw on their experiences to define and describe the teacher work sample as a standards-based performance assessment tool that links student teaching performance to P-12 student achievement. The second article, "Do You See What I See? Bringing Field Experience Observations into Methods Courses," by Caroline Pryor compares two designs of coursework and field experience in a teacher preparation program. The study found that the design, organized to bring the field experience into the methods course, enhanced preservice teacher abilities to understand and explain instructional observations. The results have implications for the integration of methods coursework and field experience across content areas. Finally, in "Thinking Contextually about Accountability," Martha Whitaker highlights some of the connections between inequitable educational practices and standardized accountability. The article includes resources that can be used to foster students' commitment to teaching toward social justice, to confront the dangers of standardized accountability, and to encourage social advocacy. After two years I have decided to step down as co-editor of The Teacher Educator. It has been a very rewarding experience, and I am grateful for the opportunity to work with, excellent authors and reviewers. I wish to extend my most sincere thanks to Laurie Mullen and Lynn Siler for their dedication and commitment to excellence and to Dean Roy Weaver for his support and encouragement, and offer a welcome to Jerrell Cassady, our new co-editor. Laurie and Jerrell will be an exemplary team, and I wish them much success in this endeavor.


There is very little research on placements with family and friends in the UK (also here referred to as 'kin') and those studies that do exist generally have small samples or are part of larger investigations of other topics. This study was undertaken to provide information about the characteristics, progress and outcomes of children placed with family and friends, to compare these with a similar group of children placed with unrelated foster carers and to consider the factors that contributed to success in family and friends placements. In addition, through interviews with participants we hoped to shed light on the needs of these children and their carers.


The oilgas exploration and development in Santanghu Basin focused on the main body of Malang depression and its periphery.With the deepening of exploration,to find new areas for exploration of Volcanic oilgas reservoirs is very difficult in Turpan-Hami Oilfield.Tiaohu depression is rich in oilgas resources with low-degree exploration on Volcanic reservoirs.In this paper,the primary factors,including hydrocarbon rocks,reservoirs,caps and traps for hydrocarbon system formation are analyzed based on the experiences and drilling data in neighboring areas.It shows that there are geological conditions for reservoir in Carboniferous-Permian system in Tiaohu depression,and several favorable areas for prospect.In the next stage,explorations for volcanic reservoirs should be more active in C2h and C2b groups of Carboniferous system in Tiaohu depression,based on the explorations in Carboniferous-Permian system of Shibandun structure in southern thrust belt.


This paper focuses on the problems of data clustering where the similarity between different objects is estimated with the use of the Euclidean distance metric. Also, K-Means is used to remove data noise, genetic algorithms are used for finding the optimal set of features and the Support Vector, Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier. The experimental results prove that the proposed model has attained an accuracy of 94.79 % when using three datasets taken from the UCI repository.


The electron energy-loss spectrum of gaseous neon in the region of 1s (K-shell) excitation has been investigated using small-angle inelastic scattering of 2.5 keV electrons. The spectrum is compared with previous optical studies of Ne 1s excitation. Term values are in reasonable agreement with those for the equivalent core atom, sodium. In addition to the optically allowed 1s to np series, the optically forbidden 1s to 3s electric quadrupole transition has been observed at 865.1 eV. Values for the Ne 1s ionisation potential (870.09 eV) and an upper bound to the natural linewidth of the 1s to 3p transition (0.31 eV) have been derived.


This study aims at investigating the effect of field trip method on students' achievement in writing descriptive text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the tenth (X) grade students of SMAN 1 Tanjung Pura. The samples were two classes, XI MIA-2and XI MIA-3 which consist of 30 students in each class. The experimental group was taught by using field trip method while control group was taught by using group discussion. The instrument for collecting the data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula, the analysis showed that the score of students in the experimental group was greater than the score of students in the control group at the level of significance 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58; the t-observed is 3.67 while the t-table is 2.00. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and this implies that the hypothesis alternative (Ha) is accepted.


Abstract Over the recent past, technological advances (among other effects) have opened a grey area of intellectual property that cannot be properly covered by either of the two existing legal regimes, patent and copyright. Some innovations do not fall easily into either regime, while others seem to fall into both. In this paper it is argued that it may be possible to define a single body of law that can be molded to fit all types of intellectual product. This idea is not new – it was suggested in the legal literature some 12 years ago – but it seems to have been ignored. In the current paper, the argument goes beyond the simple suggestion that the two existing regimes could be unified, and suggests that the degree of protection that is granted could usefully be made a choice variable for creators, at a price. This is nothing more than the imposition of a Pigouvian tax system to cater for the externality that legal protection implies for society.


The research aims to carry out comprehensive diagnostics and develop diagnostic systems for vertical pumping units. The article discusses the method of technical diagnostics of large vertical pumping units to ensure reliability during their operation. An assessment of the qualitative and quantitative changes in the parameters of their operating modes during wear is given, and a diagnostic system is proposed for monitoring these parameters.


One of the most commonly mutated genes found in cancer is the tumor suppressor p53. p53 is a transcription factor capable of inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and other cellular processes thought to halt the progression of a nascent cancer. As part of a stress signaling pathway, p53 is acutely activated by ionizing radiation and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. The appearence of this DNA damage causes the concentration of p53 within the nucleus to fluctuate and pulse regularly, which can be observed in single cells using fluorescence time-lapse microscopy. From the time this was first discovered, the connection between these p53 dynamics and p53 function has been speculated upon. A key insight into this connection came from a Lahav Lab publication that demonstrated the act of pulsing, itself, controls p53-dependent transcription and cell fate. Themechanisms and molecular details behind this relationship are now an area of intense study. Another area of high interest is the broader characterization of p53 dynamics in different time-scales, genetic backgrounds, and stresses. These lines of research each depend upon single-cell measurements that are often time consuming, noisy, and yield small sample sizes. The ongoing development of experiemental and computational tools for single-cell biology is needed to overcome these limitations. In the publication referenced earlier, a novel method was created to measure p53 dynamics and gene expression in the same cell. In a seperate study characterizing p53 dynamics over long time-scales, semi-automated tracking software aided in the discovery of new p53 dynamics: sustained elevation of p53 levels that follow a period of pulsing. Population measurements showing similarly elevated p53 levels on the same time-scale are shown to depend on the late induction of the p53-target PIDD.


The multiply-detected macrodiversity (MDM) is based on post-detection combining; i.e., it is a macrodiversity scheme with a number of received signals being detected and a decision algorithm being employed to maximize the probability of correct decision. We compare the performance of the MDM scheme with the traditional S/I-diversity and show the achievable improvement. As a rule of thumb, improvement of two orders of magnitude in the BER is possible for small number of interferers.


Associative thinking can help designers to reflect over a problem situation by focusing on unrelated perspectives. During this process, a mapping of high order relations can be established between a source and a target situation. Associative thinking has much to contribute to design in general, and to design creativity in particular. This research centered on a particular form of associative thinking concerned with metaphorical reasoning. The aim was to analyze empirically the relation between associative thinking and creativity. A particular form of associative thinking based on the use of metaphors in the design studio was considered, and its relationship to the four standard creativity factors proposed by Gilford was explored. Results indicated that originality and elaboration were the most dominant factors characterizing metaphorical thinking during the design process. In contrast, fluency and flexibility were the weakest factors, poorly correlated with most variables of metaphorical thinking.Findings from this study have implications not only for design in general, but also for design education.


Abstract : The greatest inhibitor of successfully conducting Army Public Affairs is not expertise, for Public Affairs has the best assemblage of experts ever. Nor is it equipment, for even the most starkly equipped office bristles with computers, phones and faxes. No, to paraphrase Pogo, "We have met the enemy and he is Force Structure." Even though OPMS XXI allows for a competitive career path for PA professionals, Information Operations is a proven combat multiplier and more PA units will be added to the Total Army force structure over the coming years, PA remains ineffective. Non-existent central command and control, diffuse staffing and non-standard/linked equipment are but some of the reasons Army Public Affairs is unable to perform to maximum potential. Army Public Affairs must transform along with the rest of the Army into the Objective Force envisioned by the Army Chief of Staff, General Eric Shinseki, or become irrelevant. This paper looks at transforming Army Public Affairs along three congruent axes. First, transition Army Public Affairs into a capabilities-based force by moving Army PA from a service function to a command and control function. Second, designate the Chief Public Affairs as an operational commander. Third, transform Army PA into a MACOM by re-aligning services along a regional concept with surge capability to the Combatant Commanders using Criminal Investigation Command and Transformation of Installation Management concepts as models.


