This paper presents a technique for flood flow frequency analysis called the Storm Response Index (SRI), and a case study using the technique. The SRI method is based on the development of a long term synthetic rainfall record and detailed simulation of selected events from this record with a rainfall-runoff model. It is useful when basin response has been affected by urbanization, when runoff records are not available, and when potential benefits from an accurate flood frequency determination are high. The case study presents results from a study of the highly urbanized Mystic River Basin near Boston, Massachusetts, where the SRI method was applied.


The Radiobiology Laboratory at the University of Utah was established to study the long-term effects of five radionuclides in adult beagle d0gs.l These radionuclides are: 2 8 9 P ~ (plutonium), 22eRa (radium), 228Ra (mesothorium) , 2z8Th (radiothorium), and OOSr (strontium). The major site of deposition for these nuclides is the skeleton. This paper represents a comparative study of the effects of 239Pu, 228Th, 228Ra, and 226Ra on certain blood values studied in this laboratory. zzSTh and 228Ra were chosen because they are daughter products of the parent nuclide 232Th which is the principal nuclide found in thorotrast. 239Pu was selected because it is chemically similar to zz8Th (they belong to same series of actinide elements) and has a similar distribution pattern. Plutonium and radiothorium are found in the reticuloendothelial (RE) cells of as well as other RE-containing organs. 22aRa was chosen because its distribution in the animal is identical to 228Ra. The mode of decay and half lives for these nuclides are dissimilar (TABLE 1 ) . All of these nuclides produce a number of radioactive daughters with the exception of 239Pu. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of these radionuclides on the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic (SGOT) , serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin and globulins and albumin/globulin ratio. It is hoped that the data to be presented on the effects of two daughters of 232Th (22sRa and 228Th) on blood chemistry may be of use in studies of the effects of thorotrast.


Insects are a key part of the earth's life support system, making reports of steep declines a great concern. Our study, one of the largest assessments of insect biodiversity to date, identifies climate change and intensive agriculture as key drivers of declines. We show that declines are most profound when these drivers are combined, but that preserving natural habitat can protect against loss.


The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with free electrons in the presence of an active medium has several appealing outcomes. Among them the PASER scheme, standing for Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In the framework of this scheme, energy stored in an active medium (microscopic cavities) is transferred directly to an e‐beam traversing the medium, and therefore, accelerating the former. Recently, a proof‐of‐principle experiment of this concept was performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory reaching a gain of 200keV in the kinetic energy of a 5ps, 0.1nc and 45MeV quasi‐mono‐energetic macro‐bunch which is modulated by its interaction with a CO2 laser pulse in an adequate wiggler. In the framework of this proof‐of‐principle experiment both the fundamental frequency of the train of micro‐bunches and the medium's resonance frequency (CO2 mixture) are matched. A good agreement is found between the energy gain and a 2D analytic model that has been developed.


Introduction F LOW separation has been an important issue of study in  uid mechanics that often occurs in aircraft engineering applications. One of the classical topics involved is the stalled airfoil performance at high angle of attack (a). For an airfoil at a high a, the strong interaction between the separated  ow and the freestream creates a complex  ow phenomenon, and many techniques, such as acoustic excitation, boundary-layer blowing or suction, and oscillating- ap excitation, have been tested to control the separated  ow for improving the airfoil's aerodynamic performance. In the past few decades acoustic excitation in controlling  ow separation has been broadly investigated. However, Chang et al. found that the in uence of the internal velocity perturbations on the  ow structure is more important than that of the pressure  uctuations. As a result the effectiveness is limited in some cases. When the a of the airfoil greatly exceeds the stalled angle, no signiŽ cant aerodynamic improvement is achieved by the acoustic excitation technique. For the oscillating- ap excitation technique, Francis et al. mounted a vertical oscillating strip on the surface of the NACA 0012 airfoil and found that the vortex structure generated is very similar to that of dynamic stall over the airfoil. Their results show that the  ow structure after the oscillating-strip excitation becomes an energetic rotating  uid. Miau and Chen also studied a vertically oscillating-strip excitation on the turbulent boundary layer over a wall and found that the vortices shed from the oscillating strip enhance the momentum transfer between the freestream and the boundary layer, which makes the reattachment of vortices occur more upstream. Hsiao et al. applied an oscillating  ap on the leading edge of a NACA 633018 airfoil and showed that the lift coefŽ cient increases when the excitation frequency corresponds to the vortex-shedding frequency. However, the lift-to-drag coefŽ cient does not always increase. When the leading-edge oscillating  ap perturbs the shear layer in the leading-edge portion a better result can be obtained. Although it has been proven that the sectional lift coefŽ cient of a high-a airfoil is increased by  ap excitation at certain excitation frequencies and positions of the  ap, no conclusive result was obtained as regards the oscillating mode shapes of the  ap motion. In this study, six different oscillating modes of the  ap motion are employed to study the effectiveness of the aerodynamic improvement of a high-a airfoil. Phase averaging of pressure  uctuations on the airfoil's surface is calculated for investigating the dynamic leading-edge vortex evolution.


Depositing thin and thick films by different coating technology units is the beauty of deposition technology, where every synthesis takes place under varying chamber pressure. In hot-filaments reactor, in addition to flow rates of gases, chamber pressure does consider the settlement of heat and photon energy for available mass. Temperature of the substrate material and hot-filaments at fixed input power varies as per residence time of entered dissociating CH4 and H2 gases under set flow rates. Rates of dissociating gases and conversion rate of gas state carbon atoms into graphite and diamond state carbon atoms vary largely under the varying chamber pressure. This influences the deposition of carbon films in terms of quality and growth rate. The increase in the chamber pressure from 3.3 kPa to 14 kPa forms different morphology-structure of carbon films comprising tiny grains, grains and particles. The increase in the chamber pressure upto 8.6 kPa increases the growth rate of a carbon film along with discernible features of its grains and particles. Within the range of different intermediate chamber pressures, gas state carbon atoms are converted into diamond state carbon atoms at a high rate. Within the range of high pressures, gas state carbon atoms converted into graphite state carbon atoms in a large number. Here, a low growth rate of the film is obtained. At different chamber pressures, a different amount of typical energy is there at substrate surface as a result of different collision rates of gases and self-arching of temperature over time. So, a carbon film of different grains and particles is deposited. Varied amount of dissociated atomic hydrogen at different chamber pressures etch photon energy into typical energy for different rates.


Self Efficacy is a person's belief in his ability to do certain things about various thoughts, beliefs built up from one's experience. The purpose of this study was to study the factors that influence the self-efficacy of nurses in carrying out pulmonary cardiac resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest in the emergency room at Pasar Minggu Hospital. This study uses correlative analytics using cross sectional with a sample of 45 respondents. Univariate analysis is used to study frequency distributions and averages. The bivariate analysis used was Mann Whitney Test and Chi-Square Test with pValue <0.05. From the results of this study there is a relationship between gender, mastery experience, representative experience, and verbal persuasion with self-efficacy nurses in carrying out pulmonary heart resuscitation. The significant coefficient generated is 0.071; 0.00; 0.011; and 0.001 smaller than 0.05, giving rise to a meaningful relationship. Therefore, nurses need to improve self-efficacy in conducting CPR in patients with cardiac arrest.


The complete life cycle assessment of a passenger car takes mainly three phases into account : production phase, use phase and end-of-life. Unfortunately, it is well-known that complete LCAs are time and money consuming. Since most passenger cars can be considered as having nearly similar production and end of life phases, a simplified LCA has been achieved. This study, based on the energy consumed and the exhaust gases emitted during the use phase of the vehicle, involves the inventory of the whole energy supply chain from cradle (extraction of primary energy) to gate (moving vehicle). The impact assessment has been performed by using Eco-indicator 95. One of the main conclusions of this study is that the hybrid vehicle studied and the electric one (consuming electricity obtained by the average Belgian production) have nearly the same relatively small global environmental load (i.e. global Eco-scores as calculated in EI 95) compared to the ones of the ICE vehicles (at least three times less than the diesel ICE vehicle and four times less than the petrol one). The robustness of this conclusion has been checked by performing a sensibility analysis at the level of the weighting of the different impacts. The contribution of these impacts to the global Eco-score is further described. It must be noticed that the environmental impacts associated with the "fuel cycle" of the electric vehicle depends on the way of producing electricity in the country considered. The conclusions of this study are particularly important for influencing future decisions in the field of the European traffic policy.


Disclosed is an aqueous dispersion that provides excellent and durable flameproof performance to fibers, in particular, to CDP and polyester fibers, and includes a surfactant and at least one of the following organic phosphorus compounds or salts thereof: a phosphinic acid ester compound represented by formula (1), a phosphinic acid ester compound represented by formula (2), a phosphinic acid amide compound represented by formula (3), a phosphinic acid amide compound represented by formula (4), a phosphinic diamide compound represented by formula (5). (In the formulas, R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 51 , R 52 , R 53 , R 54 , and R 55 represent phenyl groups and the like.)


