SUMMARY To investigate the role of vesicle surface charge in the development of adjuvants, liposomes were formulated from either the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide or the anionic lipid surfactant, 1,2 -distearoyl-sn-glycer o-3phospho-L-serine (DSPS) in combination with the immunomodulating glycolipid, trehalose -6,6'-dibeha nate (TDB). The anionic latent tuberculosis subunit vacc ine, Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c (Hybrid56) was combined within these liposome adjuvant formulations. Initial findings from this study showed that there is a liposome charge-dependent trend in the immunogenicity of these vaccine formulations, with cationic DDA/TDB:H56 displaying a Th1-biased immune response with enhanced Th1 cytokine production (bot h at the injection site and spleen) and antibody titres. However complete replacement of cationic DDA with anionic DSPS within the formulation changes the immune response to a Th2-biased response with slightly inc reased production of IL5 and IL10 at the spleen. INTRODUCTION Liposomes are a flexible and versatile adjuvant delivery system. The ability of these vesicles to p r tect antigens from degradation, increase antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) as well as increase the contr olled release of antigen over time has led to these syste ms being an ideal formulation for the delivery of subunit va ccines. Sub-unit protein antigens in vaccine formulations a re becoming more common due to their increased safety profile, however sub-unit antigens lack immunogenic ity when administered alone but when formulated with adjuvants such as liposome delivery systems they ar e able to deliver a powerful immune response . The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of liposo me surface charge of adjuvants in effective delivery o f subunit protein antigens and also the subsequent im mune response generated. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Liposomes were formulated from dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide or 1,2distearoylsn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DSPS) in combination with the immunostimulatory glycolipid trehalose 6,6' – dibehenate. Liposomes were prepare d by the lipid film hydration method 3 with a final lipid concentration of 1.98 mM and TDB concentration of 0 .25 mM (8:1 M/M) with the liposomes adsorbing Ag85BESAT6-Rv2660c (H56) antigen to a final concentratio n of 0.1 mg/ml (5 μg/vaccine dose). As negative control formulations, mice were immunised with H56 antigen alone and PBS buffer respectively. All mice were immunised intramuscularly (i.m.) into the left quadricep with the proposed vaccine ( 50 μl/dose) three times, with two week intervals betwe en each immunisation. Blood (50 μl) was collected from tail at various timepoints throughout the study (Day 0, 14, 28, 35 and 49). On day 49 of the vaccine study mice wer e terminated with the spleens and muscle from the sit e of injection collected. Duoset sandwich ELISAs were carried out on supernatant fractions in order to de termine the presence of various cytokines (IFNγ, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL1β, IL18 and IL33). Antibody ELISAs were carried out to determine titres of IgG1 and IgG2b i n the blood sera. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Upon the final timepoint of the study, mice immunised with DDA/TDB:H56 gave rise to higher production of Th1 cytokines IFN γ and IL2 thus representing a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response which has been shown to be required against disease such as TB. Whereas the DSPS/TDB:H56 formulation gave rise to slightly higher production of Th2 cyto kines IL5 and IL10 thus representing a shift in bias towa rds a humoral immune response (Figure 1). Figure 1 Cytokine production from splenocytes res timulated in vitro with 5 μg/ml H56 antigen. Results denote mean ± SD of duplicate wells of 5 mice per formulation. During this investigation there was a need to monit or and study 'leg immune responses' at the site of injecti on (SOI). This was in order to monitor the immune resp onse in regards to cytokines associated with the inflamm asome complex such as interleukin1-beta (IL1 β), interleukin-18 (IL18) and interleukin-33 (IL33). Results from this study demonstrate a liposome charge-dependent relationship in the cytokine respo n e at the vaccination site. IL1 β and IL-18 levels from mice immunised with DDA/TDB:H56 were in the region of 16,000 pg/g tissue and 7,000 pg/g tissue respective ly (Figure 2). DSPS/TDB:H56 immunised mice were able t o produce slightly higher levels of IL33 (12,000 pg/g tissue) at the vaccination site in comparison to DDA/TDB:H5 6, free H56 and PBS-control immunised mice respectivel y which gave levels of 10,000, 1800 and 500 pg/g tiss ue respectively (Figure 2). This data suggests a role for the inflammasome in the enhanced production of these cytokines, as upon activation this complex contains caspase-1, which i s able to convert the inactive pro-form to the active cyto kine. These cytokines subsequently lead to increased immu ne responses and cytokine production at the spleen (Fi gure 1). Figure 2 – Cytokine production from muscle supernat a ts (IL1β, IL18 and IL33) derived from immunised mice. Results deno t mean ± SD of duplicate wells of 5 mice per formulation. In terms of antibody response in the blood sera, t hese results showed there was a liposome charge-dependen t trend present in which the cationic DDA/TDB:H56 formulation gave rise to higher antibody titres tha n anionic DSPS/TDB:H56, free H56 and PBS-immunised mice respectively (Figure 3) with the antibody resp onse measured peaking at either day 36 or day 49 p.i of formulations (Figure 3). These results also demonstrate the importance of a liposome delivery system in the delivery of subunit protein antigen, as the delivery of subunit vaccine alone leads to a significant reduction in immune response s in terms of cytokine production and antibody response (Figures 1-3). Figure 3 Antibody responses (A: IgG1; B: IgG2b) f ollowing immunisation with formulations. Ab levels in the bl ood sera are represented as the log 10 of reciprocal endpoint three-fold dilutions required to reach an OD of 0.2. Results denote mean ± SD of duplicate wells of 5 mice per formulation. Significance is me asured by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test. Significance is shown by *p<0.001 compared to DDA/TDB:H56 at the day 49 timepoint. CONCLUSION These studies have demonstrated that upon i.m injection of H56 antigen in combination with DDA/TD B, this leads to enhanced immune responses both at the SOI and the spleen, as indicated by increased cytokine responses. The presence of pro-inflammatory cytokin es (IL1β, IL18 and IL33) at the vaccination site suggests a role for the inflammasome in the ensuing immune response which correlates with cytokine production in the spleen. Current studies are ongoing to see if the a ntigen depot can be improved using various entrapment processes and to correlate these findings with the generated immune response. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was partly funded by NEWTBVAC (Contract No. HEALTH-F3-2009-241745). NEWTBVAC has been made possible by contributions from the European Commission. REFERENCES 1. Foged, C., et al., . Vaccine, 2004. 22(15-16): p. 1903-13. 2. Perrie, Y., et al., Int J Pharm, 2008. 364(2): p. 272-80. 3. Bangham, A.D., M.M. Standish, and J.C. Watkins, J Mol Biol, 1965. 13(1): p. 238-52. 4. Sutterwala, F.S., et al., J Endotoxin Res, 2006. 12(4): p. 251-6. DDA/TDB:H56 DDA/TDB:H56 DSPS/TDB:H56


Observations made by ultraviolet (UV) detectors on board Pioneer 10, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2 can be used to analyze the distribution of neutral hydrogen throughout the heliosphere, including the interaction regions of the solar wind and local interstellar medium. Previous studies of the long-term trend of decreasing intensity with increasing heliocentric distance established the need for more sophisticated heliospheric models. Here we use state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) neutral models to simulate Lyman-alpha backscatter as would be seen by the three spacecrafts, exploiting a new 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code under solar minimum conditions. Both observations and simulations of the UV backscatter intensity are normalized for each spacecraft flight path at ∼15 AU, and we focus on the slope of decreasing intensity over an increasing heliocentric distance. Comparisons of simulations with Voyager 1 Lyman-alpha data results in a very close match, while the Pioneer 10 comparison is similar due to normalization, but not considered to be in agreement. The deviations may be influenced by a low resolution of photoionization in the 3D MHD-neutral model, a lack of solar cycle activity in our simulations, and possibly issues with instrumental sensitivity. Comparing the slope of Voyager 2 and the simulated intensities yields an almost identical match. Our results predict a large increase in the Lyman-alpha intensity as the hydrogen wall is approached, which would signal an imminent crossing of the heliopause.


Context In far-northern Queensland, Melomys burtoni and M. cervinipes occur within sugarcane crops and adjacent habitats and are potentially damaging to sugarcane. Aims To examine the population dynamics and diet of Melomys spp. within sugarcane crops so that, in conjunction with cane-stalk damage assessments, their pest status could be determined and information provided relevant to the development of sustainable pest-management tools. Methods Eight sites within sugarcane fields, four adjacent to grassland and four adjacent to closed forest, were established around Tully in far-northern Queensland. We examined demographic characteristics of all rodents (the two Melomys spp. and Rattus sordidus) within the crops by capture–release studies. Snap-trapping and dissection studies, along with weed-biomass surveys, were conducted for diet analysis, whereas damaged stalk counts were undertaken to understand the damage process. Fieldwork commenced within a fully developed crop, then continued through the annual harvest period and all subsequent crop growth stages to the next harvest. Sampling was undertaken monthly from February 2005 to April 2006. Key results Melomys cervinipes was rarely caught in sugarcane and should not be regarded as a pest. In contrast, M. burtoni feeds on sugarcane and was responsible for damage to ~6% of stalks. In sites adjacent to closed forest, R. sordidus was found in higher numbers than was M. burtoni in Crop stages 2–4. However, at sites adjacent to grassland, numbers of M. burtoni increased in Crop stage 4, and before crop harvest, M. burtoni was found in higher numbers than was R. sordidus. M. burtoni colonised sugarcane at later stages of crop development than did R. sordidus. Although the level of M. burtoni reproduction was lower than that of R. sordidus, the highest proportion of pregnant M. burtoni individuals occurred during the later stages of crop development, corresponding directly with the highest proportion of juvenile recruitment. Conclusions Of the two Melomys species found in northern Queensland sugarcane crops, only M. burtoni should be regarded as a pest. This rodent breeds and feeds within the crop, primarily after canopy closure. M. burtoni captures were roughly equivalent irrespective of adjacent habitat type, whereas R. sordidus, the traditionally recognised major pest of sugarcane crops, was found in significantly higher numbers in sugarcane adjacent to closed forest. Implications The integrated pest-management (IPM) strategy developed for R. sordidus is centred on the early stages of crop development and includes population monitoring, in-crop weed control, harbourage management and strategic use of permitted rodenticides. The late colonisation and lower breeding potential of M. burtoni mean that the IPM strategy for R. sordidus will not be directly transferable to M. burtoni.