The government is engaged in producing and distributing of blood and blood products as a part of public health, medical and therapeutic needs through the Iranian blood transfusion organization which works under supervision of ministry of health and medical education. The multiple lawsuits of compensating blood infections have prompted the organization, to claim exemption from compensation of blood transfusion in sovereignty action by resorting to article 11 of civil liability act 1960. The fact that the government's function in supplying blood as one of the sovereignty or enterprise action, is a controversial issue and has a significant role in ending described law as an exception to the compensation for damage of blood transfusion. The present paper attempts to provide an accurate interpretation of article 11 of civil liability act 1960 and according with the international covenant civil and political rights1966, national service management act 2007, criminal procedure act 2014, charter of citizen's rights 2016, constitution law and judiciary decision, studies the necessity of compensation of blood caused by activities of blood transfusion organization and ministry of health and medical education.


Improving the lubricating performance of tribo-pairs using engineering textured surfaces has been the main focus of tribology research in recent years. The use of a suitably designed micro-texture on the bearing surface may have a beneficial effect on the performance of fluid film bearings. In the present paper, a mathematical model of a hybrid spherical thrust bearing is developed considering the effect of shear thinning and piezoviscous behaviour of a lubricant. The modified Reynolds equation for a hybrid spherical thrust bearing configuration together with a restrictor flow equation for a capillary restrictor is solved using a finite-element method. In this work, the effect of various micro-textures shapes (spherical, circular, conical and square) and non-Newtonian lubricant behaviour having shear thinning and piezoviscous effects are analysed. The numerically simulated result shows a strong dependence on the combined effect of shear thinning and piezoviscous lubricant behaviour and a chosen geometric shape of a texture. The frictional power loss is seen to reduce nearly by 24.05%, and the stiffness gets enhanced by 11.08%.


Without a central hub or backbone network, mobile ad hoc networks are made up of a loosely connected group of wireless mobile nodes that may move freely and share information with one another. Nodes in a wireless network often need to make many hops before they can communicate with any other nodes in the network due to their restricted transmission range. Due to the dynamic nature of the network topology and the inherent unreliability of the available alternate route, routing protocol in ad hoc mobile networks is challenging. In this work, we provide a multipath routing method for MANETs that is based on fuzzy controllers. The fundamental concept behind the FMRM method is to build fuzzy regulators with the aid of fewer ad hoc network reconstructions. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the suggested method when applied to MANETs. It's a method for choosing amongst several possible routes.


This article provides an analysis of political globalization as an objective global process, discusses some problems of fo-reign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has a good reputation in international relations system and it recommended itself. As reliable foreign partner. There is a conception of multivectoral of foreign policy, which demonstrates its effectiveness.


Abstract. In this paper, we examine the fuzzy neutrosophic relation having a special property that can be equivalently characterised by the essential properties of the lower and upper fuzzy neutrosophic rough approximation operators. Further, we prove that the set of all lower approximation sets based on fuzzy neutrosophic equivalence approximation space forms a fuzzy neutrosophic topology. Also, we discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions such that the FN interior (closure) equals FN lower (upper) approximation operator.


The invention relates to the field of the lithium-ion battery materials, and particularly relates to a manufacturing process for an Al-clad spherical nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material. The process comprises the following steps: an Aluminum source is dissolved in an organic solvent; the organic solvent is sprayed into a spherical nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material in a mixer; the spherical nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material is sufficiently wetted and stirred uniformly under a stirring state, and is dried in a vacuum drying machine; and the spherical nickel is processed after being clad with the Al, and then is calcined again to obtain the Al-clad spherical nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material. According to the manufacturing process for the Al-clad spherical nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, provided by the invention, the process flow is relatively simple, the cladding effect is more excellent, the tap density is higher, the material performance is excellent, and the stability and the consistency are better.


Concentrations of trace metals including 20 sediments,20 bottom water,17 pore water and 27 organisms samples from 20 sampling stations were determined in Hebei offshore during the period of May-July,2006.Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of trace metals,marine organisms did the higher one and the lowest concentrations did.The concentrations of the trace metals in the sediments were generally lower than the first level of marine sediment quality standard,while the average concentrations of Cu,Pb and Zn in bottom water were far in excess of the first level of the sea water quality standard,and the average concentrations of Cu and Zn in organisms were far in excess of the first level of the marine seafood quality standard.Moreover the average concentrations of As and Cd exceeded the human consumption standard of Australia sanitary and medical research council.The concentration factors(C.F.) of trace metals were in the range of 20~10 000.The sediments,bottom waters and pore waters showed a similar spatial distribution patterns for the concentrations of various metals(R0.6,P0.05).There was correlation(R=0.547 and R=-0.523,P0.05) between the concentrations in the organisms,sediments for trace metal Cu and Pb.


A large number of reinforced concrete (RC) structures designed according
to older codes do not satisfy the requirements of new seismic design standards. Current
codes design the buildings based on life safety criteria. In a Performance-Based Design (PBD) approach, decisions are made based on demands, such as target displacement, and the performance of the structure in use. This type of design prevents loss of life but does not limit damages or maintain functionality. As a newly developed method, Resilience-Based Earthquake Design aims to maintain functionality of buildings and provide liveable conditions after strong ground movement. In fact, Resilience-Based Design (RBD) can be
considered as the next generation of PBD. In this paper, seismic performances of a scaled eight-story frame and two full-scaled low-rise RC frames are evaluated. In order to evaluate the earthquake performance of the frames, the performance points of the two frames are calculated by the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) of ATC-40. This method
estimates the maximum response of a structure by expressing both structure capacity and the ground motion demand in terms of spectral acceleration and displacement. Finally, the seismic performances of the frames are evaluated and the results are compared with a
resilience-based design criterion.


Copyright: © 2015 Nikkhah A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The objective of this viewpoint article was to critically discuss uses or misuses of plant omical biotechnologies. The world plant science and industry is in great need of pragmatic omical biotechnologies to minimize challenges. Omical biotechnologies must not be utilized to further complicate the current complexities with outward goals. Plant science mentors must persistently educate the next plant scientists on such a critical issue. This is only way to make science solution. Plant Omical Biotechnologies: Projecting Uphills


The spatial structure of tourism shows relations of the spatial organization among all the factors in the tourism system,which reflects the spatial characteristics of tourism activities and serves as the projection of tourism activities on space. This paper analyzes the four main factors of Nanchang's tourism including junction point,path,the domain,tourist origin places by spatial analysis method. It was found that Nanchang's tourism is developing for catenarian stage,while constructing the spatial structure model of Nanchang tourism consisting of one nucleus,four tourism areas and one recreational belt.


The most massive stars known to date are R 136 a1, a2, a3, and c within the central cluster R 136a of the Tarantula nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), with reported masses in excess of 150-200$M_\odot$. However, the mass estimation of these stars relies on the assumption that they are single. We collected three epochs of spectroscopy for R 136 a1, a2, a3, and c with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the years 2020-2021 to probe potential radial-velocity (RV) variations. We combine these epochs with an additional HST/STIS observation taken in 2012. We use cross-correlation to quantify the RVs, and establish constraints on possible companions to these stars up to periods of ~10 yr. Objects are classified as binaries when the peak-to-peak RV shifts exceed 50 km/s, and when the RV shift is significant with respect to errors. R 136 a1, a2, and a3 do not satisfy the binary criteria and are thus classified as putatively single, although formal peak-to-peak RV variability on the level 40 km/s is noted for a3. Only R 136 c is classified as binary, in agreement with literature. We can generally rule out massive companions (M2>~50 Msun) to R 136 a1, a2, and a3 out to orbital periods of<1 yr (separations<5 au) at 95% confidence, or out to tens of years (separations<~100 au) at 50% confidence. Highly eccentric binaries (e>~0.9) or twin companions with similar spectra could evade detection down to shorter periods (>~10 d), though their presence is not supported by the relative X-ray faintness of R 136 a1, a2, and a3. We derive a preliminary orbital solution with a 17.2 d period for the X-ray bright binary R 136 c, though more data are needed to conclusively derive its orbit. Our study supports a lower bound of 150-200 $M_\odot$ on the upper-mass limit at LMC metallicity


University professors are important sources of social support for students who have been sexually harassed. However, research has not investigated how professors communicate with students who seek help in coping with this distressful problem. This study examines the types of social support provided by 96 professors in response to a student's narrative of unwanted sexual attention, and factors that influence their support. The results show that professors provided the student with more problem solving than emotional support. Consistent with the social support model that was a foundation for the study, the types of support were associated with the sex of the professors and student, and the professors' tolerance for sexual harassment.