The communication processes between princeps and the Roman upper class, which Tacitus presents in his Annales, run strikingly counter to any model of communication based on understanding and to Grice's conversational maxims. They can be described, instead, through two levels of communication in which certain contents are intended to be concealed and not understood. On one level, visible from the outside, the communicators allow signs to appear that are intentionally misleading and manipulated and which are intended to prevent recognition of what they really think or feel. The recipients of these messages nonetheless attempt, on the basis of these signs, to decipher what is hidden at a second level. These rhetorical-hermeneutic processes of coding and decoding are, in both cases, supposed to remain unnoticed by the other party. Tacitus thus stages breakdowns in communication that depend not on the system of signs being used, nor on the ability of the communicators, but on the power relations in force. Tacitus uses the depiction of this communication interrupted by power structures in order to construct a communicative discourse which, during the lifetimes of the emperors, remained hidden and unofficial.


is devoted to a historical review of the philosophical problems associated with this concept. Apart from his discussion of the views of well-known Greek philosophers, one of the great merits of Sorabji's account is that he draws attention to lesser known figures such as Damascius (one of the Neoplatonists teaching in Athens when the Academy was closed by Justinian) who regarded time as consisting of indivisible leaps. Sorabji comes to the conclusion that belief in time-atoms can be ascribed to Epicurus, whereas the Stoics believed in infinite divisibility. He makes the interesting point that after Epicurus the idea of time-atoms reappeared in the theory of music developed by Aristotle's pupil Aristoxenus. He also points out that, although atomism came to be viewed with disfavour by the Christian Church (mainly because of its association with Epicureanism), that was not the case in Islam, and he devotes a whole chapter to atomic and divisible leaps in Islamic thought. The final chapter concerns problems of stopping and starting, both on the assumption that motion is continuous and in the case of discontinuous transitions. In particular, Sorabji examines what is meant by motion at an instant. His discussion ranges from the views of Aristotle to those of thirteenth and fourteenth century Scholastic philosophers such as Walter Burley. At the end of the book there is a useful list of the principal thinkers discussed and a select bibliography running to nearly five hundred items. There is also an admirable index. The book is beautifully printed and, although the topics discussed in it are often subtle and difficult, it is a pleasure to read.


This critical literature investigates differences in taste preferences and acceptability between male and female humans. There is evidence for sex differences in sweet, salt, sour, and bitter tastes, but research in umami and fat tastes have not yet shown differences. Males tend to report higher hedonic ratings for sweet foods than do women, but the difference is not significant. Female sex hormones and metabolism differences account for differences between males and females for the salt taste quality. The differences in bitter taste preferences between the sexes is due to differences in genetics, rather than taste sensitivity. Males show increased liking for sour food items compared to women, which influences consumption of fruit and other sour tasting foods. Umami and fat tastes have only recently been explored, so evidence for sex differences has have not shown differences or similarities between the sexes, yet. Future research may present evidence for differences. There are other factors besides taste sensitivity may contribute to eating behavior, which could better illustrate preference differences between males and females. These factors include cognitive restraint, attitudes toward foods, nutritional knowledge, social influence, culture-based exposure, and biological or genetic factors. Each of these factors could influence individual differences in taste perception. Continued research in on sex differences should be preformed such that if there are differences, more information can be added to the body of knowledge. Through the addition of other contributing variables, a more rounded understanding of eating behavior could be established. The evidence presented in this review suggest that individual differences are more important to differences in taste preferences than sex differences. There is more variability between individuals than there is between males and females.


A review is presented on the effects of radiation sickness on the central nervous system (CNS). It was concluded that phases after irradiation affect various parts of the CNS in diferent periods and that various parabiotic phases may occur in various portions of the CNS at the same time, so that there is an unusually multiform picture and the principal laws of the changes are very hard to discover. (P.C.H.)


An improved calibration method for a wideband polarimetric measurement system using three partly unknown, perfectly polarization-isolated calibrators is presented, with experimental results measured from 7 to 17 GHz. The cross-polarized information is provided by rotating the third calibrator to an arbitrary angle with respect to the radar range direction. Only the copolarization terms in the polarimetric scattering matrix (PSM) of the first calibrator are required to be specified. The copolarized scattering properties, including the range information of the other two calibrators and the rotation angle of the third calibrator, can be acquired in the calibration process and used to verify the calibration accuracy. >


An analytical method of carbendazim and imidacloprid residues in asparagus by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. Samples were extracted with acetone by ultrasonic method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) cleanup with petroleum ether to remove some fatty impurities and then with dichloromethane to extract the samples further. The HPLC conditions were Discovery ODS-C_(18) column, methanol-water=40∶60 (V/V) as mobile phase, and UV detection at 280 nm. The fortified recoveries of carbendazim and imidaclorpid in asparagus samples were 81.0%~99.6% and 79.3%~100.2%, respectively. Relative standard deviation was less than 13.4% for carbendazim and 8.0% for imidaclorpid, and the limit of detection of two pesticides in asparagus samples was 0.05 mg/kg, respectively.


Abstract A hypervapotron is an excellent candidate for single-side high heat flux removal (HHFR). Hypervapotron HHFR is accomplished by subcooled two-phase flow boiling and conjugate heat transfer involving efficient vapor generation, channeling, and condensation. To characterize additional optimal operating characteristics effectively using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and/or experimental approaches (and/or design approaches), knowledge of the hypervapotron controlling parameters is essential for timely identification of enhancements to the HHFR configuration. To that end, three high heat flux–side controlling parameters and a characteristic temperature difference have been identified. These parameters include the effects of conjugate heat transfer, two-dimensional channel-wall dimensionless aspect ratios, and the characteristic temperature difference. Finally, these parameters may be useful in CFD (and experimental and/or design approaches) studies for optimizing HHFR and thermal protection in fusion and aerospace systems.


The ultra-low-friction pneumatic cylinder has promoting applications in high-precision motion control and load simulator systems owing to its capability of attenuating stick-slip behavior at low speed and easily realizing accurate force at high speed. A pneumatic cylinder with an aerostatic bearing as its piston is recently proposed to achieve ultra-low friction. Two mathematical models that, respectively, consider one-dimensional flow and two-dimensional flow through the air film between the cylinder piston and the cylinder wall are developed to predict performance characteristics of the system working at different load conditions. The multiple design parameters are lumped into non-dimensional structural parameters and environmental parameters. Then, a constrained optimal design method is developed to achieve prior performance with smallest leakage flow rate for better dynamic response and appropriate radial load carrying capacity for supporting the floating piston itself. Performance comparison addresses the important influence of lumped non-dimensional parameters and unified assessments of two models for the ultra-low-friction pneumatic cylinder. The available optimal design parameters and achievable performances are indicated.


This study reviews the use of Apocynaceae species for cancer and tumor treatment in the Amazon. Databases and books were searched for ethnobotanical and phytochemical evaluations of the cytotoxic and anticancer activities of Apocynaceae species. The literature reports the use of several Amazonian species, such as Asclepias curassavica, Himatanthus articulates, and Macoubea sprucei, in treating tumors and cancers. Phytochemical studies on A. curassavica and H. articulatus have shown their chemical compositions to be variable, possessing cardenolides, iridoids, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenes. Most of the species have not been subjected to in vitro experiments for anticancer activity, and the evaluated species showed moderate-to-weak responses or were inactive. Other studies have shown that iridoids, flavonoids, and steroids are promising as antitumor treatments. The following action mechanisms have been attributed to iridoids: topoisomerase I-DNA complex stabilization, cellular cytoskeleton alteration, and induction of apoptosis. The activities of flavonoids have been reported to include apoptosis induction in liver tumor cells. Some authors suggest that flavonoids reduce oxidative stress cellular response which reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In summary, Apocynaceae species appear to be promising as a source for antitumor agents; however, further studies are required to confirm their antitumor activities and to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.


Abstract : The control of chaos using tiny perturbations for the formation of time-limited waveforms(pulses) and the synthesis of desired spectral characteristics is discussed. A technique for doing this using a symbolic dynamical system model is developed. This report is intended to demonstrate that the highly successful methods for controlling chaos with microscopic control signals might be used to form pulses and to control the power spectrum of a signal source such as a microwave power source or a laser. Since the control circuitry in a physical system would need to deliver only tiny low-power control perturbations, the realization of this technique in a high-power source would allow for the formation of shaped pulses with the source running in a highly efficient nonlinear chaotic mode. Shaping the power spectrum is of interest for the practical problem of delivering the energy to a band-limited transmission line or to an antenna.


Leptospirosis is one of the zoonotic diseases caused by different serovars of the species Leptospira interrogans. The source of infection in humans is usually either direct or indirect contact with the urine of infected animals. In this study, 400 human blood samples collected from tribal areas of Farsan and Koohrang cities in West Centeral Iran. The serum samples were analyzed employing Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). From 400 Samples, 194 Samples (48 .5%) were positive to different leptospiral sreovars at a minimum titre of 1/100. The highest seroprevalence was to serovar hardjo ( 54 .1% of seropositives ) and the least was to serovar grippotyphosa (1%). Seroprevalency of women were higher than men Iran J Med Sci 2003; 28(2):