Although the literature on sustainability assessment tools to support decision making in agriculture is rapidly growing, little attention has been paid to the actual tool choice. We focused on the choice of more complex integrated indicator-based tools at the farm level. The objective was to determine key characteristics as criteria for tool choice. This was done with an in-depth comparison of 2 cases: the Monitoring Tool for Integrated Farm Sustainability and the Public Goods Tool. They differ in characteristics that may influence tool choice: data, time, and budgetary requirements. With an enhanced framework, we derived 11 key characteristics to describe differences between the case tools. Based on the key characteristics, we defined 2 types of indicator-based tools: full sustainability assessment (FSA) and rapid sustainability assessment (RSA). RSA tools are more oriented toward communicating and learning. They are therefore more suitable for use by a larger group of farmers, can help to raise awareness, trigger farmers to become interested in sustainable farming, and highlight areas of good or bad performance. If and when farmers increase their commitment to on-farm sustainability, they can gain additional insight by using an FSA tool. Based on complementary and modular use of the tools, practical recommendations for the different end users, i.e., researchers, farmers, advisers, and so forth, have been suggested.


Comment on: Daly R, Planas JH, Edens MA. Adapting gel wax into an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis model at low cost. West J Emerg Med. 2017;18(1):114-6. We were happy to discover the article by Daly and colleagues describing a low-cost, pericardiocentesis training model (Figure 1).1 We have struggled to find a cost-effective means of demonstrating and practicing ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis with our emergency medicine residents. We greatly appreciated their ingenuity in building upon and improving previous do-it-yourself models.2,3 We were especially impressed with their addition of a plastic Halloween skeleton thorax and 250 mL normal saline bag to act as the pericardial sac. In that same spirit, we have devised a modification of their model that offers the benefit of morerealistic external landmarks. We followed their instructions with several exceptions. Instead of the square-shaped plastic container that they used for Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda, California


Title Male-male competition in hermit crabs : Assessment of fighting ability with focusing on the role of major cheliped [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 石原 (安田), 千晶 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(水産科学) 甲第11608号 Issue Date 2014-12-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/57683 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Chiaki_Ishihara_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


Theproblemoffinding theminimumnumberof basestations (BSs) required toprovide full network coverage in a point-to-multipoint OFDM basedfixed broadband wireless access networkisinvestigated. We modelthisasa binary integer-programming problem (BIP) anduseanefficient branch andboundalgorithm tosolve theproblem. We alsoprovide a design approach todetermine theminimumnumberofBSs required whenthetraffic demandsatallsubscriber stations (SSs) arevarying overaday.


It is necessary for the universities to carry out bilingual teaching in the curriculum of economics and management in order to develop the modern ideas of high education and to train the international business and management professional with higher quality.Based on the analysis of the specialities of economics and management bilingual teaching as well as the basic factors,such as quality of the docents,students and teaching conditions in the process of bilingual education,this paper focuses on the aims of renewal and renovation of knowledge,enhancement of diathesis and improvement of abilities of students.According to the characteristics of Zhejiang University of Science and technology,the issues of the methods and approaches of bilingual teaching with multi-levels under the background of international cooperation and exchange are discussed and demonstrated.


DR THUSHAN C EKNELIGODA completed his PhD at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. Then he worked in the industry for two years as a senior research engineer before moving to academia. He obtained his post-doctoral qualifications both from Seoul National University and the University of Nottingham. Currently he is a senior lecturer at the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.


borne out by a number of large-scale empirical studies (see Eccles & Midgley, 1989, for a review of this work). For many years it was assumed that such changes were due to the physiological and psychological changes associated with puberty and, thus, inevitable. More recently, however, research has demonstrated that schools can pro vide environments that maintain or even improve Positive relationships with students aid teachers students actively engaged in learning. PHOTO BY DOUG MARTIN


Background
Recently, early warning, prevention, management and control of infectious diseases have been brought to the forefront of public health activities. In addition to traditional syndromic surveillance systems, public health Big data play an increasingly important role in preparedness, early-detection, response and risk communication. Real-time data streams from new situation-aware realtime signals from social media, online searches, loyalty cards, mobile/sensor networks and citizens' participatory surveillance systems need more effectively complement traditional surveillance to enhance preparedness and ensure more effective response.

Objective:
In this abstract, we present medi+board – a public health dashboard system screening real-time data sources for early detection of infection threats, cross-validating sources by correlating data streams and displaying results in an integrated format presented by means of an interactive dashboard.

Methods
An integrated digital public health infrastructure was designed for multiple data-streams with dynamic components for data-mining, threat detection, verification, correlation of threats. Monitoring and detection of multiple channels requires different computational methods according to their structure, timelessness and reliability . Our algorithm is expressed in the form of a directed acyclic graph which can be programmed by the analyst in a visual designer to prevent the need of writing code. Events verified by the processing system are forwarded to the dashboard and, according to the event template, presented in the appropriate visual format. Apart from the resulting increase in productivity, every node encapsulates a specific step in the algorithm with its own distinct set of properties such as the reliability coefficient that can be manipulated directly in the designer.

Results:
medi+board functionality was shown on a simulation of the swine flu pandemics in 2009. We used three datasets: the HPA surveillance data from the Royal College of General Practice (RCGP), Google News API, and Twitter dataset collected during the pandemics in 2009.
The dashboard illustrated the three data streams in a dynamic way while statically illustrating other important segments of data, as if these were available, at two key points of the pandemics (containment phase in the UK when the demographics study of initial cases 'FF100' was conducted; and control phase in the autumn monitoring the distribution of the anti-virals as well as calls to the dedicated "fluline"). Further new data-stream extensions, in progress, include integration of the Medisys new media stream and the InfluenzaNet - the successful pan- European participatory surveillance network for ILI.

Conclusions:
In this abstract, we presented a novel PH dashboard system medi+board. Demonstrated on three data streams from the swine flu 2009 pandemic (RCGP surveillance in the UK, Google News and Twitter streams), the medi+board integrated public health dashboard provides a simulation illustrating how such system could substantially enhance future public health operations. At Medicine 2.0, we will present our new data-stream extensions, in progress, such as the Medisys new media epidemic intelligence stream and the EU participatory network Influenzanet. []


Article history Received: 4 Sep, 2015 Revised: 4 Oct, 2015 Accepted: 5 Oct, 2015 Abstract This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of cupping on the haematological parameters of lamb blood. Ten male Mehreban lambs weighing 23.4±3.24 kg were assigned to two treatments: control and cupping based experimental group. Wet cupping was performed in several steps of sucking, scarification, secondary sucking, bloodletting and removal. Venal blood sampling was obtained one week after wet cupping and samples were tested for haematological parameters. No significant differences were observed between control and cupping groups in mentioned parameters. Cupping has not any negative effect on haematological parameters of sheep and can be tried in the treatment of some diseases in sheep as is used in human.


This article reviews the state-of-the-art numerical calculation of wind turbine wake aerodynamics. Different computational fluid dynamics techniques for modeling the rotor and the wake are discussed. Regarding rotor modeling, recent advances in the generalized actuator approach and the direct model are discussed, as far as it attributes to the wake description. For the wake, the focus is on the different turbulence models that are employed to study wake effects on downstream turbines.


The combined effects of multiple environmental stressors continue to threaten global biodiversity, yet predicting how biotic interactions between native and invasive species may change across a landscape in a multiple stressor environment is relatively understudied. We aim to identify how the invasion of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu) may influence native walleye (Sander vitreus) populations across Ontario lakes at the landscape scale in a changing climate.


Motivation: Single-cell transcriptome data provide unprecedented resolution to study heterogeneity in cell populations and present a challenge for unsupervised classification. Popular methods, like principal component analysis (PCA), often suffer from the high level of noise in the data. Results: Here we adapt Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to study the problem of identifying subpopulations in single-cell transcriptome data. In contrast to the conventional gene-centered view of NMF, identifying metagenes, we used NMF in a cell-centered direction, identifying cell subtypes ('metacells'). Using three different datasets (based on RT-qPCR and single cell RNA-seq data, respectively), we show that NMF outperforms PCA in identifying subpopulations in an accurate and robust way, without the need for prior feature selection; moreover, NMF successfully recovered the broad classes on a large dataset (thousands of single-cell transcriptomes), as identified by a computationally sophisticated method. NMF allows to identify feature genes in a direct, unbiased manner. We propose novel approaches for determining a biologically meaningful number of subpopulations based on minimizing the ambiguity of classification. In conclusion, our study shows that NMF is a robust, informative and simple method for the unsupervised learning of cell subtypes from single-cell gene expression data. Availability and Implementation: https://github.com/ccshao/nimfa Contacts: email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Malnutrition is a well-known complication in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Besides being caused by the disease itself, the causative factor for the problem of nutritional disorders in patients with cirrhosis is the non-compliance of patients in the recommended diet. Patient compliance in fulfilling the right nutrition is needed to support healing, so that changes in behavior are needed. One type of therapy that uses a behavioral approach to overcome the problem of non-compliance is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). CBT is a form of psychotherapy that changes negative thoughts into positive thoughts. This therapy has never been done before to improve dietary compliance and nutritional status, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of CBT on diet compliance and nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis. The type of research used was quasi experimental research. The samples of this study were liver cirrhosis patients with child pugh A and B criteria taken by purposive sampling and divided into the intervention group (n = 32) and control group (n = 32). The data normality was tested using Shapiro Wilk, followed by a different test using paired t-test. The results showed pre-post values in the intervention group with p = 0.000. The effectiveness test results showed the value of Effect Size (ES) CBT on diet compliance was 1.70 (high effect) and CBT ES on nutritional status was 0.77 (moderate effect). CBT was effective in increasing diet compliance and nutritional status in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.