A model is developed that describes evolution with respect to time of an infectious disease introduced into a population of susceptibles. The proposed model incorporates at one end Bailey's simple stochastic epidemic and at the other end the Reed-Frost chain-binomial models and is the natural stochastic analogue of Kermack and McKendrick's deterministic model. The epidemic process is characterized by the size of the population and by two infectivity functions. The first one relates to a time dependent outside source of infection. The second one describes the infectivity of an individual as a function of his age-of-infection, that is the time elapsed since his own infection. The proposed model consists of a set of partial differential equations which governs, steered by the given infectivity functions, the evolution with respect to time of a set of density functions. These density functions deliver a complete stochastic description of the infectious-age structure of the population at any moment of time. An...


Photograph of Mike Giglio speaking as a panelist during the Mayborn Literary Nonfiction Conference. The panel was titled "Drink This Kool-Aid: Reporting Narrative Stories About Cults". To Giglio's right is fellow-panelist Sydney Freedberg. The event was held at the Hilton DFW Lakes Executive Conference Center in Grapevine, Texas.


By using the temperature sensor DS18B20 to collect temperature data and the microcontroller AT89S52 as the core component,data was transmitted for procession.Via RS232 serial port,the processed data was sent to PC to draw out temperature curve for directly monitoring the temperature.The system can be also expanded to multi-channel temperature data acquisition system.


This article outlines a little-known aspect of the administration of international organizations: their External Audit . For the UN, the External Audit is entrusted to a Board of Auditors created in 1947 and composed of members of national courts or Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs). More precisely, the involvement of the French SAI, the Cour des comptes in the UN External Audit is examined. In this context, the Cour des comptes combines the international audit standards and its bicentenary practices as accounts' judge and management performance auditor.The latter are in return enhanced by the UN experience acquired. With the help of experts from several ministries, the French administration contributes to the improvement of the financial transparency and management of these organizations. At the same time, the UN system is undertaking a large-scale accounting reform, which will both facilitate and increase the work of its external auditors starting in 2010.


INTRODUCTION Sepsis following colonic surgery continues to be a problem despite different types of bowel preparation and varying combinations of oral or parenteral antibiotics. I Recently there have been encouraging reports of the use of intraincisional antibiotics giving high local concentrations with no adverse effect on wound healing.i" The role of gentamicin-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads in orthopaedic surgery, particularly in established bone sepsis, has received increasing attention. 4 The main advantage of this form of local therapy is the high concentration of gentamicin achieved at the site of infection with negligible systemic spread, exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration of most pathogens. There has been little assessment of the potential benefits of gentamicin impregnated beads in general surgery. The present trial was conducted to study their efficacy in the prevention of infection after colorectal surgery.


This paper presents a new DTC technique of induction motor based on sliding mode variable structure.It uses sliding mode controller to produce the desired voltage vectors which can have any size and direction.Instead of using hysteresis controller and switch table to produce the few fixed voltage vectors which the traditional DTC use.In addition,use SMPWM instead of conventional SVPWM.Due to the using of all techniques above,the steady and dynamic performance and the robust against the change of parameters are improved significantly,and the torque ripple is reduced highly.In this paper,first,describe the principle of this technique.Then,test it using Matlab/Simulink.The simulation results prove that this technique is accurate,and it can improve the performance significantly.


There is a general link between low serum cholesterol and increased mortality, though cardiovascular disease remains the highest cause of death. Of course, in older people there are many confounding factors, particularly the propensity for increasing numbers of medical conditions, and be taking increasing numbers of drugs. Both factors tend to increase with age, while kidneys, liver, lungs, heart and muscle have reducing effi ciency. Older people tend to eat less, as well.


The information system is used to collect information, data can be arranged and available for many users. Information system designed and processed in this bachelor thesis will provide an overview of the history of cities throught photos from users. Throught this system today modern cities offer an insight into their history. In this thesis are discussed modern technologies for system architecture, design patterns, technologies for modern web development and research in the comparision photos in terms of finding match in duplicate or similar photos. The main purpose will be collecting, sorting and photo description of cities and villages. The system will mainly benefit association "Přátel města Orlové", whose main objective is the preservation of the city's history.


Karst depression Baske Ostarije is situated on the ridge of Velebit mountain. It is morphological border between middle and south Velebit area. The depression extends from W to E in length of 4, 5 kilometers on altitude range of 900 to approximately 980 meters above the sea level. Abundance of various karts forms are scattered in Baske Ostarije and surrounding area. The depression is karst polje (contact type) with two sinking streams. Next to it few characteristic uvalas (Crni Dabar, Ravni dabar, Konjsko, Sladovaca) and blind valley of Crno vrelo stream are formed. Areas built of Tertiary breccia (Jelar sediments) are north of the polje and they are characterized by specific karsts towers landscape so called kukovi (kuk sing.) with numerous microforms. Ponor Crnog vrela is one of the most important caves in Baske Ostarije area.


Objective To investigate the expressions of PIK3CB,Akt and p-Akt in endometrial carcinoma and their clinical significance.Methods The expressions of PIK3CB,Akt and p-Akt proteins in endometrial carcinoma were determined using immunohistochemical methods of S-P and Western blot,and their clinical significance was evaluated.Results The expression levels of PIK3CB,Akt and p-Akt in endometrial carcinoma were obviously higher than those in normal proliferative-phase endometrium and atypical endometrial hyperplasia,and there were significant differences(P 0.05).In endometrial carcinoms of different clinical stages and histological types,there was no difference of the PIK3CB expression.In endometrial carcinoma,the expressions of Akt and p-Akt correlated with histological types,but did not correlate with clinical stages.Conclusion PI3K/Akt pathway may be involved in the occurrence and development of endometrial carcinoma,and can be treated as a new target for preventing and treating ednometrial carcinoma.


The projected increase in energy consumption by transportation in general and civil aviation in particular is directly opposed to the dwindling supplies of natural petroleum crude oil currently used to produce aircraft fuels. This fact dictates the need to develop even more energy conservative aircraft and propulsion systems than are currently available and to explore the potential of alternative fuels to replace the current petroleum derived hydrocarbons. Advances in technology are described in the areas of improved component efficiency, aircraft and engine integration, control systems, and advanced lightweight materials that are needed to maximize performance and minimize fuel usage. Also, improved turbofan and unconventional engine cycles which can provide significant fuel usage reductions are described. These advancements must be accomplished within expected environmental constraints such as noise and pollution limits. Alternative fuels derived from oil shale and coal are described, and the possible technological advancements needed to use these fuels in aircraft engines are discussed and evaluated with relation to potential differences in fuel characteristics.


In this study,the cold temperate coniferous forests on Guancen Mountain were regarded as the main study object.The interspecific relations of shrub and herb dominant plants under forests were investigated by using χ2 test,Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.The results showed that the number of pairs of species having negative correlation was larger than that of positive correlation among the 496 pairs of species in 32 species of plants,which indicated that the succession and update of the undergrowth plants has certain dynamic.The positive association or correlation among species-pairs was mainly resulted from their similar biological characteristics,similar biological adaptability and their separated niche.In contrast,the negative association or correlation between species-pairs was mainly caused by their different biological characteristics,different biological adaptability and overlap niche.The significant rate of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was 7.26% higher than that of Pearson's correlation coefficient,which indicated that the former was more sensitive than the latter and it can improve precision when they were both used in niche analysis.