With the rise of organic farming worldwide, researchers are being presented with new opportunities to study organic systems and also to compare them to their conventional counterparts. This paper focuses on farming systems research comparing organic and conventional agroecosystems. The types of farming systems comparison studies, some of the metrics used, and integrative research approaches to farming systems studies are discussed. To hasten implementation of more sustainable agricultural systems, more farming systems comparison research, especially interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary, is needed, which brings together multiple disciplines and, when possible, non-academic participants to measure key sustainability indicators and/or ecosystem services. Such research does not just need to compare organic and conventional systems. In addition to organic farming systems, other innovative systems make up a modest, but growing, component of US and global agriculture and include alternative livestock production (e.g., grass-fed), mixed crop/livestock systems, conservation agriculture, integrated farming, agroforestry, and perennial grains. Such systems integrate production, environmental, and socioeconomic objectives and reflect greater awareness of ecosystem services. These systems can be studied in farming systems research, in which they are compared with each other or with conventional systems. Introduction Sale of organic foods in the past 15 years has been one of the fastest growing market segments within the global food industry (32). As a result, more arable land, research funding, and research test sites are being devoted to organic farming worldwide. In addition, there has been an increase in published scientific studies of organic systems, with different types of studies evolving and more parameters being measured. With this rise of organic farming worldwide, researchers are being presented with new opportunities to study organic systems and also to compare them to their conventional counterparts. For example, organic farming systems provide an opportunity to link basic and applied ecology through research on biodiversity and ecosystem services (11). In addition, we can compare soil health, crop quality, financial performance, or environmental quality of organic and conventional systems (23). Certain parameters, such as crop yield, have been included in so many organic/conventional comparison studies that metaanalyses have been done synthesizing this information on a global scale [e.g., (4,28)]. Although results from a meta-analysis must be treated with caution (because no single farming system or practice works best in every location), meta-analysis is a great statistical tool for identifying broad patterns not immediately visible in primary field research (20). This paper focuses on farming systems research comparing organic and conventional agroecosystems. Examples of comparison studies that have helped shape such farming systems research are the Corn Belt study (12), the Palouse erosion study (22), the South Dakota grain study (29), the Rodale Farming Systems Trial (5,16), the Washington State apple sustainability study (23), and the Swiss "DOK" Systems Trial (13). Here, the types of farming systems 29 April 2013 Crop Management Published June 13, 2014


Finite element models of both the concrete filled square steel tube and a Cuboid impactor were developed, incorporating ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Three stages of time history curve of the impact force of the concrete filled square steel tube including the impact stage, stable stalemate stage, the decaying stage were generalized according to its dynamic response. And with the wall thickness increased, the peak of the impact force and the platform value is also increase, with axial force increased, the peak impact force hardly changed, but the impact platform value have a certain extent lower. Then four stages of time history curve of the impact displacement were proposed according to the dynamic response of the impact of the concrete filled square steel tube based on numerical analysis, four stages include in elastic deformation stage, plastic deformation stage, elastic rebound stage, free vibration stage in the position of the residual deformation. Finally, time history curve of the impact force and displacement according to the dynamic response is analyzed under the impact of the corner of the concrete filled square steel tube, the results show that the anti-impact capability of 45 degree angle is higher than that of the front impact.


Histone genesinD.hydeiareorganized intandemly repeated clusters., accomodating intotal 120-140 repeat units. We cloned oneoftherepeat units and analysed thenucleotide sequence. Therepeat unit has asize of5.1x103base-pairs andcontains onecopyof eachofthegenescoding forthecorehistones andone copycoding forthehistone Hi.Inthepromoter regions ofthegenesweidentified thepresumptive capsites andTATAboxes. Twoadditional sequence elements areshared byall five Drosophila hydei histone genes inthecluster. Thesequence CCCTCT/G1 isfoundin theregion upstream ofthepresumptive CAPsites. The sequence element AGTGAAoccurs downstream ofthe presumptive capsites andis,incontrast tothe promoter element, alsoseeninthehistone genesof Drosophila melanogaster [1]. Cell-cycle dependent regulation oftranscription oftheDrosophila histone genesmaybedifferent fromthatinother eukaryotes since sequence elements involved intheregulation of cell-cycle dependent transcription areabsent. Also other regulatory elements fortranscription differ from those ofother genes. Thehighly conserved HI-specific promoter sequence AAACACAandtheH2Bspecific promoter sequence ATTTGCAT, whichareinvolved in thecell-cycle dependent transcription ofthose histone genesineukaryotes, aremissing intheDrosophila genes.Howeveratthe3'endofthegenesthe palindrome andthepurine-rich region, bothconserved sequence elements inhistone genesofeukaryotes, are present. Thespacer regions showasimple sequence organization. Thesilent site substitution ratebetween thecoding regions oftheD.hydei andD.melanogaster histone genesisatleast 1.5times higher forDrosophila thanforseaurchin histone genes.


Objective To determine whether serum KL-6 can be used as an alternative diagnostic tool for Systemic Sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD). Method This was a cross-sectional study with compatibility analysis of SSc patients visiting the rheumatology clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia in 2019-2020. Inclusion criteria were aged 18-60 years, diagnosed with SSc, restrictive spirometry results followed by HRCT thorax, having stored biological materials (<2 years) for serum KL-6 examination, and body mass index of <23 kg/m2. Patients with pneumonia, tuberculosis, history of tuberculosis, malignancy, and cardiac decompensation were excluded. Serum KL-6 level of >397.5 unit/mL was declared as ILD. The compatibility analysis was performed using the Cohen's Kappa test. Results: Thirty-eight subjects, mostly women (94.7%), with mean age of 39 years participated in this study. Most of the subjects suffered from diffuse systemic sclerosis subtypes (57.9%). Subjects had received cyclophosphamide (10.5%), MMF (2.6%), and other medications. Almost all subjects (97.4%) demonstrated ILD features on HRCT thorax. The median serum KL-6 level was 53.22 Units/mL, which was much lower than the findings in other studies, but the hook effect could not be proven. The Kappa coefficient was found to be 0.003 with a p-value of 0.811. Conclusion There is no compatibility between serum KL-6 level and ILD features based on HRCT thorax in SSc-ILD. The presence of hook effect needs more attention.


The electrical conductivity of the Niobium Oxide-Lead Oxide systems containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mol% of Lead Oxide has been measured in a temperature range 700 under oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 1.0 atm. The electrical conductivities of the system decreased with increasing PbO mol% and varied from to . The activation energy for conductivity was about 1.70 eV. The oxygen pressure dependence of electrical conductivity revealed that the system was a mixed conductor between ionic and electronic conductivities at high oxygen pressures and a n-type electronic conductivity with oxygen pressure dependence of -1/4 order at low oxygen pressures. The defect structure and electrical conduction mechanism of the system have been discussed with the data obtained.


Disaggregating religion is informative in that it identifies elements of religion that are more and less problematic in political terms but does not provide a reason to lessen restrictions on religion in political life as religion does not operate in disaggregated fashion in the world. Predominant forms of religion in the West combine problematic elements in ways that other forms of belief and identity generally do not and are therefore particularly politically destabilising. Excluding religion as a category is the only means to allow space for believers to retain religious identities that may be illiberal while supporting liberal outcomes politically. This approach is not cost free but is better than all alternatives.


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................1 1.1 THE PURPOSE & SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENT STUDY .............................1 1.2 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................4 1.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY ................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................6 2.1 WHAT IS STRESS? ......................................................................................................6 2.2 WHAT IS STRESS IN POLICING? .............................................................................9 2.3 WHAT KINDS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ARE AVAILABLE TO POLICE OFFICERS? ........................................................................................................18 2.4 HOW DO POLICE OFFICERS COPE WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENTS? .............25 2.4.1 The Traditional Occupational Police Culture ...............................................28 2.4.2 Sources of Variation in Police Culture .........................................................30 (i) Organizations ........................................................................................30 (ii) Rank .....................................................................................................31 (iii) Police Officer Style .............................................................................32 (iv) Race and Gender .................................................................................32 (v) Philosophical Orientation of the Organization ....................................34 2.5 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...............................................................................35 2.5.1 Symbolic Interactionism ...............................................................................37 2.6 THE PRESENT STUDY .............................................................................................47 2.7 CHAPTER SUMMARY ..............................................................................................49 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .................................................................................50


Fig 1. The midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view. The right pulmonary artery in the long axis containing a mass (delineated by arrows) is visible in the near field.


Empirical results based on the re-examination of the data and models offered by Kormendi and Meguire (1985) and Gupta (1988) suggest that the impact of political freedom on economic growth is positive and significant. In particular, the replacement of their civil liberties variable by a new varible representing social capabilities improves the magnitude and significance of the estimated parameters and explanatory power of the regressions. The marginal contribution of social capabilities to explaining the percentage variations in the mean rate of income growth is the third highest among all determinants of growth, suggesting that the effect of freedom on growth is more pronounced than previously measured. It is argued that freedom will enable individuals to expand the range of socio-economic opportunities and to establish greater control over the human environment in order to improve material well-being.


Inthis paper, wehavedeveloped themultimedia player forthedigital image based ontheWeband mobile. Theplayer display onthemonitor foran image received fromthemobile phone ortheever. Also, itcanrepresent aMP3 file received from PConaWeb.


In order to study and learn unmanned ships, this paper designs and develops a simulation system of the inland river unmanned ships. Realistic visual scene models, which include valleys, peaks, bridges, reefs and buildings, are built by professional game engine software Unity3d and modeling software 3D Studio Max. Then C # programming language was used to write the program of environmental awareness and route planning of the ship. Finally, the simulation system of inland waterway unmanned ships was successful made. The inland river unmanned ship simulation system for unmanned ships is very meaningful research. The simulation system isn't affected by time and space, and it also reduces the risk of research.