After injections of the low‐molecular‐weight tracer neurobiotin into the preeminential nucleus of the brain of the mormyrid fish Gnathonemus petersii, we observed that retrogradely labeled, large fusiform projection neurons (LFd cells) of the deep granular layer of the electrosensory lobe (ELL) were surrounded by 30–50 labeled satellite granular cells. More superficially located projection cells, including large fusiform cells in the superficial granular layer (LFs) and large ganglionic (LG) cells in the ganglionic layer, were never surrounded by labeled satellites. LFd‐satellite cells have a small soma (diameter 5–8 μm), a few small dendrites, and an apical axon that terminates in the plexiform and ganglionic layers of the ELL. They contact LFd projection neurons with dendrodendritic, dendrosomatic, and somatodendritic puncta adhaerentia‐like appositions, designated here as "neurapses." In the electron microscope, these contacts resemble synapses without presynaptic vesicles. Because no gap junctions were found between LFd and satellite granule cells, we suggest that the neurapses allow the passage of neurobiotin, though not biocytin or biotinylated dextran amine. These contacts may provide the intermediate substrate for the postulated, but so far unknown, excitatory connection between primary afferent input and LFd projection neurons, via γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic granular cells. We suggest that certain puncta adhaerentia‐like contacts might not be only adhesive structures and that LFd‐satellite granular cells might both excite LFd projection cells via neuraptic contacts of their dendrites and cell bodies and inhibit more superficial LF and LG cells via their GABAergic axonal synapses. Our results suggest that puncta adhaerentia‐like contacts could be responsible in some cases for the electrical coupling found electrophysiologically in local inhibitory circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:151–164, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The last ten years have seen an explosive growth in synthetic applications of the Diels-Alder reaction, principally the intramolecular (IMDA) reaction but also the transannular (TADA) version. In this review we present these developments with special emphasis on the synthetic concepts and the experimental results and include related theoretical studies.


ABSTRACT The subclass Pteriomorphia is a morphologically diverse and economically important group of Mollusca. We retrieved 42 mitochondrial genomes (mtGenomes) of Pteriomorphia and concatenated protein-coding genes, rRNAs and tRNAs to assess phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among the families with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. Both ML and BI analyses strongly support the same topology except for the position of Atrina pectinata. Our study confirms the monophyly of the families Arcidae, Mytilidae, Pteriidae, Ostreidae and Pectinidae. Within Pteriomorphia, we recovered two clusters, one comprising Mytilidae, Arcidae and Pectinidae, the other consisting of Ostreidae, Pteriidae and Pinnidae, but we did not confirm a basal position for any family. The phylogenetic trees suggest that Ostreidae, Pteriidae and Pinnidae should be grouped as the order Ostreoida. Divergence times of major families are estimated as follows: Arcidae, 315.9 Ma; Pectinidae, 384.4 Ma; Ostreidae, 240.8 Ma; Mytilidae, 390.8 Ma. Comparative analysis indicates a low-level codon usage bias (with an average of 50.29) in mtGenomes of Pteriomorphia. In Mytilidae and Ostreidae, the codon usage bias was under mutation pressure rather than selection. Contrastingly, mutation is not the main factor in defining the codon usage in Pectinidae and Pteriidae. Among Ostreidae, Pectinidae and Mytilidae, Ka/Ks ratios range from 0.00 to 1.22 and most values (89.11%) are less than 0.20, indicating that most genes are under strong negative or purifying selection. The protein-coding gene orders show dramatically different patterns in Pteriomorphia. There is no gene block even consisting of two genes that is shared by five families.


A recent publication from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reports on the frequency of serious and life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions induced by intravenous dextran solutions in the United States.1 The Food and Drug Administration has become aware that pretreatment with dextran 1 to reduc


With the European Union Global Strategy endorsed by the European Council, Balazs Ujvari, of Egmont – Royal Institute for International Relations, assesses the long-term prospects for the EU's multilateral action.


A magnetic frequency tripler is a nonlinear magnetic system which is used for the production of triple-frequency output from a 3-phase fundamental frequency source. Although triplers have been used extensively for certain applications, the design of these devices has until now been largely empirical. Earlier papers1,2 have presented limited analyses of magnetic frequency-tripling devices and the authors have previously reported on an equivalent-circuit approach to the analysis and design of these devices.3 This latter approach was still partly empirical in that the parameters from which the equivalent circuit was derived had to be determined experimentally.


This article examines the diffusion of homeschooling legislation throughout the 50 states. Event history analysis is used to assess why certain states adopted homeschooling legislation and why some states adopted such legislation earlier than others. Results show that several state-level characteristics are associated with higher odds of enacting homeschooling legislation of which the most noted is state school segregation levels. The data suggest a correlation between racism and the geotemporal diffusion of homeschooling legislation.


Analytical chemistry is a measuring science to probe the compositions and structures of matters, study the chemical constituents, contents, distribution, and interaction of matters, and reveal the space-time rules of matter changes. As the eyes of fundamental scientific research and social activities relative to human security and health, the goals of analytical chemistry are to design sensitive, selective and specific detection strategies, measuring principles and analytical methodologies, and develop modern detection devices and instruments as well as relative soft-wares or control systems. It has played vital roles in discipline frontiers and social events, and provided important supports for the development of life science, material science, energy science, environment science, and space science. Its significance has been shown in different fields such as new drug development, disease diagnosis and early warning, life process study, food and environment safety, quality control of products, economic, and trade, space exploration, forensic medicine, and even anti-terrorist, etc. Currently analytical chemistry has integrated multidisciplinary research achievements to form itself theory systems and new frontier research fields on fundamental levels, while the development of other related disciplines and the progress of human society constantly challenge analytical chemistry to higher needs, which promotes the continuous development of analytical methodologies and detection instruments. Different from other chemical disciplines , the progress of analytical chemistry mainly benefits from the achievements in other frontier fields. For example, the separation and analysis in micro/nano-scale depend on the early development and successful application of nanotechnology and microfluidics, which are directly related to and benefits from the frontier study of life science, such as genomics and proteomics. The limit of mass and size in space exploration and in vivo analysis is also a catalyst for micro/nano-scaled analytical method-ologies and detection devices. Another example is the development of instrumental analysis, which first benefits from the achievements in physics such as electro-magnetics, optics, mechanics and electrics, material science, and computer, meanwhile , the needs in life science, environment science, and space science hasten new methodologies and detection technologies. Thus, analytical chemistry is established in multidisciplinary development and has the distinct features and outstanding sense of the times. This article focuses on the development and challenges of instrumental analysis including chromatography and micro/nanofluidic analysis , spectroscopic analysis, electrochemical analysis, mass spectral analysis, and imaging detection. Their future perspectives and needs are also discussed. Gas chromatography has been well-developed and used for separation of small organic molecules in …


The Thermopolis anticline is a typical structure in the Rocky Mountain foreland, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Photogeologic interpretation of Landsat Thematic Mapper data, in combination with the evaluation of topographic, bore hole, seismic reflection, and field data were used to analyze structure and constrain tectonic models. The anticline is near-concentric, asymmetric with a southwest sense of vergence, and plunges to the northwest. The steeply dipping to overturned southwest limb of the fold is cut at the surface by several thrust faults dipping northeast. Approximately 25% of the stratigraphic section on the southwest limb is missing due to faulting. Two east to northeast-striking, basement-controlled compartmental faults segment the anticline into three blocks that apparently deformed simultaneously but probably independently from one another. Slickensides indicate a dominant southwest tectonic transport direction. Additionally, subtle northeast-trending folds are superposed on the dominant northwest structural trend. Structural patterns at Thermopolis anticline can be explained using models that propose a single phase of northeast Laramide compression, combined with shear-zone deformation.


Eighteen adoptees who had met both their birth mothers and birth fathers were surveyed in order to determine the types of post-reunion relationships they developed with each birth parent and the factors that facilitated or hindered their reunions. While adoptees were more likely to develop a personal rather than nonpersonal relationship with birth mothers, relationships with birth fathers were more evenly divided between personal and nonpersonal relationships. Thematic analysis revealed some similarities in the factors that influence reunions with each birth parent (e.g., birth parent characteristics, support from others), though some differences also emerged (e.g., reactions to pregnancy and relinquishment). Issues of kinship, identity, and family structure are discussed, along with implications for counseling.


Current work addresses an experimental approach which incorporates feature-based object detection, KLT algorithm-based tracking method and Kalman filter-based de-noising technique in a real-time environment. In the detection phase, the mobile robot is detected using Viola-Jones algorithm which extracts detectable features. Then the position of the mobile robot is computed with homography constraints and a region of interest window is set up to accommodate the mobile robot. In the tracking phase, the region of interest window is dealt with using KLT algorithm. The proposed method is of practical importance when the mobile robot is tracked while moving on a predetermined (specified) path as the size of the image of the mobile robot is small relative to the captured image of the environment. Thus the analysis of captured image of environment becomes unnecessary for tracking and thereby the approach reduces computational load. The proposed approach accurately detects and tracks the mobile robot with error percentage ranging from 0.5% to 10% in different parts of the specified path.