In order to manage the higher complexity of VLSI chips and to reach shorter design cycles,thedesigneffort becomesincreasinglyfocusedonhigherlevelsof abstraction.We describethe modelingof somemodulesof an high speedtelecommunicationcircuit, an ATM Switch Controller (ASC)usingtheProtocolCompileror Dali fromSynopsys . Dali supportsa fast and compactgraphical entry of a protocol controller hardware descriptionwith graphicalsignssimilarly to formulasymbols.Theoutputof thesynthesis with Dali is simulated.Advantagesof thisdesignmethodarediscussedandtheresults of thesynthesisarepresented.


The complex refractive index of concrete is measured at 57.5 GHz by the combined use of free-space reflection and transmission methods. The measured refractive index of the concrete 14 months after concreting was 2.55-j0.084. This index, in particular the imaginary part, is sensitive to the curing time after concreting and the water content. The transmission coefficient of a concrete plate, mainly determined from the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, is less than -20 dB/cm when the concrete is fresh and moist and reaches -9 dB/cm after aging for fourteen months. In contrast, the reflection coefficient of a concrete plate is less dependent on water content.


Since "Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection" was set as the indication in the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research (JSHR) Guidelines 2009, eradication treatment for H. pylori gastritis is covered under insurance since 2013 in Japan, and the number of H. pylori eradication has rapidly increased. Under such circumstances, JSHR has made the third revision to the "Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection" for the first time in 7 years.


Objective
To observe any differences in the spontaneous activity of brain areas between Mandarin-speaking and Uyghur-speaking aphasics at rest and explore the reasons.

Methods
Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan the brains of 15 Mandarin-speaking and 12 Uyghur-speaking subjects. Statistical parametric maps of the active brain areas were prepared and low-frequency amplitude (ALEF) indexes were calculated.

Results
While at rest the ALEF indexes of the Mandarin-speakers were, on averge, larger than those of the Uyghur-speakers. The difference was primarily in the ALEF of the right thalamus.

Conclusion
At rest, the average ALEF of the right thalamus of aphasic Mandarin-speakers is larger than that of Uyghur-speakers. It might be that after a left-brain stroke the Mandarin-speakers form new language circuits with the help of the right thalamus which compensates for the loss of language function.

Key words:
Uygur; Mandarin; Magnetic resonance imaging; Aphasia


The effective way for solving the problems of deficient in water,abundant in sediment and unbalanced silt-discharge rating of the Yellow River is to increase water(water saving and interbasin diversion),reduce sediment(sediment reduction through soil and water conservation measures,sediment retaining by reservoirs on the main river and tributaries and warping conducted on Xiaobeiganliu) and regulate discharge regime.The completed silt-discharge regulation system of the river should include the 7 key reservoirs of Longyangxia,Liujiaxia,Heishanxia,Qikou,Guxian,Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi situated on the stem of the Yellow River and tributary reservoirs of Dongzhuang on the Jinghe River,Hekoucun on the Qinhe River and Luhun and Guxian on the Yiluo River and;the non-engineering system should mainly include silt-discharge forecasting system and silt-discharge regulation and control model with different spatial and time scales.The silt-discharge engineering regulation system should meet the requirements of pluriennial regulation of silt-discharge and flow power during regulated discharge regime;can regulate reservoir sediment and meet the requirements of silt-discharge condition while warping in Xiaobeiganliu,ensure no flow-breaking of the river and support economic and social development of the basin.


Field experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta to investigate the influence of fertilizer type/rates on the attainment of budding size responses of Citrus reticulata var Cleopatra mandarin. The germinated seedlings were treated with Phosphorus at 0, 12.5 and 25kg/ha and Nitrogen at 0, 12.5,25,50 kg/ha NPK 15:15:15, with added N at 12.5kg/ha NPK+12.5kg/ha Urea, 25kg/ha NPK+12.5kg/ha Urea, 50 kg/hNPK+12.5kg/ha Urea arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at three replicates. The result showed that there was no significant difference in nitrogen application rates. However, with exception of no significance difference in leaf area at 2 to 8 weeks after transplanting, significantly higher (p<0.05) responses of citrus was observed for P at 25kg/ha but was not different from unfertilized 0kg/ha. The lower response at 12.5kg/ha P could be due to nutrient antagonism. Interaction between P and N occurred only for plant height at 14 week and stem girth at 10 and 14 week.
In summary, citrus seedlings would need only P and not N applications for faster growth at seedling stage.


This paper examines the relationship between childhood cruelty toward animals and aggressive behavior among criminals and noncriminals in adulthood. Data were derived from personal interviews with 152 criminals and noncriminals in Kansas and Connecticut. A standardized, closed, and open-ended interview, requiring approximately 1-2 hours to complete, was administered to all subjects. Aggressiveness was defined by behavioral criteria rather than by reason for incarceration. Childhood cruelty toward animals occurred to a significantly greater degree among aggressive criminals than among nonaggressive criminals or noncriminals. Additionally, the occurrence of more than 40 cases of extreme animal crielty facilitated the development of a preliminary classification of nine distinct motivations for animal cruelty. Finally, family violence, particularly paternal abuse and alcoholism, were significantly more common among aggressive criminals with a history of childhood cruelty toward animals.


This research is based on increasing the Santri's interest in learning Arabic language in Islamic Boarding School of Salafiyah Syafiiyah Sukorejo Situbondo. It can be seen from various dorm areas which have been designed a particular room to learn Arabic even almost every complex. However, each complex has a different learning strategy. so, the effect on learning resultwill be different.
Based on perceptions from different sides, learning Arabic in syafahiyah is not as easy as learning Arabic theories "nahwu-sharraf". Meanwhile, Islamic boarding school environment that tends to use the classic system, learn more Arabic to comprehend classic books. For this reason, it is necessary to accentuate the purpose of every learning process.
In learning maharah al-kalam that was held in Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo boarding school, that is El-Marwah community used "ilqa strategy" to make students easier to apply vocabulary which has been memorized everyday and get more newmufrodat in every discussion process, in addition students are more confident to communicate in Arabic.


Summary A simplified method for virus-tissue culture practices accomplished in microtitration plates reduces time, materials, and effort, yet agrees well with results obtained by conventional tissue culture tube methods. Neutralization tests for poliovirus Type III performed by both methods indicated a high degree of compatibility.


In the past decade, many paper-and-pencil surveys and measures have been converted into electronic formats for administration via the Internet. In this paper, the evolution of methods of administering surveys and measures is briefly traced. This is followed by an outline of the major opportunities and constraints associated with conducting surveys and measures within the electronic environment. The paper concludes with a consideration of the appropriate situations for use of electronic surveys and measures.


As global industrialization and its associated anthropogenic activities rapidly increase, so too does the areal extent of human-altered soils. The soil classification framework must incorporate the classification schemes of these disturbed soils in order to remediate land. Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) are the most widely used soil classification systems in the world. In this study, 15 typical anthropogenic soil profiles with engineering and technical characteristics from China were selected for a classification study. The aim of this study was to clarify the classifications of these soil profiles in the ST, WRB, Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST), and Geogenetic Soil Classification of China (GSCC), and make references accordingly. The results showed that the WRB can classify these soils as Technosols in the first level. ST can classify most of these soils as subgroups within the different great groups under Entisols, as well as the Human-Altered and Human-Transported Material classes within the soil family differentiae. For Chinese soil classification schemes, there is a large loophole in the CST regarding the classification of anthropogenic soils. Many anthropogenic soils cannot reflect these soils' artificial and technical naming characteristics. For the CST, revised proposals based on the WRB and ST were proposed. Based on the artificial disturbance of soil layers, a manufactured layer was added to the diagnostic basis. The Artificalic Anthrosols suborder was added, and it can be divided into the Transporti-Artificalic Anthrosols and Alteri-Artificalic Anthrosols groups. The subgroups were defined by their levels of contamination, imperviousness, and artifact content. The "T" layer symbol was added to soil profile descriptions to reflect a specific layer about technology, such as A, E, B, and C, to reflect the main genetic horizons. This revised classification system is proposed for inclusion in the revised CST to account for the very large and expanding extent of disturbed soils in China and to remain current with other global soil taxonomy systems.