The present chapter is grounded in the assumption that mitigation – and, within it, hedging operations – is ambivalent between weakening and strengthening functions. In a word, mitigation is a rhetorical phenomenon. As such, its study can benefit from the reflection on language use as it developed through the centuries in the field of rhetoric. Since rhetoric is viewed as the pragmatics of classical world, the chapter sets out to foreground some general connecting points between the two disciplines. The chapter presents an in-depth analysis of the use of the approximation marker ''so to say,'' in a passage taken from Plato's dialogue Gorgias, which is also relevant in that it contains a definition of rhetoric. The contextualized analysis of the marker shows that it can be given two opposite interpretations: attenuating and reinforcing. In other words, the marker in question can be seen both as an approximator and an underscorer and illustrates a peculiar case of enantiosemy (Lepschy, 1981, 1982). The interpretation of the passage and the overall argumentative strategy followed by Plato to denigrate rhetoric radically changes according to the function assigned to this micro-stylistic choice, that is, weakening or strengthening. This kind of ambivalence can be described from a rhetorical viewpoint in terms of an antiphrastic tension, inherent in mitigation and, more in general, in stylistically modulated choices (Bally, 1970 [1909]) to which approximators belong. Earlier Italian versions of this paper appeared in Caffi (2001: 142–165) and in G. L. Beccaria and Marello, C. (Eds.), 2002, La parola al testo. Scritti per Bice Mortara Garavelli, Edizioni dell'Orso, Alessandria, pp. 57–73.


We study the classical dynamics of the Abelian-Higgs model in the case of strongly broken gauge symmetry. In this limit the wells of the potential of the scalar field are sufficiently deep, presenting a scenario far from the associated critical point. Using a multiscale perturbation expansion, the equations of motion for the fields are reduced to a system of coupled nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations (CNLS). Exact solutions of the latter are used to obtain approximate analytical solutions for the full dynamics of both the gauge and Higgs field in the form of oscillons and oscillating kinks. Numerical simulations of the exact dynamics verify the validity of these solutions. We explore their persistence for a wide range of the model's single parameter which is the ratio of the Higgs to the gauge field mass. We show that only oscillons oscillating symmetrically with respect to the "classical vacuum", for both the gauge and the Higgs field, are long lived. Furthermore plane waves and oscillating kinks are shown to decay into oscillon- like patterns, dominating the solution space of the model due to the modulation instability mechanism.


Objectives: To investigate clinically and radiographically the number of roots and root canals in the maxillary first premolars in a group of Jordanian population using magnifying loupes while carrying out routine endodontic practice. Methods: A total of 176 patients 87 female (49.4%) and 89 male (50.6%) received root canal treatment of maxillary first premolar at King Hussein Medical Centre from January 2012 till January 2015. The age of the patients was ranging from 18 to 60 years. The teeth included in the study were both clinically and radiographically examined for the number of root canals using sharp endodontic explorer and magnifying loupes. Diagnostic preoperative radiographs were taken for evaluation. Two radiographs in two planes (parallel and 20o40o horizontal angle cone shift) were taken during routine endodontic treatment for these teeth. The number of roots and root canals in the maxillary first premolars was recorded. Results: Out of the total of 176 maxillary first premolars 56 teeth had one root (31.8%), 118 teeth had two roots (67.0%) and two teeth had three roots (1.1%) . Based on Vertucci's classification of root canal morphology: one tooth (0.6%) had type I canal configuration (one canal), 17 teeth (9.7%) had type II (two canals with shared apical foramen), 156 teeth (88.6%) had type IV (two canals with separate apical foramen) and two teeth (1.1%) had type VIII ( three canals with separate apical foramina). The percentage of two canals (type II and IV) is 98.3%. Conclusion: The percentage of two canals (either with shared or separate apical foramina) is very high in the maxillary first premolars in Jordanian population. Inspection should be done for the presence of second canal whenever endodontic treatment is planned for this tooth.


The construction industry is moving towards the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for managing and integrating engineering information efficiently. Today, engineering consultant companies, construction companies and architectural companies invest much research into the development of BIM to integrate and visualize engineering information for higher productivity. Currently, BIM desktop applications such as Autodesk Revit, Bentley Architecture, Tekla Structures and Gehry Digital Project, can only integrate and manage information on-site. This therefore makes it difficult for various project participants at other sites to efficiently obtain and update information. Furthermore, the user interfaces of these systems have been designed based on the designers' preferences, rather than being oriented towards the needs of general users. The abovementioned conditions therefore restrict effective and efficient communication and distribution of information amongst different BIM users located at disparate sites. To address these issues, this research designed and implemented an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) to improve visualization and manipulation in BIM systems to help general users to acquire required information efficiently. In this research, we propose a set of new UI design principles for BIM systems based on contemporary GUI design rules and principles. This paper also describes the design and implementation of an effective UI using the Microsoft .Net environment and Silverlight for Rich Internet Application (RIA) for access to, and visualization of, information through Web applications. An innovative element of this research is the utilization of multi-touch technology to increase the richness of human-computer interaction. This interactive GUI facilitates information exchange between various project participants, such as construction site personnel, project owner and construction management company, for effective and efficient project management.


Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) offer an alternative for providing high quality of life (QOL) throughout residents' lifetimes, but CCRC quality and structure vary widely. We conducted an in-depth qualitative case study of a 321-resident nonprofit life care CCRC to determine how residents themselves define: (a) components of QOL; (b) practices important to promoting QOL; and (c) challenges in promoting QOL in congregated housing. We conducted and analyzed interviews of 45 CCRC residents, board members, and administrators and analyzed 109 resident questionnaires. Questions were open-ended; responses were analyzed using computer-assisted thematic content analysis. Analyses revealed three prominent components of QOL: (a) sense of community; (b) resident-driven active engagement; and (c) individual autonomy, independence, and respect. Respondents identified six clusters of strategies for creating and sustaining these elements of QOL: (a) clear organizational values, (b) resident-centered structure, (c) an environment that encourages mutually respectful interaction among and between residents and staff, (d) weekly community meetings, (e) an infrastructure and landscape that promote interpersonal interaction, and (f) limited size and scale of community. Respondents also identified four key challenges for CCRC success that revealed the importance of balancing competing needs of: (1) current and potential future residents; (2) responsibilities of the administration with those of residents, (3) maintaining an intimate size to foster a sense of community with economies of scale; and (4) shared values to support community cohesiveness and diversity of residents (particularly socioeconomic, race, and sexuality). We consider the implications of these findings for other senior living contexts.


In order to accurately obtain power frequency parameters of EHV transmission lines,a software for calculating mutual inductance zero-sequence parameters of EHV transmission lines was designed.The software is based on Delphi7 platform,covering the calculations for parameters such as positive-sequence impedance,positive-sequence admittance,zero-sequence impedance,zero-sequence admittance and mutual inductance among multi-circuit mutual inductance lines.The software also enables accurate off-line calculation of parameters measured on live transmission lines.The parameter calculation method of the software is described.Simulation tests through real time digital simulator(RTDS) verifies the accuracy and reliability of the EHV power frequency parameter measurement based on the software platform.


Traditional roles for women have always defined them as housewives. However, this role is changing in many societies, and societies have accepted the change and are treating both genders equally. This is based on Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the World Congress on Women. The focus of this paper is on women's economic empowerment using a case study analysis and how women's living standards have been uplifted. The paper uses the principle of "leave no one behind" and the theory of feminism in poverty to explain the case studies. These case studies have been analyzed through desktop review. The findings indicate that if women were educated, then they would be financially secure and relieved from poverty. Gender inequality would then be reduced, and women would be economically empowered. Communities and individuals need to move out of their cultural cocoons and accept the reality that women need to be respected and economically empowered in society for their wellbeing. For this to happen, education for girls and women is a must, as are equal pay, promotions, and advocacy and policies on equality for women.


Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection For The Treatment Of Iatrogenic Post-Catheterisation Pseudoaneurysms In 76 Cases Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) for the treatment of iatrogenic post-catheterisation pseudoaneurysms (PSAs). Methods A total of 76 patients (36 men, 40 women, 63.4±10.8 years) with iatrogenic PSAs were treated by UGTI. Results The mean diameter of the aneurysms was (3.01±1.27)×(1.65±0.67) cm, 93.4% (71/76) of the patients were under antiplatelet therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel or both, and additional low molecular weight heparin. The mean dose of bovine thrombin was 619±259 (150∼1400) u, single injection was primary successful in 69 patients, of which thrombus formation occurred in 1 patient in the superficial femoral artery after successful closure of the PSA, surgical embolectomy was performed. A second injection was required in 2 of the remaining 7 patients. 5 patients were treated by ultrasound-guided compression because of incomplete thrombosis after UGTI. 1 patient had acute allergy after 2 min of thrombin injection which was resolved by antiallergic therapy. The total success rate was 98.7%(75/76). reperfusion was detected in 4 patients within 72 h follow-up, recurrence rate of UGTI for PSAs was 5.3% (4/75), 3 patients were successfully managed by a second thrombin injection and another was treated with ultrasuound-guidance compression, there is no recurrence at 30days clinical follow up. ultrasound follow-up. At the 2 months were performed in 15 patients. The size of PSAs were significantly reduced from (2.90±1.17), (1.47±0.54) cm to (0.94±0.72)´(0.44±0.35) cm (p<0.001). Conclusion UGTI is a safe, rapid, well-tolerated and effective noninvasive method for the treatment of iatrogenic PSAs and should be considered as first-line therapy.


Background: WAS protein family member 3 (WASF3) could be activated by extracellular stimuli and affect organization of actin cytoskeleton, then promote cell movement interacting with a complex of proteins. This study was to assess WASF3 expression and its clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC), and its function in GC cell lines.
 Methods: WASF3 protein expression was evaluated in 134 GC samples including 62 paired cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Their correlation with clinicopathological factors and overall survival after surgery was calculated, and their biological functions in SGC7901 and HGC27 cells in vitro were studied by knock-down of WASF3 using small guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
 Results: IHC results displayed that the rate of WASF3 protein high expression was higher in GC tissues than that in normal mucosa (P in vitro .
 Conclusions: Our findings indicated that WASF3 over-expression might participate GC progression, and could be an interrupting target in GC metastasis.