Necessary and sufficient conditions for stochastic stability (SS) of discrete-time linear systems subject to Markov jumps in the parameters are considered, assuming that the Markov chain takes values in a general Borel space S. It is shown that SS is equivalent to the spectrum radius of a bounded linear operator in a Banach space being less than 1, or to the existence of a solution of a Lyapunov type equation. These results generalize several previous results in the literature, which considered only the case of the Markov chain taking values in a finite or infinite countable space.


* cited by examiner Primary Examiner — Savitha Rao (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Speckman Law Group PLLC; Janet Sleath (57) ABSTRACT The invention relates to the use of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its derivatives, i.e. its salts and complexes for prevention and treatment of bacterial intestinal diseases of pigs and for increasing the effects of antibiotics exerted in Such diseases. The invention also relates to compositions for animal husbandry, i.e. to veterinary compositions and to feeds and drinks which can be consumed by pigs, comprising EDTA or its derivatives.


ObjectivesTo assess the incidence and risk factors for hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine. DesignA prospective cohort study in a teaching and referral hospital involving all consecutive patients who were prescribed a nevirapine-containing antiretroviral regimen between September 1997 and May 2000. MethodCutaneous and hepatic adverse reactions and clinical hepatitis were assessed. Blood analysis including plasma HIV-1 RNA CD4 cell counts, liver chemistry tests, and serology for hepatitis B and C viruses. Hepatotoxicity was defined as an increase of at least threefold in serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase levels compared with baseline values. ResultsOf a total of 610 patients, 82 (13.4%) were antiretroviral naive when commencing nevirapine, and 46.2 and 8.9% were coinfected with hepatitis C and B viruses, respectively. Median duration of exposure to nevirapine was 8.7 months (interquartile range 3.4–14.3). Hepatotoxicity developed in 76 (12.5%), an incidence of 13.1/100 person-years. Kaplan–Meier estimated incidence of hepatotoxicity at 3, 6 and 12 months was 3.7, 9.7 and 20.1%, respectively. In seven (1.1%) patients, hepatotoxicity was associated with clinical hepatitis, which was reversible upon discontinuation of therapy. Multivariate analysis identified the duration of prior exposure to antiretroviral drugs, hepatitis C virus, and higher baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase as independent risk factors for hepatotoxicity. ConclusionsHepatotoxicity but not clinical hepatitis was common in HIV-1-infected patients receiving nevirapine-containing regimens and the incidence steadily increased over time. Prolonged exposure to any antiretroviral therapy, coinfection with hepatitis C virus and abnormal baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase identified patients at a higher risk.


The relationship of salidroside content with longitude and latitude,elevation and meteorological elements was analyzed to provide a meteorological reference for artificial cultivation of R.crenulata on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The results showed that the salidroside content increased with elevation increasing while decreased with longitude and latitude increasing.Because of too much snow in the first ten days of March and great daily temperature range,the dormant buds were easy to die,which was bad for bud sprouting and salidroside accumulation.Too much precipitation in the middle and last ten days was bad for germination and consequently made salidroside content decrease.It was flowering period in July,great daily temperature range and too much sun exposure would be bad for salidroside accumulation.August was fruiting period,less rainfall and more sunshine was conducive to increase the content of salidroside.Meanwhile,the disadvantageous conditions for the accumulation of salidroside was more snowfall in Winter.


The paper deals with a problem of insufficient productivity of existing computer means for large image processing, which do not meet modern requirements posed by resource-intensive computing tasks of laser beam profiling. Development of a theory of parallel-hierarchic transformation allowed to produce models for high-performance parallelhierarchical processes, as well as algorithms and software for their implementation based on the GPU-oriented architecture. The analyzed performance of suggested computerized tools for processing and classification of laser beam profile images allows to perform real-time processing of dynamic images of various sizes. Keywords— laser beams; image processing; parallel processing; GPGPU; video card programming; parallelhierarchical transformation.


We present a systematic study on the multi-band semiclassical Boltzmann equation (SBE) suitable for the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in a spin-polarized Rashba two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) when both Rashba bands are partially occupied. A group of self-consistent equations for the semiclassical distribution function (DF) of electron wavepackets has been established and solved. Our treatment of the multi-band SBE properly considers the roles played by the intraband and interband electron-impurity elastic scattering, totally different from the tau-parallel & tau-vertical approach and previous SBE results for coordinate-shift effects in the same model. We clarify that the present consideration which fully takes account of the multi-band nature of Rashba model in the Boltzmann level, leading to quantitatively correct results for the side-jump velocity, anomalous DF, intrinsic skew scattering and hybrid skew scattering. Both the intraband and interband side-jump velocities are calculated. The calculations show that the anomalous DF related to the coordinate-shift is canceled exactly by the DF for the intrinsic skew scattering. The obtained anomalous Hall conductivity attributed to the hybrid skew scattering is in complete agreement with the Keldysh approach. We argue that this agreement has in fact not been reached in previous studies. Detailed discussions demonstrate that, for multi-band AHE, the tau-parallel & tau-vertical approach widely-used in isotropic 2DEG is only meant as an effective tool for qualitative analysis of dependence on the impurity concentration and scattering strength of individual anomalous Hall mechanisms, while the present self-consistent approach provides a reliable account of the longitudinal and anomalous Hall transport in isotropic multi-band 2DEG.


Environmental factors such as shock and temperature between long term distribution and storage periods to resolve sealing issues induced to provide an analytical method using the thin-film chemical analysis apparatus and it can detect the analyte quickly and easily . Thin film chemical analysis apparatus, storing fluid required for biological or biochemical analysis, and one or more chambers for performing a biological or biochemical reaction, disposed within or between the channel and is the flow hole connected to channel Te, chamber, a rotatable body that passage and Nagareana are integrated, comprising a sealing means for sealing the fluid within the chamber to close the Nagareana, torso sealing means by a centrifugal force generated by rotation comprises a burst valve to open the Nagareana been ruptured from Nagareana.


The emergence of new technologies such as Internet/Web/Network-of-Things and large scale wireless sensor systems requires the collection of data from an increasing volume of networked-based sensors for analysis. This increases the challenge of routing in network-based sensor systems. This paper presents a study to utilize social insect-based communities for routing in wireless sensor networks. The authors will use for discussion two types of insects: ants and termites. Social insect communities are formed from simple, autonomous and cooperative organisms that are interdependent for their survival. These communities are able to effectively coordinate themselves to achieve global objectives despite a lack of centralized planning. The performances of these insect-based algorithms were tested on common routing scenarios. The results were compared with other routing algorithms with varying network density and showed that insect-based routing techniques improved on network energy consumption with a control over best-effort service.


In multi-user radar applications, waveforms that show low cross-correlation and cross-ambiguity sidelobes are needed. In this study, the authors propose to generate novel multi-user waveforms using a modified version of Costas signals, namely doubly coded Costas signals. The modification principle consists in combining two Costas codes by coding the sub-pulses of the main code by another code. First, the sub-pulse Costas code diversity is used to generate waveforms with low cross-correlation sidelobes and good auto-correlation properties while using the same main Costas code. Conditions on sub-pulse codes are drawn by optimising the auto- and cross-ambiguity functions around the mainlobe. Subsequently, the authors extended the approach to the use of several main Costas codes selected according to particular criteria. Hence, since both main and sub-pulse Costas codes are exploited, the total number of generated signals is increased significantly compared with a usage of standard Costas codes. This can be suitable for multi-user radar applications with a large number of simultaneous users.


In this second half of the paper, the author describes and analysis the psychotherapeutic models of L. Joyce-Moniz and V. Guidano e G. Liotti ending with a clarification of the reasons that justify grouping them (together with Mahoney's model, described in the first half of the paper) in the context of the relationships between philosophy of science and psychotherapy. Stressed as theoretical tenets of Joyce-Moniz's model are: (a) a clinical practice based on »Piaget's psychogenetic constructivism»; (b) the «dialectic relationship between the therapist's and the client's epistemologies» - intended to increase the «epistemic status» of the client and therapist; (c) «client's socio-cognitive characteristics» - taking into consideration the socio-cognitive and structural levels reached by the client; (d) «structures and cognitive restructuring» - understood as dynamic systems of transformation to be activated toward adaptation; (...)


Trans-oceanic dispersal of alate aphids (Hornoptera: Aphididae) \\.as first noted by Elton (1925), who found live aphids on the snows of Spitzbergen and suggested they had come from Kola Peninsula. northern U.S.S.R., a distance of 1300 km. Insects have been trapped on ships at sea, and in one such study off the coast of Argentina, Holzapfel. Tsuda and Harrell (1970) t~apped 2 aphids 1100 km from land, and one at 1500 km. In the Australia-New Zealand region the presence of certain aphid species on Macquarie (Eastop, 1962) and Campbell Islands (Cottier, 196-1) suggests dispersal of alatae from Australia or New Zealand. The grain aphid Macros~pl~um miscantlzi Takahashi has been present in Australia for many years (Eastop, 1966). In New Zealand it had been found on native grasses (Cottier, 1953), but not on ccreals. \ preliminary account of the development on this aphid to pest proportions on cereals is given by Lowe, who, in 1966, recorded the aphid on cereals and grasses in the North Island and in the northern part of the South Island, and in 1967 in Canterbury (Lowe, 1969).


In order to implement human-machine interaction perfectly and watch UAV's data link timely and intuitively,a kind of GCS's antenna component based on GL Studio is constructed,and then the design theory and method are discussed in detail.The components not only have high transplantation,but also can be smoothly integrated with other software.