Purpose. Recently, the demand for reuse of industrial buildings that have not been in operation for some time has been increasing in Ukraine. Herewith, quite often the design of their roof requires the complete replacement and renovation by using modern roofing materials to meet the requirements of new government standards. Therefore, the choice and justification of the rational design of steel roof on the example of a short-span industrial building (18-24 m span), which is planned to be returned to exploitation after idle time, is the main goal of this publication. The object of the analysis is an unheated building equipped with bridge cranes of a small capacity (up to 10 tons). Me -thodology. To achieve this purpose, the comparison of structural variants of a roof steel collar tie was performed. Such variants include two types of collar tie cross-section –a lattice truss and a solid I-girder. The first type was analyzed for four possible types of section of elements – double angles, a roll-welded square profile, an electric-welded round tube and a rolled round tube. The second type was analyzed for two possible types of section – rolled I-section made of normal strength steel and fabricated sections of thin-gage high-strength steel. The design variants were compared on the basis of a numerical analysis of their work using the finite element method based on the software complex SCAD for Windows. Findings. According to the research results it should be stated that for the conditions of the city of Dnipro the most cost-effective variant of the steel collar tie cross section for the short-span industrial building is the truss made of electric-welded round tubes. Also the construction of collar tie made of roll-welded square profiles or fabricated section of thin-gage high-strength steel is considered quite effective. Originality. The research presented in the publication allows estimating the possibility and economic efficiency of usage for various types of cross-sections for the collar tie of a steel non-insulated roof of the industrial building for the reconstruction conditions in the Dnipro-city. Practical value. A practical estimation of mass and cost parameters for steel collar ties of various types has been carried out, and the methodology for conducting such estimation has been substantiated.


In this paper we present a system architecture and suitable control methodologies for the management and control of Distributed Generation (DG) units, Renewable Energy Resources (RES), Active Demand (AD) and storage units, being these Electric Vehicles (EV) or Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). Within the proposed platform, control methodologies allow to adapt unit generation profiles and active loads to ensure economic benefits to each actor. The key aspect is the organization in two levels of control: at residential level a Smart Home Controller (SHC) monitors and controls smart appliances while at higher level a Community Energy Management System (CEMS) coordinates generation units, negotiates consumption with SHCs and sets power grid energy withdrawals. Proposed control methodologies involve the solution of a Walrasian market equilibrium and the design of a distributed solution of a dynamic programming problem.


This paper describes an efficient method to automatize vibration diagnosis for rotating machinery using a decision tree, which is applicable to vibration diagnosis expert system. Decision tree is a widely known formalism for expressing classification knowledge and has been used successfully in many diverse areas such as character recognition, medical diagnosis, and expert systems, etc. In order to build a decision tree for vibration diagnosis, we have to define classes and attributes. A set of cases based on past experiences is also needed. This training set is inducted using a result-cause matrix newly developed in the present work instead of using a conventionally implemented cause-result matrix. This method was applied to diagnostics for various cases taken from published work. It is found that the present method predicts causes of the abnormal vibration for test cases with high reliability.


Review of: Drawing Power: Children of Compost, curated by Joana P. R. Neves, Drawing Lab, Paris, France, 26 June‐30 September 2021 and Frac Picardie, Amiens, France, 4‐10 July 2021


Numerus Clausus Prinzip (No real right without law makes it so.) is a hoary principle in real right law and once was deemed the least controversial principle in the process of enacting China's Real Right Act. However, more and more suspicion is being aroused against the principle and some people even impute the rigidness and enclosure of the real right to the principle and blame that it impairs the autonomy of the parties. Objectively speaking, at present, maintaining Numerus Clausus Prinzip is by far more consistent with China's practical demand than arbitrarily creating real right, which can more effectively ensure safe and speedy transactions, efficiently cheapen transactional cost and raise the efficiency of allocation of resources.


The effect on aerodynamic performance of a single row of spanwise-spaced coolant holes located at four positions chordwise along the suction surface was investigated. In addition, multiple-row data were obtained. The data are presented in terms of primary efficiency, coolant-to-primary-flow percentage, and coolant pressure ratio. Primary efficiencies of multirow blade configurations compare satisfactorily with that calculated from the single-row efficiency increments. At any given coolant flow percentage, the efficiency was about the same for all row locations. For a given coolant pressure, the efficiency varied by as much as 1 percent, depending on the row location.


A tri-window printed monopole antenna with wideband characteristics is proposed in this paper. Compact size, uniform gain and stable radiation patterns at high frequencies make the proposed design a good candidate for its integration in portable communication devices. FR-4 with dielectric constant 4.4 and height 1.6mm has been used as substrate. Antenna having overall dimensions of 28.7 × 24.8 × 1.6 mm3 exhibits wideband characteristics ranging from 2.27 to 7.35 GHz at VSWR ≤ 2 applicable for WiBro (2.3-2.4 GHz), Bluetooth (2.4-2.484 GHz), Wi-Fi/WLAN/Hiper LAN/IEEE 802.11 2.4GHz (2412-2484 MHz), 3.6GHz (3657.5-3690.0MHz) and 4.9/5.0GHz (4915- 5825MHz, 5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.47-5.725 GHz), LTE band 7 (2.5- 2.69GHz), LTE band 22 (3.41-3.6 GHz) and WiMAX 2.3GHz (2.3-2.5GHz), 2.5GHz (2500-2690 MHz), 3.3GHz, 3.5GHz (3400- 3600MHz) and 5.8GHz (5.6-5.9GHz).


Background: The discontinuation of antibiotics is ideal if a viral infection is diagnosed. However, it remains uncertain whether in clinical practice, this applies to immunocompromised patients. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of hospitalized febrile oncology patients that cease or continue antibiotics with positive respiratory viral panels (RVP) with negative bacterial cultures. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated hospitalized febrile oncology patients divided into 2 groups: patientswith antibiotics discontinued within 72 hours of a positive RVP and those continued on antibiotics beyond 72 hours of a positive RVP. Patients were included if they were at least 18 years of age, had active malignant disease, a positive RVP result, and negative bacterial cultures. The primary endpoint was a composite of readmissions, escalation of care to intensive care unit, or death. Results: A total of 243 charts were reviewed with 127 admissions meeting inclusion criteria. Sixty-three patients were included in the antibiotics discontinued within 72 hours group and 64 patients were included in the antibiotics continued after 72 hours group. The most common defined malignancy was lymphoma (22%), and the 3 most common viruses identified were rhinovirus/enterovirus (56.7%), influenza A (12.6%), and human metapneumovirus (12.6%). The composite primary outcome occurred in 26.2% of patients in the antibiotic-continued group compared with 27% in the antibiotic-discontinued group. Conclusions: Discontinuing antibiotics in oncology patients with a positive RVP result without concurrent bacterial infections did not lead to a significant increase in 30-day readmission, intensive care unit admission, or death.


Overview In 2002 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released the document "OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security" (OECD, 2002). This initiative calls for approaching information security globally, although only 30 countries are members of OECD (OECD, 2004a). United States (US) has been a member of OECD since 1961. This document marked a "new international understanding of the need to safeguard the information systems on which we increasingly depend for our life" ("OECD publishes," 2002). The guidelines "Towards a Culture of Security" specify that Information Technology (IT) users have "to be aware of the need for security of information systems and networks". After releasing the initial document, the OECD Working Party on Information Security and Privacy (WPISP) promoted implementation plans, revised plans, and monitored the efforts to promote a "Culture of Security" among all participants who develop, own, provide, manage, and use information systems and networks. The document emphasizes a culture of security in all aspects of information systems, from designing and planning through to everyday use, and among all participants, from government down through business to consumers. The guidelines promote nine principles: awareness, responsibility, response, ethics, democracy, risk assessment, security design and implementation, security management, and reassessment. In addition, a Web site "Culture of Security" has been created to promote a global "culture of security". In February 2003, the US government released the final version of the document "National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace" which lays out five public and private sector priorities. Among those priorities is "A national cyberspace security awareness and training program" (Goth, 2003). In June 2003, the US Department of Homeland Security created the National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) that supports creation of cyber security awareness programs for the US public and for various international communities. However, recent worms, viruses, and denial of service attacks show that the Information Technology (IT) workforce is not prepared to handle such attacks because of "poor security awareness and training" (McConnell & Hamilton, 2002). According to the survey "Hacker Homelands" of third quarter in 2003 provided by Internet Security Systems Inc., approximately 84.95% of cyber attacks originate from North America ("Security log," 2003). Intruders known as hackers may be novices (called also script-kiddies) or vicious criminals. Statistics show that more than 90% of computer attacks are initiated by teenagers. These attacks make security education increasingly important in schools starting at a very early age. Many intruders use social engineering techniques to persuade someone to reveal access codes, passwords, or other confidential information. Threats, such as viruses spread via email, achieve their destructive goal through social engineering. "That is, by psychologically manipulating or tricking the user to do something" (Volonino & Robinson, 2004) quickly that maybe be very dangerous. The success of the mass spread of the ILoveYou virus is because of its attention grabbing email subject. In fact, social engineering is a collection of techniques used to fool the users. These techniques succeed well with uneducated users. In June 2004, the Internet intrusion called a scob attack "exploited a powerful new assault technique" that affected many Web sites (Leavitt, 2004, p. 16). This attack "has computer security officials worried that it could be a harbinger of worse things to come" and it has sent a signal that we can expect "scob-like attacks to become more targeted and sophisticated" in the future (Leavitt, 2004, p. 18). Leavitt (Leavitt, 2004, p. 18) advises that "the best proactive steps involve educating users, system administrators, and software manufacturers". …