ABSTRACT Global Positioning System (GPS) is being used in aviation, nautical navigation and the orientation ashore. Further, it is used in land surveying and other applications where the determination of the exact position is required. Although GPS is known as a precise positioning system, there are several error sources which are categorized into three main groups including errors related to satellites, propagation and GPS receivers. In this paper we focus on the estimation of the receiver coordinates of a fixed point based on pseudorange measurements of a single GPS receiver. The estimation of the unknowns is achieved by introducing an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Iterative Least Square (ILS) that processes. Kalman filter is the method most often used nowadays. It is based on some assumptions and if all the assumptions are met it can offer optimal estimation and prediction. The EKF not only works well in practice, but also it is theoretically attractive because it has been shown that it is the filter that minimizes the variance of the estimation mean square error.


The publication of the government White Paper Choice and Diversity has drawn attention to the problems of truancy. George Pasternicki and his colleagues have been deeply involved with this issue for some time. Here they examine a 14–18 college that has taken important steps to identify and rectify the problem. An interesting list of suggestions emerges from this investigation. We will undoubtedly be hearing more about truancy as the publication of attendance figures reaches a wider audience.


Recent observations with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar have shown large rises in dayside, auroral plasma velocities (>2 km s/sup -1/) over a wide range of latitudes and lasting about an hour. These are larger than the neutral thermal speed, and allow, for the first time, observations of a non-thermal plasma over a range of observing angles, revealing a clear angular dependence. The observed ion temperature anisotropy, deduced by assuming a Maxwellian line-of-sight ion velocity distribution, is at least 1.75, which exceeds the theoretical value for a bi-Maxwellian based on a realistic ion-neutral collision model. The apsect angle dependence of the signal spectra also indicates non-Maxwellian plasma. copyright American Geophysical Union 1987


Long Short-Term Memory Networks, otherwise known as LSTMs, have not been left out when it comes to applying them to daily discharge forecasts rather successfully. A good number of experimental cases, be as it may, need forecasts in a manner with a more granular time frame. Case in point, the correct forecast of brief but intense flooding apexes can bring about a difference with the capacity of saving lives in mass. Still, such climaxes have the capability of escaping the rough non-permanent resolve of daily forecasts. Nevertheless, when an LSTM data is naively learned on an hourly data basis, it entails a time-consuming process with lots of stages, which makes the training complex and computationally-cum financially costly. With this research, we suggest a pair of Multi-Time Scale LSTM or MTS-LSTM frameworks that collaboratively forecast a multiplicity of timescales inside a single model. This is done as they proceed with long-past investments in one non-permanent resolve and diversify into every timescale in order to arrive at more current input stages. For this, we carry out a test on these models on a total of 516 basins through the continental United States and standard in comparison with the United States National Water Model. Juxtaposed with naive forecasts that have distinctive LSTM for each time scale, multi-timescale designs will be computationally the more efficient party, suffering no loss of correctness. Outside the quality of predictions, the multiple-facing timescale has the capacity to process a variety of input variables at various timescales. That, in question, proves quite relevant when it comes to operational applications in which meteorological forcings' lead time is contingent upon their non-permanent resolutions.


The vibrational properties of manganese dioxides and lithiated transition-metal oxides with either spinel-type or layered-type structure used as positive electrode materials in Li-ion batteries have been studied. Raman spectroscopy yields a reliable description of materials such as the manganese dioxides where crystalline disorder may be expected. The local arrangement in the γ-MnO2 structure is investigated as a function of the intergrowth rate, Pr, of pyrolusite in the ramsdellite matrix. The phase evolution in four-volt positive electrode materials is recorded as a function of the degree of intercalation or deintercalation in LixCoO2 and LixMn2O4. Lattice dynamics are studied using either a classical group theoretical analysis or a local environment model. Raman and FTIR bands are identified on the basis of vibrational modes of polyhedral units which are the basis of the oxide structure. Structural and electronic modifications induced by an intercalation–deintercalation process are examined.


This research aims to determine the existence of inflection points when companies' credit risk goes from being minimal (Hedge) to being high (Ponzi). We propose an analysis methodology that determines the probability of hedge credits to migrate to speculative and then to Ponzi, through simulations with homogeneous Markov chains and the k-means clustering method to determine thresholds and migration among clusters. To prove this, we used quarterly financial data from a sample of 35 public enterprises over the period between 1 July 2006 and 28 March 2020 (companies listed on the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Chile stock markets). For simplicity, we make the assumption of no revolving credits for the companies and that they face their next payment only with their operating cash flow. We found that Ponzi companies (1) have a 0.79 probability average of default, while speculative ones had (0) 0.28, and hedge companies (−1) 0.009, which are the inflections point we were looking for. Our work's main limitation lies in not considering the entities' behavior when granting credits in altered states (credit relaxation due to credit supply excess).


WHETHER he is called Le Sage (the Wise Man), Le Vieux (the Old Man), or more recently Nana (a Baule term for grandfather), the veneration implied by these words is unequalled by any other leader in West Africa today. It is clear that after over 50 years of political activism, the President of Cote d'lvoire, Felix Houphouet-Boigny, has brought together a combination of elements that has allowed him to gain and maintain the respect of western leaders, his African counterparts, and until recently, almost every Ivoirian. Observers can now begin to undertake an historical assessment of his particular type of firm and consistent rule that allows for a balanced approach to both western pragmatism and African sentimentalism. The man credited with the transformation of Cote d'lvoire into an alleged 'show case' of rapid economic progress wields formidable power as President of the Republic and of the Parti democratique de la Cote d'lvoire (P.D.C.I.), declared to be 'a single party, for a single people, with a single leader' by its 1965 congress. Houphouet is seen frequently on the pages of Fraternite matin, the local government-owned daily newspaper, attending inaugural public ceremonies for a host of new ventures in almost every sector and district, as well as routinely appearing at private funerals, weddings, and baptisms, all with equal serenity. He receives personages from a wide spectrum of political views, not least from overseas, so that his visitors for the week might range from, say, Jonas Savimbi of Uniao National para a Independencia Total de Angola to Jean-Marie Le Pen of the Front national (which wishes to stem the tide of immigration to France from Africa and Arabspeaking nations). The multifaceted character of Houphouet's performance is almost certainly the main explanation of his apotheosis, or virtual deification, in Cote d'lvoire. One important effort to understand Houphouet's style of leadership has been attempted by Robert H. Jackson and Carl G. Rosberg in Personal Rule in Black Africa: prince, autocrat, prophet, tyrant (Berkeley, Los


The particularities of the environment force organizations to adapt to a world where change is constant and immediate; therefore, the search for new strategies to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage is necessary to face current challenges. This article aims to present a literature review of organizational change management, showing the contributions of the last ten years. We identify an increasing association in several variables related to organizational change management, including planning and strategy, leadership, culture, innovation, and resistance to change. Our conclusions indicate that these variables are essential for strategical changes during periods of uncertainty, and their adequate assessment significantly increases the company's chances of success.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating kidney stones, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of lysimachia, 10-15 parts of armand clematis stem, 30-35 parts of honeysuckle flower, 25-30 parts of climbing fern spore, 25-30 parts of Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, 15-20 parts of sweetgum fruit, 30-35 parts of taraxacum, 20-25 parts of radix curcumae, 25-30 parts of umbellate pore fungus, 25-30 parts of pyrrosia lingua, 25-30 parts of malva seed, 30-35 parts of Plantain seed, 30-35 parts of cogongrass rhizome, 10-15 parts of bamboo leaf, 20-25 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 15-20 parts of fructus aurantii, 25-30 parts of amber and 15-20 parts of fructus toosendan. The invention has the advantages of scientific formula, short treatment time and high cure rate. The total effective rate is up to 98.5%, and the cure rate is up to 98.5%. The patient can be cured after 1-3 treatment courses.


The thinking of sustainable development of businesses is proposed in the vision of the scientific development. It points out that talents' coming forth in large numbers is the basic of sustainable development of businesses; innovation the source; clean manufacture the route; and the construction of business culture the soul, the construction of the learning organization the guarantee..


Applying the energy consumption simulation analysis software—De ST- h,a ten layers residential building in Chengdu region were simulated. The effects of heat transfer coefficient and shading coefficient of external windows on building energy consumption were calculated in the east,west,south and north directions. The results showed that the optimum energy- saving technique was obtained when using single frame insulating glass with air layer thickness of 9mm for external window. In the east,west,south and north four directions,the maximum influence of shading coefficient variation on heating and air conditioning energy consumption was on south direction,followed by north and west,then east. Therefore,south external windows should be given priority when sunshade measures were put to use.


Microwave irradiation of O-phenyloximes triggers N-O homolysis and 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), resulting in formal γ-C-H functionalization of ketones after trapping of the radical intermediate and in situ imine hydrolysis. The Lewis acid InCl3·H2O facilitated HAT, enabling functionalization of benzylic and nonbenzylic secondary carbon atoms. Functionalization of primary carbons was feasible but afforded low yields, requiring ClCH2CO2H instead of InCl3·H2O as an additive. C-O and C-C bond formation could both be accomplished by this method.