ONE of Unamuno's most thinly-disguised autobiographical characterizations-Fulgencio Entrambosmares, the eccentric philosopher of Amor y pedagogia (1902)-is marked by the obsession that man is a puppet-like actor hopelessly struggling to improvise a few authentic lines in a drama that some author-perhaps God -has created for him. Such an improvisation, as Entrambosmares tells his friend Avito Carrascal, is technically called a morcilla in the Spanish theater, and he goes on to characterize human existence purely in terms of this metaphor:


This paper describes a Refactoring Learning Environ me t, which is intended to analyze and assess programming code, ba s d on refactoring rules. The Refactoring Learning Environment architecture inclu des an intelligent assistant – Refactoring Agent, which is responsible for analysi s and assessment of the code, written by students in real time by using a set of refactoring methods. According to the situation and based on the refactoring method, which should be applied, the agent could react in different ways. Its goal is to show the student, as much as possible, the weak places of his programming code a nd the possible ways to makes


At least one vessel (1) contains a precursor for an aerosol capable of neutralizing radicals in order to extinguish the fire. An activation device is used to convert the precursor into the aerosol. The vessel and activation device are both combined with a carrier. Fasteners (8) on the carrier cooperate with counter-fasteners forming part of an electronics cabinet and used to secure electronic equipment. An independent claim is also included for an electronics cabinet equipped with the Fire fighting apparatus (9).


In the article by Baharvahdat et al[1][1] in this issue entitled, "Endovascular Treatment for Low-Grade (Spetzler-Martin I–II) Brain Arteriovenous Malformations," the authors retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained data base of low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs)


This paper presents a comparative analysis for two alternatives of industrial substation arrangement with selective secondary radial type: first with one main transformer and one reserve and the second one with two main transformers and one reserve. The analysis are based on the power flow calculation, short circuit and reliability indices using the Electrical Power System Analysis Software (ETAP) and on the acquisition costs of equipment and materials. The analysis' methodology application in both alternatives is presented and the results are analyzed and compared as well.


Presently quantum-cascade (QC) lasers enable emission at the wavelengths ranging from infrared to terahertz making them ideal light source for the distant detection of harmful gases and free-space optical communication. In those applications, requirements for the lasers include: narrow, single-fundamental-mode operation, low-divergent emitted beam, low threshold current and high speed modulation. Those properties are inherently owned by vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). However, when a QC is embedded into conventional vertical cavity, stimulated emission is impossible, because of the absence of the vertical electromagnetic wave component, which makes fundamentally impossible fabrication of QC VCSELs in their conventional design.
We propose a design of QC VCSEL in which top DBR mirror is replaced with a monolithic high-refractive-index contrast grating (MHCG). QCs are embedded within the MHCG stripes where the vertical component of the electromagnetic field is induced, enabling stimulated emission from the QCs.
Using a three-dimensional, fully vectorial optical model combined with an electrical model and gain model we discuss the distribution of the optical field, threshold current, emitted optical power and wall-plug efficiency of a 9 micro m AlInAs/InGaAs/InP QC VCSEL. Our anticipation shows that threshold current of QC VCSELs can be as low as 0.09 mA and the wall-plug efficiency at the level of 4%. We consider methods of current injection to active regions as well as methods of current and optical confinement.
The fabrication possibility of QC VCSELs opens new perspectives for merging the advantages of VCSELs with those of QCLs.


Let's take a look at the word "church" because in our English scriptures it is used to identify the assembly of the people of God. However, the word that our English scriptures translate as "church" is the Greek word "ekklesia". This Greek word is made up of two words, the preposition "ek", which means "out or out of" and "klesia", which means "to be called". Together, "ekklesia" means "to be called out of". So, the "ekklesia" are the ones called out of the world by God; in other words, the New Covenant people of God.


The one way of heat removal intensification from the transformer coils by means of laminar intermediate layer destruction by an ultrasonic irradiation is described. The basic merits and demerits of ultrasound application for transformers irradiation are shown


INTRODUCTION Laboring women's ability to cope with pain is likely to be dependent on a variety of inter-related factors, including the level of pain intensity, the nature of the environment and the perceived support. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to explore coping strategies used by laboring women, related outcomes and factors influencing coping with labor pain. METHODS A mixed-methods systematic review was undertaken. Electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo) were searched to identify eligible studies from December 2020 to November 2021. The quantitative findings were narratively synthesized and reported thematically. The final mixed-methods synthesis involved gathering qualitative and quantitative data and producing a set of synthesized findings. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included. Three themes were identified: 1) definition of coping and types of coping strategies, including behavioral and cognitive based techniques; 2) coping strategies related outcomes, including improvements in self-efficacy and reduction of pain intensity, fear, anxiety, time of admission and labor duration; and 3) factors influencing coping with labor pain, including continuity of carer; environment; presence of a birth companion; cardiotocography monitoring; and antenatal education. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides midwives and healthcare professionals with information to recognize coping strategies spontaneously adopted by laboring women and promote the use of a variety of techniques, as required by individual needs and preferences. Midwives are also provided with up-to-date knowledge on coping strategies related outcomes and influencing factors, which they can utilize to guide evidence-based practice decision-making and facilitate women and families' informed choice.


(1) This paper examines associations between habitat, female age, organochlorine levels in eggs and breeding performance of Accipiter nisus in Annandale, south Scotland. (2) Breeding was better on low mixed farmland (on productive ground) than on upland sheep range or plantation forest (on less productive ground). This was shown by the earlier laying dates on farmland, larger brood sizes, faster growth of young, and by the greater proportion of nests that were successful. (3) Although sparrowhawks were restricted to woods for nesting, some aspects of their breeding performance deteriorated with increase in the extent of woodland around the nesting territory. This trend held both in low farmland and in the area as a whole, and was probably due more to the increase in woodland as such, than to the associated increase in breeding density. Prey densities were greater in small woods in open country than in continuous forest. (4) Territories in larch and pine were used most often, followed in order by those in spruce and broadleaved trees. Breeding performance was generally better in the favoured trees, but only for laying dates were these differences significant. The proportion of nests that produced young also rose with increasing amount of tree cover on the territory; this was partly due to lessened predation in the thicker territories. (5) There were fewer adult-yearling, and more yearling-yearling and adult-adult matings than expected if mating were random with respect to age. Yearling females had smaller clutches and broods than older ones, and in farmland their young grew less quickly and their nests were less often successful. (6) The failure of certain nests throughout the population was associated with high levels of DDE and PCB in eggs. The amount of shell thinning and egg-breakage was highly correlated with DDE concentrations. (7) Different aspects of breeding performance were most closely related with different factors. The frequency with which territories were used for breeding attempts was more closely linked with tree-species than with any other factor; laying dates and nestling growth rates were associated most strongly with surrounding landuse and productivity; sizes of clutches and broods were related most closely to age of female; while success or failure of the nest was associated both with habitat factors (especially thickness of cover on territories) and with organo-chlorine levels in eggs and with the extent of shell-thinning.


Abstract In existing research on syntactic alternations such as the dative alternation, (give her the apple vs. give the apple to her), the linguistic data is often analysed with the help of logistic regression models. In this article, we evaluate the use of logistic regression for this type of research, and present two different approaches: Bayesian Networks and Memory-based learning. For the Bayesian Network, we use the higher-level semantic features suggested in the literature, while we limit ourselves to lexical items in the memory-based approach. We evaluate the suitability of the three approaches by applying them to a large data set (>11,000 instances) extracted from the British National Corpus, and comparing their quality in terms of classification accuracy, their interpretability in the context of linguistic research, and their actual classification of individual cases. Our main finding is that the classifications are very similar across the three approaches, also when employing lexical items instead of the higher-level features, because most of the alternation is determined by the verb and the length of the two objects (here: her and the apple).


In the experiment,PCR-RFLP technique was used to detect the diffrences of the resistant and sensitive alleles distribution of S631N locus of Mx gene in twelve Chinese indigenous chicken populations.The results showed that the PCR-RFLP technique properly detected the mutation between resistant allele A and sensitive allele G.Among the twelve populations,the average frequencies of resistant allele A and sensitive allele G were 0.304 and 0.696,respectively.The average value of observed heterozygosis and Shannon′s index at this locus were 0.657 2 and 0.524 0,respectively.Except for Xianju chicken,the other eleven populations were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus(P0.05).Except for Baier chicken,the Ewens-Watterson test indicated that this locus was neutral in all the other populations.The dendrograms based on allele frequency divided the twelve indigenous chicken populations into three clusters,which reflected the difference and advantage of Mx antiviral property in twelve indigenous chicken populations.


The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (CNL) (fig. 1), also known as the spring ligament, is composed of the superomedial, medioplantar oblique, and inferolateral fascicles1. This ligament passively supports the longitudinal arch of the foot, together with the long plantar ligament and the plantar aponeurosis, and, along with the deltoid ligament, is responsible for tensing the internal aspect of this arch and stabilizing the head of the talus (fig. 2). The muscles in the foot, together with the tendons of the peroneus longus muscle (PLM) and the tibialis posterior muscle (TPM), represent the active support for this longitudinal arch2.