In support of the Boundary Layer Transition (BLT) Flight Experiment (FE) Project in which a manufactured protuberance tile was installed on the port wing of Space Shuttle Orbiter Discovery for STS-119, STS- 128, STS-131 and STS-133 as well as Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour for STS-134, a significant ground test campaign was completed. The primary goals of the test campaign were to provide ground test data to support the planning and safety certification efforts required to fly the flight experiment as well as validation for the collected flight data. These test included Arcjet testing of the tile protuberance, aerothermal testing to determine the boundary layer transition behavior and resultant surface heating and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) testing in order to gain a better understanding of the flow field characteristics associated with the flight experiment. This paper provides an overview of the BLT FE Project ground testing. High-level overviews of the facilities, models, test techniques and data are presented, along with a summary of the insights gained from each test.


ABSTRACT Librarians, researchers and practitioners should always consult grey literature as a resource for systematic reviews because it yields information that is not found in proprietary databases and indexes. The 19th International Conference on Grey Literature, GreyNet International, (GL19) was dedicated to research, publication, open access, education, and public awareness of grey literature. This article looks at one librarian's participation in the GL19 and the collaborative efforts of others in papers, posters and a panel discussion produced for the conference.


Conclusions 1. A serological reaction has been obtained between sera of patients with sarcoidosis and antigens from anonymous mycobacteria, using agar diffusion technic. 2. The reaction has occurred in sera of 28 of 32 patients, 3 of which changed from negative to positive as lesions improved. 3. The data permit no conclusion as to specificity of this reaction, but suggest its value as an additional diagnostic method in sarcoidosis. The author expresses gratitude to Dr. M. M. Cummings, Oklahoma City; Dr. Helen Dickie, Madison, Wis.; Dr. Edwin Kendig, Richmond, Va.; and Dr. Howard Buechner, New Orleans, for assistance in obtaining sera from their several areas. The author wishes to express his great obligation to Miss Maro Speight, whose untiring and enthusiastic efforts have made this study possible, and to Dr. Lloyd Hirshberger, San Angelo, Texas, for providing sera and information on the sanatorium patients.


BHU Future Farming Centre, Canterbury, New Zealand Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Correspondence Charles N. Merfield, BHU Future Farming Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand. Email: email@example.com Funding information The Agricultural and Marketing Research and Development Trust ; The Massey-Lincoln Agriculture and Life Sciences Partnership for Excellence; Lincoln University Summer Scholarship Crop losses caused by the tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli) and blight (Alternaria solani; Phytophthora infestans) continue to be major concerns for potato (Solanum tuberosum) growers worldwide, and commercial crops often require frequent use of agrichemicals to maintain tuber yield and quality. Nevertheless, a paradigm shift is unfolding in crop protection where new tools, such as physical barriers and light-modifying filters, are being used to develop chemical-free approaches for pest and disease control. In this study, we examined the use of crop covers as a non-chemical method for controlling TPP and reducing blight in field potatoes. Our study demonstrated that those plants grown under mesh covers exhibited reduced levels of blight, TPP and associated psyllid yellows. Additionally, potatoes grown under mesh covers exhibited increased yield (91.4 ± 6.9 SD t/ha) compared with both uncovered control plants (75.0 ± 11.8 t/ha) and plants grown using agrichemical pest control (84.5 ± 10.8 t/ha). The plants grown under mesh produced fewer smaller tubers, with increased average and maximum tuber size, so that marketable yield (tubers ≥60 g) was also increased (83.5 ± 7.5 t/ha), compared with that achieved for uncovered control plants (60.0 ± 8.3 t/ha) and plants grown using agrichemicals (69.6 ± 9.2 t/ha). A second field experiment suggested that the incidence of TPP foliage damage and the development of blight were lowest when the passage of ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation through the crop cover was reduced. This hypothesis was supported by a third trial where potatoes grown outdoors in pots exhibited reduced TPP foliage damage and fewer resident TPP when grown under UV-blocking plastic screens. The results of these experiments suggest that the use of mesh covers offers new opportunities to sustainably protect potato crops both by acting as a physical barrier and by modifying the wavelength of light incident on the crop.


This paper focuses on the investigations conducted by the University of Cagliari in the former military area of the site of Nora during the last excavation campaigns (2015-2016). There are six excavation areas: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron and Omega. The operations provided evidence of the presence of walls belonging to a large building, with three quadrangular rooms, that appears to extend to the east of the segment of the E-F road, identified in the previous excavation season. This article provides a preliminary report too on the terracotta votive figures from the zone of the former military area of Nora. They are figurines of various types, most of which are fragmentary, mold-made, depicting male and female characters. Most of the terracotta votives come from a trench cut into the ground, and they are perhaps linked to a sacred area not yet localized. The paper focuses on a monumental fountain too, excavated in the NE corner of the former military area.


Purpose. The purpose of this article is to show how the group-dynamic approach, as developed by the social psychologist Kurt Lewin in his field theory, deepens learning during the debriefing phase. Design/Methodology/Approach. This article offers insight into Lewin's field theory and its main principles for social learning within groups by addressing the group dynamics of simulation and gaming. We discuss the potential gains of using emerging group dynamics, and present concrete methodological suggestions. Findings. Seen from a systemic-constructivist view, group conflicts often mirror those in organizational, contextual, or social settings. These conflicts and contradictions can be made visible through emotions. Connecting emotions and simulation dynamics makes the insights for participants more relevant and easily transferable to real life situations. Limitations/Implications. Lewin's ideas have spread widely, and many researchers have worked to develop them further. Lewin's thoughts seem to be integral to Simulation & Gaming, although links to his work are not often cited or mentioned explicitly. Despite his theory's apparent impact on much of gaming and simulation, many gamers still fail to integrate principles of group dynamics in game and debriefing design. Originality/Value. Group dynamics during simulations are often close to real life experiences and can be very demanding. Facilitators may link group dynamics to the content of the simulation, thereby deepening social learning and the understanding of complex systems.