The invention mainly relates to an OCA optical adhesive tape and a making method thereof. The OCA optical adhesive tape sequentially comprises a light-peel PET release film layer, an optical adhesive layer and a heavy-peel PET release film layer from top to bottom, and the optical adhesive layer comprises, by weight, 100 parts of a polyurethane acrylate prepolymer, 2 parts of a compounding agent, 5 parts of an initiator, 2 parts of an accelerant, 0.3 parts of an accelerant aid and 0.01 parts of a stabilizer. The invention further relates to a making method of the polyurethane acrylate prepolymer. The OCA optical adhesive tape has a good bond property to various polar and non-polar materials comprising inorganic glass, organic plastic sheets, metals and the like.


Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,the treatment and preventive characteristics of cephalosporin-induced disulfiram-like reactions.Methods The data of clinical manifestations and the treatment of 60 cases of cephalosporin-induced Disulfiram-like reactions were reviewed retrospectively.Results 60 cases of patients with positive treatment and comprehensive nursing care have recovered well,and there was no cases of death.Conclusion The application of cephalosporin after drinking alcohol or using drug or food can cause Disulfiram-like reaction.Health education should be conducted to improve patients' awareness of using drugs safely.


Power-efficient modulation formats are a key technology for optical transport networks. Recently, flexibility of spectral efficiency for efficient utilization of available bandwidth has become a central issue as well. In this contribution, we show that the demand for both flexibility and power efficiency can be fulfilled simultaneously using multidimensional constellations.


The reliability theory of underground construction structure was studied and applied in underground construction structure in North Anchor of Runyang bridgeCertain economic benefits were obtained and the safety construction of the structure was also guaranteed


Constraining an increase in global mean temperature below 2°C compared to pre‐industrial levels is critical to limiting dangerous and cascading impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Understanding future climatic changes and their spatial heterogeneity at 2°C warming is thus important for policy makers to prepare actionable adaptation and mitigation plans by identifying where and to what extent lives and livelihoods will be impacted. This study uses the recently released NASA Earth eXchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX‐GDDP) CMIP6 data to provide a broad overview of projected changes in six key climate variables and two climate impact indicators at a time when warming exceeds 2°C. Analysis of global mean temperature changes indicates the 2040s as the decade when most CMIP6 models reach 2°C warming with respect to a pre‐industrial period (1850–1900). During the 2040s, we find that global mean temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, and wind speed over land under the high emission scenario are projected to change by +2.8°C, +22.4 mm/year, −0.73%, −2.23 , +15.9 W/m2, and −0.04 m/s, respectively. Many of the future changes are expected to exacerbate climate impacts including heat stress and fire danger. Our analysis shows geographic patterns of policy‐relevant climatic changes, as parts of the globe will experience significant climate impacts even if the goal to keep warming below 2°C goal is achieved. Our results highlight the urgent need for further studies focused on identifying key hotspots and advancing region‐specific actionable adaptation and mitigation plans.


We utilize the detailed information on farm output by crop in physical terms to construct estimates of "real" gross farm output. Output of each crop is valued at a common set of prices, which are constructed as sample-wide averages (unit values) over 1993–2002 for each crop. Unit values are computed using information on market sales, and are exclusive of any "quota" sales at planned (below market) prices. In these calculations, a household's own consumption is implicitly valued at market prices. Intermediate inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides are treated in an analogous way. We subtract expenditures on intermediate inputs from gross output to obtain our estimate of net income or value added for the cropping sector. In what follows, we use this measure of real value added at the farm level when we refer to farm output.


The married couples need adjustment which makes them vulnerable for conflicts,
disharmony and stress. The adjustments include the change in life condition, the
change of habits and roles and the integration of hope and needs each other. The
couple will be able to minimize the conflicts when they can adjust in family life.
Gratitude intervention is offered as a solution to increase the adjustment level of
marital adjustment. This research was aimed to know the effectiveness of gratitude
intervention �Saving the Happiness� to marital adjustment. Participants got pretest
and posttest using modified marital adjustment scale (Lock-Wallace Marital
Adjustment Test) and gratitude scale (Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Items). This
research used quasi-experimental design with untreated control group design with
dependent pretest and posttest samples. The data were analyzed using non
parametric Mann-Whitney. The result indicated that there is the difference in marital
adjustment in intervened group with unintervened group (z = - 2.932, p = 0.002).
Gratitude intervention significantly increased level of marital adjustment couple at
early stages of marriage.


A terdiurnal 2 hr period component is often observed in the radar and optical measurements of wind and temperature field at mesospheric heights. This might be either a global tidal wave of the -rd harmonics of diurnal tide or locally confined gravity wave component or normal mode Lamb waves. Observationally, it has been found that in winter it is more evident and stable with longer vertical wavelength than in summer. Here, a brief overview is given in view of the latitudinal comparison of modeled and recently observed terdiurnal components, mostly at higher latitudes which might reflect higher order modes and relevant generation mechanism either by solar direct drive or by non-linear interaction or by local agent. key words: atmospheric tide, terdiurnal tide, meteor radar, polar region, optics


Recently, the online market environment is quite competitive, and the organizations have to make sure to focus on continuously meeting the current and potential needs of the customers. Customer loyalty is primarily achieved by satisfying customer's expectations. In online shopping, since the products are intangible, it is important to build trust among the customers. Organizations need to thoroughly understand the consumer behavior and consumer needs in order to create and implement effective customer retention strategies. This study attempts to study the relationship between customer loyalty and customer trust in online shopping since trust is the glue that holds the customer relationship together in the current competitive market. Data is collected through the structured questionnaire. The results of this study legitimate the idea that trust of the customer acts as a mediating factor which enhances the loyalty of the customer in regard to the further purchase and consumption of the particular product or service in the online environment.


This article discusses the tunnel construction program of the New York City Transit Authority. Details of the East 63rd Street tunnel are given, including bidding results, the alternate proposals, the geology of the site, the sequence of construction operations, tunnel and station area excavation.


perfect Lorentz gas model is assumed. equation with Poissonfs equation have been obtained for ratios of electrode spacing to mean free path of 0, 0. 5, 1, and 2. Density and potential curves together with current- voltage character istics are presented. Self-consistent-field solutions of the Boltzmann


Inductive loops are often observed in the electrochemical impedance diagrams of complex electrochemical systems. This feature is generally attributed to the potentialinduced adsorption-desorption of a species affecting the electrochemical transfer rate. Interestingly, this behavior appears systematically present for electrodes under corrosion conditions, and a simple relationship between the characteristic frequency fc of the inductive loop and the steady-state current density J0 has been pointed out by Erne and Vanmaekelbergh [1], namely J0/2πfc = eNS, where e is elementary charge and NS is a characteristic surface concentration, systematically found to be on the order of a monolayer (10 cm). The models based on an adsorption/desorption mechanism may be consistent with such a proportionality relationship, but the expected value for NS would then be on the order of kBTCH/e , where CH is Helmholtz capacitance and kB and T have their usual meanings, a value one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that found experimentally. We show here that a mechanism in terms of a potential-dependent surface roughness, suggested long ago but never assessed, does plausibly account for these experimental findings.


The bond valence model was used to study the stability of the non-stoichiometric LaO1_,xF1+2x phases, the solid solubility in the (La1_ xGd )OCl system and the phase transformation in the REOCl (RE3+ =La3+—Nd3+, Sm 3+—Gd Ho and Y ) series. The stability of the non-stoichiometric LaO1_xF1+2x (0 < x < 0.3) phase decreases with increasing excess fluoride. The global instability index values close to 0.2 indicate the instability of the non-stoichiometric phase. The relative stability of the (La1_ x Gdx )OCl (0 < x < 1.0) solid solutions achieved its minimum in the middle of the series. However, the X-ray powder diffraction results indicated complete solid solubility in the whole (La1_ x Gdx )OCl series and no phase separation was observed. The bond valence model was used to explain the structural transformation from the tetragonal oxychlorides, REOCl (RE = La—Er, and Y), to hexagonal beyond ErOCI. The calculated global instability index values did not show any clear trend across the REOCl series probably due to the inaccuracies and incoherencies in the original structural data.


The invention discloses a method for avoiding path conversion in switching, comprising the following steps: when cell switching occurs on user equipment (UE), a target node receives a switching request message which is sent to the target node by a source node; and the target node judges whether the path conversion process needs to be initiated according to the switching request, and if not, the target node determines that the path conversion process is not initiated to a core network. In the method, information interaction between an access network and the core network and information interaction inside the core network are avoided, the signaling overhead is saved, the load of the core network is reduced, the possibility that the core network can know network topology is avoided and whether the UE safety capability stored by the RN (Radio Navigation) is tampered can be detected.