My research colleague has a sign in his office that serves as both inspiration and frustration to those that dare to enter: Research departments should be run like the Mafia—nobody leaves the room until the problem is solved. The inspiration to come up with solutions to marketing problems is how we run our consulting practice.…


To quantify the distribution of bar shapes in spiral galaxies, we have analysed 113 H-band and 89 B-band galaxy images from the Ohio State University Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey. Parameters measuring bar shape and position along the Hubble sequence were obtained in each waveband. Evidence was found for a bimodality in the distribution of bar shape, implying that barred and unbarred galaxies are not just the extrema of a single distribution, and that any evolution between these two states must occur on a rapid time-scale. Objective bar shapes measured in the H-band were found to be more closely related to visual classifications than B-band bar strengths, as the B-band images are somewhat compromised by localized star formation, especially in later type systems. Galaxies were found to be more centrally concentrated in the infrared. Later type galaxies showed greater asymmetry in the optical than the infrared, presumably again owing to localized star formation, but on average the bar shapes in the two bands were found to be the same.


It is well known that the so called Bianchi IX spacetimes with SO(3)-symmetry in a neighbourhood of the Big Bang exhibit a chaotic behaviour of typical trajectories in the backward movement of time. This behaviour (Mixmaster Model of the Universe) can be encoded by the shift of two-sided continued fractions. Exactly the same shift encodes the sequences of intersections of hyperbolic geodesics with purely imaginary axis in the upper complex half-plane, that is geodesic flow on an appropriate modular surface. A physical interpretation of this coincidence was suggested in arXiv:1402.2158: namely, that Mixmaster chaos is an approximate description of the passage from a hot quantum Universe at the Big Bang moment to the cooling classical Universe. Here we discuss and elaborate this suggestion, looking at the Mixmaster Model from the perspective of the second class of Bianchi IX spacetimes: those with SU(2)-symmetry (self-dual Einstein metrics). We also extend it to the more general context related to Painleve' VI equations.


The following Master Thesis has developed a non experimental research work
through an opinion poll to evaluate the degree of knowledge about antibiotics in 2nd,
3rd and 4th degree of secondary education (in Spanish, ESO) and 1st degree at high
school, and the possible consequences of bad health habits acquired during this
period. The importance of science and the value of including it in our culture and in
life in general are confirmed. Therefore, there is the need to educate in science from
the early stages, putting the main effort on adolescence, since it is the perfect stage
of education to acquire healthy life habits and specially concepts such as health and
disease. If theses aspects begin to be thought in the school, the sooner the objective
of eradicate malpractice, misunderstanding and ignorance of health concepts that
are present in our day life such as: self medication, resistance to antibiotics and all
those curiosities related to people's health, will be accomplished. Finally, some
proposals related to health interventions are given in the form of innovative and
dynamic activities, which are attractive and interesting for secondary and high
school education students.


This paper explains an optimum design concept for a designer's intentions in controller design. We consider multi-objective optimization through the Nash bargaining model ; an optimum solution attainable from Nash's study. We then optimize a feedback gain of LQR(Linear Quadric Regulator)on a motor-mass system to show the concept's effectiveness. In achieving the LQR optimization, we aim to simultaneously reduce output errors and input amplitude. Based on the Nash bargaining model, the criterions, output errors and input amplitude, are represented by numeric values, called utilities, which formulate a compromise point. Afterwards, a design solution is evaluated from this point. The resultant solution satisfies a designer's intention.


Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has increasingly found its way into the area of metal cutting machining and in many areas, has already as an alternative to conventional wet processing. In contrast to flood lubrication, minimum quantity lubrication uses only a few drops of lubrication (approx. 5 ml to 50 ml per hour) in machining. Today, the enormous cost-saving potential resulting from doing almost entirely without metalworking fluids in machining production is recognized and implemented by many companies.Earlier method of lubrication uses the coolant pump to circulate cooling fluid using coolant pump this method proved costly and so also the machine environment conditions were affected namely floor becoming slippery etc, hence it was decided to implement the minimum quantity lubrication on the machine. MQL technique Consists in atomizing a very small quantity of lubricant in airflow directed towards the cutting zone.Due to use of MQL with additives maximum surface finish, close dimensional tolerance and better tool life can be obtained This papers deals with the study of Application of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) and comparative performance evaluation of minimum quantity lubrication with and without additive in turning of alloy steel EN8K.


Classroom discourse studies have received much emphasis in foreign language education research in China. The emphases of these studies have been largely placed on different ways teachers or advanced learners can scaffold the participation of students in classroom dialogic activities, for example, by questioning, directing attention to key aspects of the curricular task, simplifying the task, appropriating language or other tools, monitoring ongoing performance, and providing appropriate feedbacks depending on the students' level of understanding in classroom interaction. These, taken together, in turn, are explored to have differential effects on learning and cognition, language development, and, generally, educational achievements. This paper,first of all, identifies and discuss three essential functions of classroom discourse, and then critically review the recent classroom discourse research literature done in China accordingly. Finally some implications and suggestions are made for further research in the localization and globalization of English language teaching and learning.


Even though convenience has been one of the principal motivations underlying customer inclinations to adopt online shopping, previous studies have applied multidimensional service convenience construct (i.e., SERVCON) both offline and online shopping without consideration about the nature of online shopping. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify six major service convenience dimensions, e-service convenience (i.e., access convenience; search convenience; evaluation convenience; transaction convenience; possession; and postpurchase convenience) suggested by Jiang et al.(2011). Also this study is examine the relationship between e-service convenience, consumer satisfactions and behavioral intentions on online shopping. It was hypothesized that e-service convenience has a significant effect on consumer satisfactions, which in turn affects behavioral intentions. In this survey, 355 valid survey responses were used to test the hypothesized structural model, and also validity and reliability were ensured. The results showed that although the hypothesized model was obtained with a good model fit, some relationships between service convenience (i.e., transaction, evaluation, and postpurchase convenience) were found to be not significant. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings, limitations, and future research directions of the study were discussed.


Environmental measurements were made in 10 broiler confinement houses in order to characterize dust contaminants. Particles were collected by filters on nine stages Andersen Air Sampler. The obtained results were summerized as follows: 1. The concentrations of the total suspended particles(TSP) were 7.584㎎/㎥~11.589㎎/㎥ in 10 day old broiler houses and 15.836㎎/㎥~22.471㎎/㎥ in 30 day old broiler houses. 2. The concentrations of the coarse particles were 4.974㎎/㎥~18.981㎎/㎥ in 10 broiler confinement houses. Therefore, it was found that the coarse particles contributed to TSP between 65.6% and 85.0%. 3. The dust levels were higher in 30 day old broiler houses with TSP averaging about 19.341㎎/㎥ than 9.491㎎/㎥ in 10 day old broiler houses. In view of the above results, It was concluded that domestic broiler houses need artificial ventilation system.


Abstract Background: In current vitrectomy, the surgeon guides the vitrectome and a rigid fiber light guide with one hand each. It would be desirable to have a free hand for other surgical instruments and maneuvers. Methods: In the feasibility study presented here, a 20 gauge vitrectome is equipped with a miniature white LED that could eliminate the need for the separate light guide and therefore free one hand. The functionality of the system is proved in a ping-pong ball filled with agar and an ex-vivo porcine eye. Results: The brightness of the approach appears to be sufficient without any realistic phototoxic retinal hazard while the functionality of the vitrectome, in combination with the LED, is still given. Conclusion: The combination of a 20 gauge vitrectome with a LED illumination unit was successfully tested. The approach can be transferred to small vitrectomes in the future


The surface roughness is one of the important factors in the mechanical properties. And,more significantly,the surface roughness has size effect characteristics. So,investigation of size effect characteristics of surface roughness is of great significance for further understanding of mechanical properties of structural surface. In view of this,firstly,we improve the Projective Covering Method by a new calculation that the random number is applied to the triangular element division. Secondly,to investigate the size effect of surface roughness of rock joints,we select six sampling windows,respectively,from the central and four corners part of structural planes(2 m×2 m). The sampling windows range from 62.5 mm×62.5 mm to 2000 mm×2000 mm. And then,we calculate fractal parameters of the different size surfaces using the improved projective covering method at the same resolution. Thirdly,we discuss the method of determining the reasonable structural surface by the parameter ΔDmaxSD. This parameter is the difference of the maximum fractal dimensions of the same size structural surfaces in different regions. The results show that:(1) The size effect of structure surface is different with different morphological surface. Generally,as the size increases,the roughness of structure surface increases and then decreases. There is positive size effect in small scale and negative size effect in large scale. (2) For a certain structural surface,when the same size surfaces are selected from different locations of the structural planes,and the size effect characteristics are also different. (3) As the size of the structure surface increases,the parameter ΔDmaxSD gradually decreases and tends to almost constant. The result of this study is a useful supplement to the comprehensive understanding of the size effect of structural surface roughness.


To assure safe usage of railway rolling stock, it is important to evaluate the strength of the wheel which is core part in bogies. However, conventional standard testing methods using destructive technique could not evaluate mechanical properties of degraded wheels during rolling stock maintenance work. Instrumented indentation test is a new way to evaluate nondestructively the strength of mechanical components by analyzing indentation load-depth curves. In this study, to evaluate tensile strength of the wheel, instrumented indentation test is performed nondestructively according to KS B 0950. Furthermore, test results are examined by tensile test in accordance with KS R 9221.


Population pressure, commercial development, and climate change are expected to cause continuing alteration of the vital oceanic coastal zone environment. These pressures will influence both the geology and biology of the littoral, nearshore, and continental shelf regions. A pressing need for global observation of coastal change processes is an accurate remotely-sensed data product for marine suspended sediments. The concentration, delivery, transport, and deposition of sediments is strongly relevant to coastal primary production, inland and coastal hydrology, coastal erosion, and loss of fragile wetland and island habitats. Sediment transport and deposition is also related to anthropogenic activities including agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture, harbor and port commerce, and military operations. Because accurate estimation of marine suspended sediment concentrations requires advanced ocean optical analysis, a focused collaborative program of algorithm development and assessment is recommended, following the successful experience of data refinement for remotely-sensed global ocean chlorophyll concentrations.