Magnetic susceptibility measurements of the tetrahedrally coordinated system [CH3C9NH2)2]2CuCl4 (Acetamidinium tetrachloro-cuprate II) made on a vibrating sample magnetometer show it to be a weak pseudo one-dimensional anti-ferromagnet with the dominant exchange, J2/k = -2.15K, directed along chains of magnetic Cu++ ions. A weaker intraplanar exchange, J1/k = 0.66, indicates ferromagnetic ordering between chains. A Curie temperature of -1.6K was measured. Susceptibility data reveal an unexpected double peak at 2.5K and 1.8K suggesting the interesting possibility of two phase transitions corresponding" to antiferromagnetic ordering of different sublattice pairs. Consistent with crystallographic data reported by Emerson et al. (in press), these sublattice pairs are formed by two crystallographically distinct distorted tetrahedral CuCl4 groups linked into chains by intermediate acetamidinium ions. It is proposed that these two inequivalent independent chains form a unique four-sublattice system in which one set of chains order throughout the crystal at 2.5K, followed by a three dimensional ordering at 1.8K. This interpretation is consistent with critical EPR linewidth broadening of two separate resonances at the two reported temperatures. Finally, no evidence for an easy axis was found, however, the possibility of a magneto-structural phase transition occurring at 2600 Oe is presented. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE PSEUDO ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEISENBERG SPIN ONE-HALF ANTIFERROMAGNET ACETAMIDINIUM TETRACHLOROCUPRATE(II) by Lisa Anne Landenburger A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Master of Science in


: A case study of updating a quality management system (QMS) from ISO 9001:2008 to ISO 9001:2015 is presented. The QMS has covered all activity in a software developing, selling, and implementing ERP projects based on Dynamics AX SME. In the case study requirements of the new 2015 version were analysed. Some areas of the initial QMS needed modifications. BPMN has been introduced as process notation and some processes, roles, tools, and artefacts in risk, knowledge, and change management had also to be newly developed or modified.


It is one of the effective measure to extend the forecast period by coupling the rainfall numerical grid forecasting and flood forecasting.But the rainfall numerical grid forecasting is the mid-short term product and there is considerable deviation between the forecasting result and the actual rainfall.A correction method is presented to correct the other grid rainfall amount by the rainfall information and absolute error in the observatory rainfall station.The correct reference data are not need to interpolate in every grids thus avoids the influence of incorrect interpolation.The rainfall space distribution keep well with the correction of the whole deviation of rainfall grid forecasting.The method is tested in upstream basin of the Panjiakou reservoir and the result is good.


High-resolution LCDs with large work information area are required for PC and monitor applications. However, the high resolution leads to finer lines and smaller size in characters. In order to investigate relationship between LCD resolution and character readability, the authors performed an ergonomic evaluation of character readability using a 15-inch XGA TFT-LCD (86ppi) and UXGA TFT-LCD (133ppi). The results indicated that the 15-inch UXGA offered superior readability. Additionally, we were able to find some factors affecting character readability, including the balance of character size and stroke width.


The incidence of ischaemic stroke is low in women of reproductive age but increased in women with migraine, particularly if they also take combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Since there is limited evidence that this risk may be further focused on some groups of women with migraine, this paper presents current recommendations for COC use by a confirmed migraineur, pending further data.


Death and Life in Afghanistan IT HAS BEEN FOUR YEARS NOW SINCE I LAST WROTE ABOUT war. That was Iraq; this is Afghanistan. I'm not sure if this is the same war or a different one, and from my perspective as a trauma surgeon, it really doesn't matter. Death is still death, life is still life, and I know which side I am on. When last I wrote, I received a surprisingly large correspondence in return. Most correspondents were very supportive of what we in military medicine are doing out here. Some reminisced of different wars in different times that were, ultimately, still the same. A few viewed my opus as antiwar sentiment at its finest and lauded my courage in "raging at the machine." My motivation for writing is my own, but someone once said that after the piece is written, it belongs not to the writer but to the reader. They told us that Afghanistan would not be Iraq. From where I sit, on an endless plain of nothing known to the locals as the Desert of Death, I beg to differ. The inside of my operating room, again a tent, looks the same. The dust on everything is the same thickness. The mangled bodies bleed, then stop bleeding, as before. The body bags are still black. The medical team is different, yet the same. Again I am the only trauma surgeon and, until Rob arrived recently, the only physicianwithanyrealdeploymentexperience inacombatenvironment. Iamstill surroundedby19-year-oldcorpsmen, full of the optimism and indestructibility of youth, but seasoned withenougholdhandsthat theyhavepeople to turnto, relyon, andcommiseratewith.Thenurses areall rookies in thisgame. We have moved a few times since we arrived in Afghanistan, so we are either comfortable with the uncertainty or inured to our discomfort, as individual personalities dictate. After 200 patients or so, Death is no surprise to us, although it is certainly not a daily visitor. Its first victim here, only a week after we had set up, was a shock only in that the soldier survived long enough to reach us, his body as shattered as it was. Even those who had never seen such destruction had harbored no false optimism, and their grief, while real, held no sense of failure. Since then we have won more than we have lost, those passing the final curtain being only the truly hopeless cases that we nevertheless tried to save. AnotherMarinecomes in, receivingCPR,andwegotowork. Multiple IED fragments to the neck and leg, but the miracle of modern body armor has preserved his torso. Between compressions, ultrasound shows some little cardiac activity. My team, once tyros, are now well practiced, and within two minutes we have bilateral subclavian central lines and a largebore IV in place, with blood being pumped in everywhere. A few minutes more and we have a blood pressure, admittedly poor,but then ithadnowhere togobutup.Henowhasenough volume on board to exsanguinate, again, from his neck. I hold pressure on the arterial bleeding from his neck wounds while Deb and Rob scrub. Rob is the grizzled veteran of many wars: Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and others in-between. Deb is the youngster now blossoming as a trauma surgeon, who will teach more than she is taught once she starts her fellowship. Me, I'm the middle guy along for the ride. Theneck isabloodymess,nosurprise.Bilateralneckexplorations are done, the lacerated external carotid is ligated, fragments and rocks are removed, numerous venous bleeders are attended to, and all surgical bleeding is controlled. While we have been doing this, Doug the orthopod has placed an externalfixatorontheopenfemurfractureandwashedoutthewound, cursingbitterly thatourotherRob, the"traumapod," isn'there right now to help. John, Jeremy, and Monte, our trio of gaspassers, have given 45 units of blood and blood products, filling the tank for the hour it took for the surgeons to plug the holes. But we're caught up and the man's alive. He is flownoutbyhelicopterMedevac, Jeremyinattendance and still resuscitating. But he makes it to the next rung up the longladderofmedicalcareintheGlobalWaronTerror,orwhateverwearecalling it thesedays.There,we learnhereceivesanother 100 units for his coagulopathy, but lives. And on to the nextstop,andthenext,andfinally,hopefully,home.Homealive. He and his family do not know our names, nor do they need to. We are just a few of the hundreds of people who make up the many links in the several-thousand-mile-long chain of medical care for our wounded Marines, sailors, soldiers, and airmen. If one link breaks, it all fails. So either we all get the credit, or none of us does. Remember that, the next time you see someone at some meeting beating his chest or blowing his trumpet. It's a team sport. I wrote before of working to save the "one percent," that small fraction of trauma patients receiving CPR who survive. He is our "one percenter," who by all rights should have died, and probably would have died even at the best Level I trauma center in the United States. He is the justification for why we do what we do. We still pull out all the stops for them, as we do in every war, because we have to. We do it for them, for their comrades, and for ourselves. Because when these young men and women go "outside the wire," they need to know that we will. There is no "futile care" here. And the next one will be a "one percenter" too. He has to be. And whether Afghani or American, we treat them the same. Because death is still death, life is still life, and we know which side we are on. CDR Zsolt T. Stockinger, MC, USN Somewhere in Afghanistan firstname.lastname@example.com


In this work we analyze electrooculogram (EOG) signals' properties, and propose two recognition algorithms for translating signal patterns into actual eye movements. The objective is to provide a reliable and low cost classification method for Human Machine Interface (HMI) applications. An EOG signal database is generated through an acquisition system. This database is later used to validate the proposed pattern recognition methods, in which the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was applied to represent the signal with less coefficients. Finally, the results are presented and compared with other extraction methods to distinguish patient's intents through EOG. Keywords— Eletrooculogram, Human machine interface, Pattern recognition, Discrete Wavelet Transform.


Our basic model has two parts, to divide the data set according to different classes by K-mean Clustering Analysis, and to find the optimal strategy by using eclectic fuzzy decision-making model. In the extended model, we discuss the return on investment and define the return on investment (ROI) for a charitable organization such as the Goodgrant Foundation. Considering the progress of students during the college and analyzing the data for five years, the result of the optimal strategy is obtained. The 7383 colleges are divided into 6 clusters by using the K-mean Clustering Analysis method. Moreover, we analyze the values of the relative parameters and find the colleges of the forth type are optimal. The result of cluster analysis shows that the number of the universities more likely to be donated is 1309. Next, considering the five major elements that impact the optimal strategy and using eclectic fuzzy decision-making method, the top 50 colleges that will be donated is obtained. Finally, considering that the progress the students make in the college might impact the optimal strategy, the enrollment achievement is taken into account. After considering the enrollment achievement, it turns out that the ranking of the universities changed greatly. Meanwhile, when different weight is attached to the five elements, the result also changes.