In order to examine the short-term variations of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protozoa community structures with bloom events, water samples were collected every other day at one site in the coastal water off Incheon, Korea, from August 15-September 30, 2001. Chlorophyll-α concentrations varied widely from 1.8 to 19.3 ㎍ l?¹ with the appearances of two major peaks of chlorophyll-α concentration during the study period. Size-fractionated chlorophyll-α concentration showed that net-size fraction (>20/㎛) comprised over 80% of total chlorophyll-α during the first and second bloom periods, nano-size fraction (3~20 ㎛) comprised average 42% during the pre- (before the first bloom) and post-bloom periods (after the second bloom), and pico- size fraction (<3 ㎛) comprised over 50% during inter-bloom periods (i.e. between the first and second bloom periods). Dominant phytoplankton community was shifted from autotrophic nanoflagellates to diatom, diatom to picophytoplankton, picophytoplankton to diatom, and then diatom to autotrophic nanotlagellates, during the pre-, the first, the inter, the second, and the post-bloom periods, respectively. During the blooms, Chaetoceros pseudocrinitus and Eucampia zodiacus were dominant diatom species composed with more than 50% of total diatom. Carbon biomass of heterotrophic protozoa ranged from 8.2 to 117.8 ㎍C l?¹ and showed the highest biomass soon after the peak of the first and second blooms. The relative contribution of each group of the heterotrophic protozoa showed differences between the bloom period and other periods. Ciliates and HDF were dominant during the first and second bloom periods, with a contribution of more than 80% of the heterotrophic protozoan carbon biomass. Especially, different species of HDF, thecate and athecate HDF, were dominant during the first and the second bloom periods, respectively. Interestingly, Noctiluca scintillans appeared to be one of the key organisms to extinguish the first bloom. Therefore, our study suggests that heterotrophic protozoa could be a key player to control the phytoplankton community structure and biomass during the study period.


In this article, the design of a miniature <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band rat-race coupler in CMOS is presented. Through the employment of cascaded bridged-T coils in place of transmission line sections in conventional designs, a very compact circuit layout can be achieved through meandering the cascaded bridged-T coils. Also, in order to properly characterize the bridged-T coil design in CMOS, a new model extraction technique for lossy bridged-T coils is developed. The proposed model extraction technique is based on analytic equations only, and it can consider the frequency-dependent conductor and dielectric losses associated with a lossy bridged-T coil. With the aid of the proposed model extraction technique, a miniature <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band rat-race coupler is realized using a commercial 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. It features a circuit size of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$312\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 234\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which corresponds to an electrical size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.062\lambda _{0} \times 0.047\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 60 GHz. Good measured performance is obtained, and the measured bandwidth defined under an amplitude imbalance within 1.1 dB, a phase error within 5°, a return loss better than 15 dB, and an isolation better than 20 dB is from 55.2 to 60.9 GHz or 9.82%.


the paper consists of three parts . The first one deals with the origins of university and consequently with the attached structures such as t he university residences. >From this premise we can clearly understand that university and student resi dences have always been linked to the urban centre by a symbiotic relationship. The second part is about th e most important normative references and includes th illustration of the organizational models suggested by the regulations considering the contemporary bu ilding situation. Two examples of student housing are fina lly proposed: a reused building in Turin and a new structure in Pisa, through which we illustrate the same urban redevelopment problems.


The fast fracture behavior of polyethylene, polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) are compared for two different thicknesses of material. The aim was to make fracture measurements under precisely defined steady load conditions after the material has reached a stress relaxed state. It was essential that the experimental technique provided good isolation between crack initiation and crack propagation. This was achieved in small rectangular shaped specimens by adding a tongue to one side extending the intended crack path. A fast crack was initiated in the tongue to propagate into the main section after it had been loaded and allowed to stress relax. When necessary the tongue was embrittled by cooling so a crack can be initiated with minimum force. This new method obtains the threshold load to just maintain crack propagation and also the increase of crack velocity with load above this threshold up to the limiting condition.


Bioremediation measures to restore soil ecosystems are environmentally safe, promising and relevant. Soil ecosystems contaminated with hexachlorobenzene require remediation measures. Studying the effectiveness of applying the microbial remediator Comamonas testosteroni UCM B-400, phytoremediator Zea mays L. cultivar Olena and microbial and phytoremediation complex to remove hexachlorobenzene contamination was carried out. The HCB content was determined by chromatographic method, the microbial groups reactions to application of various remediators in the soil were studied by classical microbiological methods. The results showed that the most effective is the complex using remediators Comamonas testosteroni UCM B-400 and Zea mays L. cultivar Olena, where HCB content was reduced to 82%.


Mobile networks are constantly evolving: new Radio Access Technologies (RATs) are being introduced, and backhaul architectures like Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) and distributed base stations are being proposed. Furthermore, small cells are being deployed to enhance network capacity. The end-users wish to be always connected to a high-quality service (high bit rates, low latency), thus causing a very complex network control task from an operator's point of view. We thus propose a framework allowing joint overall network resource management. This scheme covers different types of network heterogeneity (multi-RAT, multi-layer, multi-architecture) by introducing a novel, hierarchical approach to network resource management. Self-Organizing Networks (SON) and cognitive network behaviors are covered as well as more traditional mobile network features. The framework is applicable to all phases of network operation like planning, deployment, operation, maintenance and therefore aids network operators in improving their business potential.


The volume contains six working papers presented 1991 National Institute of Education conference on Indian participation in educational research. The articles are: "A Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Nez Perce Tribal Legends and Selected AngloAmerican Children's Stories for Value-Attitude Factors of Achievement Motivation" by Cecil T. Jose; "Indian Educational Research in a Large Urban School DistrictA Conceptual Point of View" by Rosemary Christensen with Jan Witthuhn; "National Assessment of the Status of Minorities in American Higher Education: A Project Overview" by Patricia Porter McNamara: "Literacy and Educational Needs of American Indian Adults: Some Initial Results and Observations on Conducting the,First National Study" by Rodney L. Brod and John M. McQuiston: "Indian Education, Wages and Labor Supply" by Ronald L. Trosper: and "Indian Education Policy Reform: Policy and Implementation" by Myron Jones. (SB1 ************** ************* *** * ****************, ******* Reproductions supplied by EDPS are the best that can be macre from the original document. * *******_ ******************** *************************************** Indian Pa icipatior in Educational Research A Conference Sponsored by The National Inst tue of Education


Abstract Welding proces is basic joining technique in shipbuilding. Such method generated welding distortions which cause a lot of problems during the manufacturing process. In the literature it is proposed wide spectrum of suggestions for a correct estimation of welding deformation in particular angular deformation in the fillet welded T joint. In the work influence of oversizing of weld on angular distortions of joint is presented basing upon of the results of the laboratory measurements. Values determined on the basis of literature hypotheses are compared with the one obtained from the laboratory test.


The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration has reported the detection of GW190412, a black hole–black hole (BH–BH) merger with the most unequal masses to date. (Another system, with even more unequal-mass components, was recently published by LIGO/Virgo: GW190814 (m 1 = 23 , m 2 = 2.6 ); however, it is not known whether it is a BH–BH or BH–NS merger (Abbott et al. ).) They are m 1 = 24.4–34.7 and m 2 = 7.4–10.1 , corresponding to a mass ratio of q = 0.21–0.41 (90% probability range). Additionally, GW190412's effective spin was estimated to be χ eff = 0.14–0.34, with the spin of the primary BH in the range a spin = 0.17–0.59. Based on this and prior detections, ≳10% of BH–BH mergers have q ≲ 0.4. Major BH–BH formation channels (i.e., dynamics in dense stellar systems, classical isolated binary evolution, or chemically homogeneous evolution) tend to produce BH–BH mergers with comparable masses (typically with q ≳ 0.5). Here we test whether the classical isolated binary evolution channel can produce mergers resembling GW190412. We show that our standard binary evolution scenario, with the typical assumptions on input physics that we have used in the past, produces such mergers. For this particular model of the input physics the overall BH–BH merger rate density in the local universe (z ∼ 0) is , while for systems with the rate density is . The results from our standard model are consistent with the masses and spins of the black holes in GW190412, as well as with the LIGO/Virgo estimate of the fraction of unequal-mass BH–BH mergers. As GW190412 shows some weak evidence for misaligned spins, we provide distribution of the precession parameter in our models and conclude that if among the new LIGO/Virgo detections the evidence of system precession is strong and more than 10% of BH–BH mergers have large in-plane spin components (χ p > 0.5), then the common envelope isolated binary BH–BH formation channel can be excluded as their origin.


Objective and fair defect consulting is the key to the amicable resolution of the escalating defect disputes about apartment houses, and it requires a precondition, a foundation to carry out the consulting in such a fashion through the standardization. This study suggested a basic model for the standard defect consulting procedure for establishing the basic system of the consulting operation. The future goal of this study is to develop a model for the standard defect consulting procedure to collect extensive data related with defect consulting effectively and develop a system for providing useful information that can assist the court in making a decision for defects.


The rapid development of Wanfeng Group in Zhejiang provides many successful experiments to other entrepreneurs. The most important is the valid encourage mechanism that has special features and easy to operate, which including vacation designing, position rising system, the right of two-dimension nine-pattern distributing and authorizing, closed chain testing, material encourage considering virtue and capacity, stereoscopic dynamitic distributing mechanism according to actual effect and special spirit encourage.


【Objective】To evaluate the effect of combined radiotherapy and thymic peptide on the survival rate of moderate-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.【Methods】One hundred twenty four patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups,in which there were 60 cases in the combined therapy group and 64 cases in the radiotherapy alone group respectively.The 5-year survival rate,disease free survival rate,local control rate and distant metastasis rate in both groups were evaluated.【Results】 The 5-year survival rate,disease free survival rate,local control rate and distant metastasis rate of the combined therapy group were 61.6%、55%、66.7%、30% respectively,while the data of the control group were 40.6%、31.3%、54.7%、48.4%(P0.05).【Conclusion】The combined radiotherapy with thymic peptide can highly improve the survival rate of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lower its distant metastasis rate.