The real world objects can be recognized by using marker based and marker-less augmented reality systems. Mostly, the previous developers used markers based augmented reality systems. However, those systems actually hide the reality and it was also difficult to keep the markers everywhere. Furthermore, the previous marker-less approaches use client-server architecture, which is drastically affected by network latency. Smartphone camera is matured enough that it can recognize real world objects without markers. It can guide users about their location and the direction in a convenient way. The use of Smartphone is best suited for outdoor mobile augmented-reality applications. Therefore, a marker-less natural features based tracking system in mobile augmented reality was formulated. In the adapted framework, the state-of-the-art algorithm (speed up robust features) was modified for computing image features from live mobile camera image and compares with locally stored images features for recognition. Moreover, the local static database of location tagged image features using SQLite was implemented to bypass the server. The proposed system was tested in a mobile AR-prototype application using iPhone called UNIMAS Guide. It was found from the results that the adapted marker-less system could recognize the real world objects in speedy, easy and convenient way. This technology can be applied in tourism industry, surgery and educational fields. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i7.2798 Full Text: PDF


By Laplace expansion this determinant can be shown to be equal to a compound doterminant either of the mth or (m + 1)th order. The compounds which arise depend on the m + 1 minors of order m contained in an m by m + 1 array, The case treated here is the non-compound which arises from the *m(m + 1) minors of order m 1 which can be selected from an m by m + 1 array. It appears that the determinant


Counterproductive work behaviours such as employee silence and workplace abuse are growing in Nigeria public service. Considering their possible negative consequences on organizational efficiency/effectiveness; this study examined subordinate silence and workplace abuse as by-products of Machiavellian traits and the moderation of work ethics. The study sampled 594 public servants in Anambra State, Nigeria whose ages ranged from 23yrs to 56yrs with a mean age of 39.50yrs using multi-stage sampling technique (purposive, cluster and simple randomization). After data analysis, the result revealed that there is high rate of Machiavellian traits, subordinate silence and workplace abuse (M=58.6; M=31.4; and M = 20.5 respectively) while there is low work ethics (M=21.2) among employees. Also, positive correlations were found among Machiavellian traits, subordinate silence and workplace abuse at r(594) = .58; .54; and .67, p < .05 respectively while negative correlation was found between work ethics and Machiavellian traits at r(594) = -.60 p < .05; between work ethics and subordinate silence at r(569) = -.49, p < .05 and between work ethics and workplace abuse at r(594) = -.72, p < .05. In the regression model, Machiavellian traits positively predicted subordinate silence at β = 1.21**, P < .01 and workplace abuse at β = .92, p < .05 (n = 594). Also, work ethics negatively predicted Machiavellian traits at β = -.879 p < .05 (n = 594). Furthermore, in model 2 and 3, work ethics was found to moderate only the relationship between Machiavellian traits and subordinate silence at β = .129*, p < .01 and between Machiavellian traits and workplace abuse at β = .191**, p < .01 (n = 594). Findings imply that unhealthy exchange and social climate has negative employee outcomes which affects organizational effectiveness of Nigerian public sector.


Objective To observe the changes of serum interleukin-2,6(IL-2,6)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)in systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)induced by children's rotavirus enteritis.Methods Serum IL-2,IL-6 and TNF were detected in 78 children with rotavirus enteritis(of which,40 cases were SIRS and 38 cases were non-SIRS),as well as in health control group(43 children).The changes of IL-2,IL-6 and TNF before and after treatment were compared among 40 cases with SIRS.Results Serum IL-6 and TNF levels in SIRS group were higher apparently than those in non-SIRS groups and control group,and IL-2 level in SIRS group was lower apparently than that in non-SIRS groups and control group,indicating significant differences in comparison(P0.01).In SIRS group,the more the abnormal indexes were,the more apparently IL-6 and TNF were increased and IL-2 decreased(P0.01).After treatment in SIRS group,the increase of IL-6 and TNF and decrease of LI-2 were relieved apparently.Conclusion Rational treatment reverses the increased IL-6 and TNF and decreased IL-2 significantly in SIRS.


With the development of the radar technology,there are more and more the control / measurement items and the control procedures of the servo system.And the measurement accuracy requirement becomes higher.This results in some difficult problems.For instance,the relevancy of the procedure control and the overall consideration of the discrimination conditions become more and more sophisticated.Moreover,sudden and random disturbance from the environment to the dynamic characteristic of the measurement object often occurs.This paper analyzes and controls the mobile servo platform with the neural network theory.Due to the advantages such as processing of the multimode complicated states,adaptive,association of thought,tolerance,memory,self-study etc.the neural network can optimize the control procedures,improve the reliability and utility and automatic operation.


Abstract Introduction Antibiotics are over-used in healthcare, but little is known regarding their effects on cortisol levels in healthy individuals. Furthermore, antibiotics influence the gut microbiome, but the interrelationships between these drugs, cortisol and the microbiome are unknown. Here, we exposed the gut microbiome of rats to a multi-drug antibiotic cocktail and examined effects on circulating cortisol and inflammatory biomarker levels. Methods Male and female (M,F) Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks) were housed with phytoestrogen-free bedding, and received a phytoestrogen-free diet with water from glass bottles. Exposed rats received vancomycin (0.5g/L), ampicillin (1g/L), neomycin (1g/L), and metronidazole (1g/L) in their water for 8 days, then returned to normal water for another 13 days. Control rats received normal water throughout the study. Stool and serum samples were collected before starting antibiotics (Abx) (baseline), on day 8 of Abx (AbxD8), and at 13 days post-Abx (PAbxD13). Circulating levels of cortisol and a panel of 12 inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using MILLIPLEX Hormone Panels and RECYTMAG-65K multiplex panels, respectively. Stool DNA was extracted and 16S V3/V4 libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) clustering and taxonomic analyses were performed using CLC Microbial Genomics Module v.2.5 (Qiagen). Results A total of 31 rats (M=16, F=15) received Abx and 17 (M=9, F=8) were controls. At baseline, mean cortisol levels were similar between groups (control=34. 08±10.21ng/mL, exposed=35. 05±9.72ng/mL, P=0.96). On AbxD8, cortisol levels decreased in the exposed group relative to controls (control=29.77±9.34ng/mL, exposed=17.35±8.21ng/mL, P<0. 0001), and returned to normal in the exposed group at PAbxD13 (control=33.88±16.65ng/mL, exposed=36.62±8.68ng/mL, P=0.85). Levels of all 12 inflammatory biomarkers were also decreased at AbxD8, and all except MCP1 returned to baseline levels by PAbxD13. Antibiotic exposure resulted in significant decreases in total stool DNA levels in exposed rats relative to controls on AbxD8 (P<0. 0001), but returned to baseline levels by PAbxD13. Stool microbial diversity was also decreased in exposed rats on AbxD8 relative to controls (P=1e-08 and P<0. 0001, respectively), and gut microbiome alterations were seen at multiple taxonomic levels. At PAbxD13, the stool microbiome of exposed rats remained perturbed, and only one phylum, Bacteroidetes, returned to baseline. Abx exposure changed associations between different phyla and levels of cortisol on AbxD8 relative to baseline, and although most of the associations reestablished at PAbxD13, the RA of phylum Proteobacteria was positively associated with levels of cortisol (R=0.243, P=0. 04), as opposed to baseline (R=-0.144, P=0.4). Conclusions Antibiotic exposure results in significant decreases in levels of cortisol as well as inflammatory biomarkers that are associated with perturbations of the gut microbiome, the majority of which returned to baseline following a 13-day antibiotic recovery period. These interrealtionships between cortisol, the gut microbiome and inflammatory biomarkers may have clinical significance. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.


This article describes some recent designs of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) suitable for modern wireless applications. The DRA is advantageous over the conventional microstrips in some aspects, one of which is its compact size along with very high efficiency. Keeping this in view, researchers have explored several new geometries and techniques to design compact DRAs for wireless applications. Some recent contributions of the present authors are found to cover a significant fraction of the new techniques and as such they will be discussed along with a brief review of the state of the art in the limited scope of this article.


In order to study quantum many-body problems, we develop two matrix diagonalization codes, which solve only the ground state and all quantum states, respectively. The target model in both codes is the Hubbard model with confinement potential which describes an atomic Fermi gas loaded on an optical lattice and partly High-Tc cuprate superconductor. For the former code, we obtain 18.692TFlops (57% of the peak) as the best performance on the Earth Simulator when calculating the ground state of 100-billion dimensional matrix. From these large-scale calculations, we find atomic-scale inhomogeneous superfluid state which is now a challenging subject for physicists. For the latter code, we succeed in solving the matrix whose dimension is 375,000 with locally 24.6TFlops (75% of the peak). The calculations reveal that a change from Schrodinger's cat to classical like one can be controlled by tuning the interaction. This is a marked contrast to the general concept.


Biodiesel has become one of the main sources of renewable energy. Their positive impact on the environment has earned a lot of attention in past few decades. Biodiesel has several effects on emission and performance attributes of a CI engine. This paper deals with those effects of biodiesels derived from various sources like Jatropha, Mahua, Karanja, soybean, palm, waste cooking oil (WCO) and many other edible and nonedible oils. It has been noticed that excessive use of biodiesel will lead to food shortage and therefore blending of biodiesel with conventional diesel has been suggested by various researchers. In blending, biodiesel and petro-diesel is mixed in a proper ratio to give a mixture of diesel-biodiesel. It has been stated that, blending up to 20% has no effect on properties and is same as that of diesel and provides better results. The emissions like CO, UHC and PM, reduced and was significantly lesser than that of diesel but NOx emission was found to have much higher value when compared with diesel. When BSFC and BTE of diesel and biodiesel were compared, it was found that, BTE reduced but BSFC increased with blending. By considering all these factors and from this review, it can be said that biodiesel and its blend with diesel can be used in CI engine without any major tempering when blending is done up to a certain limit.