The reignited enthusiasm over embryonic cells was further fanned by news that adult blood and bone marrow stem cells, despite earlier reports, appear to be poor candidates for mending damaged hearts. One research team at Indiana University, Bloomington, and the University of Washington, Seattle, failed to find evidence in mice that blood stem cells actually differentiate into heart muscle cells, a concept publicized during the debate over federal funding of embryonic stem cells in the summer of 2001 (Nature. Published online March 21, 2004). After injecting the mice with specially treated marrow stem cells, the team could not find any daughter cells in the animals' hearts despite a thorough search for genetic markers. They then tried a more direct approach, grafting the marrow cells directly onto mouse hearts during surgery. Again, they found no evidence of differentiation, and the stem cell– engrafted hearts had grown only as many new heart cells as shamengrafted hearts. Even if blood and marrow stem cells can grow into heart tissue, the technique may not be safe, according to a report from the University of California, Davis. Veterinarians there found that injecting bone marrow stem cells into dogs led to myocardial infarction (Lancet. 2004;363:783-786).


Steel reinforcement bars manufacrured by the Tempcore process are claimed by the manufacrurers to have beneficial effects on the yield strength and bendability of the bars. However, these Tempcore bars appeared to develop surface rusting faster than bars manufactured by conventional hot rolling and in many instances they are rejected by the Engineer's supervisory staff on site because of their appearance. The Standing Committee on Concrete Technology's Sub-committee on Specification for Reinforcement requested the Public Works Central Laboratory (PWCL) to undertake a study on the development of surface rusting of reinforcement bars manufactured by conventional hot rolling and by the Tempcore process under various exposure conditions. The PWCL conducted two series of exposure tests. on the two types of bars. In the Series 1 study, the bars were kept in a ventilated room at the PWCL Building (next to the Kai Tak Nullah in Kowloon Bay) under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions. In the Series 2 study, three groups of bars were subjected to different exposure conditions, ranging from completely sheltered conditions to direct exposure to the atmosphere. The investigation showed that when both the conventional and Tempcore bars were kept under the same exposure conditions, the latter developed surface rusting faster than the former bars.


An attempt has been made to excite some long-lived nuclear isomers with bremsstrahlung of maximum energy 0.8 MeV. Previously reported activities in lead and selenium were not found. Excitation of the silver isomers is discussed.


In International Journal of Cosmetic Science Volume 17, Number 6 (1995), the co-author J. Arnaud-Battandier of the paper "New ex-vivo method for evaluating the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreens" was affiliated to the wrong institution. J. ArnaudBattandier works for Laboratoires LUTSIA, 17 rue de Pontoise, Osny, France. The Publishers and the Editors would like to apologize for any inconvenience this might have caused.


In this work, the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund type strong law of large numbers for weighted sums of widely orthant dependent random variables is established under mild conditions including infinite variance. As applications, some new results such as the Cesàro strong law of large numbers, the strong consistency of the least squares estimator in multiple linear regression models, and the strong consistency of the wavelet estimator in nonparametric regression models are presented. Simulation studies are also provided to support the theoretical results.


Summary With the advances in pulsed laser systems, microscopic imaging techniques such as multiphoton and pump-probe fluorescence microscopy have developed into effective tools for investigating intensity and time-resolved phenomena inside biological systems. However, pulsed lasers used in these techniques usually are commercial systems with repetition frequencies of around 80 MHz. While these systems have proven to be adequate for multiphoton and pump-probe microscopic imaging applications, the temporal separation of the laser pulse train (around 12.5 ns) is long compared to the fluorescence lifetimes of many common fluorescence species. In this work, we present the designs of repetition rate multipliers based on passive optical components that can be used to increase the efficiency in multiphoton and pump-probe fluorescence microscopy. Depending on the lifetime of fluorescence molecules under investigation, the passive repetition rate multiplier can increase the duty cycle of multiphoton or pump-probe microscopy up to fourfold.


The long-term response of Arabidopsis thaliana to increasing CO 2 was evaluated in plants grown in 800 µl I -1 CO 2 from sowing and maintained, in hydroponics, on three nitrogen supplies: "low," "medium" and "high." The global response to high CO 2 and N-supply was evaluated by measuring growth parameters in parallel with photosynthetic activity, leaf carbohydrates, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) messenger RNA and protein, stomatal conductance (g s ) and density. CO 2 enrichment was found to stimulate biomass production, whatever the N-supply. This stimulation was transient on low N-supply and persisted throughout the whole vegetative growth only in high N-supply. Acclimation on low N-high CO 2 was not associated with carbohydrate accumulation or with a strong reduction in Rubisco amount or activity. At high Nsupply, growth stimulation by high CO 2 was mainly because of the acceleration of leaf production and expansion while other parameters such as specific leaf area, root/shoot ratio and g s appeared to be correlated with total leaf area. Our results thus suggest that, in strictly controlled and stable growing conditions, acclimation of A. thaliana to long-term CO 2 enrichment is mostly controlled by growth rate adjustment. Abbreviations - A sat , assimilation rate at saturating irradiance; C a , external CO 2 concentration; C i , intercellular CO 2 concentration; FACE, free-air CO 2 enrichment; FW, fresh weight; g s , stomatal conductance; IRGA, infrared gas analyzer; mRNA, messenger RNA; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; PGI, phosphoglucose isomerase; RBCL, Rubisco large subunit; RBCS, Rubisco small subunit; RH, relative humidity; R/S, root-to-shoot ratio; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; SD, stomatal density; SDSPAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SLA, specific leaf area; TLA, total leaf area; V c,max , maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco.


It is noted that four cultural dimensions greatly influence communication in multicultural markets: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, and masculinity/femininity, these dimensions influence such key behavioural processes as motivation and leadership. The authors examine how organizations operating in multicultural markets deal with these challenges through the use of approaches such as cultural assimilators. An example of a cultural assimilator situation is presented.<<ETX>>


Most cetacean species are wide-ranging and highly mobile, creating significant challenges for researchers by limiting the scope of data that can be collected and leaving large areas un-surveyed. Aerial surveys have proven an effective way to locate and study cetacean movements but are costly and limited in spatial extent. Here we present a semi-automated pipeline for whale detection from very high-resolution (sub-meter) satellite imagery that makes use of a convolutional neural network (CNN). We trained ResNet, and DenseNet CNNs using down-scaled aerial imagery and tested each model on 31 cm-resolution imagery obtained from the WorldView-3 sensor. Satellite imagery was tiled and the trained algorithms were used to classify whether or not a tile was likely to contain a whale. Our best model correctly classified 100% of tiles with whales, and 94% of tiles containing only water. All model architectures performed well, with learning rate controlling performance more than architecture. While the resolution of commercially-available satellite imagery continues to make whale identification a challenging problem, our approach provides the means to efficiently eliminate areas without whales and, in doing so, greatly accelerates ocean surveys for large cetaceans.


This year is the year for our medium sized and mini sized enterprises to touch net. As the ISPs of our country opening up their b usinesses to meet this brilliant year, I can′t keep silent. Through the research on domestic ISP services and current situation in enterprises′ n etwork, and the successful experiences of man sized enterprises, I bring forward a suit of solution program for our medium sized and mini sized enterprises.


An experimental study of the application of Silica fume for the high strength concrete was conducted. Nine specimens with three different contents of silica fume, 0%, 10%, 20% and with three water-cement ratio 30%, 40%, 50% were tested. Results shows that 10% of silica fume and 30% of water-cement r...


In India, the Central Marine Fisheries Research
Institute, succeeded In developing a viable
technology for pearl culture using Pinctadajiicata
in 1973 and since then research is continuing
to improve the technology. Further, the successful
development of hatchery technology for the
production of pearl oyster spat during 1981 led
to production of pearl oyster seed overcoming the
problem of non-availability of seed from the wild
for pearl culture industry