Moving software development into the engineering arena requires controllability, and to control a process, it must be measurable. Measuring the process does no good if the product is not also measured, i.e., being the best at producing an inferior product does not define a quality process. Also, not every number extracted from software development is a valid measurement. A valid measurement only results when we are able to verify that the number is representative of the attribute that we wish to measure. Many proposed software metrics are used by practitioners without these metrics ever having been validated, leading to costly but often useless calculations. Several researchers have bemoaned the lack of scientific precision in much of the published software measurement work and have called for validation of software metrics by measurement theory. This dissertation applies measurement theory to validate fifty proposed object-oriented software metrics.


The ligands 3-nitroformazans(I) are the versatile complex forming agents as their chelation with rhodium(III) may occur through(i) one of the oxygen atoms of the nitro group and one of the four nitrogens of formazyl group giving structures involving metal-nitrito 0 = !i oRh(III) type of linkage; (ii)nitrogens 1and 4 ofthefOflft8Z8ftgroup gi-v'-Ag structures.(lla) or: (lIb) having cis or trans geometry; (iii) nitrogens 1 and 5 of the formazan group giving symmetrical six membered chelate ring structures (III). In view of the presence of a number of potential donor sites, it was thought worthwhile to investigate the coordination behaviour of these ligands. Thus, a number of Rh(lII) chelates with various substituted 3-nitroformazans have been prepared and characterised on the basis of elemental analysis, IR and PMR spectral studies.


Further training is an essential element in education and training of students at technical universities. The article raises the problem of organization and implementation of lifelong learning in the system of education. The emerging contradiction between the requirements of modern society for a specialist and the existing real conditions for teaching students forced us to reorganize the process of teaching graphic courses by means of using the elements of further distance education. The authors consider the possibility of training correspondence students specialized in engineering and construction on graphic modules by means of distance learning and electronic educational system Moodle 3. The learning environment includes the educational and methodical complex of the module with the use of computer and Internet technologies, multimedia and a depository of exercises for students' individual work. Students are trained remotely, on-the-job, that significantly improves the quality of the modules of the graphic area.


In modern algorithms of arterial hypertension treatment, the main strategic approach aimed at increasing the therapy effectiveness is the use of fixed combinations (FC) of two antihypertensive drugs at the start of therapy and of three drugs (preferably in one tablet) when it is necessary to intensify pharmacotherapy. Starting therapy with two drugs in one tablet (FC) is recommended for more than 70 % of patients. The article provides up-to-date information on the choice of a fixed combination for the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) according to modern national and international recommendations. The place of a fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine among antihypertensive drugs in achieving the goal of treating patients with arterial hypertension was determined. The advantages of the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine due to the wide range of indications and its effectiveness for patients with hypertension in combination with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome are discussed. The distinctive properties of the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine are emphasized: it allows achieving target values of blood pressure (BP), improves adherence to treatment, reduces the frequency of prescribing additional antihypertensive drugs, and increases patient satisfaction with treatment. In patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine allows achieving target values of blood pressure, promotes adherence to treatment, reduces heart rate, improves biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and functional kidney indicators. Ramipril, along with perindopril, is widely prescribed for patients with arterial hypertension, and its combination with amlodipine can be considered the method of choice in arterial hypertension patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome.


This paper investigates the relationship between loanword adaptation and phonological borrowing by looking at the Mexican Plautdietsch speech community. Plautdietsch borrowings from Mexican Spanish sometimes undergo loanword adaptation to fit the native phonological system (e.g. Spanish [peso] > Plautdietsch [pəɪzo] 'peso'), but some community members exhibit a borrowed pattern of deaffrication that targets native lexical items (e.g. [dit͡ʃ ]) 'German' > [diʃ]). I show that the output of /t͡ʃ/ deaffrication in Mexican Plautdietsch follows the phonological pattern of northern Mexican Spanish deaffrication, rather than an inherited pattern that adapts loanwords from High German and Russian. I propose that while some mechanisms of phonetic and phonological interpretation are similar for both loanword adaptation and phonological borrowing, the novel Mexican Spanish pattern could have only entered the community due to the unique structure of phonological representation associated with advanced bilingualism. This prediction is borne out in the social distribution of deaffrication wherein men, who are expected to become advanced bilinguals, exhibit the innovation more than women. By adding a dimension of phonological representation to our models of loanword adaptation, we can expand the model's behavior to also account for outcomes involving the restructuring of the heritage language.


Part I: Dissociation: An Overview. van der Hart, Dorahy, History of the Concept of Dissociation. Braude, The Conceptual Unity of Dissociation: A Philosophical Argument. Part II: Developmental Approaches to Dissociation. Carlson, Yates, Sroufe, Dissociation and the Development of the Self. Liotti, Attachment and Dissociation. Silberg, Dallam, Dissociation in Children and Adolescents: At the Crossroads. Dutra, Bianchi, Siegel, Lyons-Ruth, The Relational Context of Dissociative Phenomenon. Barlow, Freyd, Adaptive Dissociation: Information Processing and Response to Betrayal. Schore, Attachment Trauma and the Developing Right Brain: Origins of Pathological Dissociation. Part III: Normal and Exceptional Dissociation. Dalenberg, Paulson, The Case for the Study of "Normal" Dissociation Processes. Steele, Dorahy, van der Hart, Nijenhuis, Dissociation versus Alterations in Consciousness: Related but Different Concepts. Cardena, van Dujil, Weiner, Terhune, Possession/Trance Phenomenon. Part IV: Acute Dissociation. Bryant, Is Peritraumatic Dissociation Always Pathological? Moskowitz, Evans, Peritraumatic Dissociation and Amnesia in Violent Offenders. Beere, Dissociative Perceptual Reactions: The Perceptual Theory of Dissociation. Part V: Chronic Dissociation. Dell, The Phenomena of Pathological Dissociation. Steele, van der Hart, Nijenhuis, The Theory of Trauma-Related Structural Dissociation of the Personality. Nijenhuis, Somatoform Dissociation and Somatoform Dissociative Disorders. Beere, The Self-System as Mechanism for the Dissociative Disorders: An Extension of the Perceptual Theory of Dissociation. O'Neil, Dissociative Multiplicity and Psychoanalysis. Part VI: Neurobiology of Dissociation. Brenner, Neurobiology of Dissociation: A View from the Trauma Field. Nijenhuis, den Boer, Psychobiology of Traumatization and Trauma-Related Structural Dissociation of the Personality. Simeon, Neurobiology of Depersonalization Disorder. Pain, Bluhm, Lanius, Dissociation in Patients with Chronic PTSD: Hyperactivation and Hypoactivation Patterns, Clinical and Neuroimaging Perspectives. Part VII: The DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders. Dell, The Long Struggle to Diagnose Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD): I. MPD. Dell, The Long Struggle to Diagnose Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD): II. Partial MPD. Ross, Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue. Simeon, Depersonalization Disorder. Part VIII: Dissociation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Waelde, Silvern, Carlson, Fairbank, Kletter, Dissociation in PTSD. Ginzburg, Butler, Saltzman, Koopman, Dissociative Reactions in PTSD. Ford, Dissociation in Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). Part IX: Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder and Substance Dependence. Zanarini, Jager-Hyman, Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder. Howell, Blizard, Chronic Relational Trauma Disorder: A New Diagnostic Scheme for Borderline Personality and the Spectrum of Dissociative Disorders. Somer, Opiod Use Disorder and Dissociation. Part X: Dissociation and Psychosis. Moskowitz, Read, Farrelly, Rudegeair, Williams, Are Psychotic Symptoms Traumatic in Origin and Dissociative in Kind? Sar, Ozturk, Psychotic Presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorder. Nurcombe, Scott, Jessop, Dissociative Hallucinosis. Ross, The Theory of a Dissociative Subtype of Schizophrenia. Part XI: Assessment and Measurement of Dissociation. Frankel, Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders: Clinical and Forensic Assessment with Adults. Brown, True Drama or True Trauma? Forensic Trauma Assessment and the Challenge of Detecting Malingering. Part XII: Treatment of Dissociation. Kluft, A Clinician's Understanding of Dissociation: Fragments of an Acquaintance. Gold, Seibel, Treating Dissociation: A Contextual Approach. Bromberg, Multiple Self-States, the Relational Mind, and Dissociation: A Psychoanalytic Perspective. Stern, Dissociation and Unformulated Experience: A Psychoanalytic Model of Mind. Part XIII: Toward a Clarified Understanding of Dissociation. Dell, Lawson, An Empirical Delineation of the Domain of Pathological Dissociation. Sar, Ross, A Research Agenda for the Dissociative Disorders Field. Dell, Understanding Dissociation.


Disclosed are oral care compositions and the use of such oral care compositions for inhibiting co-aggregation of oral bacteria and inhibiting bacterial growth. Also disclosed are methods for inhibiting co-aggregation of oral bacteria and inhibiting bacterial growth. The oral care composition includes cranberry extract non-dialyzable material, in which the cranberry extract non-dialyzable material is present in an amount effective to inhibit co-aggregation of oral bacteria and/or inhibit bacterial growth.


Observational evidence from pulsar radio scintillations suggests a qualitative interpretation of the spectrum of irregularities in the interstellar medium. The coarse-scale (approx.10/sup 13/ cm) irregularities cannot result from the propagation of waves through the interstellar plasma, but the fine-scale (approx.10/sup 10/ cm) structure might be attributable to Alfven and magnetoacoustic waves. The characteristic scales of irregularity agree with the scales of the dissipative processes: the mean free path for the coarse irregularities and the Landau-damping scale for the fine structure.