Buddist culture of Beiwei times took twists and turns in Ping city's (Datong ) one-hundred-year development, and experienced heavy damages by Taiw u Emperor's extincting of Buddhists.As Taiwu emoeror, Tuo Bagui had begun the ca mpaign of extincting Buddhists during the years of Tai Ping Zhenjun, which was t he biggest one after Buddhism had been brought into China. This campaign had man y deep causes such as politics, economy, culture, religion etc. It had destroyed Buddhism culture greatly though it put the seeds under the ground for the resur ge of following Wencheng times' Buddhism.


Rationale: An accessory thyroid gland (ATG) in the right ventricle is an extremely rare condition. Described herein are histological findings of ATG in the right ventricle found in a patient with a normal cervical thyroid gland. Patient concerns: A 53-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after experiencing intermittent precordial pain for 2 years. Diagnoses: The mass in the right ventricle was diagnosed pathologically as ATG. Interventions: Complete excision was performed because of the patient's intermittent precordial pain and to exclude the possibility of malignancy. Outcome: The patient's pain was resolved. No recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up. Lessons: After review and analysis of the case, we found that plain and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans showed that the mass had a similar intensity and enhancement to a cervical thyroid gland, which we think may be a useful clue for making a preoperative diagnosis of ATG.


The invention discloses a switch service flow capacity controlling method. The invention comprises that a real time value of a total flow capacity of a switch outlet service flow is monitored; whetherthe total flow capacity of the service flow is congested or not is judged according to the real time value of the total flow capacity; a flow capacity speed limiting value of the switch inlet serviceflow is adjusted according to a weighting ratio of the service flow and the judging results, which realizes the flow capacity control of the service flow. The invention also discloses a switch service flow capacity controlling device. With the invention, when the service flow with a high priority has a lower flow capacity, the flow capacity speed limiting value of each switch inlet service flow is adjusted dynamically, and the remained bandwidth of the high priority service flow is used to provide extra bandwidth for other service flow, which effectively utilizes the bandwidth resources inside the switch. And due to the limitation of the flow capacity of each service flow at the inlet, a forwarding channel during a cross-chip retransmission and the backplane bandwidth during a cross-service retransmission are saved.


ology, McMaken argues; on this basis, he constructs a missional doctrine of baptism, arguing from Matthew 28 that baptism is part of the Church's proclamatory witness to Jesus Christ, in whom reconciliation with God has been objectively wrought; water baptism attests this gracious reconciliation in teleological anticipation of the subjective awakening of faith. This general move enables McMaken to posit the legitimacy, at the Church's missional and contextual discretion, of infant baptism alongside responsible baptism. Throughout, McMaken provides an astute and appreciative analysis of Barth's major loci; indeed, for this reason alone, The Sign of the Gospel offers a lucid primer on Barth's theological commitments. Whether or not McMaken's constructive proposition regarding infant baptism is successful, however, remains for individual readers to determine. Particularly in question are whether McMaken's account, which follows the magisterial Reformation sequence of baptism anticipating faith, holds theological water (so to speak) against the biblical witness, which he readily admits does not clearly attest to (nor, admittedly, prohibit) infant baptism. More materially, it could be asked whether McMaken overcomes, or remains subject to, an incipient sacramentalism which could be suggested as lingering in diluted form in Reformed formulations: that is, whether infant baptism privileges baptized children in some way over unbaptized children (in McMaken's case, by 'embedding' a witness to the saving history of Jesus Christ in the individual's own history); if so, how is this not ultimately some form of special grace of one order or another? Nevertheless McMaken's is a stimulating discussion marked by calm, clarity and acuity in an otherwise polemically charged debate; nor is it without force in places. If unsuccessful, however, his argument risks leaving the Church, sixteen centuries after Augustine, with a practice still in need of a (compelling) doctrine, raising the prospect that Barth was justified in moving forward the unfinished reformation of ecclesial theology and praxis regarding infant baptism.


Carl Schmitt has been depicted long and inaccurately as one of Weimar's foremost conservative revolutionaries. In the early literature he was not merely categorized as a thinker belonging to that "motley" group of writers associated with the conservative revolution; he was identified directly with neo-romanticism, irrationalism, völkisch thinking, and the call for a vague "national revolution." He was associated with Oswald Spengler, Moeller van den Bruck, and Ernst Jünger. Even George Mosse described Schmitt as a leading "spokesman for the general consensus of 'German revolutionaries', " whose movement was founded upon völkisch ideology. Mosse went so far as to assert that Schmitt viewed die Volk in racial terms, diat he was nothing less man an advocate of die dieory of me "Aryan race" as the "common denominator."


We have conducted both electrical and cryomechanical designs of a superconducting propulsion motor based on field-poles made of twinned double-pancake-coils (DPC) with Bi-2223 superconducting wire. Neither field-poles nor armature coils have an iron core; that way the magnetic flux increases with increasing applied current in the HTS wire. Special attention has been paid to reducing heat from the coils upon excitation. We have fixed a final design with a low energy loss up to 0.25 W maximum excitation of 1.5 T, corresponding to a current of 200 A at 30 K. In the present study, we have assembled these 8 twinned DPCs into the HTS axial-gap type motor. The dimensions of the motor are 850 mm in diameter for 507 mm in length and the weight is 1044 kg for 100 kW at 230 rpm. The HTS field-pole coils were cooled by thermal conduction by using a circulation of condensed neon with a thermal siphon using a GM cryocooler. We report cryomechanical and technical issues. The successful excitation of the HTS rotor made of 8 twinned DPCs and the rotation test under low frequency are described.


【Aiming at the application of Vanadium Redox-Flow Battery Energy Storage System (VRBESS) on wind power, this paper studied on the control strategy of BESS under the different time scale. Firstly, the paper introduced the operation mode of BESS under different working condition and the judgment principle for operation mode switch, which based on the comprehensive characteristics of wind power prediction, SOC of BESS and control objective of wind power-BESS. According to the technical requirements, the control strategy of BESS was presented, namely smooth control based on ultra-short-term wind power prediction. The smooth control works on smooth the rapid fluctuation of power output from wind farm with time scale 0-15min, it is very helpful to improve the power quality of wind power and reduce the influence from wind power on the frequency regulation capability of power system. Lastly, by means of simulation, the control strategy was applied to a study wind farm to verify the effectiveness.】


In recent years, several classes of codes are introduced to provide some fault-tolerance and guarantee system reliability in distributed storage systems, among which locally repairable codes (LRCs for short) play an important role. However, most known constructions are over large fields with sizes close to the code length, which lead to the systems computationally expensive. Due to this, binary LRCs are of interest in practice. In this paper, we focus on binary linear LRCs with disjoint repair groups. We first derive an explicit bound for the dimension k of such codes, which can be served as a generalization of the bounds given in [11, 36, 37]. We also give several new constructions of binary LRCs with minimum distance $d = 6$ based on weakly independent sets and partial spreads, which are optimal with respect to our newly obtained bound. In particular, for locality $r\in \{2,3\}$ and minimum distance $d = 6$, we obtain the desired optimal binary linear LRCs with disjoint repair groups for almost all parameters.


identified for audit. Their medical records were reviewed to determine if these locally used prognostic indicators had been used and if appropriate interventions from the EoL care prompt had been recorded as completed. Results 7 locally used prognostic indicators were determined from interviews. Each of the 20 patients identified for audit had evidence of at least 1 of these in their notes. Interventions from the EoL care prompt were completed best in the last few days of life, however only 1 patient met the standard of completion of all interventions across the 3 sections. Conclusions Prognostic indicators are being used in the last few days of life, and these could be added to the EoL care prompt to improve its use. Despite this, not all interventions for EoL care are being completed. Further research is required to determine useful prognostic indicators and additionally to develop an effective Children's EoL care planning tool, which would be an exciting future for improving children's EoL care.


Smylie's paper dealing with the nineteenth-century historical development of church-related colleges takes note of previous works in the field, but it goes beyond prior historical analyses in calling attention to the strong ecumenical spirit which characterized church-related higher education in the nineteenth century, almost paradoxically, it seems, amidst the strong local and regional ties maintained by the colleges.


0-3 months Rats were divided into two groups and assigned either a standard rat food (STD) diet or a cafeteria (CAF) diet. The CAF diet consisted of processed foods commonly found in grocery stores, such as cookies, cereal, chips and processed meats. Rats in the CAF diet group were given the choice to eat the 'junk food' or standard chow (Figure 4). Both groups were placed on their respective diets for a 3 month period. ! 2VO After 3 months, the animals were divided into two surgical groups. One group received a SHAM surgery while the other underwent a 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) surgery. Ligation of both carotid arteries was performed according to the 2VO model, causing hypoperfusion in the cerebral cortex. The animals continued to receive their diets throughout the experiment. ! Post-surgical period Rats were further subdivided into 3 sacrifice time-point groups. One week, one month and two months after surgery their cerebral blood flow was measured in the pre-clinical MRI facility. The subgroups of animals were sacrificed the day following MRI imaging. After all animals were sacrificed, the brains were removed and placed in a paraformaldehyde solution to be stored. Brains were then frozen using cooled isopentane in order to prepare the tissue for sectioning. Sections of the entire hippocampal region of the brain were collected and placed on slides. These slides were stained with cresyl violet (figure 6) and will undergo a microscopic assessment in weeks to come. Results & discussion Introduction